DDI_RUS_2005_ES_v01_M_WB
Antonina Redko
<_value>
NADA
Version 01
Enterprise Survey 2005
ES 2005
RUS_2005_ES_v01_M_WB
World Bank
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
NADA
World Bank
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. This survey is part of the third round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS III), a joint initiative of the World Bank Group ("WB") and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ("EBRD"). The initial goal of the study is to better understand conditions for doing business in the targeted country and how they compare to other countries. The ultimate goal of the research is to advise governments on ways to change policies and practices that impose a burden on private firms and to develop new projects and programs that strengthen support for enterprise growth.
This research was conducted in Russian Federation from March 10 to April 20, 2005, as part of the third round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey. The objective of the study is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through face-to-face interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.
The survey topics include firm characteristics, information about sales/suppliers, competition, infrastructure services, judiciary/law enforcement collaboration, security, government policies/laws/regulations, financing, overall business environment, bribery, capacity utilization, performance and investment activities, and workforce composition.
Russian Federation
National
The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment.
The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Synovate
The information below is taken from "The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) 2005: A brief report on observations, experiences and methodology from the survey" prepared by Synovate, a research company that implemented BEEPS III instrument.
The general targeted distributional criteria of the sample for BEEPS III countries were to be as follows:
1) Coverage of countries: The BEEPS III instrument was to be administered to approximately 9,500 enterprises in 28 transition economies: 16 from CEEE (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, FR Yugoslavia, FYROM, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Turkey) and 12 from the CIS (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan).
2) Sector: In each country, the sectoral composition of the sample in terms of manufacturing (including agro-processing) (1) versus services (including commerce) (2)was to be determined by their relative contribution to GDP. Firms that operate in sectors subject to government price regulation and prudential supervision, such as banking, electric power, rail transport, and water and waste water, were to be excluded from the design of the sample.
3) Size: At least 10% of the sample was to be in the small (3) and 10% in the large size categories. Firms with only one employee or more than 10,000 employees were to be excluded.
4) Ownership: At least 10% of the firms were to have foreign control (4) and 10% state control (4).
5) Exporters: At least 10% of the firms were to be exporters (5), meaning that some significant share of their output is exported.
6) Location: At least 10% of firms were to be in the category "small city/countryside" (6).
7) BEEPS 2002 sample coverage: The BEEPS III survey instrument was to be administered to a given proportion of respondents who participated in BEEPS 2002 and had agreed in principle, at that time, to participate in future rounds of the BEEPS.
Enterprises, which began operations in 2002, 2003 and 2004, were to be excluded from the survey.
(1). Mining and quarrying (Section C: 10-14), Construction (Section F: 45), Manufacturing (Section D: 15-37)
(2). Transportation, storage and communications (Section I: 60-64), Wholesale, retail, repairs (Section G: 50-52), Real estate, business services (Section K: 70-74), Hotels and restaurants (Section H: 55), Other community, social and personal activities (Section O: selected groups)
(3). Small=2-49 employees, Medium=50-249, Large=250 - 9,999
(4). More than 50% shareholding
(5). Exports 20% or more of total sales
(6). Population under 50,000 inhabitants
8) The following sources of information were used to prepare the sample frame for Russian Federation:
Official government statistical census;
Data on private-owned companies from Business Bulletin 2004;
Data on state-owned companies from Russia's Statistical Agency.
Face-to-face [f2f]
The current survey instruments are available:
- Screener and Main Questionnaires.
The survey topics include firm characteristics, information about sales/suppliers, competition, infrastructure services, judiciary/law enforcement collaboration, security, government policies/laws/regulations, financing, overall business environment, bribery, capacity utilization, performance and investment activities, and workforce composition.
Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and corruption-related topics, private contractors are preferred over any government agency or an organization/institution associated with government, and are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.
The surveys were implemented following a two-stage procedure. In the first stage a screener questionnaire was applied over the phone to determine eligibility and to make appointments; in the second stage, a face-to-face interview took place with the Manager/Owner/Director of each establishment. Sometimes the survey respondent called company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey.
All Enterprise Surveys are conducted in the local languages.
In Russia, the number of targeted interviews was 550; 601 interviews were completed. To meet the quotas, in some countries it was necessary to over-sample.
A minimum of 30% call-back checks (100% in Russia and the Asian Republics) were made in order to verify and clarify responses.
Data entry and first checking and validation of the results were undertaken locally. Final checking and validation of the results were made at Synovate Head Office.
Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised.
Where necessary please site the source as "Enterprise Analysis Unit - World Bank Group https://www.enterprisesurveys.org"
Aggregate indicators based on Enterprise Survey data are available to the public at https://www.enterprisesurveys.org
Firm-level data is also available to the public free-of-charge. In order to access the firm-level data, users must agree to abide by a strict confidentiality agreement available through Enterprise Analysis Unit website by clicking on "External users register here" at https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/Portal
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Russian Federation-2005--full data-5
The file contains the cleaned, raw database.
601
419
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
601
Unique ID for each observation
Serial number
601
601
1
FYROM
2
Yugoslavia
3
Albania
4
Croatia
5
Turkey
6
Bosnia
7
Slovenia
8
Poland
9
Ukraine
10
Belarus
11
Hungary
12
Czech Rep.
13
Slovakia
14
Romania
15
Bulgaria
16
Moldova
17
Latvia
18
Lithuania
19
Estonia
20
Georgia
21
Armenia
22
Kazakhstan
23
Azerbaijan
24
Uzbekistan
26
Russia
27
Tajikistan
28
Kyrgyzstan
If Serbia and Montenegro
601
1
Serbia
2
Montenegro
Sysmiss
601
1
Capital
2
Other, over 1 MLN
3
Other, 250K-1MLN
4
Other, 50K-250K
5
Under 50K
City/town/village
601
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
31
32
34
36
38
40
41
42
44
47
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Region/oblast
601
1
2
3
4
5
6
Panel enterprise interviewed in BEEPS 2002
601
1
Yes
2
No
IF THIS FIRM WAS INTERVIEWED IN BEEPS 2002, WRITE DOWN ITS SERIAL NUMBER IN 2002 FROM THE PANEL DATABASE PROVIDED
Serial number of firm in BEEPS 2002
41
560
COMPLETE TABLE 6 AND TABLE 7 IF ENTERPRISE IS INCLUDED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY SURVEY, IN ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, POLAND, HUNGARY, ROMANIA, MOLDOVA, AND KAZAKHSTAN
601
1
Armenia
2
Azerbaijan
3
Poland
4
Hungary
5
Romania
6
Moldova
7
Kazakhstan
Sysmiss
COMPLETE TABLE 6 AND TABLE 7 IF ENTERPRISE IS INCLUDED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY SURVEY, IN ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, POLAND, HUNGARY, ROMANIA, MOLDOVA, AND KAZAKHSTAN
601
1
Region A
2
Region B
3
Region C
4
Region D
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE FOR POLAND AND MOLDOVA ONLY
601
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE FOR POLAND AND MOLDOVA ONLY
601
Sysmiss
IF THIS FIRM WAS INTERVIEWED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY BEEPS IN 2003, WRITE DOWN ITS SERIAL NUMBER IN 2003 FROM THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY PANEL DATABASE PROVIDED
Serial number of firm in manufacturing overlay BEEPS in 2003
601
Sysmiss
Good morning/afternoon/evening We have been commissioned by the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, in cooperation with the World Bank to carry out a survey of business in our country. They want to understand better the conditions for doing business in your country. I am calling from ……………a market research company. Could I please speak to the person who normally represents the company for official purposes, that is who normally deals with banks or government agencies/institutions?
IF PERSON IS UNAVAILABLE, ARRANGE A CONVENIENT TIME AND CALL BACK. WHEN PUT THROUGH, CONTINUE.
Good morning/afternoon/evening. I am …… from ……. a market research company. We are carrying out a survey of business like yours on behalf of the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development in cooperation with the World Bank. For classification purposes, could you please answer some preliminary questions? Thank you.
Do you normally represent this company when dealing with banks or government institutions?
1) GO TO S.1a
2) ASK TO BE PUT THROUGH TO CORRECT PERSON AND REINTRODUCE
601
1
In what year did your firm begin operations in this country?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE FIRM BEGAN OPERATIONS IN 2002, 2003 OR 2004 THANK AND TERMINATE
601
1878
1890
1896
1917
1923
1925
1930
1934
1940
1941
1942
1943
1946
1947
1949
1954
1955
1956
1958
1960
1961
1963
1964
1965
1966
1968
1970
1974
1975
1976
1978
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
What is the legal status of this company?
601
1
Single proprietorship
2
Partnership
3
Cooperative
4
Corporation, privately held
5
Corporation listed on a stock exchange
6
Other private sector
7
State/municipal/district-owned enterprise
8
Corporatised state-owned enterprise
9
Other state owned
What is the legal status of this company?
601
1
2
How would you best describe your firm’s main area of activity in terms of annual sales?
601
1
Mining
2
Construction
3
Manufacturing
4
Transport
5
Trade
6
Real estate
7
Hotels and Restaurant
8
Other services
What percentage of your firm’s annual sales come from the main area of activity you mentioned above?
601
60
100
96.28
8.845
Could you please specify your firm’s main product line or main line of service in terms of sales?
601
1010
9305
5061.225
2107.406
How many full-time employees work for this company today?
601
1
2-10
2
11-49
3
50-99
4
100-249
5
250-499
6
500-999
7
1000-9999
How many full-time employees work for this company today?
601
1
2-49
2
50-249
3
250-9999
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Private domestic individual(s)/ company(s)/organization(s)
601
100
82.065
35.662
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Private foreign individual(s)/ company(s)/organization(s)
CHECK “FOREIGN OWNERSHIP” QUOTA
INTERVIEWER: IF IN S.5 FOR PRIVATE FOREIGN IS NOT EQUAL TO 0 GO TO S.6, ELSE GO TO S.7
601
100
7.551
23.617
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Government/State
601
100
10.057
29.385
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Other
601
20
35
40
42
60
MULTIPLE ANSWERS ALLOWED
What is the nationality of this foreign Individual(s) company(s)/organization(s)?
61
540
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
17
19
21
26
29
31
42
44
46
99
816
Sysmiss
61
540
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
19
21
26
29
31
42
44
46
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
1
600
8
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
601
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
What is the nationality of this foreign Individual(s) company(s)/organization(s)?
Other
1
600
7
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently sell its products or services directly to customers outside the country?
1) If answer is Yes then GO TO S.8
2) If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO S.9
596
5
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
What percentage of your total sales do such exports represent?
CHECK “EXPORTER” QUOTA
83
518
1
100
31.012
25.457
READ OUT OPTIONS
Can you please tell me where the headquarters of the firm are located?
601
1
At this site
2
Elsewhere in this countrry
3
In a foreign country
How many establishments (separate operating facilities) including this one does your firm have in this country?
601
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
16
20
28
40
50
99
99 or more
Does your firm have holdings or operations in other countries?
595
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't know
Sysmiss
146
455
1
2
3
4
5
12
14
15
23
25
1234
Sysmiss
590
11
1
2
3
4
5
Sysmiss
15
586
1
2
3
4
Sysmiss
1
600
1
Sysmiss
1
600
1
Sysmiss
The purpose of this survey is to better understand constraints that hinder the development of businesses like yours. This study is being conducted for 28 countries by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. The initial goal is to better understand conditions for doing business in your country and how they compare to other countries. The ultimate goal of this research is to advise governments on ways to change policies and practices that impose a burden on
private firms and to develop new projects and programs that strengthen support for enterprise growth. Your answers should reflect only your perception and experience of doing business in your country.
I would like to assure you, that the information obtained here would be treated strictly anonymously and confidentially. Neither your name nor the name of your firm will be used in any document based on this survey. Neither the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development nor the World Bank nor any Governmental organisation will be informed of any individual firm’s responses or participation in this survey.
I WOULD LIKE TO START BY ASKING SOME GENERAL QUESTIONS ABOUT YOU AND THIS
ORGANISATION.
What is your job title? Please note that even if you have more than one job title we are interested in the title/responsibilities that you regard as the most important.
INTERVIEWER: IF NOT ONE OF THE ABOVE, STOP AND ASK TO SEE THE APPROPRIATE PERSON
601
1
Chief Executive/President/Vice President
2
Owner/proprietor
3
Partner
4
Director
5
General Manager
6
Manager
7
Finance Officer
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Mining and quarrying
601
100
1.995
13.69
4
30
70
95
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Construction
601
100
14.06
33.557
10
15
20
30
40
70
80
83
85
90
98
99
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Manufacturing
601
100
23.739
41.089
10
20
30
60
70
79
80
90
94
95
99
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Transport storage and communication
601
100
6.19
23.543
10
20
70
80
90
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Wholesale, retail, repairs
601
100
29.542
43.677
1
5
10
15
20
21
28
30
40
70
75
80
85
90
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Real estate, renting and business services
601
100
9.221
28.282
1
2
7
10
20
30
70
72
80
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Hotels and restaurants
601
100
3.76
18.579
10
20
70
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Other
601
100
11.493
30.556
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
70
80
100
What percentage of your firm does the largest shareholder(s) own?
601
4
100
72.504
31.921
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
13
14
15
16
17
20
23
25
26
27
30
32
33
34
35
37
38
39
40
42
45
49
50
51
52
55
60
63
65
66
67
69
70
73
76
80
90
95
97
99
100
How many shareholders hold this percentage share of the firm? Please give me the number
592
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
15
80
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: - MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.4a
Individual
Family
General public
Domestic company
Foreign company
Bank
Investment fund
Managers of the firm
Employees of the firm
Government or government agency
Which of the following best describes the largest shareholder(s) in your firm?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDER IS AN INDIVIDUAL OR FAMILY MEMBER (CODES 01 OR 02) ASK Q.4b ELSE GO THE INSTRUCTION BEFORE Q.5
601
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
12
103
104
108
109
405
10209
10911
40508
599
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
Sysmiss
9
592
1
2
4
5
9
Sysmiss
3
598
1
4
Sysmiss
601
Sysmiss
Which of the following best describes the largest shareholder(s) in your firm?
Other
INTERVIEWER: IF THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDER IS AN INDIVIDUAL OR FAMILY MEMBER (CODES 01
OR 02) ASK Q.4b ELSE GO THE INSTRUCTION BEFORE Q.5
601
Sysmiss
Is the individual or family member also the manager/director of this firm?
441
160
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
Is the principal owner (or one of the principal owners) a female?
441
160
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: ASK Q.5 IF COMPANY IS PRIVATE (I.E SCREENER QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTION S.2
CODES 1-6) ELSE GO TO Q.7
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD – Q.5
Privatisation of a state-owned firm
Originally private, from time of start up (i.e., no state-owned predecessor)
Private subsidiary of a formerly state-owned firm
Joint venture with foreign partner(s)
How was your firm established?
If answer is 1 then GO TO Q.6
If answer is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 then GO TO Q.7
540
61
1
Privatisation of a state-owned firm
2
Originally private, from time of start up
3
Private subsidiary of a formerly state-owned firm
4
Joint venture with foreign partner(s)
5
Other
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: ASK Q.5 IF COMPANY IS PRIVATE (I.E SCREENER QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTION S.2 CODES 1-6) ELSE GO TO Q.7
How was your firm established?
601
Sysmiss
What year was the privatisation completed?
71
530
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW ASK SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SALES OF YOUR FIRM AND ITS SUPPLIERS
What percentage of your firm’s sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Sold domestically
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
601
100
95.265
15.142
3
5
20
30
50
55
60
65
68
70
75
78
79
80
85
90
93
95
96
98
99
100
What percentage of your firm's sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Exported directly
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
601
100
4.283
14.256
1
2
4
5
7
10
12
15
20
21
22
25
30
35
40
45
50
70
80
95
97
100
What percentage of your firm's sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Exported indirectly through a distributor
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
601
50
0.453
3.525
2
3
5
10
20
30
40
50
INTERVIEWER: IF THE ENTERPRISE EXPORTS DIRECTLY ASK:
In which year did your firm first export directly?
64
537
1955
2005
1955
1961
1979
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: IF THE ENTERPRISE EXPORTS INDIRECTLY THROUGH A DISTRIBUTOR ASK:
In which year did your firm first export indirectly?
15
586
1990
2003
1990
1993
1994
1996
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time your goods arrived in their point of exit (eg, port, airport) until the time they cleared customs?
On average
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q.7 THE RESPONDENT SAID ZERO DOMESTIC SALES GO TO Q15
83
518
1
90
8.181
12.401
1
2
3
5
7
9
10
12
14
15
20
21
30
45
90
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time your goods arrived in their point of exit (eg, port, airport) until the time they cleared customs?
The longest time over the last 12 months
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q.7 THE RESPONDENT SAID ZERO DOMESTIC SALES GO TO Q15
83
518
1
150
15.253
20.338
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
17
20
21
25
27
30
40
45
60
150
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Government or government agencies (excluding state-owned enterprises)
591
10
100
3.792
12.289
1
2
3
5
10
12
15
20
25
30
40
48
50
60
70
80
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
State owned or controlled enterprises
591
10
100
7.151
17.234
1
2
3
5
7
8
10
15
20
25
30
40
48
50
60
65
70
80
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Multinationals located in your country (not including your parent company, if
applicable)
591
10
95
1.783
8.814
4
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
65
95
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Your firm’s parent company or affiliated subsidiaries
591
10
100
2.99
15.354
1
3
5
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
80
90
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Large private domestic firms (those with approximately 250 plus workers) (not including your parent company, if applicable)
591
10
100
12.157
24.02
2
5
9
10
15
20
23
25
27
30
35
40
43
50
60
65
68
70
80
85
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Small firms and individuals
591
10
100
70.961
36.902
1
2
4
5
10
12
15
18
20
24
25
29
30
35
40
45
50
53
60
65
68
70
75
80
85
87
90
92
93
95
97
98
99
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Other
591
10
100
1.166
9.34
1
4
9
10
15
20
50
75
100
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: – ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.10
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
These products cannot be imported
How important is competition from imports in the market for your main product line or main line of services in the domestic market?
584
17
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
These products cannot be imported
7
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: – ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD – Q11
Our customers would continue to buy from us in the same quantities as now
Our customers would continue to buy from us, but at slightly lower quantities
Customers would continue to buy from us, but at much lower quantities
Many of our customers would buy from our competitors instead
Now I would like to ask you a hypothetical question. If you were to raise your prices of your main
product line or main line of services 10% above their current level in the domestic market (after allowing
for any inflation) which of the following would best describe the result assuming that your competitors
maintained their current prices?
596
5
1
continue to buy, same quantities
2
continue to buy, slightly lower quantities
3
continue to buy, much lower quantities
4
would buy from competitors
Sysmiss
Does your firm compete in the national market (i.e. whole country) for its main product line or service?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q12b
If answer is No then GO TO Q13a
598
3
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the national market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
Currently
If answer is 1 then GO TO 13a
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 12c
148
453
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the national market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
36 months ago
If answer is 1 then GO TO 13a
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 12c
148
453
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
Currently
136
465
1
99
21.059
30.531
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
20
28
30
35
40
50
54
60
70
80
95
98
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
36 months ago
134
467
1
99
18.91
29.012
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
20
22
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
85
96
98
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Does your firm compete in the local market (i.e. region, city, or neighborhood) for its main product line or service?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q13b
If answer is No then GO TO Q14
598
3
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the local market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
Currently
If answer is 1 then GO TO 14
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 13c
558
43
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the local market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
36 months ago
If answer is 1 then GO TO 14
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 13c
558
43
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
Currently
495
106
1
99
18.675
27.167
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
16
17
18
20
23
25
27
28
30
35
36
40
41
45
50
54
60
76
80
95
98
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
36 months ago
482
119
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
18
20
23
25
27
28
30
32
35
39
40
50
60
70
80
85
90
94
98
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Considering your main product line or main line of services in the domestic market, by what margin does your sales price exceed your operating costs (i.e., the cost material inputs plus wage costs but not overheads and depreciation)
523
78
60
23.141
12.118
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
28
30
31
33
34
35
40
42
45
50
60
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Purchased from domestic sources
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
587
14
100
77.588
35.417
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
55
60
70
75
80
85
90
92
95
98
99
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Imported directly
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
587
14
100
9.206
25.012
1
2
5
8
10
15
16
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Imported indirectly through a distributor
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
587
14
100
13.206
28.005
1
2
4
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
85
90
99
100
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time
your goods arrived in their point of entry (e.g. port, airport) until the time you could claimed them from
customs?
On average
96
505
1
90
9.5
14.985
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
12
14
15
17
20
30
70
90
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time
your goods arrived in their point of entry (e.g. port, airport) until the time you could claimed them from
customs?
The longest time over the last 12 months
96
505
1
365
22.906
43.557
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
12
13
14
15
20
21
27
28
30
31
40
42
45
60
90
97
100
180
365
Sysmiss
At the time you receive delivery of your most important input or supply, how many days of stock do you
typically have on hand?
495
106
1
365
26.034
33.524
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
17
20
21
23
25
30
31
35
36
40
45
50
60
75
80
90
92
105
120
150
300
360
365
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.19
My firm will continue to buy from the supplier in the same quantities as now
My firm would continue to buy from the supplier but at slightly lower quantities
My firm would continue to buy from the supplier, but at much lower quantities
My firm would buy from other suppliers instead
Now I would like to ask you another hypothetical question. If your main supplier were to raise the price
of its main product line or main line of services 10% above its current level in the domestic market (after
allowing for any inflation) which of the following would best describe your firm’s reaction assuming that
other suppliers maintained their current prices?
598
3
1
same supplier, same quantities
2
same supplier, slightly lower quantities
3
same supplier, much lower quantities
4
buy from other suppliers
Sysmiss
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Changed the identity of the main material input supplier
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Changed the identity of the main customers (>20% of sales)
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Exported to a new country
601
1
Yes
2
No
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED “YES” ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Changed the identity of the main material input supplier
169
432
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Changed the identity of the main customers (>20% of sales)
145
456
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Exported to a new country
41
560
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Family and friends
589
12
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Former employees who now work for a potential customer or supplier
573
28
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Prior employment of managers by a potential customer or supplier
569
32
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Existing customers or suppliers
576
25
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Government agencies
572
29
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Business associations/chambers of commerce
571
30
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Trade fairs and other public sources of information
579
22
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Family and friends
575
26
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Former employees who now work for a potential customer or supplier
575
26
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Prior employment of managers by a potential customer or supplier
566
35
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Existing customers or suppliers
567
34
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Government agencies
571
30
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Business associations/chambers of commerce
569
32
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Trade fairs and other public sources of information
571
30
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
601
100
3.549
8.863
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
14
15
20
21
24
30
35
36
40
60
90
100
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
601
365
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
12
14
15
20
21
24
30
60
90
100
121
365
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
601
120
2.082
9.856
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
12
14
15
20
24
30
35
36
40
45
50
80
90
115
120
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service
interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales
was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
251
350
1
24
6.223
6.172
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
15
16
18
20
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
92
509
1
24
7.989
6.731
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
14
20
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
114
487
1
24
8.702
7.364
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
15
20
21
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
88
513
1
8
2.057
1.549
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
13
588
1
5
2.077
1.706
1
2
5
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
8
593
1
5
2.5
1.604
1
2
5
Sysmiss
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Fixed line telephone
601
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Fax
601
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Mobile telephone
601
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Email
601
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Internet
601
1
Yes
2
No
Based on the experience of your firm over the last 36 months, how many days did you wait from the date of application to obtain each of the following?
A fixed line telephone connection
176
425
1
180
19.682
29.999
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
12
14
15
20
21
30
45
60
75
90
120
150
180
Sysmiss
Based on the experience of your firm over the last 36 months, how many days did you wait from the date of application to obtain each of the following?
An electrical connection
126
475
1
180
16.056
31.798
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
12
14
15
20
30
60
75
90
100
120
135
180
Sysmiss
What percentage of the value of products your establishment shipped over the last 12 months was lost while in transit due to breakage, spoilage or theft?
Products shipped and sold in the domestic market
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO LOSSES - WRITE 000
592
9
100
1.213
6.635
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
12
15
20
35
40
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of the value of products your establishment shipped over the last 12 months was lost while in transit due to breakage, spoilage or theft?
Products exported directly by your firm
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO LOSSES - WRITE 000
384
217
12
0.0703
0.691
1
2
5
12
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Fair and impartial
525
76
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Honest/uncorrupted
519
82
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Quick
538
63
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Affordable
528
73
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Able to enforce its decisions
529
72
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with this statement? “I am confident that the legal system will uphold my contract and property rights in business disputes”.
560
41
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Paid before the delivery of your products or services
599
2
100
32.896
35.021
1
5
6
7
10
15
20
25
30
33
35
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
90
95
99
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Paid on delivery of your products or services
599
2
100
52.917
38.448
1
5
7
8
10
15
20
25
30
33
34
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
98
99
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Sold on credit (payment due after the time of delivery of your products or services)
599
2
100
14.187
25.333
1
4
5
10
12
15
20
25
30
33
34
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
79
80
85
86
90
95
99
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Paid before the delivery of your products or services from your supplier
583
18
100
40.389
38.67
2
3
5
7
10
15
20
25
30
33
35
40
45
50
60
65
70
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm's purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Paid on delivery of your products or services from your supplier
583
18
100
42.528
38.949
1
5
7
8
10
15
20
25
27
30
33
35
40
45
48
50
60
70
75
80
83
85
90
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm's purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Purchased on credit (payment due after the time of delivery of your products or services from your supplier)
583
18
100
17.082
27.785
2
5
10
12
15
20
25
30
34
35
40
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
92
95
98
100
Sysmiss
Have you had to resolve any overdue payments in the last 36 months?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.31b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.31e
601
1
Yes
2
No
How many cases of overdue payments did your firm have to resolve in the past 36 months?
264
337
1
99
11.201
14.79
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
15
18
20
25
30
35
36
40
45
50
60
80
90
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
How long did it typically take (in weeks) to resolve an overdue payment?
264
337
1
60
6.78
9.229
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
19
20
24
26
30
40
43
50
52
60
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Of these disputes over payments, how many were resolved by court action?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE – WRITE 00
264
337
30
1.64
4.071
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
15
16
20
21
30
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
How many cases in civil or commercial arbitration courts have involved your firm either as a plaintiff or defendant in the last 36 months?
Plaintiff
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO CASES - WRITE 00
586
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
13
14
15
17
18
20
30
80
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
How many cases in civil or commercial arbitration courts have involved your firm either as a plaintiff or defendant in the last 36 months?
Defendant
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO CASES - WRITE 00
583
18
72
0.767
4.258
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
15
20
40
45
72
Sysmiss
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)?
601
1
Yes
2
No
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)? If yes, what percent of your total annual sales do you pay?
558
43
15
1.027
2.093
0.100000001490116
0.200000002980232
0.300000011920929
0.400000005960464
0.5
0.699999988079071
0.800000011920929
1
1.10000002384186
1.20000004768372
1.5
1.70000004768372
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
7
10
15
Sysmiss
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT CAN NOT TELL YOU THE PERCENTAGE ASK FOR THE VALUE
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)? If yes, what percent of your total annual sales do you pay?
323
278
18
0.412
1.838
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
18
Sysmiss
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)?
601
1
Yes
2
No
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)? If yes, what percent of total annual sales are customarily paid?
336
265
10
0.581
1.72
0.100000001490116
0.200000002980232
0.5
1
2
2.5
3
4
5
10
Sysmiss
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT CANNOT TELL YOU THE PERCENTAGE ASK FOR THE VALUE
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)? If yes, what percent of total annual sales are customarily paid?
269
332
Sysmiss
Have you had any losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson against your firm over the last 12 months?
601
1
Yes
2
No
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Have you had any losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson against your firm over the last 12 months? If yes, what were your estimated losses as a percent of your sales over the last 12 months?
596
5
30
0.857
3.148
0.100000001490116
0.200000002980232
0.300000011920929
0.400000005960464
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
5
6
7
8
10
15
20
30
Sysmiss
1) NOW I WOULD LIKE YOU TO THINK ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT POLICIES, LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING YOUR BUSINESS
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with the following statements?
Information on the laws and regulations affecting my firm is easy to obtain
591
10
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with the following statements?
Interpretations of the laws and regulations affecting my firm are consistent and predictable
581
20
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
What percent of senior management’s time over the last 12 months was spent in dealing with public officials about the application and interpretation of laws and regulations and to get or to maintain access to public services?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO TIME WAS SPENT – WRITE 00.0
596
5
95
7.785
14.913
0.100000001490116
0.5
1
1.20000004768372
1.5
2
3
5
6
7
7.59999990463257
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
95
Sysmiss
Over the last 12 months did your firm employ an outside consultant to deal with public officials about the application and interpretation of laws and regulations and to get or to maintain access to public services?
601
1
Yes
2
No
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often is the following statement true? “If a government agent acts against the rules I can usually go to another official or to his superior and get the correct treatment without recourse to unofficial payments/gifts.”
556
45
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
Is your firm a member of a business association or chamber of commerce?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.36b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.37
601
1
Yes
2
No
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? “Critical value to your firm” should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Lobbying government
101
500
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Resolution of disputes (with officials, workers or other firms)
103
498
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information and/or contacts on domestic product and input markets
111
490
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information and/or contacts on international product and input markets
106
495
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Accrediting standards or quality of products; reputational benefits
108
493
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information on government regulations
111
490
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
Thinking about national laws and regulations enacted over the last 12 months that had a substantial impact on your business, did your firm seek to influence the content of laws or regulations affecting it?
601
1
Yes
2
No
Thinking about local or regional laws and regulations enacted over the last 12 months that had a substantial impact on your business, did your firm seek to influence the content of laws or regulations affecting it?
601
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
601
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
601
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
601
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
601
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
601
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
601
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
601
1
Yes
2
No
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
380
221
1
99
3.084
6.807
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
15
16
18
20
30
36
50
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
229
372
1
99
2.297
6.773
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
12
21
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
414
187
1
99
3.097
6.362
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
13
20
24
40
50
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
307
294
1
99
3.743
8.865
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
12
15
20
22
24
36
48
96
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
93
508
1
37
3.591
5.119
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
12
20
24
37
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
159
442
1
20
2.05
2.433
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
15
20
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
23
578
1
99
10.043
20.753
1
2
3
4
5
10
11
12
15
20
30
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
371
230
1
99
13.162
21.228
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
16
18
20
24
27
28
30
32
36
40
48
50
56
72
80
98
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
223
378
1
99
6.166
11.226
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
15
16
24
30
36
40
41
48
50
80
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
410
191
1
64
3.302
5.902
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
15
16
24
30
32
40
50
64
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
305
296
1
64
4.049
7.323
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
15
16
18
20
24
40
48
50
64
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
90
511
1
80
4.056
9.709
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
15
16
44
80
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
157
444
1
64
3.955
7.206
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
16
24
40
64
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
22
579
1
32
4.864
6.854
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
12
32
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
1) WE NOW WANT TO ASK YOUR OPINION ON “UNOFFICIAL PAYMENTS” TO OFFICIALS IN THIS
COUNTRY. CAN I PLEASE REASSURE YOU THAT:
We are interested in your opinions in a personal capacity
We do not imply in any way that your company makes unofficial payments/gifts
We recognise that your company neither approves of nor condones the use of unofficial payments/gifts
The responses that you give will be aggregated and presented in purely statistical terms; any comments you give me cannot be attributed to either you or your company
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking about officials, would you say the following statements are always, usually, frequently, sometimes, seldom or never true?
“It is common for firms in my line of business to have to pay some irregular “additional payments/gifts” to get things done ” with regard to customs, taxes, licenses, regulations, services, etc.
548
53
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking about officials, would you say the following statements are always, usually, frequently, sometimes, seldom or never true?
“Firms in my line of business usually know in advance about how much this ‘additional payment/gifts’ is
492
109
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
On average, what percent of total annual sales do firm’s like yours typically pay in unofficial payments/gifts to public officials?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PAYMENTS ARE MADE – WRITE 00.0
556
45
10
1.069
1.666
0.100000001490116
0.200000002980232
0.300000011920929
0.5
0.600000023841858
1
1.10000002384186
1.20000004768372
1.5
1.79999995231628
2
2.40000009536743
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
8
10
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To get connected to and maintain public services (electricity and telephone)
550
51
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To obtain business licenses and permits
542
59
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To obtain government contracts
480
121
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with occupational health and safety inspections
535
66
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with fire and building inspections
555
46
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with environmental inspections
549
52
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with taxes and tax collection
541
60
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with customs/imports
486
115
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with courts
487
114
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To influence the content of new legislation rules decrees etc.
478
123
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
When firms in your industry do business with the government, what percent of the contract value would be typically paid in additional or unofficial payments/gifts to secure the contract?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PAYMENTS/GIFTS ARE PAID – WRITE 00.0
517
84
30
2.007
4.316
0.100000001490116
0.200000002980232
0.300000011920929
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6.5
7
7.5
8
10
12
15
20
30
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with taxes and regulations, what percentage of total annual sales would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
569
32
10
100
84.452
23.45
10
15
20
25
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
80
85
90
95
97
99
100
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with labour regulations, what percentage of total workforce would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
571
30
10
100
89.252
20.297
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
75
80
85
90
95
99
100
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with labour regulations, what percentage of the actual wage bill would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
568
33
10
100
78.868
27.611
10
15
20
22
25
30
33
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
90
95
97
100
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to Parliamentarians to affect their votes
522
79
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to Government officials to affect the content of government decrees
519
82
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to local or regional government officials to affect their
votes or content of government decrees
524
77
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
1) I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FINANCING OF YOUR FIRM
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm’s working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Internal funds/Retained earnings
592
9
100
82.517
28.761
5
10
12
15
16
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
65
70
80
85
90
91
93
95
99
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
592
9
60
0.144
2.606
5
20
60
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
592
9
100
4.057
12.44
5
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from foreign banks
592
9
5
0.00845
0.205
5
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
592
9
70
1.309
6.354
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
50
70
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Loans from family/friends
592
9
100
2.561
10.951
5
10
15
16
20
30
40
50
55
80
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
592
9
100
0.846
5.85
1
5
10
15
20
30
40
60
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from suppliers
592
9
100
3.064
10.663
1
5
10
15
18
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from customers
592
9
100
3.799
14.375
5
10
14
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
75
80
85
95
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Credit cards
592
9
50
0.177
2.47
10
20
25
50
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Leasing arrangement
592
9
40
0.351
2.588
1
2
5
10
20
30
40
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
The government (other than state-owned banks)
592
9
100
1.014
8.879
10
20
30
50
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other (SPECIFY SOURCES)
592
9
80
0.152
3.313
10
80
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Internal funds/Retained earnings
431
170
100
84.97
30.442
10
20
30
40
45
50
60
70
80
85
87
90
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
431
170
80
0.197
3.86
5
80
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
431
170
100
4.211
16.32
10
15
20
25
30
40
45
50
60
70
80
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from foreign banks
431
170
20
0.0464
0.963
20
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
431
170
100
2.251
12.405
5
10
15
20
30
40
70
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Loans from family/friends
431
170
100
1.148
8.43
5
10
30
50
55
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
431
170
100
1.056
8.66
5
20
30
50
60
70
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from suppliers
431
170
80
1.23
7.313
10
15
20
30
50
70
80
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from customers
431
170
100
1.195
7.503
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Credit cards
431
170
70
0.383
4.41
20
25
50
70
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Leasing arrangement
431
170
100
1.933
11.242
3
10
15
20
30
45
50
60
90
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
The government (other than state-owned banks)
431
170
100
1.195
9.896
10
20
50
85
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other (SPECIFY SOURCES)
431
170
70
0.186
3.405
10
70
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other
601
Sysmiss
601
Accounting book-keeping auditing activities tax
Activities of other transport agencies
Activities of travel agencies tour operators; tourist
Advertising
Agents involved sale of timber & building materials
Agents involved in the sale of a variety of goods
Agents involved sale of fuels, ores, metals & chemicals
Agents involved sale of furniture, household goods
Agents involved sale of machinery, ships aircraft
Architectural engineering related technical consultancy
Building and repairing of ships
Buying and selling of own real estate
Canteens
Catering
Construction of highways, roads, sport facilities
Construction of water projects
Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone
Demolition and wrecking of buildings; earth moving
Development and selling of real estate
Erection of roof covering and frames
Fair and amusement park activities
Floor and wall covering
Freight transport by road
Funeral and related activities
General construction buildings & civil engineering work
Hairdressing and other beauty treatment
Hotels and motels, with restaurant
Industrial cleaning
Installation of electrical wiring and fittings
Investigation and security activities
Labour recruitment and provision of personnel
Legal activities
Letting of own property
Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
Manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products
Manufacture of beer
Manufacture of bodies for motor vehicles
Manufacture of bread; fresh pastry goods and cakes
Manufacture of bricks, tiles & construction products
Manufacture of builders carpentry and joinery
Manufacture of builders carpentry and joinery of metal
Manufacture of builders ware of plastic
Manufacture of central heating radiators and boilers
Manufacture of ceramic tiles and flags
Manufacture of cocoa; chocolate and sugar confectionery
Manufacture of computer & other information processing
Manufacture of concrete products for construction
Manufacture of distilled potable alcoholic beverages
Manufacture of dyes and pigments
Manufacture of electric domestic appliances
Manufacture of explosives
Manufacture of fasteners, screw machine product
Manufacture of fruit and vegetable juice
Manufacture of grain mill products
Manufacture of hollow glass
Manufacture of household and sanitary goods
Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring
Manufacture of insulated wire and cable
Manufacture of jewellery and related articles n.e.c.
Manufacture of knitted and crocheted hosiery
Manufacture of leather clothes
Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment
Manufacture of locks and hinges
Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous
Manufacture of machine-tools
Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage tobacco
Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel leather
Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel
Manufacture of metal structures and parts of structures
Manufacture of motor vehicles
Manufacture of non-wovens and articles
Manufacture of optical instruments & photographic equip.
Manufacture of other agricultural and forestry machinery
Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c.
Manufacture of other electrical equipment n.e.c.
Manufacture of other food products n.e.c.
Manufacture of other furniture
Manufacture of other general purpose machinery n.e.c.
Manufacture of other office and shop furniture
Manufacture of other outerwear
Manufacture of other plastic products
Manufacture of other products of wood
Manufacture of other rubber products
Manufacture of other special purpose machinery n.e.c.
Manufacture of other wearing apparel and accessories
Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles
Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations
Manufacture of plastic packing goods
Manufacture of plastic plates, sheets, tubes & profiles
Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning & polishing
Manufacture of television and radio transmitters
Manufacture of underwear
Manufacture of weapons and ammunition
Manufacture of workwear
Manufacture processing other glass, technical glassware
Mining and agglomeration of hard coal
Mining of iron ores
Mining of non-ferrous metal ores, exc. uranium & thorium
News agency activities
Non-specialized wholesale of food, beverages & tobacco
Operation of arts facilities
Operation of dairies and cheese making
Operation of gravel and sand pits
Other building completion
Other building installation
Other construction work involving special trades
Other entertainment activities n.e.c.
Other land passenger transport
Other manufacturing n.e.c.
Other mining and quarrying n.e.c.
Other non-store retail sale
Other publishing
Other retail sale food beverage tobacco in special stor
Other retail sale in non-specialized stores
Other retail sale in specialized stores
Other scheduled passenger land transport
Other service activities n.e.c.
Other wholesale
Packaging activities
Painting and glazing
Photographic activities
Physical well-being activities
Plastering
Plumbing
Preparation and spinning of worsted-type fibres
Printing n.e.c.
Processing and preserving of fish and fish products
Production of meat and poultrymeat products
Production of mineral waters and soft drinks
Production of salt
Publishing of books
Publishing of journals and periodicals
Quarrying of stone for construction
Radio and television activities
Real estate agencies
Renting of automobiles
Renting of personal and household goods n.e.c.
Repair n.e.c.
Repair of boots, shoes and other articles of leather
Repair of electrical household goods
Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery
Reproduction of sound recording
Restaurants
Retail sale in non-special store food beverage tob
Retail sale of alcoholic and other beverages
Retail sale of books, newspapers and stationery
Retail sale of clothing
Retail sale of cosmetic and toilet articles
Retail sale of electrical household appliances TV
Retail sale of footwear and leather goods
Retail sale of furniture lighting equip household
Retail sale of hardware, paints and glass
Retail sale of medical and orthopaedic goods
Retail sale via stalls and markets
Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories
Sale of motor vehicles
Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles
Scheduled air transport
Sea and coastal water transport
Storage and warehousing
Taxi operation
Telecommunications
Transport via railways
Washing and dry-cleaning of textile and fur products
Wholesale electrical household appliances radio TV good
Wholesale of agricultural machinery accessorie
Wholesale of alcoholic and other beverages
Wholesale of clothing and footwear
Wholesale of dairy produce, eggs & edible oils and fats
Wholesale of flowers and plants
Wholesale of grain, seeds and animal feeds
Wholesale of meat & meat product
Wholesale of metals and metal ores
Wholesale of office machinery and equipment
Wholesale of other food, including fish, crustaceans
Wholesale of other intermediate products
Wholesale of other machinery for use in industry
Wholesale of pharmaceutical goods
Wholesale of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels products
Wholesale of tobacco products
Wholesale of wood, construction materials
Does your establishment have a checking or savings account?
A checking account
601
1
Yes
2
No
Does your establishment have a checking or savings account?
Savings account
601
1
Yes
2
No
Thinking of the most recent loan you obtained from a financial institution, did the financing require collateral?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.46b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.46d
If answer is No loan then GO TO Q.47a
204
397
1
Yes
2
No
3
No loan
Sysmiss
MULTIPLE ANSWERS ALLOWED
What kind of collateral (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, your home) was required?
179
422
1
Land
2
Buildings
3
Machinery and equipment including movables
4
Accounts receivable
5
Inventories
6
Personal assets of owner
7
Other
12
13
23
25
26
34
35
36
45
56
123
125
126
234
235
236
245
256
267
346
356
1234
1235
1236
2356
3456
12456
Sysmiss
179
422
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sysmiss
75
526
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sysmiss
32
569
1
2
3
4
Sysmiss
9
592
1
2
3
Sysmiss
1
600
1
Sysmiss
What kind of collateral (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, your home) was required?
Other
601
Sysmiss
What was the approximate value of the collateral required as a percentage of the loan value?
163
438
18
500
150.81
61.084
18
33
50
60
70
80
90
92
100
110
111
118
120
125
127
130
140
148
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
250
300
420
500
Sysmiss
What is the loan’s annual cost (i.e., rate of interest)?
194
407
1
25
17.508
3.823
1
6
10
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
16.5
17
17.6000003814697
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
21
22
23
24
25
Sysmiss
What is the duration of the loan in months?
192
409
2
400
24.146
38.692
2
3
4
6
9
10
11
12
15
18
24
30
31
35
36
48
60
61
72
84
111
120
121
140
170
180
400
Sysmiss
Was the loan denominated in local or foreign currency?
192
409
1
Local currency
2
Foreign currency
Sysmiss
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
On what date was the loan received?
187
414
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sysmiss
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
On what date was the loan received?
189
412
1997
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Sysmiss
How many days did it take to agree the loan with the bank from the date of application?
INTERVIEWER GO TO Q.48
190
411
1
180
18.205
22.448
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
14
15
20
21
30
35
36
40
45
60
70
90
100
180
Sysmiss
If your firm does not currently have a loan, what was the reason?
396
205
1
Did not apply for a loan
2
Application was turned down
3
Application is still pending
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - MULTIPLE ANSWERS
CARD - Q.47b
Does not need a loan
Application procedure of bank loans are too burdensome
Collateral requirements for bank loans are too strict
Interest rates are too high
It is necessary to make informal payments to get bank loans
Did not think it would be approved
If your firm did not apply for a loan, what were the main reasons?
INTERVIEWER: GO TO Q.48
369
232
1
Does not need a loan
2
Application procedures are too burdensome
3
Collateral requirements are too strict
4
Interest rates are too high
5
It is necessary to make informal payments
6
Did not think it would be approved
7
Others (Specify)
12
14
17
23
24
34
46
123
124
134
145
234
245
246
247
345
346
1234
2345
2347
12345
23456
Sysmiss
369
232
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sysmiss
106
495
1
2
3
4
5
Sysmiss
55
546
1
2
3
4
Sysmiss
15
586
1
2
3
Sysmiss
4
597
1
2
Sysmiss
CARD - Q.47b
Does not need a loan
Application procedure of bank loans are too burdensome
Collateral requirements for bank loans are too strict
Interest rates are too high
It is necessary to make informal payments to get bank loans
Did not think it would be approved
If your firm did not apply for a loan, what were the main reasons?
Other
INTERVIEWER: GO TO Q.48
5
596
1
2
3
9
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.47c
Lack of acceptable collateral
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
Inadequate credit history of the firm
Incompleteness of the loan application
If the loan application of your firm was rejected, what were the main reasons?
12
589
1
Lack of acceptable collateral
2
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
3
Inadequate credit history of the firm
4
Incompleteness of the loan application
5
Others (Specify)
Sysmiss
12
589
1
2
3
4
Sysmiss
601
Sysmiss
601
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.47c
Lack of acceptable collateral
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
Inadequate credit history of the firm
Incompleteness of the loan application
If the loan application of your firm was rejected, what were the main reasons?
Other
601
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
International Accounting Standards
562
39
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
US GAAP
556
45
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
National Accounting Standards
580
21
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm have its annual financial statement checked and certified by an external auditor?
580
21
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Cash
596
5
100
52.604
42.669
1
2
5
8
10
15
17
20
25
30
40
47
50
58
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
98
99
100
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Through bank (electronic transfers of cash/cheques/credit cards, etc..)
596
5
100
45.05
41.67
1
2
5
8
10
15
18
20
24
25
29
30
40
50
53
59
60
67
68
70
73
75
80
85
89
90
93
95
96
98
99
100
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Bills of exchange (e.g., veksels)
596
5
70
1.035
5.852
1
2
3
5
8
10
20
25
30
40
50
70
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Debt swaps or offsets
596
5
40
0.421
3.127
1
2
5
10
12
15
20
35
40
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Exchange of goods for goods
596
5
40
0.804
4.144
1
2
3
5
8
10
15
20
25
30
40
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Other
596
5
20
0.0856
1.01
5
6
10
20
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Cash
585
16
100
38.374
41.074
1
2
5
9
10
15
17
20
25
30
40
47
50
60
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Through bank (electronic transfers of cash/cheques/credit cards, etc..)
585
16
100
59.624
40.939
5
10
15
20
30
40
45
50
52
53
58
59
60
62
70
75
78
80
83
84
85
90
91
95
96
98
99
100
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Bills of exchange (e.g., veksels)
585
16
65
0.872
5.452
1
2
3
5
8
10
15
20
30
40
50
65
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Debt swaps or offsets
585
16
40
0.313
2.911
1
2
5
10
15
20
30
40
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Exchange of goods for goods
585
16
80
0.756
4.756
1
2
3
5
8
10
15
20
30
40
80
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Other
585
16
20
0.0615
0.956
6
10
20
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Utilities
593
8
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Taxes
594
7
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Employees
594
7
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Material input suppliers
595
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Utilities
17
584
1
10
4.294
3.771
1
3
5
7
10
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Taxes
21
580
1
30
10.476
8.903
1
2
3
5
8
10
15
20
30
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Employees
10
591
1
30
11.3
11.275
1
2
5
8
20
25
30
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Material input suppliers
36
565
1
37
8.5
8.224
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
15
20
37
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
National government
595
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Regional or local government
594
7
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
EU sources
571
30
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Other (SPECIFY)
535
66
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
National government
1
600
5
5
5
5
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Regional or local government
1
600
1
1
1
1
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
EU sources
1
600
5
5
5
5
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Other (SPECIFY)
601
Sysmiss
1) I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU QUESTIONS ABOUT THE OVERALL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN YOUR COUNTRY AND HOW IT AFFECTS YOUR FIRM
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Access to financing (e.g., collateral required or financing not available from banks)
563
38
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Cost of financing (e.g., interest rates and charges)
547
54
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Telecommunications
567
34
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Electricity
592
9
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Transportation
587
14
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Access to land
531
70
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Title or leasing of land
501
100
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Tax rates
587
14
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Tax administration
585
16
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Customs and trade regulations
491
110
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Business licensing and permits
571
30
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Labour regulations
587
14
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Skills and education of available workers
579
22
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Uncertainty about regulatory policies
584
17
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Macroeconomic instability (inflation, exchange rate)
584
17
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Functioning of the judiciary
537
64
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Corruption
550
51
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Street crime, theft and disorder
568
33
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Organised crime/mafia
544
57
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Anti-competitive practices of other competitors
570
31
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Contract violations by customers and suppliers
572
29
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Other
601
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Other
601
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUR FIRM AND ITS INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Sales
601
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Exports
90
511
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Fixed assets (e.g., land, buildings, machinery and equipment)
601
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Material inputs
601
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Sales
445
156
2
500
44.393
57.695
2
3
5
7
8
10
12
15
16
17
18
20
24
25
30
35
36
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
90
98
100
120
130
150
200
250
300
400
500
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Exports
62
539
1
400
53.935
76.464
1
2
3
5
7
10
15
20
30
40
50
70
80
100
150
200
300
400
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Fixed assets (e.g., land, buildings, machinery and equipment)
234
367
1
500
47.581
67.257
1
3
5
7
10
15
20
22
25
30
40
50
60
70
75
80
98
100
105
120
150
200
250
300
350
500
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Material inputs
400
201
1
400
42.18
55.25
1
2
3
5
7
8
9
10
12
15
17
18
20
23
25
30
35
36
40
50
55
60
70
80
85
95
100
120
140
150
200
250
300
400
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Merged with another firm
595
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Acquired another firm
595
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Sold one or more of your firm’s existing establishments
592
9
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of your firm’s total sales
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
390
211
10
92590
1956.877
7418.684
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of the replacement value of the physical production assets owned and used by your firm (land, buildings, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
136
465
2
15400
709.993
1841.43
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of the total operating costs (material inputs bought in components/services, labour costs, energy, fuel, repairs, depreciation & administration expenses etc.)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
388
213
8
82490
1720.802
6637.26
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of the material input costs and bought in components/services corresponding to your firm’s total sales
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
349
252
1
37040
874.653
3573.684
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of your total cost of labour (permanent and part-time employees) wages, salaries, and benefits
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
351
250
2
18500
261.57
1266.988
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of your total energy and fuel costs
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
336
265
1
5250
83.893
404.834
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
New buildings, machinery and equipment
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
313
288
429
27.875
54.113
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
Research and development (including wages and salaries of R&D personnel, R&D materials, R&D related education and R&D training costs)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
312
289
800
14.542
71.278
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
Advertising and marketing (including wages and salaries for in-house advertising & marketing personnel)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
315
286
714
19.225
59.994
What percentage of your total profits in 2003 were invested in the firm in 2004?
INTERVIEWERS IF THE RESPONDENT DID NOT INVEST ANY OF THE PROFITS WRITE 000
498
103
100
35.787
35.292
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
11
14
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
82
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your total profits in 2003 were invested in the firm in 2004?
INTERVIEWERS IF THE RESPONDENT DID NOT INVEST ANY OF THE PROFITS WRITE 000
58
543
1
No profit in 2003
Sysmiss
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Developed successfully a major new product line/service
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Upgraded an existing product line/service
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Discontinued at least one product (not production) line/service
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Agreed to a new joint venture with foreign partner
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Obtained a new product licensing agreement
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Outsourced a major production activity/service that was previously conducted in-house
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Brought in-house of a major production activity/service that was previously outsourced
601
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Obtained a new quality accreditation (ISO 9000, 9002 or 14,000, AGCCP, etc)
601
1
Yes
2
No
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED “YES” ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Developed successfully a major new product line/service
197
404
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Upgraded an existing product line/service
299
302
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Discontinued at least one product (not production) line/service
96
505
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Agreed to a new joint venture with foreign partner
14
587
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Obtained a new product licensing agreement
100
501
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Outsourced a major production activity/service that was previously conducted in-house
41
560
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Brought in-house of a major production activity/service that was previously outsourced
20
581
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Obtained a new quality accreditation (ISO 9000, 9002 or 14,000, AGCCP, etc)
52
549
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
Has your firm acquired new production technology over the last 36 months?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.61b
If answer is No or Don't know then GO TO Q.62
585
16
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.61b
Embodied in new machinery and equipment
Hired key personnel/consultants with the technological expertise
New license or turnkey operations from international sources
New licensing or turnkey operation from domestic sources
Developed or adapted with the firm
Transferred from the parent company
Developed in cooperation with customers
Developed in cooperation with suppliers
Obtained from a business or industry association
Obtained from universities or public institutions
What was the most important way your firm acquired this new technology, choosing from the list below?
178
423
1
Embodied in new machinery and equipment
2
Hired key personnel/consultants with the technological expertise
3
New license or turnkey operations from international sources
4
New licensing or turnkey operations from domestic sources
5
Developed or adapted within the firm
6
Transferred from the parent company
7
Developed in cooperation with customers
8
Developed in cooperation with suppliers
9
Obtained from a business or industry association
10
Obtained from universities or public institutions
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
My firm is organised in much the same way as it was 36 months ago
My firm has had some reallocation of responsibility & resources between departments
My firm has had major reallocations of responsibility & resources between departments
My firm has had a completely new organisational structure
Which of the following best describes the organisation of departments (in terms of the allocation of responsibilities, budgetary resources and staff) within your firm over the last 36 months?
599
2
1
My firm is organised in much the same way as it was 36 months ago
2
My firm has had some reallocation of responsibility and resources between departments
3
My firm has had major reallocations of responsibility and resources between
4
My firm has had a completely new organisational structure
5
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to “Developing new products or services and markets”:
Pressure from domestic competitors
593
8
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Developing new products or services and markets":
Pressure from foreign competitors
558
43
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Developing new products or services and markets":
Pressure from customers
587
14
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to “Reducing the production costs of existing products or services”:
Pressure from domestic competitors
582
19
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Reducing the production costs of existing products or services":
Pressure from foreign competitors
549
52
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Reducing the production costs of existing products or services":
Pressure from customers
578
23
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
In your judgement, what is your firm’s current output in comparison with the maximum output possible
using its facilities/man power at the time? If you are using the facilities/man power to the full, answer
100%; if output was 60% of capacity, answer 60%. What was the capacity utilisation 36 months ago?
597
4
25
100
84.151
18.908
25
30
35
40
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
98
99
100
Sysmiss
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
In your judgement, what is your firm’s current output in comparison with the maximum output possible using its facilities/man power at the time? If you are using the facilities/man power to the full, answer 100%; if output was 60% of capacity, answer 60%. What was the capacity utilisation 36 months ago?
577
24
5
100
79.648
21.901
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
78
80
82
85
90
95
98
99
100
Sysmiss
How many hours per week does this establishment operate now and how many did it operate 36 months ago?
Now
601
8
168
56.306
28.826
8
10
24
30
32
34
35
36
38
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
58
60
62
63
64
65
66
70
71
72
73
75
77
80
82
84
86
87
90
91
96
98
100
105
112
150
168
How many hours per week does this establishment operate now and how many did it operate 36 months ago?
36 months ago
597
4
8
168
55.404
28.569
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE EMPLOYEES OF YOUR FIRM
How many permanent, full-time employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number).
Now
601
2
9900
154.469
589.854
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
34
35
36
38
40
41
42
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
54
58
60
63
65
66
69
70
72
74
76
80
84
85
86
87
90
100
103
105
110
112
115
120
135
138
140
150
160
162
164
170
180
195
200
205
213
220
228
230
240
245
248
250
260
265
270
295
300
313
320
350
361
370
450
480
493
500
550
560
568
660
680
700
800
890
967
980
1000
1200
1600
1720
1800
2000
2590
3000
4300
5000
9900
How many permanent, full-time employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number).
36 months ago
594
7
1
11290
165.061
741.25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
30
31
32
34
35
36
37
40
42
44
45
46
48
49
50
52
59
60
65
70
73
74
75
76
80
86
90
93
98
100
105
110
115
118
120
130
138
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
231
240
250
260
270
280
283
300
320
350
360
400
450
480
500
515
520
540
564
600
640
670
800
900
994
1000
1500
1600
1700
2000
2395
2400
3500
3800
4000
4800
9900
11290
Sysmiss
How many part-time or temporary employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number)
Now
INTERVIEWER: IF IN ANY OF THE YEARS THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PART-TIME – WRITE 00000 WHERE APPLICABLE
594
7
80000
262.641
4357.721
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
17
19
20
23
25
27
28
30
40
46
50
60
70
100
110
150
200
300
450
500
1000
70000
80000
Sysmiss
How many part-time or temporary employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number)
36 months ago
INTERVIEWER: IF IN ANY OF THE YEARS THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PART-TIME – WRITE 00000 WHERE APPLICABLE
589
12
10001
22.8
412.695
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
20
22
25
30
39
40
45
50
60
100
120
200
300
400
10001
Sysmiss
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Managers (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)
595
6
100
15.116
12.684
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
25
28
29
30
33
34
38
40
48
50
56
60
75
80
100
Sysmiss
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Professionals (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)
595
6
100
23.066
26.369
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
27
30
33
35
40
43
45
50
51
52
54
55
60
61
64
65
66
67
70
71
72
73
75
76
79
80
82
83
84
85
86
88
89
90
92
93
94
96
98
100
Sysmiss
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Skilled workers
595
6
100
41.082
31.608
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
30
31
32
33
34
35
37
40
41
42
43
45
46
48
50
52
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
97
100
Sysmiss
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Unskilled workers
595
6
86
8.151
14.575
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
20
22
24
25
26
30
32
33
34
35
38
40
41
43
45
49
50
52
53
55
57
60
63
75
80
81
85
86
Sysmiss
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Non-production workers (e.g., administration, sales)
595
6
94
12.585
21.718
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
23
24
25
28
30
33
34
35
38
39
40
41
42
43
50
53
55
58
60
65
67
70
72
73
75
80
81
83
84
85
90
91
92
94
Sysmiss
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Managers (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)
579
22
100
16.632
16.166
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
25
28
29
30
33
34
40
43
50
52
58
60
70
80
91
100
Sysmiss
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Professionals (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)
579
22
100
22.622
25.766
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
29
30
33
35
39
40
45
50
54
55
57
60
64
65
66
67
70
72
75
76
77
78
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
92
93
94
95
97
100
Sysmiss
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Skilled workers
579
22
100
39.067
32.072
1
3
5
7
9
10
12
13
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
29
30
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
42
43
45
48
50
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
88
89
90
92
93
94
95
97
100
Sysmiss
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Unskilled workers
579
22
91
9.24
16.109
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
25
26
30
33
35
38
39
40
43
44
45
46
48
50
51
52
53
55
57
60
70
75
80
81
85
91
Sysmiss
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Non-production workers (e.g., administration, sales)
579
22
92
12.439
21.578
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
23
24
25
28
29
30
33
34
38
40
42
43
50
53
58
60
63
65
67
70
73
75
78
79
80
82
83
86
87
90
91
92
Sysmiss
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Up to primary school
588
13
40
0.748
3.749
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
10
15
17
20
23
25
28
38
40
Sysmiss
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Vocational qualification
588
13
100
39.488
31.618
1
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
20
22
25
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
47
48
50
53
55
57
58
59
60
62
64
65
66
67
70
71
72
73
75
76
78
79
80
81
83
84
85
86
87
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
100
Sysmiss
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Secondary school qualification
588
13
100
21.656
26.429
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
17
19
20
22
25
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
49
50
51
53
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
63
65
67
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
78
80
82
84
85
86
87
90
92
97
100
Sysmiss
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Some university education or higher
588
13
100
38.107
32.194
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
38
40
42
45
47
50
58
59
60
64
67
70
71
74
75
80
82
83
84
85
86
88
89
90
91
94
95
99
100
Sysmiss
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Up to primary school
577
24
40
0.721
3.431
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
14
15
20
23
24
25
40
Sysmiss
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Vocational qualification
577
24
100
38.792
31.76
1
2
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
33
35
37
39
40
41
43
44
45
46
48
49
50
53
55
57
58
59
60
62
63
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
100
Sysmiss
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Secondary school qualification
577
24
100
22.608
27.329
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
18
19
20
22
25
28
29
30
33
34
35
37
38
39
40
41
43
44
45
46
47
48
50
52
53
55
56
60
61
63
65
66
67
68
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
78
80
82
83
85
86
88
90
91
95
97
100
Sysmiss
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Some university education or higher
577
24
100
37.879
32.499
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
38
40
42
43
45
47
50
54
55
60
64
67
70
71
74
75
76
78
80
81
83
85
86
88
90
91
94
95
99
100
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Manager (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)?
262
339
1
26
3.607
3.888
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
20
24
26
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Professional (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)?
368
233
1
48
3.804
4.611
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
16
20
22
24
28
48
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Skilled worker?
352
249
1
24
2.918
2.919
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
16
20
24
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Unskilled worker?
170
431
1
8
1.459
1.044
1
2
3
4
5
8
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Non-production worker (e.g., administration, sales)?
230
371
1
26
2.178
2.901
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
12
14
20
26
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Skilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS – WRITE 000
449
152
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Unskilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
258
343
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Non-production workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
328
273
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Skilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
449
152
100
18.619
33.808
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
65
70
80
90
100
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Unskilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
257
344
100
6.019
21.189
7
10
20
40
50
80
100
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Non-production workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
92
509
10
100
54.13
33.729
10
15
20
23
25
30
37
40
50
55
60
70
75
80
90
100
Sysmiss
How many working days did your firm lose over the last 12 months due to:
Strikes or other labour disputes?
INTERVIEWER: IF NO DAYS LOST – WRITE 000, WHERE APPLICABLE
601
10
0.0366
0.502
1
5
10
How many working days did your firm lose over the last 12 months due to:
Civil unrest?
INTERVIEWER: IF NO DAYS LOST – WRITE 000, WHERE APPLICABLE
601
Now, I would like to ask you a hypothetical question. If you could change the number of regular full-time workers your firm currently employs without any restrictions (i.e. without seeking permission, making severance payments etc.), what would be your optimal level of employment as a percent of your existing workforce? (e.g., 90% implies you would reduce your workforce by 10%, 110% means you want to expand by 10%)
596
5
10
310
107.431
22.976
10
50
60
80
85
90
95
98
100
101
103
104
105
106
110
112
114
115
118
120
125
130
133
134
140
150
160
170
200
300
310
Sysmiss
If you can recall, did we interview you personally in the previous BEEPS survey, which we conducted in 2002?
INTERVIEWER THANK RESPONDENT:
Thank you very much for having taken the time to complete this questionnaire. The information on your perceptions is a very important input for the evaluation of conditions in the business environment and private sector relations with government, as well as for the formulation of policy advice.
601
1
Yes
2
No
INTERVIEWER: READ TO THE RESPONDENT:
WE MAY REPEAT THIS SURVEY IN ABOUT 2-3 YEARS TIME IN ORDER TO SEE HOW THE BUSINESS ENVIRONEMENT HAS CHANGED. TO THIS END, WE WOULD LIKE TO ESTABLISH A PANEL OF COMPANIES AND WOULD ASK FOR YOUR PERMISSION TO INCLUDE YOUR COMPANY’S NAME, ADDRESS, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER IN A COFIDENTIAL DATABASE. THIS INFORMATION MAY BE USED BY OUR COMPANY OR A DIFFERENT RESEARCH AGENCY IN ORDER TO INTERVIEW YOU AGAIN IN 2-3 YEARS TIME. DO WE HAVE YOUR PERMISSION TO INCLUDE THE ABOVE-MENTIONED COMPANY DETAILS IN OUR DATABASE?
601
1
Permission granted
2
Permission refused