Living Standards Survey 1997-1998
Vietnam, 1997 - 1998
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Reference ID
VNM_1997_VLSS_v01_M
Producer(s)
General Statistical Office (GSO)
Collection(s)
Metadata
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Oct 13, 2016
Last modified
Jan 30, 2020
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Identification
Survey ID Number
VNM_1997_VLSS_v01_M
Title
Living Standards Survey 1997-1998
Country/Economy
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Vietnam | VNM |
Study type
Living Standards Measurement Study [hh/lsms]
Series Information
This is the second Living Standards Survey conducted (VLSS) in Vietnam and it is partially panel with the first VLSS which was conducted in 1992/1993.
Abstract
The first Vietnam Living Standards Survey (VLSS) was conducted in 1992-93 by the State Planning Committee (SPC) (now Ministry of Planning and Investment) along with the General Statistical Office (GSO). The second VLSS was conducted by the GSO in 1997-98. Both VLSS surveys were funded by UNDP and Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA). The survey was part of the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) household surveys conducted in a number of developing countries with technical assistance from the World Bank.
The second VLSS was designed to provide an up-to-date source of data on households to be used in policy design, monitoring of living standards and evaluation of policies and programs. The timing of the second VLSS approximately five years after the first allows analysis of medium term trends in living standards as a large part of the questionnaire is the same in both surveys.
In addition to the purpose of obtaining a comprehensive and comparable data set to the 1992-93 VLSS for policy analysis, the survey also served as a medium for training and improving survey methods and analysis within the General Statistical Office of Vietnam (GSO), the agency in charge of designing and implementing the second round of the VLSS as well as other government agencies involved in social statistics.
The second VLSS was designed to provide an up-to-date source of data on households to be used in policy design, monitoring of living standards and evaluation of policies and programs. The timing of the second VLSS approximately five years after the first allows analysis of medium term trends in living standards as a large part of the questionnaire is the same in both surveys.
In addition to the purpose of obtaining a comprehensive and comparable data set to the 1992-93 VLSS for policy analysis, the survey also served as a medium for training and improving survey methods and analysis within the General Statistical Office of Vietnam (GSO), the agency in charge of designing and implementing the second round of the VLSS as well as other government agencies involved in social statistics.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Households
- Individuals
- Community
- Schools
- Health Centers
- Individuals
- Community
- Schools
- Health Centers
Scope
Notes
The 1997-1998 Vietnam Living Standard Survey covered the following topics:
HOUSEHOLD
- Survey Information
- Status of the 1992-1993 Dwelling and Household
- Summary of Survey Results
- Household Roster
• Information on parents of household members
• Children of household members who are living elsewhere and not members of the Household
• Members of the household in VLSS 1992-1993
- Education
• Information on previous schooling
• Information on current schooling
• Repeating grades
• Education expenditures
• Literacy and vocational/ technical training
- Health
- Employment
• Type of work and job search
• Main job during the past 7 days
• Secondary job during the past 7 days
• Main job during the past 12 months
• Secondary job in the past 12 months
• Self-employed agricultural, forestry and aquaculture work in past 12 months
• Employment history
• Other activities
- Migration
- Housing
• Type of dwelling
• Housing expenses
• Characteristics of housing
- Respondents for Second Round
- Fertility and Contraception
• Fertility History
• Family Planning
- Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Activities
• Annual cropland
• Other cultivated land
• Land rented or borrowed in
• Land rented or lent out
• Swidden land, allocation, exchange, inheritance, purchase, sale, transfer, and return of land
• Rice
• Other food crops
• Annual industrial crops
• Perennial industrial crops
• Fruit crops
• Agro-forestry crops
• Crop by-products
• Farm expenditures
• Other farm production factors
• Processing of home-produced crops at home
• Livestock
• Other animal products
• Aquaculture
• Livestock development services
• Livestock expenditure (including water products)
• Hands tools
• Farm equipment, machinery, tools
- Non-farm Self-employment
• Information
• Expenditures
• Revenues
• Business assets
- Food Expenses and Home Production
• Holiday expenses
• Regular expenses
- Non-food Expenditures and Durable Goods
- Income from Remittances
• Other income
- Borrowing, Lending and Savings
• Borrowing
• Lending
• Savings and current liquid asset holdings
- Health Check (height, weight and arm circumference)
COMMUNE/ WARD
- Survey Information
- Basic Physical and Demographic Characteristics of the Commune/ Ward and Selected Villages/ Blocks
- General Economic Conditions, Aid and Relief Programs
- Non-farm Employment Opportunities
- Agriculture
- Credit and Savings
- Physical Infrastructure and Transportation
- Commune Fiscal Information
- Education
- Health
COMMUNE HEALTH CENTER
- General Situation
- Health Workers and Hours of Operation
- Equipment and Services
- Ability to Supply Medicines
- Fees
SCHOOL
- General Situation
- Facility and Staff of the School
- Physical Facilities
- Teaching Equipment
- Examination Results
- Finance and School Fees
PRICE
- Food Prices
- Non-food Items Prices
- Service Prices
- Medicine Prices
- Fertilizer and Pesticide Prices
HOUSEHOLD
- Survey Information
- Status of the 1992-1993 Dwelling and Household
- Summary of Survey Results
- Household Roster
• Information on parents of household members
• Children of household members who are living elsewhere and not members of the Household
• Members of the household in VLSS 1992-1993
- Education
• Information on previous schooling
• Information on current schooling
• Repeating grades
• Education expenditures
• Literacy and vocational/ technical training
- Health
- Employment
• Type of work and job search
• Main job during the past 7 days
• Secondary job during the past 7 days
• Main job during the past 12 months
• Secondary job in the past 12 months
• Self-employed agricultural, forestry and aquaculture work in past 12 months
• Employment history
• Other activities
- Migration
- Housing
• Type of dwelling
• Housing expenses
• Characteristics of housing
- Respondents for Second Round
- Fertility and Contraception
• Fertility History
• Family Planning
- Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Activities
• Annual cropland
• Other cultivated land
• Land rented or borrowed in
• Land rented or lent out
• Swidden land, allocation, exchange, inheritance, purchase, sale, transfer, and return of land
• Rice
• Other food crops
• Annual industrial crops
• Perennial industrial crops
• Fruit crops
• Agro-forestry crops
• Crop by-products
• Farm expenditures
• Other farm production factors
• Processing of home-produced crops at home
• Livestock
• Other animal products
• Aquaculture
• Livestock development services
• Livestock expenditure (including water products)
• Hands tools
• Farm equipment, machinery, tools
- Non-farm Self-employment
• Information
• Expenditures
• Revenues
• Business assets
- Food Expenses and Home Production
• Holiday expenses
• Regular expenses
- Non-food Expenditures and Durable Goods
- Income from Remittances
• Other income
- Borrowing, Lending and Savings
• Borrowing
• Lending
• Savings and current liquid asset holdings
- Health Check (height, weight and arm circumference)
COMMUNE/ WARD
- Survey Information
- Basic Physical and Demographic Characteristics of the Commune/ Ward and Selected Villages/ Blocks
- General Economic Conditions, Aid and Relief Programs
- Non-farm Employment Opportunities
- Agriculture
- Credit and Savings
- Physical Infrastructure and Transportation
- Commune Fiscal Information
- Education
- Health
COMMUNE HEALTH CENTER
- General Situation
- Health Workers and Hours of Operation
- Equipment and Services
- Ability to Supply Medicines
- Fees
SCHOOL
- General Situation
- Facility and Staff of the School
- Physical Facilities
- Teaching Equipment
- Examination Results
- Finance and School Fees
PRICE
- Food Prices
- Non-food Items Prices
- Service Prices
- Medicine Prices
- Fertilizer and Pesticide Prices
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| General Statistical Office (GSO) |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| The World Bank | Technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Swedish International Development Authority | SIDA |
| United Nations Development Program | UNDP |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The survey sample was selected to be representative for the whole country, taking into account available funding, geographical conditions, organizational capacity and staff competence. The sample size was set at 6000 households selected from provinces and cities throughout the country, but excluding islands due to logistical difficulties in traveling and conducting the survey in those locations.
The sample for the 1997-1998 VLSS was primarily selected from the households selected in the original 150 communes/wards of the 1992-1993 VLSS. The sample was increased by 1200 households with these additional households obtained from the sample of the Multi-purpose Household survey (MPHS) which was based on a similar sampling methodology. Replacement households were selected randomly from within the clusters of the survey and used where necessary.
The selection of the original sample of 4800 households from VLSS 1992-1993 followed a method of stratified random cluster sampling. The basic sample frame was obtained from the 1989 Population Census. The sampling procedures took into account that communes or wards are the basic local level administrative unit, and each commune/ward has a number of villages or urban residential blocks. The number of households selected in a given cluster was determined primarily based on the requirements for organization of interview teams and time needed for each household interview on location.
Based on the sampling frame including two lists, list of communes and list of wards (or equivalent administrative units) throughout the country with the number of households in each commune/ward obtained from the 1989 Population Census, the sample of the 1992-1993 VLSS was selected in three steps, independently for urban and rural areas:
Step 1: Random selection of 120 communes and 30 wards throughout the country based on the method of probability proportional to the number of households in those villages or wards. The selection of primary sampling units (communes) was stratified by urban and rural areas based on the results of the 1989 Census that 80% of the population was living in rural areas and 20% in urban areas.
Step 2: Within each selected commune, two villages or urban residential blocks were selected randomly by the method of probability proportional to the number of households as in the first stage of sampling. Thus, 240 villages and 60 residential blocks were selected.
Step 3: Within each selected village or residential block, 20 households were randomly selected by systematic method with equal probability, including 16 official and 4 alternate households.
To eliminate the effect of the seasonal differences, the rotation method of sample was adopted: the 6000 surveyed households were divided into 10 sub-samples and each sub-sample was surveyed for one month.
Sampling procedure is explained in details in the document called "Vietnam Living Standards Survey (VLSS), 1997-98", available in this documentation.
The sample for the 1997-1998 VLSS was primarily selected from the households selected in the original 150 communes/wards of the 1992-1993 VLSS. The sample was increased by 1200 households with these additional households obtained from the sample of the Multi-purpose Household survey (MPHS) which was based on a similar sampling methodology. Replacement households were selected randomly from within the clusters of the survey and used where necessary.
The selection of the original sample of 4800 households from VLSS 1992-1993 followed a method of stratified random cluster sampling. The basic sample frame was obtained from the 1989 Population Census. The sampling procedures took into account that communes or wards are the basic local level administrative unit, and each commune/ward has a number of villages or urban residential blocks. The number of households selected in a given cluster was determined primarily based on the requirements for organization of interview teams and time needed for each household interview on location.
Based on the sampling frame including two lists, list of communes and list of wards (or equivalent administrative units) throughout the country with the number of households in each commune/ward obtained from the 1989 Population Census, the sample of the 1992-1993 VLSS was selected in three steps, independently for urban and rural areas:
Step 1: Random selection of 120 communes and 30 wards throughout the country based on the method of probability proportional to the number of households in those villages or wards. The selection of primary sampling units (communes) was stratified by urban and rural areas based on the results of the 1989 Census that 80% of the population was living in rural areas and 20% in urban areas.
Step 2: Within each selected commune, two villages or urban residential blocks were selected randomly by the method of probability proportional to the number of households as in the first stage of sampling. Thus, 240 villages and 60 residential blocks were selected.
Step 3: Within each selected village or residential block, 20 households were randomly selected by systematic method with equal probability, including 16 official and 4 alternate households.
To eliminate the effect of the seasonal differences, the rotation method of sample was adopted: the 6000 surveyed households were divided into 10 sub-samples and each sub-sample was surveyed for one month.
Sampling procedure is explained in details in the document called "Vietnam Living Standards Survey (VLSS), 1997-98", available in this documentation.
Response Rate
Response rates are shown in details in the document called "Vietnam Living Standards Survey (VLSS), 1997-98 Basic Information", available in this documentation.
Weighting
Weighting procedures are explained in details in the document called "Vietnam Living Standards Survey (VLSS), 1997-98 Basic Information", available in this documentation.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1997-12 | 1998-12 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The second round of the VLSS used 5 questionnaires: household, commune, price, school and clinic.
- Household Questionnaire: The household questionnaire contains 15 sections each of which covered a separate aspect of household activity.
- Commune/Ward Questionnaire: A completely new commune questionnaire was developed for the 1997-98 VLSS survey with a greatly expanded content. A few questions in the 1992-93 questionnaire were dropped or moved to other questionnaires (see below). The commune questionnaire was administered by the team supervisor and completed with the help of village chiefs, teachers, government officials and health care workers. The questionnaire was administered only in rural and minor urban areas, i.e. communes 37 to 194, corresponding to villages 73 to 388. Some sections of the questionnaire contain village/block level information, while most of the commune questionnaire refers to the commune. The commune questionnaire contains 10 sections.
- Price Questionnaire: Price data were collected in all clusters, both urban and rural by the anthropometrist for 36 food items, 33 non-food items, 6 services, 10 pharmaceutical products, and 7 agricultural inputs. Three separate observations were made and these did not necessarily involve actual purchase. However, it is possible that as the anthropometrist is not a local person, the prices quoted are not the true prices of the locality. This information was utilized in checking unit prices in the consumption modules, and for calculating poverty lines. Price indices utilized for adjusting monetary figures to real values were obtained from the GSO CPI unit. Details on how and where prices were to be collected can be found in the anthropometry manual. The actual locations of price collection were recorded in the questionnaires, but unfortunately not entered in the computer files.
- School Questionnaire: The school questionnaires were implemented by the team supervisor to all schools within the two villages selected within a commune. There are between 1 and 7 school questionnaires filled in per commune.
- Commune Health Station Questionnaire: The commune health station questionnaire was implemented by the team supervisor. The respondent could be the director, doctor or physician’s assistant of the health station.
- Household Questionnaire: The household questionnaire contains 15 sections each of which covered a separate aspect of household activity.
- Commune/Ward Questionnaire: A completely new commune questionnaire was developed for the 1997-98 VLSS survey with a greatly expanded content. A few questions in the 1992-93 questionnaire were dropped or moved to other questionnaires (see below). The commune questionnaire was administered by the team supervisor and completed with the help of village chiefs, teachers, government officials and health care workers. The questionnaire was administered only in rural and minor urban areas, i.e. communes 37 to 194, corresponding to villages 73 to 388. Some sections of the questionnaire contain village/block level information, while most of the commune questionnaire refers to the commune. The commune questionnaire contains 10 sections.
- Price Questionnaire: Price data were collected in all clusters, both urban and rural by the anthropometrist for 36 food items, 33 non-food items, 6 services, 10 pharmaceutical products, and 7 agricultural inputs. Three separate observations were made and these did not necessarily involve actual purchase. However, it is possible that as the anthropometrist is not a local person, the prices quoted are not the true prices of the locality. This information was utilized in checking unit prices in the consumption modules, and for calculating poverty lines. Price indices utilized for adjusting monetary figures to real values were obtained from the GSO CPI unit. Details on how and where prices were to be collected can be found in the anthropometry manual. The actual locations of price collection were recorded in the questionnaires, but unfortunately not entered in the computer files.
- School Questionnaire: The school questionnaires were implemented by the team supervisor to all schools within the two villages selected within a commune. There are between 1 and 7 school questionnaires filled in per commune.
- Commune Health Station Questionnaire: The commune health station questionnaire was implemented by the team supervisor. The respondent could be the director, doctor or physician’s assistant of the health station.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social and Environmental Statistics Department | General Statistics Office | xahoimoitruong@gso.gov.vn | Link |
| LSMS Data Manager | The World Bank | lsms@worldbank.org | surveys.worldbank.org/lsms |
| World Bank Microdata Library | microdata@worldbank.org |
Access conditions
The 1992/93 and 1997/98 Viet Nam Living Standards Survey (VLSS), and 2002 and 2004 Viet Nam Household Living Standards Survey data are the property of the government of Vietnam. Permission to use the VLSS data must be obtained from the General Statistical Office in Hanoi, Vietnam. The request should be submitted to:
Mr. Nguyen The Quan
Department of Social and Environment Statistics
General Statistical Office
2, Hoang Van Thu Street
Hanoi, Vietnam
fax: 84-4-846-3511 or 84-4-846-4345
e-mail: ntquan@gso.gov.vn
The request should include a brief (one page) explanation of the proposed research.
TENTATIVE FEES FOR USE OF THE DATA
Fee for one data set
A. For Vietnamese individuals and Vietnamese organizations
· Vietnamese organizations with domestic budget: $US200*
· Vietnamese organizations with financial support from foreign and international budget: $US400*
· Vietnamese individual with own pocket money: $US100
*In the case of institutions, the fee paid allows many people/projects belonging to the institutions to utilize the data.
B. For foreigners/ foreign or international organizations:
· Foreign or international organizations: $US2000*
· Individual foreigners using the data set for own research/study/lectures preparation:
· Citizens of a developing country: $US200
· Citizens of a developed country: $US500
*In the case of institutions, the fee paid allows many people/projects belonging to the institutions to utilize the data.
Fee for two data sets:
1.5 times higher than the fee for one data set
PAYMENT
An additional $US20 fee is required for shipping the CD-ROM by airmail.
The procedure on getting the VLSS data sets is as follows:
Pay the fee for data set(s) to the following account with a bank transfer. DO NOT SEND PERSONAL CHECKS:
Account name: TONG CUC THONG KE
Account number: 001 1 37 008159 0
Bank name: BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIET NAM
Bank address: 23 Phan Chu Trinh Street, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Once the bank confirms that the payment for the fee is available in the account, a CD-ROM with data set(s) and related materials will be sent to you by airmail.
CONDITIONS OF USE
The user must respect the copyright of the data and should not allow other users to use the data without permission of the GSO. The user is requested to send to the GSO the results of use of the data at least one month before their publication.
Mr. Nguyen The Quan
Department of Social and Environment Statistics
General Statistical Office
2, Hoang Van Thu Street
Hanoi, Vietnam
fax: 84-4-846-3511 or 84-4-846-4345
e-mail: ntquan@gso.gov.vn
The request should include a brief (one page) explanation of the proposed research.
TENTATIVE FEES FOR USE OF THE DATA
Fee for one data set
A. For Vietnamese individuals and Vietnamese organizations
· Vietnamese organizations with domestic budget: $US200*
· Vietnamese organizations with financial support from foreign and international budget: $US400*
· Vietnamese individual with own pocket money: $US100
*In the case of institutions, the fee paid allows many people/projects belonging to the institutions to utilize the data.
B. For foreigners/ foreign or international organizations:
· Foreign or international organizations: $US2000*
· Individual foreigners using the data set for own research/study/lectures preparation:
· Citizens of a developing country: $US200
· Citizens of a developed country: $US500
*In the case of institutions, the fee paid allows many people/projects belonging to the institutions to utilize the data.
Fee for two data sets:
1.5 times higher than the fee for one data set
PAYMENT
An additional $US20 fee is required for shipping the CD-ROM by airmail.
The procedure on getting the VLSS data sets is as follows:
Pay the fee for data set(s) to the following account with a bank transfer. DO NOT SEND PERSONAL CHECKS:
Account name: TONG CUC THONG KE
Account number: 001 1 37 008159 0
Bank name: BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIET NAM
Bank address: 23 Phan Chu Trinh Street, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Once the bank confirms that the payment for the fee is available in the account, a CD-ROM with data set(s) and related materials will be sent to you by airmail.
CONDITIONS OF USE
The user must respect the copyright of the data and should not allow other users to use the data without permission of the GSO. The user is requested to send to the GSO the results of use of the data at least one month before their publication.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Vietnam General Statistical Office. Vietnam Living Standards Survey 1997-1998. Ref. VNM_1997_VLSS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdatalib.worldbank.org on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Vietnam General Statistical Office. Vietnam Living Standards Survey 1997-1998. Ref. VNM_1997_VLSS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdatalib.worldbank.org on [date].
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social and Environmental Statistics Department | General Statistics Office | xahoimoitruong@gso.gov.vn | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_VNM_1997_VLSS_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| World Bank, Development Economics Data Group | DECDG | Production of metadata |
Date of Metadata Production
2010-06-30
DDI Document version
Version 01 (June 2010).