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Women’s Labor Force Participation in Nepal 2023: An Exploration of The Role of Social Norms

Nepal, 2023
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Reference ID
NPL_2023_WLFP_v01_M
Producer(s)
World Bank
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Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON
Created on
Jun 06, 2024
Last modified
Jun 06, 2024
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Data file: npl_sn_regress.dta

Individual level data

Cases: 2000
Variables: 484

Variables

M3C
Women don't/shouldn't work outside: SNE
M3D
Women don't/shouldn't go outside unaccompanied: SNE
M3E
Women working outside for pay brings dishonor: SNE
M3F
Women working outside for pay exposes them to harassment: SNE
M3G
Women don't/shouldn't leave children: SNE
M3H
Women don't/shouldn't work in mixed-gender: SNE
M4A
A woman's primary responsibility taking care of hh: SEE
M4B
Financially providing solely a man's responsibility: SEE
M4C
Women don't/shouldn't work outside: SEE
M4D
Women don't/shouldn't go outside unaccompanied: SEE
M4E
Women working outside for pay brings dishonor: SEE
M4F
Women working outside for pay exposes them to harassment: SEE
M4G
Women don't/shouldn't leave children: SEE
M4H
Women don't/shouldn't work in mixed-gender: SEE
M5A
A woman's primary responsibility taking care of hh: Sanc.
M5B
Financially providing solely a man's responsibility: Sanc.
M5C
Women don't/shouldn't work outside: Sanc.
M5D
Women don't/shouldn't go outside unaccompanied: Sanc.
M5G
Women don't/shouldn't leave children: Sanc.
M5H
Women don't/shouldn't work in mixed-gender: Sanc.
M5Abin
A woman's primary responsibility taking care of hh: Sanc.
M5Bbin
Financially providing solely a man's responsibility: Sanc.
M5Cbin
Women don't/shouldn't work outside: Sanc.
M5Dbin
Women don't/shouldn't go outside unaccompanied: Sanc.
M5Gbin
Women don't/shouldn't leave children: Sanc.
M5Hbin
Women don't/shouldn't work in mixed-gender: Sanc.
M6A
Aspirations: Daughter work outside
M6B
Aspirations: Married daughter work outside
M6C
Aspirations: Daughter with children work outside
M6D
Aspirations: Daughter-in-law work outside
M6E
Aspirations: Daughter-in-law with children work outside
binM6A
Aspirations: Daughter work outside
binM6B
Aspirations: Married daughter work outside
binM6C
Aspirations: Daughter with children work outside
binM6D
Aspirations: Daughter-in-law work outside
binM6E
Aspirations: Daughter-in-law with children work outside
rgextent_le_spouse
Life events opinion: Spouse EXTENT
rgextent_le_hhfam
Life events opinion: HH members EXTENT
rgextent_le_othfam
Life events opinion: Non-HH family EXTENT
rgextent_le_comm
Life events opinion: Community EXTENT
rgextent_le_othfam_fam
Life events opinion: Non-HH family EXTENT for HH members
rgextent_le_comm_fam
Life events opinion: Community EXTENT for HH members
rgextent_pw_spouse
Paid work outside opinion: Spouse EXTENT
rgextent_pw_hhfam
Paid work outside opinion: HH members EXTENT
rgextent_pw_othfam
Paid work outside opinion: Non-HH family EXTENT
rgextent_pw_comm
Paid work outside opinion: Community EXTENT
rgextent_pw_othfam_fam
Paid work outside opinion: Non-HH family EXTENT for HH members
rgextent_pw_comm_fam
Paid work outside opinion: Community EXTENT for HH members
N1__1
is married :PNB
N1__2
has children under 5 looked after by family :PNB
N1__3
has children under 5 looked after by non-family :PNB
N1__4
has non-working no-income husband :PNB
N1__5
has working husband previously unemployed :PNB
N1__6
is unable to keep up with all household tasks w/o help :PNB
N1__7
returns home from work after 5 pm :PNB
N1__8
has migrant husband no remittances :PNB
N1__9
works in a government job :PNB
N1__10
is well educated :PNB
N1__11
has workplace not close to home :PNB
N1__12
has job that pays very well :PNB
N1__13
has to occasionally travel for work outside village/city :PNB
N1__14
has physically demanding job :PNB
N1__15
works in a hotel/restaurant :PNB
N2__1
is married :SNE
N2__2
has children under 5 looked after by family :SNE
N2__3
has children under 5 looked after by non-family :SNE
N2__4
has non-working no-income husband :SNE
N2__5
has working husband previously unemployed :SNE
N2__6
is unable to keep up with all household tasks w/o help :SNE
N2__7
returns home from work after 5 pm :SNE
N2__8
has migrant husband no remittances :SNE
N2__9
works in a government job :SNE
N2__10
is well educated :SNE
N2__11
has workplace not close to home :SNE
N2__12
has job that pays very well :SNE
N2__13
has to occasionally travel for work outside village/city :SNE
N2__14
has physically demanding job :SNE
N2__15
works in a hotel/restaurant :SNE
S1
It is sometimes hard for me to go on with my work if I am not encouraged
S2
I sometimes feel resentful when I don’t get my way
S3
On a few occasions, I have given up doing something because I thought too little
S4
There have been times when I felt like rebelling against people in authority eve
S5
No matter who I’m talking to, I’m always a good listener
S6
There have been occasions when I took advantage of someone
S7
I’m always willing to admit it when I make a mistake
S8
I sometimes try to get even rather than forgive and forget
S9
I am always courteous, even to people who are disagreeable
S10
I have never been irked when people expressed ideas very different from my own
S11
There have been times when I was quite jealous of the good fortune of others
S12
I am sometimes irritated by people who ask favors of me
S13
I have deliberately said something that hurt someone’s feelings
comments
Comments from enumerators
notes
NOTES FOR OUTLIER
ever_migrated_male
Dummy for male ever migrated, domestic or int.
ever_migrated_spouse
Dummy for spouse ever migrated, domestic or int.
migrationstatus_spouse_dummy
Dummy for migration status of spouse
yearsince2023_stopwork
Number of years as of 2023 since respondent stopped working, if not currently wo
work30_marriedfem
Worked in past 30 days: Self if female, wife's status if male
paidwork30_marriedfem
Paid work in past 30 days: Self if fem, wife's if male
workedever_marriedfem
Ever worked: Self if female, wife's status if male
work_location_marriedfem
Location of job: Self if female, wife's location if male
lookforwork_marriedfem
Looking for work: Self if female, wife's status if male
working_fem
Indicator for female (self/wife of male) worked in past 30 days
paidwork_fem
Indicator for female (self/wife of male) worked for pay in past 30 days
lookforwork_fem
Indicator for female (self/wife of male) looking for work
working_dependvar
Female (self/wife of male) worked last 30 days or looking for work
worklocation_fem
Female's (self/wife of male) location of current or last job
flfp_outcome
Female works for pay outside the home (Individual Behavior)
female
Respondent is female
age_sq
Respodent's age in years, squared
age_35
Indicator for age 35 years or above
educ_years
years of education, derived from education level
educ_yrs_f
years of education for females, derived from education level
educ_yrs_m
bagmati
Respondent lives in Bagmati province
madheshi
Respodent belongs to Madheshi (non-Dalit) ethnic group
urban
Respondent lives in urban area
inc_hh
Household's total income (NPR)
log_totinc_hh
Log of household's total income (NPR)
log_totinc_hhlessfem
Log of household's total income less working females' earned income (NPR)
count_children
Number of respondent's children
count_children_female
Number of respondent's female children
count_children_male
Number of respondent's male children
count_childrenunder5
Number of respondent's children under 5 years
count_childrenunder18
Number of respondent's children under 18 years
count_adolesgirls
Number of adolescent girls in respondent's HH
count_females10plusnotwork
Number of other females (adolescents or older) in respondent's HH who are not wo
count_workingage
Number of working-age (>=18 & <=59) HH members
count_workingagefem
Number of female working-age (>=18 & <=59) HH members
count_workingagemale
Number of male working-age (>=18 & <=59) HH members
count_lf_s_fem
Number of female working-age (>=18 & <=59) HH members in labor force inc. study
count_lf_fem
Number of female working-age (>=18 & <=59) HH members in labor force
count_lf_s_male
Number of male working-age (>=18 & <=59) HH members in labor force inc. study
count_lf_male
Number of male working-age (>=18 & <=59) HH members in labor force
MaleHHhead
Indicator for a male member as head of HH
MIL
Mother-in-law lives in the HH
FIL
Father-in-law lives in the HH
PIL
At least one among MIL and FIL live in the HH
child_under5
Indicator for respondent having child younger than 5 years
child_under18
Indicator for respondent having child younger than 18 years
chcare_use
Indicator for use of childcare options when working
ever_worked_fem
Indicator for female (self/wife of male) ever worked
ease_jobsearch
Exp. job search duration<=2 mnths for not working or ever worked
ease_jobsearch_2mnths
Dummy for women who took <= 2 months to find a job (current or last)
job_srch_res_nonet
Respondent is aware of non-network methods of job search
job_srch_mthd_nonet
Respodent used non-network methods to find job (curret or last)
transport
Transportation to work is acessible &/or safe &/or convenient
travel_sac
Safe/accesible/convenient trasport to work, inc. 1 if wfh
written_contract
Had written contract for those not working but looking for work
written_agreement
Respodent has/had written work agreement
work_written_contract
Has written agreement for work
duration_agreement_1yr
Respodent's work agreement duration is/was at least 1 year
oth_fem_hh_lf_num
Number of other working-age women in HH in labor force (ex. studying)
oth_fem_hh_lf
Presence of other working-age women in HH in labor force (ex. studying)
work_30_female
Indicator for females worked in last 30 days
mig_hh_female
Indicator for females with migrant spouses
mig_hh
Indicator for migrant HHs
ever_mig_male
Indicator for male resp. ever migrated
adolescent_girls
Indicator for adolescent girl(s) in respondent's HH
females10plusnotwork
Indicator for other females (adolescents or older) in respondent's HH who are no
po_indexsum_all
Personal Opinion Index
ne_indexsum_all
Normative Expectations Index
ee_indexsum_all
Empirical Expectations Index
po_indexsum_hh
Personal Opinion Index - HH Roles
po_indexsum_hh_f
Personal Opinion Index - HH Roles, Females
po_indexsum_hh_m
Personal Opinion Index - HH Roles, Males
po_indexsum_public
Personal Opinion Index - Public sphere
po_indexsum_public_f
Personal Opinion Index - Public sphere, Females
po_indexsum_public_m
Personal Opinion Index - Public sphere, Males
ne_indexsum_hh
Normative Expectations Index - HH Roles
ne_indexsum_hh_f
Normative Expectations Index - HH Roles, Females
ne_indexsum_hh_m
Normative Expectations Index - HH Roles, Males
ne_indexsum_public
Normative Expectations Index - Public sphere
ne_indexsum_public_f
Normative Expectations Index - Public sphere, Females
ne_indexsum_public_m
Normative Expectations Index - Public sphere, Males
ee_indexsum_hh
Empirical Expectations Index - HH Roles
ee_indexsum_hh_f
Empirical Expectations Index - HH Roles, Females
ee_indexsum_hh_m
Empirical Expectations Index - HH Roles, Males
ee_indexsum_public
Empirical Expectations Index - Public sphere
ee_indexsum_public_f
Empirical Expectations Index - Public sphere, Females
ee_indexsum_public_m
Empirical Expectations Index - Public sphere, Males
sanc_indexsum
Sanctions Index (includes childacre norm)
sanc_indexsum_f
Sanctions Index (includes childacre norm), Females
sanc_indexsum_m
Sanctions Index (includes childacre norm), Males
Total: 484
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