Globalization and Income Distribution Dataset 1975-2002
Aruba, Afghanistan, Angola, Albania, Andorra, Netherlands Antilles, Argentina, Armenia, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, ..., 1975 - 2002
Branko L. Milanovic
Created on
August 26, 2021
Last modified
August 26, 2021
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Identification
Survey ID Number
WLD_2002_GID_v01_M
Title
Globalization and Income Distribution Dataset 1975-2002
Country/Economy
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Aruba | ABW |
| Afghanistan | AFG |
| Angola | AGO |
| Albania | ALB |
| Andorra | AND |
| Netherlands Antilles | ANT |
| Argentina | ARG |
| Armenia | ARM |
| American Samoa | ASM |
| Antigua and Barbuda | ATG |
| Australia | AUS |
| Austria | AUT |
| Azerbaijan | AZE |
| Burundi | BDI |
| Belgium | BEL |
| Benin | BEN |
| Burkina Faso | BFA |
| Bulgaria | BGR |
| Bahrain | BHR |
| Bahamas, The | BHS |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | BIH |
| Bolivia | BOL |
| Brazil | BRA |
| Barbados | BRB |
| Bhutan | BTN |
| Botswana | BWA |
| Central African Republic | CAF |
| Canada | CAN |
| Switzerland | CHE |
| Chile | CHL |
| China | CHN |
| Cameroon | CMR |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | COD |
| Congo, Rep. | COG |
| Colombia | COL |
| Comoros | COM |
| Cabo Verde | CPV |
| Costa Rica | CRI |
| Cuba | CUB |
| Cayman Islands | CYM |
| Cyprus | CYP |
| Czech Republic | CZE |
| Germany | DEU |
| Germany | DEU |
| Djibouti | DJI |
| Dominica | DMA |
| Denmark | DNK |
| Dominican Republic | DOM |
| Algeria | DZA |
| Ecuador | ECU |
| Spain | ESP |
| Estonia | EST |
| Ethiopia | ETH |
| Finland | FIN |
| Fiji | FJI |
| France | FRA |
| Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | FSM |
| Gabon | GAB |
| United Kingdom | GBR |
| Ghana | GHA |
| Guinea | GIN |
| Guadeloupe | GLP |
| Gambia, The | GMB |
| Guinea-Bissau | GNB |
| Equatorial Guinea | GNQ |
| Greece | GRC |
| Grenada | GRD |
| Greenland | GRL |
| Guatemala | GTM |
| French Guiana | GUF |
| Guam | GUM |
| Guyana | GUY |
| Hong Kong SAR, China | HKG |
| Honduras | HND |
| Croatia | HRV |
| Haiti | HTI |
| Hungary | HUN |
| Indonesia | IDN |
| Isle of Man | IMN |
| India | IND |
| Ireland | IRL |
| Iraq | IRQ |
| Iceland | ISL |
| Israel | ISR |
| Italy | ITA |
| Jamaica | JAM |
| Jordan | JOR |
| Japan | JPN |
| Kazakhstan | KAZ |
| Kenya | KEN |
| Cambodia | KHM |
| Kiribati | KIR |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | KNA |
| Korea, Rep. | KOR |
| Kuwait | KWT |
| Lao PDR | LAO |
| Lebanon | LBN |
| Liberia | LBR |
| Libya | LBY |
| St. Lucia | LCA |
| Liechtenstein | LIE |
| Sri Lanka | LKA |
| Lesotho | LSO |
| Lithuania | LTU |
| Luxembourg | LUX |
| Latvia | LVA |
| Macao SAR, China | MAC |
| Morocco | MAR |
| Monaco | MCO |
| Moldova | MDA |
| Madagascar | MDG |
| Maldives | MDV |
| Mexico | MEX |
| Marshall Islands | MHL |
| Mali | MLI |
| Malta | MLT |
| Myanmar | MMR |
| Mongolia | MNG |
| Mozambique | MOZ |
| Mauritania | MRT |
| Martinique | MTQ |
| Mauritius | MUS |
| Malawi | MWI |
| Malaysia | MYS |
| Mayotte | MYT |
| Namibia | NAM |
| New Caledonia | NCL |
| Niger | NER |
| Nigeria | NGA |
| Nicaragua | NIC |
| Netherlands | NLD |
| Norway | NOR |
| Nepal | NPL |
| New Zealand | NZL |
| Oman | OMN |
| Pakistan | PAK |
| Panama | PAN |
| Peru | PER |
| Philippines | PHL |
| Palau | PLW |
| Papua New Guinea | PNG |
| Poland | POL |
| Puerto Rico | PRI |
| Korea, Dem. Rep. | PRK |
| Portugal | PRT |
| Paraguay | PRY |
| French Polynesia | PYF |
| Qatar | QAT |
| Romania | ROU |
| Russian Federation | RUS |
| Rwanda | RWA |
| Saudi Arabia | SAU |
| Sudan | SDN |
| Senegal | SEN |
| Singapore | SGP |
| Solomon Islands | SLB |
| Sierra Leone | SLE |
| El Salvador | SLV |
| Somalia | SOM |
| Suriname | SUR |
| Slovak Republic | SVK |
| Slovenia | SVN |
| Sweden | SWE |
| Eswatini | SWZ |
| Seychelles | SYC |
| Chad | TCD |
| Togo | TGO |
| Thailand | THA |
| Tajikistan | TJK |
| Turkmenistan | TKM |
| Tonga | TON |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TTO |
| Tunisia | TUN |
| Turkey | TUR |
| Taiwan, China | TWN |
| Tanzania | TZA |
| Uganda | UGA |
| Ukraine | UKR |
| Uruguay | URY |
| United States | USA |
| Uzbekistan | UZB |
| Vietnam | VNM |
| Vanuatu | VUT |
| West Bank and Gaza | WBG |
| Samoa | WSM |
| South Africa | ZAF |
| Zambia | ZMB |
| Zimbabwe | ZWE |
| Yugoslavia Fed. Rep. | YUG |
| Czechoslovakia | CSK |
| Serbia and Montenegro | SCG |
Study type
Macroeconomics - Indicators
Abstract
Dataset used in World Bank Policy Research Working Paper #2876, published in World Bank Economic Review, No. 1, 2005, pp. 21-44.
The effects of globalization on income distribution in rich and poor countries are a matter of controversy. While international trade theory in its most abstract formulation implies that increased trade and foreign investment should make income distribution more equal in poor countries and less equal in rich countries, finding these effects has proved elusive. The author presents another attempt to discern the effects of globalization by using data from household budget surveys and looking at the impact of openness and foreign direct investment on relative income shares of low and high deciles. The author finds some evidence that at very low average income levels, it is the rich who benefit from openness. As income levels rise to those of countries such as Chile, Colombia, or Czech Republic, for example, the situation changes, and it is the relative income of the poor and the middle class that rises compared with the rich. It seems that openness makes income distribution worse before making it better-or differently in that the effect of openness on a country's income distribution depends on the country's initial income level.
The effects of globalization on income distribution in rich and poor countries are a matter of controversy. While international trade theory in its most abstract formulation implies that increased trade and foreign investment should make income distribution more equal in poor countries and less equal in rich countries, finding these effects has proved elusive. The author presents another attempt to discern the effects of globalization by using data from household budget surveys and looking at the impact of openness and foreign direct investment on relative income shares of low and high deciles. The author finds some evidence that at very low average income levels, it is the rich who benefit from openness. As income levels rise to those of countries such as Chile, Colombia, or Czech Republic, for example, the situation changes, and it is the relative income of the poor and the middle class that rises compared with the rich. It seems that openness makes income distribution worse before making it better-or differently in that the effect of openness on a country's income distribution depends on the country's initial income level.
Kind of Data
Aggregate data [agg]
Scope
Notes
The dataset inlcludes indicators related to:
- Population
- GDP
- Income
- Imports/exports
- Inflation
- Exchange rate
- Interest rate
- Population
- GDP
- Income
- Imports/exports
- Inflation
- Exchange rate
- Interest rate
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Branko L. Milanovic | World Bank |
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1975 | 2002 |
Time periods
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 1975 | 2002 |
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Research Group | World Bank | research@worldbank.org | http://go.worldbank.org/B9W4QTDHR0 |
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Branko L. Milanovic, World Bank. Globalization and Income Distribution Dataset (GID) 1975-2002. Ref. WLD_2002_GID_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date]
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Branko L. Milanovic, World Bank. Globalization and Income Distribution Dataset (GID) 1975-2002. Ref. WLD_2002_GID_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date]
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_WLD_2002_GID_v02_M
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Olivier Dupriez | World Bank | Conversion to DDI format |
Date of Metadata Production
2010-09-07
DDI Document version
DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21)
This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2002_GID_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.
Version 01 (September 2010)
This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2002_GID_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.
Version 01 (September 2010)