Demographic and Health Survey 2014
Egypt, Arab Rep., 2014
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Reference ID
EGY_2014_DHS_v01_M
Producer(s)
Ministry of Health and Population, El-Zanaty and Associates
Collection(s)
Metadata
Created on
May 14, 2015
Last modified
Jun 01, 2017
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Identification
Survey ID Number
EGY_2014_DHS_v01_M
Title
Demographic and Health Survey 2014
Country/Economy
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | EGY |
Study type
Demographic and Health Survey (Standard) - DHS VI
Series Information
The 2014 EDHS is the seventh full-scale Demographic and Health Survey implemented in Egypt; earlier surveys were conducted in 1988, 1992, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008. Three interim DHS surveys were carried out in 1997, 1998, and 2003. Other national-level surveys for which results are shown in this report include the 1980 Egyptian Fertility Survey (EFS), the 1984 Egypt Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (ECPS), and the 1991 Egypt Maternal and Child Health Survey (EMCHS).
Abstract
The 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (2014 EDHS) is the tenth in a series of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Egypt. As with the prior surveys, the main objective of the 2014 EDHS is to provide up-to-date information on fertility and childhood mortality levels; fertility preferences; awareness, approval, and use of family planning methods; and maternal and child health and nutrition. The survey also covers several special topics including domestic violence and child labor and child disciplinary practices. All ever-married women age 15-49 who were usual members of the selected households and those who spent the night before the survey in the selected households were eligible to be interviewed in the survey. The sample for the 2014 EDHS was designed to provide estimates of population and health indicators including fertility and mortality rates for the country as a whole and for six major subdivisions (Urban Governorates, urban Lower Egypt, rural Lower Egypt, urban Upper Egypt, rural Upper Egypt, and the Frontier Governorates). Unlike earlier EDHS surveys, the sample for the 2014 EDHS was explicitly designed to allow for separate estimates of most key indicators at the governorate level.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Household
- Individual
- Children age 1-17
- Woman age 15-49
- Individual
- Children age 1-17
- Woman age 15-49
Scope
Notes
The 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey covered the following topics:
HOUSEHOLD
• Usual members and visitors in the selected households
• Background information on each person listed, such as relationship to head of the household, age, sex, marital status, survivorship and residence of biological parents, highest educational attainment, child care, home injury and accidents, and disability
• Characteristics of the household's dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor, and ownership of various durable goods (these items are used as proxy indicators of the household's socioeconomic status)
• Child labor and discipline
• Weight and height measurement
• Hemoglobin measurement
INDIVIDUAL WOMAN
• Respondent’s background
• Reproduction
• Contraceptive knowledge and use
• Fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Child immunization and health
• Child nutrition
• Husband’s background, women’s work, and health care
• Female circumcision
• HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections
HOUSEHOLD
• Usual members and visitors in the selected households
• Background information on each person listed, such as relationship to head of the household, age, sex, marital status, survivorship and residence of biological parents, highest educational attainment, child care, home injury and accidents, and disability
• Characteristics of the household's dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor, and ownership of various durable goods (these items are used as proxy indicators of the household's socioeconomic status)
• Child labor and discipline
• Weight and height measurement
• Hemoglobin measurement
INDIVIDUAL WOMAN
• Respondent’s background
• Reproduction
• Contraceptive knowledge and use
• Fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Child immunization and health
• Child nutrition
• Husband’s background, women’s work, and health care
• Female circumcision
• HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Health and Population | Government of Arab Republic of Egypt |
| El-Zanaty and Associates |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| ICF International | Technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United States Agency for International Development | USAID | Funded the study |
| United Nations Children’s Fund | UNICEF | Funded the study |
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | Funded the study |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample for the 2014 EDHS was designed to provide estimates of population and health indicators including fertility and mortality rates for the country as a whole and for six major subdivisions (Urban Governorates, urban Lower Egypt, rural Lower Egypt, urban Upper Egypt, rural Upper Egypt, and the Frontier Governorates). The sample also allows for estimates of most key indicators at the governorate level.
In order to allow for separate estimates for the major geographic subdivisions and the governorates, the number of households selected from each of the major subdivisions and each governorate was disproportionate to the size of the population in the units. Thus, the 2014 EDHS sample is not self-weighting at the national level.
A more detailed description of the 2014 EDHS sample design is included in Appendix B of the final report.
In order to allow for separate estimates for the major geographic subdivisions and the governorates, the number of households selected from each of the major subdivisions and each governorate was disproportionate to the size of the population in the units. Thus, the 2014 EDHS sample is not self-weighting at the national level.
A more detailed description of the 2014 EDHS sample design is included in Appendix B of the final report.
Response Rate
A total of 29,471 households selected for the 2014 EDHS, 28,630 households were found. Among those households, 28,175 were successfully interviewed, which represents a response rate of 98.4 percent.
A total of 21,903 women were identified as eligible to be interviewed in 2014 EDHS. Out of these women 21,762 were successfully interviewed, which represents a response rate of 99.4 percent.
The household response rate exceeded 97 percent in all residential categories, and the response rate for eligible women exceeded 98 percent in all areas.
A total of 21,903 women were identified as eligible to be interviewed in 2014 EDHS. Out of these women 21,762 were successfully interviewed, which represents a response rate of 99.4 percent.
The household response rate exceeded 97 percent in all residential categories, and the response rate for eligible women exceeded 98 percent in all areas.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2014-04 | 2014-06 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
Fieldwork for the 2014 EDHS began on April 10, 2014 and was completed in late June 2014. The field staff was divided into 14 teams; each team had 1 supervisor, 1 field editor, 3 to 4 interviewers, and 2 health technicians assigned to height and weight measurement and anemia testing. All supervisors were males, while the field editors and interviewers were females. At least one of the two health technicians on each team was female. During the fieldwork, the 14 field teams worked in separate governorates; the number of governorates assigned to a team varied from one to three, according to the sample size in the governorates. As a quality control measure, field editors regularly conducted re-interviews using a shortened version of the EDHS questionnaire during the fieldwork. The results of the re-interview were compared to the responses in the original interviews and errors were discussed with the interviewer. The teams were closely supervised throughout the fieldwork by a fieldwork coordinator, two assistant fieldwork coordinators, two anthropometric consultants, and other senior staff. Finally, the results of special tabulations, i.e., field check tables, prepared on a weekly basis throughout the data entry and editing of the questionnaires helped to identify field staff whose performance was below expectation. They were the target of immediate feedback and more intensive monitoring.
As a further quality control measure, after the main data collection was completed, a random sample of around 10 percent of the households was selected for re-interview using the shortened version of the questionnaire. The visits to PSUs to conduct re-interviews also afforded an opportunity to make callbacks to complete interviews with households or individuals who were not available at the time of the original visit by the 2014 EDHS interviewers. Household or individual questionnaires in which there were significant errors that could not be corrected in the office were also assigned for callbacks. Special teams including staff who had worked in the main survey were organized to handle the callbacks and re-interviews. During this phase of the survey, interviewers were not allowed to work in the governorate in which they had worked in the initial fieldwork. Callbacks and re-interviews began in early June 2014 and took more than three weeks to complete.
As a further quality control measure, after the main data collection was completed, a random sample of around 10 percent of the households was selected for re-interview using the shortened version of the questionnaire. The visits to PSUs to conduct re-interviews also afforded an opportunity to make callbacks to complete interviews with households or individuals who were not available at the time of the original visit by the 2014 EDHS interviewers. Household or individual questionnaires in which there were significant errors that could not be corrected in the office were also assigned for callbacks. Special teams including staff who had worked in the main survey were organized to handle the callbacks and re-interviews. During this phase of the survey, interviewers were not allowed to work in the governorate in which they had worked in the initial fieldwork. Callbacks and re-interviews began in early June 2014 and took more than three weeks to complete.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The 2014 EDHS involved two questionnaires: a household questionnaire and an individual questionnaire. The questionnaires were based on the model survey instruments developed by the MEASURE DHS Phase III project. Questions on a number of topics not covered in the DHS model questionnaires were also included in the 2014 EDHS questionnaires. In some cases, those items were drawn from the questionnaires used for earlier rounds of the DHS in Egypt. In other cases, the questions were intended to collect information on new topics recommended by data users.
The EDHS household questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members of and visitors to the selected households and to collect information on the socioeconomic status of the households as well as on the nutritional status and anemia levels among women and children. The first part of the household questionnaire collected information on the age, sex, marital status, educational attainment, and relationship to the household head of each household member or visitor. These questions were included in order to provide basic demographic data for the EDHS households. They also served to identify the women who were eligible for the individual interview and the women and children who were eligible for anthropometric measurement and anemia testing. In the second part of the household questionnaire, there were questions on housing characteristics (e.g., the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source of water, and the type of toilet facilities) and on ownership of a variety of consumer goods. Special modules collecting information relating to child labor and discipline were also administered in the household questionnaire. Finally, the height and weight measurements and the results of anemia testing among women and children were recorded in the household questionnaire.
The individual questionnaire was administered to all ever-married women age 15-49 who were usual residents or who were present in the household during the night before the interviewer’s visit. It obtained information on the following topics: respondent’s background, reproduction, contraceptive knowledge and use, fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning, pregnancy and breastfeeding, child immunization and health, child nutrition, husband’s background, women’s work, and health care, Female circumcision, and HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections.
In addition, a domestic violence section was administered to women in the subsample of households selected for the anemia testing. One eligible woman was selected randomly from each of the households in the subsample to be asked the domestic violence section.
The individual questionnaire also included a monthly calendar covering the period between January 2009 and the interview. A history of the respondent’s marital, fertility, and contraceptive use status during each month in the period was recorded in the calendar. If the respondent reported discontinuing a segment of contraceptive use during a month, the main reason for the discontinuation was noted in the calendar.
The EDHS household questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members of and visitors to the selected households and to collect information on the socioeconomic status of the households as well as on the nutritional status and anemia levels among women and children. The first part of the household questionnaire collected information on the age, sex, marital status, educational attainment, and relationship to the household head of each household member or visitor. These questions were included in order to provide basic demographic data for the EDHS households. They also served to identify the women who were eligible for the individual interview and the women and children who were eligible for anthropometric measurement and anemia testing. In the second part of the household questionnaire, there were questions on housing characteristics (e.g., the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source of water, and the type of toilet facilities) and on ownership of a variety of consumer goods. Special modules collecting information relating to child labor and discipline were also administered in the household questionnaire. Finally, the height and weight measurements and the results of anemia testing among women and children were recorded in the household questionnaire.
The individual questionnaire was administered to all ever-married women age 15-49 who were usual residents or who were present in the household during the night before the interviewer’s visit. It obtained information on the following topics: respondent’s background, reproduction, contraceptive knowledge and use, fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning, pregnancy and breastfeeding, child immunization and health, child nutrition, husband’s background, women’s work, and health care, Female circumcision, and HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections.
In addition, a domestic violence section was administered to women in the subsample of households selected for the anemia testing. One eligible woman was selected randomly from each of the households in the subsample to be asked the domestic violence section.
The individual questionnaire also included a monthly calendar covering the period between January 2009 and the interview. A history of the respondent’s marital, fertility, and contraceptive use status during each month in the period was recorded in the calendar. If the respondent reported discontinuing a segment of contraceptive use during a month, the main reason for the discontinuation was noted in the calendar.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Office editing. Staff from the central office were responsible for collecting questionnaires from the teams as soon as interviewing in a cluster was completed. Limited office editing took place by office editors for consistency and completeness, and a few questions (e.g., occupation) were coded in the office prior to data entry. To provide feedback for the field teams, the office editors were instructed to note any problems detected while editing the questionnaires; the problems were reviewed by the senior staff and communicated to the field staff. If serious errors were found in one or more questionnaires from a cluster, the supervisor of the team working in that cluster was notified and advised of the steps to be taken to avoid these problems in the future.
Machine entry and editing. Machine entry and editing began while interviewing teams were still in the field. The data from the questionnaires were entered and edited on microcomputers using the Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro), a software package for entering, editing, tabulating, and disseminating data from censuses and surveys.
Fifteen data entry personnel used twelve microcomputers to process the 2014 EDHS survey data. During the data processing, questionnaires were entered twice and the entries were compared to detect and correct keying errors. The data processing staff completed the entry and editing of data by the end of July 2014.
Machine entry and editing. Machine entry and editing began while interviewing teams were still in the field. The data from the questionnaires were entered and edited on microcomputers using the Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro), a software package for entering, editing, tabulating, and disseminating data from censuses and surveys.
Fifteen data entry personnel used twelve microcomputers to process the 2014 EDHS survey data. During the data processing, questionnaires were entered twice and the entries were compared to detect and correct keying errors. The data processing staff completed the entry and editing of data by the end of July 2014.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: non-sampling errors and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (2014 EDHS) to minimize this type of error, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.
Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2014 EDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.
Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2014 EDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. Sampling errors are computed in either ISSA or SAS, using programs developed by ICF Macro. These programs use the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means, proportions or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.
The Taylor linearization method treats any percentage or average as a ratio estimate, r = y/x, where y represents the total sample value for variable y, and x represents the total number of cases in the group or subgroup under consideration.
Note: A more detailed description of estimate of sampling error is presented in APPENDIX C of the survey report.
Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2014 EDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.
Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2014 EDHS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. Sampling errors are computed in either ISSA or SAS, using programs developed by ICF Macro. These programs use the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means, proportions or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.
The Taylor linearization method treats any percentage or average as a ratio estimate, r = y/x, where y represents the total sample value for variable y, and x represents the total number of cases in the group or subgroup under consideration.
Note: A more detailed description of estimate of sampling error is presented in APPENDIX C of the survey report.
Data Appraisal
Data Quality Tables
- Household age distribution
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Completeness of reporting
- Births by calendar years
- Reporting of age at death in days
- Reporting of age at death in months
- Nutritional status of children based on the NCHS/CDC/WHO International Reference Population
Note: See detailed data quality tables in APPENDIX D of the report.
- Household age distribution
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Completeness of reporting
- Births by calendar years
- Reporting of age at death in days
- Reporting of age at death in months
- Nutritional status of children based on the NCHS/CDC/WHO International Reference Population
Note: See detailed data quality tables in APPENDIX D of the report.
Access policy
Contacts
Access conditions
Request Dataset Access
The following applies to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, GPS, and HIV).
To request dataset access, you must first be a registered user of the website. You must then create a new research project request. The request must include a project title and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
The requested data should only be used for the purpose of the research or study. To request the same or different data for another purpose, a new research project request should be submitted. The DHS Program will normally review all data requests within 24 hours (Monday - Friday) and provide notification if access has been granted or additional project information is needed before access can be granted.
DATASET ACCESS APPROVAL PROCESS
Access to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, HIV, and GPS) is requested and granted by country. This means that when approved, full access is granted to all unrestricted survey datasets for that country. Access to HIV and GIS datasets requires an online acknowledgment of the conditions of use.
Required Information
A dataset request must include contact information, a research project title, and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
Restricted Datasets
A few datasets are restricted and these are noted. Access to restricted datasets is requested online as with other datasets. An additional consent form is required for some datasets, and the form will be emailed to you upon authorization of your account. For other restricted surveys, permission must be granted by the appropriate implementing organizations, before The DHS Program can grant access. You will be emailed the information for contacting the implementing organizations. A few restricted surveys are authorized directly within The DHS Program, upon receipt of an email request.
When The DHS Program receives authorization from the appropriate organizations, the user will be contacted, and the datasets made available by secure FTP.
GPS/HIV Datasets/Other Biomarkers
Because of the sensitive nature of GPS, HIV and other biomarkers datasets, permission to access these datasets requires that you accept a Terms of Use Statement. After selecting GPS/HIV/Other Biomarkers datasets, the user is presented with a consent form which should be signed electronically by entering the password for the user's account.
Dataset Terms of Use
Once downloaded, the datasets must not be passed on to other researchers without the written consent of The DHS Program. All reports and publications based on the requested data must be sent to The DHS Program Data Archive in a Portable Document Format (pdf) or a printed hard copy.
Download Datasets
Datasets are made available for download by survey. You will be presented with a list of surveys for which you have been granted dataset access. After selecting a survey, a list of all available datasets for that survey will be displayed, including all survey, GPS, and HIV data files. However, only data types for which you have been granted access will be accessible. To download, simply click on the files that you wish to download and a "File Download" prompt will guide you through the remaining steps.
The following applies to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, GPS, and HIV).
To request dataset access, you must first be a registered user of the website. You must then create a new research project request. The request must include a project title and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
The requested data should only be used for the purpose of the research or study. To request the same or different data for another purpose, a new research project request should be submitted. The DHS Program will normally review all data requests within 24 hours (Monday - Friday) and provide notification if access has been granted or additional project information is needed before access can be granted.
DATASET ACCESS APPROVAL PROCESS
Access to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, HIV, and GPS) is requested and granted by country. This means that when approved, full access is granted to all unrestricted survey datasets for that country. Access to HIV and GIS datasets requires an online acknowledgment of the conditions of use.
Required Information
A dataset request must include contact information, a research project title, and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
Restricted Datasets
A few datasets are restricted and these are noted. Access to restricted datasets is requested online as with other datasets. An additional consent form is required for some datasets, and the form will be emailed to you upon authorization of your account. For other restricted surveys, permission must be granted by the appropriate implementing organizations, before The DHS Program can grant access. You will be emailed the information for contacting the implementing organizations. A few restricted surveys are authorized directly within The DHS Program, upon receipt of an email request.
When The DHS Program receives authorization from the appropriate organizations, the user will be contacted, and the datasets made available by secure FTP.
GPS/HIV Datasets/Other Biomarkers
Because of the sensitive nature of GPS, HIV and other biomarkers datasets, permission to access these datasets requires that you accept a Terms of Use Statement. After selecting GPS/HIV/Other Biomarkers datasets, the user is presented with a consent form which should be signed electronically by entering the password for the user's account.
Dataset Terms of Use
Once downloaded, the datasets must not be passed on to other researchers without the written consent of The DHS Program. All reports and publications based on the requested data must be sent to The DHS Program Data Archive in a Portable Document Format (pdf) or a printed hard copy.
Download Datasets
Datasets are made available for download by survey. You will be presented with a list of surveys for which you have been granted dataset access. After selecting a survey, a list of all available datasets for that survey will be displayed, including all survey, GPS, and HIV data files. However, only data types for which you have been granted access will be accessible. To download, simply click on the files that you wish to download and a "File Download" prompt will guide you through the remaining steps.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Access authority
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| The DHS Program | archive@dhsprogram.com | Link |
Location of Data Collection
The DHS Program
Archive where study is originally stored
The DHS Program
http://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm
Cost: None
http://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm
Cost: None
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_EGY_2014_DHS_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
Date of Metadata Production
2015-05-14
DDI Document version
Version 01 (May 2015). Metadata is excerpted from "Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2014" Report.