Young Lives: An International Study of Childhood Poverty 2013-2014
Round 4

Ethiopia, India, Peru...and 1 more, 2013 - 2014

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Reference ID

WLD_2013-2014_YLSCP-R4_v01_M

Producer(s)

Boyden, J.

Collection(s)

Fragility, Conflict and Violence

Metadata

Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON

Study website

Created on

Jun 06, 2016

Last modified

Oct 26, 2023

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19562

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30088

Identification

Survey ID number

WLD_2013-2014_YLSCP-R4_v01_M

Title

Young Lives: An International Study of Childhood Poverty 2013-2014

Subtitle

Round 4

Country/Economy

Name	Country code
Ethiopia	ETH
India	IND
Peru	PER
Viet Nam	VNM

Study type

Other Household Survey [hh/oth]

Series Information

The Young Lives study, which began in 2002, is an innovative long-term project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries. The purpose of the project is to improve understanding of the causes and consequences of childhood poverty and examine how policies affect children's well-being, in order to inform the development of future policy and to target child welfare interventions more effectively. The study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India (in the Andhra Pradesh state), Peru and Vietnam. It is sponsored by the Department for International Development and conducted by the Young Lives team based at the University of Oxford.

The Young Lives study aims to track the lives of 12,000 children over a 15-year period, surveyed once every 3-4 years.

Round 1 of Young Lives surveyed two groups of children in each country, at 1 year old and 5 years old.
Round 2 returned to the same children who were then aged 5 and 12 years old.
Round 3 surveyed the same children again at aged 7-8 years and 14-15 years, and
Round 4 surveyed them at 12 and 19 years old. Thus the younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood, when some will become parents themselves.

Abstract

The Young Lives survey is an innovative long-term project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries. The purpose of the project is to improve understanding of the causes and consequences of childhood poverty and examine how policies affect children's well-being, in order to inform the development of future policy and to target child welfare interventions more effectively. The study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India (in Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These countries were selected because they reflect a range of cultural, geographical and social contexts and experience differing issues facing the developing world; high debt burden, emergence from conflict, and vulnerability to environmental conditions such as drought and flood.

The survey consists of three main elements: a child questionnaire, a household questionnaire and a community questionnaire. The household data gathered is similar to other cross-sectional datasets (such as the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study). It covers a range of topics such as household composition, livelihood and assets, household expenditure, child health and access to basic services, and education. This is supplemented with additional questions that cover caregiver perceptions, attitudes, and aspirations for their child and the family. Young Lives also collects detailed time-use data for all family members, information about the child's weight and height (and that of caregivers), and tests the children for school outcomes (language comprehension and mathematics). An important element of the survey asks the children about their daily activities, their experiences and attitudes to work and school, their likes and dislikes, how they feel they are treated by other people, and their hopes and aspirations for the future. The community questionnaire provides background information about the social, economic and environmental context of each community. It covers topics such as ethnicity, religion, economic activity and employment, infrastructure and services, political representation and community networks, crime and environmental changes. The Young Lives survey is carried out by teams of local researchers, supported by the Principal Investigator and Data Manager in each country.

Further information about the survey, including publications, can be downloaded from the <a href="http://www.younglives.org.uk/" title="Young Lives">Young Lives</a> website.

Kind of Data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Unit of Analysis

Individuals
Families/households
Data are also gathered at Community and Mini-Community level.

Scope

Notes

The scope of the Young Lives Survey includes the following:

Older Cohort Household: Parental background; Household and child education; Livelihoods and asset framework; Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure; Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history; Socio-economic status.
Older Cohort Child: Parents and Caregiver update; Mobility; Subjective well-being; Education; Employment, earnings, and time-use; Feelings and attitudes; Household decision-making; Marital and living arrangements; Fertility; Anthropometry; Health and nutrition.
Older Cohort Cognitive Tests: Mathematics test; Reading comprehension test.
Older Cohort Individual: Relationship with parents, Smoking, Violence, Alcohol, Sexual behaviour
Younger Cohort Household: Parental background; Household and child education; Livelihoods and asset framework; Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure; Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history; Socio-economic status, Health; Anthropometry (for the study child and a sibling); Caregiver perceptions and attitudes.
Younger Cohort Child: Schooling; Time-use; Health; Social networks; Feelings and attitudes.
Younger Cohort Cognitive Tests: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (administered to the study child and a sibling); Mathematics test; Reading comprehension test. In Ethiopia and Peru only: a computerised cognitive skill (Executive Functioning) test administered on touch-screen tablet computers for the study child and a younger sibling. In Ethiopia only an additional English and Amharic reading test.
Community: General characteristics of the locality; Social environment; Access to services; Economy; Local prices; Social protection; Educational services; Health services; Migration.

Topics

Topic
General - Education
General - Employment and labour
Youth - Social stratification and groupings
General - Health
Housing
Agriculture, forestry and rural industry - Industry and management
Time use - Society and culture
Family life and marriage - Social stratification and groupings
Use and provision of specific social services - Social welfare policy and systems

Keywords

2013 2014 ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICES ACCIDENTS ADULT EDUCATION AGE AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AGRICULTURE ALIMONY ANDHRA PRADESH ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA ARABLE FARMING ASPIRATION ATTITUDES AUTHORITY BIRTH WEIGHT BREAST-FEEDING BUILDING MAINTENANCE BULLYING CARE OF DEPENDANTS CAREGIVERS CASTE CHILD CARE CHILD LABOUR CHILD PSYCHOLOGY CHILD WORKERS CHILDBIRTH CHILDREN CHRONIC ILLNESS COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY ACTION COMMUNITY BEHAVIOUR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION CONSCRIPTION CONSUMER GOODS COST OF LIVING COSTS CREDIT CROP YIELDS CROPS CULTURAL GOODS DAY NURSERIES DEATH DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS DEBTS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES DIET AND NUTRITION DISABILITIES DISASTERS DOMESTIC APPLIANCES DOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIES ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EDUCATIONAL CHOICE EDUCATIONAL FEES EDUCATIONAL TESTS ELECTRIC POWER EMOTIONAL STATES EMPLOYEES ETHIOPIA ETHNIC GROUPS FAMILIES FAMILY LIFE FAMILY MEMBERS FARM VEHICLES FATHERS FERTILIZERS FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOOD AID FOOD SHORTAGES FOOD FRIENDS FUELS FURNITURE GENDER GIFTS GROUPS HANDICRAFTS HEALTH HEATING SYSTEMS HEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY) HOME OWNERSHIP HOME-GROWN FOODS HOMEWORK HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING CONSTRUCTION HOUSING IMPROVEMENT IMMUNIZATION IMPRISONMENT INCOME INDIA INDUSTRIES INFANTS INJURIES INTERNET ACCESS KITCHENS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LANGUAGE SKILLS LANGUAGES USED AT HOME LAVATORIES LEARNING LIFE EVENTS LIFE SATISFACTION LITERACY LIVESTOCK LIVING CONDITIONS MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGE DISSOLUTION MEALS MEDICAL CARE MEMBERSHIP MOBILE PHONES MORTGAGES MOTHER TONGUE MOTHERS MOTOR VEHICLES NUMERACY ORGANIZATIONS PARENTS PAYMENTS PERSONAL FINANCE MANAGEMENT PERU POPULATION MIGRATION POVERTY PREGNANCY PREMATURE BIRTHS PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS PUBLIC WORKS PURCHASING QUALITY OF LIFE RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY RESPONSIBILITY ROOMS RURAL AREAS SATISFACTION SCHOOL PUNISHMENTS SCHOOLCHILDREN SCHOOLS SELLING SEXUAL AWARENESS SIBLINGS SINGLE-SEX SCHOOLS SLEEP SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL CLASS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS SOCIAL SKILLS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSES STANDARD OF LIVING STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS (BUILDINGS) STUDENT ATTITUDE STUDENT BEHAVIOUR STUDENT TRANSPORTATION TELEPHONES TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT THEFT TIME BUDGETS TRADE UNION MEMBERSHIP TRANSPORT FARES TRAVELLING TIME TRUANCY TRUST TUTORING UNITS OF MEASUREMENT URBAN AREAS VIET NAM VOTING BEHAVIOUR WATER POLLUTION WATER SERVICES (BUILDINGS) WEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY) WOMEN YOUTH

Coverage

Geographic Coverage

Ethiopia - National Coverage
India - Andhra Pradesh only
Peru - National Coverage
Vietnam - National Coverage

Geographic Unit

Community and Mini-Community level.

Universe

Cross-national; Subnational
Children aged 12 years old, children aged 19 years old, and the households of both sets, in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These children were originally interviewed in Rounds 1-3 of the study.

Producers and sponsors

Primary investigators

Name	Affiliation
Boyden, J.	University of Oxford. Young Lives

Producers

Name	Affiliation
Woldehanna, T.	Ethiopian Development Research Institute
Galab, S.	Centre for Economic and Social Studies (CESS) (India)
Sanchez, A.	Grupo de Analisis para el Desarollo (GRADE) (Peru)
Penny, M.	Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional (IIN) (Peru)
Duc, L.T.	Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (CAF-VASS). Centre for Analysis and Forecast

Funding Agency/Sponsor

Name
Department for International Development

Sampling

Sampling Procedure

Number of units: Ethiopia: 1,875 (12-year-olds), 908 (19-year-olds); India: 1,915 (12-year-olds), 952 (19-year-olds); Peru: 1,902 (12-year-olds), 635 (19-year-olds); Vietnam: 1,932 (12-year-olds), 887 (19-year-olds)
More detailed information on survey design and sampling is available at http://www.younglives.org.uk/content/our-research-methods

Weighting

No weighting used.

Survey instrument

Questionnaires

The Older Cohort Household Questionnaire (age 19) includes sections on:

Parental background; Household and child education
Livelihoods and asset framework
Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure
Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history
Socio-economic status

The Older Cohort Child Questionnaire (age 19) includes sections on:

Parents and Caregiver update; Mobility
Subjective well-being
Education
Employment, earnings, and time-use
Feelings and attitudes
Household decision-making
Marital and living arrangements
Fertility; Anthropometry
Health and nutrition

The Older Cohort Cognitive Tests (age 19) includes

Mathematics test
Reading comprehension test

The Older Cohort Self-Administered Questionnaire (age 19) includes sections on:

Relationship with parents
Smoking, Violence, Alcohol, Sexual behaviour (administered in Peru only)

The Younger Cohort Household Questionnaire (age 12) includes sections on:

Parental background
Household and child education
Livelihoods and asset framework
Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure
Social capital
Economic changes and recent life history
Socio-economic status
Health
Anthropometry (for the study child and a sibling)
Caregiver perceptions and attitudes

The Younger Cohort Child Questionnaire (age 12) includes sections on:

Schooling
Time-us
Health
Social networks
Feelings and attitudes

The Younger Cohort Cognitive Tests (age 12) include:

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (administered to the study child and a sibling)
Mathematics test
Reading comprehension test. In Ethiopia and Peru only: a computerised cognitive skill (Executive Functioning) test administered on touch-screen tablet computers for the study child and a younger sibling. In Ethiopia only an additional English and Amharic reading test.

The Community Questionnaire (administered in the main communities where Young Lives children live) includes sections on:

General characteristics of the locality
Social environment
Access to services; Economy
Local prices
Social protection
Educational services
Health services; Migration

The Mini-community questionnaire (administered in communities into which one or study children moved) includes sections on:

General characteristics of the locality
Social environment
Access to Services
Economy
Local prices

Data collection

Dates of Data Collection

Start	End
2013-06-01	2014-03-01

Time Method

Longitudinal/panel/cohort

It is intended that data will be collected once every three or four years.

Data Collectors

Name	Affiliation
Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional	Peru
General Statistics Office of Viet Nam	Vietnam
Centre for Economic and Social Studies	India
Ethiopian Development Research Institute	Ethiopia

Access policy

Access conditions

Licensed Datasets: The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data/how-to-access/conditions or further information.

Acknowledgement: The depositor has supplied the following text for users as an example of the acknowledgement that should be used in publications resulting from use of the Young Lives study: "The data used in this publication come from Young Lives, a 15-year survey investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam, based at the University of Oxford. Young Lives is core funded by the UK Department for International Development. The views expressed here are those of the author(s). They are not necessarily those of the Young Lives project, the University of Oxford, DFID or other funders."

Restrictions

The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See terms and conditions of access for further information.

Citation requirements

All works which use or refer to these materials should acknowledge these sources by means of data citation. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for citation indexes, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The citation for this data collection is:
Boyden, J., Woldehanna, T., Galab, S., Sanchez, A., Penny, M., Duc, L.T. (2016). Young Lives: an International Study of Childhood Poverty: Round 4, 2013-2014. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 7931, http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7931-1.

Access authority

Name	URL
UK Data Service

Deposit requirements

Location of Data Collection

UK Data Service

Archive where study is originally stored

UK Data Archive

Cost: None

Special Permissions

Indicate if special permissions are required to access a resource	Special permissions description
yes	Safeguarded

Depositor information

Depositor

Name	Affiliation
Solon,A.	University of Oxford. Young Lives

Distributor information

Distributor

Organization name
UK Data Service

Disclaimer and copyrights

Disclaimer

Although all efforts are made to ensure the quality of the materials, neither the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the data collections, nor the UK Data Archive, nor the UK Data Service bear any responsibility for the accuracy or comprehensiveness of these materials.
File last updated: 6 April 2016

Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland

Contacts

Name	URL
UK Data Service

Metadata production

DDI Document ID

DDI_WLD_2013-2014_YLSCP-R4_v02_M_WB