**** De Mel, McKenzie and Woodruff: Business Training and Female Enterprise Start-up, Growth, and Dynamics - Experimental Evidence from Sri Lanka **** Replication File for Impacts on Current Firm Owners **** May 2013 cd C:\SriLanka\gender\data\GenderPublicUseData\ use R1_current.dta, clear mvdecode _all, mv(999) mvdecode _all, mv(99) label define yes_no 1 "Yes" label define yes_no 2 "No", add label define yes_no 3 "Don't Know", add label define yes_no 4 "Refuse", add ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* *****************************************************************FIXED CHARACTERISTICS*********************************************************************** ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ********************************************************************ROUND 1********************************************************************************** gen round=1 *********David's variables added March 9 gen child5orless=q1_22<=5 gen someonetolookafterkids=q1_24==1|q1_21==0 for var q6_11d- q6_14d: gen gX=X<=2 egen talent=rsum( gq6_11d- gq6_14d) tab talent gen atleastonetalent=talent>=1 gen hhincome=q5_12 gen fridge=q3_13_2==1 gen sewingmachine=q3_13_4==1 gen oven=q3_13_9==1 gen poorat12=q3_9==1 gen iron=q3_13_1==1 gen fan=q3_13_3==1 gen radio=q3_13_5==1 gen tv=q3_13_6==1 gen motorcycle=q3_13_7==1 gen car=q3_13_8==1 gen gascooker=q3_13_10==1 ************* rename pr province rename to town rename ds divisional_secretariat rename gn grama_niladhari_division gen business_location=1 if q1_4==1 replace business_location=2 if q1_4>=2 label define home 1 "Inside Home" label define home 2 "Outside Home", add label values business_location home rename q1_5 business_location_fixed label values business_location_fixed yes_no rename q1_7 business_from_scratch gen age_firm = 2009 - q1_10y + (3-q1_10m)/12 replace age_firm = 2009 - q1_10y if q1_10m==. gen record_keeping = 1 if q1_11==5 | q1_11>=1 & q1_11<=3 replace record_keeping =2 if q1_11==4 label values record_keeping yes_no gen employee_spouse = q1_12a_1 recode employee_spouse (3=0) gen p_spouse = q1_12b_1 if q1_12e_1==1 | q1_12e_1==2 gen p_child = q1_12b_2 if q1_12e_2==1 | q1_12e_2==2 gen p_sibling = q1_12b_3 if q1_12e_3==1 | q1_12e_3==2 gen p_parent = q1_12b_4 if q1_12e_4==1 | q1_12e_4==2 gen p_other_relative = q1_12b_5 if q1_12e_5==1 | q1_12e_5==2 gen p_non_relative = q1_12b_6 if q1_12e_6==1 | q1_12e_6==2 gen up_spouse = q1_12b_1 if q1_12e_1==3 gen up_child = q1_12b_2 if q1_12e_2==3 gen up_sibling = q1_12b_3 if q1_12e_3==3 gen up_parent = q1_12b_4 if q1_12e_4==3 gen up_other_relative = q1_12b_5 if q1_12e_5==3 gen up_non_relative = q1_12b_6 if q1_12e_6==3 foreach x in p_spouse p_child p_sibling p_parent p_other_relative p_non_relative up_spouse up_child up_sibling up_parent up_other_relative up_non_relative { recode `x' (.=0) } gen paid_workers = p_spouse+p_child+p_sibling+p_parent+p_other_relative+p_non_relative gen unpaid_workers = up_spouse+up_child+up_sibling+up_parent+up_other_relative+up_non_relative rename q1_13 age gen married = 1 if q1_15==2 replace married = 2 if q1_15~=2 & q1_15~=. label values married yes_no rename q1_16 husbands_occupation gen tamil=1 if q1_18==2 | q1_18==3 replace tamil=2 if q1_18~=2 & q1_18~=3 & q1_18~=. label values tamil yes_no gen islam=1 if q1_19==3 replace islam=2 if q1_19~=3 & q1_19~=. label values islam yes_no rename q1_20a house_mem_18_59 rename q1_20b house_mem_60_plus rename q1_20c house_mem_under_18 rename q1_21 children rename q1_22 age_youngest_child rename q1_22a age_oldest_child gen main_person_responsible=1 if q1_23==1 replace main_person_responsible=2 if q1_23~=1 & q1_23~=. rename q2_1 education_level rename q2_2 years_formal_education rename q3_1 education_level_father rename q3_2 education_level_mother rename q3_3 father_owned_business label values father_owned_business yes_no rename q3_9 enough_to_eat label var enough_to_eat "At age 12, did you family sometimes not have enough to eat, or get by with difficulty?" label values enough_to_eat yes_no recode enough_to_eat (3=.) label define agree_disagree 1 "Strongly disagree" label define agree_disagree 2 "Disagree", add label define agree_disagree 3 "Neither Agree nor Disagree", add label define agree_disagree 4 "Agree", add label define agree_disagree 5 "Strongly Agree", add rename q3_17a opinion_money_in_hand label var opinion_money_in_hand "When I have money in my hand, I am compelled to spend it on the needs of my husband or my family" label values opinion_money_in_hand agree_disagree mvdecode opinion_money_in_hand, mv(6) rename q3_17b opinion_requests_for_finance label var opinion_requests_for_finance "Those who run their business well, tend to get requests from their friends and family for financial help for expenditure or other needs" label values opinion_requests_for_finance agree_disagree mvdecode opinion_requests_for_finance, mv(6) rename q3_17c opinion_investing_in_machinery label var opinion_investing_in_machinery "Investing in machinery or equipment for the business is one way of saving money. Then it also avoids others asking for money." label values opinion_investing_in_machinery agree_diagree mvdecode opinion_investing_in_machinery, mv(6) gen ever_had_loan = 1 if q4_4a_1==1 | q4_4a_2==1 | q4_4a_3==1 | q4_4a_4==1 replace ever_had_loan = 2 if q4_4a_1==2 & q4_4a_2==2 & q4_4a_3==2 & q4_4a_4==2 gen currently_have_loan = 2 if ever_had_loan==2 replace currently_have_loan = 1 if (q4_4b_1~=. & q4_4b_1>0) | (q4_4b_2~=. & q4_4b_2>0) | (q4_4b_3~=. & q4_4b_3>0) |(q4_4b_4~=. & q4_4b_4>0) gen discount_rate1 = q4_7/10000 label var discount_rate1 "The discount rate of 10,000 RS for one month" gen monthly_revenue_08 = q5_9d_1/12 gen monthly_revenue_07 = q5_9d_2/12 gen monthly_revenue_06 = q5_9d_3/12 rename q6_5 happiness_with_current_sector label define q6_5 1 "Very content" label define q6_5 2 "Content", add label define q6_5 3 "Indifferent", add label define q6_5 4 "Not Content", add label define q6_5 5 "Very unhappy with my current sector", add label values happiness_with_current_sector q6_5 rename q7_2 registered_pradeshyasaba label values registered_pradeshyasaba yes_no rename q7_3 registered_district_secretariat label values registered_district_secretariat yes_no rename q7_4 training_ever label values training_ever yes_no rename q7_8 training_interest label values training_interest yes_no rename q7_9 training_willing_to_pay rename q7_12a reason_for_no_consulting_a rename q7_12b reason_for_no_consulting_b rename q7_12c reason_for_no_consulting_c rename q7_12d reason_for_no_consulting_d label var reason_for_no_consulting_a "I do not have the time to spend on this" label var reason_for_no_consulting_b "I can not afford the up-front costs" label var reason_for_no_consulting_c "I do not think such services can sufficiently increase profits of my business" label var reason_for_no_consulting_d " The payoff from such services is too risky -- it may be high or may be nothing, and I don't know which." label define q7_12 1 "Not Important" label define q7_12 2 "Slightly Important", add label define q7_12 3 "Moderately Important", add label define q7_12 4 "Very Important", add rename q10_1 job_expectation_5_years rename q11_1 trust label define trustlab 1 "Most people can be trusted" label define trustlab 2 "You need to be very careful", add label values trust trustlab mvencode q11_4_1-q11_4_12, mv(0) gen raven1=q11_4_1==8 gen raven2=q11_4_2==4 gen raven3=q11_4_3==5 gen raven4=q11_4_4==1 gen raven5=q11_4_5==2 gen raven6=q11_4_6==5 gen raven7=q11_4_7==6 gen raven8=q11_4_8==3 gen raven9=q11_4_9==7 gen raven10=q11_4_10==8 gen raven11=q11_4_10==7 gen raven12=q11_4_12==6 egen raven=rsum(raven1-raven12) rename q12_1 risk_attitude *digitspan gen digitspan=3 if q12_2a==2 replace digitspan=4 if q12_2b==2 replace digitspan=5 if q12_2c==2 replace digitspan=6 if q12_2d==2 replace digitspan=7 if q12_2e==2 replace digitspan=8 if q12_2f==2 replace digitspan=9 if q12_2g==2 replace digitspan=10 if q12_2h==2 replace digitspan=11 if q12_2h==1 label var digitspan "Digit Span recall Maximum" gen discount_rate2=q12_3/10000 label var discount_rate2 "The discount rate of receiving 10,000 in 5 months instead of 6 months" *Personality chars gen impulsiveness=(6-q13_1a)+q13_1b+(6-q13_1c) gen tenacity=q13_1d+q13_1e gen polychronicity=q13_1f gen locusofcontrol=q13_1k+(6-q13_1h) gen trust2=q13_1i gen achievement=q13_2a+q13_2c gen powermotivation=q13_2b+q13_2e gen workcentrality=q13_2f gen organization=q13_2g gen optimism=(6-q13_2d)+ (6-q13_1g)+q13_1j save 1st_round_genderSL, replace ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* *****************************************************************PANEL VARIABLES***************************************************************************** ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************************************************************************************* rename q6_1_1 choice_of_sector_a rename q6_1_2 choice_of_sector_b rename q6_1_3 choice_of_sector_c rename q6_1_4 choice_of_sector_d rename q6_1_5 choice_of_sector_e rename q6_1_6 choice_of_sector_f rename q6_1_7 choice_of_sector_g rename q6_1_8 choice_of_sector_h rename q6_1_9 choice_of_sector_i rename q6_1_10 choice_of_sector_j rename q6_1_11 choice_of_sector_k rename q6_1_12 choice_of_sector_l rename q6_1_13 choice_of_sector_m label values choice_of_sector_a yes_no label values choice_of_sector_b yes_no label values choice_of_sector_c yes_no label values choice_of_sector_d yes_no label values choice_of_sector_e yes_no label values choice_of_sector_f yes_no label values choice_of_sector_g yes_no label values choice_of_sector_h yes_no label values choice_of_sector_i yes_no label values choice_of_sector_j yes_no label values choice_of_sector_k yes_no label values choice_of_sector_l yes_no label var choice_of_sector_a "A family member had worked in the same industry" label var choice_of_sector_b "Friends were working in the same industry before I started my business" label var choice_of_sector_c "The cost of equipment and materials to begin a business in this sector were low" label var choice_of_sector_d "I had worked as a wage worker in this sector or industry before" label var choice_of_sector_e "Working in this occupation allows me more flexibility to look after children or other family members than other sectors or industries" label var choice_of_sector_f "I received training as an apprentice in this industry" label var choice_of_sector_g "I believe I can earn more money working in this sector than any other sector" label var choice_of_sector_h "I didn't have enough money to open a business in another sector I wanted to work in" label var choice_of_sector_i "I receive a safe, reliable stream of income from this sector, wheras other industries are more risky" label var choice_of_sector_j "This industry receives less inspections from the Government than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_k "This is an industry where it is socially acceptable for someone of my sex to work" label var choice_of_sector_l "I don't know how to do anything else" label var choice_of_sector_m "Other" rename q6_2a choice_of_sector_1stimportant rename q6_2b choice_of_sector_2ndimportant gen hours_worked_last_week=q1_3a gen hours_worked_normalweek=q1_3b rename q1_2 business_isic rename q3_16_1 hours_looking_after_children rename q3_16_2 hours_taking_children_to_school rename q3_16_3 hours_caring_for_elderly rename q3_16_4 hours_preparing_food rename q3_16_5 hours_consuming_meals rename q3_16_6 hours_cleaning_house rename q3_16_7 hours_washing_clothes rename q3_16_8 hours_household_chores rename q3_16_9 hours_shopping rename q3_16_10 hours_working_unpaid_for_family rename q3_16_11 hours_working_unpaid_non_family rename q3_16_12 hours_working_paid_for_family rename q3_16_13 hours_working_paid_non_family rename q4_2 bank_account_for_business label values bank_account_for_business yes_no rename q4_3 name_under_bank_account label define banknames 1 "Business Name" label define banknames 2 "Personal Name", add label define banknames 3 "Name of other family member", add label define banknames 4 "Other", add label values name_under_bank_account banknames gen diff_v = q5_1a_1+q5_1a_2+q5_1a_3+q5_1a_4+q5_1a_5+q5_1a_6-q5_1a_7 rename q5_1a_7 total_assets_owned gen total_assets_owned_less_land = total_assets_owned - q5_1a_5 rename q5_2 inventories_at_business label values inventories_at_business yes_no rename q5_3 value_current_inventories replace value_current_inventories=0 if inventories_at_business==2 rename q5_4 cash_on_hand gen diff_e = q5_5a+q5_5b+q5_5c+q5_5d+q5_5e+q5_5f+q5_5g-q5_5h rename q5_5h total_expenses rename q5_6 total_sales rename q5_11 total_profits rename q5_12 household_income * Management Scores foreach x of varlist q9_1a-q9_26_4 { replace `x'=. if `x'>100 replace `x'=0 if `x'==2 replace `x'=0 if `x'==. & q9_6~=. } * MARKETING gen marketingscore=q9_1a+q9_1b+q9_1c+q9_1d+q9_1e+q9_2+q9_3 * BUYING AND STOCK CONTROL gen runoutstockfrequently=q9_10==4 replace runoutstock=runoutstock*-1 gen stockscore=q9_6+q9_7+runoutstock * RECORD-KEEPING AND COSTING egen recordscore=rsum(q9_14-q9_20 q9_22) * FINANCIAL PLANNING replace q9_23=2 if q9_23==0 replace q9_23=q9_23-1 replace q9_24a=2 if q9_24a==0 replace q9_24a=q9_24a-1 replace q9_24a=0 if q9_24==0 egen planningscore=rsum(q9_23-q9_26_4) * COMPARE gen totalscore=marketingscore+stockscore+recordscore+planningscore rename q14_1a clear_sign keep sheno province district town divisional_secretariat grama_niladhari_division business_isic business_location_fixed business_from_scratch husbands_occupation age house_mem_18_59 house_mem_60_plus house_mem_under_18 children age_youngest_child age_oldest_child education_level years_formal_education education_level_father education_level_mother father_owned_business enough_to_eat hours_looking_after_children hours_taking_children_to_school hours_caring_for_elderly hours_preparing_food hours_consuming_meals hours_cleaning_house hours_washing_clothes hours_household_chores hours_shopping hours_working_unpaid_for_family hours_working_unpaid_non_family hours_working_paid_for_family hours_working_paid_non_family opinion_money_in_hand opinion_requests_for_finance opinion_investing_in_machinery bank_account_for_business name_under_bank_account total_assets_owned inventories_at_business value_current_inventories cash_on_hand total_expenses total_sales total_profits household_income choice_of_sector_a choice_of_sector_b choice_of_sector_c choice_of_sector_d choice_of_sector_e choice_of_sector_f choice_of_sector_g choice_of_sector_h choice_of_sector_i choice_of_sector_j choice_of_sector_k choice_of_sector_l choice_of_sector_m choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant happiness_with_current_sector registered_pradeshyasaba registered_district_secretariat training_ever training_interest training_willing_to_pay reason_for_no_consulting_a reason_for_no_consulting_b reason_for_no_consulting_c reason_for_no_consulting_d job_expectation_5_years risk_attitude clear_sign round child5orless someonetolookafterkids talent atleastonetalent business_location age_firm- totalscore hhincome-gascooker sort sheno save 1st_round_genderSL, replace ****************************************************************************ROUND 2************************************************************************** clear use R2_current.dta, clear gen round=2 mvdecode _all, mv(999) mvdecode _all, mv(99) label define yes_no 1 "Yes" label define yes_no 2 "No", add label define yes_no 3 "Don't Know", add label define yes_no 4 "Refuse", add ********************************************************************FIXED CHARACTERISTICS******************************************************************** gen decision_food = q11_2a_1 gen decision_household_nondurables = q11_2a_2 gen decision_your_clothes = q11_2a_3 gen decision_childrens_clothes = q11_2a_4 gen decision_durable_goods = q11_2a_5 gen decision_childrens_education = q11_2a_6 gen decision_alcohol = q11_2a_7 gen decision_moneytoyour_momdad = q11_2a_8 gen decision_moneytohis_momdad = q11_2a_9 gen decision_business_equipment = q11_2a_10 gen decision_reinvesting_profits = q11_2a_11 rename q11_3 how_to_save_money rename q11_4a free_to_spend_house label values free_to_spend_house yes_no rename q11_4b free_to_spend_self label values free_to_spend_self yes_no label define agree_disagree 1 "Strongly disagree" label define agree_disagree 2 "Disagree", add label define agree_disagree 3 "Neither Agree nor Disagree", add label define agree_disagree 4 "Agree", add label define agree_disagree 5 "Strongly Agree", add rename q11_5a statement_1 rename q11_5b statement_2 rename q11_5c statement_3 rename q11_5d statement_4 rename q11_5e statement_5 rename q11_5f statement_6 rename q11_5g statement_7 rename q11_5h statement_8 rename q11_5i statement_9 label values statement_1 agree_disagree label values statement_2 agree_disagree label values statement_3 agree_disagree label values statement_4 agree_disagree label values statement_5 agree_disagree label values statement_6 agree_disagree label values statement_7 agree_disagree label values statement_8 agree_disagree label values statement_9 agree_disagree label var statement_1 "The profits of my enterprise are higher because of my spouse's involvement" label var statement_2 "My spouse hekps to run my enterprise" label var statement_3 "Because of my spouse's efforts in the business, I expect the busines to do well in the future." label var statement_4 "I do not hold much money as cash or inventories in my business because it is too easy for household members to take" label var statement_5 "I have more control over assets in my business than I do over money I hold at home" label var statement_6 "I find it hard not to spend loose cssh in the business on personal expenses" label var statement_7 "Business assets which are equiptment are less likly to be taken down by others than business assets which are cash or friends. label var statement_8 "Some members of my household are jealous of my business" label var statement_9 "Some of my neighbors or friends are jealous of my business" rename q12_1 training_participate label values training_participate yes_no rename q12_1a reason_no_training label define nt 1 "I decided I am not interested in running a business" label define nt 2 "I did not think the training would be valuable to me", add label define nt 3 "I could not arrange transportation to the training location", add label define nt 4 "I could not find anyone to watch my children", add label define nt 5 "I had to mind my children's school work and other such work", add label define nt 6 "I was sick/a family member was sick", add label define nt 7 "A family eventy", add label define nt 8 "There was no one to mind the business", add label values reason_no_training nt rename q12_2 training_complete label values training_complete yes_no rename q12_9 tech_training_participate label values tech_training_participate yes_no gen train_food_prep = q12_10_1 label values train_food_prep yes_no gen train_beauty_culture = q12_10_2 label values train_beauty_culture yes_no gen train_sewing_clothes = q12_10_3 label values train_sewing_clothes yes_no gen train_plant_nursery = q12_10_4 label values train_plant_nursery yes_no gen train_snack_prep = q12_10_5 label values train_snack_prep yes_no gen train_yoghurt_making = q12_10_6 label values train_yoghurt_making yes_no gen train_soap_making = q12_10_7 label values train_soap_making yes_no gen train_anyofabove = 1 if q12_10_1==1 | q12_10_2==1 | q12_10_3==1 | q12_10_4==1 | q12_10_5==1 | q12_10_6==1 | q12_10_7==1 replace train_anyofabove = 2 if train_anyofabove~=1 & q12_10_1~=. & q12_10_2~=.& q12_10_3~=.& q12_10_4~=.& q12_10_5~=.& q12_10_6~=.& q12_10_7~=. save 2nd_round_genderSL, replace ********************************************************************PANEL VARIABLES************************************************************************** rename nb business_sector_finetuned rename q1_1b business_isic gen business_line_changed = 1 if q1_1c ==2 replace business_line_changed = 2 if q1_1c~=2 & q1_1c~=. label values business_line_changed yes_no gen business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_1c ==4 replace business_line_loc_changed = 2 if q1_1c~=4 & q1_1c~=. label values business_line_loc_changed yes_no gen new_business_continue_old = 1 if q1_1c ==5 replace new_business_continue_old = 2 if q1_1c~=5 & q1_1c~=. label values new_business_continue_old yes_no gen new_biz_continue_old_locchange = 1 if q1_1c ==6 replace new_biz_continue_old_locchange = 2 if q1_1c~=6 & q1_1c~=. label values new_biz_continue_old_locchange yes_no gen still_in_business=1 if q1_1c==1 |q1_13==3 | q1_13==5 replace still_in_business=2 if still_in_business~=1 & q1_13~=.&q1_13==3 & q1_13==5 label values still_in_business yes_no rename q2_5 income_lastweek rename q2_10 expect_to_reselfemploy label values expect_to_reselfemploy yes_no rename q3_1 newbusiness_isic foreach x in q3_2a q3_2b q6_5a q6_5b{ replace `x'=0 if `x'==. } gen hours_worked_last_week= q3_2a + q6_5a gen hours_worked_normalweek=q3_2b + q6_5b foreach x in hours_worked_last_week hours_worked_normalweek { replace `x'=. if `x'==0 } rename q3_8 reason_changed_business label define changelab 1 "The previous business was making a loss" label define changelab 2 "A better business opportunity came along", add label define changelab 3 "I acquired training or other infromation about the new business", add label define changelab 4 "I needed more flexibility", add label define changelab 5 "Other", add label define changelab 6 "Not relevant", add gen choice_of_sector_a=q3_9_1 gen choice_of_sector_b=q3_9_2 gen choice_of_sector_c=q3_9_3 gen choice_of_sector_d=q3_9_4 gen choice_of_sector_e=q3_9_5 gen choice_of_sector_f=q3_9_6 gen choice_of_sector_g=q3_9_7 gen choice_of_sector_h=q3_9_8 gen choice_of_sector_i=q3_9_9 gen choice_of_sector_j=q3_9_10 gen choice_of_sector_k=q3_9_11 gen choice_of_sector_l=q3_9_12 gen choice_of_sector_m=q3_9_13 label values choice_of_sector_a yes_no label values choice_of_sector_b yes_no label values choice_of_sector_c yes_no label values choice_of_sector_d yes_no label values choice_of_sector_e yes_no label values choice_of_sector_f yes_no label values choice_of_sector_g yes_no label values choice_of_sector_h yes_no label values choice_of_sector_i yes_no label values choice_of_sector_j yes_no label values choice_of_sector_k yes_no label values choice_of_sector_l yes_no label values choice_of_sector_m yes_no label var choice_of_sector_a "A family member had worked in the same industry" label var choice_of_sector_b "Friends were working in the same industry before I started my business" label var choice_of_sector_c "The cost of equipment and materials to begin a business in this industry were low" label var choice_of_sector_d "I had worked as a wage worker in this industry before label var choice_of_sector_e "Working in this occupation allows me more flexibility to look after children or other family members than other sectors or industries" label var choice_of_sector_f "I received training as an apprentice in this industry" label var choice_of_sector_g "I believe this industry brings in more income than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_h "I didn't have enough money to open a business in another sector I wanted to work in" label var choice_of_sector_i "I receive a safe, reliable stream of income from this sector, whereas other secotrs are risky" label var choice_of_sector_j "This industry receives less government inspection than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_k "This is an industry where it is socially acceptable for females to work" label var choice_of_sector_l "I have no knowledge of operating other businesses" rename q3_10a choice_of_sector_1stimportant rename q3_10b choice_of_sector_2ndimportant foreach x in q5_3a_1-q5_3a_7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_v=q5_3a_1+q5_3a_2+q5_3a_3+q5_3a_4+q5_3a_5+q5_3a_6-q5_3a_7 rename q5_3a_7 total_assets_owned gen total_assets_owned_less_land = total_assets_owned - q5_3a_5 rename q5_4 bank_account_for_business label values bank_account_for_business yes_no replace bank_account_for_business=q6_3 if bank_account_for_business==. rename q6_4 name_under_bank_account label define banknames 1 "Business Name" label define banknames 2 "Personal Name", add label define banknames 3 "Name of other family member", add label define banknames 4 "Other", add label values name_under_bank_account banknames replace name_under_bank_account = q5_5 if name_under_bank_account==. foreach x in q6_1a_1-q6_1b_7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_p=q6_1a_1+q6_1a_2+q6_1a_3+q6_1a_4+q6_1a_5+q6_1a_6-q6_1a_7 gen total_assets_purchased=q6_1a_7 gen total_assets_purchased_lessland=q6_1a_7-q6_1a_5 gen diff_s=q6_1b_1+q6_1b_2+q6_1b_3+q6_1b_4+q6_1b_5+q6_1b_6-q6_1b_7 gen total_assets_sold=q6_1b_7 gen total_assets_sold_lessland=q6_1b_7-q6_1b_5 gen loan_family = q6_2a_1 gen loan_private_bank = q6_2a_2 gen load_gov_bank = q6_2a_3 gen loan_micro = q6_2a_4 gen loan_dev_bank = q6_2a_5 gen loan_samurdhi_bank = q6_2a_6 gen loan_sanasa = q6_2a_7 gen loan_dev_proj = q6_2a_8 rename q7_1 inventories_at_business label values inventories_at_business yes_no rename q7_2 value_current_inventories replace value_current_inventories=0 if inventories_at_business==2 rename q7_3 cash_on_hand gen diff_e = q7_4a+q7_4b+q7_4c+q7_4d+q7_4e+q7_4f+q7_4g-q7_4h rename q7_4h total_expenses rename q7_5 total_sales rename q7_8 total_profits rename q7_9 household_income * Management Scores foreach x of varlist q9_1a-q9_26_4 { replace `x'=. if `x'>100 replace `x'=0 if `x'==2 replace `x'=0 if `x'==. & q9_6~=. } * MARKETING gen marketingscore=q9_1a+q9_1b+q9_1c+q9_1d+q9_1e+q9_2+q9_3 * BUYING AND STOCK CONTROL gen runoutstockfrequently=q9_10==4 replace runoutstock=runoutstock*-1 gen stockscore=q9_6+q9_7+runoutstock * RECORD-KEEPING AND COSTING egen recordscore=rsum(q9_14-q9_20 q9_22) * FINANCIAL PLANNING replace q9_23=2 if q9_23==0 replace q9_23=q9_23-1 replace q9_24a=2 if q9_24a==0 replace q9_24a=q9_24a-1 replace q9_24a=0 if q9_24==0 egen planningscore=rsum(q9_23-q9_26_4) * COMPARE gen totalscore=marketingscore+stockscore+recordscore+planningscore rename q10_2_1 hours_looking_after_children rename q10_2_2 hours_taking_children_to_school rename q10_2_3 hours_caring_for_elderly rename q10_2_4 hours_preparing_food rename q10_2_5 hours_consuming_meals rename q10_2_6 hours_cleaning_house rename q10_2_7 hours_washing_clothes rename q10_2_8 hours_household_chores rename q10_2_9 hours_shopping rename q10_2_10 hours_working_unpaid_for_family rename q10_2_11 hours_working_unpaid_non_family rename q10_2_12 hours_working_paid_for_family rename q10_2_13 hours_working_paid_non_family keep sheno group business_sector_finetuned business_isic income_lastweek expect_to_reselfemploy newbusiness_isic reason_changed_business choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant total_assets_owned bank_account_for_business name_under_bank_account inventories_at_business value_current_inventories cash_on_hand total_expenses total_sales total_profits household_income hours_looking_after_children hours_taking_children_to_school hours_caring_for_elderly hours_preparing_food hours_consuming_meals hours_cleaning_house hours_washing_clothes hours_household_chores hours_shopping hours_working_unpaid_for_family hours_working_unpaid_non_family hours_working_paid_for_family hours_working_paid_non_family how_to_save_money free_to_spend_house free_to_spend_self statement_1 statement_2 statement_3 statement_5 statement_4 statement_6 statement_7 statement_8 statement_9 training_participate reason_no_training training_complete tech_training_participate round- totalscore sort sheno save 2nd_round_genderSL, replace ****************************************************************************ROUND 3************************************************************************** clear use R3_current.dta, clear gen round=3 mvdecode _all, mv(999) mvdecode _all, mv(99) label define yes_no 1 "Yes" label define yes_no 2 "No", add label define yes_no 3 "Don't Know", add label define yes_no 4 "Refuse", add ****************************************************************************FIXED CHARACTERISTICS************************************************************ **********NONE ****************************************************************************PANEL VARIABLES****************************************************************** rename nb business_sector_finetuned rename q1_1b business_isic gen business_line_changed = 1 if q1_1g ==2 replace business_line_changed = 2 if q1_1g~=2 & q1_1g~=. label values business_line_changed yes_no gen business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_1g ==4 replace business_line_loc_changed = 2 if q1_1g~=4 & q1_1g~=. label values business_line_loc_changed yes_no gen new_business_continue_old = 1 if q1_1g ==5 replace new_business_continue_old = 2 if q1_1g~=5 & q1_1g~=. label values new_business_continue_old yes_no gen new_biz_continue_old_locchange = 1 if q1_1g ==6 replace new_biz_continue_old_locchange = 2 if q1_1g~=6 & q1_1g~=. label values new_biz_continue_old_locchange yes_no gen still_in_business=1 if q1_1c==1 |q1_13==3 | q1_13==5 replace still_in_business=2 if still_in_business~=1 & q1_13~=. &q1_13~=3 & q1_13~=5 label values still_in_business yes_no rename q2_5 income_lastweek rename q2_10 expect_to_reselfemploy label values expect_to_reselfemploy yes_no rename q3_1 newbusiness_isic foreach x in q3_2a q3_2b q6_5a q6_5b{ replace `x'=0 if `x'==. } gen hours_worked_last_week= q3_2a + q6_5a gen hours_worked_normalweek=q3_2b + q6_5b foreach x in hours_worked_last_week hours_worked_normalweek { replace `x'=. if `x'==0 } rename q3_8 reason_changed_business label define changelab 1 "The previous business was making a loss" label define changelab 2 "A better business opportunity came along", add label define changelab 3 "I acquired training or other infromation about the new business", add label define changelab 4 "I needed more flexibility", add label define changelab 5 "Other", add label define changelab 6 "Not relevant", add gen choice_of_sector_a=q3_9_1 gen choice_of_sector_b=q3_9_2 gen choice_of_sector_c=q3_9_3 gen choice_of_sector_d=q3_9_4 gen choice_of_sector_e=q3_9_5 gen choice_of_sector_f=q3_9_6 gen choice_of_sector_g=q3_9_7 gen choice_of_sector_h=q3_9_8 gen choice_of_sector_i=q3_9_9 gen choice_of_sector_j=q3_9_10 gen choice_of_sector_k=q3_9_11 gen choice_of_sector_l=q3_9_12 gen choice_of_sector_m=q3_9_16 gen choice_of_sector_n=q3_9_13 gen choice_of_sector_o=q3_9_14 gen choice_of_sector_p=q3_9_15 label values choice_of_sector_a yes_no label values choice_of_sector_b yes_no label values choice_of_sector_c yes_no label values choice_of_sector_d yes_no label values choice_of_sector_e yes_no label values choice_of_sector_f yes_no label values choice_of_sector_g yes_no label values choice_of_sector_h yes_no label values choice_of_sector_i yes_no label values choice_of_sector_j yes_no label values choice_of_sector_k yes_no label values choice_of_sector_l yes_no label values choice_of_sector_m yes_no label values choice_of_sector_n yes_no label values choice_of_sector_o yes_no label values choice_of_sector_p yes_no label var choice_of_sector_a "A family member had worked in the same industry" label var choice_of_sector_b "Friends were working in the same industry before I started my business" label var choice_of_sector_c "The cost of equipment and materials to begin a business in this industry were low" label var choice_of_sector_d "I had worked as a wage worker in this industry before label var choice_of_sector_e "Working in this occupation allows me more flexibility to look after children or other family members than other sectors or industries" label var choice_of_sector_f "I received training as an apprentice in this industry" label var choice_of_sector_g "I believe this industry brings in more income than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_h "I didn't have enough money to open a business in another sector I wanted to work in" label var choice_of_sector_i "I receive a safe, reliable stream of income from this sector, whereas other secotrs are risky" label var choice_of_sector_j "This industry receives less government inspection than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_k "This is an industry where it is socially acceptable for females to work" label var choice_of_sector_l "I have no knowledge of operating other businesses" label var choice_of_sector_n "This business activity is my hobby" label var choice_of_sector_o "Because of the training program that I received from the survey project" label var choice_of_sector_p "There are no businesses in this sector in this area so there is a demand" rename q3_10a choice_of_sector_1stimportant rename q3_10b choice_of_sector_2ndimportant foreach x in q5_3a_1-q5_3a_7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_v=q5_3a_1+q5_3a_2+q5_3a_3+q5_3a_4+q5_3a_5+q5_3a_6-q5_3a_7 rename q5_3a_7 total_assets_owned gen total_assets_owned_less_land = total_assets_owned - q5_3a_5 rename q5_4 bank_account_for_business label values bank_account_for_business yes_no replace bank_account_for_business=q6_3 if bank_account_for_business==. rename q6_4 name_under_bank_account label define banknames 1 "Business Name" label define banknames 2 "Personal Name", add label define banknames 3 "Name of other family member", add label define banknames 4 "Other", add label values name_under_bank_account banknames replace name_under_bank_account = q5_5 if name_under_bank_account==. foreach x in q6_1a_1-q6_1b_7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_p=q6_1a_1+q6_1a_2+q6_1a_3+q6_1a_4+q6_1a_5+q6_1a_6-q6_1a_7 gen total_assets_purchased=q6_1a_7 gen total_assets_purchased_lessland=q6_1a_7-q6_1a_5 gen diff_s=q6_1b_1+q6_1b_2+q6_1b_3+q6_1b_4+q6_1b_5+q6_1b_6-q6_1b_7 gen total_assets_sold=q6_1b_7 gen total_assets_sold_lessland=q6_1b_7-q6_1b_5 gen loan_family = q6_2a_1 gen loan_private_bank = q6_2a_2 gen load_gov_bank = q6_2a_3 gen loan_micro = q6_2a_4 gen loan_dev_bank = q6_2a_5 gen loan_samurdhi_bank = q6_2a_6 gen loan_sanasa = q6_2a_7 gen loan_dev_proj = q6_2a_8 rename q7_1 inventories_at_business label values inventories_at_business yes_no rename q7_2 value_current_inventories replace value_current_inventories=0 if inventories_at_business==2 rename q7_3 cash_on_hand gen diff_e = q7_4a+q7_4b+q7_4c+q7_4d+q7_4e+q7_4f+q7_4g-q7_4h rename q7_4h total_expenses rename q7_5 total_sales rename q7_8 total_profits rename q7_9 household_income rename q10_2_1 hours_looking_after_children rename q10_2_2 hours_taking_children_to_school rename q10_2_3 hours_caring_for_elderly rename q10_2_4 hours_preparing_food rename q10_2_5 hours_consuming_meals rename q10_2_6 hours_cleaning_house rename q10_2_7 hours_washing_clothes rename q10_2_8 hours_household_chores rename q10_2_9 hours_shopping rename q10_2_10 hours_working_unpaid_for_family rename q10_2_11 hours_working_unpaid_non_family rename q10_2_12 hours_working_paid_for_family rename q10_2_13 hours_working_paid_non_family keep sheno business_sector_finetuned business_isic income_lastweek expect_to_reselfemploy newbusiness_isic reason_changed_business choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant total_assets_owned bank_account_for_business name_under_bank_account inventories_at_business value_current_inventories cash_on_hand total_expenses total_sales total_profits household_income hours_looking_after_children hours_taking_children_to_school hours_caring_for_elderly hours_preparing_food hours_consuming_meals hours_cleaning_house hours_washing_clothes hours_household_chores hours_shopping hours_working_unpaid_for_family hours_working_unpaid_non_family hours_working_paid_for_family hours_working_paid_non_family round-diff_e sort sheno save 3rd_round_genderSL, replace ****************************************************************************ROUND 4************************************************************************** clear use R4_current.dta, clear gen round=4 mvdecode _all, mv(999) mvdecode _all, mv(99) label define yes_no 1 "Yes" label define yes_no 2 "No", add label define yes_no 3 "Don't Know", add label define yes_no 4 "Refuse", add label define agree_disagree 1 "Strongly disagree" label define agree_disagree 2 "Disagree", add label define agree_disagree 3 "Neither Agree nor Disagree", add label define agree_disagree 4 "Agree", add label define agree_disagree 5 "Strongly Agree", add ****************************************************************************FIXED CHARACTERISTICS************************************************************ *****Decision Making rename q12_1 money_for_personaluse label values money_for_personaluse yes_no rename q12_2a moneycontrol_food label define control 1 "Yes (for both myself and children)" label define control 2 "No (neither for myself nor children)", add label define control 3 "Yes for myself, but not for children", add label define control 4 "Yes for the children, but not for myself", add label define control 5 "Do not use/spend", add label values moneycontrol_food control rename q12_2b moneycontrol_clothes label values moneycontrol_clothes control rename q12_2c moneycontrol_medicine label values moneycontrol_medicine control rename q12_2d moneycontrol_toiletries label values moneycontrol_toiletries control rename q12_2e moneycontrol_leisure label values moneycontrol_leisure control rename q12_2f moneycontrol_savings label values moneycontrol_savings control rename q12_3a moneycontrol_beautyculture label define yn 1 "Yes" label define yn 2 "No", add label define yn 3 "Do not use/spend", add label values moneycontrol_beautyculture control rename q12_3b moneycontrol_finance label values moneycontrol_finance control ******Mobility label define yn1 1 "Yes" label define yn1 2 "No", add label define yn1 3 "Not relevant", add gen go_church=q12_4a gen go_market=q12_4b gen go_healthcenter=q12_4c gen go_friendhome=q12_4d gen go_parenthome=q12_4e gen go_relativehome=q12_4f gen go_dsoffice=q12_4g gen go_mc_uc_psoffice=q12_4h gen go_bank=q12_4i gen go_ownbusiness=q12_4j label values go_church yn1 label values go_market yn1 label values go_healthcenter yn1 label values go_friendhome yn1 label values go_parenthome yn1 label values go_relativehome yn1 label values go_dsoffice yn1 label values go_mc_uc_psoffice yn1 label values go_bank yn1 label values go_ownbusiness yn1 label define yn2 1 "Yes" label define yn2 2 "No", add label define yn2 3 "Never", add label define yn2 4 "Not relevant", add gen alone_church=q12_5a gen alone_market=q12_5b gen alone_healthcenter=q12_5c gen alone_friendhome=q12_5d gen alone_parenthome=q12_5e gen alone_relativehome=q12_5f gen alone_dsoffice=q12_5g gen alone_mc_uc_psoffice=q12_5h gen alone_bank=q12_5i gen alone_ownbusiness=q12_5j label values alone_church yn2 label values alone_market yn2 label values alone_healthcenter yn2 label values alone_friendhome yn2 label values alone_parenthome yn2 label values alone_relativehome yn2 label values alone_dsoffice yn2 label values alone_mc_uc_psoffice yn2 label values alone_bank yn2 label values alone_ownbusiness yn2 gen opinion_money_in_hand=q12_6a gen opinion_requests_for_finance=q12_6b gen opinion_investing_in_machinery=q12_6c label values opinion_money_in_hand agree_disagree label values opinion_requests_for_finance agree_disagree label values opinion_investing_in_machinery agree_disagree label var opinion_money_in_hand "When I have money in my hand, I am compelled to spend it on the needs of my husband or my family" label var opinion_requests_for_finance "Those who run their business well, tend to get requests from their friends and family for financial help for expenditure or other needs" label var opinion_investing_in_machinery "Investing in machinery or equipment for the business is one way of saving money. Then it also avoids others asking for money" rename q13_1 participate_in_training save 4th_round_genderSL, replace ****************************************************************************PANEL VARIABLES****************************************************************** rename nb business_sector_finetuned rename q1_1b business_isic gen business_line_changed = 1 if q1_1c ==2 replace business_line_changed = 2 if q1_1c~=2 & q1_1c~=. label values business_line_changed yes_no gen business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_1c ==4 replace business_line_loc_changed = 2 if q1_1c~=4 & q1_1c~=. label values business_line_loc_changed yes_no gen new_business_continue_old = 1 if q1_1c ==5 replace new_business_continue_old = 2 if q1_1c~=5 & q1_1c~=. label values new_business_continue_old yes_no gen new_biz_continue_old_locchange = 1 if q1_1c ==6 replace new_biz_continue_old_locchange = 2 if q1_1c~=6 & q1_1c~=. label values new_biz_continue_old_locchange yes_no gen still_in_business=1 if q1_1c==1 |q1_13==3 | q1_13==5 replace still_in_business=2 if still_in_business~=1 & q1_13~=.&q1_13==3 & q1_13==5 label values still_in_business yes_no rename q2_5 income_lastweek rename q2_10 expect_to_reselfemploy label values expect_to_reselfemploy yes_no rename q3_1 newbusiness_isic foreach x in q3_2a q3_2b q6_5a q6_5b{ replace `x'=0 if `x'==. } gen hours_worked_last_week= q3_2a + q6_5a gen hours_worked_normalweek=q3_2b + q6_5b foreach x in hours_worked_last_week hours_worked_normalweek { replace `x'=. if `x'==0 } rename q3_8 reason_changed_business label define changelab 1 "The previous business was making a loss" label define changelab 2 "A better business opportunity came along", add label define changelab 3 "I acquired training or other infromation about the new business", add label define changelab 4 "I needed more flexibility", add label define changelab 5 "Other", add label define changelab 6 "Not relevant", add gen choice_of_sector_a=q3_9_1 gen choice_of_sector_b=q3_9_2 gen choice_of_sector_c=q3_9_3 gen choice_of_sector_d=q3_9_4 gen choice_of_sector_e=q3_9_5 gen choice_of_sector_f=q3_9_6 gen choice_of_sector_g=q3_9_7 gen choice_of_sector_h=q3_9_8 gen choice_of_sector_i=q3_9_9 gen choice_of_sector_j=q3_9_10 gen choice_of_sector_k=q3_9_11 gen choice_of_sector_l=q3_9_12 gen choice_of_sector_m=q3_9_16 gen choice_of_sector_n=q3_9_13 gen choice_of_sector_o=q3_9_14 gen choice_of_sector_p=q3_9_15 label values choice_of_sector_a yes_no label values choice_of_sector_b yes_no label values choice_of_sector_c yes_no label values choice_of_sector_d yes_no label values choice_of_sector_e yes_no label values choice_of_sector_f yes_no label values choice_of_sector_g yes_no label values choice_of_sector_h yes_no label values choice_of_sector_i yes_no label values choice_of_sector_j yes_no label values choice_of_sector_k yes_no label values choice_of_sector_l yes_no label values choice_of_sector_m yes_no label values choice_of_sector_n yes_no label values choice_of_sector_o yes_no label values choice_of_sector_p yes_no label var choice_of_sector_a "A family member had worked in the same industry" label var choice_of_sector_b "Friends were working in the same industry before I started my business" label var choice_of_sector_c "The cost of equipment and materials to begin a business in this industry were low" label var choice_of_sector_d "I had worked as a wage worker in this industry before label var choice_of_sector_e "Working in this occupation allows me more flexibility to look after children or other family members than other sectors or industries" label var choice_of_sector_f "I received training as an apprentice in this industry" label var choice_of_sector_g "I believe this industry brings in more income than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_h "I didn't have enough money to open a business in another sector I wanted to work in" label var choice_of_sector_i "I receive a safe, reliable stream of income from this sector, whereas other secotrs are risky" label var choice_of_sector_j "This industry receives less government inspection than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_k "This is an industry where it is socially acceptable for females to work" label var choice_of_sector_l "I have no knowledge of operating other businesses" label var choice_of_sector_n "This business activity is my hobby" label var choice_of_sector_o "Because of the training program that I received from the survey project" label var choice_of_sector_p "There are no businesses in this sector in this area so there is a demand" rename q3_10a choice_of_sector_1stimportant rename q3_10b choice_of_sector_2ndimportant foreach x in q5_3a_1-q5_3a_7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_v=q5_3a_1+q5_3a_2+q5_3a_3+q5_3a_4+q5_3a_5+q5_3a_6-q5_3a_7 rename q5_3a_7 total_assets_owned gen total_assets_owned_less_land = total_assets_owned - q5_3a_5 gen checkpoint=total_assets_owned_less_land rename q5_4 bank_account_for_business label values bank_account_for_business yes_no replace bank_account_for_business=q6_3 if bank_account_for_business==. rename q6_4 name_under_bank_account label define banknames 1 "Business Name" label define banknames 2 "Personal Name", add label define banknames 3 "Name of other family member", add label define banknames 4 "Other", add label values name_under_bank_account banknames replace name_under_bank_account = q5_5 if name_under_bank_account==. foreach x in q6_1_a1-q6_1_b7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_p=q6_1_a1+q6_1_a2+q6_1_a3+q6_1_a4+q6_1_a5+q6_1_a6-q6_1_a7 gen total_assets_purchased=q6_1_a7 gen total_assets_purchased_lessland=q6_1_a7-q6_1_a5 gen diff_s=q6_1_b1+q6_1_b2+q6_1_b3+q6_1_b4+q6_1_b5+q6_1_b6-q6_1_b7 gen total_assets_sold=q6_1_b7 gen total_assets_sold_lessland=q6_1_b7-q6_1_b5 gen loan_family = q6_2a_1 gen loan_private_bank = q6_2a_2 gen load_gov_bank = q6_2a_3 gen loan_micro = q6_2a_4 gen loan_dev_bank = q6_2a_5 gen loan_samurdhi_bank = q6_2a_6 gen loan_sanasa = q6_2a_7 gen loan_dev_proj = q6_2a_8 rename q7_1 inventories_at_business label values inventories_at_business yes_no rename q7_2 value_current_inventories replace value_current_inventories=0 if inventories_at_business==2 rename q7_3 cash_on_hand gen diff_e = q7_4a+q7_4b+q7_4c+q7_4d+q7_4e+q7_4f+q7_4g-q7_4h rename q7_4h total_expenses rename q7_5 total_sales rename q7_8 total_profits rename q7_9 household_income * Management Scores foreach x of varlist q9_1-q9_22 { replace `x'=. if `x'>100 replace `x'=0 if `x'==2 replace `x'=0 if `x'==. & q9_1~=. } * MARKETING gen marketingscore=q9_18a+q9_18b+q9_18c+q9_18d+q9_18e+q9_20+q9_21 * BUYING AND STOCK CONTROL gen runoutstockfrequently=q9_3==4 replace runoutstock=runoutstock*-1 gen stockscore=q9_1+q9_2+runoutstock * RECORD-KEEPING AND COSTING egen recordscore=rsum(q9_5-q9_12) * FINANCIAL PLANNING replace q9_13=2 if q9_13==0 replace q9_13=q9_13-1 replace q9_14=2 if q9_15==0 replace q9_15=q9_15-1 replace q9_15=0 if q9_14==0 egen planningscore=rsum(q9_13-q9_17_4) * COMPARE gen totalscore=marketingscore+stockscore+recordscore+planningscore rename q10_2_1 hours_looking_after_children rename q10_2_2 hours_taking_children_to_school rename q10_2_3 hours_caring_for_elderly rename q10_2_4 hours_preparing_food rename q10_2_5 hours_consuming_meals rename q10_2_6 hours_cleaning_house rename q10_2_7 hours_washing_clothes rename q10_2_8 hours_household_chores rename q10_2_9 hours_shopping rename q10_2_10 hours_working_unpaid_for_family rename q10_2_11 hours_working_unpaid_non_family rename q10_2_12 hours_working_paid_for_family rename q10_2_13 hours_working_paid_non_family keep checkpoint sheno business_sector_finetuned business_isic income_lastweek expect_to_reselfemploy newbusiness_isic reason_changed_business choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant total_assets_owned bank_account_for_business name_under_bank_account inventories_at_business value_current_inventories cash_on_hand total_expenses total_profits household_income hours_looking_after_children hours_taking_children_to_school hours_caring_for_elderly hours_preparing_food hours_consuming_meals hours_cleaning_house hours_washing_clothes hours_household_chores hours_shopping hours_working_unpaid_for_family hours_working_unpaid_non_family hours_working_paid_for_family hours_working_paid_non_family money_for_personaluse moneycontrol_food moneycontrol_clothes moneycontrol_medicine moneycontrol_toiletries moneycontrol_leisure moneycontrol_savings moneycontrol_beautyculture moneycontrol_finance participate_in_training total_sales round go_church-totalscore sort sheno save 4th_round_genderSL, replace ****************************************************************************ROUND 4 MULTI ENTERPRISE********************************************************* clear use R4_multi.dta, clear gen round=4 gen multi=1 rename nb_b1 business_sector_finetuned_m1 rename nb_b2 business_sector_finetuned_m2 rename nb_b3 business_sector_finetuned_m3 rename q1_1b business_isic gen business_line_changed = 1 if q1_2a_b1==1 replace business_line_changed = 1 if q1_2a_b2==1 replace business_line_changed = 1 if q1_2a_b3==1 replace business_line_changed = 2 if q1_2a_b1==2 & q1_2a_b2==2 & q1_2a_b3==2 label values business_line_changed yes_no gen business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_2b_b1==1 replace business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_2b_b2==1 replace business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_2b_b3==1 replace business_line_loc_changed = 2 if q1_2b_b1==2 & q1_2b_b2==2 & q1_2b_b3==2 label values business_line_loc_changed yes_no rename q2_5 income_lastweek rename q2_10 expect_to_reselfemploy label values expect_to_reselfemploy yes_no rename q3_1 newbusiness_isic foreach x in q3_2a q3_2b q6_5a_b1 q6_5b_b1 q6_5a_b2 q6_5b_b2 q6_5a_b3 q6_5b_b3{ replace `x'=0 if `x'==. } gen hours_worked_last_week= q3_2a + q6_5a_b1 + q6_5a_b2 + q6_5a_b3 gen hours_worked_normalweek=q3_2b + q6_5b_b1 + q6_5b_b2 + q6_5b_b3 foreach x in hours_worked_last_week hours_worked_normalweek { replace `x'=. if `x'==0 } rename q3_8 reason_changed_business label define changelab 1 "The previous business was making a loss" label define changelab 2 "A better business opportunity came along", add label define changelab 3 "I acquired training or other infromation about the new business", add label define changelab 4 "I needed more flexibility", add label define changelab 5 "Other", add label define changelab 6 "Not relevant", add gen choice_of_sector_a=q3_9_1 gen choice_of_sector_b=q3_9_2 gen choice_of_sector_c=q3_9_3 gen choice_of_sector_d=q3_9_4 gen choice_of_sector_e=q3_9_5 gen choice_of_sector_f=q3_9_6 gen choice_of_sector_g=q3_9_7 gen choice_of_sector_h=q3_9_8 gen choice_of_sector_i=q3_9_9 gen choice_of_sector_j=q3_9_10 gen choice_of_sector_k=q3_9_11 gen choice_of_sector_l=q3_9_12 gen choice_of_sector_m=q3_9_16 gen choice_of_sector_n=q3_9_13 gen choice_of_sector_o=q3_9_14 gen choice_of_sector_p=q3_9_15 label values choice_of_sector_a yes_no label values choice_of_sector_b yes_no label values choice_of_sector_c yes_no label values choice_of_sector_d yes_no label values choice_of_sector_e yes_no label values choice_of_sector_f yes_no label values choice_of_sector_g yes_no label values choice_of_sector_h yes_no label values choice_of_sector_i yes_no label values choice_of_sector_j yes_no label values choice_of_sector_k yes_no label values choice_of_sector_l yes_no label values choice_of_sector_m yes_no label values choice_of_sector_n yes_no label values choice_of_sector_o yes_no label values choice_of_sector_p yes_no label var choice_of_sector_a "A family member had worked in the same industry" label var choice_of_sector_b "Friends were working in the same industry before I started my business" label var choice_of_sector_c "The cost of equipment and materials to begin a business in this industry were low" label var choice_of_sector_d "I had worked as a wage worker in this industry before label var choice_of_sector_e "Working in this occupation allows me more flexibility to look after children or other family members than other sectors or industries" label var choice_of_sector_f "I received training as an apprentice in this industry" label var choice_of_sector_g "I believe this industry brings in more income than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_h "I didn't have enough money to open a business in another sector I wanted to work in" label var choice_of_sector_i "I receive a safe, reliable stream of income from this sector, whereas other secotrs are risky" label var choice_of_sector_j "This industry receives less government inspection than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_k "This is an industry where it is socially acceptable for females to work" label var choice_of_sector_l "I have no knowledge of operating other businesses" label var choice_of_sector_n "This business activity is my hobby" label var choice_of_sector_o "Because of the training program that I received from the survey project" label var choice_of_sector_p "There are no businesses in this sector in this area so there is a demand" rename q3_10a choice_of_sector_1stimportant rename q3_10b choice_of_sector_2ndimportant foreach x in q5_3a_1-q5_3a_7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_v=q5_3a_1+q5_3a_2+q5_3a_3+q5_3a_4+q5_3a_5+q5_3a_6-q5_3a_7 rename q5_3a_7 total_assets_owned gen total_assets_owned_less_land = total_assets_owned - q5_3a_5 rename q5_4 bank_account_for_business label values bank_account_for_business yes_no replace bank_account_for_business=q6_3 if bank_account_for_business==. rename q6_4 name_under_bank_account label define banknames 1 "Business Name" label define banknames 2 "Personal Name", add label define banknames 3 "Name of other family member", add label define banknames 4 "Other", add label values name_under_bank_account banknames replace name_under_bank_account = q5_5 if name_under_bank_account==. /* foreach x in q6_1_a1-q6_1_b7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_p=q6_1_a1+q6_1_a2+q6_1_a3+q6_1_a4+q6_1_a5+q6_1_a6-q6_1_a7 gen total_assets_purchased=q6_1_a7 gen total_assets_purchased_lessland=q6_1_a7-q6_1_a5 gen diff_s=q6_1_b1+q6_1_b2+q6_1_b3+q6_1_b4+q6_1_b5+q6_1_b6-q6_1_b7 gen total_assets_sold=q6_1_b7 gen total_assets_sold_lessland=q6_1_b7-q6_1_b5 */ gen loan_family = q6_2a_1 gen loan_private_bank = q6_2a_2 gen load_gov_bank = q6_2a_3 gen loan_micro = q6_2a_4 gen loan_dev_bank = q6_2a_5 gen loan_samurdhi_bank = q6_2a_6 gen loan_sanasa = q6_2a_7 gen loan_dev_proj = q6_2a_8 rename q7_1 inventories_at_business label values inventories_at_business yes_no rename q7_2 value_current_inventories replace value_current_inventories=0 if inventories_at_business==2 rename q7_3 cash_on_hand gen diff_e = q7_4a+q7_4b+q7_4c+q7_4d+q7_4e+q7_4f+q7_4g-q7_4h rename q7_4h total_expenses rename q7_5 total_sales rename q7_8 total_profits rename q7_9 household_income * Management Scores foreach x of varlist q9_1-q9_22 { replace `x'=. if `x'>100 replace `x'=0 if `x'==2 replace `x'=0 if `x'==. & q9_1~=. } * MARKETING gen marketingscore=q9_18a+q9_18b+q9_18c+q9_18d+q9_18e+q9_20+q9_21 * BUYING AND STOCK CONTROL gen runoutstockfrequently=q9_3==4 replace runoutstock=runoutstock*-1 gen stockscore=q9_1+q9_2+runoutstock * RECORD-KEEPING AND COSTING egen recordscore=rsum(q9_5-q9_12) * FINANCIAL PLANNING replace q9_13=2 if q9_13==0 replace q9_13=q9_13-1 replace q9_14=2 if q9_15==0 replace q9_15=q9_15-1 replace q9_15=0 if q9_14==0 egen planningscore=rsum(q9_13-q9_17_4) * COMPARE gen totalscore=marketingscore+stockscore+recordscore+planningscore rename q10_2_1 hours_looking_after_children rename q10_2_2 hours_taking_children_to_school rename q10_2_3 hours_caring_for_elderly rename q10_2_4 hours_preparing_food rename q10_2_5 hours_consuming_meals rename q10_2_6 hours_cleaning_house rename q10_2_7 hours_washing_clothes rename q10_2_8 hours_household_chores rename q10_2_9 hours_shopping rename q10_2_10 hours_working_unpaid_for_family rename q10_2_11 hours_working_unpaid_non_family rename q10_2_12 hours_working_paid_for_family rename q10_2_13 hours_working_paid_non_family keep sheno business_sector_finetuned_m1 business_sector_finetuned_m2 business_sector_finetuned_m3 business_isic income_lastweek expect_to_reselfemploy newbusiness_isic reason_changed_business choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant total_assets_owned bank_account_for_business name_under_bank_account inventories_at_business value_current_inventories cash_on_hand total_expenses total_sales total_profits household_income hours_looking_after_children- hours_working_paid_non_family round- totalscore sort sheno round save 4th_round_multiSL, replace *********************** ROUND 5 ******************************************************** clear use R5_current.dta, clear gen round=5 gen currentsample=sample_group=="A" mvdecode _all, mv(999) mvdecode _all, mv(99) mvdecode _all, mv(996) label define yes_no 1 "Yes" label define yes_no 2 "No", add label define yes_no 3 "Don't Know", add label define yes_no 4 "Refuse", add label define agree_disagree 1 "Strongly disagree" label define agree_disagree 2 "Disagree", add label define agree_disagree 3 "Neither Agree nor Disagree", add label define agree_disagree 4 "Agree", add label define agree_disagree 5 "Strongly Agree", add ****************************************************************************FIXED CHARACTERISTICS************************************************************ ****** Happiness rename q11_1a happinessinbus1 rename q11_1b happinessinbus2 rename q11_1c happinessinbus3 rename q11_1d happinessinbus4 rename q11_1e happinessinlife rename q11_1f happinessinSLK for var q11_2a-q11_2e: label values X agree_disagree rename q11_2a attitudebus_1 rename q11_2b attitudebus_2 rename q11_2c attitudebus_3 rename q11_2d attitudebus_4 rename q11_2e attitudebus_5 save 5th_round_genderSL, replace ****************************************************************************PANEL VARIABLES****************************************************************** rename nb business_sector_finetuned rename q1_0b_2_1 business_isic gen business_line_changed = 1 if q1_1c ==2 replace business_line_changed = 2 if q1_1c~=2 & q1_1c~=. label values business_line_changed yes_no gen business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_1c ==4 replace business_line_loc_changed = 2 if q1_1c~=4 & q1_1c~=. label values business_line_loc_changed yes_no gen new_business_continue_old = 1 if q1_1c ==5 replace new_business_continue_old = 2 if q1_1c~=5 & q1_1c~=. label values new_business_continue_old yes_no gen new_biz_continue_old_locchange = 1 if q1_1c ==6 replace new_biz_continue_old_locchange = 2 if q1_1c~=6 & q1_1c~=. label values new_biz_continue_old_locchange yes_no gen still_in_business=1 if q1_1c==1 |q1_13==3 | q1_13==5 replace still_in_business=2 if still_in_business~=1 & q1_13~=.&q1_13==3 & q1_13==5 label values still_in_business yes_no rename q2_5 income_lastweek rename q2_10 expect_to_reselfemploy label values expect_to_reselfemploy yes_no rename q3_1_b_1 newbusiness_isic foreach x in q7_0a_a q7_0a_b { replace `x'=0 if `x'==. } gen hours_worked_last_week= q7_0a_a gen hours_worked_normalweek=q7_0a_b foreach x in hours_worked_last_week hours_worked_normalweek { replace `x'=. if `x'==0 } rename q3_8 reason_changed_business label define changelab 1 "The previous business was making a loss" label define changelab 2 "A better business opportunity came along", add label define changelab 3 "I acquired training or other infromation about the new business", add label define changelab 4 "Comfortable working hours", add label define changelab 5 "Other", add label define changelab 6 "Not relevant", add gen choice_of_sector_a=q3_9_1 gen choice_of_sector_b=q3_9_2 gen choice_of_sector_c=q3_9_3 gen choice_of_sector_d=q3_9_4 gen choice_of_sector_e=q3_9_5 gen choice_of_sector_f=q3_9_6 gen choice_of_sector_g=q3_9_7 gen choice_of_sector_h=q3_9_8 gen choice_of_sector_i=q3_9_9 gen choice_of_sector_j=q3_9_10 gen choice_of_sector_k=q3_9_11 gen choice_of_sector_l=q3_9_12 gen choice_of_sector_m=q3_9_16 gen choice_of_sector_n=q3_9_13 gen choice_of_sector_o=q3_9_14 gen choice_of_sector_p=q3_9_15 label values choice_of_sector_a yes_no label values choice_of_sector_b yes_no label values choice_of_sector_c yes_no label values choice_of_sector_d yes_no label values choice_of_sector_e yes_no label values choice_of_sector_f yes_no label values choice_of_sector_g yes_no label values choice_of_sector_h yes_no label values choice_of_sector_i yes_no label values choice_of_sector_j yes_no label values choice_of_sector_k yes_no label values choice_of_sector_l yes_no label values choice_of_sector_m yes_no label values choice_of_sector_n yes_no label values choice_of_sector_o yes_no label values choice_of_sector_p yes_no label var choice_of_sector_a "A family member had worked in the same self-employment sector" label var choice_of_sector_b "Friends were working in the same industry before I started my business" label var choice_of_sector_c "The cost of equipment and materials to begin a business in this sector were low" label var choice_of_sector_d "I had worked as a wage worker in the same industry before" label var choice_of_sector_e "Working in this sector allows me more flexibility to look after children or other family members than other sectors or industries" label var choice_of_sector_f "I received training as an apprentice in this business" label var choice_of_sector_g "I believe this sector brings in more income than other sectors" label var choice_of_sector_h "I didn't have enough money to open a business in another sector I wanted to work in" label var choice_of_sector_i "I receive a safe, reliable stream of income from this sector, whereas other secotrs are risky" label var choice_of_sector_j "This industry receives less government inspection than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_k "This is an industry where it is socially acceptable for females to work in" label var choice_of_sector_l "Not having any knowledge of other industries" label var choice_of_sector_n "This business activity is one of my hobbies" label var choice_of_sector_o "Because of the training program that I received from the survey project" label var choice_of_sector_p "There are no businesses in this sector in this area so there is a demand" rename q3_10a choice_of_sector_1stimportant rename q3_10b choice_of_sector_2ndimportant foreach x in q5_3a_1-q5_3a_7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_v=q5_3a_1+q5_3a_2+q5_3a_3+q5_3a_4+q5_3a_5+q5_3a_6-q5_3a_7 rename q5_3a_7 total_assets_owned gen total_assets_owned_less_land = total_assets_owned - q5_3a_5 gen checkpoint=total_assets_owned_less_land rename q7_13 bank_account_for_business label values bank_account_for_business yes_no rename q7_14 name_under_bank_account label define banknames 1 "Business Name" label define banknames 2 "Personal Name", add label define banknames 3 "Name of other family member", add label define banknames 4 "Other", add label values name_under_bank_account banknames foreach x in q6_1_a1-q6_1_b7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_p=q6_1_a1+q6_1_a2+q6_1_a3+q6_1_a4+q6_1_a5+q6_1_a6-q6_1_a7 gen total_assets_purchased=q6_1_a7 gen total_assets_purchased_lessland=q6_1_a7-q6_1_a5 gen diff_s=q6_1_b1+q6_1_b2+q6_1_b3+q6_1_b4+q6_1_b5+q6_1_b6-q6_1_b7 gen total_assets_sold=q6_1_b7 gen total_assets_sold_lessland=q6_1_b7-q6_1_b5 gen loan_family = q6_2a_1 gen loan_private_bank = q6_2a_2 gen load_gov_bank = q6_2a_3 gen loan_micro = q6_2a_4 gen loan_dev_bank = q6_2a_5 gen loan_samurdhi_bank = q6_2a_6 gen loan_sanasa = q6_2a_7 gen loan_dev_proj = q6_2a_8 rename q7_1 inventories_at_business label values inventories_at_business yes_no rename q7_2 value_current_inventories replace value_current_inventories=0 if inventories_at_business==2 rename q7_3 cash_on_hand gen diff_e = q7_4a+q7_4b+q7_4c+q7_4d+q7_4e+q7_4f+q7_4g-q7_4h rename q7_4h total_expenses rename q7_5a total_sales rename q7_5b total_sales_monthbefore rename q7_8a total_profits rename q7_8b total_profits_monthbefore rename q7_9 household_income rename q7_5c_av bestmonthsales rename q7_5c_bv worstmonthsales rename q7_0d_a fulltimeworkers rename q7_0d_b parttimeworkers * Management Scores foreach x of varlist q9_1-q9_22 { replace `x'=. if `x'>100 replace `x'=0 if `x'==2 replace `x'=0 if `x'==. & q9_1~=. } * MARKETING gen marketingscore=q9_18a+q9_18b+q9_18c+q9_18d+q9_18e+q9_20+q9_21 * BUYING AND STOCK CONTROL gen runoutstockfrequently=q9_3==4 replace runoutstock=runoutstock*-1 gen stockscore=q9_1+q9_2+runoutstock * RECORD-KEEPING AND COSTING egen recordscore=rsum(q9_5-q9_12) * FINANCIAL PLANNING replace q9_13=2 if q9_13==0 replace q9_13=q9_13-1 replace q9_14=2 if q9_15==0 replace q9_15=q9_15-1 replace q9_15=0 if q9_14==0 egen planningscore=rsum(q9_13-q9_17_4) * COMPARE gen totalscore=marketingscore+stockscore+recordscore+planningscore rename q10_2_1 hours_looking_after_children rename q10_2_2 hours_taking_children_to_school rename q10_2_3 hours_caring_for_elderly rename q10_2_4 hours_preparing_food rename q10_2_5 hours_consuming_meals rename q10_2_6 hours_cleaning_house rename q10_2_7 hours_washing_clothes rename q10_2_8 hours_household_chores rename q10_2_9 hours_shopping rename q10_2_10 hours_working_unpaid_for_family rename q10_2_11 hours_working_unpaid_non_family rename q10_2_12 hours_working_paid_for_family rename q10_2_13 hours_working_paid_non_family *** Survival, Interviewed, and Has Multiple Businesses gen interviewed=qf2==1 gen currentbusiness=1 if qf4==1|qf5_2==1|business_isic~=. for num 1/5: replace currentbusiness=1 if q1_0a_X==1 replace currentbusiness=1 if q1_0a_7==1 replace currentbusiness=0 if (qf4>=2 & qf4<=4) & currentbusiness==. replace currentbusiness=0 if q1_13==1|q1_13==2|q1_13==4 gen wageworker=1 if qf5_3==1|q1_13==1|q2_1~=. replace wageworker=0 if qf4<=4 & wageworker==. replace wageworker=0 if currentbusiness~=. & wageworker==. gen wageincome=income_lastweek replace currentbusiness=0 if wageworker==1 & currentbusiness==. gen startedbus=q1_0a_1==1 replace startedbus=. if q1_0a_1==. gen startandstop=1 if q1_0c==1 replace startandstop=0 if q1_0c==2 gen multibusiness=q1_0a_5==1|q1_1c==5|q1_1c==6 gen changedbusline=q1_0a_2==1|q1_0a_4==1|q1_0a_5==1 #delimit ; keep checkpoint sheno business_sector_finetuned business_isic income_lastweek wageincome expect_to_reselfemploy newbusiness_isic reason_changed_business choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant total_assets_owned bank_account_for_business name_under_bank_account inventories_at_business value_current_inventories cash_on_hand total_expenses total_profits total_profits_monthbefore total_sales_monthbefore household_income hours_looking_after_children hours_taking_children_to_school hours_caring_for_elderly hours_preparing_food hours_consuming_meals hours_cleaning_house hours_washing_clothes hours_household_chores hours_shopping hours_working_unpaid_for_family hours_working_unpaid_non_family hours_working_paid_for_family hours_working_paid_non_family bestmonthsales worstmonthsales fulltimeworkers parttimeworkers happiness* attitude* interviewed currentbus wageworker startedbus startandstop multibus changedbusline total_sales round-totalscore; #delimit cr sort sheno save 5th_round_genderSL, replace ****************************************************************************ROUND 5 MULTI ENTERPRISE********************************************************* clear use R5_multi.dta, clear gen round=5 gen multi=1 rename nb_b1 business_sector_finetuned_m1 rename nb_b2 business_sector_finetuned_m2 rename nb_b3 business_sector_finetuned_m3 rename q1_0b_2_1 business_isic gen business_line_changed = 1 if q1_2a_b1==1 replace business_line_changed = 1 if q1_2a_b2==1 replace business_line_changed = 1 if q1_2a_b3==1 replace business_line_changed = 2 if q1_2a_b1==2 & q1_2a_b2==2 & q1_2a_b3==2 label values business_line_changed yes_no gen business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_2b_b1==1 replace business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_2b_b2==1 replace business_line_loc_changed = 1 if q1_2b_b3==1 replace business_line_loc_changed = 2 if q1_2b_b1==2 & q1_2b_b2==2 & q1_2b_b3==2 label values business_line_loc_changed yes_no rename q2_5 income_lastweek gen wageincome=income_lastweek rename q2_10 expect_to_reselfemploy label values expect_to_reselfemploy yes_no rename q3_1b newbusiness_isic foreach x in q7_0a_a q7_0a_b { replace `x'=0 if `x'==. } gen hours_worked_last_week= q7_0a_a gen hours_worked_normalweek=q7_0a_b foreach x in hours_worked_last_week hours_worked_normalweek { replace `x'=. if `x'==0 } rename q3_8 reason_changed_business label define changelab 1 "The previous business was making a loss" label define changelab 2 "A better business opportunity came along", add label define changelab 3 "I acquired training or other infromation about the new business", add label define changelab 4 "Comfortable working hours", add label define changelab 5 "Other", add label define changelab 6 "Not relevant", add gen choice_of_sector_a=q3_9_1 gen choice_of_sector_b=q3_9_2 gen choice_of_sector_c=q3_9_3 gen choice_of_sector_d=q3_9_4 gen choice_of_sector_e=q3_9_5 gen choice_of_sector_f=q3_9_6 gen choice_of_sector_g=q3_9_7 gen choice_of_sector_h=q3_9_8 gen choice_of_sector_i=q3_9_9 gen choice_of_sector_j=q3_9_10 gen choice_of_sector_k=q3_9_11 gen choice_of_sector_l=q3_9_12 gen choice_of_sector_m=q3_9_16 gen choice_of_sector_n=q3_9_13 gen choice_of_sector_o=q3_9_14 gen choice_of_sector_p=q3_9_15 label values choice_of_sector_a yes_no label values choice_of_sector_b yes_no label values choice_of_sector_c yes_no label values choice_of_sector_d yes_no label values choice_of_sector_e yes_no label values choice_of_sector_f yes_no label values choice_of_sector_g yes_no label values choice_of_sector_h yes_no label values choice_of_sector_i yes_no label values choice_of_sector_j yes_no label values choice_of_sector_k yes_no label values choice_of_sector_l yes_no label values choice_of_sector_m yes_no label values choice_of_sector_n yes_no label values choice_of_sector_o yes_no label values choice_of_sector_p yes_no label var choice_of_sector_a "A family member had worked in the same self-employment sector" label var choice_of_sector_b "Friends were working in the same industry before I started my business" label var choice_of_sector_c "The cost of equipment and materials to begin a business in this sector were low" label var choice_of_sector_d "I had worked as a wage worker in the same industry before" label var choice_of_sector_e "Working in this sector allows me more flexibility to look after children or other family members than other sectors or industries" label var choice_of_sector_f "I received training as an apprentice in this business" label var choice_of_sector_g "I believe this sector brings in more income than other sectors" label var choice_of_sector_h "I didn't have enough money to open a business in another sector I wanted to work in" label var choice_of_sector_i "I receive a safe, reliable stream of income from this sector, whereas other secotrs are risky" label var choice_of_sector_j "This industry receives less government inspection than other industries" label var choice_of_sector_k "This is an industry where it is socially acceptable for females to work in" label var choice_of_sector_l "Not having any knowledge of other industries" label var choice_of_sector_n "This business activity is one of my hobbies" label var choice_of_sector_o "Because of the training program that I received from the survey project" label var choice_of_sector_p "There are no businesses in this sector in this area so there is a demand" rename q3_10a choice_of_sector_1stimportant rename q3_10b choice_of_sector_2ndimportant foreach x in q5_3a_1-q5_3a_7 { recode `x' (.=0) } gen diff_v=q5_3a_1+q5_3a_2+q5_3a_3+q5_3a_4+q5_3a_5+q5_3a_6-q5_3a_7 rename q5_3a_7 total_assets_owned gen total_assets_owned_less_land = total_assets_owned - q5_3a_5 for var q6_1_1_b1a-q6_1_7_b3b: mvdecode X, mv(999) for var q6_1_5_b1a q6_1_7_b1a q6_1_5_b2a q6_1_7_b2a q6_1_5_b3a q6_1_7_b3a q6_1_5_b1b q6_1_7_b1b q6_1_5_b2b q6_1_7_b2b q6_1_5_b3b q6_1_7_b3b: replace X=0 if X==. gen netKchange_noland=(q6_1_7_b1a-q6_1_5_b1a)+(q6_1_7_b2a-q6_1_5_b2a)+(q6_1_7_b3a-q6_1_5_b3a) - (q6_1_7_b1b-q6_1_5_b1b)-(q6_1_7_b2b-q6_1_5_b2b)-(q6_1_7_b3b-q6_1_5_b3b) rename q7_13 bank_account_for_business label values bank_account_for_business yes_no rename q7_14 name_under_bank_account label define banknames 1 "Business Name" label define banknames 2 "Personal Name", add label define banknames 3 "Name of other family member", add label define banknames 4 "Other", add label values name_under_bank_account banknames gen loan_family = q6_2a_1 gen loan_private_bank = q6_2a_2 gen load_gov_bank = q6_2a_3 gen loan_micro = q6_2a_4 gen loan_dev_bank = q6_2a_5 gen loan_samurdhi_bank = q6_2a_6 gen loan_sanasa = q6_2a_7 gen loan_dev_proj = q6_2a_8 rename q7_1 inventories_at_business label values inventories_at_business yes_no rename q7_2 value_current_inventories replace value_current_inventories=0 if inventories_at_business==2 rename q7_3 cash_on_hand gen diff_e = q7_4a+q7_4b+q7_4c+q7_4d+q7_4e+q7_4f+q7_4g-q7_4h rename q7_4h total_expenses rename q7_5a total_sales rename q7_5b total_sales_monthbefore rename q7_8a total_profits rename q7_8b total_profits_monthbefore rename q7_9 household_income rename q7_5c_av bestmonthsales rename q7_5c_bv worstmonthsales rename q7_0d_a fulltimeworkers rename q7_0d_b parttimeworkers * Management Scores foreach x of varlist q9_1-q9_22 { replace `x'=. if `x'>100 replace `x'=0 if `x'==2 replace `x'=0 if `x'==. & q9_1~=. } * MARKETING gen marketingscore=q9_18a+q9_18b+q9_18c+q9_18d+q9_18e+q9_20+q9_21 * BUYING AND STOCK CONTROL gen runoutstockfrequently=q9_3==4 replace runoutstock=runoutstock*-1 gen stockscore=q9_1+q9_2+runoutstock * RECORD-KEEPING AND COSTING egen recordscore=rsum(q9_5-q9_12) * FINANCIAL PLANNING replace q9_13=2 if q9_13==0 replace q9_13=q9_13-1 replace q9_14=2 if q9_15==0 replace q9_15=q9_15-1 replace q9_15=0 if q9_14==0 egen planningscore=rsum(q9_13-q9_17_4) * COMPARE gen totalscore=marketingscore+stockscore+recordscore+planningscore rename q10_2_1 hours_looking_after_children rename q10_2_2 hours_taking_children_to_school rename q10_2_3 hours_caring_for_elderly rename q10_2_4 hours_preparing_food rename q10_2_5 hours_consuming_meals rename q10_2_6 hours_cleaning_house rename q10_2_7 hours_washing_clothes rename q10_2_8 hours_household_chores rename q10_2_9 hours_shopping rename q10_2_10 hours_working_unpaid_for_family rename q10_2_11 hours_working_unpaid_non_family rename q10_2_12 hours_working_paid_for_family rename q10_2_13 hours_working_paid_non_family ****** Happiness rename q11_1a happinessinbus1 rename q11_1b happinessinbus2 rename q11_1c happinessinbus3 rename q11_1d happinessinbus4 rename q11_1e happinessinlife rename q11_1f happinessinSLK for var q11_2a-q11_2e: label values X agree_disagree rename q11_2a attitudebus_1 rename q11_2b attitudebus_2 rename q11_2c attitudebus_3 rename q11_2d attitudebus_4 rename q11_2e attitudebus_5 *** Survival, Interviewed, and Has Multiple Businesses gen interviewed=qf2==1 gen currentbusiness=1 if qf4_1==1|qf4_2==1|qf5_2==1|qf5_1==1|business_isic~=. for num 1/5: replace currentbusiness=1 if q1_0a_X==1 replace currentbusiness=1 if q1_0a_7==1 replace currentbusiness=0 if (qf4_3==1|qf4_4==1) & currentbusiness==. replace currentbusiness=0 if q1_6==1|q1_6==2|q1_6==4 gen wageworker=1 if qf5_4==1|q1_6==1|q2_1~=. replace wageworker=0 if currentbusiness~=. & wageworker==. replace currentbusiness=0 if wageworker==1 & currentbusiness==. gen startedbus=q1_0a_1==1 replace startedbus=. if q1_0a_1==. gen startandstop=1 if q1_0c==1 replace startandstop=0 if q1_0c==2 gen multibusiness=q1_0a_5==1|q1_1a==1 gen changedbusline=q1_0a_2==1|q1_0a_4==1|q1_0a_5==1 #delimit ; keep sheno wageincome bestmonthsales worstmonthsales fulltimeworkers netKchange parttimeworkers interviewed currentbus wageworker startedbus startandstop multibus changedbusline happiness* attitude* total_profits_monthbefore total_sales_monthbefore business_sector_finetuned_m1 business_sector_finetuned_m2 business_sector_finetuned_m3 business_isic income_lastweek expect_to_reselfemploy newbusiness_isic reason_changed_business choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant total_assets_owned bank_account_for_business name_under_bank_account inventories_at_business value_current_inventories cash_on_hand total_expenses total_sales total_profits household_income hours_looking_after_children- hours_working_paid_non_family round- totalscore; #delimit cr sort sheno round save 5th_round_multiSL, replace *********************************************************************************APPEND ROUNDS************************************************************* clear use 5th_round_genderSL, clear sort sheno round save 5th_round_genderSL, replace use 2nd_round_genderSL sort sheno round save 2nd_round_genderSL, replace use 3rd_round_genderSL sort sheno round save 3rd_round_genderSL, replace use 4th_round_genderSL sort sheno round save 4th_round_genderSL, replace use 1st_round_genderSL sort sheno round save 1st_round_genderSL, replace use "4th_round_genderSL.dta", clear sort sheno round append using "4th_round_multiSL.dta", force save "4th_round_all.dta", replace use "5th_round_genderSL.dta", clear sort sheno round append using "5th_round_multiSL.dta", force save "5th_round_all.dta", replace use 1st_round_genderSL, clear merge sheno round using "2nd_round_genderSL.dta", unique drop _merge sort sheno round merge sheno round using "3rd_round_genderSL.dta", unique drop _merge sort sheno round merge sheno round using "4th_round_genderSL.dta", unique sort sheno round drop _merge append using "4th_round_multiSL.dta", force sort sheno round merge sheno round using "5th_round_genderSL.dta", unique sort sheno round drop _merge append using "5th_round_multiSL.dta", force #delimit ; keep checkpoint multi business_sector_finetuned_m1 business_sector_finetuned_m2 business_sector_finetuned_m3 business_sector_finetuned total_assets_sold total_assets_sold_lessland sheno round province town trust district divisional_secretariat grama_niladhari_division business_sector* business_isic business_location_fixed business_from_scratch age husbands_occupation house_mem_18_59 house_mem_60_plus house_mem_under_18 children age_youngest_child age_oldest_child education_level years_formal_education education_level_father education_level_mother father_owned_business enough_to_eat hours_looking_after_children hours_taking_children_to_school hours_caring_for_elderly hours_preparing_food hours_consuming_meals hours_cleaning_house hours_washing_clothes hours_household_chores hours_shopping hours_working_unpaid_for_family hours_working_unpaid_non_family hours_working_paid_for_family hours_working_paid_non_family opinion_money_in_hand opinion_requests_for_finance opinion_investing_in_machinery bank_account_for_business name_under_bank_account total_assets_owned inventories_at_business value_current_inventories cash_on_hand total_expenses total_sales total_profits household_income choice_of_sector_a choice_of_sector_b choice_of_sector_c choice_of_sector_d choice_of_sector_e choice_of_sector_f choice_of_sector_g choice_of_sector_h choice_of_sector_i choice_of_sector_j choice_of_sector_k choice_of_sector_l choice_of_sector_m choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant happiness_with_current_sector registered_pradeshyasaba registered_district_secretariat training_ever training_interest training_willing_to_pay reason_for_no_consulting_a reason_for_no_consulting_b reason_for_no_consulting_c reason_for_no_consulting_d job_expectation_5_years risk_attitude clear_sign business_location- totalscore income_lastweek expect_to_reselfemploy newbusiness_isic reason_changed_business choice_of_sector_1stimportant choice_of_sector_2ndimportant how_to_save_money free_to_spend_house free_to_spend_self statement_1 statement_2 statement_3 statement_4 statement_5 statement_6 statement_7 statement_8 statement_9 training_participate reason_no_training training_complete tech_training_participate decision_food decision_household_nondurables decision_your_clothes decision_childrens_clothes decision_durable_goods decision_childrens_education decision_alcohol decision_moneytoyour_momdad decision_moneytohis_momdad decision_business_equipment decision_reinvesting_profits train_food_prep train_beauty_culture train_sewing_clothes train_plant_nursery train_snack_prep train_yoghurt_making train_soap_making train_anyofabove business_line_changed business_line_loc_changed new_business_continue_old new_biz_continue_old_locchange still_in_business hours_worked_last_week hours_worked_normalweek diff_p total_assets_purchased total_assets_purchased_lessland loan_family loan_private_bank load_gov_bank loan_micro loan_dev_bank loan_samurdhi_bank loan_sanasa loan_dev_proj choice_of_sector_n choice_of_sector_o choice_of_sector_p money_for_personaluse moneycontrol_food moneycontrol_clothes moneycontrol_medicine moneycontrol_toiletries moneycontrol_leisure moneycontrol_savings moneycontrol_beautyculture moneycontrol_finance participate_in_training go_church go_market go_healthcenter go_friendhome go_parenthome go_relativehome go_dsoffice go_mc_uc_psoffice go_bank go_ownbusiness alone_church alone_market alone_healthcenter alone_friendhome alone_parenthome alone_relativehome alone_dsoffice alone_mc_uc_psoffice alone_bank alone_ownbusiness child5orless someonetolookafterkids talent atleastonetalent hhincome-gascooker interviewed currentbus wageworker startedbus startandstop multibus changedbusline bestmonthsales worstmonthsales fulltimeworkers parttimeworkers happiness* attitude* total_profits_monthbefore total_sales_monthbefore wageincome netKchange; #delimit cr drop raven1 raven2 raven3 raven4 raven5 raven6 raven7 raven8 raven9 raven10 raven11 raven12 diff_e diff_v diff_p save female_firms_srilanka1.dta, replace sort sheno round merge sheno using Currents\gender_treatment.dta, uniqusing sort sheno drop if _merge==2 drop _merge **************** move choice_of_sector_n choice_of_sector_1stimportant move choice_of_sector_o choice_of_sector_1stimportant move choice_of_sector_p choice_of_sector_1stimportant move participate_in_training alone_ownbusiness move round province move married round move tamil round move islam round move monthly_revenue_06 round move monthly_revenue_07 round move monthly_revenue_08 round move age round move round married move age married move raven monthly_revenue_06 move risk_attitude raven move digitspan raven move discount_rate1 raven move discount_rate2 raven move impulsiveness raven move tenacity raven move polychronicity raven move locusofcontrol raven move trust2 raven move trust trust2 move achievement raven move powermotivation raven move workcentrality raven move organization raven move optimism raven move raven impulsiveness move business_isic hours_looking_after_children move business_location_fixed hours_looking_after_children move business_from_scratch hours_looking_after_children move monthly_revenue_06 hours_looking_after_children move monthly_revenue_07 hours_looking_after_children move monthly_revenue_08 hours_looking_after_children move grama hours_looking_after_children move divisional hours_looking_after_children move district hours_looking_after_children move town hours_looking_after_children move province hours_looking_after_children move hours_looking_after_children alone_ownbusiness move hours_taking_children_to_school alone_ownbusiness move hours_caring_for_elderly alone_ownbusiness move hours_preparing_food alone_ownbusiness move hours_consuming_meals alone_ownbusiness move hours_cleaning_house alone_ownbusiness move hours_washing_clothes alone_ownbusiness move hours_household_chores alone_ownbusiness move hours_shopping alone_ownbusiness move hours_working_unpaid_for_family alone_ownbusiness move hours_working_unpaid_non_family alone_ownbusiness move hours_working_paid_non_family alone_ownbusiness move hours_working_paid_for_family alone_ownbusiness move opinion_money_in_hand alone_ownbusiness move opinion_requests_for_finance alone_ownbusiness move opinion_investing_in_machinery alone_ownbusiness move happiness_with_current_sector total_assets_owned move registered_pradeshyasaba total_assets_owned move registered_district_secretariat total_assets_owned move training_ever total_assets_owned move training_interest total_assets_owned move training_willing_to_pay total_assets_owned move reason_for_no_consulting_a total_assets_owned move reason_for_no_consulting_b total_assets_owned move reason_for_no_consulting_c total_assets_owned move reason_for_no_consulting_d total_assets_owned move job_expectation_5_years total_assets_owned move clear_sign total_assets_owned move business_location total_assets_owned move age_firm total_assets_owned move record_keeping total_assets_owned move employee_spouse total_assets_owned move p_spouse total_assets_owned move p_child total_assets_owned move p_sibling total_assets_owned move p_parent total_assets_owned move p_other_relative total_assets_owned move p_non_relative total_assets_owned move up_spouse total_assets_owned move up_child total_assets_owned move up_sibling total_assets_owned move up_parent total_assets_owned move up_other_relative total_assets_owned move up_non_relative total_assets_owned move paid_workers total_assets_owned move unpaid_workers total_assets_owned move main_person_responsible total_assets_owned move ever_had_loan total_assets_owned move currently_have_loan total_assets_owned move ds age move name age move trainingselected age move trainingoffered age move trainingaccepted age move cashgroup age move trainingcompleted age move qualifyforcashoffer age move household_income choice_of_sector_2ndimportant move total_profits choice_of_sector_2ndimportant move total_sales choice_of_sector_2ndimportant move total_expenses choice_of_sector_2ndimportant move cash_on_hand choice_of_sector_2ndimportant move value_current_inventories choice_of_sector_2ndimportant move inventories_at_business choice_of_sector_2ndimportant move total_assets_owned choice_of_sector_2ndimportant move newbusiness_isic business_isic move reason_changed_business business_isic move business_line_changed marketingscore move business_line_loc_changed marketingscore move new_business_continue_old marketingscore move new_biz_continue_old_locchange marketingscore move still_in_business marketingscore move hours_worked_last_week marketingscore move hours_worked_normalweek marketingscore move total_assets_purchased_lessland marketingscore move loan_family marketingscore move loan_private_bank marketingscore move load_gov_bank marketingscore move loan_micro marketingscore move loan_dev_bank marketingscore move loan_samurdhi_bank marketingscore move loan_sanasa marketingscore move loan_dev_proj marketingscore move total_assets_purchased marketingscore move total_assets_owned_less_land total_assets_owned move total_assets_purchased_lessland total_assets_owned move total_assets_owned_less_land total_assets_owned move total_assets_purchased total_assets_purchased_lessland move total_assets_sold total_assets_purchased move total_assets_sold_lessland total_assets_purchased tab value_current_inventories round save female_firms_srilanka1.dta, replace clear use female_firms_srilanka1.dta tsset sheno round foreach x in total_assets_owned value_current_inventories total_assets_purchased total_assets_sold value_current_inventories total_assets_owned_less_land total_assets_purchased_lessland total_assets_sold_lessland{ replace `x'=0 if `x'==. } * David code on Capital gen K=total_assets_owned + value_current_inventories if round==1 gen K_noland=total_assets_owned_less_land + value_current_inventories if round==1 gen A=total_assets_owned if round==1 gen A_noland=total_assets_owned_less_land if round==1 tsset sheno round replace A=L.A + total_assets_purchased - total_assets_sold if round>=2 replace A_noland=L.A_noland+total_assets_purchased_lessland - total_assets_sold_lessland if round>=2 replace A=L2.A + total_assets_purchased - total_assets_sold if round>=3 & L.A==. replace A_noland=L2.A_noland+total_assets_purchased_lessland - total_assets_sold_lessland if round>=3 & L.A_noland==. replace A=0 if A<=0 replace A_noland=0 if A_noland<=0 replace K=A+value_current_inventories if round>=2 replace K_noland=A_noland+value_current_inventories if round>=2 replace K=. if total_sales==. & (round==2 | round==3 | round==4|round==5) replace K_noland=. if total_sales==. & (round==2 | round==3 | round==4|round==5) replace A= L.A + total_assets_purchased - total_assets_sold if (round==4|round==5) & K==. & total_sales~=. replace K=A+value_current_inventories if (round==4|round==5) & K==. & total_sales~=. replace A_noland=L.A_noland+total_assets_purchased_lessland - total_assets_sold_lessland if (round==4|round==5) & K_noland==. & total_sales~=. replace K_noland=A_noland+value_current_inventories if (round==4|round==5) & K_noland==. & total_sales~=. bysort round: sum K K_noland total_sales save female_firms_srilanka1.dta, replace ********************************************************************************************* ******** ANALYSIS *********************************************************************** ****************************************************************************************** **** Generate Principal Component of Wealth that uses same weights on potentials and current clear matrix use female_firms_srilanka1.dta, clear gen inbaseline=1 if round==1 egen minbaseline=max(inbaseline), by(sheno) keep if minbaseline==1 drop if treatgroup==. keep if round==1 keep sheno fridge-gascooker gen current=1 save wealthdatacurrentpca.dta, replace use Potentials\R1_potential.dta, clear gen fridge=q3_13_2==1 gen sewingmachine=q3_13_4==1 gen oven=q3_13_9==1 gen poorat12=q3_9==1 gen iron=q3_13_1==1 gen fan=q3_13_3==1 gen radio=q3_13_5==1 gen tv=q3_13_6==1 gen motorcycle=q3_13_7==1 gen car=q3_13_8==1 gen gascooker=q3_13_10==1 keep sheno fridge-gascooker gen current=0 save wealthdatapotentialpca.dta, replace append using wealthdatacurrentpca.dta pca fridge-gascooker predict wealthindex keep sheno wealthindex current fridge-gascooker sort sheno save wealthdatawithindex.dta, replace use wealthdatawithindex.dta keep if current==1 sort sheno save wealthindexcurrent.dta, replace use wealthdatawithindex.dta keep if current==0 sort sheno save wealthindexpotential.dta, replace ***************************** clear matrix use female_firms_srilanka1.dta, clear gen inbaseline=1 if round==1 egen minbaseline=max(inbaseline), by(sheno) keep if minbaseline==1 cap drop _merge sort sheno merge sheno using wealthindexcurrent.dta * Restrict to those who were in baseline (others are current enterprises from previous potentials) keep if minbaseline==1 drop if treatgroup==. for var trainingselected trainingoffered trainingaccepted trainingcompleted qualifyforcashoffer: replace X=0 if X==. *** Inflation data (CCPI) gen cpi=131.2 if round==1 replace cpi=134.7 if round==2 replace cpi=137.8 if round==3 replace cpi=141.4 if round==4 replace cpi=151.5 if round==5 gen inflatadj=1 if round==1 replace inflatadj=131.2/134.7 if round==2 replace inflatadj=131.2/137.8 if round==3 replace inflatadj=131.2/141.4 if round==4 replace inflatadj=131.2/151.5 if round==5 gen atrain=0 replace atrain=1 if (treatgroup==2) & round>=2 gen acash=0 replace acash=1 if treatgroup==3 & round>=2 gen evertrain=0 replace evertrain=1 if treatgroup==2 gen evercash=0 replace evercash=1 if treatgroup==3 for num 2/5: gen waveX=round==X gen realprofits=total_profits*inflatadj gen realsales=total_sales*inflatadj gen realK=K_noland*inflatadj gen logprof=log(realprofits) sum realprofits, de gen baselineprof=realprofits if round==1 egen mbaseprof=max(baselineprof), by(sheno) gen prof_truncated=realprofits replace prof_truncated=50228 if realprofits>50228 & realprofits~=. gen logproftrunc=log(prof_truncated) gen baselinelprof=logprof if round==1 egen mbaselprof=max(baselinelprof), by(sheno) gen K_trunc=realK replace K_trunc=332139 if realK>=332139 & realK~=. gen logsales=log(realsales) gen sales_trunc=realsales replace sales_trunc=340905.7 if realsales>=340905.7 & realsales~=. gen baselinesales=realsales if round==1 egen mbasesales=max(baselinesales), by(sheno) gen baselinelsales=logsales if round==1 egen mbaselsales=max(baselinelsales), by(sheno) *** Test attrition balanced areg interviewed evercash evertrain if round==5, a(groupnum) *** Testing Survival, Wage Worker, Interviewed, Reports Profits gen reportsprofits=realprofits~=. gen control=evercash==0 & evertrain==0 foreach var in interviewed currentbus wageworker reportsprofits changedbusline { areg `var' evercash evertrain if round==5, a(groupnum) outreg2 evercash evertrain using survivaltable.out, append sum `var' if control==1 & round==5 } *** TABLE 1: CHARACTERISTICS BY TREATMENT GROUP for var married ever_had_loan: replace X=0 if X==2 replace children=0 if children==. & married==0 gen years_edn=education_level if education_level<=13 replace years_edn=0 if education_level==18 replace years_edn=years_formal_education if years_formal_education~=. gen colombo=district==43|district==44 gen kandy=district==40|district==46 replace colombo=. if round>1 replace kandy=. if round>1 *** Means by treatment group bysort treatgroup: sum total_profits someonetolook colombo kandy age married children years_edn risk_attitude digitspan raven hhincome wealthindex fridge sewingmachine oven gascooker age_firm ever_had_loan total_sales K_noland K_trunc totalscore if round==1 *collapse (mean) total_profits someonetolook colombo kandy age married children years_edn risk_attitude digitspan raven hhincome wealthindex fridge sewingmachine oven gascooker age_firm ever_had_loan total_sales K_noland K_trunc totalscore if round==1, by(treatgroup) ** test of equality p-values foreach var in total_profits someonetolook colombo kandy age married children years_edn risk_attitude digitspan raven hhincome wealthindex fridge sewingmachine oven gascooker age_firm ever_had_loan total_sales K_noland K_trunc totalscore { reg `var' evercash evertrain if round==1, robust test evercash==evertrain==0 } * BUSINESS PRACTICES - note: not asked in wave 3 gen baselinetscore=totalscore if round==1 egen mbasetscore=max(baselinetscore), by(sheno) gen basemarketing=marketingscore if round==1 egen mbasemarket=max(basemarketing), by(sheno) gen basestock=stockscore if round==1 egen mbasestock=max(basestock), by(sheno) gen baserecord=recordscore if round==1 egen mbaserecord=max(baserecord), by(sheno) gen baseplanning=planningscore if round==1 egen mbaseplanning=max(baseplanning), by(sheno) * TABLE 2: IMPACT ON BUSINESS PRACTICES for var marketing stockscore recordscore planningscore: replace X=. if totalscore==. *** ITT Effects * round 2, round 4, and round 5 areg totalscore acash atrain mbasetscore wave2-wave4 if (round==2), a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table2.out, replace areg totalscore acash atrain mbasetscore wave2-wave4 if (round==4), a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table2.out, append areg totalscore acash atrain mbasetscore wave2-wave5 if (round==5), a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table2.out, append sum mbasetscore if e(sample) * Rounds pooled areg totalscore acash atrain mbasetscore wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table2.out, append areg marketing acash atrain mbasemarket wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table2.out, append areg stockscore acash atrain mbasestock wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table2.out, append areg recordscore acash atrain mbaserecord wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaserecord using Table2.out, append areg planningscore acash atrain mbaseplanning wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaserecord using Table2.out, append *** TOT Effects cap drop cashcomplete traincomplete evercashcomplete evertraincomplete gen cashcomplete=acash==1 & trainingaccepted==1 gen traincomplete=atrain==1 & trainingaccepted==1 gen evercashcomplete=evercash==1 & trainingaccepted==1 gen evertraincomplete=evertrain==1 & trainingaccepted==1 set more off xi: ivreg2 totalscore (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbasetscore wave2-wave4 i.groupnum if (round==2), cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table2_1.out, replace xi: ivreg2 totalscore (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbasetscore wave2-wave4 i.groupnum if (round==4), cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table2_1.out, append xi: ivreg2 totalscore (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbasetscore wave2-wave4 i.groupnum if (round==5), cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table2_1.out, append xi: ivreg2 totalscore (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbasetscore wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if (round>=2), cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table2_1.out, append xi: ivreg2 marketing (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbasemarket wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if (round>=2), cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table2_1.out, append xi: ivreg2 stockscore (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbasestock wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if (round>=2), cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table2_1.out, append xi: ivreg2 recordscore (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaserecord wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if (round>=2), cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table2_1.out, append xi: ivreg2 planningscore (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaseplanning wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if (round>=2), cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table2_1.out, append * TABLE 3: IMPACTS ON PROFITS, SALES AND CAPITAL STOCK * PANEL A: PROFITS ** ITT * All rounds areg realprofits acash atrain mbaseprof wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table3a.out, replace areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table3a.out, append areg logprof acash atrain mbaselprof wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table3a.out, append * Round by round areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof wave2-wave5 if round==2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table3a.out, append areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof wave2-wave5 if round==3, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table3a.out, append areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof wave2-wave5 if round==4, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table3a.out, append areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof wave2-wave5 if round==5, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table3a.out, append ** TOT set more off xi: ivreg2 realprofits (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaseprof wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if round>=2, cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table3a1.out, replace xi: ivreg2 prof_truncated (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaseprof wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if round>=2, cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table3a1.out, append xi: ivreg2 logprof (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaselprof wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if round>=2, cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaselprof using Table3a1.out, append xi: ivreg2 prof_truncated (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaseprof wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if round==2, cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table3a1.out, append xi: ivreg2 prof_truncated (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaseprof wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if round==3, cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table3a1.out, append xi: ivreg2 prof_truncated (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaseprof wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if round==4, cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table3a1.out, append xi: ivreg2 prof_truncated (cashcomplete traincomplete = acash atrain) mbaseprof wave2-wave5 i.groupnum if round==5, cluster(sheno) outreg2 cashcomplete traincomplete mbaseprof using Table3a1.out, append *** Figure 2A and 2B: CDFs of Profits * 2A: Round 2 cumul realprofits if (round==2) & control==1, gen(cum1mb) equal cumul realprofits if (round==2) & evercash==1, gen(cum2mb) equal cumul realprofits if (round==2) & evertrain==1, gen(cum3mb) equal label var cum1mb "Control" label var cum2mb "Cash" label var cum3mb "Training only" sort realprofits twoway line cum1mb cum2mb cum3mb realprofits if (round==2) & realprofits<100000 * Round 5 cumul realprofits if (round==5) & control==1, gen(cum1me) equal cumul realprofits if (round==5) & evercash==1, gen(cum2me) equal cumul realprofits if (round==5) & evertrain==1, gen(cum3me) equal label var cum1me "Control" label var cum2me "Cash" label var cum3me "Training only" sort realprofits twoway line cum1me cum2me cum3me realprofits if (round==5) & realprofits<100000 ** PANEL B: MONTHLY SALES * ITT areg realsales acash atrain mbasesales wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) sum mbasesales if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbasesales using Table3b.out, replace areg sales_trunc acash atrain mbasesales wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbasesales using Table3b.out, append areg logsales acash atrain mbaselsales wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) sum mbaselsales if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaselsales using Table3b.out, append areg sales_trunc acash atrain mbasesales wave2-wave5 if round==2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbasesales using Table3b.out, append areg sales_trunc acash atrain mbasesales wave2-wave5 if round==3, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbasesales using Table3b.out, append areg sales_trunc acash atrain mbasesales wave2-wave5 if round==4, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbasesales using Table3b.out, append areg sales_trunc acash atrain mbasesales wave2-wave5 if round==5, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbasesales using Table3b.out, append * PANEL C: CAPITAL STOCK (EXCLUDING LAND AND BUILDINGS) gen logK=log(K_noland) gen baselineK=K_noland if round==1 egen mbaseK=max(baselineK), by(sheno) gen baselinelK=logK if round==1 egen mbaselK=max(baselinelK), by(sheno) * ITT areg realK acash atrain mbaseK wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseK using Table3c.out, replace areg K_trunc acash atrain mbaseK wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseK using Table3c.out, append areg logK acash atrain mbaselK wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaselK using Table3c.out, append areg K_trunc acash atrain mbaseK wave2-wave5 if round==2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseK using Table3c.out, append areg K_trunc acash atrain mbaseK wave2-wave5 if round==3, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseK using Table3c.out, append areg K_trunc acash atrain mbaseK wave2-wave5 if round==4, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseK using Table3c.out, append areg K_trunc acash atrain mbaseK wave2-wave5 if round==5, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain mbaseK using Table3c.out, append * IS ALL THE effect through capital? areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using Table5.out, replace areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof K_trunc wave2-wave5 if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) outreg2 acash atrain K_trunc using Table5.out, append areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof K_trunc wave2-wave5 if round==2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) outreg2 acash atrain K_trunc using Table5.out, append areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof K_trunc wave2-wave5 if round==3, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) outreg2 acash atrain K_trunc using Table5.out, append **** Panel D - hours worked *** Impact on hours worked in last week gen baselinehrs=hours_worked_last_week if round==1 egen mbasehrs=max(baselinehrs), by(sheno) gen mbasehrs_trunc=mbasehrs replace mbasehrs_trunc=100 if mbasehrs>100 & mbasehrs~=. gen hours_trunc=hours_worked_last_week replace hours_trunc=100 if hours_trunc>100 & hours_trunc~=. gen loghours=log(hours_worked_last_week) gen baselhours=loghours if round==1 egen mbaselhours=max(loghours), by(sheno) areg hours_worked_last_week acash atrain wave2-wave5 mbasehrs if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) sum mbasehrs if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain using hours.out, replace areg hours_trunc acash atrain wave2-wave5 mbasehrs_trunc if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) sum mbasehrs_trunc if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain using hours.out, append areg loghours acash atrain wave2-wave5 mbaselhours if round>=2, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) sum mbaselhours if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain using hours.out, append areg hours_trunc acash atrain wave2-wave5 mbasehrs_trunc if round==2, a(groupnum) robust sum mbasehrs if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain using hours.out, append areg hours_trunc acash atrain wave2-wave5 mbasehrs_trunc if round==3, a(groupnum) robust sum mbasehrs if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain using hours.out, append areg hours_trunc acash atrain wave2-wave5 mbasehrs_trunc if round==4, a(groupnum) robust sum mbasehrs if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain using hours.out, append areg hours_trunc acash atrain wave2-wave5 mbasehrs_trunc if round==5, a(groupnum) robust sum mbasehrs if e(sample) test acash==atrain outreg2 acash atrain using hours.out, append **** Appendix Table 2: Is effect due to better record-keeping? areg prof_truncated acash atrain mbaseprof mbaserecord wave4 wave5 if round>=4, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof using appendixrecords.out, replace areg prof_truncated acash atrain recordscore mbaseprof mbaserecord wave4 wave5 if round>=4, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) outreg2 acash atrain mbaseprof recordscore using appendixrecords.out, append gen realexpenses=total_expenses*inflatadj gen revenueminusexpenses=realsales-realexpenses gen absdiff=abs(realprof-revenueminusexpenses) gen absdiff_trunc=absdiff replace absdiff_trunc=128255.6 if absdiff>128255.6 & absdiff~=. areg absdiff_trunc acash atrain wave4 wave5 if round>=4, a(groupnum) cluster(sheno) outreg2 acash atrain using appendixrecords.out, append