Enterprise Survey 2019
Bulgaria, 2019 - 2020
The World Bank Group, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Investment Bank
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July 28, 2020
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July 28, 2020
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Identification
Survey ID Number
BGR_2019_ES_v01_M
Title
Enterprise Survey 2019
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Bulgaria | BGR |
Study type
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
Series Information
An Enterprise Survey (ES) is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit (FPDEA). The Enterprise Surveys are conducted across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies. Data are used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries.
The ES currently cover over 195,000 firms in 152 countries, of which 144 have been surveyed following the standard methodology. This allows for better comparisons across countries and across time. Data are used to create statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. The ES are also used to build a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time and allow, for example, impact assessments of reforms.
The ES currently cover over 195,000 firms in 152 countries, of which 144 have been surveyed following the standard methodology. This allows for better comparisons across countries and across time. Data are used to create statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. The ES are also used to build a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time and allow, for example, impact assessments of reforms.
Abstract
The survey in Bulgaria was conducted between January 2019 and March 2020. The survey was part of a joint project of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the World Bank Group (WBG). The objective of the Enterprise Survey is to gain an understanding of what firms experience in the private sector.
As part of its strategic goal of building a climate for investment, job creation, and sustainable growth, the World Bank has promoted improving the business environment as a key strategy for development, which has led to a systematic effort in collecting enterprise data across countries. The Enterprise Surveys (ES) are an ongoing World Bank project in collecting both objective data based on firms’ experiences and enterprises’ perception of the environment in which they operate.
As part of its strategic goal of building a climate for investment, job creation, and sustainable growth, the World Bank has promoted improving the business environment as a key strategy for development, which has led to a systematic effort in collecting enterprise data across countries. The Enterprise Surveys (ES) are an ongoing World Bank project in collecting both objective data based on firms’ experiences and enterprises’ perception of the environment in which they operate.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.
Version
Version Description
v01, edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution
Scope
Notes
The Bulgaria 2019 Enterprise Survey covered the following topics:
- General information of the firm/ establishment
- Infrastructure and services
- Sales and supplies
- Management practices
- Degree of competition
- Innovation
- Capacity
- Time use of top manager
- Land and permits
- Crime
- Finance
- Business-Government relations
- Labor
- Business environment
- Performance
- Green Economy Module:
- Environment-related aspects
- Exposure to environmental impacts
- Management and the environment
- Environmental policy and regulation
- Environmental impact of the establishment
- General information of the firm/ establishment
- Infrastructure and services
- Sales and supplies
- Management practices
- Degree of competition
- Innovation
- Capacity
- Time use of top manager
- Land and permits
- Crime
- Finance
- Business-Government relations
- Labor
- Business environment
- Performance
- Green Economy Module:
- Environment-related aspects
- Exposure to environmental impacts
- Management and the environment
- Environmental policy and regulation
- Environmental impact of the establishment
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National.
Geographic Unit
Regions covered are selected based on the number of establishments, contribution to employment, and value added. In most cases these regions are metropolitan areas and reflect the largest centers of economic activity in a country.
Universe
The whole population, or universe of the study, is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the group classification of ISIC Revision 3.1: (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| The World Bank Group |
| European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
| European Investment Bank |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| The World Bank Group | WBG |
| European Bank for Reconstruction and Development | EBRD |
| European Investment Bank | EIB |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample for 2019 Bulgaria ES was selected using stratified random sampling, following the methodology explained in the Sampling Note.
Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region. The original sample design with specific information of the industries and regions chosen is described in: "Bulgaria 2019 Enterprise Survey Implementation Report" Appendix C in the external resources
Industry stratification was done as follows: three manufacturing industries (food, machinery & equipment and other manufacturing) and two services industries (retail and other services). Food (NACE 2 which maps to ISIC Rev. 4.0 codes 10 and 11), Machinery & Equipment (ISIC code 28), Other Manufacturing (ISIC codes 12, 13-27, 29-33), Retail (ISIC code 47) and Other Services (ISIC codes 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 61, 62, 79).
For the Bulgaria ES, size stratification was defined as follows: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (100 or more employees).
Regional stratification for the Bulgaria ES was done across six regions: Severozapaden, Severen Tsentralen, Severoiztochen, Yugoiztochen, Yugozapaden and Yuzhen Tsentralen.
Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region. The original sample design with specific information of the industries and regions chosen is described in: "Bulgaria 2019 Enterprise Survey Implementation Report" Appendix C in the external resources
Industry stratification was done as follows: three manufacturing industries (food, machinery & equipment and other manufacturing) and two services industries (retail and other services). Food (NACE 2 which maps to ISIC Rev. 4.0 codes 10 and 11), Machinery & Equipment (ISIC code 28), Other Manufacturing (ISIC codes 12, 13-27, 29-33), Retail (ISIC code 47) and Other Services (ISIC codes 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 61, 62, 79).
For the Bulgaria ES, size stratification was defined as follows: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (100 or more employees).
Regional stratification for the Bulgaria ES was done across six regions: Severozapaden, Severen Tsentralen, Severoiztochen, Yugoiztochen, Yugozapaden and Yuzhen Tsentralen.
Response Rate
Survey non-response must be differentiated from item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Enterprise Surveys suffer from both problems and different strategies were used to address these issues.
Item non-response was addressed by two strategies:
a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect the refusal to respond (-8) as a different option from don’t know (-9).
b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary. However, there were clear cases of low response. The following graph shows non-response rates for the sales variable, d2, by sector. Please, note that for this specific question, refusals were not separately identified from “Don’t know” responses.
The number of interviews per contacted establishments was 0.11.9 This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units. The share of rejections per contact was 0.78.
Item non-response was addressed by two strategies:
a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect the refusal to respond (-8) as a different option from don’t know (-9).
b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary. However, there were clear cases of low response. The following graph shows non-response rates for the sales variable, d2, by sector. Please, note that for this specific question, refusals were not separately identified from “Don’t know” responses.
The number of interviews per contacted establishments was 0.11.9 This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units. The share of rejections per contact was 0.78.
Weighting
Since the sampling design was stratified and employed differential sampling, individual observations should be properly weighted when making inferences about the population. Under stratified random sampling, unweighted estimates are biased unless sample sizes are proportional to the size of each stratum. With stratification the probability of selection of each unit is, in general, not the same. Consequently, individual observations must be weighted by the inverse of their probability of selection (probability weights or pw in Stata.)
Special care was given to the correct computation of the weights. It was imperative to accurately adjust the totals within each region/industry/size stratum to account for the presence of ineligible units (the firm discontinued businesses or was unattainable, education or government establishments, no reply after having called in different days of the week and in different business hours, no tone in the phone line, answering machine, fax line6, wrong address or moved away and could not get the new references). The information required for the adjustment was collected in the first stage of the implementation: the screening process. Using this information, each stratum cell of the universe was scaled down by the observed proportion of ineligible units within the cell. Once an accurate estimate of the universe cell (projections) was available, weights were computed using the number of completed interviews.
Due to non-response rates, some stratification cells were collapsed for the purposes of weighting, to preserve the representativeness of the sample. The following cells have been transformed: (i) medium and large firms are treated as one cell in Severen Tsentralen for Retail; in Yugozapaden for Retail. (ii) large, medium and small firms are treated as one cell in Yugozapaden for Machinery & Equipment. (iii) medium and small firms are treated as one cell in Yugozapaden for Other Services.
Special care was given to the correct computation of the weights. It was imperative to accurately adjust the totals within each region/industry/size stratum to account for the presence of ineligible units (the firm discontinued businesses or was unattainable, education or government establishments, no reply after having called in different days of the week and in different business hours, no tone in the phone line, answering machine, fax line6, wrong address or moved away and could not get the new references). The information required for the adjustment was collected in the first stage of the implementation: the screening process. Using this information, each stratum cell of the universe was scaled down by the observed proportion of ineligible units within the cell. Once an accurate estimate of the universe cell (projections) was available, weights were computed using the number of completed interviews.
Due to non-response rates, some stratification cells were collapsed for the purposes of weighting, to preserve the representativeness of the sample. The following cells have been transformed: (i) medium and large firms are treated as one cell in Severen Tsentralen for Retail; in Yugozapaden for Retail. (ii) large, medium and small firms are treated as one cell in Yugozapaden for Machinery & Equipment. (iii) medium and small firms are treated as one cell in Yugozapaden for Other Services.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2019-01 | 2020-03 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Data Collectors
| Name |
|---|
| Kantar Public |
| Kantar Bulgaria |
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Enterprise Analysis Unit | The World Bank Group | enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org |
Confidentiality
Citation requirements
The use of this dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name)
- the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online)
Example:
The World Bank, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and European Investment Bank. Bulgaria Enterprise Survey (ES) 2019, Ref. BGR_2019_ES_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
- the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name)
- the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online)
Example:
The World Bank, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and European Investment Bank. Bulgaria Enterprise Survey (ES) 2019, Ref. BGR_2019_ES_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_BGR_2019_ES_v01_M_WB
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank Group | Documentation of the DDI |
Date of Metadata Production
2020-07-10
DDI Document version
Version 1 (July 2020)