Impact Evaluation of Land Rental Research Project 2024, Baseline Survey

The data consists of responses from households to questions pertaining to:

• Household Roster (Section B): This section collects basic demographic information for all individuals living in the household, defined as those who eat together and have slept in the dwelling for at least four nights a week. It captures names, relationships to the head of household, sex, age, marital status, and their primary productive activities over the last 12 months.
• Education (Section C): This part of the survey is directed at household members aged 5 and older. It assesses literacy, school attendance history, the highest grade level completed, and current enrollment status.
• Time Use (Section J): Administered to household members aged 15 and older, this section tracks the time spent on primary and secondary productive activities, including months per year, days per month, and hours per day, along with the associated income. It also records the hours spent in the last seven days on various other activities such as domestic chores, fetching water and firewood, childcare, religious activities, leisure, and tending to livestock.
• Household Characteristics (Section D): This section gathers data on the physical dwelling, including the duration of residence, ownership status, rent paid (if applicable), number of rooms, and construction materials for the walls, roof, and floor. It also covers access to basic utilities like drinking water, light, and electricity.
• Household Assets (Section E): This part of the survey inventories the household’s land holdings and use rights, the potential of their agricultural land, and their history with renting or sharecropping. It also includes a detailed list of consumer durables (such as furniture, appliances, and electronics) and productive agricultural assets (like tools, plows, and pumps), recording the quantities and market values of these items.
• Savings and Debt (Section F): This section explores the household’s financial situation, including bank accounts, informal savings mechanisms (like Ekub or Iddir), total savings amounts, loan history, and the household's perceived ability to borrow money for emergencies or business purposes.
• Loans and gifts to/from other households, Remittances (Section G): This section focuses on the household's social and financial networks. It tracks significant transfers of money or goods received from or sent to other households, the nature of those relationships, the wealth of the connected individuals, and whether the transfers were loans or gifts.
• Household Expenditure and Consumption (Section H): This part of the survey records household spending over the last 30 days on items like food, utilities, health, and transport, as well as spending over the last 12 months on education, clothing, and home maintenance. It also estimates the value of home-produced food and food received as gifts.
• Food Security (Section I): This section assesses the quality and diversity of the household's diet and uses a scale to measure coping strategies employed during food shortages, such as skipping meals or limiting portion sizes. It also identifies major shocks that affected the household in the last year, including deaths, disasters, and significant price changes.
• Legal awareness on ownership and rental rights (Section K): This section tests the respondent's knowledge of land laws, including maximum lease durations, registration requirements, inheritance rights, and women’s rights during a divorce. It also asks about their awareness of government formalization programs and their experience with land disputes.
• Crop Production (Section L): This is a comprehensive section that details the number and size of land parcels owned, rented in, or rented out by the household. It covers land use types (such as fallow, forest, and pasture), the types of crops cultivated, harvesting outcomes, causes of crop damage, and the use of agricultural inputs like fertilizer, seeds, and irrigation.
• Sustainable Land Management Practices (SLMP) (Section M): This section inquires about investments in land protection, such as constructing or repairing soil conservation structures (like terraces and bunds), planting trees, using manure or compost, and practicing crop rotation or pest control.
• Livestock (Section N): This part of the survey inventories the types and quantities of animals owned by the household (such as cattle, goats, and poultry), their market value, revenue from sales, consumption of animal products, and expenses related to animal feed, medicine, and labor.
• Social Trust and Altruism (Section O): This section uses a Likert scale to measure the respondent's level of trust in their neighbors, the community, and local government and land administration offices.
• Perceived Stress Scale (Section P): This section measures the respondent’s psychological stress over the last 30 days, focusing on their perceived ability to control important life events and manage personal problems.
• Aspirations (Section Q): This part of the survey collects data on the respondent's financial outlook, including their perception of the maximum and average income levels in their Kebele (the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia) and the income levels they hope to achieve personally in the future.
• Gender Attitudes in the household (Section R): This section examines opinions on gender roles, such as decision-making, domestic work, and education. It also identifies who in the household has the primary say over assets, family planning, and household spending.
• Non-Farm Enterprise (NFE) (Section S): This section tracks any non-agricultural businesses owned by the household. It covers the type of activity, its operational status, location, start-up capital, number of employees, operating costs, and monthly profits.
• Livelihoods Diversification & Connection to Value Chains (LDCVC) (Section T): This final section evaluates the household's participation in LDCVC programs, the type of support received (whether financial, advisory, or in-kind), how any resulting income is spent, and the perceived benefits to the household and the community.

The household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household or to an authorized person capable of answering questions about the household and members of the household. The questionnaire was written in English and translated into Amharic. It was programmed on tablets both in in English and Amharic using the CAPI program.