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The Firm Adoption of Technology (FAT) Survey, 2022

Cambodia, 2022
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Reference ID
KHM_2022_FAT_v01_M
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48529/enjx-z086
Producer(s)
Xavier Cirera, Diego Comin, Marcio Cruz
Collection(s)
The Firm Adoption of Technology (FAT) Survey
Metadata
Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON
Created on
Mar 05, 2026
Last modified
Apr 23, 2026
Page views
28577
Downloads
336
  • Identification
  • Version
  • Coverage
  • Producers and sponsors
  • Sampling
  • Survey instrument
  • Data collection
  • Data appraisal
  • Access policy
  • Depositor information
  • Disclaimer and copyrights
  • Contacts
  • Metadata production
  • Citation

    • Identification

    Survey ID number
    KHM_2022_FAT_v01_M
    Title
    The Firm Adoption of Technology (FAT) Survey, 2022
    Abbreviation or Acronym
    FAT 2022
    Country/Economy
    Name Country code
    Cambodia KHM
    Study type
    Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
    Series Information
    The Firm Adoption of Technology (FAT) Survey is a nationally representative firm-level survey for agriculture, manufacturing, and services, conducted and managed by the World Bank. The survey applies a standardized sampling methodology and survey questionnaire to generate data that are comparable across countries. Particularly, the FAT survey measures more than 300 granular levels of technologies across over 60 business functions. It also collects information about the firm and owner/manager characteristics, subjective perceptions of firms regarding to the adoption of technology, and detailed financial information.
    Abstract
    The Firm Adoption of Technology (FAT) Survey is a nationally representative firm-level survey for agriculture, manufacturing, and services. The survey covers a broad range of topics related to business, with a granular measures of technologies across business functions.
    Kind of Data
    Sample survey data [ssd]
    Unit of Analysis
    Establishment

    Version

    Version Date
    2026-02-05
    Version Notes

    Edited, anonymised datasets for public distribution

    Coverage

    Geographic Coverage

    National

    Producers and sponsors

    Primary investigators
    Name Affiliation
    Xavier Cirera The World Bank
    Diego Comin Dartmouth College
    Marcio Cruz IFC
    Producers
    Name
    World Bank Group
    Funding Agency/Sponsor
    Name Abbreviation Role
    InfoDev Multi-Donor Trust Fund InfoDev

    Financial Support

    Sampling

    Sampling Procedure

    Stratified random sampling; formal private sector establishments with 5+ employees; stratified by geography (Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Battambang/Kampong Cham/Kandal), firm size (small: 5–19, medium: 20–99, large: 100+ employees). Regarding sector stratification, in Cambodia due to the lack of granular sector information in the tax registry, the survey stratifies for manufacturing, retail and wholesale (ISIC 46 and 47), and "other services".

    Deviations from the Sample Design

    See methodology notes for sector and regional stratification or section 2 and Appendix A of Cirera, X., Comin, D., & Cruz, M. (2026) provide detailed information about the sample design.

    Response Rate

    The response rate was 16%

    Weighting

    Sampling weights are constructed in two steps. Design weights reflect selection probabilities under stratified random sampling by industry, size, and region, representing how many establishments each sampled unit stands for. These weights are then adjusted for non-response using response rates within strata. The final weights align the weighted respondent sample with the distribution of establishments in the sampling frame. Details about how the FAT sampling weights are calculated are given in the FAT Methodology note.

    Survey instrument

    Questionnaires

    The standard FAT questionnaire provides a comprehensive assessment of technology adoption and firm performance through five integrated modules. These modules cover general firm characteristics (including ownership and management demographics), the use of general business function technologies common to all firms, and deep dives into sector-specific technologies for twelve distinct sub-sectors. Additionally, the questionnaire evaluates the primary drivers and barriers to technology adoption—such as regulatory constraints and human capital—alongside detailed information on labor composition, balance sheets, and overall firm performance. By measuring more than 300 granular technologies across 60 business functions, the survey captures the extensive margin of adoption, the intensive margin of use, and the duration of advanced technology implementation.

    Data collection

    Dates of Data Collection
    Start End
    2022 2022
    Data Collection Mode
    • Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI)
    Supervision

    Survey supervision was implemented the core team: Xavier Cirera, Marcio Cruz, Kyung Min Lee, Caroline Nogueira; Data cleaning: Charmaine Robles Crisostomo, Harneet Singh, Aman Mahajan and Yuheng Ding

    Data Collection Notes

    The mode of data collection was primarily face-to-face before the pandemic and mostly via telephone and online during the pandemic.

    Data appraisal

    Data Appraisal

    Section 2 of Cirera, X., Comin, D., & Cruz, M. (2026) provides detailed information on several quality checks to validate the survey and the data, including comparability with official business statistics from external sources.

    Access policy

    Citation requirements

    Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:

    • the Identification of the Primary Investigator
    • the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
    • the survey reference number
    • the source and date of download

    In addition to the dataset citation, users must also cite the journal publication for methodology and approach as follows:
    Cirera, X., Comin, D., and Cruz, M. (2026). Technology Sophistication Across Establishments. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.

    Access authority
    Name Affiliation
    Marcio Cruz DECPM
    Xavier Cirera WKPTC
    Kyung Min Lee WKPTC

    Depositor information

    Depositor
    Name
    Financial and Private Sector Development Network (FPD)

    Disclaimer and copyrights

    Disclaimer

    The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Marcio Cruz DECPM marciocruz@ifc.org
    Xavier Cirera WKPTC xcirera@worldbank.org
    Kyung Min Lee WKPTC klee12@worldbank.org

    Metadata production

    DDI Document ID
    DDI_KHM_2022_FAT_v01_M_WB
    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Development Data Group DECDG World Bank

    Documentation of the study
    Date of Metadata Production
    2026-03-05

    Metadata version

    DDI Document version
    Version 01 (2026-03-05)

    Citation

    Citation
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    Back to Catalog

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