Micro-Enterprise Survey 2009
Togo, 2009
Get MicrodataIdentification
TGO_2009_MS_v01_M_WB
Micro-Enterprise Survey 2009
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Togo | TGO |
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
An Enterprise Survey is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. The Enterprise Surveys are conducted across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies. Data are used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries.
In some countries, unregistered businesses and firms with a small number of employees make up a large part of the economy. Micro-Enterprise Surveys target registered establishments with one to four employees, while traditional Enterprise Surveys focus on businesses with five or more workers. Sampling techniques and questionnaires are similar for Micro-Enterprise and Enterprise Surveys.
Micro-Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. The questionnaire also assesses the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.
Sample survey data [ssd]
The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.
Coverage
National
Regions covered are selected based on the number of establishments, contribution to employment, and value added. In most cases these regions are metropolitan areas and reflect the largest centers of economic activity in a country.
The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| World Bank |
| Name |
|---|
| World Bank |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| TNS Opinion | Assistance in survey coordination |
| Research & Marketing Services (RMS) - Ltd. Nigeria | Assistance in survey coordination |
Sampling
Sampling techniques are similar for Enterprise and Micro-Enterprise surveys.
150 registered establishments with one to four employees (micro) were targeted for interviews: 17 firms in manufacturing sector and 133 businesses in services sector.
In Enterprise and Micro-Enterprise surveys, the requirements for registration are defined on a country-by-country basis. In Togo, registered firms were defined as firms registered at the Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Togo and the Societe d'administration de la Zone Franche Registers.
Three frames were used for Togo: the Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Togo 2007, the AGET (Association des Grandes Enterprises du Togo) 2009 list, and the SAZOF (Societe d'administration de la Zone franche) 2009 list. The three databases contained the following information:
-Name of the firm
-Contact details
-ISIC code
-Number of employees.
The enumerated establishments were then used as the frame for the selection of a sample with the aim of obtaining interviews.
Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 57.4% (619 out of 1,079 establishments for the ES and micro samples).
The Micro-Enterprise Surveys, along with all other surveys, suffer from both survey non-response and item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Different strategies were used to address these issues.
Survey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially sampled. When the survey frame was extracted from the sampling frame, several establishments with the same strata characteristics were randomly selected for each interview and each establishment was assigned a preference number. Substitutions of replacement establishments were made in order to help achieve targets on the number of interviews for each stratum. Extensive efforts were made to complete interviews with each first preference establishment before contact with a replacement establishment was allowed. At least four attempts were made to contact each sampled establishment for an interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment was allowed to be contacted for an interview.
For micro firms the number of contacted establishments per realized interview was 3.70. For each establishment eligible for an interview, 0.30 refused to participate.
In completed surveys, item non-response was addressed by two strategies:
a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect the "Refusal to respond" (-8) as a different option from "Don't know" (-9).
b- Establishments with incomplete information on important questions including total sales, cost figures and employment levels were re-contacted in order to complete this information. However, re-contacts did not fully eliminate low response rates for some items.
Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Togo Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.
For some units it was impossible to determine eligibility because the contact was not successfully completed. Consequently, different assumptions as to their eligibility result in different universe cells' adjustments and in different sampling weights. Three sets of assumptions were considered:
a- Strict assumption: eligible establishments are only those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility.
b- Median assumption: eligible establishments are those for which it was possible to directly determine eligibility and those that rejected the screener questionnaire or an answering machine or fax was the only response. Median weights are used for computing indicators on the www.enterprisesurveys.org.
c- Weak assumption: in addition to the establishments included in points a and b, all establishments for which it was not possible to finalize a contact are assumed eligible. This includes establishments with dead or out of service phone lines, establishments that never answered the phone, and establishments with incorrect addresses for which it was impossible to find a new address. Note that under the weak assumption only observed non-eligible units are excluded from universe projections.
Survey instrument
The current survey instruments are available:
- Services Questionnaire
- Manufacturing Questionnaire
- Screener Questionnaire.
The Services Questionnaire is administered to the establishments in the services sector. The Manufacturing Questionnaire is built upon the Services Questionnaire and adds specific questions relevant to manufacturing.
Micro-Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. The questionnaire also assesses the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2009-07 | 2009-10 |
| Name |
|---|
| RMS Ghana |
Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Togo Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.
Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and corruption-related topics, private contractors are preferred over any government agency or an organization/institution associated with government, and are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.
The Enterprise Surveys are usually implemented following a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a screener questionnaire is applied over the phone to determine eligibility and to make appointments; in the second stage, a face-to-face interview takes place with the Manager/Owner/Director of each establishment. Sometimes the survey respondent calls company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey.
All Enterprise Surveys are conducted in the local languages.
Data processing
Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.
Data Access
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised. |
Aggregate indicators based on Enterprise Survey data are available to the public at https://www.enterprisesurveys.org
Firm-level data is also available to the public free-of-charge. In order to access the data, users must agree to abide by a strict confidentiality agreement available through Enterprise Analysis Unit website by clicking on "External users register here" at https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/Portal
Where necessary please site the source as "Enterprise Analysis Unit - World Bank Group https://www.enterprisesurveys.org"
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_TGO_2009_MS_v01_M_WB
| Name |
|---|
| Antonina Redko |
Metadata version
Version 01