| Author(s) |
Statistical Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population, of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan The DHS Program, ICF, Rockvill |
| Date |
2018-11-01 |
| Country |
Tajikistan |
| Language |
Russian |
| Table of contents |
TABLES AND FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................................ xiii
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... xv
READING AND UNDERSTANDING TABLES FROM THE 2017 TAJIKISTAN
DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY (TjDHS) ........................................................... xvii
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICATORS ................................................................. xxv
MAP OF TAJIKISTAN ....................................................................................................................... xxviii
1 INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 1
1.1 Survey Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Sample Design ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Questionnaires ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Anthropometry, Anemia Testing, and Blood Pressure Measurement ................................. 3
1.5 Pretest .................................................................................................................................. 3
1.6 Training of Field Staff ......................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Fieldwork ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.8 Data Processing ................................................................................................................... 5
1.9 Response Rates .................................................................................................................... 5
2 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND HOUSEHOLD POPULATION ................................ 7
2.1 Drinking Water Sources and Treatment .............................................................................. 7
2.2 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Exposure to Smoke inside the Home and Other Household Characteristics ....................... 9
2.3.1 Exposure to Smoke inside the Home ..................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Other Housing Characteristics ............................................................................... 9
2.3.3 Household Possessions .......................................................................................... 9
2.4 Household Wealth ............................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Handwashing ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.6 Household Population and Composition ........................................................................... 10
2.7 Children’s Living Arrangements and Orphanhood ........................................................... 11
2.8 Birth Registration .............................................................................................................. 11
2.9 Education ........................................................................................................................... 12
2.9.1 Educational Attainment ....................................................................................... 12
2.9.2 School Attendance ............................................................................................... 12
2.10 Child Discipline ................................................................................................................. 13
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS ............................................................................. 29
3.1 Basic Characteristics of Survey Respondents .................................................................... 29
3.2 Education and Literacy ...................................................................................................... 29
3.3 Mass Media Exposure and Internet Usage ........................................................................ 31
3.4 Employment ...................................................................................................................... 32
3.5 Occupation ......................................................................................................................... 32
3.6 Type of Employment ......................................................................................................... 33
3.7 Employment Abroad.......................................................................................................... 34
3.8 History of Diabetes ............................................................................................................ 34
3.9 History of High Blood Pressure ......................................................................................... 35
3.10 High Blood Pressure .......................................................................................................... 36
3.11 Tobacco Use ...................................................................................................................... 38
4 MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY ................................................................................. 51
4.1 Marital Status ..................................................................................................................... 51
4.2 Polygyny ............................................................................................................................ 52
4.3 Age at First Marriage ......................................................................................................... 52
4.4 Age at First Sexual Intercourse ......................................................................................... 52
4.5 Recent Sexual Activity ...................................................................................................... 53
5 FERTILITY ................................................................................................................................... 59
5.1 Current Fertility ................................................................................................................. 59
5.2 Children Ever Born and Living ......................................................................................... 61
5.3 Birth Intervals .................................................................................................................... 61
5.4 Insusceptibility to Pregnancy ............................................................................................. 61
5.5 Age at First Birth ............................................................................................................... 62
5.6 Teenage Childbearing ........................................................................................................ 63
6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 71
6.1 Desire for Another Child ................................................................................................... 71
6.2 Ideal Family Size ............................................................................................................... 72
6.3 Fertility Planning Status .................................................................................................... 73
6.4 Wanted Fertility Rates ....................................................................................................... 74
7 FAMILY PLANNING .................................................................................................................. 79
7.1 Contraceptive Knowledge and Use ................................................................................... 79
7.2 Knowledge of the Fertile Period ........................................................................................ 81
7.3 Source of Modern Contraceptive Methods ........................................................................ 81
7.4 Informed Choice ................................................................................................................ 82
7.5 Discontinuation of Contraceptives .................................................................................... 82
7.6 Demand for Family Planning ............................................................................................ 83
7.7 Decision Making about Family Planning .......................................................................... 85
7.8 Future Use of Contraception .............................................................................................. 85
7.9 Exposure to Family Planning Messages in the Media ....................................................... 85
7.10 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ....................................................... 85
8 ABORTION ................................................................................................................................... 97
8.1 Pregnancies Ending in Induced Abortion .......................................................................... 97
8.2 Lifetime Experience with Induced Abortion ..................................................................... 98
8.3 Rates of Induced Abortion ................................................................................................. 98
8.4 Use of Contraception before Abortion .............................................................................. 99
8.5 Reasons for Abortion ......................................................................................................... 99
9 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY ...................................................................................... 107
9.1 Infant and Child Mortality ............................................................................................... 108
9.2 Sociodemographic and Biodemographic Risk Factors .................................................... 108
9.3 Perinatal Mortality ........................................................................................................... 110
9.4 High-risk Fertility Behavior ............................................................................................ 111
9.5 Registration of Child Deaths ........................................................................................... 112
10 MATERNAL HEALTH CARE ................................................................................................. 117
10.1 Antenatal Care Coverage and Content ............................................................................ 118
10.1.1 Skilled Providers ................................................................................................ 118
10.1.2 Timing and Number of ANC Visits ................................................................... 119
10.2 Components of ANC Visits ............................................................................................. 119
10.3 Delivery Services ............................................................................................................. 119
10.3.1 Institutional Deliveries ....................................................................................... 120
10.3.2 Skilled Assistance during Delivery .................................................................... 121
10.3.3 Delivery by Cesarean ......................................................................................... 121
10.4 Postnatal Care .................................................................................................................. 122
10.4.1 Postnatal Health Check for Mothers .................................................................. 122
10.4.2 Postnatal Health Check for Newborns ............................................................... 123
10.5 Knowledge of Danger Signs ............................................................................................ 123
10.6 Problems in Accessing Health Care ................................................................................ 124
11 CHILD HEALTH ........................................................................................................................ 139
11.1 Birth Weight .................................................................................................................... 139
11.2 Vaccination of Children................................................................................................... 140
11.2.1 Vaccination Card Ownership and Availability .................................................. 140
11.2.2 Vaccination Coverage ........................................................................................ 140
11.3 Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection ...................................................................... 142
11.4 Fever ................................................................................................................................ 143
11.5 Diarrheal Disease ............................................................................................................. 143
11.5.1 Prevalence of Diarrhea and Treatment or Advice Seeking ................................ 143
11.5.2 Feeding Practices ............................................................................................... 144
11.5.3 Treatment of Diarrhea ........................................................................................ 144
11.5.4 Knowledge of ORS Packets (Rehydron)............................................................ 145
11.6 Treatment of Childhood Illness ....................................................................................... 145
11.7 Disposal of Children’s Stools .......................................................................................... 145
11.8 Knowledge of Danger Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Illness .................................. 146
12 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN ........................................................................ 159
12.1 Nutritional Status of Children .......................................................................................... 159
12.1.1 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children .............................. 159
12.1.2 Data Collection .................................................................................................. 161
12.1.3 Levels of Child Malnutrition ............................................................................. 161
12.2 Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices ...................................................................... 162
12.2.1 Breastfeeding ..................................................................................................... 162
12.2.2 Complementary Feeding .................................................................................... 164
12.2.3 Minimum Acceptable Diet ................................................................................. 165
12.3 Anemia Prevalence in Children ....................................................................................... 166
12.4 Presence of Iodized Salt in Households ........................................................................... 167
12.5 Micronutrient Intake and Supplementation among Children........................................... 168
12.6 Nutritional Status of Women ........................................................................................... 169
12.7 Anemia Prevalence in Women ........................................................................................ 170
12.8 Dietary Diversity in Women ............................................................................................ 172
12.9 Micronutrient Supplementation and Deworming during Pregnancy ............................... 173
13 HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOR .......................... 189
13.1 HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Transmission, and Prevention Methods .................................... 189
13.2 Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission ........................................................... 191
13.3 Discriminatory Attitudes towards People Living with HIV ............................................ 191
13.4 Multiple Sexual Partners ................................................................................................. 192
13.5 Coverage of HIV Testing Services .................................................................................. 192
13.5.1 Awareness of HIV Testing Services and Experience with HIV Testing ........... 193
13.5.2 HIV Testing of Pregnant Women ...................................................................... 193
13.5.3 Knowledge and Use of HIV Self-test Kits ......................................................... 194
13.6 Self-reporting of Sexually Transmitted Infections .......................................................... 194
13.7 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and Behavior among Young Women............................. 195
13.7.1 Knowledge ......................................................................................................... 195
13.7.2 First Sex ............................................................................................................. 195
13.7.3 Coverage of HIV Testing Services .................................................................... 196
14 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ........................................................................................................... 207
14.1 Measurement of Violence ................................................................................................ 208
14.2 Experience of Physical Violence ..................................................................................... 208
14.2.1 Perpetrators of Physical Violence ...................................................................... 209
14.3 Experience of Sexual Violence ........................................................................................ 209
14.3.1 Prevalence of Sexual Violence .......................................................................... 209
14.3.2 Perpetrators of Sexual Violence ......................................................................... 210
14.4 Experience of Different Forms of Violence .................................................................... 210
14.5 Marital Control by Spouse ............................................................................................... 210
14.6 Forms of Spousal Violence .............................................................................................. 211
14.6.1 Prevalence of Spousal Violence ......................................................................... 211
14.6.2 Injuries due to Spousal Violence ....................................................................... 214
14.6.3 Violence Initiated by Women against Their Husbands ...................................... 214
14.7 Help Seeking among Those Who Have Experienced Violence ....................................... 215
15 WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ................................................................................................ 231
15.1 Married Women’s Employment ...................................................................................... 232
15.2 Control over Women’s Earnings ..................................................................................... 232
15.3 Control over Husband’s Earnings .................................................................................... 233
15.4 Women’s Ownership of a House ..................................................................................... 234
15.5 Bank Accounts and Mobile Phones ................................................................................. 235
15.6 Participation in Decision Making .................................................................................... 235
15.7 Attitudes toward Wife Beating ........................................................................................ 236
15.8 Negotiating Sexual Relations .......................................................................................... 237
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................... 251
APPENDIX A SAMPLE DESIGN ......................................................................................................... 253
A.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 253
A.2 Sample Frame .................................................................................................................. 253
A.3 Sample Design and Implementation ................................................................................ 254
A.4 Sample Probabilities and Sampling Weights ................................................................... 255
A.5 Survey Implementation.................................................................................................... 257
APPENDIX B ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS .................................................................... 259
APPENDIX C DATA QUALITY TABLES .......................................................................................... 271
APPENDIX D SURVEY PERSONNEL ................................................................................................ 275
APPENDIX E QUESTIONNAIRES ...................................................................................................... 279
Household ..................................................................................................................................... 281
Women ......................................................................................................................................... 299
Biomarker ...................................................................................................................................... 387
Fieldworker ................................................................................................................................... 397 |
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https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR341/FR341.R.pdf |
