DDI_SCG_2005_ES_v01_M_WB
Antonina Redko
<_value>
NADA
Version 01
Enterprise Survey 2005
ES 2005
SCG_2005_ES_v01_M_WB
World Bank
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
NADA
World Bank
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. This survey is part of the third round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS III), a joint initiative of the World Bank Group ("WB") and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ("EBRD"). The initial goal of the study is to better understand conditions for doing business in the targeted country and how they compare to other countries. The ultimate goal of the research is to advise governments on ways to change policies and practices that impose a burden on private firms and to develop new projects and programs that strengthen support for enterprise growth.
This research was conducted in Serbia and Montenegro (FR Yugoslavia) from March 10 to April 20, 2005, as part of the third round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey. The objective of the study is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through face-to-face interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.
The survey topics include firm characteristics, information about sales/suppliers, competition, infrastructure services, judiciary/law enforcement collaboration, security, government policies/laws/regulations, financing, overall business environment, bribery, capacity utilization, performance and investment activities, and workforce composition.
Serbia and Montenegro
National
The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment.
The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Synovate
The information below is taken from "The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) 2005: A brief report on observations, experiences and methodology from the survey" prepared by Synovate, a research company that implemented BEEPS III instrument.
The general targeted distributional criteria of the sample for BEEPS III countries were to be as follows:
1) Coverage of countries: The BEEPS III instrument was to be administered to approximately 9,500 enterprises in 28 transition economies: 16 from CEEE (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, FR Yugoslavia, FYROM, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Turkey) and 12 from the CIS (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan).
2) Sector: In each country, the sectoral composition of the sample in terms of manufacturing (including agro-processing) (1) versus services (including commerce) (2)was to be determined by their relative contribution to GDP. Firms that operate in sectors subject to government price regulation and prudential supervision, such as banking, electric power, rail transport, and water and waste water, were to be excluded from the design of the sample.
3) Size: At least 10% of the sample was to be in the small (3) and 10% in the large size categories. Firms with only one employee or more than 10,000 employees were to be excluded.
4) Ownership: At least 10% of the firms were to have foreign control (4) and 10% state control (4).
5) Exporters: At least 10% of the firms were to be exporters (5), meaning that some significant share of their output is exported.
6) Location: At least 10% of firms were to be in the category "small city/countryside" (6).
7) BEEPS 2002 sample coverage: The BEEPS III survey instrument was to be administered to a given proportion of respondents who participated in BEEPS 2002 and had agreed in principle, at that time, to participate in future rounds of the BEEPS.
Enterprises, which began operations in 2002, 2003 and 2004, were to be excluded from the survey.
(1). Mining and quarrying (Section C: 10-14), Construction (Section F: 45), Manufacturing (Section D: 15-37)
(2). Transportation, storage and communications (Section I: 60-64), Wholesale, retail, repairs (Section G: 50-52), Real estate, business services (Section K: 70-74), Hotels and restaurants (Section H: 55), Other community, social and personal activities (Section O: selected groups)
(3). Small=2-49 employees, Medium=50-249, Large=250 - 9,999
(4). More than 50% shareholding
(5). Exports 20% or more of total sales
(6). Population under 50,000 inhabitants
8) The following sources of information were used to prepare the sample frame for Serbia and Montenegro (FR Yugoslavia):
Serbian Chamber of Commerce;
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia;
Municipalities in Serbia;
Cities of Vojvodina;
Enterprise Registry of Serbian Chamber of Commerce;
Telephone Directory of Telekom Serbia.
Face-to-face [f2f]
The current survey instruments are available:
- Screener and Main Questionnaires.
The survey topics include firm characteristics, information about sales/suppliers, competition, infrastructure services, judiciary/law enforcement collaboration, security, government policies/laws/regulations, financing, overall business environment, bribery, capacity utilization, performance and investment activities, and workforce composition.
Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and corruption-related topics, private contractors are preferred over any government agency or an organization/institution associated with government, and are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.
The surveys were implemented following a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a screener questionnaire was applied over the phone to determine eligibility and to make appointments; in the second stage, a face-to-face interview took place with the Manager/Owner/Director of each establishment. Sometimes the survey respondent called company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey.
All Enterprise Surveys are conducted in the local languages.
In Serbia and Montenegro (FR Yugoslavia), the number of targeted interviews was 300; 300 interviews were completed.
A minimum of 30% call-back checks (100% in Russia and the Asian Republics) were made in order to verify and clarify responses.
Data entry and first checking and validation of the results were undertaken locally. Final checking and validation of the results was made at Synovate Head Office.
Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised.
Where necessary please site the source as "Enterprise Analysis Unit - World Bank Group https://www.enterprisesurveys.org"
Aggregate indicators based on Enterprise Survey data are available to the public at https://www.enterprisesurveys.org
Firm-level data is also available to the public free-of-charge. In order to access the firm-level data, users must agree to abide by a strict confidentiality agreement available through Enterprise Analysis Unit website by clicking on "External users register here" at https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/Portal
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Serbia and Montenegro-2005--full data-5
The file contains the cleaned, raw database.
300
419
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
300
Unique ID for each observation
Serial number
300
300
Serbia&Montenegro
If Serbia and Montenegro
300
1
Serbia
2
Montenegro
300
1
Capital
2
Other, over 1 MLN
3
Other, 250K-1MLN
4
Other, 50K-250K
5
Under 50K
City/town/village
300
1
2
10
11
12
13
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
35
37
39
41
42
43
44
45
51
52
53
61
62
63
64
65
Region/oblast
300
1
2
3
4
5
10
Panel enterprise interviewed in BEEPS 2002
300
1
Yes
2
No
IF THIS FIRM WAS INTERVIEWED IN BEEPS 2002, WRITE DOWN ITS SERIAL NUMBER IN 2002 FROM THE PANEL DATABASE PROVIDED
Serial number of firm in BEEPS 2002
43
257
COMPLETE TABLE 6 AND TABLE 7 IF ENTERPRISE IS INCLUDED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY SURVEY, IN ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, POLAND, HUNGARY, ROMANIA, MOLDOVA, AND KAZAKHSTAN
300
1
Armenia
2
Azerbaijan
3
Poland
4
Hungary
5
Romania
6
Moldova
7
Kazakhstan
Sysmiss
COMPLETE TABLE 6 AND TABLE 7 IF ENTERPRISE IS INCLUDED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY SURVEY, IN ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, POLAND, HUNGARY, ROMANIA, MOLDOVA, AND KAZAKHSTAN
300
1
Region A
2
Region B
3
Region C
4
Region D
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE FOR POLAND AND MOLDOVA ONLY
300
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE FOR POLAND AND MOLDOVA ONLY
300
Sysmiss
IF THIS FIRM WAS INTERVIEWED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY BEEPS IN 2003, WRITE DOWN ITS SERIAL NUMBER IN 2003 FROM THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY PANEL DATABASE PROVIDED
Serial number of firm in manufacturing overlay BEEPS in 2003
300
Sysmiss
Good morning/afternoon/evening We have been commissioned by the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, in cooperation with the World Bank to carry out a survey of business in our country. They want to understand better the conditions for doing business in your country. I am calling from ……………a market research company. Could I please speak to the person who normally represents the company for official purposes, that is who normally deals with banks or government agencies/institutions?
IF PERSON IS UNAVAILABLE, ARRANGE A CONVENIENT TIME AND CALL BACK. WHEN PUT THROUGH, CONTINUE.
Good morning/afternoon/evening. I am …… from ……. a market research company. We are carrying out a survey of business like yours on behalf of the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development in cooperation with the World Bank. For classification purposes, could you please answer some preliminary questions? Thank you.
Do you normally represent this company when dealing with banks or government institutions?
1) GO TO S.1a
2) ASK TO BE PUT THROUGH TO CORRECT PERSON AND REINTRODUCE
300
1
In what year did your firm begin operations in this country?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE FIRM BEGAN OPERATIONS IN 2002, 2003 OR 2004 THANK AND TERMINATE
300
1842
1871
1880
1884
1897
1901
1915
1920
1922
1923
1925
1928
1944
1946
1947
1948
1949
1951
1952
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1965
1967
1969
1970
1971
1974
1976
1979
1980
1982
1983
1984
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
What is the legal status of this company?
300
1
Single proprietorship
2
Partnership
3
Cooperative
4
Corporation, privately held
5
Corporation listed on a stock exchange
6
Other private sector
7
State/municipal/district-owned enterprise
8
Corporatised state-owned enterprise
9
Other state owned
What is the legal status of this company?
300
1
2
How would you best describe your firm’s main area of activity in terms of annual sales?
300
1
Mining
2
Construction
3
Manufacturing
4
Transport
5
Trade
6
Real estate
7
Hotels and Restaurant
8
Other services
What percentage of your firm’s annual sales come from the main area of activity you mentioned above?
300
60
100
95.817
9.336
Could you please specify your firm’s main product line or main line of service in terms of sales?
300
1010
9305
4835.67
2049.718
How many full-time employees work for this company today?
300
1
2-10
2
11-49
3
50-99
4
100-249
5
250-499
6
500-999
7
1000-9999
How many full-time employees work for this company today?
300
1
2-49
2
50-249
3
250-9999
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Private domestic individual(s)/ company(s)/organization(s)
300
100
75.143
40.667
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Private foreign individual(s)/ company(s)/organization(s)
CHECK “FOREIGN OWNERSHIP” QUOTA
INTERVIEWER: IF IN S.5 FOR PRIVATE FOREIGN IS NOT EQUAL TO 0 GO TO S.6, ELSE GO TO S.7
300
100
10.03
28.575
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Government/State
300
100
14.39
32.397
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Other
300
5
8
10
12
16
70
MULTIPLE ANSWERS ALLOWED
What is the nationality of this foreign Individual(s) company(s)/organization(s)?
36
264
1
2
8
9
13
15
17
22
23
24
28
30
40
46
99
Sysmiss
36
264
1
2
8
9
13
15
17
22
23
24
28
30
40
46
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
300
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
300
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
What is the nationality of this foreign Individual(s) company(s)/organization(s)?
Other
3
297
1
2
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently sell its products or services directly to customers outside the country?
1) If answer is Yes then GO TO S.8
2) If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO S.9
300
1
Yes
2
No
What percentage of your total sales do such exports represent?
CHECK “EXPORTER” QUOTA
94
206
1
100
23.777
22.135
READ OUT OPTIONS
Can you please tell me where the headquarters of the firm are located?
300
1
At this site
2
Elsewhere in this countrry
3
In a foreign country
How many establishments (separate operating facilities) including this one does your firm have in this country?
300
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
17
20
30
35
49
56
99
99 or more
Does your firm have holdings or operations in other countries?
299
1
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't know
Sysmiss
92
208
1
2
3
5
12
23
Sysmiss
278
22
1
2
3
4
Sysmiss
2
298
1
2
Sysmiss
300
Sysmiss
300
Sysmiss
The purpose of this survey is to better understand constraints that hinder the development of businesses like yours. This study is being conducted for 28 countries by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. The initial goal is to better understand conditions for doing business in your country and how they compare to other countries. The ultimate goal of this research is to advise governments on ways to change policies and practices that impose a burden on
private firms and to develop new projects and programs that strengthen support for enterprise growth. Your answers should reflect only your perception and experience of doing business in your country.
I would like to assure you, that the information obtained here would be treated strictly anonymously and confidentially. Neither your name nor the name of your firm will be used in any document based on this survey. Neither the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development nor the World Bank nor any Governmental organisation will be informed of any individual firm’s responses or participation in this survey.
I WOULD LIKE TO START BY ASKING SOME GENERAL QUESTIONS ABOUT YOU AND THIS
ORGANISATION.
What is your job title? Please note that even if you have more than one job title we are interested in the title/responsibilities that you regard as the most important.
INTERVIEWER: IF NOT ONE OF THE ABOVE, STOP AND ASK TO SEE THE APPROPRIATE PERSON
300
1
Chief Executive/President/Vice President
2
Owner/proprietor
3
Partner
4
Director
5
General Manager
6
Manager
7
Finance Officer
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Mining and quarrying
300
100
1.633
12.464
5
85
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Construction
300
100
7.277
25.241
5
20
60
70
95
98
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Manufacturing
300
100
26.843
42.079
5
10
20
25
30
60
70
80
90
93
95
98
99
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Transport storage and communication
300
100
8.327
26.967
3
5
10
15
30
70
75
80
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Wholesale, retail, repairs
300
100
30.787
43.856
1
2
5
7
10
20
25
30
40
60
70
80
90
95
99
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Real estate, renting and business services
300
100
10.793
30.102
1
2
5
10
30
60
70
80
90
95
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Hotels and restaurants
300
100
7.833
26.684
70
80
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Other
300
100
6.507
23.324
2
5
10
20
30
40
95
100
What percentage of your firm does the largest shareholder(s) own?
296
4
1
100
82.639
26.445
1
5
10
11
12
14
23
25
30
33
34
36
38
40
43
45
50
51
52
53
54
55
57
60
64
66
69
70
73
75
76
80
84
89
90
92
95
98
99
100
Sysmiss
How many shareholders hold this percentage share of the firm? Please give me the number
296
4
1
2
3
4
8
10
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: - MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.4a
Individual
Family
General public
Domestic company
Foreign company
Bank
Investment fund
Managers of the firm
Employees of the firm
Government or government agency
Which of the following best describes the largest shareholder(s) in your firm?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDER IS AN INDIVIDUAL OR FAMILY MEMBER (CODES 01 OR 02) ASK Q.4b ELSE GO THE INSTRUCTION BEFORE Q.5
300
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
911
292
8
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
Sysmiss
1
299
9
Sysmiss
300
Sysmiss
300
Sysmiss
Which of the following best describes the largest shareholder(s) in your firm?
Other
INTERVIEWER: IF THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDER IS AN INDIVIDUAL OR FAMILY MEMBER (CODES 01
OR 02) ASK Q.4b ELSE GO THE INSTRUCTION BEFORE Q.5
2
298
1
Sysmiss
Is the individual or family member also the manager/director of this firm?
208
92
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
Is the principal owner (or one of the principal owners) a female?
208
92
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: ASK Q.5 IF COMPANY IS PRIVATE (I.E SCREENER QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTION S.2
CODES 1-6) ELSE GO TO Q.7
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD – Q.5
Privatisation of a state-owned firm
Originally private, from time of start up (i.e., no state-owned predecessor)
Private subsidiary of a formerly state-owned firm
Joint venture with foreign partner(s)
How was your firm established?
If answer is 1 then GO TO Q.6
If answer is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 then GO TO Q.7
259
41
1
Privatisation of a state-owned firm
2
Originally private, from time of start up
3
Private subsidiary of a formerly state-owned firm
4
Joint venture with foreign partner(s)
5
Other
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: ASK Q.5 IF COMPANY IS PRIVATE (I.E SCREENER QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTION S.2 CODES 1-6) ELSE GO TO Q.7
How was your firm established?
300
Sysmiss
What year was the privatisation completed?
37
263
1991
1992
1995
1996
1997
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW ASK SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SALES OF YOUR FIRM AND ITS SUPPLIERS
What percentage of your firm’s sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Sold domestically
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
300
100
91.48
17.447
14
15
20
30
40
50
55
59
60
65
68
70
72
75
76
80
84
85
90
91
95
97
98
99
100
What percentage of your firm's sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Exported directly
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
300
100
7.45
16.566
1
2
3
5
6
10
12
15
20
25
28
30
32
35
40
41
45
50
60
70
80
85
86
100
What percentage of your firm's sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Exported indirectly through a distributor
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
300
50
1.07
5.357
5
9
10
12
20
25
30
40
50
INTERVIEWER: IF THE ENTERPRISE EXPORTS DIRECTLY ASK:
In which year did your firm first export directly?
58
242
1957
2005
1957
1958
1960
1964
1965
1970
1980
1985
1986
1989
1990
1991
1992
1994
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: IF THE ENTERPRISE EXPORTS INDIRECTLY THROUGH A DISTRIBUTOR ASK:
In which year did your firm first export indirectly?
11
289
1958
2004
1958
1960
1970
1980
1990
1992
1997
2000
2003
2004
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time your goods arrived in their point of exit (eg, port, airport) until the time they cleared customs?
On average
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q.7 THE RESPONDENT SAID ZERO DOMESTIC SALES GO TO Q15
66
234
1
14
3.182
2.517
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
14
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time your goods arrived in their point of exit (eg, port, airport) until the time they cleared customs?
The longest time over the last 12 months
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q.7 THE RESPONDENT SAID ZERO DOMESTIC SALES GO TO Q15
66
234
1
90
6.561
11.86
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
15
20
30
90
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Government or government agencies (excluding state-owned enterprises)
293
7
100
3.386
12.659
2
3
5
6
10
15
17
20
23
30
40
80
97
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
State owned or controlled enterprises
293
7
100
10.618
22.776
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
45
50
55
60
70
75
80
85
90
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Multinationals located in your country (not including your parent company, if
applicable)
293
7
100
4.553
15.126
5
10
12
15
20
22
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Your firm’s parent company or affiliated subsidiaries
293
7
100
7.102
22.18
5
10
16
20
30
40
50
60
65
70
80
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Large private domestic firms (those with approximately 250 plus workers) (not including your parent company, if applicable)
293
7
100
15.758
24.57
5
10
15
20
25
30
34
35
40
48
50
55
60
70
75
80
85
90
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Small firms and individuals
293
7
100
55.782
40.069
3
5
10
13
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
93
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Other
293
7
100
2.802
14.205
5
8
10
20
30
60
70
77
80
83
100
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: – ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.10
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
These products cannot be imported
How important is competition from imports in the market for your main product line or main line of services in the domestic market?
284
16
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
These products cannot be imported
7
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: – ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD – Q11
Our customers would continue to buy from us in the same quantities as now
Our customers would continue to buy from us, but at slightly lower quantities
Customers would continue to buy from us, but at much lower quantities
Many of our customers would buy from our competitors instead
Now I would like to ask you a hypothetical question. If you were to raise your prices of your main
product line or main line of services 10% above their current level in the domestic market (after allowing
for any inflation) which of the following would best describe the result assuming that your competitors
maintained their current prices?
293
7
1
continue to buy, same quantities
2
continue to buy, slightly lower quantities
3
continue to buy, much lower quantities
4
would buy from competitors
Sysmiss
Does your firm compete in the national market (i.e. whole country) for its main product line or service?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q12b
If answer is No then GO TO Q13a
298
2
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the national market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
Currently
If answer is 1 then GO TO 13a
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 12c
190
110
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the national market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
36 months ago
If answer is 1 then GO TO 13a
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 12c
190
110
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
Currently
158
142
1
99
26.297
35.231
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
20
22
25
30
31
40
50
60
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
36 months ago
153
147
1
99
25.059
34.847
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
15
20
22
25
29
30
40
50
60
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Does your firm compete in the local market (i.e. region, city, or neighborhood) for its main product line or service?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q13b
If answer is No then GO TO Q14
297
3
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the local market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
Currently
If answer is 1 then GO TO 14
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 13c
270
30
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the local market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
36 months ago
If answer is 1 then GO TO 14
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 13c
270
30
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
Currently
234
66
1
99
18.282
28.315
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
15
18
20
25
30
31
32
35
40
50
60
75
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
36 months ago
224
76
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
16
20
25
29
30
40
50
60
80
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Considering your main product line or main line of services in the domestic market, by what margin does your sales price exceed your operating costs (i.e., the cost material inputs plus wage costs but not overheads and depreciation)
259
41
5
50
21.139
10.21
5
6
8
10
12
13
14
15
17
18
20
23
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Purchased from domestic sources
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
282
18
100
62.046
38.842
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
33
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
85
90
92
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Imported directly
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
282
18
100
19.273
34.005
5
10
15
20
30
40
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Imported indirectly through a distributor
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
282
18
100
18.681
30.86
5
8
10
15
20
30
40
45
47
50
55
60
70
75
80
85
90
100
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time
your goods arrived in their point of entry (e.g. port, airport) until the time you could claimed them from
customs?
On average
89
211
1
30
5.742
6.097
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
14
15
20
25
30
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time
your goods arrived in their point of entry (e.g. port, airport) until the time you could claimed them from
customs?
The longest time over the last 12 months
89
211
1
75
10.596
12.26
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
12
14
15
17
18
20
25
30
40
60
75
Sysmiss
At the time you receive delivery of your most important input or supply, how many days of stock do you
typically have on hand?
236
64
1
180
27.03
29.469
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
14
15
20
24
25
30
45
50
60
63
75
80
90
100
120
150
180
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.19
My firm will continue to buy from the supplier in the same quantities as now
My firm would continue to buy from the supplier but at slightly lower quantities
My firm would continue to buy from the supplier, but at much lower quantities
My firm would buy from other suppliers instead
Now I would like to ask you another hypothetical question. If your main supplier were to raise the price
of its main product line or main line of services 10% above its current level in the domestic market (after
allowing for any inflation) which of the following would best describe your firm’s reaction assuming that
other suppliers maintained their current prices?
288
12
1
same supplier, same quantities
2
same supplier, slightly lower quantities
3
same supplier, much lower quantities
4
buy from other suppliers
Sysmiss
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Changed the identity of the main material input supplier
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Changed the identity of the main customers (>20% of sales)
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Exported to a new country
300
1
Yes
2
No
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED “YES” ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Changed the identity of the main material input supplier
77
223
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Changed the identity of the main customers (>20% of sales)
83
217
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Exported to a new country
30
270
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Family and friends
286
14
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Former employees who now work for a potential customer or supplier
283
17
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Prior employment of managers by a potential customer or supplier
274
26
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Existing customers or suppliers
286
14
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Government agencies
281
19
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Business associations/chambers of commerce
282
18
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Trade fairs and other public sources of information
286
14
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Family and friends
281
19
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Former employees who now work for a potential customer or supplier
280
20
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Prior employment of managers by a potential customer or supplier
273
27
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Existing customers or suppliers
284
16
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Government agencies
279
21
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Business associations/chambers of commerce
279
21
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Trade fairs and other public sources of information
288
12
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
297
3
100
3.973
10.415
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
40
45
50
70
100
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
294
6
60
1
2
3
4
5
10
20
30
40
60
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
294
6
360
3.378
22.997
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
12
15
20
21
30
50
60
100
360
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service
interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales
was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
105
195
1
24
4.829
4.617
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
15
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
29
271
1
24
8.31
6.725
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
42
258
1
24
6.19
7.286
1
2
3
4
6
8
12
14
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
70
230
1
20
2.657
2.982
1
2
3
4
5
10
20
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
19
281
1
5
1.789
1.316
1
2
3
5
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
23
277
1
20
2.304
3.982
1
2
3
5
20
Sysmiss
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Fixed line telephone
300
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Fax
300
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Mobile telephone
300
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Email
300
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Internet
300
1
Yes
2
No
Based on the experience of your firm over the last 36 months, how many days did you wait from the date of application to obtain each of the following?
A fixed line telephone connection
82
218
1
365
80.159
117.21
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
14
15
20
25
30
45
60
90
100
120
180
203
210
360
365
Sysmiss
Based on the experience of your firm over the last 36 months, how many days did you wait from the date of application to obtain each of the following?
An electrical connection
32
268
1
90
16.75
19.156
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
15
30
60
90
Sysmiss
What percentage of the value of products your establishment shipped over the last 12 months was lost while in transit due to breakage, spoilage or theft?
Products shipped and sold in the domestic market
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO LOSSES - WRITE 000
291
9
30
0.691
2.643
1
2
3
5
7
10
12
20
30
Sysmiss
What percentage of the value of products your establishment shipped over the last 12 months was lost while in transit due to breakage, spoilage or theft?
Products exported directly by your firm
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO LOSSES - WRITE 000
98
202
5
0.153
0.679
1
3
5
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Fair and impartial
273
27
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Honest/uncorrupted
269
31
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Quick
279
21
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Affordable
253
47
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Able to enforce its decisions
277
23
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with this statement? “I am confident that the legal system will uphold my contract and property rights in business disputes”.
281
19
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Paid before the delivery of your products or services
298
2
90
11.372
17.572
1
2
3
5
10
15
20
25
30
33
34
35
40
50
60
70
90
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Paid on delivery of your products or services
298
2
100
44.852
37.029
1
2
3
5
7
10
15
19
20
25
30
33
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
85
90
94
95
98
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Sold on credit (payment due after the time of delivery of your products or services)
298
2
100
43.775
37.991
5
6
10
15
17
20
25
30
33
34
40
50
60
67
70
75
80
85
90
92
95
98
99
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Paid before the delivery of your products or services from your supplier
293
7
100
14.031
23.42
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
85
90
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm's purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Paid on delivery of your products or services from your supplier
293
7
100
45.505
39.511
3
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm's purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Purchased on credit (payment due after the time of delivery of your products or services from your supplier)
293
7
100
40.464
39.086
5
10
15
20
30
35
40
50
60
70
75
80
85
88
90
95
97
98
100
Sysmiss
Have you had to resolve any overdue payments in the last 36 months?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.31b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.31e
300
1
Yes
2
No
How many cases of overdue payments did your firm have to resolve in the past 36 months?
211
89
1
99
27.588
31.411
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
16
20
25
30
40
41
43
50
70
80
90
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
How long did it typically take (in weeks) to resolve an overdue payment?
205
95
1
52
14.341
15.079
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
13
15
16
18
20
24
25
26
28
30
33
40
47
48
50
52
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Of these disputes over payments, how many were resolved by court action?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE – WRITE 00
214
86
65
3.65
8.722
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
15
18
20
30
40
50
65
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
How many cases in civil or commercial arbitration courts have involved your firm either as a plaintiff or defendant in the last 36 months?
Plaintiff
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO CASES - WRITE 00
291
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
12
15
20
25
30
40
50
70
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
How many cases in civil or commercial arbitration courts have involved your firm either as a plaintiff or defendant in the last 36 months?
Defendant
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO CASES - WRITE 00
294
6
40
1.738
5.751
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
15
20
25
30
32
40
Sysmiss
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)?
300
1
Yes
2
No
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)? If yes, what percent of your total annual sales do you pay?
264
36
5
0.321
0.953
0.100000001490116
0.200000002980232
0.300000011920929
0.5
1
2
3
3.5
4
5
Sysmiss
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT CAN NOT TELL YOU THE PERCENTAGE ASK FOR THE VALUE
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)? If yes, what percent of your total annual sales do you pay?
240
60
500
3.5
32.958
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
13
16
17
19
20
25
26
33
90
500
Sysmiss
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)?
300
1
Yes
2
No
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)? If yes, what percent of total annual sales are customarily paid?
207
93
5
0.0386
0.404
3
5
Sysmiss
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT CANNOT TELL YOU THE PERCENTAGE ASK FOR THE VALUE
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)? If yes, what percent of total annual sales are customarily paid?
205
95
Sysmiss
Have you had any losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson against your firm over the last 12 months?
300
1
Yes
2
No
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Have you had any losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson against your firm over the last 12 months? If yes, what were your estimated losses as a percent of your sales over the last 12 months?
296
4
70
0.951
4.86
0.100000001490116
0.200000002980232
0.300000011920929
0.5
0.699999988079071
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
9
10
15
20
30
70
Sysmiss
1) NOW I WOULD LIKE YOU TO THINK ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT POLICIES, LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING YOUR BUSINESS
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with the following statements?
Information on the laws and regulations affecting my firm is easy to obtain
298
2
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with the following statements?
Interpretations of the laws and regulations affecting my firm are consistent and predictable
295
5
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
What percent of senior management’s time over the last 12 months was spent in dealing with public officials about the application and interpretation of laws and regulations and to get or to maintain access to public services?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO TIME WAS SPENT – WRITE 00.0
281
19
80
9.635
12.7
0.100000001490116
0.5
1
2
3
3.5
5
6
7
8
10
15
18
20
25
30
35
40
48
50
70
80
Sysmiss
Over the last 12 months did your firm employ an outside consultant to deal with public officials about the application and interpretation of laws and regulations and to get or to maintain access to public services?
299
1
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often is the following statement true? “If a government agent acts against the rules I can usually go to another official or to his superior and get the correct treatment without recourse to unofficial payments/gifts.”
276
24
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
Is your firm a member of a business association or chamber of commerce?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.36b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.37
300
1
Yes
2
No
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? “Critical value to your firm” should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Lobbying government
165
135
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Resolution of disputes (with officials, workers or other firms)
165
135
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information and/or contacts on domestic product and input markets
169
131
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information and/or contacts on international product and input markets
166
134
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Accrediting standards or quality of products; reputational benefits
167
133
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information on government regulations
168
132
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
Thinking about national laws and regulations enacted over the last 12 months that had a substantial impact on your business, did your firm seek to influence the content of laws or regulations affecting it?
300
1
Yes
2
No
Thinking about local or regional laws and regulations enacted over the last 12 months that had a substantial impact on your business, did your firm seek to influence the content of laws or regulations affecting it?
300
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
300
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
300
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
300
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
300
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
300
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
300
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
300
1
Yes
2
No
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
225
75
1
50
4.338
6.365
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
15
20
24
30
50
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
201
99
1
60
3.512
6.381
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
15
30
50
60
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
133
167
1
50
2.977
5.016
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
20
50
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
96
204
1
60
5.625
10.053
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
20
24
25
30
42
50
60
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
68
232
1
99
6.015
13.98
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
12
13
15
18
20
25
30
50
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
73
227
1
50
2.973
6.164
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
12
15
50
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
32
268
1
99
8.125
23.874
1
2
3
4
5
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
221
79
1
99
9.502
20.722
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
14
16
18
24
25
32
40
48
50
60
72
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
199
101
1
72
3.447
7.318
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
14
15
24
30
32
48
72
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
131
169
1
99
4.656
10.888
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
10
12
14
16
20
24
48
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
96
204
1
96
4.021
10.437
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
24
96
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
66
234
1
80
3.955
10.256
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
15
16
24
80
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
72
228
1
30
3.153
5.651
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
24
30
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
32
268
1
24
3.438
5.616
1
2
3
4
5
6
24
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
1) WE NOW WANT TO ASK YOUR OPINION ON “UNOFFICIAL PAYMENTS” TO OFFICIALS IN THIS
COUNTRY. CAN I PLEASE REASSURE YOU THAT:
We are interested in your opinions in a personal capacity
We do not imply in any way that your company makes unofficial payments/gifts
We recognise that your company neither approves of nor condones the use of unofficial payments/gifts
The responses that you give will be aggregated and presented in purely statistical terms; any comments you give me cannot be attributed to either you or your company
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking about officials, would you say the following statements are always, usually, frequently, sometimes, seldom or never true?
“It is common for firms in my line of business to have to pay some irregular “additional payments/gifts” to get things done ” with regard to customs, taxes, licenses, regulations, services, etc.
238
62
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking about officials, would you say the following statements are always, usually, frequently, sometimes, seldom or never true?
“Firms in my line of business usually know in advance about how much this ‘additional payment/gifts’ is
214
86
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
On average, what percent of total annual sales do firm’s like yours typically pay in unofficial payments/gifts to public officials?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PAYMENTS ARE MADE – WRITE 00.0
236
64
10
0.669
1.458
0.100000001490116
0.200000002980232
0.300000011920929
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
10
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To get connected to and maintain public services (electricity and telephone)
215
85
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To obtain business licenses and permits
210
90
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To obtain government contracts
200
100
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with occupational health and safety inspections
213
87
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with fire and building inspections
204
96
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with environmental inspections
195
105
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with taxes and tax collection
211
89
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with customs/imports
196
104
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with courts
195
105
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To influence the content of new legislation rules decrees etc.
192
108
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
When firms in your industry do business with the government, what percent of the contract value would be typically paid in additional or unofficial payments/gifts to secure the contract?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PAYMENTS/GIFTS ARE PAID – WRITE 00.0
234
66
15
1.359
3.234
0.200000002980232
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
10
15
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with taxes and regulations, what percentage of total annual sales would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
288
12
18
100
87.767
21.554
18
20
25
30
40
50
60
65
70
80
85
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with labour regulations, what percentage of total workforce would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
284
16
15
100
86.514
22.294
15
18
20
30
40
50
55
60
70
72
75
80
85
90
100
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with labour regulations, what percentage of the actual wage bill would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
283
17
15
100
85.11
22.859
15
18
20
30
40
50
60
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to Parliamentarians to affect their votes
219
81
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to Government officials to affect the content of government decrees
214
86
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to local or regional government officials to affect their
votes or content of government decrees
218
82
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
1) I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FINANCING OF YOUR FIRM
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm’s working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Internal funds/Retained earnings
291
9
100
75.663
35.535
10
15
20
30
34
40
50
55
60
70
75
80
85
86
90
95
99
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
291
9
20
0.103
1.309
10
20
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
291
9
100
7.1
19.291
2
5
10
15
16
20
25
28
30
40
45
50
60
70
80
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from foreign banks
291
9
80
0.711
5.627
2
5
10
20
45
80
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
291
9
100
2.007
9.204
1
5
10
20
25
30
33
40
50
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Loans from family/friends
291
9
100
3.722
14.425
1
5
10
20
30
33
40
50
80
84
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
291
9
70
0.464
4.647
5
10
20
30
70
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from suppliers
291
9
100
5.464
18.478
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from customers
291
9
40
0.172
2.415
10
40
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Credit cards
291
9
40
0.137
2.345
40
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Leasing arrangement
291
9
100
0.993
7.387
5
10
20
30
44
50
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
The government (other than state-owned banks)
291
9
100
0.584
6.325
20
30
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other (SPECIFY SOURCES)
291
9
100
2.88
15.185
10
20
28
30
40
50
70
90
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Internal funds/Retained earnings
215
85
100
79.916
35.159
10
20
30
34
40
48
50
70
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
215
85
100
0.93
9.622
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
215
85
100
7.34
21.059
5
10
15
20
28
30
50
70
80
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from foreign banks
215
85
100
1.488
10.759
5
15
50
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
215
85
100
1.967
10.928
10
20
30
33
50
80
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Loans from family/friends
215
85
100
2.06
11.331
10
20
30
33
40
50
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
215
85
70
0.581
5.362
5
20
30
70
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from suppliers
215
85
100
1.349
9.837
10
50
60
70
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from customers
215
85
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Credit cards
215
85
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Leasing arrangement
215
85
100
1.726
10.771
2
15
20
30
40
44
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
The government (other than state-owned banks)
215
85
100
0.488
6.827
5
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other (SPECIFY SOURCES)
215
85
100
2.153
12.864
15
20
28
50
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other
2
298
6
7
6.5
0.707
6
7
Sysmiss
300
Accounting book-keeping auditing activities tax
Activities of travel agencies tour operators; tourist
Advertising
Architectural engineering related technical consultancy
Bars
Business and management consultancy activities
Casting of light metals
Construction of highways, roads, sport facilities
Construction of water projects
Development and selling of real estate
First processing of iron and steel non-ECSC ferro-alloy
Floor and wall covering
Freight transport by road
General construction buildings & civil engineering work
Hairdressing and other beauty treatment
Hotels and motels, with restaurant
Hotels and motels, without restaurant
Installation of electrical wiring and fittings
Insulation work activities
Labour recruitment and provision of personnel
Legal activities
Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
Maintenance and repair of office,
Manufacture of beer
Manufacture of bread; fresh pastry goods and cakes
Manufacture of bricks, tiles & construction products
Manufacture of builders carpentry and joinery
Manufacture of central heating radiators and boilers
Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures
Manufacture of computer & other information processing
Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting
Manufacture of footwear
Manufacture of fruit and vegetable juice
Manufacture of glues and gelatines
Manufacture of grain mill products
Manufacture of ice cream
Manufacture of knitted and crocheted pullovers
Manufacture of lighting equipment and electric lamps
Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like
Manufacture of machinery for paper and paperboard
Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel
Manufacture of other agricultural and forestry machinery
Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard
Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c.
Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c.
Manufacture of other food products n.e.c.
Manufacture of other furniture
Manufacture of other kitchen furniture
Manufacture of other outerwear
Manufacture of other plastic products
Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c.
Manufacture of plastic packing goods
Manufacture of prepared pet foods
Manufacture of railway & tramway & rolling stock
Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning & polishing
Manufacture of steel tubes
Manufacture of tobacco products
Manufacture of underwear
Manufacture of workwear
Manufacture processing other glass, technical glassware
Market research and public opinion polling
Mining and agglomeration of hard coal
Non-specialized wholesale of food, beverages & tobacco
Operation of dairies and cheese making
Other activities related to printing
Other building completion
Other building installation
Other business activities n.e.c.
Other computer related activities
Other land passenger transport
Other manufacturing n.e.c.
Other mining and quarrying n.e.c.
Other publishing
Other retail sale food beverage tobacco in special stor
Other retail sale in specialized stores
Other scheduled passenger land transport
Other service activities n.e.c.
Other supporting land transport activities
Other wholesale
Painting and glazing
Printing of newspapers
Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables n.e.c.
Processing of tea and coffee
Production and preserving of poultrymeat
Production of meat and poultrymeat products
Production of mineral waters and soft drinks
Publishing of books
Quarrying of limestone, gypsum and chalk
Radio and television activities
Real estate agencies
Recycling of metal waste and scrap
Renting of construction or demolition equipment
Renting of other land transport equipment
Repair of electrical household goods
Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery
Restaurants
Retail sale in non-special store food beverage tob
Retail sale of alcoholic and other beverages
Retail sale of automotive fuel
Retail sale of bread cakes flour sugar confectionery
Retail sale of cosmetic and toilet articles
Retail sale of electrical household appliances TV
Retail sale of hardware, paints and glass
Retail sale of meat and meat products
Retail sale of textiles
Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories
Sale of motor vehicles
Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles
Software consultancy and supply
Storage and warehousing
Taxi operation
Technical testing and analysis
Telecommunications
Treatment and coating of metals
Washing and dry-cleaning of textile and fur products
Wholesale electrical household appliances radio TV good
Wholesale of agricultural machinery accessorie
Wholesale of alcoholic and other beverages
Wholesale of china and glassware, wallpaper
Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment
Wholesale of machine-tools
Wholesale of other machinery for use in industry
Wholesale of perfume and cosmetics
Wholesale of pharmaceutical goods
Wholesale of textiles
Wholesale of wood, construction materials
Does your establishment have a checking or savings account?
A checking account
300
1
Yes
2
No
Does your establishment have a checking or savings account?
Savings account
300
1
Yes
2
No
Thinking of the most recent loan you obtained from a financial institution, did the financing require collateral?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.46b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.46d
If answer is No loan then GO TO Q.47a
134
166
1
Yes
2
No
3
No loan
Sysmiss
MULTIPLE ANSWERS ALLOWED
What kind of collateral (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, your home) was required?
121
179
1
Land
2
Buildings
3
Machinery and equipment including movables
4
Accounts receivable
5
Inventories
6
Personal assets of owner
7
Other
12
23
26
27
34
37
45
57
67
123
126
136
257
267
356
1236
Sysmiss
121
179
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sysmiss
54
246
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sysmiss
16
284
1
2
3
Sysmiss
1
299
1
Sysmiss
300
Sysmiss
What kind of collateral (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, your home) was required?
Other
33
267
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sysmiss
What was the approximate value of the collateral required as a percentage of the loan value?
115
185
100
500
194.652
90.165
100
105
115
120
130
150
165
200
250
300
500
Sysmiss
What is the loan’s annual cost (i.e., rate of interest)?
125
175
2
35
13.341
6.94
2
3
3.59999990463257
4
4.19999980926514
4.5
5
6
6.69999980926514
7
7.5
7.59999990463257
8
8.10000038146973
8.5
9
10
12
12.5
13
13.5
15
16
16.3999996185303
17
18
20
22
23
24
25
26.3999996185303
27
35
Sysmiss
What is the duration of the loan in months?
131
169
2
96
21.565
21.126
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
12
13
15
18
24
30
36
54
60
72
84
90
96
Sysmiss
Was the loan denominated in local or foreign currency?
133
167
1
Local currency
2
Foreign currency
Sysmiss
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
On what date was the loan received?
117
183
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sysmiss
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
On what date was the loan received?
122
178
1990
1999
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Sysmiss
How many days did it take to agree the loan with the bank from the date of application?
INTERVIEWER GO TO Q.48
129
171
1
360
24.07
39.908
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
14
15
20
30
45
60
90
180
360
Sysmiss
If your firm does not currently have a loan, what was the reason?
166
134
1
Did not apply for a loan
2
Application was turned down
3
Application is still pending
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - MULTIPLE ANSWERS
CARD - Q.47b
Does not need a loan
Application procedure of bank loans are too burdensome
Collateral requirements for bank loans are too strict
Interest rates are too high
It is necessary to make informal payments to get bank loans
Did not think it would be approved
If your firm did not apply for a loan, what were the main reasons?
INTERVIEWER: GO TO Q.48
153
147
1
Does not need a loan
2
Application procedures are too burdensome
3
Collateral requirements are too strict
4
Interest rates are too high
5
It is necessary to make informal payments
6
Did not think it would be approved
7
Others (Specify)
12
13
14
23
24
26
34
123
134
234
246
247
346
2346
2356
23467
Sysmiss
153
147
1
2
3
4
6
7
Sysmiss
43
257
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sysmiss
25
275
1
2
3
4
Sysmiss
4
296
2
3
Sysmiss
1
299
2
Sysmiss
CARD - Q.47b
Does not need a loan
Application procedure of bank loans are too burdensome
Collateral requirements for bank loans are too strict
Interest rates are too high
It is necessary to make informal payments to get bank loans
Did not think it would be approved
If your firm did not apply for a loan, what were the main reasons?
Other
INTERVIEWER: GO TO Q.48
4
296
1
2
3
5
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.47c
Lack of acceptable collateral
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
Inadequate credit history of the firm
Incompleteness of the loan application
If the loan application of your firm was rejected, what were the main reasons?
3
297
1
Lack of acceptable collateral
2
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
3
Inadequate credit history of the firm
4
Incompleteness of the loan application
5
Others (Specify)
Sysmiss
3
297
1
Sysmiss
300
Sysmiss
300
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.47c
Lack of acceptable collateral
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
Inadequate credit history of the firm
Incompleteness of the loan application
If the loan application of your firm was rejected, what were the main reasons?
Other
300
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
International Accounting Standards
266
34
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
US GAAP
227
73
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
National Accounting Standards
268
32
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm have its annual financial statement checked and certified by an external auditor?
293
7
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Cash
298
2
100
39.326
40.833
1
2
3
5
10
15
20
30
35
39
40
50
60
62
69
70
80
85
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Through bank (electronic transfers of cash/cheques/credit cards, etc..)
298
2
100
52.809
39.98
2
10
20
30
35
36
40
43
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
77
80
85
89
90
95
97
98
99
100
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Bills of exchange (e.g., veksels)
298
2
20
0.497
2.176
1
2
5
10
20
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Debt swaps or offsets
298
2
60
4.017
9.816
1
3
5
7
10
15
20
25
30
31
40
48
50
60
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Exchange of goods for goods
298
2
50
2.926
8.523
1
3
5
8
10
15
20
30
40
50
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Other
298
2
50
0.426
3.371
2
5
10
15
20
50
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Cash
287
13
100
27.54
39.316
1
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
67
70
80
85
90
95
99
100
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Through bank (electronic transfers of cash/cheques/credit cards, etc..)
287
13
100
64.944
40.752
1
10
20
25
30
40
45
50
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
92
95
97
99
100
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Bills of exchange (e.g., veksels)
287
13
80
0.906
6.414
10
20
30
60
80
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Debt swaps or offsets
287
13
70
2.993
9.382
3
5
10
15
18
20
30
33
50
60
70
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Exchange of goods for goods
287
13
70
3.007
9.235
5
8
10
15
20
30
40
50
70
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Other
287
13
60
0.61
4.954
5
10
20
50
60
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Utilities
294
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Taxes
295
5
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Employees
294
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Material input suppliers
293
7
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Utilities
23
277
1
10
4.435
3.145
1
2
3
5
10
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Taxes
30
270
1
20
8.333
4.929
1
2
3
5
10
12
15
18
20
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Employees
28
272
1
20
8.071
5.544
1
2
3
5
6
10
15
20
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Material input suppliers
42
258
1
30
12.143
7.941
1
2
3
5
6
10
15
20
30
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
National government
296
4
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Regional or local government
290
10
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
EU sources
290
10
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Other (SPECIFY)
171
129
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
National government
10
290
1
10
3.5
3.136
1
2
5
7
10
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Regional or local government
5
295
2
5
3.6
1.342
2
3
5
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
EU sources
1
299
5
5
5
5
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Other (SPECIFY)
1
299
5
5
5
5
Sysmiss
1) I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU QUESTIONS ABOUT THE OVERALL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN YOUR COUNTRY AND HOW IT AFFECTS YOUR FIRM
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Access to financing (e.g., collateral required or financing not available from banks)
292
8
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Cost of financing (e.g., interest rates and charges)
297
3
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Telecommunications
296
4
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Electricity
298
2
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Transportation
296
4
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Access to land
292
8
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Title or leasing of land
290
10
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Tax rates
298
2
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Tax administration
294
6
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Customs and trade regulations
284
16
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Business licensing and permits
291
9
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Labour regulations
298
2
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Skills and education of available workers
299
1
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Uncertainty about regulatory policies
299
1
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Macroeconomic instability (inflation, exchange rate)
297
3
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Functioning of the judiciary
290
10
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Corruption
278
22
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Street crime, theft and disorder
281
19
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Organised crime/mafia
265
35
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Anti-competitive practices of other competitors
291
9
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Contract violations by customers and suppliers
295
5
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Other
300
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Other
300
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUR FIRM AND ITS INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Sales
300
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Exports
100
200
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Fixed assets (e.g., land, buildings, machinery and equipment)
300
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Material inputs
300
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Sales
230
70
1
500
40.943
54.63
1
5
10
13
15
20
23
25
30
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
90
100
150
200
250
300
310
500
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Exports
58
242
3
100
30.845
27.63
3
5
6
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
70
80
100
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Fixed assets (e.g., land, buildings, machinery and equipment)
135
165
1
500
52.733
87.376
1
2
3
5
10
12
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
75
80
90
100
150
200
300
350
400
500
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Material inputs
111
189
1
500
44.153
55.918
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
90
100
150
250
500
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Merged with another firm
296
4
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Acquired another firm
296
4
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Sold one or more of your firm’s existing establishments
294
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of your firm’s total sales
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
167
133
25
61170
4569.096
8905.558
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of the replacement value of the physical production assets owned and used by your firm (land, buildings, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
152
148
1
16000
817.974
2046.025
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of the total operating costs (material inputs bought in components/services, labour costs, energy, fuel, repairs, depreciation & administration expenses etc.)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
169
131
3
52400
4019.604
7901.865
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of the material input costs and bought in components/services corresponding to your firm’s total sales
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
162
138
1
38950
2106.099
4902.859
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of your total cost of labour (permanent and part-time employees) wages, salaries, and benefits
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
162
138
5
8333
631.142
1206.162
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of your total energy and fuel costs
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
155
145
1
3000
148.065
330.6
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
New buildings, machinery and equipment
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
163
137
450
37.196
64.707
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
Research and development (including wages and salaries of R&D personnel, R&D materials, R&D related education and R&D training costs)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
147
153
417
12.748
48.473
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
Advertising and marketing (including wages and salaries for in-house advertising & marketing personnel)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
146
154
740
64.103
151.279
What percentage of your total profits in 2003 were invested in the firm in 2004?
INTERVIEWERS IF THE RESPONDENT DID NOT INVEST ANY OF THE PROFITS WRITE 000
230
70
100
54.026
39.753
1
2
3
4
5
10
15
18
20
25
30
35
37
40
45
50
57
60
70
80
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your total profits in 2003 were invested in the firm in 2004?
INTERVIEWERS IF THE RESPONDENT DID NOT INVEST ANY OF THE PROFITS WRITE 000
60
240
1
No profit in 2003
Sysmiss
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Developed successfully a major new product line/service
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Upgraded an existing product line/service
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Discontinued at least one product (not production) line/service
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Agreed to a new joint venture with foreign partner
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Obtained a new product licensing agreement
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Outsourced a major production activity/service that was previously conducted in-house
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Brought in-house of a major production activity/service that was previously outsourced
300
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Obtained a new quality accreditation (ISO 9000, 9002 or 14,000, AGCCP, etc)
300
1
Yes
2
No
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED “YES” ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Developed successfully a major new product line/service
112
188
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Upgraded an existing product line/service
194
106
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Discontinued at least one product (not production) line/service
41
259
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Agreed to a new joint venture with foreign partner
21
279
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Obtained a new product licensing agreement
26
274
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Outsourced a major production activity/service that was previously conducted in-house
23
277
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Brought in-house of a major production activity/service that was previously outsourced
29
271
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Obtained a new quality accreditation (ISO 9000, 9002 or 14,000, AGCCP, etc)
34
266
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
Has your firm acquired new production technology over the last 36 months?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.61b
If answer is No or Don't know then GO TO Q.62
299
1
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.61b
Embodied in new machinery and equipment
Hired key personnel/consultants with the technological expertise
New license or turnkey operations from international sources
New licensing or turnkey operation from domestic sources
Developed or adapted with the firm
Transferred from the parent company
Developed in cooperation with customers
Developed in cooperation with suppliers
Obtained from a business or industry association
Obtained from universities or public institutions
What was the most important way your firm acquired this new technology, choosing from the list below?
110
190
1
Embodied in new machinery and equipment
2
Hired key personnel/consultants with the technological expertise
3
New license or turnkey operations from international sources
4
New licensing or turnkey operations from domestic sources
5
Developed or adapted within the firm
6
Transferred from the parent company
7
Developed in cooperation with customers
8
Developed in cooperation with suppliers
9
Obtained from a business or industry association
10
Obtained from universities or public institutions
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
My firm is organised in much the same way as it was 36 months ago
My firm has had some reallocation of responsibility & resources between departments
My firm has had major reallocations of responsibility & resources between departments
My firm has had a completely new organisational structure
Which of the following best describes the organisation of departments (in terms of the allocation of responsibilities, budgetary resources and staff) within your firm over the last 36 months?
298
2
1
My firm is organised in much the same way as it was 36 months ago
2
My firm has had some reallocation of responsibility and resources between departments
3
My firm has had major reallocations of responsibility and resources between
4
My firm has had a completely new organisational structure
5
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to “Developing new products or services and markets”:
Pressure from domestic competitors
296
4
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Developing new products or services and markets":
Pressure from foreign competitors
291
9
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Developing new products or services and markets":
Pressure from customers
295
5
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to “Reducing the production costs of existing products or services”:
Pressure from domestic competitors
288
12
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Reducing the production costs of existing products or services":
Pressure from foreign competitors
285
15
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Reducing the production costs of existing products or services":
Pressure from customers
288
12
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
In your judgement, what is your firm’s current output in comparison with the maximum output possible
using its facilities/man power at the time? If you are using the facilities/man power to the full, answer
100%; if output was 60% of capacity, answer 60%. What was the capacity utilisation 36 months ago?
298
2
5
100
76.661
23.189
5
10
20
25
30
40
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
In your judgement, what is your firm’s current output in comparison with the maximum output possible using its facilities/man power at the time? If you are using the facilities/man power to the full, answer 100%; if output was 60% of capacity, answer 60%. What was the capacity utilisation 36 months ago?
288
12
10
100
76.528
21.424
10
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
How many hours per week does this establishment operate now and how many did it operate 36 months ago?
Now
296
4
16
168
62.169
35.032
16
24
25
35
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
52
54
55
56
58
60
62
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
72
75
76
77
78
80
84
85
88
90
91
94
96
98
100
104
105
112
120
126
130
140
160
162
168
Sysmiss
How many hours per week does this establishment operate now and how many did it operate 36 months ago?
36 months ago
291
9
16
168
61.378
35.115
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE EMPLOYEES OF YOUR FIRM
How many permanent, full-time employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number).
Now
300
2
3000
115.1
281.019
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
25
26
27
28
30
31
32
35
36
37
38
40
41
42
48
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
60
64
70
72
74
80
85
87
90
95
99
100
104
106
110
119
120
122
125
127
130
134
136
149
150
153
157
160
170
180
186
188
200
202
210
214
218
230
240
243
250
254
273
283
290
300
317
320
373
380
393
394
400
402
405
410
413
450
457
460
485
499
504
520
570
650
653
700
720
755
800
874
1289
1500
2160
3000
How many permanent, full-time employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number).
36 months ago
293
7
1
3500
126.973
329.424
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
17
18
19
20
22
24
25
27
30
32
33
35
37
39
40
42
47
48
50
52
54
55
58
60
65
70
74
75
80
87
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
151
170
180
182
184
197
200
210
220
240
280
283
314
320
350
367
380
383
400
420
437
460
470
480
500
510
520
550
600
625
660
670
700
720
750
754
1000
1050
1320
1670
2500
3500
Sysmiss
How many part-time or temporary employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number)
Now
INTERVIEWER: IF IN ANY OF THE YEARS THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PART-TIME – WRITE 00000 WHERE APPLICABLE
295
5
17000
65.98
989.909
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
14
15
16
18
20
24
25
30
37
40
42
50
100
105
140
150
200
300
400
17000
Sysmiss
How many part-time or temporary employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number)
36 months ago
INTERVIEWER: IF IN ANY OF THE YEARS THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PART-TIME – WRITE 00000 WHERE APPLICABLE
294
6
1500
12.378
92.797
1
2
3
4
5
8
10
12
15
16
20
24
25
30
38
40
50
60
80
100
300
400
1500
Sysmiss
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Managers (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)
294
6
100
12.054
18.318
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
15
17
20
21
25
27
29
30
33
34
40
50
66
67
80
95
100
Sysmiss
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Professionals (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)
294
6
100
16.224
24.614
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
19
20
21
25
30
33
35
37
40
45
50
67
70
75
80
85
90
99
100
Sysmiss
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Skilled workers
294
6
100
50.582
33.584
3
10
13
15
20
25
26
27
29
30
32
33
35
36
37
38
40
45
48
50
51
54
55
58
59
60
62
65
66
67
68
70
72
74
75
78
80
84
85
89
90
100
Sysmiss
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Unskilled workers
294
6
100
7.476
14.361
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
13
15
17
20
25
27
28
30
33
34
35
38
40
42
47
49
50
60
90
100
Sysmiss
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Non-production workers (e.g., administration, sales)
294
6
100
13.663
21.554
1
3
5
6
7
8
10
12
13
15
16
17
18
20
23
25
26
27
28
29
30
33
34
35
37
40
42
43
50
54
60
67
70
71
74
80
85
89
90
93
100
Sysmiss
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Managers (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)
274
26
100
13.131
21.004
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
13
15
17
18
20
21
25
26
30
33
34
40
50
67
100
Sysmiss
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Professionals (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)
274
26
100
15.974
25.215
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
15
16
17
20
21
25
30
33
35
37
40
50
60
66
75
80
85
90
98
100
Sysmiss
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Skilled workers
274
26
100
50.204
34.527
3
9
10
13
15
20
25
30
32
33
34
35
37
38
40
44
45
48
50
53
55
57
58
60
62
63
65
67
70
74
75
78
80
84
85
87
90
97
100
Sysmiss
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Unskilled workers
274
26
100
7.321
14.244
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
11
12
13
15
17
20
25
27
28
30
32
33
35
39
40
49
50
60
90
100
Sysmiss
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Non-production workers (e.g., administration, sales)
274
26
100
13.369
21.475
2
3
5
7
10
12
13
15
17
18
20
22
23
24
25
27
28
30
33
35
37
38
40
48
50
54
60
61
66
67
70
71
74
80
81
85
90
93
100
Sysmiss
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Up to primary school
295
5
90
6.946
14.402
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
12
13
15
16
20
25
27
30
33
34
35
38
40
46
50
60
90
Sysmiss
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Vocational qualification
295
5
100
15.797
24.82
1
2
5
7
10
13
15
20
21
22
25
30
32
33
35
36
37
38
39
40
42
43
44
45
48
50
55
58
60
65
66
67
70
75
80
81
86
94
100
Sysmiss
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Secondary school qualification
295
5
100
54.278
32.72
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
13
15
16
17
20
21
25
27
28
30
33
34
35
40
42
45
50
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
64
65
66
67
70
74
75
76
80
84
85
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Some university education or higher
295
5
100
22.98
27.156
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
19
20
24
25
26
27
28
30
32
33
34
35
36
40
41
48
50
52
58
60
67
70
79
80
90
95
100
Sysmiss
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Up to primary school
272
28
100
6.57
14.413
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
10
12
14
15
17
20
25
27
30
32
34
35
38
40
50
60
80
90
100
Sysmiss
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Vocational qualification
272
28
100
15.879
24.91
1
2
10
13
15
20
25
30
32
33
35
36
37
38
40
42
45
47
48
50
55
58
60
63
65
67
70
73
74
75
78
80
86
92
100
Sysmiss
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Secondary school qualification
272
28
100
55.548
33.619
2
4
5
7
8
10
11
12
13
15
19
20
23
24
25
28
29
30
33
40
43
45
50
53
54
55
57
60
64
65
66
67
70
75
76
80
84
85
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Some university education or higher
272
28
100
22.004
27.648
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
10
11
13
15
16
17
19
20
25
28
30
32
33
34
35
40
47
48
50
52
58
60
67
70
80
90
100
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Manager (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)?
89
211
1
50
6.169
7.112
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
12
15
24
30
50
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Professional (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)?
102
198
1
52
4.853
5.849
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
15
52
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Skilled worker?
161
139
1
24
2.758
3.166
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
15
24
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Unskilled worker?
68
232
1
10
1.529
1.652
1
2
3
4
10
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Non-production worker (e.g., administration, sales)?
78
222
1
15
2.218
2.306
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
15
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Skilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS – WRITE 000
231
69
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Unskilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
107
193
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Non-production workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
140
160
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Skilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
220
80
100
32.559
44.444
3
10
20
30
40
50
70
80
90
100
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Unskilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
102
198
100
21.324
39.155
10
15
30
40
70
100
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Non-production workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
46
254
2
100
75.043
36.333
2
5
10
20
30
40
70
85
90
100
Sysmiss
How many working days did your firm lose over the last 12 months due to:
Strikes or other labour disputes?
INTERVIEWER: IF NO DAYS LOST – WRITE 000, WHERE APPLICABLE
297
3
60
0.64
5.342
1
3
4
20
30
60
Sysmiss
How many working days did your firm lose over the last 12 months due to:
Civil unrest?
INTERVIEWER: IF NO DAYS LOST – WRITE 000, WHERE APPLICABLE
295
5
4
0.0136
0.233
4
Sysmiss
Now, I would like to ask you a hypothetical question. If you could change the number of regular full-time workers your firm currently employs without any restrictions (i.e. without seeking permission, making severance payments etc.), what would be your optimal level of employment as a percent of your existing workforce? (e.g., 90% implies you would reduce your workforce by 10%, 110% means you want to expand by 10%)
289
11
10
300
108.9
30.039
10
20
30
50
60
65
66
70
80
85
88
90
95
100
110
115
120
125
130
133
135
140
150
200
300
Sysmiss
If you can recall, did we interview you personally in the previous BEEPS survey, which we conducted in 2002?
INTERVIEWER THANK RESPONDENT:
Thank you very much for having taken the time to complete this questionnaire. The information on your perceptions is a very important input for the evaluation of conditions in the business environment and private sector relations with government, as well as for the formulation of policy advice.
288
12
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: READ TO THE RESPONDENT:
WE MAY REPEAT THIS SURVEY IN ABOUT 2-3 YEARS TIME IN ORDER TO SEE HOW THE BUSINESS ENVIRONEMENT HAS CHANGED. TO THIS END, WE WOULD LIKE TO ESTABLISH A PANEL OF COMPANIES AND WOULD ASK FOR YOUR PERMISSION TO INCLUDE YOUR COMPANY’S NAME, ADDRESS, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER IN A COFIDENTIAL DATABASE. THIS INFORMATION MAY BE USED BY OUR COMPANY OR A DIFFERENT RESEARCH AGENCY IN ORDER TO INTERVIEW YOU AGAIN IN 2-3 YEARS TIME. DO WE HAVE YOUR PERMISSION TO INCLUDE THE ABOVE-MENTIONED COMPANY DETAILS IN OUR DATABASE?
297
3
1
Permission granted
2
Permission refused
Sysmiss