DDI_AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v02_M
DataFirst
Development Data Group
2021-02-18
NADA
DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/27/21)
This version is identical to DDI_AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.
Version 01 (February 2021). The study metadata has been adopted from same study published on DataFirst website.
Afrobarometer Survey 1999-2000
Merged Round 1 Data (12 Countries)
AFR-MR1 1999-00
AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v01_M
Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA)
Michigan State University (MSU)
Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana)
NADA
The African Development Bank
Michigan State University
The National Science Foundation, US
The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD)
For general inquiries
For general inquiries
For data
Manager, DataFirst
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania).
Version 01: Edited, anonymised dataset for public distribution
Round 1 merged dataset, it comprises of survey datasets from 12 countries.
conflict, security and peace [4.1]
domestic political issues [4.2]
government, political systems and organisations [4.4]
mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6]
political ideology [4.7]
business/industrial management and organisation [2.2]
mass media [7.4]
social exclusion [12.9]
cultural activities and participation [13.2]
cultural and national identity [13.3]
religion and values [13.5]
social behaviour and attitudes [13.6]
social change [13.7]
social conditions and indicators [13.8]
The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics.
The 12 country datasetis a combined dataset for the 12 African countries surveyed during round 1 of the survey, conducted between 1999-2000 (Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Mali, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe), plus data from the old Southern African Democracy Barometer, and similar surveys done in West and East Africa.
Botswana
Ghana
Lesotho
Mali
Malawi
Namibia
Nigeria
Tanzania
Uganda
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
The Round 1 Afrobarometer surveys have national coverage for the following countries: Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Individuals
The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes.
What to do about areas experiencing political unrest? On the one hand we want to include them because they are politically important. On the other hand, we want to avoid stretching out the fieldwork over many months while we wait for the situation to settle down. It was agreed at the 2002 Cape Town Planning Workshop that it is difficult to come up with a general rule that will fit all imaginable circumstances. We will therefore make judgments on a case-by-case basis on whether or not to proceed with fieldwork or to exclude or substitute areas of conflict. National Partners are requested to consult Core Partners on any major delays, exclusions or substitutions of this sort.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Each Afrobarometer survey collects data about individual attitudes and behavior, including innovative indicators especially relevant to developing societies. This includes the following topics:
• Democracy - Popular understanding of, support for, and satisfaction with democracy, as well as any desire to return to, or experiment with, authoritarian alternatives.
• Governance - The demand for, and satisfaction with, effective, accountable and clean government; judgments of overall governance perfomance and social service delivery.
• Livelihoods - How do African families survive? What variety of formal and informal means do they use to gain access to food, shelter, water, health, employment and money?
• Macro-economics and markets - Citizen understandings of market principles and market reforms and their assessments of economic conditions and government performance at economic management.
• Social capital - Whom do people trust? To what extent do they rely on informal networks and associations? What are their evaluations of the trustworthiness of various institutions?
• Conflict and crime - How safe do people feel? What has been their experience with crime and violence?
• Participation - The extent to which ordinary people join in development efforts, comply with the laws of the land, vote in elections, contact elected representatives, and engage in protest. The quality of electoral representation.
• National identity - How do people see themselves in relation to ethnic and class identities? Does a shared sense of national identity exist?
Afrobarometer team
Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:
• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling;
• sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.
The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.
Sample size and design
Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.
The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.
Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.
Sample stages
Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:
Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country.
Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU).
Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points.
Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households.
Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.
To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.
Data weights
For some national surveys, data are weighted to correct for over or under-sampling or for household size. "Withinwt" should be turned on for all national -level descriptive statistics in countries that contain this weighting variable. It is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. For merged data sets, "Combinwt" should be turned on for cross-national comparisons of descriptive statistics. Note: this weighting variable standardizes each national sample as if it were equal in size.
Further information on sampling protocols, including full details of the methodologies used for each stage of sample selection, can be found at https://afrobarometer.org/surveys-and-methods/sampling-principles
Face-to-face [f2f]
Because Afrobarometer Round 1 emerged out of several different survey research efforts, survey instruments were not standardized across all countries, there are a number of features of the questionnaires that should be noted, as follows:
• In most cases, the data set only includes those questions/variables that were asked in nine or more countries. Complete Round 1 data sets for each individual country have already been released, and are available from ICPSR or from the Afrobarometer website at www.afrobarometer.org.
• In the seven countries that originally formed the Southern Africa Barometer (SAB) - Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe - a standardized questionnaire was used, so question wording and response categories are the generally the same for all of these countries. The questionnaires in Mali and Tanzania were also essentially identical (in the original English version). Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria each had distinct questionnaires.
• This merged dataset combines, into a single variable, responses from across these different countries where either identical or very similar questions were used, or where conceptually equivalent questions can be found in at least nine of the different countries. For each variable, the exact question text from each of the countries or groups of countries ("SAB" refers to the Southern Africa Barometer countries) is listed.
• Response options also varied on some questions, and where applicable, these differences are also noted.
Interviewers, usually holding a first degree in social science, were trained in a five-day training workshop immediately prior to fieldwork. Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns.
Interviews are conducted in the following languages:
Benin:
French, Fon, Adja, Bariba, Dendi, Yoruba, Otamari, Peulh
Botswana:
English, Setswana
Cape Verde:
Creole, Portuguese
Ghana:
English, Akan, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani
Kenya:
English, Kiswahili, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kimeru, Kisii, Luhya, Luo, Somali, Turkana
Lesotho:
English, Sesotho
Madagascar:
Malagasy Ofisialy, Malagasy Fitenim-Paritra
Malawi:
English, Chichewa, Chiyao, Chitumbuka
Mali:
Frenchm Bambara, Sonrhaï, Tamasheq, Peuhl
Mozambique:
Portuguese, Emakhuwa, Xichangana, Cisena, Cinyanja, Echuwabu, Cinyungwe
Namibia:
English, Afrikaans, Oshiwambo
Nigeria:
English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Pidgin, Tiv, Ibibio, Ijaw
Senegal:
French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer
South Africa:
Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, North Sotho, South Sotho, Setswana, Swazi, Shangaan, Zulu
Tanzania:
Kiswahili
Uganda:
English, Luganda, Lusoga, Luo, Ruyankole, Rutoro, Rukiga, Ateso, Lugbara
Zambia:
English, Chibemba, Chinyanja, Chitonga, Silozi
Zimbabwe:
English, Chishona, Sindebele
Teams of four interviewers traveled together to the field under the leadership of a field supervisor. It was the supervisor's job to ensure quality control of survey returns on a daily basis.Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns.
Note that for some surveys data is weighted to correct for either deliberate (e.g., to provide an adequate sample of specific sub-groups for analytical purposes) or inadvertent over- or under-sampling of particular sample strata. In these cases, a weighting variable is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. These weighting factors should be used when calculating all national-level statistics.
Afrobarometer data are protected by copyright. Authors of any published work based on Afrobarometer data or papers are required to acknowledge the source, including, where applicable, citations to data sets posted on this website. Please acknowledge the copyright holders in all publications resulting from its use by means of bibliographic citation in this form:
Afrobarometer Data, [Country(ies)], [Round(s)], [Year(s)], available at http://www.afrobarometer.org.
Public use files, available to all
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
merged_r1_data.sav
Afrobarometer round 1 survey merged data. The data covered 12 African countries.
21531
144
Reference number
Reference number
Reference number
Reference number
Reference number
21531
1
21531
Respondent number
Respondent number
Respondent number
Respondent number
Respondent number
21531
Country
Country
Country
Country
Country
21531
1
12
1
Botswana
2
Ghana
3
Lesotho
4
Malawi
5
Mali
6
Namibia
7
Nigeria
8
South Africa
9
Tanzania
10
Uganda
11
Zambia
12
Zimbabwe
Identity
Identity
Identity
Identity
Identity
21531
99
Don't know/can't explain
1
Language/Tribe/Ethnic
2
Race
3
Region
4
Religion
5
Occupation
6
Class
7
Gender
8
Individual/personal
9
Other
10
Won't differentiate
11
Pro-Movement
12
Traditional Leader
13
Party Affiliation
14
Age-related response
15
Continental
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing
suppdemo/Support for democracy
suppdemo/Support for democracy
suppdemo/Support for democracy
suppdemo/Support for democracy
suppdemo/Support for democracy
21531
1
99
1
Democracy is preferable to any other form of government
2
To people like me, it doesn't matter what form of government
3
In certain situations, a non-democratic government can be pr
4
Don't know
97
Not applicable
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing
prevsyst/Previous System
prevsyst/Previous System
prevsyst/Previous System
prevsyst/Previous System
prevsyst/Previous System
21531
99
0.5
1
1
2
2
3
3
3.5
4
4
4.5
5
5
6
6
6.5
7
7
7.5
8
8
9
9
9.5
10
10
96
Don't Know
98
Refused to Answer
99
Missing Data
elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government
elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government
elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government
elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government
elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government
21531
99
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
4.5
5
5
6
6
7
7
7.5
8
8
9
9
9.5
10
10
96
Don't know
98
Refused to Answer
99
Missing Data
futsyst/Future system
futsyst/Future system
futsyst/Future system
futsyst/Future system
futsyst/Future system
21531
99
0.5
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
4.5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
96
Don't know
98
Refused to Answer
99
Missing Data
oneprule/One political party
oneprule/One political party
oneprule/One political party
oneprule/One political party
oneprule/One political party
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
2
Disapprove/Disagree
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
4
Approve/Agree
5
Strongly approve/Agree
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs
tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs
tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs
tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs
tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
2
Disapprove/Disagree
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
4
Approve/Agree
5
Strongly approve/Agree
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
milirule/Army come in
milirule/Army come in
milirule/Army come in
milirule/Army come in
milirule/Army come in
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
2
Disapprove/Disagree
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
4
Approve/Agree
5
Strongly approve/Agree
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
presdeci/President could decide everything?
presdeci/President could decide everything?
presdeci/President could decide everything?
presdeci/President could decide everything?
presdeci/President could decide everything?
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
2
Disapprove/Disagree
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
4
Approve/Agree
5
Strongly approve/agree
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
exptrule/Government by experts
exptrule/Government by experts
exptrule/Government by experts
exptrule/Government by experts
exptrule/Government by experts
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disapprove/disagree
2
Disapprove/Disagree
3
Neither approve nor disapprove
4
Approve/Agree
5
Strongly approve/Agree
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
extndemo/Is this country a democracy?
extndemo/Is this country a democracy?
extndemo/Is this country a democracy?
extndemo/Is this country a democracy?
extndemo/Is this country a democracy?
21531
99
Not a democracy
1
Major problems, but still a democracy
2
Minor problems, but still a democracy
3
Full democracy/completely democratic
4
yes, this country is a democracy
9
Don't know/Don't understand question
97
Not applicable
98
refused to answer
99
Missing data
satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy
satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy
satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy
satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy
satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy
21531
99
This country is not a democracy
1
Very dissatisfied
2
Somewhat dissatisfied
3
Neutral
4
Somewhat satisfied
5
Very satisfied
9
Don't know
97
Not applicable
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
votematt/Not get any better if vote?
votematt/Not get any better if vote?
votematt/Not get any better if vote?
votematt/Not get any better if vote?
votematt/Not get any better if vote?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit
caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit
caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit
caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit
caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit
21531
1
99
1
Strongly agree
2
Agree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Disagree
5
Strongly disagree
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
donews/Shut newspapers
donews/Shut newspapers
donews/Shut newspapers
donews/Shut newspapers
donews/Shut newspapers
21531
99
Do nothing
1
Do something
6
This is not possible in this country
8
Support the government
9
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
dojudges/Dismiss judges
dojudges/Dismiss judges
dojudges/Dismiss judges
dojudges/Dismiss judges
dojudges/Dismiss judges
21531
99
Do nothing
1
Do something
6
This is not possible in this country
8
Support the government
9
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament
doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament
doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament
doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament
doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament
21531
99
Do nothing
1
Do something
6
This is not possible in this country
8
Support the government
9
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
markpric/Market pricing?
markpric/Market pricing?
markpric/Market pricing?
markpric/Market pricing?
markpric/Market pricing?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
schlfees/School fees?/Health fees?
schlfees/School fees?/Health fees?
schlfees/School fees?/Health fees?
schlfees/School fees?/Health fees?
schlfees/School fees?/Health fees?
21531
1
99
1
Free : Agree strongly
2
Free medicine better : Agree somewhat
3
Improved: Agree somewhat
4
Improved health better: Agree strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
csjobs/Civil servants jobs?
csjobs/Civil servants jobs?
csjobs/Civil servants jobs?
csjobs/Civil servants jobs?
csjobs/Civil servants jobs?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
privatiz/Privatize government enterprises?
privatiz/Privatize government enterprises?
privatiz/Privatize government enterprises?
privatiz/Privatize government enterprises?
privatiz/Privatize government enterprises?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
knowsap/Heard about SAP?
knowsap/Heard about SAP?
knowsap/Heard about SAP?
knowsap/Heard about SAP?
knowsap/Heard about SAP?
21531
99
No
1
Yes
3
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
helphurt/Minority have suffered?
helphurt/Minority have suffered?
helphurt/Minority have suffered?
helphurt/Minority have suffered?
helphurt/Minority have suffered?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do Not Agree with Either
9
Don't know
97
Not Applicable
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life
satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life
satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life
satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life
satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life
21531
1
99
1
Very unsatisfied/ A lot worse
2
Unsatisfied/Worse
3
Neutral/No effect
4
Satisfied/Better
5
Very satisfied/ A lot better
9
Don't know
97
Not Applicable
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
Occupation
Occupation
Occupation
Occupation
Occupation
21531
99
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
41
34
42
35
44
36
45
37
46
38
47
39
48
40
49
41
50
42
51
43
52
44
53
45
54
46
55
47
56
48
59
49
60
50
61
51
95
52
98
53
99
54
Gender
Gender
Gender
Gender
Gender
21531
1
99
1
Male
2
Female
99
Age
Age
Age
Age
Age
21531
999
Don't know
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
97
98
99
100
101
Refused to answer
999
Missing Data
Education
Education
Education
Education
Education
21531
99
No formal schooling
1
Primary only
2
Secondary
3
Post-secondary
10
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
21531
99
No
1
Yes
2
Don't know/Don't Remember
98
Refused to Answer
99
Missing data
Urban or Rural
Urban or Rural
Urban or Rural
Urban or Rural
Urban or Rural
21531
1
99
1
Urban
2
Rural
9
Can't Determine
99
Missing data
radnews/Radio news
radnews/Radio news
radnews/Radio news
radnews/Radio news
radnews/Radio news
21531
99
Never
1
Less than once a month
2
About once a month
3
About once a week/few times a month
4
Several times a week/a few times a week
5
Every day
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
tvnews/TV news
tvnews/TV news
tvnews/TV news
tvnews/TV news
tvnews/TV news
21531
99
Never
1
Less than once a month
2
About once a month
3
About once a week/few times a month
4
Several times a week/a few times a week
5
Every day
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
newspap/Newspapers
newspap/Newspapers
newspap/Newspapers
newspap/Newspapers
newspap/Newspapers
21531
99
Never
1
Less than once a month
2
About once a month
3
About once a week/few times a month
4
Several times a week/a few times a week
5
Every day
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
wofood/Without food
wofood/Without food
wofood/Without food
wofood/Without food
wofood/Without food
21531
99
never
1
occasionally//sometimes/rarely
2
frequently/often
3
always
5
Don't know
99
missing data
wowater/Without Water
wowater/Without Water
wowater/Without Water
wowater/Without Water
wowater/Without Water
21531
99
never
1
occasionally//sometimes/rarely
2
frequently/often
3
always
5
Don't know
99
missing data
wohealth/Without healthcare
wohealth/Without healthcare
wohealth/Without healthcare
wohealth/Without healthcare
wohealth/Without healthcare
21531
99
never
1
occasionally//sometimes/rarely
2
frequently/often
3
always
5
Don't know
99
missing data
woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home?
woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home?
woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home?
woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home?
woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home?
21531
99
Never
1
Occasionally/Sometimes/Rarely
2
Frequently/Often
3
Always/Not Applicable (No Electricity)
5
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing Data
wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income?
wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income?
wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income?
wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income?
wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income?
21531
99
Never
1
Occasionally/Sometimes/Rarely
2
Frequently/Often
3
Always
5
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing
tired/Routine affected by tired
tired/Routine affected by tired
tired/Routine affected by tired
tired/Routine affected by tired
tired/Routine affected by tired
21531
99
Not at all/Never
1
A little/Sometimes
2
A lot/Often
3
Rarely
5
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS?
knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS?
knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS?
knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS?
knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS?
21531
1
99
1
Yes
2
No
3
Will not say
4
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing
meandemo/Meaning of democracy
meandemo/Meaning of democracy
meandemo/Meaning of democracy
meandemo/Meaning of democracy
meandemo/Meaning of democracy
21531
101
Don't know,etc. (incl. missing, no further answer)
1
Civil liberties/personal freedoms
2
Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition
3
Social/economic development
4
Govt by the people/of the people/for the people
5
Peace/unity
6
Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency
7
Equality/justice
8
Rule of law
9
Personal security
10
National independence
11
Majority rule
12
Group rights/freedoms
13
Power-sharing/unity of govt
14
Govt. to provide civic education
15
Movement/Musevini
19
Other positive meanings
20
Conflict/confusion
21
Corruption/abuse of power
22
Social/economic hardship
23
govt of the rich
24
Bad/poor govt/weak implementation
25
colonialism,foreign concept/domination
29
Other negative meanings
30
Mutual Respect
31
People Self-determination
32
Work Together
33
Mutual Understanding
80
Nothing/democracy is meaningless
91
Civilian politics/govt
92
Change of govt/leadership/laws
95
Other null/neutral meanings
98
Refused/won't explain
101
Other
meandem2/Meaning of democracy
meandem2/Meaning of democracy
meandem2/Meaning of democracy
meandem2/Meaning of democracy
meandem2/Meaning of democracy
21531
101
Don't know, etc. (incl. missing, no further answer)
1
Civil liberties/personal freedoms
2
Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition
3
Social/economic development
4
Govt by the people/of the people/for the people
5
Peace/unity
6
Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency
7
Equality/justice
8
Rule of law
9
Personal security
10
National independence
11
Majority rule
12
Group rights/freedoms
13
Power-sharing/unity of govt
14
Govt. to provide civic education
15
Movement/Musevini
19
Other positive meanings
20
Conflict/confusion
21
Corruption/abuse of power
22
Social/economic hardship
23
govt of the rich
24
Bad/poor govt/weak implementation
25
colonialism,foreign concept/domination
29
Other negative meanings
30
Mutual Respect
31
People Self-determination
32
Work Together
33
Mutual Understanding
80
Nothing/Democracy is meaningless
91
Civilian politics/govt
92
Change of govt/leadership/laws
95
Other null/neutral meanings
98
Refused/won't explain
101
Other
meandem3/Meaning of democracy
meandem3/Meaning of democracy
meandem3/Meaning of democracy
meandem3/Meaning of democracy
meandem3/Meaning of democracy
21531
101
Don't know, etc. (incl. missing, no further answer)
1
Civil liberties/personal freedoms
2
Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition
3
Social/economic development
4
Govt by the people/of the people/for the people
5
Peace/unity
6
Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency
7
Equality/justice
8
Rule of law
9
Personal security
10
National independence
11
Majority rule
12
Group rights/freedoms
13
Power-sharing/unity of govt
14
Govt. to provide civic education
15
Movement/Musevini
19
Other positive meanings
20
Conflict/confusion
21
Corruption/abuse of power
22
Social/economic hardship
23
govt of the rich
24
Bad/poor govt/weak implementation
25
colonialism,foreign concept/domination
29
Other negative meanings
30
Mutual Respect
31
People Self-determination
32
Work Together
33
Mutual Understanding
80
Nothing/democracy is meaningless
91
Civilian politics/govt
92
Change of govt/leadership/laws
95
Other null/neutral meanings
98
Refused/won't explain
101
Other
meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule?
meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule?
meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule?
meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule?
meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
2
Important
3
Not very important
4
Not important at all
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt?
meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt?
meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt?
meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt?
meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
2
Important
3
Not very important
4
Not important at all
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
meanelec/democratic society and regular elections?
meanelec/democratic society and regular elections?
meanelec/democratic society and regular elections?
meanelec/democratic society and regular elections?
meanelec/democratic society and regular elections?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
2
Important
3
Not very important
4
Not important at all
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing?
meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing?
meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing?
meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing?
meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
2
Important
3
Not very important
4
Not important at all
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities?
meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities?
meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities?
meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities?
meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
2
Important
3
Not very important
4
Not important at all
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone?
meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone?
meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone?
meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone?
meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
2
Important
3
Not very important
4
Not important at all
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
meaneduc/democratic society and equal education?
meaneduc/democratic society and equal education?
meaneduc/democratic society and equal education?
meaneduc/democratic society and equal education?
meaneduc/democratic society and equal education?
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
2
Important
3
Not very important
4
Not important at all
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo
meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo
meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo
meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo
meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo
21531
1
99
1
Very important/Absolutely essential
2
Important
3
Not very important
4
Not important at all
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
respwell/Responsible for well being?
respwell/Responsible for well being?
respwell/Responsible for well being?
respwell/Responsible for well being?
respwell/Responsible for well being?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
respjob/Responsible providing employment?
respjob/Responsible providing employment?
respjob/Responsible providing employment?
respjob/Responsible providing employment?
respjob/Responsible providing employment?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
freeearn/Free to earn?
freeearn/Free to earn?
freeearn/Free to earn?
freeearn/Free to earn?
freeearn/Free to earn?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
startbus/Start new business?
startbus/Start new business?
startbus/Start new business?
startbus/Start new business?
startbus/Start new business?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly
2
A, Somewhat
3
B, Somewhat
4
B, Strongly
5
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
99
resphous/Building house
resphous/Building house
resphous/Building house
resphous/Building house
resphous/Building house
21531
1
99
1
Government
2
Private Companies
3
Individuals
4
Combination
8
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
respcrdt/Agricultural credit
respcrdt/Agricultural credit
respcrdt/Agricultural credit
respcrdt/Agricultural credit
respcrdt/Agricultural credit
21531
1
99
1
Government
2
Private Companies
3
Individuals
4
Combination
8
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity
respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity
respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity
respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity
respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity
21531
1
99
1
Government
2
Private Companies
3
Individuals
4
Combination
8
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
respscho/Providing school/clinics
respscho/Providing school/clinics
respscho/Providing school/clinics
respscho/Providing school/clinics
respscho/Providing school/clinics
21531
1
99
1
Government
2
Private Companies
3
Individuals
4
Combination
8
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
respjobs/Creating jobs
respjobs/Creating jobs
respjobs/Creating jobs
respjobs/Creating jobs
respjobs/Creating jobs
21531
1
99
1
Government
2
Private Companies
3
Individuals
4
Combination
8
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
respcrim/Reducing crime
respcrim/Reducing crime
respcrim/Reducing crime
respcrim/Reducing crime
respcrim/Reducing crime
21531
1
99
1
Government
2
Private Companies
3
Individuals
4
Combination
8
Don't Know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
trustgen/Trust generally
trustgen/Trust generally
trustgen/Trust generally
trustgen/Trust generally
trustgen/Trust generally
21531
1
99
1
Most people can be trusted
2
You must be very careful
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs
intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs
intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs
intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs
intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs
21531
1
99
1
Very interested/Always/most of the time
2
Somewhat interested/Some of the time
3
Now and then
4
Not interested/Hardly
5
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
dscspols/Discuss politics
dscspols/Discuss politics
dscspols/Discuss politics
dscspols/Discuss politics
dscspols/Discuss politics
21531
99
never
1
sometimes
2
Often
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
undergov/Understand government?
undergov/Understand government?
undergov/Understand government?
undergov/Understand government?
undergov/Understand government?
21531
1
99
1
A, Strongly/Strongly agree
2
A, Somewhat/Agree
3
B, Somewhat/Disagree
4
B, Strongly/Strongly Disagree
5
Do not agree with either/Neither agree nor disagree
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
nmcllr/Name local government representative
nmcllr/Name local government representative
nmcllr/Name local government representative
nmcllr/Name local government representative
nmcllr/Name local government representative
21531
99
Incorrect
1
Correct
5
Could not determine
9
Don't know
97
Not Applicable
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
nmmp/Name Legislative representative
nmmp/Name Legislative representative
nmmp/Name Legislative representative
nmmp/Name Legislative representative
nmmp/Name Legislative representative
21531
99
Incorrect
1
Correct
5
Could not determine
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
nmminfin/Name Finance Minister
nmminfin/Name Finance Minister
nmminfin/Name Finance Minister
nmminfin/Name Finance Minister
nmminfin/Name Finance Minister
21531
99
Incorrect
1
Correct
5
Could not determine
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
nmvpres/Name Vice-President
nmvpres/Name Vice-President
nmvpres/Name Vice-President
nmvpres/Name Vice-President
nmvpres/Name Vice-President
21531
99
Incorrect
1
Correct
5
Could not determine
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
citproud/Proud of country citizenship
citproud/Proud of country citizenship
citproud/Proud of country citizenship
citproud/Proud of country citizenship
citproud/Proud of country citizenship
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens
citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens
citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens
citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens
citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group
ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group
ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group
ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group
ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group
idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group
idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group
idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group
idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best
idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best
idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best
idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best
idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens
ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens
ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens
ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens
ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
adeqliv/Adequate living standard
adeqliv/Adequate living standard
adeqliv/Adequate living standard
adeqliv/Adequate living standard
adeqliv/Adequate living standard
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2
Worse/somewhat worse
3
About the same/no change
4
Better/somewhat better
5
Much better
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
handjobs/Handling jobs
handjobs/Handling jobs
handjobs/Handling jobs
handjobs/Handling jobs
handjobs/Handling jobs
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
2
Quite badly/Not very well
3
Fairly well
4
Very well
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
handpric/Handling prices
handpric/Handling prices
handpric/Handling prices
handpric/Handling prices
handpric/Handling prices
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
2
Quite badly/Not very well
3
Fairly well
4
Very well
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
handgap/Handling gaps
handgap/Handling gaps
handgap/Handling gaps
handgap/Handling gaps
handgap/Handling gaps
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
2
Quite badly/Not very well
3
Fairly well
4
Very well
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
econcond/Satisfied national economy
econcond/Satisfied national economy
econcond/Satisfied national economy
econcond/Satisfied national economy
econcond/Satisfied national economy
21531
1
99
1
Not at all satisfied/Very dissatisfied
2
Not very satisfied/Dissatisfied
3
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
4
Fairly satisfied/Satisfied
5
Very satisfied
6
Don't know
99
Missing data
satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic)
satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic)
satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic)
satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic)
satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic)
21531
1
99
1
much less satisfied
2
slightly less satisfied
3
about the same
4
slightly more satisfied
5
much more satisfied
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing Data
satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year
satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year
satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year
satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year
satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year
21531
1
99
1
much less satisfied/much worse
2
slightly less satisfied/Worse
3
about the same
4
slightly more satisfied/Better
5
Much more satified/Much better
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
livecond/Conditions better/worse
livecond/Conditions better/worse
livecond/Conditions better/worse
livecond/Conditions better/worse
livecond/Conditions better/worse
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2
Worse
3
About the same
4
Better
5
Much better
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others
ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others
ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others
ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others
ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2
Worse
3
About the same
4
Better
5
Much better
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
freesay/Free to say
freesay/Free to say
freesay/Free to say
freesay/Free to say
freesay/Free to say
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2
Worse/somewhat worse
3
About the same/no change
4
Better/somewhat better
5
Much better
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
freejoin/Join any organization
freejoin/Join any organization
freejoin/Join any organization
freejoin/Join any organization
freejoin/Join any organization
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2
Worse/somewhat worse
3
About the same/no change
4
Better/somewhat better
5
Much better
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
freechse/Free to choose
freechse/Free to choose
freechse/Free to choose
freechse/Free to choose
freechse/Free to choose
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2
Worse/somewhat worse
3
About the same/no change
4
Better/somewhat better
5
Much better
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
equaltrt/Treated equally
equaltrt/Treated equally
equaltrt/Treated equally
equaltrt/Treated equally
equaltrt/Treated equally
21531
1
99
1
Much worse
2
Worse/somewhat worse
3
About the same/no change
4
Better/somewhat better
5
Much better
6
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
elhonest/Elections honest
elhonest/Elections honest
elhonest/Elections honest
elhonest/Elections honest
elhonest/Elections honest
21531
1
99
1
Very dishonestly/Not free & fair
2
Somewhat dishonestly/Free & fair with major problems
3
Quite honestly/Free & fair with minor problems
4
Very honestly/Completely free & fair
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
citequal/All treated as equal citizens
citequal/All treated as equal citizens
citequal/All treated as equal citizens
citequal/All treated as equal citizens
citequal/All treated as equal citizens
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
idenfair/Identity treated fairly
idenfair/Identity treated fairly
idenfair/Identity treated fairly
idenfair/Identity treated fairly
idenfair/Identity treated fairly
21531
1
99
1
Always
2
To a large extent
3
To some extent
4
Hardly at all
5
Never
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group?
allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group?
allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group?
allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group?
allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group?
21531
1
99
1
One group only
2
Just a few groups
3
All citizens
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.?
whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.?
whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.?
whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.?
whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.?
21531
1
999
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
58
59
59
60
60
61
61
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
67
69
68
70
69
71
70
72
71
73
72
74
73
75
74
76
75
77
76
78
77
79
78
80
79
81
80
82
81
83
82
84
83
85
84
86
85
87
86
88
87
89
88
90
89
91
90
92
91
93
92
94
93
95
94
96
95
100
96
101
97
102
98
103
99
104
100
105
101
106
102
107
103
108
104
109
105
110
106
111
107
112
108
113
109
114
110
115
111
116
112
117
113
118
114
119
115
120
116
121
117
122
118
123
119
124
120
125
121
126
122
127
123
151
124
152
125
153
126
154
127
155
128
156
129
157
130
158
131
159
132
160
133
161
134
162
135
163
136
164
137
165
138
166
139
167
140
168
141
169
142
170
143
171
144
172
145
173
146
174
147
175
148
176
149
177
150
178
151
179
152
180
153
181
154
182
155
183
156
184
157
185
158
186
159
187
160
188
161
189
162
190
163
191
164
192
165
193
166
194
167
195
168
196
169
197
170
997
171
998
172
999
173
handcrim/Handling crime
handcrim/Handling crime
handcrim/Handling crime
handcrim/Handling crime
handcrim/Handling crime
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
2
Quite badly/Not very well
3
Fairly well
4
Very well
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
safepast/Safety five years ago
safepast/Safety five years ago
safepast/Safety five years ago
safepast/Safety five years ago
safepast/Safety five years ago
21531
1
99
1
Much less safe/Much worse
2
Somewhat less safe/Worse
3
About the same
4
Somewhat more safe/Better
5
Much more safe/Much better
6
Don't know
98
Refused to anser
99
Missing data
handcorr/Handling corruption
handcorr/Handling corruption
handcorr/Handling corruption
handcorr/Handling corruption
handcorr/Handling corruption
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
2
Quite badly/Not very well
3
Fairly well
4
Very well
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption?
corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption?
corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption?
corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption?
corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption?
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree/Almost all
2
Disagree/most/a lot
3
Agree/a few/some
4
Strongly agree/Almost none
5
Haven't heard enough
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
correlec/corruption among elected leaders
correlec/corruption among elected leaders
correlec/corruption among elected leaders
correlec/corruption among elected leaders
correlec/corruption among elected leaders
21531
1
99
1
Very common/Almost all
2
Fairly common/Most/ a lot
3
Fairly rare/A few/some
4
Very rare/Almost none
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
corrserv/corruption among civil servants
corrserv/corruption among civil servants
corrserv/corruption among civil servants
corrserv/corruption among civil servants
corrserv/corruption among civil servants
21531
1
99
1
Very common/Almost all
2
Fairly common/Most/ a lot
3
Fairly rare/A few/some
4
Very rare/Almost none
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov.
corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov.
corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov.
corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov.
corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov.
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree/Much more
2
Disagree/More
3
Agree/Less
4
Strongly agree/Much less
5
About the same
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
trpres/Trust the president to do what is right?
trpres/Trust the president to do what is right?
trpres/Trust the president to do what is right?
trpres/Trust the president to do what is right?
trpres/Trust the president to do what is right?
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
4
I trust them a lot/Always
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
trpolice/Trust police
trpolice/Trust police
trpolice/Trust police
trpolice/Trust police
trpolice/Trust police
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
4
I trust them a lot/Always
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
trcourts/Trust courts of law
trcourts/Trust courts of law
trcourts/Trust courts of law
trcourts/Trust courts of law
trcourts/Trust courts of law
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
4
I trust them a lot/Always
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
trarmy/Trust army
trarmy/Trust army
trarmy/Trust army
trarmy/Trust army
trarmy/Trust army
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
4
I trust them a lot/Always
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
trelcco/Trust electoral commission
trelcco/Trust electoral commission
trelcco/Trust electoral commission
trelcco/Trust electoral commission
trelcco/Trust electoral commission
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
4
I trust them a lot/Always
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
trbroad/Trust national broadcasting
trbroad/Trust national broadcasting
trbroad/Trust national broadcasting
trbroad/Trust national broadcasting
trbroad/Trust national broadcasting
21531
1
99
1
I do not trust them at all/Never
2
I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes
3
I trust them somewhat/Most times
4
I trust them a lot/Always
9
don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
presperf/Performance of President
presperf/Performance of President
presperf/Performance of President
presperf/Performance of President
presperf/Performance of President
21531
1
99
1
Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove
2
Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove
3
Somewhat satisfied/Approve
4
Very satisfied/Strongly approve
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
mpperf/Legislative representative performance
mpperf/Legislative representative performance
mpperf/Legislative representative performance
mpperf/Legislative representative performance
mpperf/Legislative representative performance
21531
1
99
1
Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove
2
Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove
3
Somewhat satisfied/Approve
4
Very satisfied/Strongly approve
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
cllrperf/Local government representative performance
cllrperf/Local government representative performance
cllrperf/Local government representative performance
cllrperf/Local government representative performance
cllrperf/Local government representative performance
21531
1
99
1
Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove
2
Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove
3
Somewhat satisfied/Approve
4
Very satisfied/Strongly approve
6
Not Applicable for my area
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
handeduc/Handling education
handeduc/Handling education
handeduc/Handling education
handeduc/Handling education
handeduc/Handling education
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
2
Quite badly/Not very well
3
Fairly well
4
Very well
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
handheal/Handling basic health
handheal/Handling basic health
handheal/Handling basic health
handheal/Handling basic health
handheal/Handling basic health
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
2
Quite badly/Not very well
3
Fairly well
4
Very well
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing Data
handaids/Handling AIDS
handaids/Handling AIDS
handaids/Handling AIDS
handaids/Handling AIDS
handaids/Handling AIDS
21531
1
99
1
Very badly/Not at all well
2
Fairly badly/Not very well
3
Fairly well
4
Very well
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed)
probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed)
probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed)
probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed)
probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed)
21531
99
nothing/no problems
1
AIDS
2
agriculture/farming/livestock
3
communications
4
corruption
5
crime and security
6
democracy/political rights
7
development
8
discrimination/inequality
9
economy (national)
10
education
11
electricity
12
environment/drought
13
food/famine
14
gender/women's rights
15
governance
16
health
17
housing
18
infrastructure/roads
19
job creation/unemployment
20
labour
21
land
22
loans/credit
23
marketing
24
political violence/civil war (internal)
25
political violence/war (international)
26
political tension/instability/national unity/tribalism
27
poverty/destitution
28
rates and taxes
29
services (general)
30
sanitation/sewerage
31
traditional/moral values
32
transportation
33
violence
34
wages
35
water
36
social welfare
40
other economic problems
41
other social problems
42
other political problems
43
other
96
don't know
98
refused
99
missing/no further answer
probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed)
probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed)
probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed)
probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed)
probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed)
21531
99
nothing/no problems
1
AIDS
2
agriculture/farming/livestock
3
communications
4
corruption
5
crime and security
6
democracy/political rights
7
development
8
discrimination/inequality
9
economy (national)
10
education
11
electricity
12
environment/drought
13
food/famine
14
gender/women's rights
15
governance
16
health
17
housing
18
infrastructure/roads
19
job creation/unemployment
20
labour
21
land
22
loans/credit
23
marketing
24
political violence/civil war (internal)
25
political violence/war (international)
26
political tension/instability/national unity/tribalism
27
poverty/destitution
28
rates and taxes
29
services (general)
30
sanitation/sewerage
31
traditional/moral values
32
transportation
33
violence
34
wages
35
water
36
social welfare
40
other economic problems
41
other social problems
42
other political problems
43
other
96
don't know
98
refused
99
missing/no further answer
convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens
convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens
convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens
convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens
convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision
abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision
abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision
abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision
abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision
21531
1
99
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree
3
Neither agree nor disagree
4
Agree
5
Strongly agree
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association?
memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association?
memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association?
memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association?
memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association?
21531
99
No, not a member/Never attend
1
Yes, a member/ever attend
9
Don't know
99
Missing data
memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association
memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association
memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association
memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association
memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association
21531
99
No, not a member/Never attend
1
Yes, a member/ever attend
9
Don't know
99
Missing data
membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation
membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation
membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation
membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation
membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation
21531
99
No, not a member/Never attend
1
Yes, a member/ever attend
9
Don't know
99
Missing data
memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union
memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union
memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union
memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union
memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union
21531
99
No, not a member/Never attend
1
Yes, a member/ever attend
9
Don't know
99
Missing data
clseprty/Close to party
clseprty/Close to party
clseprty/Close to party
clseprty/Close to party
clseprty/Close to party
21531
1
99
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition?
winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition?
winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition?
winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition?
winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition?
21531
99
Loser
1
Neutral/no party
2
Winner
8
Refused
9
Don't know
99
Missing data
votelast/Voted last elections
votelast/Voted last elections
votelast/Voted last elections
votelast/Voted last elections
votelast/Voted last elections
21531
99
I did not vote
1
I decided not to vote
2
Unable to vote
3
I voted
4
No election in my area
5
Can't remember
98
Refused
99
Missing data
parcomm/Attend community meeting
parcomm/Attend community meeting
parcomm/Attend community meeting
parcomm/Attend community meeting
parcomm/Attend community meeting
21531
99
Never
1
Only once
2
Sometimes
3
Often
9
Don't know
98
Refused to Answer
99
Missing data
parissue/Raise an issue
parissue/Raise an issue
parissue/Raise an issue
parissue/Raise an issue
parissue/Raise an issue
21531
99
Never
1
Only once/Once or twice
2
Sometimes/A few times
3
Often
4
Would do if I had the chance
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
parrally/Attend election rally
parrally/Attend election rally
parrally/Attend election rally
parrally/Attend election rally
parrally/Attend election rally
21531
99
Never
1
Only once/Once or twice
2
Sometimes/A few times
3
Often
4
Would do if I had the chance
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
parcand/Work for candidate
parcand/Work for candidate
parcand/Work for candidate
parcand/Work for candidate
parcand/Work for candidate
21531
99
Never
1
Only once/Once or twice
2
Sometimes/A few times
3
Often
4
Would do if I had the chance
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
parnews/Write newspaper
parnews/Write newspaper
parnews/Write newspaper
parnews/Write newspaper
parnews/Write newspaper
21531
99
Never
1
Only once/Once or twice
2
Sometimes/A few times
3
Often
4
Would do if I had the chance
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
pardemo/Attend demonstration
pardemo/Attend demonstration
pardemo/Attend demonstration
pardemo/Attend demonstration
pardemo/Attend demonstration
21531
99
Never
1
Only once/Once or twice
2
Sometimes/A few times
3
Often
4
Would do if I had the chance
9
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official
conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official
conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official
conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official
conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official
21531
99
never
1
only once/twice
2
sometimes/a few times
3
often/frequently
5
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
coninflu/Contact influential person
coninflu/Contact influential person
coninflu/Contact influential person
coninflu/Contact influential person
coninflu/Contact influential person
21531
99
never
1
only once/twice
2
sometimes/a few times
3
often/frequently
5
Don't know
98
Refused to answer
99
Missing data
Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best
Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best
Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best
Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best
Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best
21531
1
99
1
Strongly Agree
2
Agree
3
Disagree/Democracy always best: Agree
4
Strongly Disagree/Democracy always best: Strongly agree
6
Do not agree with either
9
Don't know
98
Refused
99
Missing data
Within country weight
Within country weight
Within country weight
Within country weight
Within country weight
21531
0.0427
2.264
Country weight
Country weight
Country weight
Country weight
Country weight
21531
0.333055786844296
1.01954120645709
0.333055786844296
0.528401585204756
0.545454545454545
0.545951
0.574437529918621
0.598802395209581
0.993377483443709
1
1.01437024513948
1.01954120645709
Country weight x within country weight
Country weight x within country weight
Country weight x within country weight
Country weight x within country weight
Country weight x within country weight
21531
0.0232909090909091
1.23490909090909
Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size)
Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size)
Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size)
Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size)
Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size)
21531
0.098322318
2.551780272
0.098322318
0.106635156
0.133027743
0.38754536
0.610958807
0.662812579
0.701693944
0.701864658
0.735871438
1.189311501
1.420361173
2.551780272
Africa weight x Within country weight
Africa weight x Within country weight
Africa weight x Within country weight
Africa weight x Within country weight
Africa weight x Within country weight
21531
0.0313626481918833
3.215697695672
Respondent's race?
Respondent's race?
Respondent's race?
Respondent's race?
Respondent's race?
21531
1
99
1
Black/African
2
White/European
3
Coloured
4
Indian
5
Chinese/Japanese/Asian
6
Could not tell
99
Missing data
What is your home language?
What is your home language?
What is your home language?
What is your home language?
What is your home language?
21531
1
999
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
26
25
27
26
29
27
30
28
31
29
32
30
33
31
34
32
35
33
37
34
38
35
41
36
42
37
43
38
44
39
45
40
46
41
47
42
48
43
50
44
51
45
52
46
53
47
54
48
55
49
56
50
57
51
58
52
59
53
60
54
61
55
62
56
63
57
64
58
65
59
66
60
67
61
68
62
69
63
70
64
71
65
72
66
73
67
74
68
75
69
76
70
77
71
78
72
80
73
81
74
82
75
83
76
84
77
85
78
86
79
87
80
88
81
89
82
90
83
91
84
92
85
93
86
94
87
95
88
96
89
98
90
99
91
100
92
101
93
102
94
103
95
104
96
105
97
106
98
107
99
108
100
109
101
110
102
111
103
113
104
114
105
115
106
116
107
117
108
118
109
119
110
120
111
121
112
122
113
123
114
124
115
125
116
126
117
127
118
128
119
129
120
130
121
131
122
132
123
133
124
134
125
135
126
136
127
137
128
138
129
139
130
140
131
141
132
142
133
143
134
145
135
146
136
147
137
148
138
149
139
150
140
151
141
152
142
153
143
154
144
155
145
156
146
157
147
158
148
159
149
160
150
161
151
162
152
163
153
164
154
165
155
166
156
167
157
168
158
169
159
170
160
171
161
172
162
173
163
174
164
175
165
176
166
177
167
178
168
179
169
180
170
181
171
182
172
183
173
184
174
185
175
186
176
187
177
188
178
189
179
190
180
191
181
192
182
193
183
194
184
195
185
196
186
197
187
198
188
199
189
200
190
201
191
202
192
203
193
204
194
205
195
206
196
207
197
208
198
209
199
210
200
211
201
212
202
213
203
214
204
215
205
216
206
217
207
218
208
219
209
220
210
221
211
222
212
995
213
998
214
999
215
actual party affiliation
actual party affiliation
actual party affiliation
actual party affiliation
actual party affiliation
21531
999
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
13
11
14
12
15
13
16
14
18
15
19
16
20
17
21
18
22
19
23
20
24
21
25
22
26
23
27
24
29
25
30
26
32
27
33
28
34
29
35
30
36
31
37
32
38
33
40
34
41
35
44
36
45
37
46
38
49
39
50
40
51
41
52
42
53
43
54
44
57
45
59
46
60
47
61
48
62
49
65
50
66
51
67
52
68
53
70
54
71
55
72
56
73
57
80
58
81
59
82
60
83
61
84
62
85
63
86
64
87
65
88
66
89
67
90
68
91
69
92
70
93
71
94
72
100
73
101
74
102
75
103
76
104
77
105
78
106
79
107
80
108
81
109
82
110
83
111
84
112
85
113
86
114
87
115
88
116
89
117
90
118
91
119
92
120
93
121
94
122
95
130
96
131
97
132
98
133
99
134
100
135
101
140
102
141
103
142
104
143
105
144
106
145
107
146
108
990
109
995
110
998
111
999
112
District
District
District
District
District
21531
1
999
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
58
59
59
60
60
61
61
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
67
68
68
69
69
70
70
71
71
72
72
73
73
74
74
75
75
76
76
77
77
78
78
79
79
80
80
81
81
82
82
83
83
84
84
85
85
86
86
87
87
88
88
100
89
101
90
102
91
103
92
104
93
105
94
106
95
107
96
108
97
110
98
111
99
112
100
113
101
114
102
115
103
116
104
117
105
118
106
119
107
120
108
121
109
122
110
123
111
124
112
125
113
126
114
127
115
128
116
129
117
130
118
131
119
150
120
151
121
152
122
153
123
154
124
155
125
156
126
157
127
158
128
159
129
160
130
161
131
162
132
163
133
164
134
165
135
166
136
167
137
168
138
169
139
170
140
171
141
172
142
173
143
174
144
175
145
176
146
177
147
178
148
179
149
180
150
181
151
182
152
183
153
184
154
185
155
200
156
201
157
202
158
203
159
204
160
205
161
206
162
207
163
208
164
209
165
210
166
211
167
212
168
213
169
214
170
215
171
216
172
217
173
218
174
219
175
220
176
221
177
222
178
223
179
224
180
999
181