Demographic and Health Survey 2013
Nigeria, 2013
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NGA_2013_DHS_v01_M
Demographic and Health Survey 2013
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Nigeria | NGA |
Demographic and Health Survey (Standard) - DHS VI
The 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was implemented by the National Population Commission. It is the fifth in the series of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted so far in Nigeria; previous surveys were conducted in 1990, 1999, 2003, and 2008.
The 2013 NDHS is a national sample survey that provides up-to-date information on background characteristics of the respondents. Specifically, information is collected on fertility levels, marriage, fertility preferences, awareness and the use of family planning methods, child feeding practices, nutritional status of women and children, adult and childhood mortality, awareness and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS, female genital mutilation, and domestic violence. The target groups were women and men age 15-49 in randomly selected households across Nigeria. Information was also collected on the height and weight of women and children age 0-5. In addition to presenting national estimates, the report provides estimates of key indicators for both the rural and urban areas in Nigeria, the six geo-political zones, the 36 states, and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Household
- Individual
- Children age 0-5
- Woman age 15-49
- Man age 15-49
Scope
The 2013 NDHS covered the following topics:
• Anthropometry
• Birth Registration
• Domestic Violence
• Female Genital Cutting
• GPS/Georeferenced
• Health Insurance
• HIV Behavior
• HIV Knowledge
• Male circumcision
• Maternal Mortality
• Men's Survey
• Micronutrients
• OVC
• Reproductive Calendar
• Tobacco Use
• Women's Status
Coverage
National coverage
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Population Commission (NPC) | Government of Nigeria |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| United States Agency for International Development | Funded the survey |
| Department for International Development | Funded the survey |
| United Nations Population Fund | Funded the survey |
| Government of Nigeria | Funded the survey |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| ICF International | Technical assistance |
Sampling
Sample Design
The sample for the 2013 NDHS was nationally representative and covered the entire population residing in non-institutional dwelling units in the country. The survey used as a sampling frame the list of enumeration areas (EAs) prepared for the 2006 Population Census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, provided by the National Population Commission. The sample was designed to provide population and health indicator estimates at the national, zonal, and state levels. The sample design allowed for specific indicators to be calculated for each of the six zones, 36 states, and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
Administratively, Nigeria is divided into states. Each state is subdivided into local government areas (LGAs), and each LGA is divided into localities. In addition to these administrative units, during the 2006 population census, each locality was subdivided into census enumeration areas. The primary sampling unit (PSU), referred to as a cluster in the 2013 NDHS, is defined on the basis of EAs from the 2006 EA census frame. The 2013 NDHS sample was selected using a stratified three-stage cluster design consisting of 904 clusters, 372 in urban areas and 532 in rural areas. A representative sample of 40,680 households was selected for the survey, with a minimum target of 943 completed interviews per state.
A complete listing of households and a mapping exercise were carried out for each cluster from December 2012 to January 2013, with the resulting lists of households serving as the sampling frame for the selection of households. All regular households were listed. The NPC listing enumerators were trained to use Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to calculate the coordinates of the 2013 NDHS sample clusters.
A fixed sample take of 45 households were selected per cluster. All women age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the households in the 2013 NDHS sample or visitors present in the households on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In a subsample of half of the households, all men age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the households in the sample or visitors present in the households on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. Also, a subsample of one eligible woman in each household was randomly selected to be asked additional questions regarding domestic violence.
For further details on sample size and design, see Appendix B of the final report.
A total of 40,320 households were selected from 896 sample points, of which 38,904 were found to be occupied at the time of the fieldwork. Of the occupied households, 38,522 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 99 percent. In view of the security challenges in the country, this response rate is highly encouraging and appears to be the result of a well-coordinated team effort.
In the interviewed households, a total of 39,902 women age 15-49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews, and 98 percent of them were successfully interviewed. Among men, 18,229 were identified as eligible for interviews, and 95 percent were successfully interviewed. As expected, response rates were slightly lower in urban areas than in rural areas.
Note: See summarized response rates by residence (urban/rural) in Table 1.2 of the survey report.
Survey instrument
Three questionnaires were used in the 2013 NDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire.
The Household Questionnaire was used to list all of the usual members of and visitors to the selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, marital status, education, and relationship to the head of the household. Information on other characteristics of household members was collected as well, including current school attendance and survivorship of parents among those under age 18. If a child in the household had a parent who was sick for more than three consecutive months in the 12 months preceding the survey or a parent who had died, additional questions related to support for orphans and vulnerable children were asked. Furthermore, if an adult in the household was sick for more than three consecutive months in the 12 months preceding the survey or an adult in the household had died, questions were asked relating to support for sick people or people in households where a member had died.
The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as source of water; type of toilet facilities; materials used for the floor of the house; ownership of various durable goods; ownership of agricultural land; ownership of livestock, farm animals, or poultry; and ownership and use of mosquito nets and long-lasting insecticidal nets. The Household Questionnaire was further used to record height and weight measurements for children age 0-59 months and women age 15-49. In addition, data on the age and sex of household members in the Household Questionnaire were used to identify women and men who were eligible for individual interviews.
The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following main topics:
• Background characteristics (age, religion, education, literacy, media exposure, etc.)
• Reproductive history and childhood mortality
• Knowledge, source, and use of family planning methods
• Fertility preferences
• Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
• Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
• Child immunisation and childhood illnesses
• Marriage and sexual activity
• Women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics
• Malaria prevention and treatment
• Women’s decision making
• Awareness of AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections
• Maternal mortality
• Domestic violence
The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-49 in every second household in the 2013 NDHS sample. The Man’s Questionnaire collected much of the same information found in the Woman’s Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or questions on maternal and child health or nutrition.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2013-02 | 2013-06 |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Population Commission | Government of Nigeria |
Fieldwork
Unlike the previous DHS surveys, fieldwork was launched in the six zones (rather than all of the states); the teams in each zone remained together, and the first clusters were assigned in the vicinity. This enabled close supervision of the teams, as three to four trainers were available in each zone. Interviewers had ample opportunities to build their confidence before they were finally dispatched to their respective states. Fieldwork for the 2013 NDHS was carried out by 37 interviewing teams, one for each of the 36 states of the country and Federal Capital Territory. Each team consisted of a supervisor, a field editor, four female interviewers, two male interviewers, and two drivers. Fieldwork was conducted from February 15, 2013, to the end of May (with the exception of the two teams in Kano and Lagos, who completed fieldwork in June).
The technical team and trainers, who also functioned as the quality controllers, were responsible for ensuring data quality. Data quality was also monitored through field check tables generated concurrently with data processing operations. This was an advantage since the technical team and trainers were able to advise and alert field teams of problems detected during data entry. The technical team and trainers met in Abuja occasionally to discuss fieldwork issues and travelled to states where immediate attention was required. Fieldwork was also monitored by representatives from ICF, USAID, UNFPA, PATHS2, and the NPC.
A number of challenges were faced by the field teams (e.g., restricted working hours, lack of clearance to enter the clusters on a regular basis, and potential threats), especially in the North East and North West due to the security situation in those zones. In some areas, measurement of height and weight became difficult. However, the teams made the utmost effort to accomplish the task. Because of the security situation, the survey could not be accomplished in eight clusters (four in Borno, two in Yobe, one in Nasarawa, and one in Plateau).
Data processing
The processing of the 2013 NDHS data began simultaneously with the fieldwork. Completed questionnaires were edited in the field immediately by the field editors and checked by the supervisors before being dispatched to the data processing centre in Abuja. The questionnaires were then edited and entered by 26 data processing personnel specially trained for this task. Data were entered using the CSPro computer package, and all data were entered twice to allow 100 percent verification. The concurrent processing of the data offered a distinct advantage because of the assurance that the data were error free and authentic. Moreover, the double entry of data enabled easy comparisons and identification of errors and inconsistencies. Inconsistencies were resolved by tallying results with the paper questionnaire entries. Secondary editing of the data was completed in the last week of July 2013. The final cleaning of the data set was carried out by the ICF data processing specialist and completed in August.
Data appraisal
The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: non-sampling errors and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2013 Nigeria DHS (NDHS) to minimize this type of error, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.
Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2013 NDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.
Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2013 NDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. Sampling errors are computed in either ISSA or SAS, using programs developed by ICF International. These programs use the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means, proportions or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.
The Taylor linearization method treats any percentage or average as a ratio estimate, r = y/x , where y represents the total sample value for variable y, and x represents the total number of cases in the group or subgroup under consideration.
Note: Detailed description of estimate of sampling error is presented in APPENDIX C of the survey report.
Data Quality Tables
- Household age distribution
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
- Completeness of reporting
- Births by calendar years
- Reporting of age at death in days
- Reporting of age at death in months
- Sibship size and sex ratio of siblings
Note: See detailed tables in APPENDIX D of the report.
Data Access
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| The DHS Program | http://www.DHSprogram.com | archive@dhsprogram.com |
Request Dataset Access
The following applies to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, GPS, and HIV).
To request dataset access, you must first be a registered user of the website. You must then create a new research project request. The request must include a project title and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
The requested data should only be used for the purpose of the research or study. To request the same or different data for another purpose, a new research project request should be submitted. The DHS Program will normally review all data requests within 24 hours (Monday - Friday) and provide notification if access has been granted or additional project information is needed before access can be granted.
DATASET ACCESS APPROVAL PROCESS
Access to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, HIV, and GPS) is requested and granted by country. This means that when approved, full access is granted to all unrestricted survey datasets for that country. Access to HIV and GIS datasets requires an online acknowledgment of the conditions of use.
Required Information
A dataset request must include contact information, a research project title, and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
Restricted Datasets
A few datasets are restricted and these are noted. Access to restricted datasets is requested online as with other datasets. An additional consent form is required for some datasets, and the form will be emailed to you upon authorization of your account. For other restricted surveys, permission must be granted by the appropriate implementing organizations, before The DHS Program can grant access. You will be emailed the information for contacting the implementing organizations. A few restricted surveys are authorized directly within The DHS Program, upon receipt of an email request.
When The DHS Program receives authorization from the appropriate organizations, the user will be contacted, and the datasets made available by secure FTP.
GPS/HIV Datasets/Other Biomarkers
Because of the sensitive nature of GPS, HIV and other biomarkers datasets, permission to access these datasets requires that you accept a Terms of Use Statement. After selecting GPS/HIV/Other Biomarkers datasets, the user is presented with a consent form which should be signed electronically by entering the password for the user's account.
Dataset Terms of Use
Once downloaded, the datasets must not be passed on to other researchers without the written consent of The DHS Program. All reports and publications based on the requested data must be sent to The DHS Program Data Archive in a Portable Document Format (pdf) or a printed hard copy.
Download Datasets
Datasets are made available for download by survey. You will be presented with a list of surveys for which you have been granted dataset access. After selecting a survey, a list of all available datasets for that survey will be displayed, including all survey, GPS, and HIV data files. However, only data types for which you have been granted access will be accessible. To download, simply click on the files that you wish to download and a "File Download" prompt will guide you through the remaining steps.
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Inquiries | The DHS Program | info@dhsprogram.com | http://www.DHSprogram.com |
| Data and Data Related Resources | The DHS Program | archive@dhsprogram.com | http://www.DHSprogram.com |
| Information about The DHS Program | The DHS Program | reports@DHSprogram.com | http://www.DHSprogram.com |
Metadata production
DDI_NGA_2013_DHS_v01_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | The World Bank | Metadata preparation |
2014-06-27
Metadata version
Version 01 (June 2014). Metadata is excerpted from "Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013" Report.