DDI_MLT_2017_FINDEX_v02_M_WB
Development Economics Data Group
2018-10-09
NADA
Version 01 (October 2018)
Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2017
FINDEX 2017
MLT_2017_FINDEX_v02_M
Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit
Gallup, Inc.
NADA
Development Research Group, World Bank
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Global Findex
Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world’s most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017.
Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, the 2017 Global Findex database includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the internet to conduct financial transactions.
This version differs from version 1 in that it includes one or both of the following additional variables from the questionnaire, that had been left out of version 1:
- fin48 "Has a national ID"
- mobileowner "Owns a mobile for personal calls"
Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.
By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.
Malta
National coverage
Individuals
The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.
Observation data/ratings [obs]
The Global Findex database provides more than 200 indicators on topics such as account ownership, payments, saving, credit, and financial resilience. Global Findex data is available for more than 140 countries around the world which make up 97% of the world's population. Data is available for 2017, 2014, and 2011.
The indicators in the 2017 Global Findex database are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in 144 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world's population (see Table A.1 of the Global Findex Database 2017 Report for a list of the economies included). The survey was carried out over the 2017 calendar year by Gallup, Inc., as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has annually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 150 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. Interview procedure Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where this is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks.
In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used.
Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed and the handheld survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.
In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.
The sample size was 1003.
Landline and cellular telephone
The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in more than 140 languages upon request.
Questions on cash on delivery, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.
Interviews were conducted in the following languages:
- Maltese
- English
Data weighting is used to ensure a nationally representative sample for each economy. Final weights consist of the base sampling weight, which corrects for unequal probability of selection based on household size, and the poststratification weight, which corrects for sampling and nonresponse error. Poststratification weights use economy-level population statistics on gender and age and, where reliable data are available, education or socioeconomic status.
Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank. Ref: MLT_2017_FINDEX_v02_M. Accessed at [url] on [date]
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
micro_mlt
2017 Global Findex - Malta Microdata
1003
81
Economy
Economy
Economy
Economy
Economy
1003
Malta
Economy Code
Economy Code
Economy Code
Economy Code
Economy Code
1003
MLT
Gallup World Poll identifier
Gallup World Poll identifier
Gallup World Poll identifier
Gallup World Poll identifier
Gallup World Poll identifier
1003
111135023
210995580
Weight
Weight
Weight
Weight
Weight
1003
0.265
2.682
Respondent is female
Respondent is female
Respondent is female
Respondent is female
Respondent is female
1003
1
2
1
Male
2
Female
Respondent age
Respondent age
Respondent age
Respondent age
Respondent age
1002
1
15
92
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
58
59
59
60
60
61
61
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
67
68
68
69
69
70
70
71
71
72
72
73
73
74
74
75
75
76
76
77
77
78
78
79
79
80
80
81
81
82
82
83
83
84
84
85
85
86
86
87
87
88
88
89
89
90
90
91
91
92
92
93
93
94
94
95
95
96
96
97
97
98
98
99
99+
Sysmiss
Respondent education level
Respondent education level
Respondent education level
Respondent education level
Respondent education level
1003
1
4
1
completed primary or less
2
secondary
3
completed tertiary or more
4
(dk)
5
(rf)
Within-economy household income quintile
Within-economy household income quintile
Within-economy household income quintile
Within-economy household income quintile
Within-economy household income quintile
1003
1
5
1
Poorest 20%
2
Second 20%
3
Middle 20%
4
Fourth 20%
5
Richest 20%
Respondent is in the workforce
Respondent is in the workforce
Respondent is in the workforce
Respondent is in the workforce
Respondent is in the workforce
1003
1
out of workforce
1
in workforce
Has a debit card
Has a debit card
Has a debit card
Has a debit card
Has a debit card
A/An [local terminology for ATM/debit card] is a card connected to an account at a financial institution that allows you to withdraw money, and the money is taken out of THAT ACCOUNT right away. Do you, personally, have a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card]? Yes or no?
(If respondent has an account at a financial institution AND has a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card] [code 1 in FIN1 AND code 1 in FIN2], Continue to FIN3)
(If respondent has an account at a financial institution but does NOT have a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card] or says “don’t know” or refuses [code 1 in FIN1 AND code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN2], Skip to FIN5)
(If respondent does NOT have an account at a financial institution or says “don’t know” or refuses but DOES have a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card] [code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN1 AND code 1 in FIN2], Continue to FIN3)
(If respondent does NOT have an account at a financial institution or says “don’t know” or refuses AND does NOT have a/an [local terminology for ATM/debit card] or says “don’t know” or refuses [code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN1 AND code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN2], Skip to FIN7)
1003
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
If has debit card: card in own name
If has debit card: card in own name
If has debit card: card in own name
If has debit card: card in own name
If has debit card: card in own name
Is this [local terminology for ATM/debit card] connected to an account with your name on it?
DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN7)
879
124
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If has debit card: used card in past 12 months
If has debit card: used card in past 12 months
If has debit card: used card in past 12 months
If has debit card: used card in past 12 months
If has debit card: used card in past 12 months
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you used your OWN [local terminology for ATM/debit card] DIRECTLY to make a purchase?
864
139
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, did you ever use a MOBILE PHONE or the Internet to make a payment, to buy something, or to send money FROM your account at a bank or another type of financial institution?
966
37
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you checked your account balance using a mobile phone or the Internet?
966
37
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Has a credit card
Has a credit card
Has a credit card
Has a credit card
Has a credit card
A credit card is a card that allows you to BORROW money in order to make payments or buy things, and you can pay the balance off later. Do you, personally, have a credit card?
No/DH/Refused > (Skip to Note after FIN8)
1003
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
If has credit card: used card in past 12 months
If has credit card: used card in past 12 months
If has credit card: used card in past 12 months
If has credit card: used card in past 12 months
If has credit card: used card in past 12 months
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, used your credit card?
512
491
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months
If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months
If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months
If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months
If has account: any deposit into account in past 12 months
(READ:) Now, thinking about ALL the PERSONAL accounts you have at financial institutions, either by yourself or together with someone else...
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has money ever been DEPOSITED into your personal account(s)? This includes cash or electronic deposits, or any time money is put into your account(s) by yourself, an employer, or another person or institution.
979
24
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months
If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months
If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months
If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months
If has account: any withdrawal from account in past 12 months
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has money ever been TAKEN OUT of your personal account(s)? This includes cash withdrawals you make in person, using your [local terminology for ATM/debit card] or mobile phone, electronic payments or purchases, checks, or any other time money is removed from your account(s) by yourself or by another person or institution.
(ALL in FIN10, Skip to FIN12 IN GSMA MOBILE MONEY COUNTRIES OR FIN14)
979
24
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If does not have account: b/c too far away
If does not have account: b/c too far away
If does not have account: b/c too far away
If does not have account: b/c too far away
If does not have account: b/c too far away
UNBANKED SECTION
Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H)
- FIN11A.Because financial institutions are too far away
24
979
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If does not have account: b/c too expensive
If does not have account: b/c too expensive
If does not have account: b/c too expensive
If does not have account: b/c too expensive
If does not have account: b/c too expensive
UNBANKED SECTION
Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H)
- Because financial services are too expensive
24
979
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If does not have account: b/c lack documentation
If does not have account: b/c lack documentation
If does not have account: b/c lack documentation
If does not have account: b/c lack documentation
If does not have account: b/c lack documentation
UNBANKED SECTION
Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H)
- Because you don’t have the necessary documentation (identity card, wage slip, etc.)
24
979
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If does not have account: b/c lack trust
If does not have account: b/c lack trust
If does not have account: b/c lack trust
If does not have account: b/c lack trust
If does not have account: b/c lack trust
UNBANKED SECTION
Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H)
- Because you don’t trust financial institutions
24
979
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If does not have account: b/c religious reasons
If does not have account: b/c religious reasons
If does not have account: b/c religious reasons
If does not have account: b/c religious reasons
If does not have account: b/c religious reasons
UNBANKED SECTION
Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H)
- Because of religious reasons
24
979
2
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If does not have account: b/c lack of money
If does not have account: b/c lack of money
If does not have account: b/c lack of money
If does not have account: b/c lack of money
If does not have account: b/c lack of money
UNBANKED SECTION
Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H)
- Because you don’t have enough money to use financial institutions
24
979
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If does not have account: b/c family member already has one
If does not have account: b/c family member already has one
If does not have account: b/c family member already has one
If does not have account: b/c family member already has one
If does not have account: b/c family member already has one
UNBANKED SECTION
Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H)
- Because someone else in the family already has an account
24
979
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services
If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services
If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services
If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services
If does not have account: b/c no need for financial services
UNBANKED SECTION
Please tell me whether each of the following is A REASON why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution. Is it ___________ ? (Randomly rotate FIN11A-FIN11H)
- Because you have no need for financial services at a formal institution
24
979
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Made bill payments online using the Internet
Made bill payments online using the Internet
Made bill payments online using the Internet
Made bill payments online using the Internet
Made bill payments online using the Internet
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, used the Internet, whether on a mobile phone, a computer, or some other device, to ________?
- Make bill payments
(If respondent has used the Internet to buy something online in the past 12 months [code 1 in FIN14B], Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN15)
1003
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Bought something online using the Internet
Bought something online using the Internet
Bought something online using the Internet
Bought something online using the Internet
Bought something online using the Internet
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, used the Internet, whether on a mobile phone, a computer, or some other device, to ________?
- Buy something online
(If respondent has used the Internet to buy something online in the past 12 months [code 1 in FIN14B], Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN15)
1003
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
Saved in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
SAVINGS SECTION
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, saved or set aside any money to start, operate, or grow a business or farm?
(If respondent has saved money for business purposes, for old age, or by using a financial account or an informal savings group/club [code 1 to ANY in FIN15, FIN16, FIN17A, OR FIN17B, Skip to Read before FIN19;
Otherwise, Continue)
1003
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Saved in past 12 months: for old age
Saved in past 12 months: for old age
Saved in past 12 months: for old age
Saved in past 12 months: for old age
Saved in past 12 months: for old age
SAVINGS SECTION
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, saved or set aside any money FOR OLD AGE?
(If respondent has saved money for business purposes, for old age, or by using a financial account or an informal savings group/club [code 1 to ANY in FIN15, FIN16, FIN17A, OR FIN17B, Skip to Read before FIN19;
Otherwise, Continue)
1003
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution
Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution
Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution
Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution
Saved in past 12 months: using an account at a financial institution
SAVINGS SECTION
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, saved or set aside any money by __________?
- Using an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution (This can include using another person’s account)
(If respondent has saved money for business purposes, for old age, or by using a financial account or an informal savings group/club [code 1 to ANY in FIN15, FIN16, FIN17A, OR FIN17B, Skip to Read before FIN19;
Otherwise, Continue)
1003
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land
Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land
Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land
Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land
Has loan from a financial institution for home, apartment, or land
(READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions.
BORROWING SECTION
Do you, by yourself or together with someone else, currently have a loan you took out from a bank or another type of formal financial institution to purchase a HOME, APARTMENT, OR LAND?
1003
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes
Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes
Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes
Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes
Borrowed in past 12 months: for medical purposes
(READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions.
BORROWING SECTION
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed money for health or medical purposes?
1003
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
Borrowed in past 12 months: for farm/business purposes
(READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions.
BORROWING SECTION
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed money to start, operate, or grow a business or farm?
1003
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution
Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution
Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution
Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution
Borrowed in past 12 months: from a financial institution
(READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions.
BORROWING SECTION
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed any money from any of the following sources?
- From a bank or another type of formal financial institution
1003
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends
Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends
Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends
Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends
Borrowed in past 12 months: from family or friends
(READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions.
BORROWING SECTION
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, by yourself or together with someone else, borrowed any money from any of the following sources?
- From family, relatives, or friends
1003
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Possibility of coming up with emergency funds
Possibility of coming up with emergency funds
Possibility of coming up with emergency funds
Possibility of coming up with emergency funds
Possibility of coming up with emergency funds
(READ:) This next section is about borrowing money for different purposes and from different sources such as family and friends, and banks, [local terminology for formal financial lenders], or other formal financial institutions.
FINANCIAL RESILIENCE SECTION
Now, imagine that you have an emergency and you need to pay [1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency]. Is it possible or not possible that you could come up with [1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency] within the NEXT MONTH?
Possible > (Continue)
Not possible > (Skip to FIN26)
(DK) > (Continue)
(Refused) > Continue
1003
1
4
1
Possible
2
Not possible
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Main source of emergency funds
Main source of emergency funds
Main source of emergency funds
Main source of emergency funds
Main source of emergency funds
What would be the MAIN source of money that you would use to come up with [1/20 of GNI per capita in local currency] within the NEXT MONTH?
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE
795
208
1
8
1
Main source: Savings
2
Main source: Family or friends
3
Main source: Money from working
4
Main source: Borrowing from a bank, empoyer, or private lend
5
Main source: Selling assets
6
Main source: Some other source
7
(dk)
8
ref
Sysmiss
Paid utility bills in past 12 months
Paid utility bills in past 12 months
Paid utility bills in past 12 months
Paid utility bills in past 12 months
Paid utility bills in past 12 months
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, made regular payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection? Yes or no?
Yes > (Continue)
No/DK/Refused >(Skip to FIN32)
1003
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
If paid utility bills: using an account
If paid utility bills: using an account
If paid utility bills: using an account
If paid utility bills: using an account
If paid utility bills: using an account
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection in any of the following ways?
- You used an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution to directly make a payment
(If respondent has made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection through an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN31A OR code 1 in FIN31B], Skip to FIN32; Otherwise, Continue)
659
344
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone
If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone
If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone
If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone
If paid utility bills: through a mobile phone
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection in any of the following ways?
- You used a mobile phone to make a payment
(If respondent has made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection through an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN31A OR code 1 in FIN31B], Skip to FIN32; Otherwise, Continue)
659
344
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If paid utility bills: in cash
If paid utility bills: in cash
If paid utility bills: in cash
If paid utility bills: in cash
If paid utility bills: in cash
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, made payments for electricity, water, OR trash collection in any of the following ways? (Read) You made a payment using cash.
287
716
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Received wage payments in past 12 months
Received wage payments in past 12 months
Received wage payments in past 12 months
Received wage payments in past 12 months
Received wage payments in past 12 months
Have you received any money from an EMPLOYER, in the form of SALARY OR WAGES, for doing work in the PAST 12 MONTHS? Please do NOT consider any money you received directly from clients or customers.
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE
Yes > (Continue)
No/DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN37)
1003
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
If received wage payments: work in public sector
If received wage payments: work in public sector
If received wage payments: work in public sector
If received wage payments: work in public sector
If received wage payments: work in public sector
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you been employed by the government, military, or public sector? Yes or no?
570
433
1
4
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received wage payments: into an account
If received wage payments: into an account
If received wage payments: into an account
If received wage payments: into an account
If received wage payments: into an account
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has an EMPLOYER paid your salary or wages in any of the following ways?
- You received payments directly into an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution
(If respondent received payments from an employer for salary or wages directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN34A OR code 1 in FIN34B], Skip to FIN35; Otherwise, Continue)
570
433
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received wage payments: through a mobile phone
If received wage payments: through a mobile phone
If received wage payments: through a mobile phone
If received wage payments: through a mobile phone
If received wage payments: through a mobile phone
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has an EMPLOYER paid your salary or wages in any of the following ways?
- You received payments through a mobile phone
(If respondent received payments from an employer for salary or wages directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN34A OR code 1 in FIN34B], Skip to FIN35; Otherwise, Continue)
570
433
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received wage payments: in cash
If received wage payments: in cash
If received wage payments: in cash
If received wage payments: in cash
If received wage payments: in cash
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has an EMPLOYER paid your salary or wages in any of the following ways?
- You received payments DIRECTLY in cash
(All in FIN34C2, Skip to FIN37)
76
927
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received wage payments: to a card
If received wage payments: to a card
If received wage payments: to a card
If received wage payments: to a card
If received wage payments: to a card
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has an EMPLOYER paid your salary or wages in any of the following ways?
- You received payments to a card
(All in FIN34C2, Skip to FIN37)
76
927
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received cashless wage payments: first account
If received cashless wage payments: first account
If received cashless wage payments: first account
If received cashless wage payments: first account
If received cashless wage payments: first account
Thinking about the account you use to receive payments from an employer, was it the first account you ever opened, or not?
Yes > (Continue)
No/DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN37)
494
509
1
3
1
Yes
2
No
3
(DK)
4
(Refused)
Sysmiss
If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments
If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments
If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments
If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments
If received cashless wage payments: opened to receive payments
Did you open this account in order to receive payments from this employer?
173
830
1
2
1
Yes
2
No
3
(DK)
4
(Refused)
Sysmiss
Received government transfers in past 12 months
Received government transfers in past 12 months
Received government transfers in past 12 months
Received government transfers in past 12 months
Received government transfers in past 12 months
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, RECEIVED any financial support from the government? This money could include payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits, subsidy payments, or any kind of SOCIAL BENEFITS. Please do NOT include wages or any payments related to work.
1003
1
3
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension
Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension
Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension
Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension
Received government transfers in past 12 months: pension
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, received a pension from the government, military, or public sector?
(If respondent received financial support from the government or a pension from the government, military, or public sector [code 1 in FIN37 OR code 1 in FIN38, Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN42)
1003
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
If received government transfers: into an account
If received government transfers: into an account
If received government transfers: into an account
If received government transfers: into an account
If received government transfers: into an account
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received any money from the government in any of the following ways?
- You received payments directly into an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution
(If respondent received any money from the government directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN39A OR code 1 in FIN39B], Skip to FIN40; Otherwise, Continue)
506
497
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received government transfers: through a mobile phone
If received government transfers: through a mobile phone
If received government transfers: through a mobile phone
If received government transfers: through a mobile phone
If received government transfers: through a mobile phone
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received any money from the government in any of the following ways?
- You received payments through a mobile phone
(If respondent received any money from the government directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN39A OR code 1 in FIN39B], Skip to FIN40; Otherwise, Continue)
506
497
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received government transfers: in cash
If received government transfers: in cash
If received government transfers: in cash
If received government transfers: in cash
If received government transfers: in cash
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received any money from the government in any of the following ways?
- You received payments DIRECTLY in cash
164
839
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received government transfers: to a card
If received government transfers: to a card
If received government transfers: to a card
If received government transfers: to a card
If received government transfers: to a card
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received any money from the government in any of the following ways?
- You received payments to a card
(All in FIN39C2, Skip to FIN42)
164
839
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received cashless government transfers: first account
If received cashless government transfers: first account
If received cashless government transfers: first account
If received cashless government transfers: first account
If received cashless government transfers: first account
Thinking about the account you use to receive payments from the government, was it the first account you ever opened, or not?
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE
Yes > Continue
No/DK/Refused > (Skip to FIN42)
65
938
1
3
1
Yes
2
No
3
(DK)
4
(Refused)
Sysmiss
If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments
If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments
If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments
If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments
If received cashless government transfers: opened to receive payments
Did you open this account in order to receive payments from the government?
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE
25
978
1
2
1
Yes
2
No
3
(DK)
4
(Refused)
Sysmiss
Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months
Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months
Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months
Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months
Received self-employment payments: in past 12 months
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you, personally, received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, including part-time work?
CIRCLE ONE RESPONSE
Yes > (Continue)
No/DK/Refused > (Skip to Note before FIN47C3)
433
570
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received self-employment payments: into an account
If received self-employment payments: into an account
If received self-employment payments: into an account
If received self-employment payments: into an account
If received self-employment payments: into an account
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, in any of the following ways?
- You received payments directly into an account at a bank or another type of formal financial institution
(If respondent received any money from their business or from selling goods directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN47A OR code 1 in FIN47B], Skip to Note before FIN47C3; Otherwise, Continue)
54
949
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone
If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone
If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone
If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone
If received self-employment payments: through a mobile phone
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, in any of the following ways?
- You received payments through a mobile phone
(If respondent received any money from their business or from selling goods directly into an account at a financial institution OR through a mobile phone [code 1 in FIN47A OR code 1 in FIN47B], Skip to Note before FIN47C3; Otherwise, Continue)
54
949
2
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received self-employment payments: in cash
If received self-employment payments: in cash
If received self-employment payments: in cash
If received self-employment payments: in cash
If received self-employment payments: in cash
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, in any of the following ways?
- You received payments DIRECTLY in cash
(If code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN1 AND [code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN2 OR code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN3] AND code 1 to ANY in FIN31A, FIN34A, FIN34C2, FIN39A, FIN39C2, FIN43A, FIN43C2, FIN47A, OR FIN47C2, Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN48)
31
972
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
If received self-employment payments: to a card
If received self-employment payments: to a card
If received self-employment payments: to a card
If received self-employment payments: to a card
If received self-employment payments: to a card
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you received money from your business, or for selling goods, or for providing services, in any of the following ways?
- You received payments to a card
(If code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN1 AND [code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN2 OR code 2, 3, or 4 in FIN3] AND code 1 to ANY in FIN31A, FIN34A, FIN34C2, FIN39A, FIN39C2, FIN43A, FIN43C2, FIN47A, OR FIN47C2, Continue; Otherwise, Skip to FIN48)
31
972
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Marginal: Used debit card in your own name
Marginal: Used debit card in your own name
Marginal: Used debit card in your own name
Marginal: Used debit card in your own name
Marginal: Used debit card in your own name
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you used your OWN [insert local terminology for ATM/debit card] DIRECTLY to make a purchase?
2
1001
2
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to access FI account
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, did you ever use a MOBILE PHONE or the Internet to make a payment, to buy something, or to send money FROM your account at a bank or another type of financial institution?
2
1001
2
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
Marginal: Used mobile phone or internet to check account balance
In the PAST 12 MONTHS, have you checked your account balance using a mobile phone or the Internet?
2
1001
2
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Sysmiss
Owns a mobile phone
Owns a mobile phone
Owns a mobile phone
Owns a mobile phone
Owns a mobile phone
1003
1
2
1
yes
2
no
3
(dk)
4
(ref)
Has an account at a financial institution
Has an account at a financial institution
Has an account at a financial institution
Has an account at a financial institution
Has an account at a financial institution
1003
1
1
yes
2
no
3
dk/ref
Has an account
Has an account
Has an account
Has an account
Has an account
1003
1
1
yes
2
no
3
dk/ref
Saved in the past year
Saved in the past year
Saved in the past year
Saved in the past year
Saved in the past year
1003
1
1
yes
2
no
3
dk/ref
Borrowed in the past year
Borrowed in the past year
Borrowed in the past year
Borrowed in the past year
Borrowed in the past year
1003
1
1
yes
2
no
3
dk/ref
Payments: wage payments
Payments: wage payments
Payments: wage payments
Payments: wage payments
Payments: wage payments
1003
1
4
1
into an account
2
Main source: Family or friends
3
Main source: Money from working
4
Main source: Borrowing from a bank, empoyer, or private lend
5
Main source: Selling assets
6
Main source: Some other source
7
(dk)
8
ref
Payments: government transfers
Payments: government transfers
Payments: government transfers
Payments: government transfers
Payments: government transfers
1003
1
5
1
2
3
4
5
Payments: government pension
Payments: government pension
Payments: government pension
Payments: government pension
Payments: government pension
1003
1
4
1
2
3
4
Payments: selling agricultural goods
Payments: selling agricultural goods
Payments: selling agricultural goods
Payments: selling agricultural goods
Payments: selling agricultural goods
1003
Sysmiss
Payments: utility bills
Payments: utility bills
Payments: utility bills
Payments: utility bills
Payments: utility bills
1003
1
5
1
2
3
4
5
Domestic remittances
Domestic remittances
Domestic remittances
Domestic remittances
Domestic remittances
1003
Sysmiss
Pay online [of adults]- F2F
Pay online [of adults]- F2F
Pay online [of adults]- F2F
Pay online [of adults]- F2F
Pay online [of adults]- F2F
1003
no/dk/ref
1
yes
Sysmiss
Pay online [of buyers]- F2F
Pay online [of buyers]- F2F
Pay online [of buyers]- F2F
Pay online [of buyers]- F2F
Pay online [of buyers]- F2F
1003
no/dk/ref
1
yes
Sysmiss
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of adults]- F2F
1003
no/dk/ref
1
yes
Sysmiss
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F
Pay in cash when order is delivered [of buyers]- F2F
1003
no/dk/ref
1
yes
Sysmiss