Smallholder Rice Farmers in Ghana’s Kpong and Weta Irrigation Projects
Ghana, 2013 - 2015
Get Microdata
Reference ID
GHA_2013-2014_KIP_v01_M
Producer(s)
Daniel Ayalew Ali, Derick Bowen, Klaus Deininger, Markus Goldstein, Angeli Kirk, Tricia Koroknay-Palicz
Collection(s)
Metadata
Created on
Jun 09, 2023
Last modified
Jun 09, 2023
Page views
12336
Downloads
265
Identification
Survey ID Number
GHA_2013-2014_KIP_v01_M
Title
Smallholder Rice Farmers in Ghana’s Kpong and Weta Irrigation Projects
Country/Economy
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ghana | GHA |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Abstract
The Smallholder Rice Farmers in Ghana’s Kpong and Weta Irrigation Projects study sample is comprised of 1,616 smallholder farmers who cultivated rice plots within the two communities, Kpong and Weta, located in Ghana’s Eastern and Volta Regions. Approximately one-third of the study sample farmers are female. Three main data collection rounds took place. A baseline survey in late 2013 captured data on the 2012 major cropping season. And two additional data collection rounds captured data on the 2013 minor and 2014 major cropping seasons, respectively. This study took place as part of the Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP), which is a program funded by the World Bank and USAID that aims to promote agricultural productivity and livelihoods, specifically by linking small farmers into the agricultural value chain. These surveys were conducted with the intent of being used as part of an impact evaluation on the impact of out-grower contracts on smallholder farmers. However, the impact evaluation was discontinued after GADCO, the private sector partner that was operating the out-grower program, changed their plans for the program.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Individual primary cultivators
- Household of primary cultivators
- Household of primary cultivators
Version
Version Description
- v01: Edited, anonymous datasets for public distribution.
Version Date
1999-11-30
Scope
Notes
The scope of the Smallholder Rice Farmers in Ghana's Kpong and Weta Irrigation Projects includes:
- Demographics of primary cultivator and his or her household, including a household roster, ethnicity, geographical orgin, education, political offices, physical abilities, household wealth, household quality, household decision-making, expenditures, attitudes, a short term memory test, parcel rosters, and land holding details.
- Farming activities, agricultural production, crop area (all crops farmed by household), livestock, farm safety, farmer information networks, and productivity.
- Income from wage employment and paid labor (all HH members), income from non-farm self-employment, and other income generating activities.
- Access to land: quantity held and farmed, tenure security, land quality, and improvements.
- Use of agricultural inputs (all chemical, mechanical, and labor inputs) and technologies.
- Labor use on agricultural plots, including hired labor.
- Use of credit including credit constraints, loan applications, loans taken, loans given out, and remittances (in and out).
- Output markets (for rice only).
- Demographics of primary cultivator and his or her household, including a household roster, ethnicity, geographical orgin, education, political offices, physical abilities, household wealth, household quality, household decision-making, expenditures, attitudes, a short term memory test, parcel rosters, and land holding details.
- Farming activities, agricultural production, crop area (all crops farmed by household), livestock, farm safety, farmer information networks, and productivity.
- Income from wage employment and paid labor (all HH members), income from non-farm self-employment, and other income generating activities.
- Access to land: quantity held and farmed, tenure security, land quality, and improvements.
- Use of agricultural inputs (all chemical, mechanical, and labor inputs) and technologies.
- Labor use on agricultural plots, including hired labor.
- Use of credit including credit constraints, loan applications, loans taken, loans given out, and remittances (in and out).
- Output markets (for rice only).
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The Kpong Irrigation Project (KIP) is located in the Greater Accra Region, in Shai Osudoku District, along the Volta River, and is fed from the Kpong Dam (also known as Akuse) dam. The KIP covers 3,000 hectares, and its headquarters are in Asutsuare. The Weta Irrigation Project (WIP) is located in the Volta Region, in Ketu North District, just west of Lomé. The WIP covers approximately 900 hectares.
Universe
The study sample is comprised of individuals who are the primary cultivators (PCs) of plots within the Kpong and Weta irrigation projects.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Daniel Ayalew Ali | The World Bank |
| Derick Bowen | Millennium Challenge Corporation |
| Klaus Deininger | The World Bank |
| Markus Goldstein | The World Bank |
| Angeli Kirk | The World Bank |
| Tricia Koroknay-Palicz | The World Bank |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| The World Bank | WB |
| United States Agency of International Development | USAID |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample design for the surveys conducted with primary cultivators of the 2013 Smallholder Rice Farmers in Ghana's Kpong and Weta Irrigation Project involved the following four main steps:
1) The Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) provided a list of plots within the Kpong and Weta Irrigation Projects. This list included 3,065 plots in Kpong and 1,087 plots in Weta, as well as the name of the leaseholder for each plot.
2) The study met with the Kpong Irrigation Project (KIP) and Weta Irrigation Project (WIP) block leaders. With the help of the block leaders, plots that were vacant, waterlogged, had no owner, or were owned by a private firm or institutions were removed from the list. Plots that were de facto subdivided for use by multiple cultivators were counted as multiple plots. And names of the primary cultivators (PC)s for each plot were secured. After this process the resulting number of plots and PCs in the KIP was 2,606 plots with 1,875 PCs and in WIP was 1,093 plots with 993 PCs. In total, 31% of PCs were female; 78% were plot owners; 16% were renters; and 6% were both owners and renters.
3) The study decided to enroll in the sample 1,600 of these PCs. All female PCs were drawn into the sample, to achieve as close to a balanced sample as possible by gender. And a random subset of male cultivators were drawn into the sample, stratifying on number of plots (one plot or more than one plot), tenure type (owner, renter, or owner and renter), and irrigation site (Kpong or Weta). For Kpong only, the study also stratified on plot section.
4) The selected individuals were screened for their willingness to participate in the study and interest in participating in the Global Agricultural Development Company's (GADCO) Copa Connect Smallholder Program (CCSP). The study sample was then formed only of those individuals who were interested in participating in CCSP and who completed the baseline survey. Those who did not meet these criteria were replaced, with replacements randomly drawn from within the same strata as the replaced farmer, where possible. For cases where the sample frame contained no more cultivators within that strata (primarily in the case of female cultivators), a cultivator was randomly drawn from all remaining primary cultivators. The target number was exceeded by 16, such that a total of 1,616 PCs were enrolled in the study sample.
Two additional survey modules were conducted:
A) For the Input Seller Survey, all individual persons or shop establishments that sell chemical inputs within the study communities, including herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and fertilizer for rice production, were included.
B) For the Labor Wage Survey 14 focus groups were created: one in each of the 14 community groupings. Each focus group was comprised of between 7 and 10 individuals. Focus groups were formed from a listing of agricultural laborers, which gave particular attention to gender, community of residence, the agricultural tasks the laborer specialized in, and whether the laborer has been involved in this activity since the 2012 major season, to ensure a fair representation of gender, labor, task and communities. The listing was done with the assistance of a popular person, block leader, or family head who directed the survey enumerators to places where laborers could be found.
1) The Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) provided a list of plots within the Kpong and Weta Irrigation Projects. This list included 3,065 plots in Kpong and 1,087 plots in Weta, as well as the name of the leaseholder for each plot.
2) The study met with the Kpong Irrigation Project (KIP) and Weta Irrigation Project (WIP) block leaders. With the help of the block leaders, plots that were vacant, waterlogged, had no owner, or were owned by a private firm or institutions were removed from the list. Plots that were de facto subdivided for use by multiple cultivators were counted as multiple plots. And names of the primary cultivators (PC)s for each plot were secured. After this process the resulting number of plots and PCs in the KIP was 2,606 plots with 1,875 PCs and in WIP was 1,093 plots with 993 PCs. In total, 31% of PCs were female; 78% were plot owners; 16% were renters; and 6% were both owners and renters.
3) The study decided to enroll in the sample 1,600 of these PCs. All female PCs were drawn into the sample, to achieve as close to a balanced sample as possible by gender. And a random subset of male cultivators were drawn into the sample, stratifying on number of plots (one plot or more than one plot), tenure type (owner, renter, or owner and renter), and irrigation site (Kpong or Weta). For Kpong only, the study also stratified on plot section.
4) The selected individuals were screened for their willingness to participate in the study and interest in participating in the Global Agricultural Development Company's (GADCO) Copa Connect Smallholder Program (CCSP). The study sample was then formed only of those individuals who were interested in participating in CCSP and who completed the baseline survey. Those who did not meet these criteria were replaced, with replacements randomly drawn from within the same strata as the replaced farmer, where possible. For cases where the sample frame contained no more cultivators within that strata (primarily in the case of female cultivators), a cultivator was randomly drawn from all remaining primary cultivators. The target number was exceeded by 16, such that a total of 1,616 PCs were enrolled in the study sample.
Two additional survey modules were conducted:
A) For the Input Seller Survey, all individual persons or shop establishments that sell chemical inputs within the study communities, including herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and fertilizer for rice production, were included.
B) For the Labor Wage Survey 14 focus groups were created: one in each of the 14 community groupings. Each focus group was comprised of between 7 and 10 individuals. Focus groups were formed from a listing of agricultural laborers, which gave particular attention to gender, community of residence, the agricultural tasks the laborer specialized in, and whether the laborer has been involved in this activity since the 2012 major season, to ensure a fair representation of gender, labor, task and communities. The listing was done with the assistance of a popular person, block leader, or family head who directed the survey enumerators to places where laborers could be found.
Response Rate
The baseline survey captured data from the full sample of 1,616 PCs, and the High Frequency Data Collection (HFDC) rounds from a subset. For HFDC round 1, the study attempted to collect data from all of the PCs assigned to the control group (808), and from those PCs assigned to the treatment group who participated in CCSP during the 2013 minor season (188). During HFDC round 1, 97% of the targeted 996 PCs were interviewed. For HFDC round 2, the study attempted to collect data from all 1,616 PCs in the study sample, and was successful in interviewing 1,613 PCs.
Input sellers who responded to the Input Seller Survey in study communities totaled 22.
For the Labor Wage Survey 14 focus groups were created. Each focus group was comprised of between 7 and 10 individuals.
Input sellers who responded to the Input Seller Survey in study communities totaled 22.
For the Labor Wage Survey 14 focus groups were created. Each focus group was comprised of between 7 and 10 individuals.
Weighting
None
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-08-01 | 2013-11-01 | Baseline |
| 2014-01-01 | 2014-07-01 | HF round 1 |
| 2014-06-01 | 2014-06-30 | Labor wage survey and input seller survey |
| 2014-07-01 | 2014-09-01 | HF round 2 module 1 |
| 2014-10-01 | 2015-02-01 | HF round 2 module 2 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Access policy
Confidentiality
Users of the data agree to keep confidential all data contained in these datasets and to make no attempt to identify, trace or contact any individual whose data is included in these datasets.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example,
The World Bank & Millenium Challenge Corporation. Smallholder Rice Farmers in Ghana's Kpong and Weta Irrigation Projects. Ref. GHA_2013-2014_KIP_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example,
The World Bank & Millenium Challenge Corporation. Smallholder Rice Farmers in Ghana's Kpong and Weta Irrigation Projects. Ref. GHA_2013-2014_KIP_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_GHA_2013-2014_KIPS_v01_M_WB
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Documentation of the study |
Date of Metadata Production
2019-07-15
DDI Document version
Version 01 (July 2019)