DDI_WB_WLD_2004_GM_v02_M
2011-11-15
NADA
DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21)
This version is identical to DDI_WB_WLD_2004_GM_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.
Version 01 (November 2011)
Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators 1996-2004
GM 1996-2004
WLD_2004_GM_v01_M
Aart C. Kraay, Daniel Kaufmann and Massimo Mastruzzi
NADA
Development Research Group
Macroeconomics - Indicators
Aruba
Afghanistan
Angola
Anguilla
Albania
Andorra
Netherlands Antilles
United Arab Emirates
Argentina
Armenia
American Samoa
Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Burundi
Belgium
Benin
Burkina Faso
Bulgaria
Bahrain
Bahamas, The
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bolivia
Brazil
Barbados
Bhutan
Botswana
Central African Republic
Canada
Switzerland
Chile
China
Côte d'Ivoire
Cameroon
Congo, Rep.
Cook Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Cabo Verde
Costa Rica
Cuba
Cayman Islands
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Germany
Djibouti
Dominica
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Algeria
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Spain
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
Fiji
France
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Gabon
United Kingdom
Georgia
Ghana
Guinea
Gambia, The
Guinea-Bissau
Equatorial Guinea
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
French Guiana
Guam
Guyana
Hong Kong SAR, China
Honduras
Croatia
Haiti
Hungary
Indonesia
India
Ireland
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyz Republic
Cambodia
Kiribati
St. Kitts and Nevis
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Lao PDR
Lebanon
Liberia
Libya
St. Lucia
Liechtenstein
Sri Lanka
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Macao SAR, China
Morocco
Monaco
Moldova
Madagascar
Maldives
Mexico
Marshall Islands
North Macedonia
Mali
Malta
Myanmar
Mongolia
Mozambique
Mauritania
Martinique
Mauritius
Malawi
Malaysia
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Niue
Netherlands
Norway
Nepal
Nauru
New Zealand
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Poland
Puerto Rico
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Portugal
Paraguay
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Senegal
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sierra Leone
El Salvador
San Marino
Somalia
Sao Tome and Principe
Suriname
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Sweden
Eswatini
Seychelles
Syrian Arab Republic
Chad
Togo
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkiye
Tuvalu
Taiwan, China
Tanzania
Uganda
Ukraine
Uruguay
United States
Uzbekistan
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Venezuela, RB
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Vietnam
Vanuatu
West Bank and Gaza
Samoa
Yemen, Rep.
South Africa
Zambia
Yugoslavia Fed. Rep.
Aggregate data [agg]
Other [oth]
WLD_2004_GM_v01_M
This file contains aggregate indicators of six dimensions of governance. The indicators are constructed using an unobserved components methodology described in detail in the paper. The six governance indicators are measured in units ranging from about -2.5 to 2.5, with higher values corresponding to better governance outcomes. The column labeled "Est." provides the point estimate. The column labeled "S. E." contains the corresponding standard error. The column labeled "N" contains the number of individual sources of governance data in which each country appears. Details on the concepts measured by each indicator, its components, and the interpretation of the point estimates and standard errors can be found in the accompanying paper.
The governance indicators presented here reflect the statistical compilation of responses on the quality of governance given by a large number of enterprise, citizen and expert survey respondents in industrial and developing countries, as reported by a number of survey institutes, think tanks, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations. The aggregate indicators in no way reflect the official position of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. As discussed in detail in the accompanying papers, countries' relative positions on these indicators are subject to margins of error that are clearly indicated. Consequently, precise country rankings should not be inferred from this data.
209
92
Country
209
AFGHANISTAN
ALBANIA
ALGERIA
AMERICAN SAMOA
ANDORRA
ANGOLA
ANGUILLA
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
ARGENTINA
ARMENIA
ARUBA
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRIA
AZERBAIJAN
BAHAMAS
BAHRAIN
BANGLADESH
BARBADOS
BELARUS
BELGIUM
BELIZE
BENIN
BERMUDA
BHUTAN
BOLIVIA
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
BOTSWANA
BRAZIL
BRUNEI
BULGARIA
BURKINA FASO
BURUNDI
CAMBODIA
CAMEROON
CANADA
CAPE VERDE
CAYMAN ISLANDS
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
CHAD
CHILE
CHINA
COLOMBIA
COMOROS
CONGO
COOK ISLANDS
COSTA RICA
CROATIA
CUBA
CYPRUS
CZECH REPUBLIC
Congo, Dem. Rep. (Zaire)
DENMARK
DJIBOUTI
DOMINICA
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
ECUADOR
EGYPT
EL SALVADOR
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
ERITREA
ESTONIA
ETHIOPIA
FIJI
FINLAND
FRANCE
FRENCH GUIANA
GABON
GAMBIA
GEORGIA
GERMANY
GHANA
GREECE
GRENADA
GUAM
GUATEMALA
GUINEA
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUYANA
HAITI
HONDURAS
HONG KONG
HUNGARY
ICELAND
INDIA
INDONESIA
IRAN
IRAQ
IRELAND
ISRAEL
ITALY
IVORY COAST
JAMAICA
JAPAN
JORDAN
KAZAKHSTAN
KENYA
KIRIBATI
KOREA, NORTH
KOREA, SOUTH
KUWAIT
KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
LAOS
LATVIA
LEBANON
LESOTHO
LIBERIA
LIBYA
LIECHTENSTEIN
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBOURG
MACAO
MACEDONIA
MADAGASCAR
MALAWI
MALAYSIA
MALDIVES
MALI
MALTA
MARSHALL ISLANDS
MARTINIQUE
MAURITANIA
MAURITIUS
MEXICO
MICRONESIA
MOLDOVA
MONACO
MONGOLIA
MOROCCO
MOZAMBIQUE
MYANMAR
NAMIBIA
NAURU
NEPAL
NETHERLANDS
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
NEW ZEALAND
NICARAGUA
NIGER
NIGERIA
NIUE
NORWAY
OMAN
PAKISTAN
PALAU
PANAMA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
PARAGUAY
PERU
PHILIPPINES
POLAND
PORTUGAL
PUERTO RICO
QATAR
REUNION
ROMANIA
RUSSIA
RWANDA
SAMOA
SAN MARINO
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
SAUDI ARABIA
SENEGAL
SEYCHELLES
SIERRA LEONE
SINGAPORE
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
SLOVENIA
SOLOMON ISLANDS
SOMALIA
SOUTH AFRICA
SPAIN
SRI LANKA
ST. KITTS AND NEVIS
ST. LUCIA
ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
SUDAN
SURINAME
SWAZILAND
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
SYRIA
TAIWAN
TAJIKISTAN
TANZANIA
THAILAND
TIMOR, EAST
TOGO
TONGA
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
TUNISIA
TURKEY
TURKMENISTAN
TUVALU
UGANDA
UKRAINE
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED STATES
URUGUAY
UZBEKISTAN
VANUATU
VENEZUELA
VIETNAM
VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.)
WEST BANK
YEMEN
YUGOSLAVIA
ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE
Code
209
ABW
ADO
AFG
AGO
AIA
ALB
ANT
ARE
ARG
ARM
ASM
ATG
AUS
AUT
AZE
BDI
BEL
BEN
BFA
BGD
BGR
BHR
BHS
BIH
BLR
BLZ
BMU
BOL
BRA
BRB
BRN
BTN
BWA
CAF
CAN
CHE
CHL
CHN
CIV
CMR
COG
COK
COL
COM
CPV
CRI
CUB
CYM
CYP
CZE
DEU
DJI
DMA
DNK
DOM
DZA
ECU
EGY
ERI
ESP
EST
ETH
FIN
FJI
FRA
FSM
GAB
GBR
GEO
GHA
GIN
GMB
GNB
GNQ
GRC
GRD
GTM
GUF
GUM
GUY
HKG
HND
HRV
HTI
HUN
IDN
IND
IRL
IRN
IRQ
ISL
ISR
ITA
JAM
JOR
JPN
KAZ
KEN
KGZ
KHM
KIR
KNA
KOR
KWT
LAO
LBN
LBR
LBY
LCA
LIE
LKA
LSO
LTU
LUX
LVA
MAC
MAR
MCO
MDA
MDG
MDV
MEX
MHL
MKD
MLI
MLT
MMR
MNG
MOZ
MRT
MTQ
MUS
MWI
MYS
NAM
NER
NGA
NIC
NIU
NLD
NOR
NPL
NRU
NZL
OMN
PAK
PAN
PCI
PER
PHL
PNG
POL
PRI
PRK
PRT
PRY
QAT
REU
ROM
RUS
RWA
SAM
SAU
SDN
SEN
SGP
SLB
SLE
SLV
SMR
SOM
STP
SUR
SVK
SVN
SWE
SWZ
SYC
SYR
TCD
TGO
THA
TJK
TKM
TMP
TON
TTO
TUN
TUR
TUV
TWN
TZA
UGA
UKR
URY
USA
UZB
VCT
VEN
VIR
VNM
VUT
WBG
YEM
YUG
ZAF
ZAR
ZMB
ZWE
Point estimate Voice and Accountability 2004
207
2
-2.19
1.59
4.83e-05
1
Standard Error Voice and Accountability 2004
207
2
0.1
0.52
0.177
0.0896
Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 2004
207
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Sysmiss
Point estimate Voice and Accountability 2002
199
10
-2.32
1.72
0.000251
1
Standard Error Voice and Accountability 2002
199
10
0.12
0.47
0.208
0.0744
Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 2002
199
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sysmiss
Point estimate Voice and Accountability 2000
192
17
-2.12
1.64
-0.000104
1
Standard Error Voice and Accountability 2000
192
17
0.15
0.38
0.248
0.0672
Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 2000
192
17
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sysmiss
Point estimate Voice and Accountability 1998
192
17
-1.96
1.55
0.000156
1
Standard Error Voice and Accountability 1998
192
17
0.18
0.35
0.25
0.0502
Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 1998
192
17
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sysmiss
Point estimate Voice and Accountability 1996
192
17
-1.91
1.76
5.21e-05
1
Standard Error Voice and Accountability 1996
192
17
0.17
0.4
0.259
0.0767
Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 1996
192
17
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sysmiss
Point estimate Political Stability 2004
207
2
-2.87
1.77
-4.83e-05
1
Standard Error Political Stability 2004
207
2
0.19
0.55
0.272
0.0948
Number of individual sources Political Stability 2004
207
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sysmiss
Point estimate Political Stability 2002
186
23
-2.35
1.69
0.000269
1
Standard Error Political Stability 2002
186
23
0.19
0.41
0.258
0.0707
Number of individual sources Political Stability 2002
186
23
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Sysmiss
Point estimate Political Stability 2000
166
43
-2.83
1.73
0.000181
1
Standard Error Political Stability 2000
166
43
0.23
0.88
0.318
0.108
Number of individual sources Political Stability 2000
166
43
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sysmiss
Point estimate Political Stability 1998
166
43
-2.77
1.76
0.000181
1
Standard Error Political Stability 1998
166
43
0.23
0.69
0.304
0.0811
Number of individual sources Political Stability 1998
166
43
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sysmiss
Point estimate Political Stability 1996
165
44
-2.96
1.59
0.000121
1
Standard Error Political Stability 1996
165
44
0.27
0.68
0.365
0.0993
Number of individual sources Political Stability 1996
165
44
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sysmiss
Point estimate Government Effectiveness 2004
209
-2.32
2.252
2.34e-17
1
Standard Error Government Effectiveness 2004
209
0.131
0.822
0.225
0.122
Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 2004
209
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Point estimate Government Effectiveness 2002
202
7
-1.98
2.39
-0.000297
1
Standard Error Government Effectiveness 2002
202
7
0.13
0.83
0.219
0.119
Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 2002
202
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Sysmiss
Point estimate Government Effectiveness 2000
187
22
-2.59
2.44
-0.000107
1
Standard Error Government Effectiveness 2000
187
22
0.16
0.7
0.254
0.0926
Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 2000
187
22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sysmiss
Point estimate Government Effectiveness 1998
184
25
-2.15
2.59
-0.000163
1
Standard Error Government Effectiveness 1998
184
25
0.18
0.79
0.291
0.111
Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 1998
184
25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sysmiss
Point estimate Government Effectiveness 1996
180
29
-2.19
2.51
0.000167
1
Standard Error Government Effectiveness 1996
180
29
0.17
0.58
0.287
0.097
Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 1996
180
29
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sysmiss
Point estimate Regulatory Quality 2004
204
5
-2.63
2.02
-0.000294
1
Standard Error Regulatory Quality 2004
204
5
0.17
0.82
0.27
0.134
Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 2004
204
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sysmiss
Point estimate Regulatory Quality 2002
197
12
-2.26
1.96
0.000254
1
Standard Error Regulatory Quality 2002
197
12
0.16
0.69
0.222
0.084
Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 2002
197
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Sysmiss
Point estimate Regulatory Quality 2000
188
21
-3.64
2.31
-0.00016
1
Standard Error Regulatory Quality 2000
188
21
0.22
0.96
0.322
0.0947
Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 2000
188
21
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sysmiss
Point estimate Regulatory Quality 1998
185
24
-3.99
1.65
0.000108
1.001
Standard Error Regulatory Quality 1998
185
24
0.18
0.98
0.336
0.122
Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 1998
185
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sysmiss
Point estimate Regulatory Quality 1996
182
27
-2.91
2.58
-0.00022
1
Standard Error Regulatory Quality 1996
182
27
0.2
0.75
0.339
0.132
Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 1996
182
27
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sysmiss
Point estimate Rule of Law 2004
208
1
-2.31
2.01
-9.62e-05
1
Standard Error Rule of Law 2004
208
1
0.11
0.71
0.18
0.0988
Number of individual sources Rule of Law 2004
208
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Sysmiss
Point estimate Rule of Law 2002
197
12
-2.04
2.05
0.000102
1
Standard Error Rule of Law 2002
197
12
0.12
0.49
0.185
0.0789
Number of individual sources Rule of Law 2002
197
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Sysmiss
Point estimate Rule of Law 2000
188
21
-2.31
2.2
0.000106
1
Standard Error Rule of Law 2000
188
21
0.13
0.71
0.22
0.1
Number of individual sources Rule of Law 2000
188
21
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Sysmiss
Point estimate Rule of Law 1998
186
23
-1.97
2.36
0.000108
1
Standard Error Rule of Law 1998
186
23
0.15
0.72
0.252
0.0942
Number of individual sources Rule of Law 1998
186
23
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sysmiss
Point estimate Rule of Law 1996
167
42
-2.15
2.17
0.000419
1
Standard Error Rule of Law 1996
167
42
0.14
0.74
0.257
0.161
Number of individual sources Rule of Law 1996
167
42
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sysmiss
Point estimate Control of Corruption 2004
204
5
-1.65
2.53
9.8e-05
1
Standard Error Control of Corruption 2004
204
5
0.12
0.41
0.194
0.0826
Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 2004
204
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Sysmiss
Point estimate Control of Corruption 2002
197
12
-1.86
2.45
0.000203
1
Standard Error Control of Corruption 2002
197
12
0.12
0.46
0.203
0.0769
Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 2002
197
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Sysmiss
Point estimate Control of Corruption 2000
187
22
-2.05
2.56
0.000214
1.001
Standard Error Control of Corruption 2000
187
22
0.13
0.66
0.239
0.11
Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 2000
187
22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Sysmiss
Point estimate Control of Corruption 1998
184
25
-1.58
2.58
0.000109
1
Standard Error Control of Corruption 1998
184
25
0.13
0.76
0.247
0.118
Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 1998
184
25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Sysmiss
Point estimate Control of Corruption 1996
151
58
-1.98
2.24
-0.000265
1
Standard Error Control of Corruption 1996
151
58
0.17
0.61
0.289
0.145
Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 1996
151
58
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sysmiss