Young Lives: An International Study of Childhood Poverty 2006
Round 2
Ethiopia, India, Peru...and 1 more, 2006
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WLD_2006_YLSCP-R2_v01_M
Young Lives: An International Study of Childhood Poverty 2006
Round 2
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ETH |
| India | IND |
| Peru | PER |
| Viet Nam | VNM |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
The Young Lives study is a panel study that aims to track the lives of 2,000 children in each country from age 6-17.9 month until they are 15 years old. The caregiver and, when the child is old enough, both the caregiver and the child will be interviewed every three to four years with a quantitative survey. The height and weight of each child will also be measured and community level questionnaires will be completed for each sentinel site at every data collection round.
Round 1 of the study followed 2,000 children (aged between 6 and 18 months in 2002) and their households, from both urban and rural communities, in each of the four countries (8,000 children in total). Data were also collected on an older cohort of 1,000 children aged 7 to 8 years in each country, in order to provide a basis for comparison with the younger children when they reach that age.
Round 2 of the study returned to the same children who were aged 1-year-old in Round 1 when they were aged approximately 5-years-old, and to the children aged 8-years-old in Round 1 when they were approximately 12-years-old.
Round 3 of the study returned to the same children again when they were aged 7 to 8 years (the same as the older cohort in Round 1) and 14 to 15 years. It is envisaged that subsequent survey waves will take place in 2013 and 2016. Thus the younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood, when some will become parents themselves.
| Type | Identifier |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.48529/fbgs-6302 |
Young Lives involves collaboration between Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the academic sector. In the UK, the project is being run by Save the Children-UK together with an academic consortium that comprises the University of Reading, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, South Bank University, the Institute of Development Studies at Sussex University and the South African Medical Research Council.
The study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India (in Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These countries were selected because they reflect a range of cultural, geographical and social contexts and experience differing issues facing the developing world; high debt burden, emergence from conflict, and vulnerability to environmental conditions such as drought and flood.
Objectives of the study
The Young Lives study has three broad objectives:
• producing good quality panel data about the changing nature of the lives of children in poverty.
• trace linkages between key policy changes and child poverty
• informing and responding to the needs of policy makers, planners and other stakeholders
There will also be a strong education and media element, both in the countries where the project takes place, and in the UK.
The study takes a broad approach to child poverty, exploring not only household economic indicators such as assets and wealth, but also child centred poverty measures such as the child’s physical and mental health, growth, development and education. These child centred measures are age specific so the information collected by the study will change as the children get older.
Further information about the survey, including publications, can be downloaded from the <a href='http://www.younglives.org.uk/'>Young Lives</a> website.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Individuals; Families/households
Version
Edition History:
- For the original edition of the study (September 2011), data and documentation from Wave 2 were deposited.
- For the second edition (April 2014), the data files and accompanying data have been updated. The updates have been made as a result of ongoing cleaning associated with the collection of longitudinal data (i.e. checking the consistency of the data across rounds). Extensive work has also been done on updating the location variables of the children and a new variable has been added to the Round 2 (MVDTYPR2) and Round 3 (MVDTYPR3) data (see SN 6853) indicating if the child has moved between rounds. Updated PPVT scores and calculated variables have also been provided.
Scope
Main Topics:
This dataset comprises the data from the 5-year-olds' and 12-year-olds' household surveys and the 12-year-olds' child survey carried out in 2006. For each of the four countries the dataset contains files at the community, household and child level for both ages. The household/child level data file for the 12-year-olds' survey also includes data from the child questionnaire. In addition there are several files at lower levels (i.e. where there are several records per household). These include the household roster and activity schedules for livelihoods. The Peru community level data includes an additional file with community data covering new communities for children who have migrated.
Topics covered in the dataset include: community characteristics (environmental, social and economic); parental background; household education; livelihoods and asset framework; household food and non-food consumption and expenditure; social capital, economic changes and recent life history; socio-economic status; child care, education and activities; child health; anthropometry; caregivers' perceptions and attitudes; school and activities, child time use; social networks, social skills and social support; feelings and attitudes; parents' and household issues; child development; perception of the future, environment and household wealth.
Also included are calculated indices such as a wealth index, various social capital scores, and mental health scores, which are all detailed in the documentation. The SPSS syntax code and/or Stata 'do' files that show methods of calculation for the composite indices are also included in the dataset.
| Topic |
|---|
| Economic conditions and indicators - Economics |
| General - Education |
| Youth - Social stratification and groupings |
| Primary, pre-primary and secondary - Education |
| School leaving - Education |
| Drug abuse, alcohol and smoking - Health |
| General - Health |
| Social attitudes and behaviour - Society and culture |
| Social indicators and quality of life - Society and culture |
| Time use - Society and culture |
| Child development and child rearing - Social stratification and groupings |
| Equality and inequality - Social stratification and groupings |
| Ethnic minorities - Social stratification and groupings |
| Family life and marriage - Social stratification and groupings |
| Gender roles - Social stratification and groupings |
| Social and occupational mobility - Social stratification and groupings |
| Use and provision of specific social services - Social welfare policy and systems |
Coverage
Young Lives is an international study of childhood poverty, involving 12,000 children in 4 countries.
- Ethiopia (20 communities in Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, and Southern National, Nationalities and People's Regions)
- India (20 sites across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana)
- Peru (74 communities across Peru)
- Vietnam (20 communities in the communes of Lao Cai in the north-west, Hung Yen province in the Red River Delta, the city of Danang on the coast, Phu Yen province from the South Central Coast and Ben Tre province on the Mekong River Delta)
No spatial unit
Cross-national; Subnational
Children aged approximately 5 years old and their households, and children aged 12 years old and their households, in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam, in 2006-2007. These children were originally interviewed in Round 1 of the study. See documentation for details of the exact regions covered in each country.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Boyden, J. | University of Oxford. Department of International Development |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Department for International Development | Funded the study |
Sampling
Purposive selection/case studies
A key need for the study's objectives was to obtain data at different levels - the children, their households, the community in which they resided, as well as at regional and national levels. This need thus determined that children should be selected in geographic clusters rather than randomly selected across the country. There was, however, a much more important reason for recruiting children in clusters - the sites are also intended to provide suitable settings for a range of complementary thematic studies. For example, one or a few sites may be used for a qualitative study designed to achieve a deeper level of understanding of some social issues, either because they are important in that particular place, or because the sites are appropriate locales to investigate a more general concern. The quantitative panel study is seen as the foundation upon which a coherent and interesting range of linked studies can be set up.
Thus the design was decided, in each country, comprising 20 geographic clusters with 100 children sampled in each cluster.
Ethiopia: 1,912 (5-year-olds), 980 (12-year-olds); India: 1,950 (5-year-olds), 994 (12-year-olds); Peru: 1,963 (5-year-olds), 685 (12-year-olds); Vietnam: 1,970 (5-year-olds), 990 (12-year-olds)
No weighting used.
Survey instrument
Every questionnaire used in the study consists of a 'core' element and a country-specific element, which focuses on issues important for that country.
The core element of the questionnaires consists of the following sections:
Core 5 & 12 year old household questionnaire
• Section 1: Parental background
• Section 2: Household education
• Section 3: Livelihoods and asset framework
• Section 3a: Land & crops
• Section 3b: Time allocation
• Section 3c: Productive assets
• Section 3d: Non-agricultural earnings
• Section 3e: Transfers
• Section 4: Consumption/Expenditure
• Section 4a: Food consumption/expenditure
• Section 4b: Non-food consumption/expenditure
• Section 5: Social capital
• Section 5a: Support networks
• Section 5b: Family, group and political capital
• Section 5c: Collective action and exclusion
• Section 5d: Information networks
• Section 6: Economic changes and recent life history
• Section 7: Socio-economic status
• Section 8: Child care, education & activities (blank in 12yr old household)
• Section 9: Child health
• Section 10: Child development (blank in 12yr old household)
• Section 11: Anthropometry
• Section 12: Caregiver perceptions & attitudes
Core 12 year old child questionnaire
• Section 1: School and activities
• Section 2: Child health
• Section 3: Social networks, social skills and social support
• Section 4: Feelings and attitudes
• Section 5: Parents and household issues
• Section 6: Perceptions of household wealth and future
• Section 7: Child Development
The community questionnaire used in Ethiopia consists of the following sections:
- MODULE 1 General Module
• Section 1 General Community Characteristics
• Section 2 Social Environment
• Section 3 Access to Services
• Section 4 Economy
• Section 5 Local Prices - MODULE 2 Child-Specific Modules
• Section 1 Educational Service (General)
• Section 2 NOT INCLUDED IN ETHIOPIA CONTEXT INSTRUMENT
• Section 3 Educational Services (Preschool, Primary, Secondary)
• Section 4 Health Services
• Section 5 Child Protection Services - MODULE 3 Country specific community level questions
• Section 1 Conversion factors
• Section 2 Migration
• Section 3 Social protection program
• Section 4 Equity and budget management in education and health
The community questionnaire used in India consists of the following sections:
- MODULE 1 General Module
• Section 1: General Community Characteristics
• Section 2: Social Environment
• Section 3: Access to Services
• Section 4: Economy
• Section 5; Local Prices - MODULE 2 Child-Specific Modules
• Section 1: Educational Services (General)
• Section 2: Child day care Services
• Section 3: Educational Services (Preschool, Primary, Secondary)
• Section 4: Health Services
• Section 5: Child Protection Services
The community questionnaire used in Peru consists of the following sections:
- MODULE 1 General Module
• Section 1: General Community Characteristics
• Section 2: Social Environment
• Section 3: Access to Services
• Section 4: Economy
• Section 5: Local Prices - MODULE 2 Child-Specific Modules
• Section 1: Educational Services (General)
• Section 2: Child day care Services
• Section 3: Educational Services (Preschool, Primary, Secondary)
• Section 4: Health Services
• Section 5: Child Protection Services
The community questionnaire used in Vietnam consists of the following sections:
- MODULE 1 General Module
• Section 1: General Community Characteristics
• Section 2: Social Environment
• Section 3: Access to Services
• Section 4: Economy
• Section 5: Local Prices
• Section 6: Poverty Alleviation and Infrastructure Initiatives - MODULE 2 Child-Specific Module
• Section 1: Educational Services (General and Country Specific)
• Section 2: Child day care Services
• Section 3: Educational Services (Preschool, Primary, Secondary)
• Section 4: Health Services
• Section 5: Child Protection Services
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2006 | 2006 |
Longitudinal/panel/cohort
It is intended that data will be collected once every three or four years.
Supervisors: Responsible for overseeing, monitoring and, where necessary, correcting the work of the interviewers. In addition, s/he is responsible for managing the team's equipment, vehicle and funds and completing the community questionnaire. S/he represents the project co-ordinator at the sentinel site level.
Project Management
In each country, a Principal Investigator (PI) has been appointed to lead the fieldwork and data management activities. The PI works closely with the UK consortium and with the National Co-ordinator (NC), based in SC UK offices in each participating country. The NC’s function is to make links with and between the academic teams, government and civil society, and to ensure the involvement of different stakeholders, the local dissemination of outputs, and to devise advocacy strategies and organise media coverage.
The Policy Research Manager (PCM) for the project is based at Save the Children UK in London. The PCM is responsible for overall co-ordination of the project, working with country partners the academic institutions, DFID and other partners with a particular focus on ensuring linkages to policy and dissemination of outputs.
The Young Lives Survey is being overseen by an in-country management committee who have the responsibility to co-ordinate the survey according to the set schedule. The committee works with a staff of fieldwork co-ordinators who supervise the survey teams, who are based in regional offices.
Supervisors: Responsible for overseeing, monitoring and, where necessary, correcting the work of the interviewers. In addition, s/he is responsible for managing the team's equipment, vehicle and funds and completing the community questionnaire. S/he represents the project co-ordinator at the sentinel site level.
Fieldworkers: Responsible for collecting and recording information from households in the household questionnaire
Access policy
UK Data Service
Depositor information
| Name |
|---|
| Garlick, C., University of Reading. Statistical Services Centre |
Distributor information
| Organization name |
|---|
| UK Data Service |
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| UK Data Service | University of Essex | http://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/help/get-in-touch.aspx |
The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See <a href=http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data/how-to-access/conditions.aspx>terms and conditions of access</a> for further information.
Bibliographic Citation
All works which use or refer to these materials should acknowledge these sources by means of bibliographic citation. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for bibliographic indexes, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is:
Boyden, J., Young Lives: an International Study of Childhood Poverty: Round 2, 2006 [computer file]. 2nd Edition. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], April 2014. SN: 6852 , http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-6852-2
Acknowledgement
Any publication, whether printed, electronic or broadcast, based wholly or in part on these materials, should acknowledge the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections (if different) and the UK Data Archive, and to acknowledge Crown Copyright where appropriate.
Any publication, whether printed, electronic or broadcast, based wholly or in part on these materials should carry a statement that the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections (if different) and the UK Data Archive bear no responsibility for their further analysis or interpretation.
| Indicate if special permissions are required to access a resource | Special permissions description |
|---|---|
| yes | Standard conditions of access |
The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See <a href=http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data/how-to-access/conditions.aspx>terms and conditions of access</a> for further information.
Disclaimer and copyrights
Although all efforts are made to ensure the quality of the materials, neither the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections, nor the UK Data Archive bear any responsibility for the accuracy or comprehensiveness of these materials.
All rights reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the UK Data Archive.
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Colchester
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www.data-archive.ac.uk
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queens Printer for Scotland
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anne Solon, Data and Survey Manager | University of Oxford | anne.solon@qeh.ox.ac.uk | http://www.ox.ac.uk |
| Young Lives, Oxford Department of International Development (ODID) | University of Oxford | younglives@younglives.org.uk | http://www.younglives.org.uk |
| UK Data Service | University of Essex | help@ukdataservice.ac.uk | http://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/help/get-in-touch.aspx |
Metadata production
DDI_WLD_2006_YLSCP-R2_v02_M_WB
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| UK Data Service | Metadata Preparation |
2014-08-26
Metadata version
DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21)
This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2006_YLSCP-R2_v01_M_WB but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.
Version 02 (August 2014). Initial version of the DDI (DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 6852) was done by UK Data Service in May, 2014.