1998 Population and Housing Census DDI_MWI_1998_PHC_v01_M_v7.6_A_IPUMS IPUMS

Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) International

 IPUMS April 1, 2025 IPUMS, 50 Willey Hall, 225 - 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Development Co-operation Directorate JADE#:60525;MEHLB(2010)12 IPUMS Version 7.6 October 2025 : NEW FEATURES. --NO "new features" listed in Revision History NEW SAMPLES. --Six new census samples for Honduras (2013), Kenya (2019), Malawi (2018), Mongolia (2010, 2020), and Mozambique (2017) were added to the data series. All census samples extend pre-existing series for those countries. --91 quarterly labor force surveys from the Philippines (1997 - 2019) were added to IPUMS. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA. --No "supplemental data" listed in revision history NEW VARIABLES. --New spatially harmonized birthplace and previous-residence variables are available for samples in this data release. More information is available here (https://international.ipums.org/international/geo_mig.shtml). --Users should note that many older migration and birthplace variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. For birthplace variables refer to this table (https://international.ipums.org/international/resources/misc_docs/migCrosswalk_names.pdf). EDITED SAMPLES. --For the Zambia 2000 sample, an error in the household breaks was corrected, resulting in the creation of 1,988 new households (1% increase) that were previously combined with other households. The person records included in the sample did not change. Due to an inconsistency in the original file, no household-level information other than geographic location is available for these newly identified households, necessitating the addition of "unknown" values for this sample to the following variables: BEDROOMS, ELECTRIC, FLOOR, FUELCOOK, FUELHEAT, OWNERSHIP, PHONE, RADIO, REFRIG, ROOMS, SEWAGE, TRASH, WATSRC, TV, TOILET, GQ, ROOF, WATSUP, BIKE, MOTORCYCLE, KITCHEN, GQTYPE, AUTOS, and WALL. EDITED VARIABLES. --For the 1998 and 2008 Malawi samples, the family interrelationship pointer variables MOMLOC and POPLOC were modified to allow a "Spouse/partner" of the household head to be linked as a parent to an "Other relative", because the enumeration instructions specify that adopted and stepchildren were categorized as "Other relative". These samples are now consistent with the links made in the newly released 2018 Malawi sample, which had the same enumeration instructions for adopted and stepchildren. --In the samples for Côte d'Ivoire 1988 and 1998, Rwanda 1991 and 2002, Togo 1960 and 2010, and South Africa 2001, for the harmonized variable POLYGAM, persons in consensual unions were previously coded as "No, in monogamous union". Because there was no response option in these samples for polygamous consensual unions, it is more appropriate to treat these cases as not-in-universe, so they have been recoded to "NIU (not in universe)". --MARST has been edited for Honduras 1974 to reclassify the source variable responses "married, wife lives separately" and "consensual union, companion lives separately" as separations. The documentation suggests that "separately" actually indicates a relationship separation and not an absent spouse or companion. Other minor edits were implemented for MARST for Mozambique 1997 and 2007. --In the Mozambique 1997 sample, an error was corrected that recoded persons with a relationship of "Unknown" in the source data to "Other relative or non-relative" (6000) in the harmonized variable RELATE. These persons are now coded as "Not Stated/Unknown" (9999). --In the Malawi 1987, 1998, and 2008 samples, for variable WATSUP, a programming error was corrected such that any households who reported having piped water in either the wet or the dry season are classified as having access to piped water. This programming was also applied to the newly released 2018 sample. --The NATIVITY variable has been edited in the Chile 2017 sample to correct a programming error that mistakenly classified as foreign-born about 20 thousand person records that were actually native-born. --The MIGRATE5 variable has been edited in the Chile 2017 sample, given a programming error that classified most migrants as having changed their major geographic unit. The MIGRATE5 variable for the Chile 1982 and 1992 samples has been edited to use spatially harmonized geographic units to calculate migration status. --In the 1989, 1999, and 2009 Kenya samples, households who indicated that their lighting type or fuel was "Solar" were recoded from "No" to "Yes" in ELECTRIC, based on secondary sources documenting the spread of home solar energy systems in Kenya beginning in the mid-1980s. In the 1989 and 1999 Kenya samples, programming was removed that previously recoded households that reported using electricity as their main cooking fuel to "Yes" in the access to electricity variable ELECTRIC, making it more consistent across samples. Other minor edits were implemented for ELECTRIC in Botswana 2011, Ethiopia 1984 and 1994, Mongolia 1989, Mozambique 2007. --Some samples in DISCARE classified responses indicating "some" difficulty into "yes". These cases were revised to consistently include in "yes" only responses indicating "a lot of difficulty" or "cannot do at all". --Some codes were improperly labeled for municipalities in Honduras 1961 and 1974, which affect variables on place of residence, birthplace, and previous residence. 1998 Population and Housing Census - IPUMS Subset PHC mw1998a (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) MWI_1998_PHC_v01_M_v7.6_A_IPUMS National Statistical Office IPUMS (c) Copyright 1998, National Statistical Office and Minnesota Population Center National Statistical Office Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] IPUMS International DOI:10.18128/D020.V7.6 Version 7.6. The datasets contain selected variables from the original microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database. Demographic Variables -- PERSON Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: IPUMS-I, IPUMS-DHS Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Education Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Demographic Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Unspecified day during June 1 to 21, 1998 June 1st - June 21st, 1998 Malawi Traditional authority (TA) Persons, households, and dwellings UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: No - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: A dwelling unit may be defined as any structure, permanent or temporary, where people sleep. It may be hut, a house, a store with a sleeping room or rooms at the back or sides, a shelter of reeds/straw such as those used by fishermen, or any other structure where people sleep. - Households: A household consists of one or more persons, related or unrelated, who live together and make common provision for food. They regularly take all their food from the same pot, and/or share the same grain store (nkhokwe) or pool their incomes for the purpose of purchasing food. Persons in a household may live in one or more dwelling units. - Group quarters: Public places such as hospitals, markets, hotels, and rest houses. All persons present in Malawi at the time of census, including both Malawians and foreigners Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study: Malawi 1998 MICRODATA SOURCE: National Statistical Office SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 991393. SAMPLE DESIGN: Systematic sample of every 10th household with a random start, drawn by the IPUMS. Note: There can be multiple dwellings per household in the data. Face-to-face [f2f] There are 2 questionnaires: (i) Census questionnaire which collects information on characteristics of individual household members, household information and dwelling unit characteristics and access facilities; (ii) Record of vacant and other structure which collects information on main use of the structures and materials used for construction de facto, CENSUS DAY: Unspecified day during June 1 to 21, 1998 Self-weighting (expansion factor = 10). IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record. National Statistical Office Steven Ruggles, Lara Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovaton, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee, and Nate Merrill. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.6 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.6 Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data: Malawi, National Statistical Office. 1998 Population and Housing Census The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS International data requires that users supply IPUMS International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Copies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu. Printed matter should be sent to: IPUMS International Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota 50 Willey Hall 225 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55455 An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS International (https://international.ipums.org/international/) under the following conditions: IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. User-provided description: DOI:10.18128/D020.V7.6 Extract for mw1998a, 2025 MWI1998_PHC-H-H.dat Household records 229,005 ascii Minnesota Population Center Version 7.5, IPUMS sample MWI1998_PHC-P-H.dat Person records 991393 ascii Minnesota Population Center Version 7.5, IPUMS sample Record type RECTYPE identifies the type of record for the case: household or person. NOTE: RECTYPE is an alphabetic (character string) variable with a value of 'H' for household records and 'P' for person records. RECTYPE will not appear as a variable in the default rectangular extracts produced by the data extract system. It is only available in hierarchical extracts, to distinguish between the two record types. H Household P Person Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Country COUNTRY gives the country from which the sample was drawn. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). 032 Argentina 051 Armenia 040 Austria 050 Bangladesh 112 Belarus 204 Benin 068 Bolivia 072 Botswana 076 Brazil 854 Burkina Faso 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 124 Canada 152 Chile 156 China 170 Colombia 188 Costa Rica 192 Cuba 208 Denmark 214 Dominican Republic 218 Ecuador 818 Egypt 222 El Salvador 231 Ethiopia 242 Fiji 246 Finland 250 France 276 Germany 288 Ghana 300 Greece 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 332 Haiti 340 Honduras 348 Hungary 352 Iceland 356 India 360 Indonesia 364 Iran 368 Iraq 372 Ireland 376 Israel 380 Italy 384 Côte d'Ivoire 388 Jamaica 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 417 Kyrgyz Republic 418 Laos 426 Lesotho 430 Liberia 454 Malawi 458 Malaysia 466 Mali 480 Mauritius 484 Mexico 496 Mongolia 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 104 Myanmar 524 Nepal 528 Netherlands 558 Nicaragua 566 Nigeria 578 Norway 586 Pakistan 275 Palestine 591 Panama 598 Papua New Guinea 600 Paraguay 604 Peru 608 Philippines 616 Poland 620 Portugal 630 Puerto Rico 642 Romania 643 Russia 646 Rwanda 662 Saint Lucia 686 Senegal 694 Sierra Leone 703 Slovak Republic 705 Slovenia 710 South Africa 728 South Sudan 724 Spain 729 Sudan 740 Suriname 752 Sweden 756 Switzerland 834 Tanzania 764 Thailand 768 Togo 780 Trinidad and Tobago 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 804 Ukraine 826 United Kingdom 840 United States 858 Uruguay 862 Venezuela 704 Vietnam 894 Zambia 716 Zimbabwe Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Year YEAR gives the year in which the census or survey was taken. For samples that span years, the midpoint or first year of the interval is reported. 1703 1703 1729 1729 1787 1787 1801 1801 1819 1819 1845 1845 1848 1848 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1860 1860 1861 1861 1865 1865 1868 1868 1870 1870 1871 1871 1875 1875 1880 1880 1881 1881 1885 1885 1890 1890 1891 1891 1900 1900 1901 1901 1910 1910 1911 1911 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1966 1966 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD IPUMS sample identifier SAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 9-digit code. The code is structured as follows: The first 3 digits are the ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY The next 4 digits are the year of the census/survey The final 2 digits identify the sample within the year. For the last two digits, censuses or large census-like surveys have a value "0" (e.g, 01) in the second-to-last digit, household surveys have a value of "2" (e.g., 21), and employment surveys have a value of "4" (e.g., 41). 032197001 Argentina 1970 032198001 Argentina 1980 032199101 Argentina 1991 032200101 Argentina 2001 032201001 Argentina 2010 051200101 Armenia 2001 051201101 Armenia 2011 040197101 Austria 1971 040198101 Austria 1981 040199101 Austria 1991 040200101 Austria 2001 040201101 Austria 2011 050199101 Bangladesh 1991 050200101 Bangladesh 2001 050201101 Bangladesh 2011 112199901 Belarus 1999 112200901 Belarus 2009 204197901 Benin 1979 204199201 Benin 1992 204200201 Benin 2002 204201301 Benin 2013 068197601 Bolivia 1976 068199201 Bolivia 1992 068200101 Bolivia 2001 068201201 Bolivia 2012 072198101 Botswana 1981 072199101 Botswana 1991 072200101 Botswana 2001 072201101 Botswana 2011 076196001 Brazil 1960 076197001 Brazil 1970 076198001 Brazil 1980 076199101 Brazil 1991 076200001 Brazil 2000 076201001 Brazil 2010 854198501 Burkina Faso 1985 854199601 Burkina Faso 1996 854200601 Burkina Faso 2006 116199801 Cambodia 1998 116200401 Cambodia 2004 116200801 Cambodia 2008 116201301 Cambodia 2013 116201901 Cambodia 2019 120197601 Cameroon 1976 120198701 Cameroon 1987 120200501 Cameroon 2005 124185201 Canada 1852 124187101 Canada 1871 124188101 Canada 1881 124189101 Canada 1891 124190101 Canada 1901 124191101 Canada 1911 124197101 Canada 1971 124198101 Canada 1981 124199101 Canada 1991 124200101 Canada 2001 124201101 Canada 2011 152196001 Chile 1960 152197001 Chile 1970 152198201 Chile 1982 152199201 Chile 1992 152200201 Chile 2002 152201701 Chile 2017 156198201 China 1982 156199001 China 1990 156200001 China 2000 170196401 Colombia 1964 170197301 Colombia 1973 170198501 Colombia 1985 170199301 Colombia 1993 170200501 Colombia 2005 188196301 Costa Rica 1963 188197301 Costa Rica 1973 188198401 Costa Rica 1984 188200001 Costa Rica 2000 188201101 Costa Rica 2011 192200201 Cuba 2002 192201201 Cuba 2012 208178701 Denmark 1787 208180101 Denmark 1801 208184501 Denmark 1845 208188001 Denmark 1880 208188501 Denmark 1885 214196001 Dominican Republic 1960 214197001 Dominican Republic 1970 214198101 Dominican Republic 1981 214200201 Dominican Republic 2002 214201001 Dominican Republic 2010 218196201 Ecuador 1962 218197401 Ecuador 1974 218198201 Ecuador 1982 218199001 Ecuador 1990 218200101 Ecuador 2001 218201001 Ecuador 2010 818184801 Egypt 1848 818186801 Egypt 1868 818198601 Egypt 1986 818199601 Egypt 1996 818200601 Egypt 2006 222199201 El Salvador 1992 222200701 El Salvador 2007 231198401 Ethiopia 1984 231199401 Ethiopia 1994 231200701 Ethiopia 2007 242196601 Fiji 1966 242197601 Fiji 1976 242198601 Fiji 1986 242199601 Fiji 1996 242200701 Fiji 2007 242201401 Fiji 2014 246201001 Finland 2010 250196201 France 1962 250196801 France 1968 250197501 France 1975 250198201 France 1982 250199001 France 1990 250199901 France 1999 250200601 France 2006 250201101 France 2011 276181901 Germany 1819 (Mecklenburg) 276197001 Germany 1970 (West) 276197101 Germany 1971 (East) 276198101 Germany 1981 (East) 276198701 Germany 1987 (West) 288198401 Ghana 1984 288200001 Ghana 2000 288201001 Ghana 2010 300197101 Greece 1971 300198101 Greece 1981 300199101 Greece 1991 300200101 Greece 2001 300201101 Greece 2011 320196401 Guatemala 1964 320197301 Guatemala 1973 320198101 Guatemala 1981 320199401 Guatemala 1994 320200201 Guatemala 2002 324198301 Guinea 1983 324199601 Guinea 1996 324201401 Guinea 2014 332197101 Haiti 1971 332198201 Haiti 1982 332200301 Haiti 2003 340196101 Honduras 1961 340197401 Honduras 1974 340198801 Honduras 1988 340200101 Honduras 2001 340201301 Honduras 2013 348197001 Hungary 1970 348198001 Hungary 1980 348199001 Hungary 1990 348200101 Hungary 2001 348201101 Hungary 2011 352170301 Iceland 1703 352172901 Iceland 1729 352180101 Iceland 1801 352190101 Iceland 1901 352191001 Iceland 1910 356198341 India 1983 356198741 India 1987 356199341 India 1993 356199941 India 1999 356200441 India 2004 356200941 India 2009 360197101 Indonesia 1971 360197601 Indonesia 1976 360198001 Indonesia 1980 360198501 Indonesia 1985 360199001 Indonesia 1990 360199501 Indonesia 1995 360200001 Indonesia 2000 360200501 Indonesia 2005 360201001 Indonesia 2010 364200601 Iran 2006 364201101 Iran 2011 368199701 Iraq 1997 372190101 Ireland 1901 372191101 Ireland 1911 372197101 Ireland 1971 372197901 Ireland 1979 372198101 Ireland 1981 372198601 Ireland 1986 372199101 Ireland 1991 372199601 Ireland 1996 372200201 Ireland 2002 372200601 Ireland 2006 372201101 Ireland 2011 372201601 Ireland 2016 376197201 Israel 1972 376198301 Israel 1983 376199501 Israel 1995 376200801 Israel 2008 380200101 Italy 2001 380201101 Italy 2011 380201121 Italy 2011 Q1 LFS 380201221 Italy 2012 Q1 LFS 380201321 Italy 2013 Q1 LFS 380201421 Italy 2014 Q1 LFS 380201521 Italy 2015 Q1 LFS 380201621 Italy 2016 Q1 LFS 380201721 Italy 2017 Q1 LFS 380201821 Italy 2018 Q1 LFS 380201921 Italy 2019 Q1 LFS 380202021 Italy 2020 Q1 LFS 384198801 Côte d'Ivoire 1988 384199801 Côte d'Ivoire 1998 388198201 Jamaica 1982 388199101 Jamaica 1991 388200101 Jamaica 2001 400200401 Jordan 2004 404196901 Kenya 1969 404197901 Kenya 1979 404198901 Kenya 1989 404199901 Kenya 1999 404200901 Kenya 2009 404201901 Kenya 2019 417199901 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 417200901 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 418199501 Laos 1995 418200501 Laos 2005 418201501 Laos 2015 426199601 Lesotho 1996 426200601 Lesotho 2006 430197401 Liberia 1974 430200801 Liberia 2008 454198701 Malawi 1987 454199801 Malawi 1998 454200801 Malawi 2008 454201801 Malawi 2018 458197001 Malaysia 1970 458198001 Malaysia 1980 458199101 Malaysia 1991 458200001 Malaysia 2000 466198701 Mali 1987 466199801 Mali 1998 466200901 Mali 2009 480199001 Mauritius 1990 480200001 Mauritius 2000 480201101 Mauritius 2011 484196001 Mexico 1960 484197001 Mexico 1970 484199001 Mexico 1990 484199501 Mexico 1995 484200001 Mexico 2000 484200501 Mexico 2005 484201001 Mexico 2010 484201501 Mexico 2015 484202001 Mexico 2020 484200521 Mexico 2005 Q1 LFS 484200522 Mexico 2005 Q2 LFS 484200523 Mexico 2005 Q3 LFS 484200524 Mexico 2005 Q4 LFS 484200621 Mexico 2006 Q1 LFS 484200622 Mexico 2006 Q2 LFS 484200623 Mexico 2006 Q3 LFS 484200624 Mexico 2006 Q4 LFS 484200721 Mexico 2007 Q1 LFS 484200722 Mexico 2007 Q2 LFS 484200723 Mexico 2007 Q3 LFS 484200724 Mexico 2007 Q4 LFS 484200821 Mexico 2008 Q1 LFS 484200822 Mexico 2008 Q2 LFS 484200823 Mexico 2008 Q3 LFS 484200824 Mexico 2008 Q4 LFS 484200921 Mexico 2009 Q1 LFS 484200922 Mexico 2009 Q2 LFS 484200923 Mexico 2009 Q3 LFS 484200924 Mexico 2009 Q4 LFS 484201021 Mexico 2010 Q1 LFS 484201022 Mexico 2010 Q2 LFS 484201023 Mexico 2010 Q3 LFS 484201024 Mexico 2010 Q4 LFS 484201121 Mexico 2011 Q1 LFS 484201122 Mexico 2011 Q2 LFS 484201123 Mexico 2011 Q3 LFS 484201124 Mexico 2011 Q4 LFS 484201221 Mexico 2012 Q1 LFS 484201222 Mexico 2012 Q2 LFS 484201223 Mexico 2012 Q3 LFS 484201224 Mexico 2012 Q4 LFS 484201321 Mexico 2013 Q1 LFS 484201322 Mexico 2013 Q2 LFS 484201323 Mexico 2013 Q3 LFS 484201324 Mexico 2013 Q4 LFS 484201421 Mexico 2014 Q1 LFS 484201422 Mexico 2014 Q2 LFS 484201423 Mexico 2014 Q3 LFS 484201424 Mexico 2014 Q4 LFS 484201521 Mexico 2015 Q1 LFS 484201522 Mexico 2015 Q2 LFS 484201523 Mexico 2015 Q3 LFS 484201524 Mexico 2015 Q4 LFS 484201621 Mexico 2016 Q1 LFS 484201622 Mexico 2016 Q2 LFS 484201623 Mexico 2016 Q3 LFS 484201624 Mexico 2016 Q4 LFS 484201721 Mexico 2017 Q1 LFS 484201722 Mexico 2017 Q2 LFS 484201723 Mexico 2017 Q3 LFS 484201724 Mexico 2017 Q4 LFS 484201821 Mexico 2018 Q1 LFS 484201822 Mexico 2018 Q2 LFS 484201823 Mexico 2018 Q3 LFS 484201824 Mexico 2018 Q4 LFS 484201921 Mexico 2019 Q1 LFS 484201922 Mexico 2019 Q2 LFS 484201923 Mexico 2019 Q3 LFS 484201924 Mexico 2019 Q4 LFS 484202021 Mexico 2020 Q1 LFS 484202023 Mexico 2020 Q3 LFS 496198901 Mongolia 1989 496200001 Mongolia 2000 496201001 Mongolia 2010 496202001 Mongolia 2020 504198201 Morocco 1982 504199401 Morocco 1994 504200401 Morocco 2004 504201401 Morocco 2014 508199701 Mozambique 1997 508200701 Mozambique 2007 508201701 Mozambique 2017 104201401 Myanmar 2014 524200101 Nepal 2001 524201101 Nepal 2011 528196001 Netherlands 1960 528197101 Netherlands 1971 528200101 Netherlands 2001 528201101 Netherlands 2011 558197101 Nicaragua 1971 558199501 Nicaragua 1995 558200501 Nicaragua 2005 566200621 Nigeria 2006 566200721 Nigeria 2007 566200821 Nigeria 2008 566200921 Nigeria 2009 566201021 Nigeria 2010 578180101 Norway 1801 578186501 Norway 1865 578187501 Norway 1875 578190001 Norway 1900 578191001 Norway 1910 586197301 Pakistan 1973 586198101 Pakistan 1981 586199801 Pakistan 1998 275199701 Palestine 1997 275200701 Palestine 2007 275201701 Palestine 2017 591196001 Panama 1960 591197001 Panama 1970 591198001 Panama 1980 591199001 Panama 1990 591200001 Panama 2000 591201001 Panama 2010 598198001 Papua New Guinea 1980 598199001 Papua New Guinea 1990 598200001 Papua New Guinea 2000 600196201 Paraguay 1962 600197201 Paraguay 1972 600198201 Paraguay 1982 600199201 Paraguay 1992 600200201 Paraguay 2002 604199301 Peru 1993 604200701 Peru 2007 604201701 Peru 2017 608199721 Philippines 1997 Q1 LFS 608199722 Philippines 1997 Q2 LFS 608199723 Philippines 1997 Q3 LFS 608199724 Philippines 1997 Q4 LFS 608199821 Philippines 1998 Q1 LFS 608199822 Philippines 1998 Q2 LFS 608199823 Philippines 1998 Q3 LFS 608199824 Philippines 1998 Q4 LFS 608199921 Philippines 1999 Q1 LFS 608199922 Philippines 1999 Q2 LFS 608199923 Philippines 1999 Q3 LFS 608199924 Philippines 1999 Q4 LFS 608200021 Philippines 2000 Q1 LFS 608200022 Philippines 2000 Q2 LFS 608200023 Philippines 2000 Q3 LFS 608200024 Philippines 2000 Q4 LFS 608200121 Philippines 2001 Q1 LFS 608200122 Philippines 2001 Q2 LFS 608200123 Philippines 2001 Q3 LFS 608200124 Philippines 2001 Q4 LFS 608200221 Philippines 2002 Q1 LFS 608200222 Philippines 2002 Q2 LFS 608200223 Philippines 2002 Q3 LFS 608200224 Philippines 2002 Q4 LFS 608200321 Philippines 2003 Q1 LFS 608200322 Philippines 2003 Q2 LFS 608200323 Philippines 2003 Q3 LFS 608200324 Philippines 2003 Q4 LFS 608200421 Philippines 2004 Q1 LFS 608200422 Philippines 2004 Q2 LFS 608200423 Philippines 2004 Q3 LFS 608200424 Philippines 2004 Q4 LFS 608200521 Philippines 2005 Q1 LFS 608200522 Philippines 2005 Q2 LFS 608200523 Philippines 2005 Q3 LFS 608200524 Philippines 2005 Q4 LFS 608200621 Philippines 2006 Q1 LFS 608200622 Philippines 2006 Q2 LFS 608200623 Philippines 2006 Q3 LFS 608200624 Philippines 2006 Q4 LFS 608200721 Philippines 2007 Q1 LFS 608200722 Philippines 2007 Q2 LFS 608200723 Philippines 2007 Q3 LFS 608200724 Philippines 2007 Q4 LFS 608200821 Philippines 2008 Q1 LFS 608200822 Philippines 2008 Q2 LFS 608200823 Philippines 2008 Q3 LFS 608200824 Philippines 2008 Q4 LFS 608200921 Philippines 2009 Q1 LFS 608200922 Philippines 2009 Q2 LFS 608200923 Philippines 2009 Q3 LFS 608200924 Philippines 2009 Q4 LFS 608201021 Philippines 2010 Q1 LFS 608201022 Philippines 2010 Q2 LFS 608201023 Philippines 2010 Q3 LFS 608201024 Philippines 2010 Q4 LFS 608201121 Philippines 2011 Q1 LFS 608201122 Philippines 2011 Q2 LFS 608201123 Philippines 2011 Q3 LFS 608201124 Philippines 2011 Q4 LFS 608201221 Philippines 2012 Q1 LFS 608201222 Philippines 2012 Q2 LFS 608201223 Philippines 2012 Q3 LFS 608201224 Philippines 2012 Q4 LFS 608201321 Philippines 2013 Q1 LFS 608201322 Philippines 2013 Q2 LFS 608201323 Philippines 2013 Q3 LFS 608201324 Philippines 2013 Q4 LFS 608201421 Philippines 2014 Q1 LFS 608201422 Philippines 2014 Q2 LFS 608201423 Philippines 2014 Q3 LFS 608201424 Philippines 2014 Q4 LFS 608201521 Philippines 2015 Q1 LFS 608201522 Philippines 2015 Q2 LFS 608201523 Philippines 2015 Q3 LFS 608201524 Philippines 2015 Q4 LFS 608201621 Philippines 2016 Q1 LFS 608201622 Philippines 2016 Q2 LFS 608201623 Philippines 2016 Q3 LFS 608201624 Philippines 2016 Q4 LFS 608201721 Philippines 2017 Q1 LFS 608201722 Philippines 2017 Q2 LFS 608201723 Philippines 2017 Q3 LFS 608201724 Philippines 2017 Q4 LFS 608201821 Philippines 2018 Q1 LFS 608201822 Philippines 2018 Q2 LFS 608201823 Philippines 2018 Q3 LFS 608201824 Philippines 2018 Q4 LFS 608201921 Philippines 2019 Q1 LFS 608201922 Philippines 2019 Q2 LFS 608201923 Philippines 2019 Q3 LFS 608199001 Philippines 1990 608199501 Philippines 1995 608200001 Philippines 2000 608201001 Philippines 2010 616197801 Poland 1978 616198801 Poland 1988 616200201 Poland 2002 616201101 Poland 2011 620198101 Portugal 1981 620199101 Portugal 1991 620200101 Portugal 2001 620201101 Portugal 2011 630197001 Puerto Rico 1970 630198001 Puerto Rico 1980 630199001 Puerto Rico 1990 630200001 Puerto Rico 2000 630200501 Puerto Rico 2005 630201001 Puerto Rico 2010 630201501 Puerto Rico 2015 630202001 Puerto Rico 2020 642197701 Romania 1977 642199201 Romania 1992 642200201 Romania 2002 642201101 Romania 2011 643200201 Russia 2002 643201001 Russia 2010 646199101 Rwanda 1991 646200201 Rwanda 2002 646201201 Rwanda 2012 662198001 Saint Lucia 1980 662199101 Saint Lucia 1991 686198801 Senegal 1988 686200201 Senegal 2002 686201301 Senegal 2013 694200401 Sierra Leone 2004 694201501 Sierra Leone 2015 703199101 Slovak Republic 1991 703200101 Slovak Republic 2001 703201101 Slovak Republic 2011 705200201 Slovenia 2002 710199601 South Africa 1996 710200101 South Africa 2001 710200701 South Africa 2007 710201101 South Africa 2011 710201601 South Africa 2016 728200801 South Sudan 2008 724198101 Spain 1981 724199101 Spain 1991 724200101 Spain 2001 724201101 Spain 2011 724200521 Spain 2005 Q1 LFS 724200522 Spain 2005 Q2 LFS 724200523 Spain 2005 Q3 LFS 724200524 Spain 2005 Q4 LFS 724200621 Spain 2006 Q1 LFS 724200622 Spain 2006 Q2 LFS 724200623 Spain 2006 Q3 LFS 724200624 Spain 2006 Q4 LFS 724200721 Spain 2007 Q1 LFS 724200722 Spain 2007 Q2 LFS 724200723 Spain 2007 Q3 LFS 724200724 Spain 2007 Q4 LFS 724200821 Spain 2008 Q1 LFS 724200822 Spain 2008 Q2 LFS 724200823 Spain 2008 Q3 LFS 724200824 Spain 2008 Q4 LFS 724200921 Spain 2009 Q1 LFS 724200922 Spain 2009 Q2 LFS 724200923 Spain 2009 Q3 LFS 724200924 Spain 2009 Q4 LFS 724201021 Spain 2010 Q1 LFS 724201022 Spain 2010 Q2 LFS 724201023 Spain 2010 Q3 LFS 724201024 Spain 2010 Q4 LFS 724201121 Spain 2011 Q1 LFS 724201122 Spain 2011 Q2 LFS 724201123 Spain 2011 Q3 LFS 724201124 Spain 2011 Q4 LFS 724201221 Spain 2012 Q1 LFS 724201222 Spain 2012 Q2 LFS 724201223 Spain 2012 Q3 LFS 724201224 Spain 2012 Q4 LFS 724201321 Spain 2013 Q1 LFS 724201322 Spain 2013 Q2 LFS 724201323 Spain 2013 Q3 LFS 724201324 Spain 2013 Q4 LFS 724201421 Spain 2014 Q1 LFS 724201422 Spain 2014 Q2 LFS 724201423 Spain 2014 Q3 LFS 724201424 Spain 2014 Q4 LFS 724201521 Spain 2015 Q1 LFS 724201522 Spain 2015 Q2 LFS 724201523 Spain 2015 Q3 LFS 724201524 Spain 2015 Q4 LFS 724201621 Spain 2016 Q1 LFS 724201622 Spain 2016 Q2 LFS 724201623 Spain 2016 Q3 LFS 724201624 Spain 2016 Q4 LFS 724201721 Spain 2017 Q1 LFS 724201722 Spain 2017 Q2 LFS 724201723 Spain 2017 Q3 LFS 724201724 Spain 2017 Q4 LFS 724201821 Spain 2018 Q1 LFS 724201822 Spain 2018 Q2 LFS 724201823 Spain 2018 Q3 LFS 724201824 Spain 2018 Q4 LFS 724201921 Spain 2019 Q1 LFS 724201922 Spain 2019 Q2 LFS 724201923 Spain 2019 Q3 LFS 724201924 Spain 2019 Q4 LFS 724202021 Spain 2020 Q1 LFS 724202022 Spain 2020 Q2 LFS 724202023 Spain 2020 Q3 LFS 724202024 Spain 2020 Q4 LFS 729200801 Sudan 2008 740200401 Suriname 2004 740201201 Suriname 2012 752188001 Sweden 1880 752189001 Sweden 1890 752190001 Sweden 1900 752191001 Sweden 1910 756197001 Switzerland 1970 756198001 Switzerland 1980 756199001 Switzerland 1990 756200001 Switzerland 2000 756201101 Switzerland 2011 834198801 Tanzania 1988 834200201 Tanzania 2002 834201201 Tanzania 2012 764197001 Thailand 1970 764198001 Thailand 1980 764199001 Thailand 1990 764200001 Thailand 2000 768196001 Togo 1960 768197001 Togo 1970 768201001 Togo 2010 780197001 Trinidad and Tobago 1970 780198001 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 780199001 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 780200001 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 780201101 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 792198501 Turkey 1985 792199001 Turkey 1990 792200001 Turkey 2000 800199101 Uganda 1991 800200201 Uganda 2002 800201401 Uganda 2014 804200101 Ukraine 2001 826185101 United Kingdom 1851 (England and Wales) 826185102 United Kingdom 1851 (Scotland) 826185103 United Kingdom 1851 (2% sample) 826186101 United Kingdom 1861 (England and Wales) 826186102 United Kingdom 1861 (Scotland) 826187101 United Kingdom 1871 (Scotland) 826188101 United Kingdom 1881 (England and Wales) 826188102 United Kingdom 1881 (Scotland) 826189101 United Kingdom 1891 (England and Wales) 826189102 United Kingdom 1891 (Scotland) 826190101 United Kingdom 1901 (England and Wales) 826190102 United Kingdom 1901 (Scotland) 826191101 United Kingdom 1911 (England and Wales) 826196101 United Kingdom 1961 826197101 United Kingdom 1971 826199101 United Kingdom 1991 826200101 United Kingdom 2001 840185001 United States 1850 (100%) 840185002 United States 1850 (1%) 840186001 United States 1860 (1%) 840187001 United States 1870 (1%) 840188001 United States 1880 (100%) 840188002 United States 1880 (10%) 840190001 United States 1900 (5%) 840191001 United States 1910 (1%) 840196001 United States 1960 840197001 United States 1970 840198001 United States 1980 840199001 United States 1990 840200001 United States 2000 840200501 United States 2005 840201001 United States 2010 840201501 United States 2015 840202001 United States 2020 858196301 Uruguay 1963 858196302 Uruguay 1963 (full count) 858197501 Uruguay 1975 858197502 Uruguay 1975 (full count) 858198501 Uruguay 1985 858198502 Uruguay 1985 (full count) 858199601 Uruguay 1996 858199602 Uruguay 1996 (full count) 858200621 Uruguay 2006 858201101 Uruguay 2011 858201102 Uruguay 2011 (full count) 862197101 Venezuela 1971 862198101 Venezuela 1981 862199001 Venezuela 1990 862200101 Venezuela 2001 704198901 Vietnam 1989 704199901 Vietnam 1999 704200901 Vietnam 2009 704201901 Vietnam 2019 894199001 Zambia 1990 894200001 Zambia 2000 894201001 Zambia 2010 716201201 Zimbabwe 2012 Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household serial number SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) The combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS-International database; SAMPLE, SERIAL and PERNUM uniquely identify every person in the database. SERIAL can be used to identify dwellings in some samples. In these samples, the first 7 digits of SERIAL provide the dwelling number common to all households that were sampled from the same structure. The last three digits give the sequence of the household within the dwelling. The following is a list of samples in which dwellings can be inferred: Chile 1970, 1992, 2002Colombia 1993, 2005Costa Rica 1984, 2000Cuba 2002Dominican Republic 1981, 2002, 2010Ecuador 1990, 2001Germany 1971Hungary 1980, 1990, 2001Jamaica 1982, 1991, 2001Malaysia 1970, 1991, 2000Mexico 1995, 1990, 2000, 2005Nigeria 2006Panama 2000Peru 1993, 2007Portugal 1981, 1991, 2001Spain 1991Uruguay 2011Venezuela 1990, 2001Vietnam 1989In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. SERIAL was constructed for IPUMS-International, and has no relation to the serial number in the original datasets. The U.S. 1900 sample and 1880 10% sample have multi-household dwellings that can be identified using the last 3 digits of SERIAL. SERIAL is a 10-digit numeric variable. The last 3 digits of SERIAL indicate household number within dwelling for selected samples noted in the variable description. In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of person records in the household PERSONS indicates how many person records are included in the household (i.e., the number of person records associated with the household record in the sample). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons. PERSONS is a 4-digit numeric variable. Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household weight HHWT indicates the number of households in the population represented by the household in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), HHWT must be used to yield accurate household-level statistics. NOTE: HHWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. HHWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Subsample number SUBSAMP allocates each case to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. Each subsample is nationally representative and preserves any stratification of the sample from which it is drawn. Users who need a representative subset of a sample can use SUBSAMP to select their cases. For example, to randomly extract 10% of the cases from a sample, select any 10 of the 100 subsamples. 00 1st 1% subsample 01 2nd 1% subsample 02 3rd 1% subsample 03 4th 1% subsample 04 5th 1% subsample 05 6th 1% subsample 06 7th 1% subsample 07 8th 1% subsample 08 9th 1% subsample 09 10th 1% subsample 10 11th 1% subsample 11 12th 1% subsample 12 13th 1% subsample 13 14th 1% subsample 14 15th 1% subsample 15 16th 1% subsample 16 17th 1% subsample 17 18th 1% subsample 18 19th 1% subsample 19 20th 1% subsample 20 21st 1% subsample 21 22nd 1% subsample 22 23rd 1% subsample 23 24th 1% subsample 24 25th 1% subsample 25 26th 1% subsample 26 27th 1% subsample 27 28th 1% subsample 28 29th 1% subsample 29 30th 1% subsample 30 31st 1% subsample 31 32nd 1% subsample 32 33rd 1% subsample 33 34th 1% subsample 34 35th 1% subsample 35 36th 1% subsample 36 37th 1% subsample 37 38th 1% subsample 38 39th 1% subsample 39 40th 1% subsample 40 41st 1% subsample 41 42nd 1% subsample 42 43rd 1% subsample 43 44th 1% subsample 44 45th 1% subsample 45 46th 1% subsample 46 47th 1% subsample 47 48th 1% subsample 48 49th 1% subsample 49 50th 1% subsample 50 51st 1% subsample 51 52nd 1% subsample 52 53rd 1% subsample 53 54th 1% subsample 54 55th 1% subsample 55 56th 1% subsample 56 57th 1% subsample 57 58th 1% subsample 58 59th 1% subsample 59 60th 1% subsample 60 61st 1% subsample 61 62nd 1% subsample 62 63rd 1% subsample 63 64th 1% subsample 64 65th 1% subsample 65 66th 1% subsample 66 67th 1% subsample 67 68th 1% subsample 68 69th 1% subsample 69 70th 1% subsample 70 71st 1% subsample 71 72nd 1% subsample 72 73rd 1% subsample 73 74th 1% subsample 74 75th 1% subsample 75 76th 1% subsample 76 77th 1% subsample 77 78th 1% subsample 78 79th 1% subsample 79 80th 1% subsample 80 81st 1% subsample 81 82nd 1% subsample 82 83rd 1% subsample 83 84th 1% subsample 84 85th 1% subsample 85 86th 1% subsample 86 87th 1% subsample 87 88th 1% subsample 88 89th 1% subsample 89 90th 1% subsample 90 91st 1% subsample 91 92nd 1% subsample 92 93rd 1% subsample 93 94th 1% subsample 94 95th 1% subsample 95 96th 1% subsample 96 97th 1% subsample 97 98th 1% subsample 98 99th 1% subsample 99 100th 1% subsample Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Strata identifier This variable is the strata identifier for the sample. The STRATA variable provides information about the sample design that can be used to improve estimation. STRATA is a 12-digit numeric variable. Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group quarters (collective dwelling) status GQ identifies households as vacant dwellings, group quarters, or private households. Group quarters -- collective dwellings -- are generally institutions and other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and boarding schools. Institutions often retain persons under formal supervision or custody, such as correctional institutions, military barracks, asylums, or nursing homes. Educational and religious group dwellings (e.g., boarding schools, convents, monasteries, etc.) are also included in the institutional classification. Group quarter designations are often useful for understanding the universe of households that answered questions about household characteristics. Censuses will often exclude group quarters from such questions. 00 Vacant 10 Households 20 Group quarters (collective), n.s. 21 Institutions 22 Other group quarters 29 1-person unit created by splitting large household 99 Unknown/group quarters not identified Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of unrelated persons UNREL indicates the number of persons in the household who are unrelated to the head as defined in the variable RELATE. 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9+ Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Urban-rural status URBAN indicates whether the household was located in a place designated as urban or as rural. 1 Rural 2 Urban 9 Unknown Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Continent and region of country REGIONW identifies the continent and region of each country. 11 Eastern Africa 12 Middle Africa 13 Northern Africa 14 Southern Africa 15 Western Africa 21 Caribbean 22 Central America 23 North America 24 South America 31 Central Asia 32 Eastern Asia 33 Southern Asia 34 South-Eastern Asia 35 Western Asia 41 Eastern Europe 42 Northern Europe 43 Southern Europe 44 Western Europe 51 Australia and New Zealand 52 Melanesia 53 Micronesia 54 Polynesia Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD 1st subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV1 indicates the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. First administrative units in GEOLEV1 have been spatiotemporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV1 is a 6-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV1 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO1_BR. Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD 2nd subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV2 indicates the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. Second administrative units in GEOLEV2 have been spatio-temporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV2 is a 9-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV2 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO2_BR. Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Population density of GEOLEV1 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO1 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO1 is an 8-digit numeric variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. Codes0 = Unknown. Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Population density of GEOLEV2 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO2 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The second major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV2 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV2 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO2 is a 12-digit numeric variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. Codes0 = Unknown. Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Area of GEOLEV1 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO1 indicates the area in square kilometers of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO1 is a 10-digit numeric variable listing the area in square kilometers. Codes0 = Unknown. Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Area of GEOLEV2 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO2 indicates the area in square kilometers of the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The second major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV2 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV2 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO2 is a 10-digit numeric variable listing the area in square kilometers. Codes0 = Unknown. Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Malawi, District 1987 - 2018 [Level 1; consistent boundaries, GIS] GEO1_MW identifies the household's district within Malawi in all sample years. Districts are the first level administrative units of the country. GEO1_MW is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years. Some detail is lost in harmonization; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_MW can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Malawi can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. 454101 Chitipa 454102 Karonga 454103 Nkhata Bay, Likoma 454104 Rumphi 454105 Mzimba, Mzuzu City 454201 Kasungu 454202 Nkhotakota 454203 Ntchisi 454204 Dowa 454205 Salima 454206 Lilongwe, Lilongwe City 454207 Mchinji 454208 Dedza 454209 Ntcheu 454301 Mangochi 454302 Machinga 454303 Zomba, Zomba City 454304 Chiradzulu 454305 Blantyre, Blantyre City 454306 Mwanza, Neno 454307 Thyolo 454308 Mulanje 454309 Phalombe 454310 Chikwawa 454311 Nsanje 454312 Balaka Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Malawi, District 1998 [Level 1, GIS] GEO1_MW1998 identifies the household's district within Malawi in 1998. Districts are the first level administrative units of the country. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_MW1998 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Malawi can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. 101 Chitipa 102 Karonga 103 Nkhata Bay, Likoma 104 Rumphi 105 Mzimba 201 Kasungu 202 Nkhota Kota 203 Ntchisi 204 Dowa 205 Salima 206 Lilongwe 207 Mchinji 208 Dedza 209 Ntcheu 301 Mangochi 302 Machinga 303 Zomba 304 Chiradzulu 305 Blantyre 306 Mwanza 307 Thyolo 308 Mulanje 309 Phalombe 310 Chikwawa 311 Nsanje 312 Balaka Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Malawi, Traditional Authority 1987 - 2018 [Level 2; consistent boundaries, GIS] GEO2_MW identifies the household's Traditional Authority (TA) within Malawi in all sample years. Traditional Authorities (TAs) are the second level administrative units of the country, after districts. GEO2_MW is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years. Some detail is lost in harmonization; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2_MW can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Malawi can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. 454101001 Chitipa Boma, STA Bulambya Songwe, TA Mwabulambya 454101002 STA Lwangwa, TA Mwenemisuku 454101003 STA Nthengatenga, STA Wavikaza, TA Nthalire, Nyika National Park - Chitipa 454101004 TA Kameme 454101005 TA Mwenewenya 454102001 Karonga Town 454102002 TA Kilupula 454102003 TA Kyungu 454102004 TA Mwakaboko 454102005 TA Mwirang'ombe 454102006 TA Wasambo 454102007 Nyika National Park - Karonga 454103001 Likoma Boma, TA Mkumpha, TA Mankhambira 454103002 Nkhatabay Boma, TA Mkumbira 454103003 STA Kondowe, STA Nyaluwanga, TA Boghoyo, TA M'bwana 454103004 TA Fukamalaza, TA Malanda, TA Malenga Mzoma 454103005 TA Fukamapiri 454103006 TA Kabunduli, TA Zilakoma 454103007 TA Timbiri 454104001 STA Kachulu, TA Mwalweni, Nyika National Park - Rumphi 454104002 Rumphi Boma 454104003 STA Chapinduka, STA Njikula, TA Mwamlowe, TA Mwankhunikira 454104004 STA Chisovya, STA Zolokere, TA Chikulamayembe, TA Katumbi, TA Mwahenga, Vwaza Marsh Reserve 454105001 Mzimba Boma 454105002 TA Levi Jere, TA Mabulabo 454105003 TA Chindi 454105004 TA Jaravikuba Munthali, TA Mtwalo 454105005 TA Kampingo Sibande 454105006 TA Khosolo Gwaza Jere 454105007 TA M'Mbelwa 454105008 TA Mpherembe, Vwaza Marsh Reserve 454105009 TA Mzikubola 454105010 TA Mzukuzuku 454105011 Mzuzu City 454201001 Kasungu Boma 454201002 STA Nthunduwala, TA Kawamba, Kasungu National Park 454201003 STA Chaima, TA Chidzuma, TA Santhe 454201004 STA Chambwe, TA Chilowamatambe 454201005 STA Chisikwa, TA Chisemphere, TA Kaluluma 454201006 STA Chisinga, STA Mphomwa, TA Chulu 454201007 STA Kapichira, STA Mdunga, TA Kapelula 454201008 STA M'nyanja 454201009 STA Mangwazu, STA Mawawa, TA Kaphaizi, TA Lukwa, TA Mwase 454201010 TA Kaomba 454201011 TA Njombwa 454201012 TA Simlemba 454201013 TA Wimbe 454202001 Nkhotakota Boma 454202002 TA Mwansambo, Nkhotakota Game Reserve 454202003 STA Kalimanjira, TA Malenga Chanzi 454202004 TA Kafuzila 454202005 TA Kanyenda 454202006 TA Mphonde 454202007 TA Mwadzama 454203001 Ntchisi Boma, TA Kalumo, TA Malenga 454203002 TA Chikho, TA Vuso Jere 454203003 TA Chilooko 454203004 TA Kasakula, TA Nthondo 454204001 Dowa Boma, TA Mkukula 454204002 Mponela Urban, TA Mponela 454204003 TA Chakhaza 454204004 TA Chiwere 454204005 TA Dzoole 454204006 TA Kayembe 454204007 TA Msakambewa 454205001 Chipoka Urban, TA Ndindi 454205002 Salima Town 454205003 TA Kambalame 454205004 TA Kambwiri 454205005 TA Karonga, TA Kuluunda 454205006 TA Khombedza, TA Msosa 454205007 TA Maganga 454205008 TA Mwanza 454205009 TA Pemba, Lake Malawi National Park - Salina 454206001 STA Chitekwele 454206002 STA Mbang'ombe, TA Chitukula 454206003 TA Chadza 454206004 All households 454206005 TA Chiseka, TA Masula, TA Masumbankhunda 454206006 TA Kabudula 454206007 TA Kalolo 454206008 TA Kalumba 454206009 TA Kalumbu 454206010 TA Khongoni 454206011 TA Malili 454206012 TA Mazengera 454206013 TA Mtema 454206014 TA Njewa 454206015 TA Tsabango 454206016 Lilongwe City 454207001 Mchinji Boma 454207002 STA Gumba, STA Kapunula, STA Pitala, TA Kazyozyo, TA Mkanda 454207003 STA Nyoka, TA Mduwa 454207004 TA Dambe, TA Kapondo 454207005 TA Mavwere 454207006 TA Mlonyeni 454207007 TA Simphasi, TA Zulu 454208001 Dedza Boma 454208002 TA Chauma 454208003 TA Chilikumwendo 454208004 TA Kachere 454208005 TA Kachindamoto 454208006 TA Kamenya Gwaza 454208007 TA Kaphuka 454208008 TA Kasumbu 454208009 TA Tambala 454209001 Ntcheu Boma 454209002 STA Mkutumula, TA Makwangwala 454209003 STA Tsikulamowa, TA Phambala 454209004 TA Chakhumbira 454209005 TA Champiti 454209006 TA Goodson Ganya 454209007 TA Kwataine 454209008 TA Masasa 454209009 TA Mpando 454209010 TA Njolomole 454301001 TA Mponda, TA Nankumba, Monkey Bay Urban, Lake Malawi National Park - Mangochi 454301002 Mangochi Town 454301003 STA Chiunda, TA Chowe 454301004 STA Lulanga, TA Makanjila 454301005 STA Ntonda, TA Chilipa, TA Chimwala 454301006 TA Jalasi 454301007 TA Katuli 454301008 TA Mbwana Nyambi 454301009 TA Namabvi 454302001 Liwonde Town 454302002 STA Nsanama, TA Liwonde, Liwonde National Park 454302003 Machinga Boma, TA Nkula, TA Sitola 454302004 STA Chesale, TA Nyambi 454302005 STA Nchinguza, TA Kawinga, TA Nkoola 454302006 TA Chamba 454302007 TA Chikweo 454302008 TA Chiwalo, TA Kapoloma 454302009 TA Mlomba 454302010 TA Mposa 454302011 TA Ngokwe 454303001 STA Ngwelero, STA Ntholowa, TA Mbiza 454303002 STA Nkagula, TA Kuntumanji, TA Mkumbira 454303003 STA Nkapita, TA Mlumbe 454303004 TA Chikowi 454303005 TA Malemia 454303006 TA Mwambo 454303007 Zomba City 454304001 Chiradzulu Boma, STA Onga, TA Mpama 454304002 STA Mpunga, TA Kadewere 454304003 STA Sandareki, TA Nchema 454304004 TA Chitera 454304005 TA Likoswe 454304006 TA Nkalo 454305001 TA Chigaru 454305002 TA Kapeni 454305003 TA Kuntaja 454305004 TA Kunthembwe 454305005 TA Lundu, Makata 454305006 TA Machinjiri 454305008 TA Somba 454305009 Blantyre City 454306001 Mwanza Boma, STA Govati, TA Nthache 454306002 TA Kanduku 454306003 Neno Boma, TA Chekucheku 454306004 TA Dambe 454306005 TA Mlauli, Majete Game Reserve - Neno 454306006 TA Symon Likongwe 454307001 Luchenza Town, STA Boyidi, TA Chimaliro, TA Nanseta, TA Ngolongoliwa 454307002 STA Mbawela 454307003 STA Thukuta 454307004 TA Bvumbwe 454307005 TA Changata 454307006 TA Kapichi 454307007 TA Kwethemule 454307008 TA Mphuka 454307009 TA Nchilamwela, Thyolo Boma 454307010 TA Nsabwe 454307011 TA Thomas 454308001 Mulanje Boma, TA Chikumbu 454308002 TA Nkanda, Mulanje Mountain Reserve 454308003 STA Sunganinzeru, STA Tombondiya, TA Mabuka 454308004 TA Juma 454308005 TA Laston Njema 454308006 TA Nthiramanja 454309001 Phalombe Boma, TA Jenala, TA Kaduya, TA Mkhumba 454309002 TA Chiwalo, TA Nazombe, TA Nkhulambe 454310001 Chikwawa Boma, TA Katunga 454310002 STA Ndakwela, TA Chapananga, Lengwe National Park 454310003 TA Kasisi, TA Mlilima, Majete Game Reserve 454310004 Ngabu Urban, STA Masache, TA Ngabu, TA Ngowe 454310005 TA Lundu 454310006 TA Makhwira 454310007 TA Maseya 454311001 TA Tengani, Mwabvi Game Reserve 454311002 Nsanje Boma 454311003 TA Chimombo, TA Ngabu 454311004 TA Makoko, TA Ndamera, TA Nyachikadza 454311005 TA Malemia 454311006 TA Mbenje 454311007 TA Mlolo 454312001 Balaka Town 454312002 STA Kachenga, TA Amidu, TA Kalembo 454312003 STA Matola, STA Phalula, STA Toleza, TA Chanthunya, TA Msamala, TA Nkaya, TA Sawali 454888888 Lake Malombe Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Malawi, Traditional Authority 1998 [Level 2, GIS] GEO2_MW1998 identifies the household's Traditional Authority (TA) within Malawi in 1998. Traditional Authorities (TAs) are the second level administrative units of the country, after districts. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2_MW1998 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Malawi can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. 101001 Mwabulambya, Kameme, Chitipa Boma 101002 Mwenemisuku, Mwenewenya 101004 Nthalire, Nyika National Park (B) 102001 Kilupula 102002 STA Mwakaboko 102003 Kyungu 102004 Wasambo 102005 STA Mwirang'ombe 102020 Karonga Town 102099 Nyika National Park - Karonga 103001 Kabunduli, STA Zilakoma 103004 STA Malanda, Fukamapiri, Malenga Mzoma, STA Fukamalaza 103006 Mankhambira, Mkumpa 103008 STA Mkumbira, Nkhata Bay Boma 103009 Musisya, Nyaluwanga, STA Mkondowe, Boghoyo 103012 Timbiri 104001 Chikulamayembe, STA Mwahenga, Rumphi Boma, Katumbi, Zolokere, Vwaza Marsh Game Reserve 104004 STA Mwalweni, STA Kachulu, Nyika National Park (A) 104007 STA Mwankhunikira, Mwamlowe, STA Chapinduka 105001 M'mbelwa 105002 Mtwalo, STA Jaravikuba Munthali 105003 STA Kampingo Sibande 105005 Chindi 105006 Mzikubola, Mzimba Boma 105007 Mabulabo 105008 STA Khosolo Gwaza 105009 Mpherembe, Vwaza Marsh Game Reserve 105010 Mzukuzuku 105032 Lupaso Ward, Zolozolo Ward, Nkhorongo Ward 105034 Chiputula Ward 105035 Chibanja Ward, Kaning'ina Ward, Katawa Ward, Muzilawayingwe Ward, Jombo Ward, Chasefu Ward, Masasa Ward 105036 Mchengautuwa Ward 105044 Viphya Ward, New Airport Site Ward, Katoto Ward, Msongwe Ward 201001 Kaluluma, STA Chisikwa 201002 STA Simlemba 201003 STA M'nyanja 201005 Kaomba 201006 Lukwa 201007 STA Kawamba, Kasungu National Park 201008 STA Njombwa 201009 STA Chilowamatambe 201010 Chulu 201011 Santhe 201012 Wimbe 201013 Kapelula 201014 Mwase 201020 Kasungu Township 202001 Kanyenda, STA Kafuzila 202003 Malenga Chanzi 202004 STA Mphonde 202005 Mwadzama 202006 STA Mwansambo, Nkhota Kota Game Reserve 202020 Nkhota Kota Boma 203002 Chikho 203003 Kalumo, Ntchisi Boma 203004 STA Nthondo, Kasakula 203005 STA Chilooko 204001 Dzoole 204002 STA Chakhaza 204003 STA Kayembe 204004 Chiwere 204005 Mkukula, Dowa Boma 204006 Msakambewa 204007 STA Mponela, Mponela Urban 205001 Maganga 205002 Karonga, Kuluunda 205003 Pemba, Lake Malawi National Park 205004 STA Kambwiri 205005 Ndindi, STA Kambalame, Chipoka Urban 205007 Khombedza, STA Mwanza, STA Msosa 205020 Salima Township 206001 Chadza 206002 Kalolo 206003 Chiseka 206004 Mazengera 206005 STA Chitekwele 206006 Khongoni 206007 Chimutu 206008 Chitukula 206009 STA Mtema 206010 Kalumbu 206011 Tsabango 206012 Kalumba 206013 STA Njewa 206014 Malili 206015 Kabudula 206031 Lilongwe City Areas 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 15 206034 Lilongwe City Area 4 206037 Lilongwe City Area 7 206038 Lilongwe City Area 8 206040 Lilongwe City Areas 10, 11, 12, 14, 32, 33, 35, 43, 44 206043 Lilongwe City Area 13 206046 Lilongwe City Area 16 206047 Lilongwe City Area 17 206048 Lilongwe City Areas 18, 28, 30, 51 206049 Lilongwe City Area 19 206050 Lilongwe City Area 20 206051 Lilongwe City Area 21 206052 Lilongwe City Area 22 206053 Lilongwe City Area 23 206054 Lilongwe City Areas 24, 36, 38 206055 Lilongwe City Area 25, 26, 27, 29, 39, 54 206061 Lilongwe City Area 31 206064 Lilongwe City Area 34 206067 Lilongwe City Area 37 206070 Lilongwe City Area 40 206071 Lilongwe City Area 41 206072 Lilongwe City Area 42 206075 Lilongwe City Areas 45, 46, 57 206077 Lilongwe City Areas 47, 56 206078 Lilongwe City Area 48 206079 Lilongwe City Area 49, 50 206082 Lilongwe City Areas 52, 53, 55 206088 Lilongwe City Area 58 207001 Mlonyeni, Mchinji Boma 207002 STA Mavwere 207003 Zulu 207004 STA Mduwa 207005 Mkanda 207006 STA Dambe 208001 Pemba 208002 STA Chilikumwendo 208003 Kaphuka 208004 Tambala 208005 STA Chauma 208006 Kasumbu 208007 Kachindamoto 208008 STA Kamenya Gwaza 208020 Dedza Township 209001 Phambala 209002 Mpando 209003 Kwataine, Champiti, Ntcheu Boma 209004 Makwangwala 209006 Njolomole 209007 Chakhumbira 209008 Goodson Ganya 209009 Masasa 301001 Mponda 301002 Chimwala 301003 Nankumba, Monkey Bay Urban 301004 Jalasi 301005 STA Mbwana Nyambi 301006 Chowe 301007 Katuli 301008 Makanjila 301009 STA Namabvi 301011 Lake Malawi National Park 301020 Mangochi Boma 302001 Liwonde, STA Chiwalo, Liwonde National Park (A) 302002 Sitola, Machinga Boma 302003 Kawinga 302004 Chamba 302005 STA Mposa 302006 STA Mlomba 302007 STA Chikweo 302008 STA Ngokwe 302010 Nyambi 302021 Liwonde Township 303001 Kuntumanji, Mkumbira 303002 Mwambo 303004 Chikowi 303005 STA Mbiza 303006 Mlumbe 303007 Malemia 303032 Mtiya Ward, Zakazaka Ward, Chambo Ward, Mbedza Ward, Zomba Central Ward 303035 Chikamveka North Ward, Chirunga East Ward, Chikamveka Ward, Masongola Ward, Chirunga Ward 303038 Likangala North Ward, Sadzi Ward, Likangala Central Ward, Likangala South Ward 304001 Mpama, Chiradzulu Boma 304002 Likoswe 304003 Kadewere 304004 Nkalo 304005 Chitera 304006 Nchema 305001 Kapeni 305002 Lundu, Makata 305003 Chigeru 305004 Kunthembwe 305006 Kuntaja 305007 Machinjili 305008 Somba 305031 Michiru Ward 305032 South Lunzu Ward 305033 Mapanga Ward 305034 Nkolokoti 305035 Ndirande North Ward 305036 Ndirande South Ward 305037 Ndirande West Ward, Nyambadwe Ward 305039 Likhubula Ward 305040 Chilomoni Ward 305041 Blantyre West Ward, Nancholi Ward 305046 Bangwe Ward, Mzedi Ward 305048 Limbe East Ward, Limbe Central Ward 305050 Limbe West Ward, Chichiri Ward 305051 Soche East Ward, Blantyre Central Ward, Blantyre East Ward 305052 Soche West Ward 305054 Misesa Ward 305055 Chigumula Ward, Namiyango Ward, Msamba Ward 306001 Dambe, Ngozi 306002 Mlauli, Majete Game Reserve - Neno 306003 Kanduku 306004 Nthache, Mwanza Boma 306005 Symon 307001 Nsabwe, STA Thukuta 307003 STA Mbawela 307004 Changata 307005 STA Mphuka 307006 STA Kwethemule 307007 Kapichi 307008 Nchilamwela, Thyolo Boma 307009 Chimaliro, Luchenza Township 307010 Bvumbwe 307011 Thomas 308001 Mabuka 308002 Laston Njema 308003 Chikumbu, Mulanje Boma 308004 Nthiramanja 308005 Nkanda, Mulanje Mountain 308006 Juma 309001 Mkhumba, Phalombe Boma 309002 Nazombe 310001 Ngabu, Ngabu Urban 310002 Lundu 310003 Chapananga, Lengwe National Park 310004 Maseya 310005 Katunga, Chikwawa Boma 310006 Kasisi, Majete Game Reserve 310007 Mankhwira 311001 Ndamera, STA Makoko, Nyachikadza 311004 Mlolo 311005 Tengani, Mwabvi Game Reserve 311006 STA Mbenje 311007 Malemia 311008 Ngabu, Chimombo 311020 Nsanje Boma 312001 Msamala, Balaka Town 312002 Kalembo 888888 Lake Malombe {0} Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD DHS-IPUMS-I Malawi regions, 1987-2018 [consistent boundaries, GIS] DHS_IPUMSI_MW provides geographic codes for Malawi that match those in the DHS and IPUMS-International databases. This variable can be used to link contextual area data from IPUMS-DHS to IPUMS-International or vice versa. The codes in DHS_IPUMSI_MW indicate the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated or surveyed. GIS shapefiles for Malawi can be downloaded here. 1 Northern 2 Central 3 Southern Geography: IPUMS-I, IPUMS-DHS Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Ownership of dwelling [general version] OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned 2 Not owned 9 Unknown Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Ownership of dwelling [detailed version] OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Owned 110 Owned, already paid 120 Owned, still paying 130 Owned, constructed 140 Owned, inherited 190 Owned, other 191 Owned, house 192 Owned, condominium 193 Apartment proprietor 194 Shared ownership 200 Not owned 210 Renting, not specified 211 Renting, government 212 Renting, local authority 213 Renting, parastatal 214 Renting, private 215 Renting, private company 216 Renting, individual 217 Renting, collective 218 Renting, joint state and individual 219 Renting, public subsidized 220 Renting, private subsidized 221 Renting, co-tenant 222 Renting, relative of tenant 223 Renting, cooperative 224 Renting, with a job or business 225 Renting, loan-backed habitation 226 Renting, mixed contract 227 Furnished dwelling 228 Sharecropping 230 Subletting 231 Rent to own 239 Renting, other 240 Occupied de facto/squatting 250 Free/usufruct (no cash rent) 251 Free, provided by employer 252 Free, without work or services 253 Free, provided by family or friend 254 Free, private 255 Free, public 256 Free, condemned 257 Free, other 260 Endowment, Waqf (Egypt historical) 290 Not owned, other 999 Unknown Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Electricity ELECTRIC indicates whether the household had access to electricity. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Water supply WATSUP describes the physical means by which the housing unit receives its water. The primary distinction is whether or not the household had piped (running) water. 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Yes, piped water 11 Piped inside dwelling 12 Piped, exclusively to this household 13 Piped, shared with other households 14 Piped outside the dwelling 15 Piped outside dwelling, in building 16 Piped within the building or plot of land 17 Piped outside the building or lot 18 Have access to public piped water 20 No piped water 99 Unknown Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Cooking fuel FUELCOOK indicates the predominant type of fuel or energy used for cooking. 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 None 20 Electricity 30 Petroleum gas, unspecified 31 Gas -- piped/utility 32 Gas -- tanked or bottled 33 Propane 34 Liquefied petroleum gas 35 Gas -- piped and bottled 40 Petroleum liquid 41 Oil, kerosene, and other liquid fuels 42 Kerosene/paraffin 43 Kerosene or oil 44 Kerosene or gasoline 45 Gasoline 46 Cocinol 47 Diesel 50 Wood, coal, and other solid fuels 51 Wood and other plant fuels 52 Non-wood plant materials 53 Coal or charcoal 54 Charcoal 55 Coal 56 Wood or charcoal 60 Multiple fuels 61 Bottled gas and wood 62 Propane and electricity 63 Propane, kerosene, and electricity 64 Propane and kerosene 65 Kerosene and electrictiy 66 Other combinations 70 Other 71 Alcohol 72 Biogas 73 Discarded or waste material 74 Dung/manure 75 Other combined organic waste materials 76 Solar energy 77 Candle 99 Unknown/missing Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Radio in household RADIO indicates whether the household had a radio. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of rooms ROOMS indicates the number of rooms occupied by the housing unit. 00 Part of a room; no rooms 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Toilet TOILET indicates whether the household had access to a toilet and, in most cases, whether it was a flush toilet or other type of installation. 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No toilet 11 No flush toilet 20 Have toilet, type not specified 21 Flush toilet 22 Non-flush, latrine 23 Non-flush, other and unspecified 99 Unknown Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of deaths in household last year MORTNUM indicates the number of deaths in the household in the past year. 0 None 1 1 death 2 2 deaths 3 3 deaths 4 4 deaths 5 5 deaths 6 6 deaths 7 7 or more deaths 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Any deaths in household last year ANYMORT indicates whether there were any deaths in the household in the past year. 1 Yes 2 No 8 Unknown/missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household classification HHTYPE is a constructed variable that describes the composition of households. HHTYPE is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head), from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father), and from information on group quarters status, GQ. 00 Vacant household 01 One-person household 02 Married/cohab couple, no children 03 Married/cohab couple with children 04 Single-parent family 05 Polygamous family 06 Extended family, relatives only 07 Composite household, family and non-relatives 08 Non-family household 09 Unclassified subfamily 10 Other relative or non-relative household 11 Group quarters 99 Unclassifiable Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of families in household NFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. Family membership is defined by FAMUNIT. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and a domestic employee contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multi-generation extended family with no persons unrelated to the head counts as a single family. NFAMS is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). See those variable descriptions for more detail. 0 Vacant household 1 1 family 2 2 families 3 3 families 4 4 families 5 5 families 6 6 families 7 7 families 8 8 families 9 9 or more families Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of married couples in household NCOUPLES is a constructed variable indicating the number of married/in-union couples within a household. NCOUPLES is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable SPLOC (spouse's location in the household). 0 No married couples in household 1 1 couple 2 2 couples 3 3 couples 4 4 couples 5 5 couples 6 6 couples 7 7 couples 8 8 couples 9 9 or more couples Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of mothers in household NMOTHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of mothers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NMOTHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable MOMLOC (mother's location in the household). 0 No mothers in household 1 1 mother 2 2 mothers 3 3 mothers 4 4 mothers 5 5 mothers 6 6 mothers 7 7 mothers 8 8 mothers 9 9 or more mothers in household Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of fathers in household NFATHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of fathers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NFATHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable POPLOC (father's location in the household). 0 No fathers in household 1 1 father 2 2 fathers 3 3 fathers 4 4 fathers 5 5 fathers 6 6 fathers 7 7 fathers 8 8 fathers 9 9 or more fathers in household Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Head's location in household HEADLOC gives the person number (PERNUM) of the head of household in samples in which persons are organized into households. HEADLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Dwelling number Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates the dwelling number. This is a 7-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Number of persons in household Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates the number of persons in the household. 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 080 80 082 82 083 83 084 84 086 86 087 87 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 094 94 098 98 099 99 100 100 Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Dwelling created by splitting apart a large dwelling or household Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates if the dwelling is created by splitting apart a large dwelling or household. 0 No problem 1 Yes: households within a large dwelling were split apart into separate dwellings 2 Yes: persons within a large household were split apart into separate dwellings Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Urban-rural status Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates the urban or rural status of the area where the dwelling is located. 1 Rural 2 Urban Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Dwelling units <svar v="MW98A020 MW98A021 MW98A022 MW98A023 MW98A024 MW98A025 MW98A026" a="all"><span class="h3">Part A: Identification</span><br />A1. Region _<br />A2. District _ _ _<br />A3. Traditional authority (TA), sub-traditional authority (STA), or town _ _ _ _ _<br />A4. Enumeration area _ _ _<br />A5. Village or place _ _ _<br />A6. Household number _ _ _<br />A7. Number of dwelling units to household _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A026 MW98A400"><span class="em">4.5 Dwelling Unit (DU):</span> It may be defined as any structure, permanent or temporary, where people sleep. It may be hut, a house, a store with a sleeping room or rooms at the back or sides, a shelter of reeds/straw such as those used by fishermen, or any other structure where people sleep.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A020 MW98A021 MW98A022 MW98A023 MW98A024 MW98A025 MW98A026"><span class="h3">Part A: Identification</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A026" a="all"><span class="em">A7. Number of Dwelling Units (DUs) to a household:</span> Fill in the total number of DUs for the households in the boxes in A7. Note: If you are enumerating in open places the boxes in A7 will be left blank. However, if the institution you are enumerating has blocks such as hospital wards, school dormitories, college hostels, etc., you may, for convenience, consider each block as a DU.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates the number of dwelling units of the household. 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9+ Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Structure of 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064" a="all">D2. Type of structure<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Permanent<br />[] 2 Semi-permanent<br />[] 3 Traditional</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064"><span class="em">4.8 Structure:</span> It is defined here as any unit of construction which has four walls or an all-round wall, a roof and at least one door, irrespective of the type of construction materials used.<br /><span class="em">4.9 Permanent structure:</span> A permanent structure is one having a roof made of iron sheets, tiles, concrete or asbestos, and walls made of burnt bricks, concrete or stones.<br /><span class="em">4.10 Semi-permanent structure:</span> A semi-permanent structure is one lacking one of the construction materials of a permanent structure for wall or roof.<br /><span class="em">4.11 Traditional structure:</span> A traditional structure is one having thatched roof with mud walls, or walls made of mud and wattle.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064" a="all"><span class="em">Structure:</span> A structure is a defined as "any unit of construction that has four walls or an all-round wall, a roof and at least one door irrespective of the type of construction materials used". Buildings, caravans, tents, and tinned houses are some examples of structures. Based on the materials used for construction of walls and roof, the structures in this Census are classified into three major groups: permanent, semi- permanent and traditional.<br />i.) Permanent structure:<br />A permanent structure is one having a roof made of iron sheets, tiles, concrete or asbestos, and walls made of burnt bricks, concrete or stones. Examples include a house made of stone walls and corrugated iron sheets, a shop with burnt bricks and concrete roof, a house with concrete walls and asbestos roofing, caravans and tinned houses.<br />Note: A structure with stone walls, burnt bricks or concrete with a corrugated iron roof which is covered with tiles should be taken as permanent (the titles should be considered as finishing or decoration).<br />ii.) Semi-permanent structure:<br />A semi-permanent structure is one lacking the construction materials of a permanent structure for wall and roof. This category includes, for example, structures which have iron sheet roofing and sun-dried bricks or burnt bricks walls with a thatched roof. It also includes tents.<br />iii.) Traditional structure:<br />A traditional structure is one having a thatched roof with mud walls, or walls made of mud and wattle.<br /><span class="em">D2. Type of structure:</span> Ask the respondent for the materials used for construction of the structure and enter the appropriate code in column D2.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the structure of the first dwelling of the household. 1 Permanent 2 Semi-permanent 3 Traditional 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Rooms in 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065" a="all">D3. Number of rooms (exclude bathrooms, toilets, storerooms, and garage) _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065"><span class="em">4.6 Room:</span> It is defined as a partition or part of a DU enclosed by four walls or an all-round wall, a floor and a roof. Note that a DU that has no partitions is considered as having one room.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065" a="all"><span class="em">D3. Number of rooms:</span> Ask the respondent how many rooms there are in the dwelling unit and record the total number of rooms in column D3. The number of rooms should include sitting rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, and a kitchen even if it is a separate room detached from the main structure. You should, however, not count bathrooms, toilets, storerooms and garages as rooms of the dwelling unit, even if they are inside the structure.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the number of rooms in the first dwelling of the household. 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Tenure of 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A030 MW98A042 MW98A054 MW98A066" a="all">D4. Tenure<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Owner/family occupied<br />[] 2 Rented<br />[] 3 Other</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A030 MW98A042 MW98A054 MW98A066" a="all"><span class="em">D4. Tenure:</span> Ask the respondent whether the dwelling unit is being occupied by the individual/family who owns it, whether it is being rented or is of other tenancy status.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the tenure status of the first dwelling. 1 Owner/family occupied 2 Rented 3 Other 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Source of drinking water in wet season, 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068">What is the main source of drinking water?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A043 MW98A055 MW98A067" a="all"><div class="i1">D5. Wet season</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Piped inside dwelling unit<br />[] 02 Piped outside dwelling unit<br />[] 03 Communal stand pipe<br />[] 04 Protected well<br />[] 05 Unprotected well<br />[] 06 Borehole<br />[] 07 Spring<br />[] 08 Stream/river<br />[] 09 Lake/dam<br />[] 10 Rainwater</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068" a="all"><span class="em">D5 and D6: Main source of drinking water:</span><br />Here you must find out from the respondent what the main source of drinking water is for the members of the dwelling unit. This should first be asked and recorded for the wet season and then similarly for the dry season.<br />Fill in the appropriate code for the main source of drinking water during the wet season in column D5 and that for the dry season in column D6. Never leave any of these spaces blank, even if the codes for wet and dry season are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the source of drinking water in wet season in the first dwelling. 01 Piped inside dwelling unit 02 Piped outside dwelling unit 03 Communal stand pipe 04 Protected well 05 Unprotected well 06 Borehole 07 Spring 08 Stream/river 09 Lake/dam 10 Rain water 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Source of drinking water in dry season, 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068">What is the main source of drinking water?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A032 MW98A044 MW98A056 MW98A068" a="all"><div class="i1">D6. Dry season</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Piped inside dwelling unit<br />[] 02 Piped outside dwelling unit<br />[] 03 Communal stand pipe<br />[] 04 Protected well<br />[] 05 Unprotected well<br />[] 06 Borehole<br />[] 07 Spring<br />[] 08 Stream/river<br />[] 09 Lake/dam<br />[] 10 Rainwater</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068" a="all"><span class="em">D5 and D6: Main source of drinking water:</span><br />Here you must find out from the respondent what the main source of drinking water is for the members of the dwelling unit. This should first be asked and recorded for the wet season and then similarly for the dry season.<br />Fill in the appropriate code for the main source of drinking water during the wet season in column D5 and that for the dry season in column D6. Never leave any of these spaces blank, even if the codes for wet and dry season are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the source of drinking water in dry season in the first dwelling. 01 Piped inside dwelling unit 02 Piped outside dwelling unit 03 Communal stand pipe 04 Protected well 05 Unprotected well 06 Borehole 07 Spring 08 Stream/river 09 Lake/dam 10 Rain water 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Toilet of 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A033 MW98A045 MW98A057 MW98A069" a="all">D7. Toilet<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Flush toilet<br />[] 2 VIP latrine<br />[] 3 Traditional pit latrine<br />[] 4 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A033 MW98A045 MW98A057 MW98A069" a="all"><span class="em">D7. Toilet:</span> Ask the respondent the type of toilet facility availability to members of the dwelling unit and record the appropriate code in column D7.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the type of toilet in the first dwelling. 1 Flush toilet 2 Ventilation Improved Pit (VIP) latrine 3 Traditional pit 4 None 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Cooking fuel of 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071">What is the main source of energy?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A046 MW98A058 MW98A070" a="all"><div class="i1">D8. Cooking</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Firewood<br />[] 2 Charcoal<br />[] 3 Electricity<br />[] 4 Paraffin<br />[] 5 Gas<br />[] 6 Candles<br />[] 7 Dung<br />[] 8 Grass<br />[] 9 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071" a="all"><span class="em">D8 and D9. Main source of energy:</span> Ask the respondent what the main source of energy is for lighting and cooking for member of the household. If there is more than one source of energy you should record only the main one (the most frequently used one).<br />You should fill the appropriate code for the main source of energy for cooking in column D8 and that for lighting in column D9. Remember that you should not leave any of these items blank, even if the codes for cooking and lighting are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the main source of cooking fuel used in the first dwelling. 01 Fire wood 02 Charcoal 03 Electricity 04 Paraffin 05 Gas 08 Grass 09 None 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Lighting of 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071">What is the main source of energy?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A035 MW98A047 MW98A059 MW98A071" a="all"><div class="i1">D9. Lighting</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Firewood<br />[] 2 Charcoal<br />[] 3 Electricity<br />[] 4 Paraffin<br />[] 5 Gas<br />[] 6 Candles<br />[] 7 Dung<br />[] 8 Grass<br />[] 9 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071" a="all"><span class="em">D8 and D9. Main source of energy:</span> Ask the respondent what the main source of energy is for lighting and cooking for member of the household. If there is more than one source of energy you should record only the main one (the most frequently used one).<br />You should fill the appropriate code for the main source of energy for cooking in column D8 and that for lighting in column D9. Remember that you should not leave any of these items blank, even if the codes for cooking and lighting are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the main source of lighting in the first dwelling. 01 Fire wood 03 Electricity 04 Paraffin 05 Gas 06 Candles 08 Grass 09 None 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Radio, 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A036 MW98A048 MW98A060 MW98A072" a="all">D10. Is there a radio in working condition in this dwelling unit?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A036 MW98A048 MW98A060 MW98A072" a="all"><span class="em">D10. Is there a radio in working condition in this DU?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit ask whether there is a radio in working condition in that dwelling unit. Record for responses in column D10.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates if the first dwelling has a radio. 1 Yes 2 No 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Bicycles, 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all">How many bicycles and oxcarts belong to persons in this dwelling unit are in working condition?<br /><div class="i1">(Enter total number in the appropriate box)<br />D11. Bicycle _ _<br />D12. Ox-cart _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all"><span class="em">D11 and D12. How many bicycles and ox-carts belonging to persons in this DU are in working condition?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit of the household, you should ask (one at a time) the number of bicycles and oxcarts that belong to person(s) in the dwelling unit. Enter the total number of bicycles in column D11 and that of oxcarts in D12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the number of bicycles owned by the household in the first dwelling. 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Oxcarts, 1st dwelling <svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all">How many bicycles and oxcarts belong to persons in this dwelling unit are in working condition?<br /><div class="i1">(Enter total number in the appropriate box)<br />D11. Bicycle _ _<br />D12. Ox-cart _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all"><span class="em">D11 and D12. How many bicycles and ox-carts belonging to persons in this DU are in working condition?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit of the household, you should ask (one at a time) the number of bicycles and oxcarts that belong to person(s) in the dwelling unit. Enter the total number of bicycles in column D11 and that of oxcarts in D12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] This variable indicates the number of oxcarts owned by the household in the first dwelling. 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4+ 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Record of 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A039 MW98A051 MW98A063" a="all">D1. Dwelling unit serial number _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A039 MW98A051 MW98A063" a="all"><span class="em">D1. Dwelling unit serial number:</span> For each dwelling unit, enter the dwelling unit serial number in column D1 as 1, 2 or 3, etc. This serial number should be the same as the one you recorded in column B1 of part B for that particular dwelling unit.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates whether the household has a second dwelling record. 1 Household has no second dwelling 2 Household has a second dwelling record Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Structure of 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064" a="all">D2. Type of structure<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Permanent<br />[] 2 Semi-permanent<br />[] 3 Traditional</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064"><span class="em">4.8 Structure:</span> It is defined here as any unit of construction which has four walls or an all-round wall, a roof and at least one door, irrespective of the type of construction materials used.<br /><span class="em">4.9 Permanent structure:</span> A permanent structure is one having a roof made of iron sheets, tiles, concrete or asbestos, and walls made of burnt bricks, concrete or stones.<br /><span class="em">4.10 Semi-permanent structure:</span> A semi-permanent structure is one lacking one of the construction materials of a permanent structure for wall or roof.<br /><span class="em">4.11 Traditional structure:</span> A traditional structure is one having thatched roof with mud walls, or walls made of mud and wattle.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064" a="all"><span class="em">Structure:</span> A structure is a defined as "any unit of construction that has four walls or an all-round wall, a roof and at least one door irrespective of the type of construction materials used". Buildings, caravans, tents, and tinned houses are some examples of structures. Based on the materials used for construction of walls and roof, the structures in this Census are classified into three major groups: permanent, semi- permanent and traditional.<br />i.) Permanent structure:<br />A permanent structure is one having a roof made of iron sheets, tiles, concrete or asbestos, and walls made of burnt bricks, concrete or stones. Examples include a house made of stone walls and corrugated iron sheets, a shop with burnt bricks and concrete roof, a house with concrete walls and asbestos roofing, caravans and tinned houses.<br />Note: A structure with stone walls, burnt bricks or concrete with a corrugated iron roof which is covered with tiles should be taken as permanent (the titles should be considered as finishing or decoration).<br />ii.) Semi-permanent structure:<br />A semi-permanent structure is one lacking the construction materials of a permanent structure for wall and roof. This category includes, for example, structures which have iron sheet roofing and sun-dried bricks or burnt bricks walls with a thatched roof. It also includes tents.<br />iii.) Traditional structure:<br />A traditional structure is one having a thatched roof with mud walls, or walls made of mud and wattle.<br /><span class="em">D2. Type of structure:</span> Ask the respondent for the materials used for construction of the structure and enter the appropriate code in column D2.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the structure of the second dwelling of the household. 1 Permanent 2 Semi-permanent 3 Traditional 9 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Rooms in 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065" a="all">D3. Number of rooms (exclude bathrooms, toilets, storerooms, and garage) _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065"><span class="em">4.6 Room:</span> It is defined as a partition or part of a DU enclosed by four walls or an all-round wall, a floor and a roof. Note that a DU that has no partitions is considered as having one room.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065" a="all"><span class="em">D3. Number of rooms:</span> Ask the respondent how many rooms there are in the dwelling unit and record the total number of rooms in column D3. The number of rooms should include sitting rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, and a kitchen even if it is a separate room detached from the main structure. You should, however, not count bathrooms, toilets, storerooms and garages as rooms of the dwelling unit, even if they are inside the structure.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of rooms in the second dwelling of the household. 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10+ 99 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Tenure of 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A030 MW98A042 MW98A054 MW98A066" a="all">D4. Tenure<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Owner/family occupied<br />[] 2 Rented<br />[] 3 Other</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A030 MW98A042 MW98A054 MW98A066" a="all"><span class="em">D4. Tenure:</span> Ask the respondent whether the dwelling unit is being occupied by the individual/family who owns it, whether it is being rented or is of other tenancy status.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the tenure status of the second dwelling. 1 Owner/family occupied 2 Rented 3 Other 9 NIU (not in universe) Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Source of drinking water in wet season, 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068">What is the main source of drinking water?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A043 MW98A055 MW98A067" a="all"><div class="i1">D5. Wet season</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Piped inside dwelling unit<br />[] 02 Piped outside dwelling unit<br />[] 03 Communal stand pipe<br />[] 04 Protected well<br />[] 05 Unprotected well<br />[] 06 Borehole<br />[] 07 Spring<br />[] 08 Stream/river<br />[] 09 Lake/dam<br />[] 10 Rainwater</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068" a="all"><span class="em">D5 and D6: Main source of drinking water:</span><br />Here you must find out from the respondent what the main source of drinking water is for the members of the dwelling unit. This should first be asked and recorded for the wet season and then similarly for the dry season.<br />Fill in the appropriate code for the main source of drinking water during the wet season in column D5 and that for the dry season in column D6. Never leave any of these spaces blank, even if the codes for wet and dry season are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the source of drinking water in wet season in the second dwelling. 01 Piped inside dwelling unit 02 Piped outside dwelling unit 03 Communal stand pipe 04 Protected well 05 Unprotected well 06 Borehole 07 Spring 08 Stream/river 09 Lake/dam 10 Rain water 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Source of drinking water in dry season, 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068">What is the main source of drinking water?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A032 MW98A044 MW98A056 MW98A068" a="all"><div class="i1">D6. Dry season</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Piped inside dwelling unit<br />[] 02 Piped outside dwelling unit<br />[] 03 Communal stand pipe<br />[] 04 Protected well<br />[] 05 Unprotected well<br />[] 06 Borehole<br />[] 07 Spring<br />[] 08 Stream/river<br />[] 09 Lake/dam<br />[] 10 Rainwater</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068" a="all"><span class="em">D5 and D6: Main source of drinking water:</span><br />Here you must find out from the respondent what the main source of drinking water is for the members of the dwelling unit. This should first be asked and recorded for the wet season and then similarly for the dry season.<br />Fill in the appropriate code for the main source of drinking water during the wet season in column D5 and that for the dry season in column D6. Never leave any of these spaces blank, even if the codes for wet and dry season are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the source of drinking water in dry season in the second dwelling. 01 Piped inside dwelling unit 02 Piped outside dwelling unit 03 Communal stand pipe 04 Protected well 05 Unprotected well 06 Borehole 07 Spring 08 Stream/river 09 Lake/dam/rain water 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Toilet of 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A033 MW98A045 MW98A057 MW98A069" a="all">D7. Toilet<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Flush toilet<br />[] 2 VIP latrine<br />[] 3 Traditional pit latrine<br />[] 4 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A033 MW98A045 MW98A057 MW98A069" a="all"><span class="em">D7. Toilet:</span> Ask the respondent the type of toilet facility availability to members of the dwelling unit and record the appropriate code in column D7.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the type of toilet in the second dwelling. 1 Flush toilet 2 Ventilation improved pit (VIP) latrine 3 Traditional pit 4 None 9 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Cooking fuel of 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071">What is the main source of energy?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A046 MW98A058 MW98A070" a="all"><div class="i1">D8. Cooking</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Firewood<br />[] 2 Charcoal<br />[] 3 Electricity<br />[] 4 Paraffin<br />[] 5 Gas<br />[] 6 Candles<br />[] 7 Dung<br />[] 8 Grass<br />[] 9 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071" a="all"><span class="em">D8 and D9. Main source of energy:</span> Ask the respondent what the main source of energy is for lighting and cooking for member of the household. If there is more than one source of energy you should record only the main one (the most frequently used one).<br />You should fill the appropriate code for the main source of energy for cooking in column D8 and that for lighting in column D9. Remember that you should not leave any of these items blank, even if the codes for cooking and lighting are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the main type of cooking fuel used in the second dwelling. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Fire wood 2 Charcoal 3 Electricity 4 Paraffin 8 Grass 9 None Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Lighting of 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071">What is the main source of energy?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A035 MW98A047 MW98A059 MW98A071" a="all"><div class="i1">D9. Lighting</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Firewood<br />[] 2 Charcoal<br />[] 3 Electricity<br />[] 4 Paraffin<br />[] 5 Gas<br />[] 6 Candles<br />[] 7 Dung<br />[] 8 Grass<br />[] 9 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071" a="all"><span class="em">D8 and D9. Main source of energy:</span> Ask the respondent what the main source of energy is for lighting and cooking for member of the household. If there is more than one source of energy you should record only the main one (the most frequently used one).<br />You should fill the appropriate code for the main source of energy for cooking in column D8 and that for lighting in column D9. Remember that you should not leave any of these items blank, even if the codes for cooking and lighting are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the main source of lighting in the second dwelling. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Fire wood 2 Charcoal 3 Electricity 4 Paraffin 5 Gas 6 Candles 8 Grass 9 None Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Radio, 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A036 MW98A048 MW98A060 MW98A072" a="all">D10. Is there a radio in working condition in this dwelling unit?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A036 MW98A048 MW98A060 MW98A072" a="all"><span class="em">D10. Is there a radio in working condition in this DU?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit ask whether there is a radio in working condition in that dwelling unit. Record for responses in column D10.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the household in the second dwelling has a radio. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Bicycles, 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all">How many bicycles and oxcarts belong to persons in this dwelling unit are in working condition?<br /><div class="i1">(Enter total number in the appropriate box)<br />D11. Bicycle _ _<br />D12. Ox-cart _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all"><span class="em">D11 and D12. How many bicycles and ox-carts belonging to persons in this DU are in working condition?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit of the household, you should ask (one at a time) the number of bicycles and oxcarts that belong to person(s) in the dwelling unit. Enter the total number of bicycles in column D11 and that of oxcarts in D12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of bicycles owned by the household in the second dwelling. 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3+ 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Oxcarts, 2nd dwelling <svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all">How many bicycles and oxcarts belong to persons in this dwelling unit are in working condition?<br /><div class="i1">(Enter total number in the appropriate box)<br />D11. Bicycle _ _<br />D12. Ox-cart _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all"><span class="em">D11 and D12. How many bicycles and ox-carts belonging to persons in this DU are in working condition?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit of the household, you should ask (one at a time) the number of bicycles and oxcarts that belong to person(s) in the dwelling unit. Enter the total number of bicycles in column D11 and that of oxcarts in D12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a second dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of oxcarts owned by the household in the second dwelling. 0 0 1 1 2 2+ 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Record of 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A039 MW98A051 MW98A063" a="all">D1. Dwelling unit serial number _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A039 MW98A051 MW98A063" a="all"><span class="em">D1. Dwelling unit serial number:</span> For each dwelling unit, enter the dwelling unit serial number in column D1 as 1, 2 or 3, etc. This serial number should be the same as the one you recorded in column B1 of part B for that particular dwelling unit.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates whether the household has a third dwelling record. 1 Household has no 3rd dwelling 2 Household has a 3rd dwelling record Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Structure of 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064" a="all">D2. Type of structure<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Permanent<br />[] 2 Semi-permanent<br />[] 3 Traditional</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064"><span class="em">4.8 Structure:</span> It is defined here as any unit of construction which has four walls or an all-round wall, a roof and at least one door, irrespective of the type of construction materials used.<br /><span class="em">4.9 Permanent structure:</span> A permanent structure is one having a roof made of iron sheets, tiles, concrete or asbestos, and walls made of burnt bricks, concrete or stones.<br /><span class="em">4.10 Semi-permanent structure:</span> A semi-permanent structure is one lacking one of the construction materials of a permanent structure for wall or roof.<br /><span class="em">4.11 Traditional structure:</span> A traditional structure is one having thatched roof with mud walls, or walls made of mud and wattle.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064" a="all"><span class="em">Structure:</span> A structure is a defined as "any unit of construction that has four walls or an all-round wall, a roof and at least one door irrespective of the type of construction materials used". Buildings, caravans, tents, and tinned houses are some examples of structures. Based on the materials used for construction of walls and roof, the structures in this Census are classified into three major groups: permanent, semi- permanent and traditional.<br />i.) Permanent structure:<br />A permanent structure is one having a roof made of iron sheets, tiles, concrete or asbestos, and walls made of burnt bricks, concrete or stones. Examples include a house made of stone walls and corrugated iron sheets, a shop with burnt bricks and concrete roof, a house with concrete walls and asbestos roofing, caravans and tinned houses.<br />Note: A structure with stone walls, burnt bricks or concrete with a corrugated iron roof which is covered with tiles should be taken as permanent (the titles should be considered as finishing or decoration).<br />ii.) Semi-permanent structure:<br />A semi-permanent structure is one lacking the construction materials of a permanent structure for wall and roof. This category includes, for example, structures which have iron sheet roofing and sun-dried bricks or burnt bricks walls with a thatched roof. It also includes tents.<br />iii.) Traditional structure:<br />A traditional structure is one having a thatched roof with mud walls, or walls made of mud and wattle.<br /><span class="em">D2. Type of structure:</span> Ask the respondent for the materials used for construction of the structure and enter the appropriate code in column D2.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the structure of the third dwelling. 1 Permanent 2 Semi-permanent 3 Traditional 9 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Rooms in 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065" a="all">D3. Number of rooms (exclude bathrooms, toilets, storerooms, and garage) _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065"><span class="em">4.6 Room:</span> It is defined as a partition or part of a DU enclosed by four walls or an all-round wall, a floor and a roof. Note that a DU that has no partitions is considered as having one room.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065" a="all"><span class="em">D3. Number of rooms:</span> Ask the respondent how many rooms there are in the dwelling unit and record the total number of rooms in column D3. The number of rooms should include sitting rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, and a kitchen even if it is a separate room detached from the main structure. You should, however, not count bathrooms, toilets, storerooms and garages as rooms of the dwelling unit, even if they are inside the structure.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of rooms in the third dwelling of the household. 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6+ 99 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Tenure of 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A030 MW98A042 MW98A054 MW98A066" a="all">D4. Tenure<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Owner/family occupied<br />[] 2 Rented<br />[] 3 Other</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A030 MW98A042 MW98A054 MW98A066" a="all"><span class="em">D4. Tenure:</span> Ask the respondent whether the dwelling unit is being occupied by the individual/family who owns it, whether it is being rented or is of other tenancy status.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the tenure status of the third dwelling. 1 Owner/family occupied 2 Rented 3 Other 9 NIU (not in universe) Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Source of drinking water in wet season, 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068">What is the main source of drinking water?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A043 MW98A055 MW98A067" a="all"><div class="i1">D5. Wet season</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Piped inside dwelling unit<br />[] 02 Piped outside dwelling unit<br />[] 03 Communal stand pipe<br />[] 04 Protected well<br />[] 05 Unprotected well<br />[] 06 Borehole<br />[] 07 Spring<br />[] 08 Stream/river<br />[] 09 Lake/dam<br />[] 10 Rainwater</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068" a="all"><span class="em">D5 and D6: Main source of drinking water:</span><br />Here you must find out from the respondent what the main source of drinking water is for the members of the dwelling unit. This should first be asked and recorded for the wet season and then similarly for the dry season.<br />Fill in the appropriate code for the main source of drinking water during the wet season in column D5 and that for the dry season in column D6. Never leave any of these spaces blank, even if the codes for wet and dry season are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the source of drinking water in wet season in the third dwelling. 01 Piped inside dwelling unit 02 Piped outside dwelling unit 03 Communal stand pipe 04 Protected well 05 Unprotected well 06 Borehole 07 Spring 08 Stream/river 09 Lake/dam/rain water 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Source of drinking water in dry season, 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068">What is the main source of drinking water?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A032 MW98A044 MW98A056 MW98A068" a="all"><div class="i1">D6. Dry season</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Piped inside dwelling unit<br />[] 02 Piped outside dwelling unit<br />[] 03 Communal stand pipe<br />[] 04 Protected well<br />[] 05 Unprotected well<br />[] 06 Borehole<br />[] 07 Spring<br />[] 08 Stream/river<br />[] 09 Lake/dam<br />[] 10 Rainwater</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068" a="all"><span class="em">D5 and D6: Main source of drinking water:</span><br />Here you must find out from the respondent what the main source of drinking water is for the members of the dwelling unit. This should first be asked and recorded for the wet season and then similarly for the dry season.<br />Fill in the appropriate code for the main source of drinking water during the wet season in column D5 and that for the dry season in column D6. Never leave any of these spaces blank, even if the codes for wet and dry season are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the source of drinking water in dry season in the third dwelling. 01 Piped inside dwelling unit 02 Piped outside dwelling unit 03 Communal stand pipe 04 Protected well 05 Unprotected well 06 Borehole 07 Spring 08 Stream/river 09 Lake/dam/rain water 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Toilet of 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A033 MW98A045 MW98A057 MW98A069" a="all">D7. Toilet<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Flush toilet<br />[] 2 VIP latrine<br />[] 3 Traditional pit latrine<br />[] 4 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A033 MW98A045 MW98A057 MW98A069" a="all"><span class="em">D7. Toilet:</span> Ask the respondent the type of toilet facility availability to members of the dwelling unit and record the appropriate code in column D7.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the type of toilet in the third dwelling. 1 Flush toilet 2 Ventilation improved pit (VIP) latrine 3 Traditional pit 4 None 9 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Cooking fuel of 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071">What is the main source of energy?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A046 MW98A058 MW98A070" a="all"><div class="i1">D8. Cooking</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Firewood<br />[] 2 Charcoal<br />[] 3 Electricity<br />[] 4 Paraffin<br />[] 5 Gas<br />[] 6 Candles<br />[] 7 Dung<br />[] 8 Grass<br />[] 9 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071" a="all"><span class="em">D8 and D9. Main source of energy:</span> Ask the respondent what the main source of energy is for lighting and cooking for member of the household. If there is more than one source of energy you should record only the main one (the most frequently used one).<br />You should fill the appropriate code for the main source of energy for cooking in column D8 and that for lighting in column D9. Remember that you should not leave any of these items blank, even if the codes for cooking and lighting are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the cooking fuel in the third dwelling. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Fire wood 2 Charcoal 3 Electricity 4 Paraffin 7 Grass 8 Other 9 None Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Lighting of 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071">What is the main source of energy?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A035 MW98A047 MW98A059 MW98A071" a="all"><div class="i1">D9. Lighting</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Firewood<br />[] 2 Charcoal<br />[] 3 Electricity<br />[] 4 Paraffin<br />[] 5 Gas<br />[] 6 Candles<br />[] 7 Dung<br />[] 8 Grass<br />[] 9 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071" a="all"><span class="em">D8 and D9. Main source of energy:</span> Ask the respondent what the main source of energy is for lighting and cooking for member of the household. If there is more than one source of energy you should record only the main one (the most frequently used one).<br />You should fill the appropriate code for the main source of energy for cooking in column D8 and that for lighting in column D9. Remember that you should not leave any of these items blank, even if the codes for cooking and lighting are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the main source of lighting in the third dwelling. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Fire wood 3 Electricity 4 Paraffin 6 Candles 7 Grass 8 Other 9 None Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Radio, 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A036 MW98A048 MW98A060 MW98A072" a="all">D10. Is there a radio in working condition in this dwelling unit?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A036 MW98A048 MW98A060 MW98A072" a="all"><span class="em">D10. Is there a radio in working condition in this DU?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit ask whether there is a radio in working condition in that dwelling unit. Record for responses in column D10.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the household in the third dwelling has a radio. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Bicycles, 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all">How many bicycles and oxcarts belong to persons in this dwelling unit are in working condition?<br /><div class="i1">(Enter total number in the appropriate box)<br />D11. Bicycle _ _<br />D12. Ox-cart _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all"><span class="em">D11 and D12. How many bicycles and ox-carts belonging to persons in this DU are in working condition?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit of the household, you should ask (one at a time) the number of bicycles and oxcarts that belong to person(s) in the dwelling unit. Enter the total number of bicycles in column D11 and that of oxcarts in D12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of bicycles owned by the household in the third dwelling. 0 0 1 1 2 2+ 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Oxcarts, 3rd dwelling <svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all">How many bicycles and oxcarts belong to persons in this dwelling unit are in working condition?<br /><div class="i1">(Enter total number in the appropriate box)<br />D11. Bicycle _ _<br />D12. Ox-cart _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all"><span class="em">D11 and D12. How many bicycles and ox-carts belonging to persons in this DU are in working condition?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit of the household, you should ask (one at a time) the number of bicycles and oxcarts that belong to person(s) in the dwelling unit. Enter the total number of bicycles in column D11 and that of oxcarts in D12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a third dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of oxcarts owned by the household in the third dwelling. 0 0 1 1 2 2+ 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Record of 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A039 MW98A051 MW98A063" a="all">D1. Dwelling unit serial number _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A039 MW98A051 MW98A063" a="all"><span class="em">D1. Dwelling unit serial number:</span> For each dwelling unit, enter the dwelling unit serial number in column D1 as 1, 2 or 3, etc. This serial number should be the same as the one you recorded in column B1 of part B for that particular dwelling unit.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates whether the household has a fourth dwelling record. 1 Household has no 4th dwelling 2 Household has a 4th dwelling record Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Structure of 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064" a="all">D2. Type of structure<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Permanent<br />[] 2 Semi-permanent<br />[] 3 Traditional</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064"><span class="em">4.8 Structure:</span> It is defined here as any unit of construction which has four walls or an all-round wall, a roof and at least one door, irrespective of the type of construction materials used.<br /><span class="em">4.9 Permanent structure:</span> A permanent structure is one having a roof made of iron sheets, tiles, concrete or asbestos, and walls made of burnt bricks, concrete or stones.<br /><span class="em">4.10 Semi-permanent structure:</span> A semi-permanent structure is one lacking one of the construction materials of a permanent structure for wall or roof.<br /><span class="em">4.11 Traditional structure:</span> A traditional structure is one having thatched roof with mud walls, or walls made of mud and wattle.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A028 MW98A040 MW98A052 MW98A064" a="all"><span class="em">Structure:</span> A structure is a defined as "any unit of construction that has four walls or an all-round wall, a roof and at least one door irrespective of the type of construction materials used". Buildings, caravans, tents, and tinned houses are some examples of structures. Based on the materials used for construction of walls and roof, the structures in this Census are classified into three major groups: permanent, semi- permanent and traditional.<br />i.) Permanent structure:<br />A permanent structure is one having a roof made of iron sheets, tiles, concrete or asbestos, and walls made of burnt bricks, concrete or stones. Examples include a house made of stone walls and corrugated iron sheets, a shop with burnt bricks and concrete roof, a house with concrete walls and asbestos roofing, caravans and tinned houses.<br />Note: A structure with stone walls, burnt bricks or concrete with a corrugated iron roof which is covered with tiles should be taken as permanent (the titles should be considered as finishing or decoration).<br />ii.) Semi-permanent structure:<br />A semi-permanent structure is one lacking the construction materials of a permanent structure for wall and roof. This category includes, for example, structures which have iron sheet roofing and sun-dried bricks or burnt bricks walls with a thatched roof. It also includes tents.<br />iii.) Traditional structure:<br />A traditional structure is one having a thatched roof with mud walls, or walls made of mud and wattle.<br /><span class="em">D2. Type of structure:</span> Ask the respondent for the materials used for construction of the structure and enter the appropriate code in column D2.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the structure of the fourth dwelling of the household. 1 Permanent 2 Semi-permanent 3 Traditional 9 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Rooms in 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065" a="all">D3. Number of rooms (exclude bathrooms, toilets, storerooms, and garage) _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065"><span class="em">4.6 Room:</span> It is defined as a partition or part of a DU enclosed by four walls or an all-round wall, a floor and a roof. Note that a DU that has no partitions is considered as having one room.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A029 MW98A041 MW98A053 MW98A065" a="all"><span class="em">D3. Number of rooms:</span> Ask the respondent how many rooms there are in the dwelling unit and record the total number of rooms in column D3. The number of rooms should include sitting rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, and a kitchen even if it is a separate room detached from the main structure. You should, however, not count bathrooms, toilets, storerooms and garages as rooms of the dwelling unit, even if they are inside the structure.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of rooms in the fourth dwelling of the household. 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4+ 99 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Tenure of 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A030 MW98A042 MW98A054 MW98A066" a="all">D4. Tenure<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Owner/family occupied<br />[] 2 Rented<br />[] 3 Other</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A030 MW98A042 MW98A054 MW98A066" a="all"><span class="em">D4. Tenure:</span> Ask the respondent whether the dwelling unit is being occupied by the individual/family who owns it, whether it is being rented or is of other tenancy status.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the tenure status of the fourth dwelling. 1 Owner/family occupied 2 Rented 3 Other 9 NIU (not in universe) Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Source of drinking water in wet season, 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068">What is the main source of drinking water?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A043 MW98A055 MW98A067" a="all"><div class="i1">D5. Wet season</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Piped inside dwelling unit<br />[] 02 Piped outside dwelling unit<br />[] 03 Communal stand pipe<br />[] 04 Protected well<br />[] 05 Unprotected well<br />[] 06 Borehole<br />[] 07 Spring<br />[] 08 Stream/river<br />[] 09 Lake/dam<br />[] 10 Rainwater</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068" a="all"><span class="em">D5 and D6: Main source of drinking water:</span><br />Here you must find out from the respondent what the main source of drinking water is for the members of the dwelling unit. This should first be asked and recorded for the wet season and then similarly for the dry season.<br />Fill in the appropriate code for the main source of drinking water during the wet season in column D5 and that for the dry season in column D6. Never leave any of these spaces blank, even if the codes for wet and dry season are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the main source of drinking water in wet season in the fourth dwelling. 01 Piped inside or outside dwelling unit 03 Communal stand pipe 04 Protected well 05 Unprotected well 06 Borehole 07 Spring 08 Stream/river 09 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Source of drinking water in dry season, 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068">What is the main source of drinking water?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A032 MW98A044 MW98A056 MW98A068" a="all"><div class="i1">D6. Dry season</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Piped inside dwelling unit<br />[] 02 Piped outside dwelling unit<br />[] 03 Communal stand pipe<br />[] 04 Protected well<br />[] 05 Unprotected well<br />[] 06 Borehole<br />[] 07 Spring<br />[] 08 Stream/river<br />[] 09 Lake/dam<br />[] 10 Rainwater</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A067 MW98A068" a="all"><span class="em">D5 and D6: Main source of drinking water:</span><br />Here you must find out from the respondent what the main source of drinking water is for the members of the dwelling unit. This should first be asked and recorded for the wet season and then similarly for the dry season.<br />Fill in the appropriate code for the main source of drinking water during the wet season in column D5 and that for the dry season in column D6. Never leave any of these spaces blank, even if the codes for wet and dry season are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the main source of drinking water in dry season in the fourth dwelling. 01 Piped inside or outside dwelling unit 03 Communal stand pipe 04 Protected well 05 Unprotected well 06 Borehole 07 Spring 08 Stream/river 09 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Toilet of 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A033 MW98A045 MW98A057 MW98A069" a="all">D7. Toilet<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Flush toilet<br />[] 2 VIP latrine<br />[] 3 Traditional pit latrine<br />[] 4 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A033 MW98A045 MW98A057 MW98A069" a="all"><span class="em">D7. Toilet:</span> Ask the respondent the type of toilet facility availability to members of the dwelling unit and record the appropriate code in column D7.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the type of toilet in the fourth dwelling. 1 Flush toilet or VIP latrine 3 Traditional pit 4 None 9 NIU (not in universe) Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Cooking fuel of 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071">What is the main source of energy?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A046 MW98A058 MW98A070" a="all"><div class="i1">D8. Cooking</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Firewood<br />[] 2 Charcoal<br />[] 3 Electricity<br />[] 4 Paraffin<br />[] 5 Gas<br />[] 6 Candles<br />[] 7 Dung<br />[] 8 Grass<br />[] 9 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071" a="all"><span class="em">D8 and D9. Main source of energy:</span> Ask the respondent what the main source of energy is for lighting and cooking for member of the household. If there is more than one source of energy you should record only the main one (the most frequently used one).<br />You should fill the appropriate code for the main source of energy for cooking in column D8 and that for lighting in column D9. Remember that you should not leave any of these items blank, even if the codes for cooking and lighting are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the main cooking fuel used by the household in the fourth dwelling. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Fire wood 2 Other 9 None Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Lighting of 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071">What is the main source of energy?<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A035 MW98A047 MW98A059 MW98A071" a="all"><div class="i1">D9. Lighting</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Firewood<br />[] 2 Charcoal<br />[] 3 Electricity<br />[] 4 Paraffin<br />[] 5 Gas<br />[] 6 Candles<br />[] 7 Dung<br />[] 8 Grass<br />[] 9 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A070 MW98A071" a="all"><span class="em">D8 and D9. Main source of energy:</span> Ask the respondent what the main source of energy is for lighting and cooking for member of the household. If there is more than one source of energy you should record only the main one (the most frequently used one).<br />You should fill the appropriate code for the main source of energy for cooking in column D8 and that for lighting in column D9. Remember that you should not leave any of these items blank, even if the codes for cooking and lighting are the same.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the main source of lighting in the fourth dwelling. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Fire wood 3 Electricity 4 Paraffin or candles 8 Grass 9 None Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Radio, 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A036 MW98A048 MW98A060 MW98A072" a="all">D10. Is there a radio in working condition in this dwelling unit?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A036 MW98A048 MW98A060 MW98A072" a="all"><span class="em">D10. Is there a radio in working condition in this DU?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit ask whether there is a radio in working condition in that dwelling unit. Record for responses in column D10.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the household in the fourth dwelling has a radio. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Bicycles, 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all">How many bicycles and oxcarts belong to persons in this dwelling unit are in working condition?<br /><div class="i1">(Enter total number in the appropriate box)<br />D11. Bicycle _ _<br />D12. Ox-cart _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all"><span class="em">D11 and D12. How many bicycles and ox-carts belonging to persons in this DU are in working condition?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit of the household, you should ask (one at a time) the number of bicycles and oxcarts that belong to person(s) in the dwelling unit. Enter the total number of bicycles in column D11 and that of oxcarts in D12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of bicycles owned by the household in the fourth dwelling. 0 0 1 1 2 2+ 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Oxcarts, 4th dwelling <svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all">How many bicycles and oxcarts belong to persons in this dwelling unit are in working condition?<br /><div class="i1">(Enter total number in the appropriate box)<br />D11. Bicycle _ _<br />D12. Ox-cart _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A027 MW98A028 MW98A029 MW98A030 MW98A031 MW98A032 MW98A033 MW98A034 MW98A035 MW98A036 MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A039 MW98A040 MW98A041 MW98A042 MW98A043 MW98A044 MW98A045 MW98A046 MW98A047 MW98A048 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A051 MW98A052 MW98A053 MW98A054 MW98A055 MW98A056 MW98A057 MW98A058 MW98A059 MW98A060 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A063 MW98A064 MW98A065 MW98A066 MW98A067 MW98A068 MW98A069 MW98A070 MW98A071 MW98A072 MW98A073 MW98A074"><span class="h3">Part D: Dwelling Unit Characteristics and Access to Facilities</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A037 MW98A038 MW98A049 MW98A050 MW98A061 MW98A062 MW98A073 MW98A074" a="all"><span class="em">D11 and D12. How many bicycles and ox-carts belonging to persons in this DU are in working condition?:</span><br />For each dwelling unit of the household, you should ask (one at a time) the number of bicycles and oxcarts that belong to person(s) in the dwelling unit. Enter the total number of bicycles in column D11 and that of oxcarts in D12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households with a fourth dwelling [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of oxcarts owned by the household in the fourth dwelling. 0 0 1 1 2 2+ 9 NIU (not in universe) Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Total deaths in last year <svar v="MW98A075 MW98A076"><span class="h3">Part C: Household information</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A075" a="all">C3. Total deaths (if no deaths, enter "00") _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A075 MW98A076"><span class="h2">Part C: Household Information</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A075"><span class="em">All deaths occurred in the household from September, 1997 to date:</span><br />a.) You should obtain information of all deaths that occurred in the household from September, 1997 to date. Make sure you include deaths of persons of all ages that occurred in the household during the period from September, 1997 to the date of your visit.<br />For example, if your interview is on 15 September, 1998 you should ask for the total number of deaths that occurred in the household during the period 16 September, 1997 and the date of your interview; that is, 15 September, 1998.<br />In the case of a need for probing, you should proceed month by month in the backward direction, and enquire whether there was any death of a person related or unrelated who lived in any dwelling unit belonging to the household during the period specified above.<br />For recording, you should include the following categories of deaths:<br /><div class="i1">i.) Death of household members occurring in dwelling units belonging to the household.<br />ii.) Deaths of household members occurring in the hospital/clinic, or on the way to hospital/clinic, or as a result of an accident. Make sure that the deceased lived in a dwelling unit belonging to the household immediately prior to his death.</div><br />Note:<br />i.) Death of prisoners, student residents in institutions, etc., should be taken as if such deaths occurred in the household where the deceased would have otherwise been members.<br />ii.) Death of members of other households that were brought to this household for burial should be excluded from the present household. These deaths should be included in the households where the deceased lived.<br />iii.) This part of the questionnaire should not be completed for institutions.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A075" a="all"><span class="em">C3. Total deaths:</span> Enter the total number of deaths in the household from September, 1977 to date. If no deaths occurred in the household, enter "00" in the two boxes in column C3. Do not leave these boxes blank.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of total deaths in the household in the last 12 months. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6+ 99 NIU (not in universe) Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Language <svar v="MW98A075 MW98A076"><span class="h3">Part C: Household information</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A076" a="all">C4. What is the language most commonly used in this household?<br /><div class="i1">[] 01 Chichewa<br />[] 02 Chinyanja<br />[] 03 Chiyao<br />[] 04 Chitumbuka<br />[] 05 Chilomwe<br />[] 06 Chinkhonde<br />[] 07 Chingoni<br />[] 08 Chisena<br />[] 09 Chitonga<br />[] 10 Chinyakyusa<br />[] 11 Chilambya<br />[] 12 Chisenga<br />[] 13 English<br />[] 14 Portuguese<br />[] 15 Other</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A075 MW98A076"><span class="h2">Part C: Household Information</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A076" a="all"><span class="em">C4. What is the language mostly used in this household?:</span> You should ask the respondent the language commonly used for communication among the members of the household. If the language is among the ones coded in C4, then write down the code in the two boxes provided at the bottom. In the cases where the respondent reports a language which is not one of the languages listed write down "15" in the two boxes.<br />Caution: Language commonly used should not be confused with tribe, i.e. a household might be <span class="lang">Lomwe</span> by tribe but the language commonly used in that household could be Chichewa. In this case you should record Chichewa as language commonly used.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Private households [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the most commonly used language in the household. 01 Chichewa 02 Chinyanja 03 Chiyao 04 Chitumbuka 05 Chilomwe 06 Chinkhonde 07 Chingoni 08 Chisena 09 Chitonga 10 Chinyakyusa 11 Chilambya 12 Chisenga 13 English 14 Portuguese 15 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group quarters Malawi 1998: All households This variable indicates if the household is a group quarter. 1 Private household 2 Group quarters Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Strata Malawi 1998: All households This variable is the strata identifier for the sample. Strata is a constructed variable that captures implicit geographic stratification resulting from the sample design. It is created by assigning a unique identifier to groups of between 10 and 19 adjacent households. Additional documentation is available on the Variance Estimation page. This is a 5-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Person number PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1" for the first person record of each household). When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person in the IPUMS-International database. PERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable. Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Person weight PERWT indicates the number of persons in the actual population represented by the person in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), PERWT must be used to yield accurate statistics for the population. NOTE: PERWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Mother's location in household MOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers. The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of MOMLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of MOMLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPMOM is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict MOMLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, MOMLOC should be reset to zero when STEPMOM is greater than zero. MOMLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No mother of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's mother Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Father's location in household POPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers. The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of POPLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of POPLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPPOP is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict POPLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, POPLOC should be reset to zero when STEPPOP is greater than zero. POPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No father of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's father Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Spouse's location in household SPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses. The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE. The general design of SPLOC and other constructed variables is modeled on the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships", but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of SPLOC, see the Comparability section of SPRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. SPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No spouse of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's spouse Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Rule for linking parent PARRULE describes the criteria by which the IPUMS International variables MOMLOC and POPLOC linked the person to a probable mother and/or father. IPUMS International establishes child-parent links according to five basic rules, and PARRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A link to any parent automatically generates a second link to that parent's spouse or partner, so only one rule is needed to describe both MOMLOC and POPLOC. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. 00 No parent of person in household 11 Link to head or spouse, unambiguous 12 Link to head or spouse, ambiguous 21 Child-Grandchild, within empirical child cap 22 Child-Grandchild, within constructed child cap 23 Child-Grandchild, exceeds child cap 31 Specified Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 32 Specified Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 33 Specified Other Relatives, exceeds child cap 41 Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 42 Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 51 Non-Relatives, within empirical child cap 52 Non-Relatives, within constructed child cap Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Rule for linking spouse SPRULE explains the criteria by which the IPUMS-International variable SPLOC linked the person to his/her probable spouse. IPUMS International establishes spouse-spouse links according to five basic rules, and SPRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A sixth rule identifies sample-specific linking procedures only imposed in selected instances. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. 00 No spouse present 01 Rule 1: strong relationship pairing, couple adjacent 02 Rule 2: strong relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 03 Rule 3: weak relationship pairing, couple adjacent 04 Rule 4: weak relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 05 Rule 5: weak consensual union pairings 06 Rule 6: sample-specific rules (usually child-to-child) Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Probable stepmother STEPMOM indicates whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOM explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPMOM are as follows: 0 = Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household. 1 = Mother has no children born or surviving. 2 = Child reports mother is deceased. 3 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner, stepchild/child-in-law). 4 = Mother reports no children in the home. 5 = Age difference between mother and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. 6 = Child exceeds known fertility of mother. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepmother is met, STEPMOM will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. In cases where a mother is linked to more children than she reports in CHBORN or CHSURV, the determination of which children to flag as probable stepchildren is based first on the strength of the child-mother pairing (see PARRULE), and then on the order of children in the household roster. Since most links to a given mother will be made at the same strength level, order will often be the decisive factor in flagging probable stepmother relationships. Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPMOM will always under-represent their actual number in the population. 0 Biological mother or no mother present 1 Mother has no children born or surviving 2 Child reports mother is deceased 3 Explicitly identified step relationship 4 Mother reports no children in the home 5 Age difference implausible 6 Child exceeds known fertility of mother Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Probable stepfather STEPPOP indicates whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOP explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPPOP are as follows: 0 = Biological father or no father of this person present in household. 1 = Child reports father is deceased. 2 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner; stepchild/child-in-law). 3 = Age difference between father and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepfather is met, STEPPOP will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPPOP will always under-represent their actual number in the population. 0 Biological father or no father present 1 Child reports father is deceased 2 Explicitly identified step relationship 3 Age difference implausible 4 Spouse of mother 5 Identified as adopted 6 Surname difference -- male child or never-married female Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Man with more than one wife linked POLYMAL indicates if a man had more than one wife linked to him in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The point of POLYMAL is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. 0 No more than one wife linked via SPLOC 1 More than one wife linked via SPLOC Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Woman is second or higher order wife POLY2ND indicates if a woman was the second or higher order wife linked to a husband in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The variable does not suggest the actual marital order of wives, only their relative positions in the person order of the household as it was enumerated. The point of POLY2ND is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. 0 Person is not the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC 1 Person is the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Family unit membership FAMUNIT is a constructed variable indicating to which family within the household a person belongs. All persons related to the household head receive a 1 (see RELATE). Each secondary family or secondary individual receives a higher code. For purposes of FAMUNIT, secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). FAMUNIT is a 4-digit numeric variable. CodesIf there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on. Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Number of own family members in household FAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage as indicated by the census forms or inferred from them. FAMSIZE is calculated from the units identified in the IPUMS constructed variable FAMUNIT (family unit membership). The primary family is defined as all persons related to the head in the RELATE variable. Secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). 0001 1 family member present 0002 2 family members present 0003 3 family members present 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0057 57 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0072 72 0073 73 0074 74 0075 75 0076 76 0077 77 0078 78 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0090 90 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0097 97 0098 98 0099 99 or more persons Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Number of own children in household NCHILD provides a count of the person's own children living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more children in household Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Number of own children under age 5 in household NCHLT5 provides a count of the person's own children under age five living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more own children under age 5 in household 98 One or more children have unknown age Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Age of eldest own child in household ELDCH gives the age of the person's oldest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. ELDCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Age of youngest own child in household YNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. YNGCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Relationship to household head [general version] RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). 1 Head 2 Spouse/partner 3 Child 4 Other relative 5 Non-relative 6 Other relative or non-relative 9 Unknown Demographic Variables -- PERSON Relationship to household head [detailed version] RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). 1000 Head 2000 Spouse/partner 2100 Spouse 2200 Unmarried partner 2210 Civil union 2300 Same-sex spouse/partner 3000 Child 3100 Biological child 3200 Adopted child 3300 Stepchild 3400 Child/child-in-law 3500 Child/child-in-law/grandchild 3600 Child of unmarried partner 4000 Other relative 4100 Grandchild 4110 Grandchild or great grandchild 4120 Great grandchild 4130 Great-great grandchild 4200 Parent/parent-in-law 4210 Parent 4211 Stepparent 4220 Parent-in-law 4300 Child-in-law 4301 Daughter-in-law 4302 Spouse/partner of child 4310 Unmarried partner of child 4400 Sibling/sibling-in-law 4410 Sibling 4420 Stepsibling 4430 Sibling-in-law 4431 Sibling of spouse/partner 4432 Spouse/partner of sibling 4500 Grandparent 4510 Great grandparent 4600 Parent/grandparent/ascendant 4700 Aunt/uncle 4800 Other specified relative 4810 Nephew/niece 4820 Cousin 4830 Sibling's sibling-in-law 4900 Other relative, not elsewhere classified 4910 Other relative with same family name 4920 Other relative with different family name 4930 Other relative, not specified (secondary family) 5000 Non-relative 5100 Friend/guest/visitor/partner 5110 Partner/friend 5111 Friend 5112 Partner/roommate 5113 Housemate/roommate 5120 Visitor 5130 Ex-spouse 5140 Godparent 5150 Godchild 5200 Employee 5210 Domestic employee 5220 Relative of employee, n.s. 5221 Spouse of servant 5222 Child of servant 5223 Other relative of servant 5300 Roomer/boarder/lodger/foster child 5310 Boarder 5311 Boarder or guest 5320 Lodger 5330 Foster child 5340 Tutored/foster child 5350 Tutored child 5400 Employee, boarder, or guest 5500 Other specified non-relative 5510 Agregado 5520 Temporary resident, guest 5600 Group quarters 5610 Group quarters, non-inmates 5620 Institutional inmates 5900 Non-relative, n.e.c. 6000 Other relative or non-relative 9999 Unknown Demographic Variables -- PERSON Age AGE gives age in years as of the person's last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration. 000 Less than 1 year 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100+ 999 Not reported/missing Demographic Variables -- PERSON Age, grouped into intervals AGE2 gives computed years of age grouped into intervals. 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 0 to 5 06 6 to 10 07 10 to 15 08 11 to 14 09 15 to 17 10 16 to 19 11 18 to 24 12 20 to 24 13 25 to 29 14 30 to 34 15 35 to 39 16 40 to 44 17 45 to 49 18 50 to 54 19 55 to 59 20 60 to 64 21 65 to 69 22 70 to 74 23 75 to 79 24 80 to 84 25 85+ 98 Unknown Demographic Variables -- PERSON Sex SEX reports the sex (gender) of the respondent. 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown Demographic Variables -- PERSON Marital status [general version] MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Single/never married 2 Married/in union 3 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 4 Widowed 9 Unknown/missing Demographic Variables -- PERSON Marital status [detailed version] MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Single/never married 110 Engaged 111 Never married and never cohabited 200 Married or consensual union 210 Married, formally 211 Married, civil 212 Married, religious 213 Married, civil and religious 214 Married, civil or religious 215 Married, traditional/customary 216 Married, monogamous 217 Married, polygamous 219 Married, spouse absent (historical samples) 220 Consensual union 300 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 310 Separated or divorced 320 Separated or annulled 330 Separated 331 Separated legally 332 Separated de facto 333 Separated from marriage 334 Separated from consensual union 335 Separated from consensual union or marriage 340 Annulled 350 Divorced 400 Widowed 410 Widowed or divorced 411 Widowed from consensual union or marriage 412 Widowed from marriage 413 Widowed from consensual union 420 Widowed, divorced, or separated 999 Unknown/missing Demographic Variables -- PERSON Children ever born CHBORN reports the number of children ever born to each woman of whom the question was asked. In most samples, women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the child was still living. 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Children surviving CHSURV reports the number of children born to a woman who were still living at the time of the census. 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Number of female children ever born CHBORNF indicates the number of female children ever born to a woman. Only live births are counted. 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Number of male children ever born CHBORNM indicates the number of male children ever born to a woman. Only live births are counted. 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Number of female children surviving CHSURVF indicates the number of female children ever born to a woman still living at the time of the census. 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Number of male children surviving CHSURVM indicates the number of male children ever born to a woman still living at the time of the census. 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Number of births last year BIRTHSLYR indicates whether any -- and in most cases how many -- children were born to a woman in the past twelve months. 0 None 1 1 (1 or more) 2 2 3 3 4 4+ 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Children surviving from births last year BIRTHSURV indicates the number of children born in the past twelve months who were still living at the time of the census. 0 0 1 1 (1 or more) 2 2 3 3 4 4+ 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Number of children dead CHDEAD reports how many of the children ever born to a woman were no longer living at the time of the census. Women were to consider all live births by all fathers; they were to exclude still births. 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 98 Unknown/missing 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Number of female children dead CHDEADFEM indicates the number of female children ever born to a woman who are no longer living. Stillbirths are not counted. It is possible to calculate total child deaths for samples that have both the "Female children ever born" and "Female children surviving" variables. That is not done in CHDEADFEM, which includes only the samples that directly reported the information in the appropriate form. 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Number of male children dead CHDEADMALE indicates the number of male children ever born to a woman who are no longer living. Stillbirths are not counted. It is possible to calculate total child deaths for samples that have both the "Male children ever born" and "Male children surviving" variables. That is not done in CHDEADMALE, which includes only the samples that directly reported the information in the appropriate form. 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Mortality status of mother MORTMOT indicates whether the person's biological mother was still living at the time of the census. 1 Alive 2 Dead 7 Does not know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Mortality status of father MORTFAT indicates whether the person's biological father was still living. 1 Alive 2 Dead 7 Does not know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Nativity status NATIVITY indicates whether the person was native-born or foreign-born. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Native-born 2 Foreign-born 9 Unknown/missing Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Country of birth BPLCOUNTRY indicates the person's country of birth. 00000 NIU (not in universe) 10000 Africa 11000 Eastern Africa 11005 British Indian Ocean Territory 11010 Burundi 11020 Comoros 11030 Djibouti 11040 Eritrea 11050 Ethiopia 11051 Ethiopia (including Eritrea) 11060 Kenya 11070 Madagascar 11080 Malawi 11090 Mauritius 11100 Mozambique 11110 Reunion 11120 Rwanda 11130 Seychelles 11140 Somalia 11150 South Sudan 11160 Uganda 11170 Tanzania 11180 Zambia 11190 Zimbabwe 11999 Eastern Africa, other or n.s. 12000 Middle Africa 12010 Angola 12020 Cameroon 12030 Central African Republic 12040 Chad 12050 Congo (Republic of) 12060 Democratic Republic of Congo 12070 Equatorial Guinea 12080 Gabon 12090 Sao Tome and Principe 12999 Middle Africa, other or n.s. 13000 Northern Africa 13010 Algeria 13011 Algeria/Tunisia 13020 Egypt 13021 Egypt/Sudan 13030 Libya 13040 Morocco 13050 Sudan 13060 Tunisia 13070 Western Sahara 13999 Northern Africa, other or n.s. 14000 Southern Africa 14010 Botswana 14020 Lesotho 14030 Namibia 14040 South Africa 14050 Swaziland 14999 Southern Africa, other or n.s. 15000 Western Africa 15010 Benin 15020 Burkina Faso 15021 Upper Volta 15030 Cape Verde 15040 Ivory Coast 15050 Gambia 15060 Ghana 15070 Guinea 15080 Guinea-Bissau 15081 Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde 15090 Liberia 15100 Mali 15110 Mauritania 15120 Niger 15130 Nigeria 15140 St. Helena and Ascension 15150 Senegal 15160 Sierra Leone 15170 Togo 15180 Canary Islands 15999 West Africa, other or n.s. 19999 Africa, other or n.s. 20000 Americas 21000 Caribbean 21010 Anguilla 21020 Antigua-Barbuda 21030 Aruba 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21060 British Virgin Islands 21070 Cayman Isles 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21100 Dominican Republic 21110 Grenada 21120 Guadeloupe 21130 Haiti 21140 Jamaica 21150 Martinique 21160 Montserrat 21170 Netherlands Antilles 21180 Puerto Rico 21190 St. Kitts-Nevis 21200 St. Croix 21210 St. John 21220 St. Lucia 21230 St Thomas 21240 St. Vincent 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21260 Turks and Caicos 21270 U.S. Virgin Islands 21991 Caribbean commonwealth, n.s. 21999 Caribbean, other or n.s. 22000 Central America 22010 Belize/British Honduras 22020 Costa Rica 22030 El Salvador 22040 Guatemala 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 22080 Panama 22081 Panama Canal Zone 22999 Central America, other or n.s. 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23020 Bolivia 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23050 Colombia 23060 Ecuador 23070 Falkland Islands 23080 French Guiana 23090 Guyana/British Guiana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 23999 South America, other or n.s. 24000 North America 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24030 Greenland 24040 United States 24999 North America, other or n.s. 29999 Americas, other or n.s. 30000 Asia 31000 Eastern Asia 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31012 Macau 31013 Taiwan 31020 Japan 31030 Korea 31031 Korea, DPR (North) 31032 Korea, RO (South) 31040 Mongolia 31999 Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 32000 South-Central Asia 32010 Afghanistan 32020 Bangladesh 32030 Bhutan 32040 India 32041 India/Pakistan 32042 India/Pakistan/Bangladesh/Sri Lanka 32050 Iran 32060 Kazakhstan 32070 Kyrgyzstan 32080 Maldives 32090 Nepal 32100 Pakistan 32101 Pakistan/Bangladesh 32110 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 32120 Tajikistan 32130 Turkmenistan 32140 Uzbekistan 32999 South-Central Asia, other or n.s. 33000 South-Eastern Asia 33010 Brunei 33020 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 33030 East Timor 33040 Indonesia 33050 Laos 33060 Malaysia 33070 Myanmar (Burma) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 33110 Vietnam 33999 South-Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 34000 Western Asia 34010 Armenia 34020 Azerbaijan 34030 Bahrain 34040 Cyprus 34050 Georgia 34051 Abkhazia 34052 South Ossetia 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34071 Israel/Palestine 34080 Jordan 34090 Kuwait 34100 Lebanon 34110 Palestine 34111 West Bank 34112 Gaza Strip 34120 Oman 34130 Qatar 34140 Saudi Arabia 34150 Syria 34151 Syria/Lebanon 34160 Turkey 34170 United Arab Emirates 34180 Yemen 34991 Middle East 34999 Western Asia, other or n.s. 39999 Asia, other or n.s. 40000 Europe 41000 Eastern Europe 41010 Belarus 41020 Bulgaria 41021 Bulgaria/Greece 41030 Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41060 Moldova 41070 Romania 41080 Russia/USSR 41090 Slovakia 41100 Ukraine 41991 Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia 41992 Central-Eastern Europe 41999 Eastern Europe, other or n.s. 42000 Northern Europe 42010 Denmark 42020 Estonia 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42050 Iceland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42080 Lithuania 42090 Norway 42100 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands 42110 Sweden 42120 United Kingdom 42999 Northern Europe, other or n.s. 43000 Southern Europe 43010 Albania 43020 Andorra 43030 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43040 Croatia 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43071 Vatican City 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43100 San Marino 43110 Slovenia 43120 Spain 43121 Spain/Portugal 43130 Macedonia 43140 Yugoslavia 43141 Montenegro 43142 Serbia 43143 Kosovo 43144 Serbia and Montenegro 43991 Gibraltar/Malta 43992 Portugal/Greece 43993 Italy, Holy See, San Marino 43999 Southern Europe, other or n.s. 44000 Western Europe 44010 Austria 44020 Belgium 44021 Belgium/Luxemburg 44022 Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg 44030 France 44040 Germany 44042 West Germany 44043 Germany/Austria 44044 Mecklenburg-Schwerin 44050 Liechtenstein 44060 Luxembourg 44070 Monaco 44080 Netherlands 44090 Switzerland 44991 Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands 44999 Western Europe, other or n.s. 49992 European Union 49993 European Union (original 15) 49994 Other European Union (not original 15) 49999 Europe, other or n.s. 50000 Oceania 51000 Australia and New Zealand 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51030 Norfolk Islands 51999 Australia and New Zealand, n.s. 52000 Melanesia 52010 Fiji 52020 New Caledonia 52030 Papua New Guinea 52040 Solomon Islands 52050 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 52999 Melanesia, n.s. 53000 Micronesia 53010 Kiribati 53020 Marshall Islands 53030 Nauru 53040 Northern Mariana Isls. 53050 Palau 53060 Federated States of Micronesia 53999 Micronesia, other or n.s. 54000 Polynesia 54010 Cook Islands 54020 French Polynesia 54030 Niue 54040 Pitcairn Island 54050 Western Samoa 54060 Eastern Samoa 54070 Tokelau 54080 Tonga 54090 Tuvalu 54100 Wallis and Futuna Isls. 54999 Polynesia, other or n.s. 55000 U.S. Pacific Possessions 55010 American Samoa 55020 Baker Island 55030 Guam 55040 Howland Island 55050 Johnston Atoll 55060 Kingman Reef 55070 Midway Islands 55080 Wake Island 55999 US Pacific, other or n.s. 59999 Oceania, other or n.s. 80000 AT SEA 90000 Other countries n.s. 99999 Unknown Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Citizenship CITIZEN indicates the person's citizenship status within the country in which they were enumerated. 1 Citizen, not specified 2 Citizen by birth 3 Naturalized citizen 4 Not a citizen 5 Without citizenship, stateless 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Religion [general version] RELIGION indicates the person's religion, including "none." 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 No religion 2 Buddhist 3 Hindu 4 Jewish 5 Muslim 6 Christian 7 Other 9 Unknown Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Religion [detailed version] RELIGION indicates the person's religion, including "none." 0000 NIU (not in universe) 1000 No religion 1001 Atheist 1002 Agnostic 1003 Without religion 2000 Buddhist 3000 Hindu 4000 Jewish 5000 Muslim 5005 Ahmadis 5006 Sunni 6000 Christian 6001 Catholic (Roman or unspecified) 6002 Orthodox 6003 Protestant 6004 Evangelical protestant 6005 Pentecostal 6006 Adventist / Seventh-day adventist 6007 Anglican 6008 Assembly of God 6009 Baptist 6010 Church of the Nazarene 6011 Congregational 6012 Dutch Reformed 6013 Episcopalian 6014 Jehovah's Witnesses 6015 Latter Day Saints (Mormon) 6016 Lutheran 6017 Mennonite 6018 Methodist 6019 New Apostolic 6020 Presbyterian 6021 Zion Christian 6022 Moravian 6090 Other Christian, historical 6100 Other Christian, Armenia 6101 Armenia apostolic 6102 Nestorian 6103 Molokai 6104 Other Christian, Austria 6105 Old Catholic 6106 Protestant, Augsburg confession 6107 Protestant, Westminster confession 6108 Protestant, Helvetic confession 6109 Greek Oriental 6110 Armenian Apostolic 6111 Other Protestant 6112 Christian Community for renewal 6113 Christian Community, not specified 6114 Other Christian, Benin 6115 Other Christian 6116 Celestial 6117 Other Christian, Brazil 6118 Christian Congregation of Brazil 6119 Brazilian Catholic Apostolic 6120 Brazil for Christ 6121 Foursquare Gospel 6122 Universal of the Kingdom of God 6123 House of the Blessing 6124 House of Prayer 6125 God is Love 6126 Maranata 6127 Other Christian, Brazil 1991 6128 Undetermined Protestant 6129 Other traditional Protestant 6130 Neo-Christian 6131 Other Neo-Christian 6132 Undetermined Christian 6133 Other Christian, Brazil 2000 6134 Other Catholic 6135 Renewed Evangelical Protestant without institutional ties 6136 Pentecostal Evangelical without institutional ties 6137 New Life Evangelical Protestant Pentecostal 6138 Evangelical Protestant Biblical Revival Pentecostal 6139 Chain Of Prayer Pentecostal 6140 Undetermined Evangelical Protestant 6141 Religion Of God 6142 Christian without institutional ties 6143 Other Christian, Brazil 2010 6144 Salvation Army 6145 Other Christian, Canada 6146 Other Catholic 6147 United Church 6148 Protestant, not specified 6149 Other Protestant 6150 Other Christian, Cameroon 6151 Other Christian, Fiji 6152 Christian undefined 6153 Church of England 6154 Gospel Hall and Brethern 6155 Christian Mission Fellowship (CMF) or Every Home 6156 Salvation Army 6157 All Nations Christian Fellowship 6158 Apostles Gospel Outreach Fellowship 6159 Christian Outreach Centre 6160 Other Christian 6161 Other Christian, Germany 6162 Oriental Christian 6163 Other Christian, Ghana 6164 Other Christian, Iran 6165 Assyrian or Chaldean 6166 Armenian 6167 Other Christians 6168 Other Christian, Indonesia 6169 Other Christian 6170 Protestant/Other Christian 6171 Other Christian, Ireland 6172 Church of Ireland 6173 Church of Scotland 6174 Independent 6175 Unitarian 6176 Salvation Army 6177 Free Church 6178 Brethren 6179 Christian Brethren 6180 Plymouth Brethren 6181 Quaker 6182 Other Christians 6183 Other Christian, Ivory Coast 6184 Other Christian, Jamaica 6185 Brethren 6186 Church of God 6187 Church of God of Prophecy 6188 Other Church of God 6189 United Church 6190 Salvation Army 6191 New Testament 6192 Disciples of Christ 6193 Other Christian, Mauritius 6194 Christian Tamil 6195 Salvation and Healing Mission 6196 Voice of Deliverance 6197 Other Christian 6198 Other Christian, Mexico 6199 Anabaptist 6200 Calvinist 6201 Cuaquera 6202 Disciples of Christ 6203 Christian Friendship Church 6204 Prayer House Church 6205 Faith Center 6206 Agape Force Church 6207 Alpha and Omega Church 6208 Living Water Church 6209 Apostolic Church 6210 Church of God 6211 Church of God of Prophecy 6212 Complete Gospel Church 6213 Evangelical Siblings Church 6214 Upper Room Church 6215 Pentecostal Indigenous Church 6216 Angular Stone Voice Church 6217 Pentecostal Missionary 6218 Christian 6219 Christian Societies 6220 Evangelical 6221 Evangelical Societies 6222 New Testament Evangelical 6223 Pentecostal 6224 Pentecostal Societies 6225 Independent Pentecostal 6226 Evangelical Christian Societies 6227 Pentecostal Christian Societies 6228 Evangelical Pentecostal Societies 6229 Evangelical Pentecostal Christian Societies 6230 Soldiers of Christ's Cross Church 6231 Tabernacle 6232 Traditionalists 6233 Other Evangelical Pentecostal Societies 6234 Pentecostal not clearly specified 6235 Living God, Light of the World 6236 Christian and Missionary Alliance 6237 Non-Pentecostal Apostolic 6238 Evangelical Associations 6239 Biblical 6240 Confraternities 6241 Christ Church 6242 Peace Grace and Misericordia Church 6243 Open Bible Church 6244 Holiness Church 6245 Evangelical Salem Church 6246 Beautiful Woman Dressed in the Sun 6247 Messianic Church 6248 Evangelical Ministers 6249 Evangelical Missionaries 6250 Evangelical Movements 6251 New Jerusalem 6252 World Vision Church 6253 Evangelical not clearly specified 6254 Biblical - non-evangelicals 6255 Other Christians not clearly specified 6256 Assumptionist 6257 Carmelite 6258 Claretian 6259 Conception Franciscan 6260 Maronite Diocese of Mexico 6261 Dominican 6262 Servants of Mary Immaculate 6263 Franciscan 6264 Guadalupan 6265 Daughters of the Immaculate Conception 6266 Jesuit 6267 Legionaries of Christ 6268 Divine Word Missionary 6269 Pauline 6270 Sacred Heart 6271 Saint Joseph of Tarbes 6272 Servant of the Lord and the Virgin 6273 Servant of Jesus 6274 Greek Catholic Church 6275 Reformed Roman Catholic Church 6276 Mexican National Catholic Church 6277 Tridentine Latin Rite Catholic Church 6278 Priestly Society Trento 6279 Mexican Catholic Union of Trento 6280 Anabaptist / Memnonite 6281 Anglican / Episcopal 6282 House of Prayer 6283 Center of Faith, Hope and Love of the Missionary Revival Crusade 6284 Center of Faith, Hope and Love Agape Force 6285 Salvation Army 6286 Independent Pentecostal Fellowship 6287 Upper Chamber Church 6288 Faith Apostolic Church of Jesus Christ 6289 Spiritual Christian Church 6290 Pentecostal Evangelical Christian Church 6291 Interdenominational Christian Church 6292 Church of God Full Gospel in Mexico 6293 Church of Jesus Christ on the Rock 6294 Christ Evangelical Pentecostal Church Rock of my Salvation 6295 Mexican Church of Christ's Gospel Pentecost 6296 United Pentecostal Church of Mexico 6297 Universal Church of the Kingdom of God 6298 Only Christ Savior Christian Church 6299 Independent Evangelical Pentecostal Movement 6300 Prince of Peace 6301 National Union of Evangelical Christian Churches (UNICE) 6302 Union of Independent Evangelical Churches 6303 Other associations Pentecostal 6304 Church of the Living God, Pillar and Support of Truth, the Light of the World 6305 Bible Church 6306 Interdenominational Christian Church in Mexico 6307 Church of Christ 6308 Honey Church of Christ 6309 Independent Evangelical Church in Mexico 6310 Renewed Church of Jesus Christ and the Apostles of Divine Love 6311 Other Christian and Evangelical associations without Pentecostal support 6312 Faith Christian Church 6313 Traditional Apostolic Catholic Holy Church Mexico-USA 6314 Mexican Apostolic Catholic Church 6315 Elias 6316 Spiritualistic 6317 Spiritualist 6318 Marian Trinitarian Spirituality 6319 Spirituality of the Third Age 6320 Christian Spiritual 6321 Judiciary Society Reign of Leonardo Alcalá Leos 6322 Spirituality for the Divine Master and the purity of Mary 6323 Light and Hope 6324 Holy Spirit, Purity, Love and Light 6325 Christian Science 6326 Neo-Israelite Jewish Syncretic Movements 6327 Other Christian, Netherlands 6328 Reformed Churches in The Netherlands 6329 Other Reformed 6330 Other Christian, Papua New Guinea 6331 Asian Pacific Christian Mission 6332 Asutalian Church 6333 Bamu River Mission 6334 Christian Brethren Church of PNG 6335 Christian Mission of Many Lands 6336 Christian Revival Crusade 6337 Christain Union Mission 6338 Church of Christ of PNG 6339 Faith mission 6340 Four Square Gospel Mission 6341 Kwato Church 6342 Life Center 6343 Lighthouse church 6344 New Guinea Gospel Mission 6345 New Life Mission 6346 New tribes Mission 6347 Paliau Christian Native Church 6348 Rhema Fellowship 6349 Salvation Army 6350 Sovereign Grace 6351 United Church 6352 Wewak Fellowship 6353 Western Highland 6354 Independent 6355 Plymouth Brethern 6356 Tiliba Mission 6357 Tokarara Christian Fellowship 6358 Village Mission 6359 Other Christian 6360 Other Christian, Paraguay 6361 Christian Community 6362 Free Brothers 6363 Church of God 6364 Church of God of Prophecy 6365 New testament 6366 God is love 6367 Universal Church of the Kingdom of God 6368 People of God 6369 Family worship center 6370 Pseudo-Christian groups 6371 Other Christian, Philippines 6372 Aglipay 6373 Bible Christian Committees 6374 Born-again Christian 6375 Bread of Life Ministries 6376 Cathedral of Praise, Incorporated 6377 Charismatic Full Gospel Ministries 6378 Christ the Living Stone Fellowship 6379 Christian and Missionary Alliance 6380 Christians Missions 6381 Christian Reformed Church in the Philippines, Incorporated 6382 Church of Christ 6383 Crusaders of the Divine Church of Christ, Incorporated 6384 Evangelical Christian Outreach Foundation 6385 Evangelical Free Church 6386 Filipino Assemblies of the First Born Inc. 6387 Foursquare Gospel 6388 Free Believers in Christ Fellowship 6389 Free Mission in the Philippines Inc. 6390 God World Mission 6391 Good News Christian Churches 6392 IEMELIF Reform Movement 6393 Iglesia Evangelista Methodista en Las 6394 Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Cristo 6395 Iglesia ni Cristo 6396 Iglesia sa Dios Espiritu Santo, Incorporated 6397 Jesus Christ Saves Global Outreach 6398 Jesus is Alive Community, Incorporated 6399 Jesus is Lord Church 6400 Jesus Reigns Ministries 6401 Love of Christ International Ministries 6402 Other Evangelical 6403 Other Evangelical Church 6404 Other Protestants 6405 Philippine Ecumenical Christian Church 6406 Philippine Evangelical Mission 6407 Philippine Grace Gospel Fellowship 6408 Philippines Benevolent Missionaries 6409 Philippines General Council of the Assemblies of God 6410 Potter's House Christian Center 6411 Salvation Army Philippines 6412 Take the Nation for Jesus Global Ministries (Corpus Christi) 6413 UNIDA Evangelical Church 6414 Union Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas, Incorporated 6415 United Church of Christ in the Philippines 6416 United Evangelical Church of the Philippines (Chinese) 6417 Victory Chapel Christian Fellowship 6418 Wesleyan Church 6419 World Missionary Evangelism 6420 Worldwide Church of God 6421 Zion Christian Community Church 6422 Other Christian, Portugal 6423 Other Christian, Romania 6424 Greek Catholic 6425 Reformed Church 6426 Evangelic of Augustan Confession 6427 Evangelic Synodo-Presbyterian 6428 Christian of Old Rite 6429 Christian by Gospel 6430 Evangelic 6431 Other Christian, Rwanda 2002 6432 Other Christian, Sierra Leone 6433 Other Christian, Slovak Republic 6434 Old Catholic 6435 Greek Catholic 6436 Christian Reformed 6437 Other Christian, South Africa 6438 Reformed 6439 International Fellowship of Christian Churches 6440 Apostolic Faith Mission of SA 6441 Other Apostolic Churches 6442 Pinkster Protestant Church 6443 Afrikaanse Protestant Church 6444 Full Gospel Church of God in Southern Africa 6445 Pentecostal Churches 6446 Salvation Army 6447 Bandla Lama Nazaretha 6448 African Methodist Episcopal Church 6449 St John's Apostolic Church 6450 International Pentecost Church 6451 Ethiopian type churches 6452 Ethnic churches 6453 Other African Independent Churches 6454 Other Christian Churches 6455 Other Catholic Churches 6456 Other Pentecostal Churches 6457 Other Orthodox Churches 6458 Other African Apostolic churches 6459 Other Assemblies 6460 Christian Scientist 6461 Christian Centres 6462 Other Evangelical Churches 6463 Other Charismatic Churches 6464 Just a Christian or non-denominational 6465 Other 6466 Other Christian, Suriname 6467 Other Christian 6468 Other Christian, Saint Lucia 6469 Church of God 6470 Other Christian, Senegal 6471 Other Christian 6472 Other Christian, Switzerland 6473 Other protestant churches and communities 6474 Christ-Catholic church 6475 Other Christian communities 6476 Other Christian, Trinidad and Tobago 6477 Church of God 6478 African Methodist Espiscopalians 6479 Brethren, Christian or Plymouth 6480 Church of Christ 6481 Gospel Hall or Gospel Missionary 6482 Nazarenes 6483 Pilgrim Holiness 6484 Ethiopian Orthodox 6485 Open Bible Church 6486 Assemblies of Yahweh 6487 Evangelical Church of West Indies 6488 Christadelphian 6489 Full Gospel Fellowship 6490 Dutch Reform 6491 Christian Brotherhood Assembly 6492 Other Christian, Uganda 6493 Other Christian 6494 Salvation Army 6495 Other Christian non-Catholic, Uruguay 6496 Other Christian non-Catholic, Guatemala 6497 Other Christian, Togo 7000 Other 7001 Bahai 7002 Sikh 7003 Rastafarian 7100 Other, Armenia 7101 Pagan 7102 Shar-fadinian 7103 Other, Austria 7104 Unification Church, Austria 7105 Other, Benin 7106 Traditional 7107 Vodoun 7108 Other, Botswana 7109 Badimo 7110 Other, Brazil 7111 Spiritist 7112 Kardecist Spiritist 7113 Afro Spiritist 7114 Mediumistic Spiritist 7115 Umbandist Mediumistic 7116 Candomblecist Mediumistic 7117 Other Afro-Brazilian 7118 Oriental, Brazil 7119 New Oriental 7120 Oriental Seicho No-le 7121 Other Oriental, Brazil 7122 Esoteric, Brazil 7123 Indigenous, Brazil 7124 Other minority groups, Brazil 7125 Other, Burkina Faso 7126 Animist 7127 Other, Cameroon 7128 Animist 7129 Other, Canada 7130 Eastern religions, Canada 7131 Other, Chile 7132 Theosophism 7133 Shintoism 7134 Other, Ethiopia 7135 Traditional 7136 Other, Ethiopia 7137 Other, Fiji 7138 Confucian 7139 Kabir Panthi 7140 Satya Sai Baba 7141 Bahai 7142 Other non-Christian, Fiji 7143 Other, Germany 7144 Other, Germany 7145 Other, Ghana 7146 Traditional, Ghana 7147 Other, Guinea 7148 Animist 7149 Other, Guinea 7150 Other, Haiti 7151 Voodoo 7152 Other, India 7153 Jainism 7154 Zoroastrianism 7155 Other, India 7156 Other, Indonesia 7157 Confucianism 7158 Other, Indonesia 7159 Other, Iran 7160 Zoroastrian 7161 Other, Iran 7162 Other, Ivory Coast 7163 Animist 7164 Harrist 7165 Other, Jamaica 7166 Muslim/Hindu 7167 Other, Israel 7168 Druse 7169 Other, Israel 7170 Other, Laos 7171 Animist 7172 Other, Liberia 7173 Traditional 7174 Other, Malaysia 7175 Confucianism/Taoism 7176 Tribal/Folk religion, Malaysia 7177 Other, Mali 7178 Animist 7179 Other, Mexico 7180 Brahmanism 7181 Hare Krishna 7182 Shintoism 7183 Taoism 7184 Mexican Movements 7185 Ananda Marga 7186 Church of Scientology 7187 Masons 7188 Raelian Movement 7189 New Age Movement 7190 Neoisraelites 7191 Occultists 7192 Palmar of Troya 7193 Rose Cross 7194 Theosophism 7195 Spiritualist Special Keys 7196 Onkaranada Center 7197 Confucianism 7198 Shia 7199 Universal Great Brotherhood 7200 Esoteric Science 7201 Gnosticism 7202 Metaphysics 7203 Wicca 7204 Shamanism 7205 The Custom 7206 Mexicayotl 7207 Restorative Confederate Movement of Anahuac Culture 7208 African Origin 7209 Indigenous Religions 7210 Growing in Grace 7211 Eckankar 7212 Transcendental Meditation 7213 Mission Branch 7214 Children of God 7215 Sri Sathya Sai Baba 7216 Other religions from Asia 7217 Ethnic roots 7218 Afro roots 7219 Popular cults 7220 Other new religious movements 7221 Other, Nepal 7222 Kirat 7223 Jain 7224 Garaute 7225 Tap jura 7226 Bon 7227 Prakriti 7228 Other, Nigeria 7229 Traditional 7230 Other, Pakistan 7231 Ahmadi 7232 Parsi 7233 Scheduled caste 7234 Other, Paraguay 7235 Philosophical revelations 7236 Indigenous religion 7237 Reyukai 7238 Other, Paraguay 7239 Other, Philippines 7240 Door of Faith 7241 Faith Tabernacle Church (Living Rock Ministries) 7242 Iglesia Filipina Independiente 7243 International One Way Outreach 7244 Miracle Life Fellowship International 7245 Miracle Revival Church of the Philippines 7246 Philippine Good News Ministries 7247 Philippine Missionary fellowship 7248 Things to Come 7249 Way of Salvation 7250 Word of the World 7251 Word International Ministries 7252 Tribal Religions, Philippines 7253 Other, Romania 7254 Unitarian 7255 Armenian 7256 Mosaic 7257 Other, Romania 7258 Other, Rwanda 7259 Traditional religion, Rwanda 7260 Other, Rwanda 7261 Other, Sierra Leone 7262 Traditional religion, Sierra Leone 7263 Other, South Africa 7264 African traditional belief 7265 Taoist 7266 Confucian 7267 New Age 7268 Winti 7269 Javanism 7270 Other non-Christian, S. Africa 7271 Other, Suriname 7272 Javanism 7273 Traditional 7274 Winti 7275 Other, Thailand 7276 Confucian 7277 Other, Trinidad and Tobago 7278 Pocamania or Shango 7279 Orisha 7280 Other, Uganda 7281 Traditional religion 7282 Mammon 7283 Other non-Christian, Uganda 7284 Other, United Kindom 7285 Other, Uruguay 7286 Umbanda/other Afro-American 7287 Other, Uruguay 7288 Other, Vietnam 7289 Cao Dai 7290 Cham Brahmin 7296 Other, Togo 7297 Animist 7900 Other, not elsewhere classified 9999 Unknown Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Speaks English SPEAKENG indicates whether the respondent could speak English or if English was the respondent's language of literacy. 1 Yes 2 No 7 Does not speak 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON School attendance SCHOOL indicates whether or not the person attended school at the time of the census or within some specified period of time prior to the census. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No, not specified 3 No, attended in the past 4 No, never attended 9 Unknown/missing Education Variables -- PERSON Literacy LIT indicates whether or not the respondent could read and write in any language. A person is typically considered literate if he or she can both read and write. All other persons are illiterate, including those who can either read or write but cannot do both. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 No, illiterate 2 Yes, literate 9 Unknown/missing Education Variables -- PERSON Educational attainment, international recode [general version] EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Less than primary completed 2 Primary completed 3 Secondary completed 4 University completed 9 Unknown Education Variables -- PERSON Educational attainment, international recode [detailed version] EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Less than primary completed (n.s.) 110 No schooling 120 Some primary completed 130 Primary (4 yrs) completed 211 Primary (5 yrs) completed 212 Primary (6 yrs) completed 221 Lower secondary general completed 222 Lower secondary technical completed 311 Secondary, general track completed 312 Some college completed 320 Secondary or post-secondary technical completed 321 Secondary, technical track completed 322 Post-secondary technical education 400 University completed 999 Unknown/missing Education Variables -- PERSON Years of schooling YRSCHOOL indicates the highest grade/level of schooling the person had completed, in years. Only formal schooling is counted. YRSCHOOL accounts for the number of years of study, regardless of the track or kind of study. Information on degree and/or technical track is available in EDATTAIN. Years of schooling for Israel, categorized into intervals, are given in YRSCHOOL2. Users should pay close attention to the top-codes in each sample, as discussed in the comparability section. 00 None or pre-school 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years or more 90 Not specified 91 Some primary 92 Some technical after primary 93 Some secondary 94 Some tertiary 95 Adult literacy 96 Special education 98 Unknown/missing 99 NIU (not in universe) Education Variables -- PERSON Educational attainment, Malawi EDUCMW indicates the person's educational attainment in Malawi in terms of the level of schooling completed. 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 None 11 Preschool 20 Primary education 21 Primary, standard 1 22 Primary, standard 2 23 Primary, standard 3 24 Primary, standard 4 25 Primary, standard 5 26 Primary, standard 6 27 Primary, standard 7 28 Primary, standard 8 29 Primary, unknown grade 30 Secondary education 31 Secondary, form 1 32 Secondary, form 2 33 Secondary, form 3 34 Secondary, form 4 35 Secondary, form 5 36 Secondary, form 6+ 39 Secondary, unknown grade 40 University 41 University, year 1 42 University, year 2 43 University, year 3 44 University, year 4 45 University, year 5 46 University, year 6 47 University, year 7 48 University, year 8+ 49 University, unknown year 50 Other tertiary 51 Other tertiary, year 1 52 Other tertiary, year 2 53 Other tertiary, year 3 54 Other tertiary, year 4+ 59 Other tertiary, unknown year 99 Unknown Education Variables -- PERSON Activity status (employment status) [general version] EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Employed 2 Unemployed 3 Inactive 9 Unknown/missing Work Variables -- PERSON Activity status (employment status) [detailed version] EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Employed, not specified 110 At work 111 At work, and 'student' 112 At work, and 'housework' 113 At work, and 'seeking work' 114 At work, and 'retired' 115 At work, and 'no work' 116 At work, and other situation 117 At work, family holding, not specified 118 At work, family holding, not agricultural 119 At work, family holding, agricultural 120 Have job, not at work in reference period 130 Armed forces 131 Armed forces, at work 132 Armed forces, not at work in reference period 133 Military trainee 140 Marginally employed 200 Unemployed, not specified 201 Unemployed 6 or more months 202 Worked fewer than 6 months, permanent job 203 Worked fewer than 6 months, temporary job 210 Unemployed, experienced worker 220 Unemployed, new worker 230 No work available 240 Inactive unemployed 300 Inactive (not in labor force) 301 Unavailable jobseekers 302 Available potential jobseekers 310 Housework 320 Health reasons, unable to work, or disabled 321 Permanent disability 322 Temporary illness 323 Disabled or imprisoned 330 In school 340 Retirees and living on rent 341 Living on rents 342 Living on rents or pension 343 Retirees/pensioners 344 Retired 345 Pensioner 346 Non-retirement pension 347 Disability pension 348 Retired without benefits 350 Elderly 351 Elderly or disabled 360 Institutionalized 361 Prisoner 370 Intermittent worker 371 Not working, seasonal worker 372 Not working, occasional worker 380 Other income recipient 390 Inactive, other reasons 391 Too young to work 392 Dependent 999 Unknown/missing Work Variables -- PERSON Labor force participation LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable identifying whether a person participated in the labor force. Labor force participation generally means working or seeking work within a specified reference period. For most samples LABFORCE is a recode of EMPSTAT (employment status). A consistent lower age universe of 15 or older has been applied to increase comparability across samples. Full detail is retained in EMPSTAT, which should be used for any study of child labor. 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Work Variables -- PERSON Occupation, ISCO general OCCISCO records the person's primary occupation, coded according to the major categories in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) scheme for 1988. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is typically the one in which the person had spent the most time or earned the most money. 01 Legislators, senior officials and managers 02 Professionals 03 Technicians and associate professionals 04 Clerks 05 Service workers and shop and market sales 06 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 07 Crafts and related trades workers 08 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 09 Elementary occupations 10 Armed forces 11 Other occupations, unspecified or n.e.c. 97 Response suppressed 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Work Variables -- PERSON Occupation, unrecoded OCC records the person's primary occupation, classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is usually the one in which the person spent the most time or earned the most money, although this may not have been explicit in the instructions for a specific census. To ensure confidentiality, very small occupations are recoded to a residual category indicating the persons had an occupation, but the job title is not identified. The number of cases recoded should be too small to affect analyses. OCC is a 4-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 4 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. Argentina 1970 - see Variable: AR1970A_OCC3 - Occupation [3 digit] Argentina 1980 - see Variable: AR1980A_OCC - Occupation Argentina 1991 - see Variable: AR1991A_OCC - Occupation Argentina 2001 - see Variable: AR2001A_OCC4 - Occupation (4-digits) Armenia 2011 - see Variable: AM2011A_OCC - Occupation Austria 1971 - see Variable: AT1971A_OCCSM - Occupation of supporter: sub-major groups Austria 1981 - see Variable: AT1981A_OCCSM - Occupation of supporter: sub-major groups Austria 1991 - see Variable: AT1991A_OCCSM - Occupation of supporter: sub-major groups Austria 2001 - see Variable: AT2001A_OCCSM - Occupation of supporter: sub-major groups Belarus 1999 - see Variable: BY1999A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits Belarus 2009 - see Variable: BY2009A_OCC - Occupation Benin 1979 - see Variable: BJ1979A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits) Benin 1992 - see Variable: BJ1992A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits) Benin 2002 - see Variable: BJ2002A_OCC - Occupation (3-digits) Benin 2013 - see Variable: BJ2013A_OCC - Occupation (3-digit) Bolivia 1976 - see Variable: BO1976A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits Bolivia 1992 - see Variable: BO1992A_OCC - Occupation Bolivia 2001 - see Variable: BO2001A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits Bolivia 2012 - see Variable: BO2012A_OCC2 - Occupation (3 digit) Botswana 1981 - see Variable: BW1981A_OCC - Occupation Botswana 1991 - see Variable: BW1991A_OCC - Occupation (last 30 days) Botswana 2001 - see Variable: BW2001A_OCC - Occupation in the past 7 days, 3 digit Botswana 2011 - see Variable: BW2011A_OCC - Occupation, 3-digits Brazil 1960 - see Variable: BR1960A_USUALOCC - Usual occupation Brazil 1970 - see Variable: BR1970A_MAINOCC - Principal occupation Brazil 1980 - see Variable: BR1980A_OCC - Occupation Brazil 1991 - see Variable: BR1991A_OCC - Occupation Brazil 2000 - see Variable: BR2000A_OCC - Occupation, 4 digits Brazil 2010 - see Variable: BR2010A_OCC - Occupation held from July 25 to July 31, 2010 Burkina Faso 1985 - see Variable: BF1985A_OCC - Principal occupation Burkina Faso 1996 - see Variable: BF1996A_OCC - Principal occupation Cambodia 1998 - see Variable: KH1998A_OCC - Occupation Cambodia 2004 - see Variable: KH2004A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits) Cambodia 2008 - see Variable: KH2008A_OCC - Occupation Cambodia 2013 - see Variable: KH2013A_OCC - Occupation (3-digits) Cambodia 2019 - see Variable: KH2019A_OCC1 - Occupation, 1-digit Cameroon 1976 - see Variable: CM1976A_OCC2 - Occupation (2 digits) Cameroon 2005 - see Variable: CM2005A_OCC - Occupation Canada 1971 - see Variable: CA1971A_OCC - Occupation Canada 1981 - see Variable: CA1981A_OCC - Occupation (1981 classification basis) Canada 1991 - see Variable: CA1991A_OCC80 - Occupation (1980 classification basis) Canada 2001 - see Variable: CA2001A_NOCS01P - Occupation (2001 national occupational classification for statistics) Canada 2011 - see Variable: CA2011A_OCC - Occupation Chile 1960 - see Variable: CL1960A_OCC - Occupation Chile 1970 - see Variable: CL1970A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Chile 1982 - see Variable: CL1982A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Chile 1992 - see Variable: CL1992A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Chile 2002 - see Variable: CL2002A_OCC - Occupation China 1982 - see Variable: CN1982A_OCC - Occupation China 1990 - see Variable: CN1990A_OCC - Occupation China 2000 - see Variable: CN2000A_OCC - Occupation (2-digit) Colombia 1964 - see Variable: CO1964A_OCC2 - Occupation (COTA, 4 digits) Colombia 1973 - see Variable: CO1973A_OCC - Occupation last week Costa Rica 1973 - see Variable: CR1973A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits Costa Rica 1984 - see Variable: CR1984A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits Costa Rica 2000 - see Variable: CR2000A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits Costa Rica 2011 - see Variable: CR2011A_OCC - Occupation, 2-digit Cuba 2002 - see Variable: CU2002A_OCC - Occupation Cuba 2012 - see Variable: CU2012A_OCC3 - Main occupation (3-digit) Côte d'Ivoire 1998 - see Variable: CI1998A_OCC2 - Current occupation (2-digit) Dominican Republic 1960 - see Variable: DO1960A_OCC - Occupation Dominican Republic 1970 - see Variable: DO1970A_OCC1 - Current occupation, 3 digits Dominican Republic 1981 - see Variable: DO1981A_OCC - Occupation Dominican Republic 2002 - see Variable: DO2002A_OCC - Occupation Dominican Republic 2010 - see Variable: DO2010A_OCC - Occupation Ecuador 1962 - see Variable: EC1962A_OCC - Occupation Ecuador 1974 - see Variable: EC1974A_OCC3 - Occupation, three digits Ecuador 1982 - see Variable: EC1982A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits Ecuador 1990 - see Variable: EC1990A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits Ecuador 2001 - see Variable: EC2001A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits Ecuador 2010 - see Variable: EC2010A_OCC3 - Occupation (3 digits, ISCO 08) Egypt 1986 - see Variable: EG1986A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Egypt 2006 - see Variable: EG2006A_OCC - Primary occupation, 3-digit El Salvador 1992 - see Variable: SV1992A_OCC - Occupation (3-digit) El Salvador 2007 - see Variable: SV2007A_OCC3DIG - Occupation (3-digit) Ethiopia 1984 - see Variable: ET1984A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit) Ethiopia 1994 - see Variable: ET1994A_OCC - Occupation Fiji 1976 - see Variable: FJ1976A_OCC - Occupation Fiji 1986 - see Variable: FJ1986A_OCC - Occupation Fiji 1996 - see Variable: FJ1996A_OCC3 - Occupation (3 digits) Fiji 2007 - see Variable: FJ2007A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits Fiji 2014 - see Variable: FJ2014A_OCC3 - Occupation (3 digits) Finland 2010 - see Variable: FI2010A_OCC - Occupation France 1962 - see Variable: FR1962A_SOCCUP - SAPHIR occupation France 1968 - see Variable: FR1968A_SOCC - SAPHIR occupation France 1975 - see Variable: FR1975A_SOCC - SAPHIR occupation France 1982 - see Variable: FR1982A_SOCC - SAPHIR occupation France 1990 - see Variable: FR1990A_SOCC - Saphir occupation France 1999 - see Variable: FR1999A_OCC - Occupation, ISCO France 2006 - see Variable: FR2006A_PROF486 - Detailed profession (4-digit) France 2011 - see Variable: FR2011A_PROF - Profession, 486 categories Germany 1970 - see Variable: DE1970A_OCC - Occupation Germany 1981 - see Variable: DE1981A_OCC - Occupation Germany 1987 - see Variable: DE1987A_OCC - Occupation Ghana 1984 - see Variable: GH1984A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits Ghana 2000 - see Variable: GH2000A_OCC - Occupation Ghana 2010 - see Variable: GH2010A_OCC - Occupation (major groups) Greece 1971 - see Variable: GR1971A_OCC - Occupation Greece 1981 - see Variable: GR1981A_OCC - Occupation Greece 1991 - see Variable: GR1991A_OCC - Occupation Greece 2001 - see Variable: GR2001A_OCC - Occupation Greece 2011 - see Variable: GR2011A_OCC - Occupation Guatemala 1964 - see Variable: GT1964A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits) Guatemala 1973 - see Variable: GT1973A_OCC3 - Principal occupation (3-digits) Guatemala 1981 - see Variable: GT1981A_OCC3 - Principal occupation (3-digits) Guatemala 1994 - see Variable: GT1994A_OCC - Principal occupation (1-digit) Guatemala 2002 - see Variable: GT2002A_OCC3 - Principal occupation (3-digits) Guinea 1983 - see Variable: GN1983A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits Guinea 1996 - see Variable: GN1996A_OCC - Occupation Guinea 2014 - see Variable: GN2014A_OCC - Occupation (3-digit) Haiti 1982 - see Variable: HT1982A_OCC - Main occupation or profession Haiti 2003 - see Variable: HT2003A_OCC2 - Occupation, 3 digits Honduras 1961 - see Variable: HN1961A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits) Honduras 1974 - see Variable: HN1974A_OCC2 - Occupation (3-digits) Honduras 1988 - see Variable: HN1988A_OCC4 - Occupation (4-digits) Honduras 2001 - see Variable: HN2001A_OCC - Occupation (4-digit) Honduras 2013 - see Variable: HN2013A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Hungary 1970 - see Variable: HU1970A_OCC - Occupation Hungary 1980 - see Variable: HU1980A_OCC - Occupation, scope of activity Hungary 1990 - see Variable: HU1990A_OCC - Occupation Hungary 2001 - see Variable: HU2001A_OCC - Occupation Hungary 2011 - see Variable: HU2011A_OCC - Occupation Indonesia 1971 - see Variable: ID1971A_OCC - Occupation Indonesia 1976 - see Variable: ID1976A_OCC - Primary occupation during past week Indonesia 1980 - see Variable: ID1980A_OCC - Primary occupation during the previous week (3 digit version) Indonesia 1985 - see Variable: ID1985A_OCC - Primary occupation Indonesia 1990 - see Variable: ID1990A_OCC - Main occupation last week Indonesia 1995 - see Variable: ID1995A_OCC - Occupation Indonesia 2005 - see Variable: ID2005A_OCC - Occupation Iran 2006 - see Variable: IR2006A_OCC4 - Occupation Iran 2011 - see Variable: IR2011A_OCC - Occupation (3-digit) Iraq 1997 - see Variable: IQ1997A_OCC - Occupation Ireland 1971 - see Variable: IE1971A_OCC - Occupation Ireland 1981 - see Variable: IE1981A_OCC - Occupation Ireland 1986 - see Variable: IE1986A_OCC - Occupation group Ireland 1991 - see Variable: IE1991A_OCC - Occupation group Ireland 1996 - see Variable: IE1996A_OCC - Occupation Ireland 2002 - see Variable: IE2002A_OCC - Occupation Ireland 2006 - see Variable: IE2006A_OCC - Occupation group Ireland 2011 - see Variable: IE2011A_OCC - Occupation (shuffled) Ireland 2016 - see Variable: IE2016A_OCC - Occupation (groups) Israel 1972 - see Variable: IL1972A_OCC - Occupation Israel 1983 - see Variable: IL1983A_OCC - Occupation Israel 1995 - see Variable: IL1995A_OCC - Occupation Israel 2008 - see Variable: IL2008A_OCC - Occupation Italy 2001 - see Variable: IT2001A_OCC - Occupation Italy 2011 - see Variable: IT2011A_WKTYPE - Type of work Jamaica 1982 - see Variable: JM1982A_OCC - Occupation during past week / in last job Jamaica 1991 - see Variable: JM1991A_OCC - Occupation during past week/in last job Jamaica 2001 - see Variable: JM2001A_OCC3 - Occupation 3-digit Jordan 2004 - see Variable: JO2004A_OCC3 - Major current occupation (3-digit) Kenya 1989 - see Variable: KE1989A_OCC4 - Occupation, 4 digits Kenya 2019 - see Variable: KE2019A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Kyrgyzstan 1999 - see Variable: KG1999A_OCC - Main activity Laos 1995 - see Variable: LA1995A_OCC1 - Main occupation in the last 12 months (1-digit) Lesotho 1996 - see Variable: LS1996A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits) Lesotho 2006 - see Variable: LS2006A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits) Liberia 1974 - see Variable: LR1974A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit) Liberia 2008 - see Variable: LR2008A_OCC - Occupation Malawi 1987 - see Variable: MW1987A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digit Malawi 1998 - see Variable: MW1998A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2-digit Malawi 2008 - see Variable: MW2008A_OCC2 - Occupation (2 digits) Malawi 2018 - see Variable: MW2018A_OCC1 - Main occupation (1-digit) Malaysia 1970 - see Variable: MY1970A_OCC - Occupation last week Malaysia 1980 - see Variable: MY1980A_OCC3 - Principal occupation last week (3 digits) Malaysia 1991 - see Variable: MY1991A_OCC3 - Principal occupation (3 digits) Malaysia 2000 - see Variable: MY2000A_OCC3 - Occupation -- 3 digits Mali 1987 - see Variable: ML1987A_OCC - Occupation last month Mali 1998 - see Variable: ML1998A_OCC - Main occupation Mali 2009 - see Variable: ML2009A_OCC - Principal occupation Mauritius 1990 - see Variable: MU1990A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Mauritius 2000 - see Variable: MU2000A_OCC4 - Occupation (4 digit) Mauritius 2011 - see Variable: MU2011A_OCC4 - Occupation (4-digit) Mexico 1960 - see Variable: MX1960A_OCC2 - Principal occupation, 2 digits Mexico 1970 - see Variable: MX1970A_OCC3 - Occupation 3 digit Mexico 1990 - see Variable: MX1990A_OCC - Occupation, 4 digits Mexico 1995 - see Variable: MX1995A_OCC - Occupation Mexico 2000 - see Variable: MX2000A_OCC4 - Occupation, 4 digits Mexico 2010 - see Variable: MX2010A_OCC - Occupation or trade Mexico 2015 - see Variable: MX2015A_OCC - Occupation Mexico 2020 - see Variable: MX2020A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits) Mongolia 2000 - see Variable: MN2000A_OCC - Occupation Mongolia 2010 - see Variable: MN2010A_OCC3 - Occupation 3 digits (ISCO-2008) Mongolia 2020 - see Variable: MN2020A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Morocco 1982 - see Variable: MA1982A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Morocco 1994 - see Variable: MA1994A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3-digit Morocco 2004 - see Variable: MA2004A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit) Morocco 2014 - see Variable: MA2014A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit) Mozambique 1997 - see Variable: MZ1997A_OCC2 - Occupation 3-digit Mozambique 2007 - see Variable: MZ2007A_OCC - Occupation Mozambique 2017 - see Variable: MZ2017A_OCC3 - Main occupation (3-digits ISCO 2008) Myanmar 2014 - see Variable: MM2014A_OCC - Occupation Nepal 2001 - see Variable: NP2001A_OCC - Usual occupation Nepal 2011 - see Variable: NP2011A_OCC1 - Occupation (1-digit) Netherlands 1960 - see Variable: NL1960A_OCC - Occupation Netherlands 1971 - see Variable: NL1971A_OCC - Occupation Netherlands 2001 - see Variable: NL2001A_OCC - Occupation Netherlands 2011 - see Variable: NL2011A_OCC - Occupation (1-digit) Nicaragua 1971 - see Variable: NI1971A_OCC - Occupation Nicaragua 1995 - see Variable: NI1995A_OCC - Occupation (ISCO 88, 3 digits) Nicaragua 2005 - see Variable: NI2005A_OCC3 - Occupation (ISCO 88, 3 digits) Pakistan 1973 - see Variable: PK1973A_OCC3 - Occupation Palestine 1997 - see Variable: PS1997A_OCC - Main occupation Palestine 2007 - see Variable: PS2007A_OCC - Main occupation Palestine 2017 - see Variable: PS2017A_OCC - Occupation Panama 1960 - see Variable: PA1960A_OCC4 - Occupation (4-digit) Panama 1970 - see Variable: PA1970A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2-digit Panama 1980 - see Variable: PA1980A_OCC2 - Occupation (3-digit) Panama 1990 - see Variable: PA1990A_OCC - Occupation Panama 2000 - see Variable: PA2000A_OCC - Occupation Panama 2010 - see Variable: PA2010A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits Papua New Guinea 1980 - see Variable: PG1980A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits Papua New Guinea 1990 - see Variable: PG1990A_OCC - Occupation Papua New Guinea 2000 - see Variable: PG2000A_OCC - Occupation (4-digit) Paraguay 1962 - see Variable: PY1962A_OCC1 - Occupation (1-digit) Paraguay 1972 - see Variable: PY1972A_OCC3 - Occupation (3 digits) Paraguay 1982 - see Variable: PY1982A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3-digits Paraguay 1992 - see Variable: PY1992A_OCC2 - Main occupation, 3 digits Paraguay 2002 - see Variable: PY2002A_OCC - Occupation (4 digits) Peru 1993 - see Variable: PE1993A_OCC - Occupation (3 digits) Peru 2007 - see Variable: PE2007A_OCC - Main occupation last week (3 digits) Peru 2017 - see Variable: PE2017A_OCC1 - Occupation (1-digit, in primary job last week) Philippines 1990 - see Variable: PH1990A_OCC - Occupation Philippines 2000 - see Variable: PH2000A_OCC - Occupation Philippines 2010 - see Variable: PH2010A_OCC3 - Usual occupation (3-digit) Poland 1978 - see Variable: PL1978A_OCC - Occupation Poland 1988 - see Variable: PL1988A_OCC - Main occupation Poland 2002 - see Variable: PL2002A_OCC - Occupation Portugal 1981 - see Variable: PT1981A_OCC - Main occupation Portugal 1991 - see Variable: PT1991A_OCC - Main occupation Portugal 2001 - see Variable: PT2001A_OCC - Main occupation Portugal 2011 - see Variable: PT2011A_OCC - Main occupation Puerto Rico 1970 - see Variable: PR1970A_OCC - Occupation Puerto Rico 1980 - see Variable: PR1980A_OCC - Occupation Puerto Rico 1990 - see Variable: PR1990A_OCC - Occupation Puerto Rico 2000 - see Variable: PR2000A_OCC - Occupation Puerto Rico 2005 - see Variable: PR2005A_OCC - Occupation Puerto Rico 2010 - see Variable: PR2010A_OCC - Occupation Puerto Rico 2015 - see Variable: PR2015A_OCC - Occupation last week Puerto Rico 2020 - see Variable: PR2020A_OCC2010 - Occupation last week, 2010 basis Romania 1992 - see Variable: RO1992A_OCC - Occupation Romania 2002 - see Variable: RO2002A_OCC4 - Occupation, 4 digits Romania 2011 - see Variable: RO2011A_OCC - Occupation (unrecoded) Rwanda 2002 - see Variable: RW2002A_OCC - Occupation Rwanda 2012 - see Variable: RW2012A_OCC2 - Occupation (3-digit) Saint Lucia 1991 - see Variable: LC1991A_OCC - Occupation Senegal 1988 - see Variable: SN1988A_OCC - Occupation Senegal 2002 - see Variable: SN2002A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits Senegal 2013 - see Variable: SN2013A_OCC3 - Profession or occupation (3-digit) Sierra Leone 2004 - see Variable: SL2004A_OCC - Occupation Sierra Leone 2015 - see Variable: SL2015A_OCC - Main occupation in the past 12 months Slovakia 1991 - see Variable: SK1991A_OCC - Occupation (2-digit) Slovakia 2001 - see Variable: SK2001A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit) Slovakia 2011 - see Variable: SK2011A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit) Slovenia 2002 - see Variable: SI2002A_OCC - Occupation South Africa 1996 - see Variable: ZA1996A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits South Africa 2001 - see Variable: ZA2001A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digit South Africa 2007 - see Variable: ZA2007A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits South Sudan 2008 - see Variable: SS2008A_OCC - Occupation Spain 1981 - see Variable: ES1981A_OCC - Occupation Spain 1991 - see Variable: ES1991A_OCC - Occupation Spain 2001 - see Variable: ES2001A_OCC - Occupation Spain 2011 - see Variable: ES2011A_OCC - Occupation, 2-digits Sudan 2008 - see Variable: SD2008A_OCC - Occupation Suriname 2004 - see Variable: SR2004A_OCC - Occupation Suriname 2012 - see Variable: SR2012A_OCC - Occupation (groups) Switzerland 1970 - see Variable: CH1970A_ISCO - Present occupation (ISCO) Switzerland 1980 - see Variable: CH1980A_ISCO - Present occupation (ISCO-COM) Switzerland 1990 - see Variable: CH1990A_ISCO4 - Present occupation (ISCO-COM) Switzerland 2000 - see Variable: CH2000A_ISCO4 - Present occupation (ISCO-COM) Switzerland 2011 - see Variable: CH2011A_OCC - Current occupation (1-digit, ISCO-08) Tanzania 1988 - see Variable: TZ1988A_OCC - Occupation Tanzania 2002 - see Variable: TZ2002A_OCC - Occupation last week Tanzania 2012 - see Variable: TZ2012A_OCC - Occupation Thailand 1970 - see Variable: TH1970A_OCC - Principal occupation last year Thailand 1980 - see Variable: TH1980A_OCC - Occupation last year Thailand 1990 - see Variable: TH1990A_OCC3 - Occupation last year Thailand 2000 - see Variable: TH2000A_OCC3 - Occupation last year, 3 digits Togo 1960 - see Variable: TG1960A_OCC - Occupation (3-digits) Togo 1970 - see Variable: TG1970A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits) Togo 2010 - see Variable: TG2010A_OCC2 - Occupation (3-digits) Trinidad and Tobago 1980 - see Variable: TT1980A_OCC - Main occupation (2-digit) Trinidad and Tobago 1990 - see Variable: TT1990A_OCC - Main occupation during previous week (three digits) Trinidad and Tobago 2000 - see Variable: TT2000A_OCC - Main occupation (3 digits) Turkey 1985 - see Variable: TR1985A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit) Turkey 1990 - see Variable: TR1990A_OCC2 - Current occupation (2 digits) Turkey 2000 - see Variable: TR2000A_OCC2 - Current occupation, 2 digit Uganda 1991 - see Variable: UG1991A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits Uganda 2002 - see Variable: UG2002A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits Uganda 2014 - see Variable: UG2014A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits) United Kingdom 1961 - see Variable: UK1961A_OCC - Occupation United Kingdom 1971 - see Variable: UK1971A_OCC - Occupation United Kingdom 1991 - see Variable: UK1991A_OCC - Occupational classification United Kingdom 2001 - see Variable: UK2001A_OCC3 - Standard occupational classification 2000-minor United States 1960 - see Variable: US1960A_OCC - Occupation United States 1970 - see Variable: US1970A_OCC - Occupation United States 1980 - see Variable: US1980A_OCC - Occupation United States 1990 - see Variable: US1990A_OCC - Occupation United States 2000 - see Variable: US2000A_OCC - Occupation United States 2005 - see Variable: US2005A_OCC2000M - Occupation, 2000 basis, modal category assignment United States 2010 - see Variable: US2010A_OCC - Occupation United States 2015 - see Variable: US2015A_OCC - Occupation last week United States 2020 - see Variable: US2020A_OCC - Occupation last week Uruguay 1963 - see Variable: UY1963A_OCC2 - Primary occupation [2-digit] Uruguay 1975 - see Variable: UY1975A_OCC - Occupation (COTA, 3 digits) Uruguay 1985 - see Variable: UY1985A_OCC - Occupation during the past week Uruguay 1996 - see Variable: UY1996A_OCC - Occupation (ISCO 88, 3 digits) Uruguay 2006 - see Variable: UY2006A_OCC3 - Occupation (ISCO-88, 3 digits) Venezuela 1981 - see Variable: VE1981A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits Venezuela 1990 - see Variable: VE1990A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits Venezuela 2001 - see Variable: VE2001A_OCC - Occupation Vietnam 1989 - see Variable: VN1989A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits Vietnam 1999 - see Variable: VN1999A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digit Vietnam 2009 - see Variable: VN2009A_OCC - Occupation Vietnam 2019 - see Variable: VN2019A_OCC1 - Occupation, 1 digit Zambia 1990 - see Variable: ZM1990A_OCC - Occupation Zambia 2000 - see Variable: ZM2000A_OCC - Main occupation last 12 months, 3 digits Zambia 2010 - see Variable: ZM2010A_OCC2 - Main occupation last 12 months, 3 digits Zimbabwe 2012 - see Variable: ZW2012A_OCC - Occupation (3-digits) Work Variables -- PERSON Industry, general recode INDGEN recodes the industrial classifications of the various samples into twelve groups that can be fairly consistently identified across all available samples. The groupings roughly conform to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The third digit of INDGEN retains important detail among the service industries that could not be consistently distinguished in all samples. "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which a person worked. 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 Agriculture, fishing, and forestry 020 Mining and extraction 030 Manufacturing 040 Electricity, gas, water and waste management 050 Construction 060 Wholesale and retail trade 070 Hotels and restaurants 080 Transportation, storage, and communications 090 Financial services and insurance 100 Public administration and defense 110 Services, not specified 111 Business services and real estate 112 Education 113 Health and social work 114 Other services 120 Private household services 130 Other industry, n.e.c. 998 Response suppressed 999 Unknown Work Variables -- PERSON Industry, unrecoded "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which the person worked. IND is classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time, and is not recoded by IPUMS-International. IND is a 5-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 5 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. Argentina 1970 - see Variable: AR1970A_IND4 - Industry [4 digit] Argentina 1980 - see Variable: AR1980A_IND - Industry Argentina 1991 - see Variable: AR1991A_IND - Industry Argentina 2001 - see Variable: AR2001A_IND - Industry Armenia 2001 - see Variable: AM2001A_IND - Principal activity at place of work Armenia 2011 - see Variable: AM2011A_IND - Industry Austria 1971 - see Variable: AT1971A_INDBR - Economic activity of supporter: branch Austria 1981 - see Variable: AT1981A_INDBR - Economic activity of supporter: branch Austria 1991 - see Variable: AT1991A_INDBR - Economic activity of supporter: branch Austria 2001 - see Variable: AT2001A_INDBR - Economic activity of supporter: branch Austria 2011 - see Variable: AT2011A_IND - Industry Bangladesh 1991 - see Variable: BD1991A_IND - Industry Bangladesh 2001 - see Variable: BD2001A_IND - Main work field Bangladesh 2011 - see Variable: BD2011A_IND - Industry Belarus 2009 - see Variable: BY2009A_ECONACT - Industry Benin 1979 - see Variable: BJ1979A_IND - Industry (1-digit) Benin 1992 - see Variable: BJ1992A_IND3 - Industry (2-digits) Benin 2002 - see Variable: BJ2002A_IND2 - Industry (2-digits) Benin 2013 - see Variable: BJ2013A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit) Bolivia 1976 - see Variable: BO1976A_IND - Industry Bolivia 1992 - see Variable: BO1992A_IND3 - Activity, 3 digits Bolivia 2001 - see Variable: BO2001A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits Bolivia 2012 - see Variable: BO2012A_IND2 - Industry (2 digit) Botswana 1981 - see Variable: BW1981A_IND - Industry Botswana 1991 - see Variable: BW1991A_IND - Industry Botswana 2001 - see Variable: BW2001A_IND - Industry Botswana 2011 - see Variable: BW2011A_IND - Industry, 3-digits Brazil 1960 - see Variable: BR1960A_INDUSTRY - Industry Brazil 1970 - see Variable: BR1970A_INDUSTRY - Industry Brazil 1980 - see Variable: BR1980A_INDUSTRY - Industry Brazil 1991 - see Variable: BR1991A_IND - Industry Brazil 2000 - see Variable: BR2000A_IND - Industry, 5 digits Brazil 2010 - see Variable: BR2010A_IND - Industry of work from July 25 to July 31, 2010 Burkina Faso 1996 - see Variable: BF1996A_IND - Branch of activity Cambodia 1998 - see Variable: KH1998A_IND - Industry Cambodia 2004 - see Variable: KH2004A_IND3 - Industry (3-digits) Cambodia 2008 - see Variable: KH2008A_IND - Industry Cambodia 2013 - see Variable: KH2013A_IND - Industry (3-digits) Cambodia 2019 - see Variable: KH2019A_IND3 - Industy (ISIC rev 4, 3-digit) Cameroon 2005 - see Variable: CM2005A_IND - Industry Canada 1971 - see Variable: CA1971A_IND - Industry Canada 1981 - see Variable: CA1981A_IND - Industry (1981 standard industrial classification) Canada 1991 - see Variable: CA1991A_IND80 - Industry (1980 standard industrial classification) Canada 2001 - see Variable: CA2001A_IND80P - Industry (1980 Standard Industrial Classification) Canada 2011 - see Variable: CA2011A_IND - Industry Chile 1960 - see Variable: CL1960A_IND - Industry Chile 1970 - see Variable: CL1970A_IND4 - Industry (4-digit) Chile 1982 - see Variable: CL1982A_IND4 - Industry (4-digit) Chile 1992 - see Variable: CL1992A_IND - Industry Chile 2002 - see Variable: CL2002A_IND - Industry Chile 2017 - see Variable: CL2017A_IND - Industry (1-digit) China 1982 - see Variable: CN1982A_INDUSTRY - Industry China 1990 - see Variable: CN1990A_IND - Industry China 2000 - see Variable: CN2000A_IND - Industry (2-digit) Colombia 1964 - see Variable: CO1964A_IND4 - Industry, 4 digits Colombia 1973 - see Variable: CO1973A_IND - Industry Colombia 1993 - see Variable: CO1993A_IND - Industry Colombia 2005 - see Variable: CO2005A_IND - Industry (2-digit) Costa Rica 1963 - see Variable: CR1963A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits Costa Rica 1973 - see Variable: CR1973A_IND4 - Industry, 4 digits Costa Rica 1984 - see Variable: CR1984A_IND4 - Industry, 4 digits Costa Rica 2000 - see Variable: CR2000A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits Costa Rica 2011 - see Variable: CR2011A_IND - Industry 2-digit Cuba 2002 - see Variable: CU2002A_IND - Industry Cuba 2012 - see Variable: CU2012A_IND - Industry Côte d'Ivoire 1988 - see Variable: CI1988A_IND - Industry (1-digit) Côte d'Ivoire 1998 - see Variable: CI1998A_IND2 - Industry sector (detailed) Dominican Republic 1960 - see Variable: DO1960A_IND - Industry Dominican Republic 1970 - see Variable: DO1970A_IND1 - Industry, 3 digits Dominican Republic 1981 - see Variable: DO1981A_IND - Industry (3-digit) Dominican Republic 2002 - see Variable: DO2002A_IND - Industry Dominican Republic 2010 - see Variable: DO2010A_IND - Main activity of business Ecuador 1962 - see Variable: EC1962A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits Ecuador 1982 - see Variable: EC1982A_IND3 - Industry Ecuador 1990 - see Variable: EC1990A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits Ecuador 2001 - see Variable: EC2001A_IND - Industry, 3 digits Ecuador 2010 - see Variable: EC2010A_IND3 - Industry (3 digits, ISIC rev 4) Egypt 1986 - see Variable: EG1986A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit) Egypt 1996 - see Variable: EG1996A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC) Egypt 2006 - see Variable: EG2006A_IND - Industry, 3-digit El Salvador 1992 - see Variable: SV1992A_IND - Industry (3-digit) El Salvador 2007 - see Variable: SV2007A_IND3DIG - Industry (3-digit) Ethiopia 1984 - see Variable: ET1984A_IND2 - Industry Ethiopia 1994 - see Variable: ET1994A_IND - Industry Fiji 1966 - see Variable: FJ1966A_IND - Industry Fiji 1976 - see Variable: FJ1976A_IND - Industry Fiji 1986 - see Variable: FJ1986A_IND - Industry 3 digits Fiji 1996 - see Variable: FJ1996A_IND2DIG - Industry (2 digits) Fiji 2007 - see Variable: FJ2007A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digits Fiji 2014 - see Variable: FJ2014A_IND - Industry Finland 2010 - see Variable: FI2010A_IND - Industry France 1962 - see Variable: FR1962A_IND - Industry France 1968 - see Variable: FR1968A_IND41 - Industry, 41 categories France 1975 - see Variable: FR1975A_INDUN - Industry, UNO France 1982 - see Variable: FR1982A_INDUN - Industry, United Nations nomenclature France 1990 - see Variable: FR1990A_IND15 - Industry, 15 categories France 1999 - see Variable: FR1999A_INDCITI - Industry, ISIC France 2006 - see Variable: FR2006A_IND700N - Economic activity in 700 categories (2003 classification) numeric recode France 2011 - see Variable: FR2011A_IND - Industry, 732 categories Germany 1970 - see Variable: DE1970A_IND - Industry Germany 1971 - see Variable: DE1971A_IND - Industry Germany 1981 - see Variable: DE1981A_IND - Industry Germany 1987 - see Variable: DE1987A_IND - Industry Ghana 2000 - see Variable: GH2000A_IND - Industry Ghana 2010 - see Variable: GH2010A_IND - Industry (major groups) Greece 1971 - see Variable: GR1971A_IND - Industry Greece 1981 - see Variable: GR1981A_IND - Industry Greece 1991 - see Variable: GR1991A_IND - Industry Greece 2001 - see Variable: GR2001A_IND - Industry Greece 2011 - see Variable: GR2011A_IND - Industry Guatemala 1964 - see Variable: GT1964A_IND3 - Field of economic activity (3-digits) Guatemala 1973 - see Variable: GT1973A_IND3 - Industry (3-digits) Guatemala 1981 - see Variable: GT1981A_IND3 - Industry (3-digits) Guatemala 1994 - see Variable: GT1994A_IND2 - Field of economic activity (2-digits) Guatemala 2002 - see Variable: GT2002A_IND1 - Field of economic activity (1-digit) Guinea 1983 - see Variable: GN1983A_IND2 - Branch of economic activity, 2 digits Guinea 2014 - see Variable: GN2014A_IND - Industry (3-digit) Haiti 1982 - see Variable: HT1982A_IND - Branch of work Haiti 2003 - see Variable: HT2003A_IND2 - Industry, 3 digits Honduras 1961 - see Variable: HN1961A_IND - Industry (2-digits) Honduras 1974 - see Variable: HN1974A_IND - Industry (3-digits) Honduras 2001 - see Variable: HN2001A_IND - Industry (4-digit) Honduras 2013 - see Variable: HN2013A_IND3 - Economic activity (3-digit) Hungary 2001 - see Variable: HU2001A_IND - Industry, branch of economy Hungary 2011 - see Variable: HU2011A_IND - Industry Indonesia 1971 - see Variable: ID1971A_IND - Industry Indonesia 1976 - see Variable: ID1976A_IND - Industry Indonesia 1980 - see Variable: ID1980A_IND - Industry Indonesia 1985 - see Variable: ID1985A_IND - Industry of primary occupation Indonesia 1990 - see Variable: ID1990A_IND - Industry of main occupation last week Indonesia 1995 - see Variable: ID1995A_IND - Industry Indonesia 2000 - see Variable: ID2000A_IND - Industry of primary occupation Indonesia 2005 - see Variable: ID2005A_IND - Industry Indonesia 2010 - see Variable: ID2010A_IND - Industry Iran 2006 - see Variable: IR2006A_IND4 - Industry Iran 2011 - see Variable: IR2011A_IND - Industry (3-digit) Iraq 1997 - see Variable: IQ1997A_IND - Industry Ireland 1971 - see Variable: IE1971A_IND - Industry Ireland 1981 - see Variable: IE1981A_IND - Industry class Ireland 1986 - see Variable: IE1986A_IND - Industry class Ireland 1991 - see Variable: IE1991A_IND - Industry class Ireland 1996 - see Variable: IE1996A_IND - Industry class Ireland 2002 - see Variable: IE2002A_IND - Industry class Ireland 2006 - see Variable: IE2006A_IND - Industry class Ireland 2011 - see Variable: IE2011A_IND - Industry Ireland 2016 - see Variable: IE2016A_IND - Industry Israel 1972 - see Variable: IL1972A_IND - Industry Israel 1983 - see Variable: IL1983A_IND - Industry Israel 1995 - see Variable: IL1995A_IND - Industry Israel 2008 - see Variable: IL2008A_IND - Branch of economy Italy 2001 - see Variable: IT2001A_IND - Industry Italy 2011 - see Variable: IT2011A_IND - Sector of economic activity Jamaica 1982 - see Variable: JM1982A_IND - Industry or type of business during past week / in last job Jamaica 1991 - see Variable: JM1991A_IND3 - Industry during past week or in last job, 3 digits Jamaica 2001 - see Variable: JM2001A_IND3 - Industry 3-digit Jordan 2004 - see Variable: JO2004A_IND - Major current economic activity of the establishment Kenya 2019 - see Variable: KE2019A_IND1 - Industry, ISIC section Kyrgyzstan 1999 - see Variable: KG1999A_IND - Activity type of an enterprise you are working in Kyrgyzstan 2009 - see Variable: KG2009A_IND - Type of industry, enterprise or organization Laos 1995 - see Variable: LA1995A_IND2 - Main industry in the last 12 months (2-digit) Laos 2005 - see Variable: LA2005A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC 3-digit) Laos 2015 - see Variable: LA2015A_IND2 - Industry (2-digit ISIC Rev. 4) Lesotho 2006 - see Variable: LS2006A_IND - Industry (2-digits) Liberia 1974 - see Variable: LR1974A_IND - Industry (3-digit) Liberia 2008 - see Variable: LR2008A_IND - Industry Malawi 1987 - see Variable: MW1987A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digit Malawi 1998 - see Variable: MW1998A_IND4 - Industry, 4-digit Malawi 2008 - see Variable: MW2008A_IND2 - Main industry Malawi 2018 - see Variable: MW2018A_IND3 - Main industry (ISIC 2008 3-digit) Malaysia 1970 - see Variable: MY1970A_IND3 - Industry last week Malaysia 1980 - see Variable: MY1980A_IND3 - Industry last week (3 digits) Malaysia 1991 - see Variable: MY1991A_IND3 - Main industry (3 digits) Malaysia 2000 - see Variable: MY2000A_IND3 - Main industry - 3 digits Mali 1987 - see Variable: ML1987A_IND - Principal branch of employment last month Mali 1998 - see Variable: ML1998A_IND - Branch of economic activity Mali 2009 - see Variable: ML2009A_IND - Industry Mauritius 1990 - see Variable: MU1990A_IND - Industry (1-digit) Mauritius 2000 - see Variable: MU2000A_IND1 - Industry (1 digit) Mauritius 2011 - see Variable: MU2011A_IND2 - Industry (2-digit) Mexico 1960 - see Variable: MX1960A_IND - Industry Mexico 1970 - see Variable: MX1970A_IND - Industry Mexico 1990 - see Variable: MX1990A_IND5 - Industry, 5 digits Mexico 1995 - see Variable: MX1995A_IND - Industry Mexico 2000 - see Variable: MX2000A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits Mexico 2010 - see Variable: MX2010A_IND - Industry Mexico 2015 - see Variable: MX2015A_IND - Industry Mexico 2020 - see Variable: MX2020A_IND - Industry (4-digits) Mongolia 2000 - see Variable: MN2000A_IND - Industry Mongolia 2010 - see Variable: MN2010A_IND2 - Industry, division (ISIC Revision 4) Mongolia 2020 - see Variable: MN2020A_IND3 - Main industry (3-digit) Morocco 1982 - see Variable: MA1982A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit) Morocco 1994 - see Variable: MA1994A_IND2 - Industry (2 digits) Morocco 2004 - see Variable: MA2004A_IND2 - Sector of economic activity (2-digit) Morocco 2014 - see Variable: MA2014A_IND2 - Industry (2-digit) Mozambique 1997 - see Variable: MZ1997A_IND1 - Industry Mozambique 2007 - see Variable: MZ2007A_IND - Industry Mozambique 2017 - see Variable: MZ2017A_IND2 - Main economic activity (2-digits CAE Rev.2) Myanmar 2014 - see Variable: MM2014A_IND - Industry Nepal 2001 - see Variable: NP2001A_IND - Usual industry Nepal 2011 - see Variable: NP2011A_IND - Industry (2-digit) Netherlands 1960 - see Variable: NL1960A_IND - Industry Netherlands 1971 - see Variable: NL1971A_IND - Industry Netherlands 2001 - see Variable: NL2001A_IND - Industry Netherlands 2011 - see Variable: NL2011A_IND - Industry (1-digit) Nicaragua 1971 - see Variable: NI1971A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC2), 3 digits Nicaragua 1995 - see Variable: NI1995A_IND - Industry (ISIC 3.1, 3 digits) Nicaragua 2005 - see Variable: NI2005A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC 3.1, 3 digits)) Pakistan 1973 - see Variable: PK1973A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digit Palestine 1997 - see Variable: PS1997A_IND - Industry Palestine 2007 - see Variable: PS2007A_IND - Industry Palestine 2017 - see Variable: PS2017A_IND - Industry Panama 1960 - see Variable: PA1960A_IND3 - Industry (3 digit) Panama 1970 - see Variable: PA1970A_IND3 - Industry [3 digit] Panama 1980 - see Variable: PA1980A_IND - Industry, 3-digit Panama 1990 - see Variable: PA1990A_IND3 - Industry - 3 Digits Panama 2000 - see Variable: PA2000A_IND - Economic activity, 3 digits Panama 2010 - see Variable: PA2010A_IND - Economic activity, 4 digits Papua New Guinea 1980 - see Variable: PG1980A_IND - Industry, 3 digits Papua New Guinea 2000 - see Variable: PG2000A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit) Paraguay 1962 - see Variable: PY1962A_IND3 - Industry (3 digits) Paraguay 1972 - see Variable: PY1972A_IND3 - Industry (3 digits) Paraguay 1982 - see Variable: PY1982A_IND3 - Industry, 3-digits Paraguay 1992 - see Variable: PY1992A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits Paraguay 2002 - see Variable: PY2002A_IND - Industry (4 digits) Peru 1993 - see Variable: PE1993A_IND - Economic activity (4 digits) Peru 2007 - see Variable: PE2007A_IND - Economic activity (4-digits) Peru 2017 - see Variable: PE2017A_IND4 - Economic activity (4-digits, in primary job last week) Philippines 1990 - see Variable: PH1990A_IND - Industry Philippines 1995 - see Variable: PH1995A_IND - Industry Philippines 2000 - see Variable: PH2000A_IND - Industry Philippines 2010 - see Variable: PH2010A_IND3 - Kind of business or industry (3-digit) Poland 1978 - see Variable: PL1978A_IND - Industry (of person providing support) Poland 2002 - see Variable: PL2002A_IND - Industry (main employer) Portugal 1981 - see Variable: PT1981A_IND - Industry Portugal 1991 - see Variable: PT1991A_IND - Industry Portugal 2001 - see Variable: PT2001A_IND - Industry Portugal 2011 - see Variable: PT2011A_IND - Industry Puerto Rico 1970 - see Variable: PR1970A_IND1990 - Industry, 1990 basis Puerto Rico 1980 - see Variable: PR1980A_IND1990 - Industry, 1990 basis Puerto Rico 1990 - see Variable: PR1990A_IND - Industry Puerto Rico 2000 - see Variable: PR2000A_IND1990 - Industry, 1990 basis Puerto Rico 2005 - see Variable: PR2005A_IND1990 - Industry, 1990 basis Puerto Rico 2010 - see Variable: PR2010A_IND - Industry Puerto Rico 2015 - see Variable: PR2015A_IND - Industry Puerto Rico 2020 - see Variable: PR2020A_IND - Industry Romania 1977 - see Variable: RO1977A_IND - Industry of supporter Romania 1977 - see Variable: RO1977A_WKACT - Activity category Romania 1992 - see Variable: RO1992A_IND - Industry Romania 2002 - see Variable: RO2002A_IND - Industry Romania 2011 - see Variable: RO2011A_INDGEN - Industry (general categories) Rwanda 2002 - see Variable: RW2002A_IND - Industry Rwanda 2012 - see Variable: RW2012A_IND2 - Industry (3-digit) Saint Lucia 1991 - see Variable: LC1991A_IND3 - Industry, 2 digit Senegal 1988 - see Variable: SN1988A_IND - Industry Senegal 2013 - see Variable: SN2013A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit) Sierra Leone 2004 - see Variable: SL2004A_IND - Industry Slovenia 2002 - see Variable: SI2002A_IND - Industry South Africa 1996 - see Variable: ZA1996A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digits South Africa 2001 - see Variable: ZA2001A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digit South Africa 2007 - see Variable: ZA2007A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digit South Sudan 2008 - see Variable: SS2008A_IND - Industry Spain 1981 - see Variable: ES1981A_IND - Industry Spain 1991 - see Variable: ES1991A_IND - Activity of the establishment Spain 2001 - see Variable: ES2001A_IND - Industry Spain 2011 - see Variable: ES2011A_IND - Industry, 2-digits Sudan 2008 - see Variable: SD2008A_IND - Industry Suriname 2004 - see Variable: SR2004A_IND - Industry Suriname 2012 - see Variable: SR2012A_IND - Industry (groups) Switzerland 1970 - see Variable: CH1970A_IND - Branch of economic activity (industry) Switzerland 1980 - see Variable: CH1980A_IND - Branch of economic activity (industry) Switzerland 1990 - see Variable: CH1990A_IND - Branch of economic activity (industry) Switzerland 2000 - see Variable: CH2000A_IND - Branch of economic activity (industry) Switzerland 2011 - see Variable: CH2011A_IND2 - Industry of local unit, workplace (NOGA 2-digit) Tanzania 2002 - see Variable: TZ2002A_IND - Industry last week Tanzania 2012 - see Variable: TZ2012A_IND - Industry Thailand 1970 - see Variable: TH1970A_IND - Principal industry last year Thailand 1980 - see Variable: TH1980A_IND - Principal industry last year Thailand 1990 - see Variable: TH1990A_IND3 - Principal industry last year, 3 digits Thailand 2000 - see Variable: TH2000A_IND3 - Industry last year, 3 digits Togo 1970 - see Variable: TG1970A_IND - Industry (1-digit) Togo 2010 - see Variable: TG2010A_IND3 - Industry (3-digits) Trinidad and Tobago 1980 - see Variable: TT1980A_IND - Industry (2-digit) Trinidad and Tobago 1990 - see Variable: TT1990A_IND - Industry Trinidad and Tobago 2000 - see Variable: TT2000A_IND - Industry (2 digits) Turkey 1985 - see Variable: TR1985A_INDALT - Industry (2-digit) Turkey 1990 - see Variable: TR1990A_IND2 - Industry (2 digits) Turkey 2000 - see Variable: TR2000A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digit Uganda 2002 - see Variable: UG2002A_IND - Industry United Kingdom 1961 - see Variable: UK1961A_IND - Industry United Kingdom 1971 - see Variable: UK1971A_IND - Industry United Kingdom 1991 - see Variable: UK1991A_IND - Industrial classification United Kingdom 2001 - see Variable: UK2001A_IND - Industry classification United States 1960 - see Variable: US1960A_IND - Industry United States 1970 - see Variable: US1970A_IND - Industry United States 1980 - see Variable: US1980A_IND - Industry United States 1990 - see Variable: US1990A_IND - Industry United States 2000 - see Variable: US2000A_IND - Industry United States 2005 - see Variable: US2005A_IND - Industry United States 2010 - see Variable: US2010A_IND - Industry United States 2015 - see Variable: US2015A_IND - Industry United States 2020 - see Variable: US2020A_IND - Industry Uruguay 1963 - see Variable: UY1963A_IND2 - Primary industry [2-digit] Uruguay 1985 - see Variable: UY1985A_IND - Industry during the past week Uruguay 1996 - see Variable: UY1996A_IND2 - Industry (ISIC 3, 2 digits) Uruguay 2006 - see Variable: UY2006A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC rev 3, 3 digits) Venezuela 1981 - see Variable: VE1981A_IND - Industry Venezuela 1990 - see Variable: VE1990A_IND - Industry Venezuela 2001 - see Variable: VE2001A_IND - Industry Vietnam 1989 - see Variable: VN1989A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digits Vietnam 1999 - see Variable: VN1999A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digit Vietnam 2009 - see Variable: VN2009A_IND - Industry Vietnam 2019 - see Variable: VN2019A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digit Zambia 1990 - see Variable: ZM1990A_IND - Industry Zambia 2000 - see Variable: ZM2000A_IND - Type of industry, 3 digits Zambia 2010 - see Variable: ZM2010A_IND2 - Industry, 3 digits Work Variables -- PERSON Status in employment (class of worker) [general version] CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. 0 NIU (not in universe) 1 Self-employed 2 Wage/salary worker 3 Unpaid worker 4 Other 9 Unknown/missing Work Variables -- PERSON Status in employment (class of worker) [detailed version] CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Self-employed 101 Self-employed, unincorporated 102 Self-employed, incorporated 110 Employer 111 Sharecropper, employer 120 Working on own account 121 Own account, agriculture 122 Domestic worker, self-employed 123 Subsistence worker, own consumption 124 Own account, other 125 Own account, without temporary/unpaid help 126 Own account, with temporary/unpaid help 130 Member of cooperative 140 Sharecropper 141 Sharecropper, self-employed 142 Sharecropper, employee 150 Kibbutz member 199 Self-employed, not specified 200 Wage/salary worker 201 Management 202 Non-management 203 White collar (non-manual) 204 Blue collar (manual) 205 White or blue collar 206 Day laborer 207 Employee, with a permanent job 208 Employee, occasional, temporary, contract 209 Employee without legal contract 210 Wage/salary worker, private employer 211 Apprentice 212 Religious worker 213 Wage/salary worker, non-profit, NGO 214 White collar, private 215 Blue collar, private 216 Paid family worker 217 Cooperative employee 220 Wage/salary worker, government or public sector 221 Federal, government employee 222 State government employee 223 Local government employee 224 White collar, public 225 Blue collar, public 226 Public companies 227 Civil servants, local collectives 230 Domestic worker (work for private household) 240 Seasonal migrant 241 Seasonal migrant, no broker 242 Seasonal migrant, uses broker 250 Other wage and salary 251 Canal zone/commission employee 252 Government employment/training program 253 Mixed state/private enterprise/parastatal 254 Government public work program 255 State enterprise employee 256 Coordinated and continuous collaboration job 300 Unpaid worker 310 Unpaid family worker 320 Apprentice, unpaid or unspecified 330 Trainee 340 Apprentice or trainee 350 Works for others without wage 400 Other 999 Unknown/missing Work Variables -- PERSON Person number (within household) Malawi 1998: All persons This variable indicates the person number (within household). 000 Household record 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Dwelling unit number <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401" a="all">B1. Dwelling unit number _<br />B2. Person number _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A402"><span class="em">4.4 Head of household:</span> This is a person among the household members who is acknowledged by other members of the same household and is often the one who makes most decisions concerning the welfare of the members of the household.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406"><span class="em">1. All persons</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400" a="all"><span class="em">B1. DU No.</span> You should enter the dwelling unit number in which the particular member of the household belongs in column B1. Always start with the DU occupied by the head of household and proceed to the second, third, etc.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All persons This variable indicates the person's dwelling unit number. 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 Unknown Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Relationship to household head <svar v="MW98A402" a="all">B3. Relationship to head of household<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Head<br />[] 2 Wife/husband<br />[] 3 Son/daughter<br />[] 4 Other relative<br />[] 5 Non-relative<br />[] 6 Institutional member</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A026 MW98A400"><span class="em">4.5 Dwelling Unit (DU):</span> It may be defined as any structure, permanent or temporary, where people sleep. It may be hut, a house, a store with a sleeping room or rooms at the back or sides, a shelter of reeds/straw such as those used by fishermen, or any other structure where people sleep.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406"><span class="em">1. All persons</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A402" a="all"><span class="em">B3. Relationship to head of household:</span> The relationship of each member to the head of the household must be a blood relationship as opposed to the usual cultural or traditional relationship where one's brother's children are taken as one's children. In this respect, step-children or foster parents must be considered as "Other relatives". You must be particularly careful if the respondent is not the head of the household. For instance, if the respondent is the wife of the head of the household and she says that Yusuf is her son by her previous husband, then Yusuf should be taken as "Other relative" and not the head's son.<br />Note: If you are enumerating in an institution, each of the listed persons will be considered as an institutional member and will be given a code of "6".<br />If there are two or more unrelated persons in the household treat one of them as head (code 1) and the others as non-relatives (code 5).<br />Ask for the relationship of each person listed in the household to the head of the household. Record the relationship of the person to the head of the household in column B3 using the codes.<br />Caution: Please note that the respondent may not always be the head of the household and so the relationship of each member must be with reference to the head.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All persons This variable indicates the relationship of the person to the household head. 1 Head 2 Wife / husband 3 Biological son / daughter 4 Other relative 5 Non-relative 6 Institutional member Demographic Variables -- PERSON Sex <svar v="MW98A403" a="all">B4. Sex<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Male<br />[] 2 Female</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406"><span class="em">1. All persons</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A403" a="all"><span class="em">B4. Sex:</span> Fill in the appropriate code for the sex of each member of the household in column B4.<br />Note: You must not try to infer or assume the sex of a person based on the person's name and clothes he/she is wearing. For example, the name Chikondi could refer to a male or a female person. In some cases, young girls could be wearing shorts and so it is wrong to assume that because one is wearing shorts then it is a boy.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All persons This variable indicates the sex of the person. 1 Male 2 Female Demographic Variables -- PERSON Age <svar v="MW98A404" a="all">B5. Age (years) _ _<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406"><span class="em">1. All persons</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A404"><span class="em">Age:</span> Information on age is to be collected in completed years in respect of each member of the household, including babies and visitors who slept in the DU(s) belonging to the household the previous night. This can be done by asking questions such as "How old is John?" followed by, "When was John born?" Record the age in completed years and not the date of birth. If a person gives you his age with a fraction of a year, such as 8 years, 6 months or 27 years and 3 months, ignore the fraction: that is, use the 8 years or 27 years only. If a child's age is given as, for example, 9 months, record "00", that is, under one year old.<br />In some cases, a respondent may give you his/her date of birth. In such a case you should compute the person's age with reference to the date of the interview. For example, if the individual reports that he was born on 20 March 1956 and the interview is conducted on 8 September 1998, then his age will be 42 years, 5 months. However, you will record his age in completed years as only 42 years. Similarly, if a baby was born on 12 September 1997 and the interview is on 10 September 1998, the age of the baby would be exactly 11 months, 28 days. You will record the baby's age in completed years as "00": that is, the baby has not yet completed one year. In the case where only the year of birth is given and it is difficult to establish an individual's month of birth, it will be difficult to record the age in completed years. In this case, compute the individual's age by simply subtracting the year of birth from the year of interview; that is, 1998. For example, suppose a person was born in 1971 then his/her age would be 27 years (that is, 1998 - 1971).<br />In yet other cases, there are some people who do not know exactly how old they are. You are, however, required to write the age of every person and must therefore try your best to get as accurate ages as possible. You have been given a Calendar of Events to help you assess individual's age. The calendar presents a fairly good record of events which people may associate with either their own births or the births of their children. For example, if a person is unable to tell you his/her age, you should look at the person and form an impression about his/her age, having done this you refer to the calendar of events and spot the earliest event which the person remembers. Find out how old the person was at that time. If a person mentions an event and your calendar tells you that this will make him of an age which is very unlikely according to his appearance, then you must ask further questions.<br />If the person does not know or remember any of the events given in the Calendar of Events then make the best possible assessment of the age by looking at him/her, or relating his/her age to that of other members of the household or other relatives whose ages are known.<br />Once you have a correct age or a good estimate for one person within the same household try to relate ages of other persons to that age. The older the people are, the more uncertain the assessment of age is likely to be, but you should put down the age which appears more probable from the evidence you are able to collect through questions and the appearance of the person, if he is present. Particular care must be taken in assessing and recording the ages of young children. In every instance you must have the best assessment possible and you must put down the age of every person recorded. Never leave space blank.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A404" a="all"><span class="em">B5. Age:</span> Write down the age in completed years of each member of the household in two digits in column B5. For example, if a girl was born on 6 June, 1992 and you interview a respondent on 12 September, 1998 then her age is 6 years, 3 months. However, you should record only "06" (in completed years) in column B5.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All persons This variable indicates the age, in years, of the person. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 and over Demographic Variables -- PERSON Country of origin <svar v="MW98A405" a="all">B6. Nationality _________<br />Write the name of the country where the person comes from.<br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406"><span class="em">1. All persons</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A405"><span class="em">Nationality:</span> This refers to a person's country of origin.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A405" a="all"><span class="em">B6. Nationality:</span> Ask the respondent the country of origin for each person in the household and write down the name of the country in the space provided in column B6 and leave the three boxes blank. However, if the person's country of origin is Malawi, record "000" in the three boxes.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All persons This variable indicates the nationality of the person. 000 Malawi 004 Afghanistan 020 Andorra 092 Virgin Islands (UK) 100 Bulgaria 300 Greece 356 India 400 Jordan 500 Montserrat 508 Mozambique 586 Pakistan 600 Paraguay 706 Somalia 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 800 Uganda 826 United Kingdom 834 Tanzania 840 United States 894 Zambia 990 Other country Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Religion <svar v="MW98A406" a="all">B7. Religion<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Christianity<br />[] 2 Islam<br />[] 3 Other<br />[] 4 None</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406"><span class="em">1. All persons</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A406"><span class="em">Religion: </span> It is the type of worship towards God. It takes several forms such as Christianity, Islam, Bahaism, Buddhism, Confucianism, etc. Religion should not be confused with denomination.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A406" a="all"><span class="em">B7. Religion:</span> Ask the respondent about the type of religion of each member of the household. There are cases when a child's religion is not known. If the husband and his wife belong to different religions, you should assign the religion of the mother to the child. If both parents belong to the same religion then consider the child as belonging to that religion too.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: All persons This variable indicates the religion of the person. 1 Christian 2 Muslim 3 Other 4 None Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Father alive <svar v="MW98A407 MW98A408"> [Questions B8-B9 are for persons age 20 years and younger]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A407" a="all">B8. Orphanhood: is [the respondent's] father alive?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No<br />[] 3 Don't know</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A407 MW98A408"><span class="em">2. Persons age 20 years or younger</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A407 MW98A408" a="all"><span class="em">B8 and B9. Orphan hood:</span> Ask each person age 20 years or younger if his/her natural (biological) father or mother is still alive.<br />Record the survivorship status of the person's father in column B8 and that of his/her mother in column B9.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 20 years or less [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the person's father is still alive. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Mother alive <svar v="MW98A407 MW98A408"> [Questions B8-B9 are for persons age 20 years and younger]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A408" a="all">B10. Orphanhood: is [the respondent's] mother alive?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No<br />[] 3 Don't know</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A407 MW98A408"><span class="em">2. Persons age 20 years or younger</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A407 MW98A408" a="all"><span class="em">B8 and B9. Orphan hood:</span> Ask each person age 20 years or younger if his/her natural (biological) father or mother is still alive.<br />Record the survivorship status of the person's father in column B8 and that of his/her mother in column B9.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 20 years or less [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the person's mother is still alive. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Literate in English <svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"> [Questions B10-B15 are for persons age 5 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409" a="all">B10. Literacy: English<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"><span class="em">3. Persons age 5 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411"><span class="em">Literacy:</span> Literacy refers to a person's ability to read and write a simple statement in Chichewa, English or any other language. Note: This is not necessarily the same as a person's ability to speak and/or understand a particular language.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409" a="all"><span class="em">B10. Able to read and write English:</span> Ask whether each person age 5 years or older is able to read and write any simple statement in English. Record the appropriate code for the response in column B10.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the person is literate in English. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Education Variables -- PERSON Literate in Chichewa <svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"> [Questions B10-B15 are for persons age 5 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A410" a="all">B11. Literacy: Chichewa<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"><span class="em">3. Persons age 5 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411"><span class="em">Literacy:</span> Literacy refers to a person's ability to read and write a simple statement in Chichewa, English or any other language. Note: This is not necessarily the same as a person's ability to speak and/or understand a particular language.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A410" a="all"><span class="em">B11. Able to read and write Chichewa:</span> Ask whether each person age 5 years or older is able to read and write any simple statement in Chichewa. Record the appropriate code for the response in column B11.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the person is literate in Chichewa. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Education Variables -- PERSON Literate in other languages <svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"> [Questions B10-B15 are for persons age 5 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A411" a="all">B12. Literacy: other<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"><span class="em">3. Persons age 5 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411"><span class="em">Literacy:</span> Literacy refers to a person's ability to read and write a simple statement in Chichewa, English or any other language. Note: This is not necessarily the same as a person's ability to speak and/or understand a particular language.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A411" a="all"><span class="em">B12. Able to read and write other language:</span> Ask whether each person age 5 years or older is able to read and write any simple statement in any language. Record the appropriate code for the response in column B12.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the person is literate in other languages besides English and Chichewa. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Education Variables -- PERSON School <svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"> [Questions B10-B15 are for persons age 5 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A412" a="all">B13. Education: [was the respondent] in school August 1998?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"><span class="em">3. Persons age 5 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A412"><span class="em">Education:</span> Education/school refers to formal education or schools that are primary and secondary, distant Education Centers or University. Education in this context does not include further training such as teacher's training or technical colleges, short courses, or Adult Literacy Schools.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A412" a="all"><span class="em">B13. In school August, 1998:</span> For each person aged 5 years and over, ask whether he/she was attending any formal education institution (school/university) in August, 1998. Record the appropriate code in column B13.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates if the person was attending school in August 1998. 1 Yes 2 No 9 NIU (not in universe) Education Variables -- PERSON Highest education grade attended <svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"> [Questions B10-B15 are for persons age 5 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A413" a="all">B14. Education: highest level attended?<br /><div class="i1">[] 00 None<br />Primary:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Standard 1<br />[] 02 Standard 2<br />[] 03 Standard 3<br />[] 04 Standard 4<br />[] 05 Standard 5<br />[] 06 Standard 6<br />[] 07 Standard 7<br />[] 08 Standard 8</div><br /><div class="i1">Secondary:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 09 Form 1<br />[] 10 Form 2<br />[] 11 Form 3<br />[] 12 Form 4<br />[] 13 Form 5<br />[] 14 Form 6</div><br /><div class="i1">University:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 15 Year 1<br />[] 16 Year 2<br />[] 17 Year 3<br />[] 18 Year 4<br />[] 19 Year 5<br />[] 20 Year 6<br />[] 21 Year 7</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"><span class="em">3. Persons age 5 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A413"><span class="em">Highest level of education attended:</span> This refers to the highest level of education a person <span class="ital">attended</span>, irrespective of whether or not he or she has actually written or passed any examination at that level. This is also irrespective of whether or not one was in school or not in August, 1998.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A413" a="all"><span class="em">B14. Highest level attended:</span> Ask the respondent about the highest level of education attended for each member of the household aged 5 years or over. Record the appropriate code in the two boxes in column B14. For example, for a man who reached but did not complete standard 7, he should be considered as having attended 7 years of primary school. You should record '07' in column B14. If a girl repeated standard 8, her highest level attended will be standard 8 and you should record "08" in column B14.<br /><div class="i1">a. In the case of primary and secondary schools, you should record the highest class or form attended. Most people who left school before 1966 will tend to give the names of the classes used when they were at school and which are no longer being used. In this case, before you enter the number referring to the highest class reached, you must ask for the year in which they left school. This will enable you to convert their answers to the modern class names through the use of an "Educational Conversion Chart" which is on page 17 of this manual. For instance, Sub A and Sub B are to be recorded as standards 1 and 2 respectively; old standard 5 as standard 7; old standard 8 as form 2, respectively, etc. You should always check whether the person is giving old class names before making an entry in the questionnaire.<br />b. Some people may not remember the highest class or standard they reached, and others may have been educated in another country where different names are given to classes. In such cases you should ask how many years that they spent at school and enter the appropriate code for the class from the chart. Bear in mind that pupils sometimes repeat classes and where appropriate you should ask a question about this. In particular you must not assume that because a person spent more than eight years at school then it means he attended a secondary school. You will only record him as attending secondary school if he confirms that he actually did so.</div><br />[Education conversion chart, showing current equivalence to historical education classifications is omitted]<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's highest education level attended. 00 None 01 Primary: Standard 1 02 Primary: Standard 2 03 Primary: Standard 3 04 Primary: Standard 4 05 Primary: Standard 5 06 Primary: Standard 6 07 Primary: Standard 7 08 Primary: Standard 8 09 Secondary: Form 1 10 Secondary: Form 2 11 Secondary: Form 3 12 Secondary: Form 4 13 Secondary: Form 5 14 Secondary: Form 6 15 University: First year 16 University: Second year 17 University: Third year 18 University: Fourth year 19 University: Fifth year 20 University: Sixth year 21 University: Seventh year 99 NIU (not in universe) Education Variables -- PERSON Highest education qualification attained <svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"> [Questions B10-B15 are for persons age 5 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A414" a="all">B15. Education: highest qualification attained?<br /><div class="i1">[] 0 None<br />[] 1 PSLC<br />[] 2 JC<br />[] 3 MSCE<br />[] 4 GCE "A" Level<br />[] 5 Diploma<br />[] 6 Degree</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414"><span class="em">3. Persons age 5 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A414"><span class="em">Highest qualification attained:</span> This means one had sat for an examination of a certain class in the formal education system (i.e. primary/secondary school or university) which he/she passed and was awarded a certificate of recognition (e.g. PSLC, JC, MSCE, GCE "A level", University diploma or degree).<br />If, for example, someone reached Form 4 but did not pass MSCE, then his highest qualification attainment is JC and not MSCE. If someone went up to standard 8 but did not obtain the Primary School Leaving Certificate, he must be regarded as having no education qualification; that is his highest educational qualification will be "None".<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A414" a="all"><span class="em">B15. Highest qualification attained:</span> Ask the respondent about the highest education qualification attained by each member of the household age 5 years and older. Write down the appropriate code in column B15.<br />It is important that you should first of all find out exactly what certificate the household member is currently holding before filling column B15.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's highest education qualification attained. 0 None 1 PSLC 2 JC 3 MSCE 4 GCE 'A' Level 5 Diploma 6 Degree 9 NIU (not in universe) Education Variables -- PERSON Marital status <svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"> [Questions B16-B19 are for persons age 10 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415" a="all">B16. Marital status<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Married<br />[] 2 Widowed<br />[] 3 Divorced/separated<br />[] 4 Never married</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><span class="em">4. Persons age 10 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415"><span class="em">Marital status:</span> It is important that you first ask if each member of the household age 10 years or older has ever been married. If "Yes", find out if he or she is currently married, divorced or widowed; if "No", you will record the marital status of the person as never married. Alternatively, you may ask the question "Are you married?" In this case it is necessary to ensure that the answer given by the respondent to your question on this topic is precise. For instance, when a person says "I am not married" (<span class="lang">"sindili pa banja"</span> or <span class="lang">"sindinakwatire"</span>) you may not be able to know whether she is a divorcee, or a widow or has never married at all unless you probe further.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415" a="all"><span class="em">B16. Marital status:</span> Ask each person aged 10 years or more about his/her current marital status. Enter the appropriate code for the response in column B16.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the marital status of the person. 1 Married 2 Widowed 3 Divorced/separated 4 Never married 9 NIU (not in universe) Demographic Variables -- PERSON Employment status last week <svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"> [Questions B16-B19 are for persons age 10 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420" a="MW98A416">B17. Economic activity - type of activity last week<br />What was [the respondent] doing the last 7 days?<br /><div class="i1">Active:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 <span class="lang">Mlimi</span> [subsistence farmer]<br />[] 02 Employee<br />[] 03 Family business worker<br />[] 04 Self-employed<br />[] 05 Employer</div><br /><div class="i1">Unemployed:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Worked before, seeking work<br />[] 07 Worked before, non seeking work<br />[] 08 Never worked before, seeking work</div><br /><div class="i1">Inactive:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 09 Non-worker (never worked before and not seeking work)<br />[] 10 Home worker<br />[] 11 Student<br />[] 12 Other</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><span class="em">4. Persons age 10 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A416"><span class="em">Economic activity status:</span> It refers to the <span class="ital">main</span> economic activity that a person has been engaged in during the last seven days. Economic Activity Status is categorized into two major groups as follows:<br /><span class="ital">1. Economically active</span><br />a. <span class="lang">Mlimi</span> (subsistence farmer): Is a person whose sole or principal work is in the family garden. Women will be classified as "mlimi" if over the year they have spent more time working in the garden than working in the home, without pay, on domestic duties. If the person who would otherwise qualify as a "mlimi" had a job for pay during the "last seven days" then he or she should be treated as an employee. If he or she usually works in the family garden but did not do any work in the garden and was not employed during the "last seven days", he/she should be recorded as "mlimi" (that is, as though on holiday with a job to go back to).<br />b. Employee: Is a person who works for a public or private employer and receives a wage, salary or payment at piece-rates.<br />c. Family business worker: Is a person who works without pay in a business owned by a relative on a more or less full-time basis and is not engaged in any other economic activity.<br />d. Self-employed: Is a person who operates his or her own business or other economic enterprises, or engages independently in a profession or trade and does not hire any employees but may be assisted by family members.<br />e. Employer: Is a person who operates his or her own business or other economic enterprise, or engages independently in a profession or trade and employs one or more persons. (Note: this does not include managers or others who hire staff on behalf of their company unless they own the company).<br />Note: A person who had a job or enterprise but who has temporarily absent during the reference period due to injury, illness, vacation or other leave should be classified according to his job or enterprise as an employee, a family business worker, self- employed or an employer.<br />Unemployed: Is one who did no work the "last seven days" and did not have a job or business, but was available for or seeking work. Such persons may have worked before or have never worked before. These fall into one of the following categories:<br /><div class="i1">i. Worked before and seeking work<br />ii. Worked before and not seeking work<br />iii. Never worked before and seeking work</div><br /><span class="ital">2. Economically inactive</span><br />a. Non-worker (never worked before and not seeking work): Is a person who has never worked before and is at the moment not making any effort to seek work.<br />b. Homeworker: Is one who spends most of his or her time throughout the year, working without pay on domestic duties, such as cooking, washing or cleaning household surroundings.<br />c. Student: Is one who is under full-time instruction at a formal educational institution as long as he/she did not work during the last seven days.<br />d. Other: This category includes:<br /><div class="i1">i. Any person who did not work the last seven days because either he was not able to work and relies on others, or there was no need for him to work and relies on others.<br />ii. Any person who did not work the last seven days because there was no need and relies on his or her own income, for example, pensioners.</div><br />Note: It may be necessary to ask several probing questions in order to determine a person's activity status.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A416" a="all"><span class="em">B17. Type of activity last 7 days:</span> What was [the person] doing the last seven days? For each person aged 10 years or more, ask about his/her main economic activity in which he/she had been engaged during the last seven days. Write the code of the activity in which the person has been engaged in during the last seven days in column B17. If such people are females skip to B20, otherwise, go to the next person or Part C.<br />Note: For persons whose economic activity is <span class="lang">Mlimi</span> in B17 should be recorded as "<span class="lang">Mlimi</span>" under occupation in column B18 and "Mixed farming" under industry in column B19.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the employment status of the person last week. 01 Farmer 02 Employee 03 Family business 04 Self employed 05 Employer 06 Unemployed, seeking work 07 Unemployed, not seeking work 08 Never worked, seeking work 09 Never worked, not seeking work 10 Homeworker 11 Student 12 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) Work Variables -- PERSON Occupation, 1-digit <svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"> [Questions B16-B19 are for persons age 10 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420" a="MW98A416">B17. Economic activity - type of activity last week<br />What was [the respondent] doing the last 7 days?<br /><div class="i1">Active:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 <span class="lang">Mlimi</span> [subsistence farmer]<br />[] 02 Employee<br />[] 03 Family business worker<br />[] 04 Self-employed<br />[] 05 Employer</div><br /><div class="i1">Unemployed:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Worked before, seeking work<br />[] 07 Worked before, non seeking work<br />[] 08 Never worked before, seeking work</div><br /><div class="i1">Inactive:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 09 Non-worker (never worked before and not seeking work)<br />[] 10 Home worker<br />[] 11 Student<br />[] 12 Other</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><div class="i1">[For codes 09-12]: If female, skip to B20. Otherwise, go to the next person or to Part C.</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418" a="all">B18. Economic activity: occupation<br /><div class="i1">What is this person's main occupation? ______<br />For example: (teacher, nurse, driver, mechanic, carpenter, etc.)</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><span class="em">4. Persons age 10 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418"><span class="em">Occupation:</span> The basis of the classification of occupation is the trade, profession or type of work performed by an individual during the last seven days. The person's occupation is generally related to his training or experience, although this may not always be the case. As an example, the occupation of the driver of a bus is "bus driver", even if he owns the bus and operates it as one-man business (that is, he is self-employed). If the bus driver lost his job and has taken up a temporary post on a farm as a labor then his occupation is now a "farm laborer". Other examples of occupation are teacher, nurse, mechanic, carpenter, etc. A list of occupations and their codes is provided in Appendix B.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418" a="all"><span class="em">B18. Occupation:</span> Write the exact occupation for persons who are "Active" or "Unemployed but worked before" in the space provided in column B18 and leave the two boxes blank. Do not ask the questions on occupation for those who are "Non-workers" and the other "Inactive". If you are sure about a person's occupation, then just state clearly what the person does and the appropriate occupation will be recorded in the office. However, this should only be done as a last resort after you have failed to identify the appropriate occupation.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 10+ working or unemployed [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's main occupation (1-digit) last week. For those who did not work last week, it indicates the occupation when they last worked. 1 Professionals, technicians and related worker 2 Administrative and managerial workers 3 Clerical and related workers 4 Sales workers 5 Service workers 6 Agricultural, animal husbandry and forestry workers, fishermen and hunters 7 Production and related workers, transport equipment operators and laborers 9 NIU (not in universe) Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Occupation, 2-digit <svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"> [Questions B16-B19 are for persons age 10 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420" a="MW98A416">B17. Economic activity - type of activity last week<br />What was [the respondent] doing the last 7 days?<br /><div class="i1">Active:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 <span class="lang">Mlimi</span> [subsistence farmer]<br />[] 02 Employee<br />[] 03 Family business worker<br />[] 04 Self-employed<br />[] 05 Employer</div><br /><div class="i1">Unemployed:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Worked before, seeking work<br />[] 07 Worked before, non seeking work<br />[] 08 Never worked before, seeking work</div><br /><div class="i1">Inactive:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 09 Non-worker (never worked before and not seeking work)<br />[] 10 Home worker<br />[] 11 Student<br />[] 12 Other</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><div class="i1">[For codes 09-12]: If female, skip to B20. Otherwise, go to the next person or to Part C.</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418" a="all">B18. Economic activity: occupation<br /><div class="i1">What is this person's main occupation? ______<br />For example: (teacher, nurse, driver, mechanic, carpenter, etc.)</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><span class="em">4. Persons age 10 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418"><span class="em">Occupation:</span> The basis of the classification of occupation is the trade, profession or type of work performed by an individual during the last seven days. The person's occupation is generally related to his training or experience, although this may not always be the case. As an example, the occupation of the driver of a bus is "bus driver", even if he owns the bus and operates it as one-man business (that is, he is self-employed). If the bus driver lost his job and has taken up a temporary post on a farm as a labor then his occupation is now a "farm laborer". Other examples of occupation are teacher, nurse, mechanic, carpenter, etc. A list of occupations and their codes is provided in Appendix B.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418" a="all"><span class="em">B18. Occupation:</span> Write the exact occupation for persons who are "Active" or "Unemployed but worked before" in the space provided in column B18 and leave the two boxes blank. Do not ask the questions on occupation for those who are "Non-workers" and the other "Inactive". If you are sure about a person's occupation, then just state clearly what the person does and the appropriate occupation will be recorded in the office. However, this should only be done as a last resort after you have failed to identify the appropriate occupation.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 10+ working or unemployed [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the main occupation (2-digit) of the person last week. For those who did not work last week, it indicates the occupation when they last worked. 001 Physical scientists and related technicians 002 Architects 003 Engineers 004 Ships' officers 005 Life scientists and related technicians 006 Medical, dental, and related workers 007 Veterinary 008 Statisticians, mathematicians, systems analysts and related technicians 009 Economists 011 Accountants 012 Jurists 013 Teachers 014 Workers in religion 015 Authors, journalists and related writers 016 Sculptors, painters, photographers and related creative artists 017 Musicians (composers and performing artists) 019 Professional, technical and related workers not elsewhere classified 020 Legislative officials and government administrators 021 Managers 030 Clerical supervisors 031 Government executive officials 032 Stenographers, typings and card- and tape-punching machine operators 033 Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers 034 Computing machine operators 035 Transport and communications supervisors 036 Transport conductors 037 Mail distribution clerks 038 Telephone and telegraph operators 039 Clerical and related workers not elsewhere classified 040 Managers (wholesale and retail trade) 041 Working proprietors (wholesale and retail trade) 042 Sales supervisors and buyers 043 Technical salesmen, commerical travellers and manufacturers' agents 044 Insurance, real estate, securities and business services salesmen and auctioneers 045 Salesmen, shop assistants and related workers 049 Sales workers not elsewhere classified 050 Managers (catering and lodging services) 051 Working proprietors (catering and lodging services) 052 Housekeeping and related service supervisors 053 Cooks, waiters, bartenders and related workers 054 Maids and related housekeeping service workers not elsewhere classified 055 Building caretakers, charworkers, cleaners and related workers 056 Launderer, dry-cleaners and pressers 057 Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers 058 Protective service workers 059 Service workers not elsewhere classified 060 Farm managers and supervisors 061 Farmers 062 Agricultural and animal husbandry workers 063 Forestry workers 064 Fishermen, hunters and related workers 070 Production supervisors and general foremen 071 Miners, quarrymen, well drillers and related workers 072 Metal processers 073 Wood preparation workers and paper makers 074 Chemical processers and related workers 075 Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers 077 Food and beverage processers 078 Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers 079 Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, upholsterers and related workers 080 Shoemakers and leather goods makers 081 Cabinetmakers and related woodworkers 082 Stone cutters and carvers 083 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine-tool operators 084 Machinery fitters, machine assemblers and precision instrument makers (except electrical) 085 Electric fitters and related electrical and electronic workers 087 Plumbers, welders sheet metal and structural metal prepaers and erectors 089 Glass formers, potters and related workers 090 Rubber and plastics product makers 092 Printers and related workers 093 Painters 094 Production and related workers not elsewhere classified 095 Bricklayers, carpenters and other construction workers 096 Stationary engine and related equipment operators 097 Material-handling and related equipment operators, dockers and freight handlers 098 Transport equipment operators 099 Labourers, not elsewhere classified 100 Other occupation, response suppressed 999 NIU (not in universe) Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Industry, 1-digit <svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"> [Questions B16-B19 are for persons age 10 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420" a="MW98A416">B17. Economic activity - type of activity last week<br />What was [the respondent] doing the last 7 days?<br /><div class="i1">Active:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 <span class="lang">Mlimi</span> [subsistence farmer]<br />[] 02 Employee<br />[] 03 Family business worker<br />[] 04 Self-employed<br />[] 05 Employer</div><br /><div class="i1">Unemployed:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Worked before, seeking work<br />[] 07 Worked before, non seeking work<br />[] 08 Never worked before, seeking work</div><br /><div class="i1">Inactive:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 09 Non-worker (never worked before and not seeking work)<br />[] 10 Home worker<br />[] 11 Student<br />[] 12 Other</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><div class="i1">[For codes 09-12]: If female, skip to B20. Otherwise, go to the next person or to Part C.</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A419 MW98A420" a="all">B19. Economic activity: industry<br /><div class="i1">What is this person's trade or business? _________<br />For example: construction, agriculture, transport, manufacturing, community services, etc.</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><span class="em">4. Persons age 10 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A419 MW98A420"><span class="em">Industry:</span> The classification of a person's industry is based on the nature of the product or service provided by the organization for which he/she works. For example, those persons who work in the bakery are in the "food manufacturing" industry whether their occupation is that of manager, cook or night watchman. In the case of people who provide a service, for example a dentist or barber, you should give details of their industry or describe the type of their work (that is "dental clinic" or "barber shop"). In the particular case of the dentist or a barber, these details are obvious; but in the case (for example) of persons working in these places as "cleaners," it is clearly not sufficient to write merely "health" or "shop". Note: You should not give the name of a person's employers to describe their industry.<br />Industry responses are based on the Standard International Classification (ISIC) given in Appendix C. This system classifies industry into 9 broad divisions, each of which is further sub-divided into 4 digit specific subcategories. These subcategories enable as to identify a particular industry within a broad industrial division. For instance, under "Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing," specific subcategories such as "Tea growing" or "Tobacco growing" are shown separately.<br />Other examples of occupation and industry would be:<br />a.) A man may be a driver on a tea farm in which case his occupation is driver and his industry is tea growing. Another man may be a driver in a factory, in which case his occupation is driver and his industry is the one in which the factory is engaged; e.g. if making clothes, clothing industry. Similarly, a driver may work for a stage coach in which case his industry is transportation. A person who sells second-hand clothes (<span class="lang">kaunjika</span>) will be classified as second-hand clothes vendor or <span class="lang">kaunjika</span> vendor as his/her occupation, but his/her specific industry group will be 'Other Retail Trade'.<br />b.) Similarly, it is possible to have people who do the same kind of work in one organization and yet may be in different industries, an example of which would be a clerk working for ADMARC which has different industries, e.g. "Agriculture, trade and transportation". In such cases you will have to ask in which section or department of the organization the person works. Where you have doubts as to the proper industry of a person treat the main activity of the organization as his industry.<br />c.) Most government departments fall under the broad industrial group of community, social and personnel services but further subdivided into different subgroups. For instance, a civil servant working as an accounts clerk in the department of Human Resource Management and Development: his occupation will be accounts clerk while his industrial group will be public administration and defense. A primary school teacher working in a government school will have teacher as his occupation and the industrial group as government school. On the other hand, a primary school teacher working in a private school will have private school as his industry.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A419 MW98A420" a="all"><span class="em">B19. Industry:</span> Write the actual industry in which each person is or was working in the space provided in B19 and leave the four boxes blank. If you are not sure about a person's industry, then just state clearly what the person does and the appropriate industry will be put in the office. However, this should only be done as a last resort after you have failed to identify the appropriate industry.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 10+ working or unemployed [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's industry (1-digit) last week. For those who did not work last week, it indicates the industry the person was in when they last worked. 01 Agricultural, fishing, hunting and forestry 02 Mining and quarrying 03 Manufacturing 04 Electricity, gas and water supply 05 Construction 06 Wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels 07 Transport, storage and communications 08 Financing, insurance, real estate and business services 09 Community, social and personal services 99 NIU (not in universe) Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Industry, 4-digit <svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"> [Questions B16-B19 are for persons age 10 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420" a="MW98A416">B17. Economic activity - type of activity last week<br />What was [the respondent] doing the last 7 days?<br /><div class="i1">Active:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 <span class="lang">Mlimi</span> [subsistence farmer]<br />[] 02 Employee<br />[] 03 Family business worker<br />[] 04 Self-employed<br />[] 05 Employer</div><br /><div class="i1">Unemployed:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Worked before, seeking work<br />[] 07 Worked before, non seeking work<br />[] 08 Never worked before, seeking work</div><br /><div class="i1">Inactive:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 09 Non-worker (never worked before and not seeking work)<br />[] 10 Home worker<br />[] 11 Student<br />[] 12 Other</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><div class="i1">[For codes 09-12]: If female, skip to B20. Otherwise, go to the next person or to Part C.</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A419 MW98A420" a="all">B19. Economic activity: industry<br /><div class="i1">What is this person's trade or business? _________<br />For example: construction, agriculture, transport, manufacturing, community services, etc.</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420"><span class="em">4. Persons age 10 years or older</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A419 MW98A420"><span class="em">Industry:</span> The classification of a person's industry is based on the nature of the product or service provided by the organization for which he/she works. For example, those persons who work in the bakery are in the "food manufacturing" industry whether their occupation is that of manager, cook or night watchman. In the case of people who provide a service, for example a dentist or barber, you should give details of their industry or describe the type of their work (that is "dental clinic" or "barber shop"). In the particular case of the dentist or a barber, these details are obvious; but in the case (for example) of persons working in these places as "cleaners," it is clearly not sufficient to write merely "health" or "shop". Note: You should not give the name of a person's employers to describe their industry.<br />Industry responses are based on the Standard International Classification (ISIC) given in Appendix C. This system classifies industry into 9 broad divisions, each of which is further sub-divided into 4 digit specific subcategories. These subcategories enable as to identify a particular industry within a broad industrial division. For instance, under "Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing," specific subcategories such as "Tea growing" or "Tobacco growing" are shown separately.<br />Other examples of occupation and industry would be:<br />a.) A man may be a driver on a tea farm in which case his occupation is driver and his industry is tea growing. Another man may be a driver in a factory, in which case his occupation is driver and his industry is the one in which the factory is engaged; e.g. if making clothes, clothing industry. Similarly, a driver may work for a stage coach in which case his industry is transportation. A person who sells second-hand clothes (<span class="lang">kaunjika</span>) will be classified as second-hand clothes vendor or <span class="lang">kaunjika</span> vendor as his/her occupation, but his/her specific industry group will be 'Other Retail Trade'.<br />b.) Similarly, it is possible to have people who do the same kind of work in one organization and yet may be in different industries, an example of which would be a clerk working for ADMARC which has different industries, e.g. "Agriculture, trade and transportation". In such cases you will have to ask in which section or department of the organization the person works. Where you have doubts as to the proper industry of a person treat the main activity of the organization as his industry.<br />c.) Most government departments fall under the broad industrial group of community, social and personnel services but further subdivided into different subgroups. For instance, a civil servant working as an accounts clerk in the department of Human Resource Management and Development: his occupation will be accounts clerk while his industrial group will be public administration and defense. A primary school teacher working in a government school will have teacher as his occupation and the industrial group as government school. On the other hand, a primary school teacher working in a private school will have private school as his industry.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A419 MW98A420" a="all"><span class="em">B19. Industry:</span> Write the actual industry in which each person is or was working in the space provided in B19 and leave the four boxes blank. If you are not sure about a person's industry, then just state clearly what the person does and the appropriate industry will be put in the office. However, this should only be done as a last resort after you have failed to identify the appropriate industry.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Persons age 10+ working or unemployed [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the industry (4-digit) of the person last week. For those who did not work last week, it indicates the industry the person was in when they last worked. 1111 Mixed farming 1112 Tea growing 1113 Tobacco growing 1118 Sugar growing 1120 Agricultural service and animal husbandry 1210 Forestry and logging 1302 Fishing inland 2901 Stone quarrying 3111 Slaughtering, preparing and preserving meat 3112 Manufacture of dairy products 3113 Canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables 3114 Canning, preserving and processing of fish 3116 Grain mill products 3117 Manufacture of bakery products 3118 Sugar factories and refineries 3119 Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery 3121 Coffee manufacturing 3123 Tea manufacturing 3131 Distilling, rectifying and blending spirits 3133 Beer manufacturing 3134 Soft drink manufacturing 3140 Tobacco manufacturers 3211 Spinning, weaving and finishing textiles 3212 Manufacture of made-up textile goods except wearing apparel 3213 Knitting mills 3220 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except footwear 3240 Manufacture of footwear, except vulcanized or moulded rubber or plastic footwear 3311 Sawmills, planing and other wood mills 3312 Manufacture of wooden and cane containers and small cane ware 3319 Handicrafts (manufacture of wood and cork products not elsewhere classified) 3320 Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, except primarily of metal 3420 Printing, publishing and allied industries 3512 Manufacture of fertilizers and pesticides 3522 Manufacture of drugs and medicines 3523 Manufacture of soap and cleaning preparations, perfumes, cosmetics and other toilet preparations 3559 Rubber footwear (manufacture of rubber products not elsewhere classified) 3560 Manufacture of plastic products not elsewhere classified 3691 Manufacture of structural clay products 3692 Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster 3810 Fabricated metal 3811 Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware 3812 Manufacture of furniture and fixtures primarily of metal 3813 Manufacture of structural metal products 3819 Manufacture of fabricated metal products except machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified 3832 Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus 3843 Manufacture of motor vehicles 4100 Electricity, gas and steam 4200 Water works and supply 5001 Building construction 5002 Civil engineering 6101 Wholesale fuel 6102 Wholesale agriculture production 6103 Wholesale other 6201 Retail motor vehicles 6202 Retail other 6310 Restaurants, cafes and other eating and drinking places 6320 Hotels, rooming houses, camps and other lodging places 7111 Railway transport 7112 Bus transportation 7113 Taxi operation 7114 Freight transport by road 7116 Rental auto/truck 7122 Inland water transport 7131 Air transport carriers 7192 Storage and warehousing 7200 Communications 8100 Banks 8102 Saving banks 8200 Insurance 8321 Legal services 8322 Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services 8324 Engineering, architectural and technical services 8325 Advertising services 8329 Business services, except machinery and equipment rental and leasing, not elsewhere classified 9100 Public administration and defence 9200 Sanitary and similar services 9310 Educational services 9311 Private schools 9312 Government schools 9320 Research and scientific institutes 9331 Medical, dental and other health services 9332 Veterinary services 9340 Welfare institutions 9350 Business, professional and labour associations 9391 Religious organizations 9399 Political organizations (social and related community services not elsewhere classified) 9413 Radio and television broadcasting 9414 Theatrical producers and entertainment services 9490 Amusement and recreational services not elsewhere classified 9512 Electrical repair shops 9513 Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 9514 Watch, clock and jewellery repair 9519 Repair bicycle (other repair shops not elsewhere classified) 9520 Laundry services 9521 Domestic services 9591 Barber and beauty shops 9592 Photographic studios, including commercial photography 9900 Other industry, response suppressed 9999 NIU (not in universe) Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Total live births <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423" a="all">How many live-born children has this woman borne? If none, enter "00".<br /><div class="i1">B20. Total _ _<br />B21. Male _ _<br />B22. Female _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423"><span class="em">Children ever born alive:</span><br />a.) You are required to report information on the number of children ever born alive to women aged 12 years or more. A live born child may be defined as the one who, after separation from its mother, breathes, cries or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of involuntary muscles.<br />b.) Do not use questions such as "<span class="lang">mwachembela kangati</span>" which would generally induce the woman to tell you the number of times she had delivered, because you are required to find information on the number of children who were actually born and who at birth were alive. Even if a child died later, as long as it was alive at birth, such a child must be counted. On the other hand, a child who was born dead should not be counted.<br />c.) On the question of number of children ever born alive to a woman, ensure that all the children a woman gave birth to are counted. You should not include those children who are staying with the woman but not borne by her. For example, a woman may have been married to three husbands and is now living with the third husband. She had one male child with the first husband and this child is living with his father. She had three male children with the second husband and of these three children only one is staying with her and the other two are either staying with their father or grandparents. She had the last born male child from the present husband plus two other female children born by the previous wife the present husband. This woman has only two of all her own children staying with her and two from the other wife from the present husband. The total number of male children ever born alive to this woman should be recorded as "05" and the other number of female children she has borne should be recorded as "00". Thus the total number of children born alive to the woman should be recorded as "05": that is, "05" male children plus "00" female children.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427"><span class="em">How many children has this woman borne alive?</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421" a="all"><span class="em">B20. Total number of children born alive</span><br />Ask each woman age 12 years or older for the total number of children she has ever borne alive. Record the number in 2 digits in column B20.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's total number of live births. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Total male live births <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423" a="all">How many live-born children has this woman borne? If none, enter "00".<br /><div class="i1">B20. Total _ _<br />B21. Male _ _<br />B22. Female _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423"><span class="em">Children ever born alive:</span><br />a.) You are required to report information on the number of children ever born alive to women aged 12 years or more. A live born child may be defined as the one who, after separation from its mother, breathes, cries or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of involuntary muscles.<br />b.) Do not use questions such as "<span class="lang">mwachembela kangati</span>" which would generally induce the woman to tell you the number of times she had delivered, because you are required to find information on the number of children who were actually born and who at birth were alive. Even if a child died later, as long as it was alive at birth, such a child must be counted. On the other hand, a child who was born dead should not be counted.<br />c.) On the question of number of children ever born alive to a woman, ensure that all the children a woman gave birth to are counted. You should not include those children who are staying with the woman but not borne by her. For example, a woman may have been married to three husbands and is now living with the third husband. She had one male child with the first husband and this child is living with his father. She had three male children with the second husband and of these three children only one is staying with her and the other two are either staying with their father or grandparents. She had the last born male child from the present husband plus two other female children born by the previous wife the present husband. This woman has only two of all her own children staying with her and two from the other wife from the present husband. The total number of male children ever born alive to this woman should be recorded as "05" and the other number of female children she has borne should be recorded as "00". Thus the total number of children born alive to the woman should be recorded as "05": that is, "05" male children plus "00" female children.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427"><span class="em">How many children has this woman borne alive?</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A422 MW98A423" a="all"><span class="em">B21-B22. Number of children ever born alive:</span><br />Ask the woman for the number of male and female children she has ever borne alive. Record in 2 digits the number of male children in column B21 and the number of female children in column B22.<br />Note: Because of lack of adequate space in all relevant columns, the word "Female" has been abbreviated to 'Fem' on the questionnaire.<br />Make sure that the entries in column B21 and B22 add to the corresponding totals in column B20. If they are inconsistent, verify the entries and correct them accordingly<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's total number of male live births. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12+ 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Total female live births <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423" a="all">How many live-born children has this woman borne? If none, enter "00".<br /><div class="i1">B20. Total _ _<br />B21. Male _ _<br />B22. Female _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423"><span class="em">Children ever born alive:</span><br />a.) You are required to report information on the number of children ever born alive to women aged 12 years or more. A live born child may be defined as the one who, after separation from its mother, breathes, cries or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of involuntary muscles.<br />b.) Do not use questions such as "<span class="lang">mwachembela kangati</span>" which would generally induce the woman to tell you the number of times she had delivered, because you are required to find information on the number of children who were actually born and who at birth were alive. Even if a child died later, as long as it was alive at birth, such a child must be counted. On the other hand, a child who was born dead should not be counted.<br />c.) On the question of number of children ever born alive to a woman, ensure that all the children a woman gave birth to are counted. You should not include those children who are staying with the woman but not borne by her. For example, a woman may have been married to three husbands and is now living with the third husband. She had one male child with the first husband and this child is living with his father. She had three male children with the second husband and of these three children only one is staying with her and the other two are either staying with their father or grandparents. She had the last born male child from the present husband plus two other female children born by the previous wife the present husband. This woman has only two of all her own children staying with her and two from the other wife from the present husband. The total number of male children ever born alive to this woman should be recorded as "05" and the other number of female children she has borne should be recorded as "00". Thus the total number of children born alive to the woman should be recorded as "05": that is, "05" male children plus "00" female children.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427"><span class="em">How many children has this woman borne alive?</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A422 MW98A423" a="all"><span class="em">B21-B22. Number of children ever born alive:</span><br />Ask the woman for the number of male and female children she has ever borne alive. Record in 2 digits the number of male children in column B21 and the number of female children in column B22.<br />Note: Because of lack of adequate space in all relevant columns, the word "Female" has been abbreviated to 'Fem' on the questionnaire.<br />Make sure that the entries in column B21 and B22 add to the corresponding totals in column B20. If they are inconsistent, verify the entries and correct them accordingly<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's total number of female live births. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13+ 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Total male children, still alive <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A424 MW98A425" a="all">How many are alive? If none, enter "00".<br /><br /><div class="i1">B23. Male _ _<br />B24. Female _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427"><span class="em">How many children has this woman borne alive?</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A424 MW98A425" a="all"><span class="em">B23-B24. How many are alive?</span><br />Ask the woman how many male and female children of the total number of children ever born alive are still alive. Record in 2 digits the number of male children still alive in column B23 and the number of female children still alive in column B24.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's total number of male children still alive. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Total female children, still alive <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A424 MW98A425" a="all">How many are alive? If none, enter "00".<br /><br /><div class="i1">B23. Male _ _<br />B24. Female _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427"><span class="em">How many children has this woman borne alive?</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A424 MW98A425" a="all"><span class="em">B23-B24. How many are alive?</span><br />Ask the woman how many male and female children of the total number of children ever born alive are still alive. Record in 2 digits the number of male children still alive in column B23 and the number of female children still alive in column B24.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the person's total female children still alive. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Total male children, deceased <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A426 MW98A427" a="all">How many have died? If none, enter "00".<br /><br /><div class="i1">B25. Male _ _<br />B26. Female _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427"><span class="em">How many children has this woman borne alive?</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A426 MW98A427" a="all"><span class="em">B25-B26. How many have died?</span><br />Ask the woman how many male and female children of the total number of children born alive have since died. Record in 2 digits the number of dead male children in column B25 and the number of dead female children in column B26.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of the person's dead male children. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Total female children, deceased <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A426 MW98A427" a="all">How many have died? If none, enter "00".<br /><br /><div class="i1">B25. Male _ _<br />B26. Female _ _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427"><span class="em">How many children has this woman borne alive?</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A426 MW98A427" a="all"><span class="em">B25-B26. How many have died?</span><br />Ask the woman how many male and female children of the total number of children born alive have since died. Record in 2 digits the number of dead male children in column B25 and the number of dead female children in column B26.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of the person's dead female children. 00 0 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Male children born in past year <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children born since September 1997</span><br />[Questions B27-B30]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A428 MW98A429" a="all">How many children has this woman borne since September 1997? If none, enter "0".<br /><br /><div class="i1">B27. Male _<br />B28. Female _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A428 MW98A429" a="all"><span class="em">B27-B28. How many children has this woman borne since September, 1997?</span><br />Ask each woman age 12 years or older the number of males or females she has borne alive during the past 12 months: that is, since September 1997 to date. Record the number of male births in column B27 and of female births in column B28.<br />Note: If you are conducting your interviews on, say, 10 September, 1998, you should ask the respondent how many children the woman had borne during the period 11 September, 1997 and 10 September, 1998 (the day of your visit). If your interview is on 15 September, 1998, then you will be collecting number of births to a woman during the period 16 September, 1997 and the day of your visit, that is, 15 September, 1998. Suppose the respondent tells you that a member of the household gave birth to a male child on 24 December, 1997: you should record "1" in column B27 and "0" in column B28.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of the person's male children born in the past year. 0 None 1 1 2 2 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Female children born in past year <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children born since September 1997</span><br />[Questions B27-B30]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A428 MW98A429" a="all">How many children has this woman borne since September 1997? If none, enter "0".<br /><br /><div class="i1">B27. Male _<br />B28. Female _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A428 MW98A429" a="all"><span class="em">B27-B28. How many children has this woman borne since September, 1997?</span><br />Ask each woman age 12 years or older the number of males or females she has borne alive during the past 12 months: that is, since September 1997 to date. Record the number of male births in column B27 and of female births in column B28.<br />Note: If you are conducting your interviews on, say, 10 September, 1998, you should ask the respondent how many children the woman had borne during the period 11 September, 1997 and 10 September, 1998 (the day of your visit). If your interview is on 15 September, 1998, then you will be collecting number of births to a woman during the period 16 September, 1997 and the day of your visit, that is, 15 September, 1998. Suppose the respondent tells you that a member of the household gave birth to a male child on 24 December, 1997: you should record "1" in column B27 and "0" in column B28.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of the person's female children born in the past year. 0 None 1 1 2 2 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Male children born in past year, still alive <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children born since September 1997</span><br />[Questions B27-B30]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A430 MW98A431" a="all">How many are still alive? If none, enter "0".<br /><div class="i1">B29. Male _<br />B30. Female _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A430 MW98A431" a="all"><span class="em">B29-B30. How many are still alive?</span><br />Ask the woman for the number of male and female children born since September, 1997 who are still alive. Record in one digit the number of male births still alive in column B29 and female births still alive in column B30.<br />In the example above, if the child died on 21st June, 1998 you should record "0" in column B29 and "0" in column B30.<br />Note: You should make sure that you do not leave any columns from B20 to B30 blank for any woman aged 12 years or more. For instance, where a woman has reported having no children ever born alive in column B20, you should record "0" in the appropriate columns but do not leave any of the columns blank.<br />Before proceeding to the next section, ensure that the total numbers of male or female children still alive and those dead add up the corresponding total numbers of male or female children ever born alive to the woman. If the responses yield inconsistent entries, probe to ascertain the wrong entry.<br />While probing for this information make sure that the woman does not exclude any of her children who might have died shortly after birth, as long as they were born alive. Furthermore, any of her children who might have died at any other age are to be recorded. However, ensure that still births -- that is, the births which did not show any sign of life -- are not included.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of the person's male children born in the past year that are still alive. 0 None 1 1 2 2 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Female children born in past year, still alive <svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children ever born [Questions B20-B26]</span><br />[Questions B20-B30 were asked of women age 12 and older]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">Children born since September 1997</span><br />[Questions B27-B30]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A430 MW98A431" a="all">How many are still alive? If none, enter "0".<br /><div class="i1">B29. Male _<br />B30. Female _</div><br /></svar> <svar v="MW98A400 MW98A401 MW98A402 MW98A403 MW98A404 MW98A405 MW98A406 MW98A407 MW98A408 MW98A409 MW98A410 MW98A411 MW98A412 MW98A413 MW98A414 MW98A415 MW98A416 MW98A417 MW98A418 MW98A419 MW98A420 MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431 MW98A432"><span class="h3">Part B: Characteristics of Individual Household Members</span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A421 MW98A422 MW98A423 MW98A424 MW98A425 MW98A426 MW98A427 MW98A428 MW98A429 MW98A430 MW98A431"><span class="em">5. Women age 12 years or older</span><br />Questions B20 to B30 should be asked only of women aged 12 years or more.<br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MW98A430 MW98A431" a="all"><span class="em">B29-B30. How many are still alive?</span><br />Ask the woman for the number of male and female children born since September, 1997 who are still alive. Record in one digit the number of male births still alive in column B29 and female births still alive in column B30.<br />In the example above, if the child died on 21st June, 1998 you should record "0" in column B29 and "0" in column B30.<br />Note: You should make sure that you do not leave any columns from B20 to B30 blank for any woman aged 12 years or more. For instance, where a woman has reported having no children ever born alive in column B20, you should record "0" in the appropriate columns but do not leave any of the columns blank.<br />Before proceeding to the next section, ensure that the total numbers of male or female children still alive and those dead add up the corresponding total numbers of male or female children ever born alive to the woman. If the responses yield inconsistent entries, probe to ascertain the wrong entry.<br />While probing for this information make sure that the woman does not exclude any of her children who might have died shortly after birth, as long as they were born alive. Furthermore, any of her children who might have died at any other age are to be recorded. However, ensure that still births -- that is, the births which did not show any sign of life -- are not included.<br /></svar> Malawi 1998: Females age 12+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the number of the person's female children born in the past year that are still alive. 0 None 1 1 2 2 9 NIU (not in universe) Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON