DDI_BHR_2011_FINDEX_v02_M_WB Development Economics Data Group 2015-04-08 NADA Version 02 (April 2015) - DDI updated to include the modifications to the data. This updated version also includes modifications to the Series information, Abstract, Scope and Sampling procedure metadata fields to match the number of economies included in the database. Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2011 FINDEX 2011 BHR_2011_FINDEX_v02_M Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit Gallup, Inc. NADA Development Research Group, World Bank The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Global Findex Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database is a project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to measure how people - including the poor, women, and rural residents -around the world save, borrow, make payments and manage risk. The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering around 150,000 adults in more than 140 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The second round of Global Findex indicators was collected in 2014 and is forthcoming in 2015. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017. Well-functioning financial systems serve a vital purpose, offering savings, credit, payment, and risk management products to people with a wide range of needs. Yet until now little had been known about the global reach of the financial sector - the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and youth are excluded from formal financial systems. Systematic indicators of the use of different financial services had been lacking for most economies. The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database provides such indicators. This database contains the first round of Global Findex indicators, measuring how adults in more than 140 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data set can be used to track the effects of financial inclusion policies globally and develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how people around the world manage their day-to-day finances. By making it possible to identify segments of the population excluded from the formal financial sector, the data can help policy makers prioritize reforms and design new policies. Bahrain National Coverage. Individual The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above. Sample survey data [ssd] The Global Findex database includes indicators measuring how adults in more than 140 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. More specifically, the database includes indicators on the use of formal accounts, the frequency of formal account use, mode of formal account use (ATM, bank, bank agent, etc.), purposes of formal account use (remittances, government payments, wage payments, etc.), self-reported reasons for not having a formal account, savings behavior, savings method (bank, informal savings club, etc.), sources of borrowing (bank, friends/family, informal lender, etc.), purposes of borrowing (home purchase, school fees, emergency/health, funerals/weddings), the use of mobile phones to make payments, and the purchase of health and agriculture insurance. The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering more than 150,000 adults in 148 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The second round of Global Findex indicators was collected in 2014 and is forthcoming in 2015. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017. Surveys were conducted face-to-face in economies where landline telephone penetration is less than 80 percent, or where face-to-face interviewing is customary. The first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units, consisting of clusters of households. The primary sampling units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid. Surveys were conducted by telephone in economies where landline telephone penetration is over 80 percent. The telephone surveys were conducted using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In selected countries where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random respondent selection is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to teach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of year. The sample size in Bahrain was 1,010 individuals. The sample includes only Bahraini nationals and Arab expatriates. The excluded population represents approximately 25% of the total adult population. Face-to-face [f2f] The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup, Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in over 20 countries using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request. Questions on insurance, mobile payments, and loan purposes were asked only in developing economies. The indicators on awareness and use of microfinance insitutions (MFIs) are not included in the public dataset. However, adults who report saving at an MFI are considered to have an account; this is reflected in the composite account indicator. Interviews were conducted in the following languages: Arabic. Data weighting is used to ensure a nationally representative sample for each economy. First, base sampling weights are constructed to account for oversamples and household size. If an oversample has been conducted, the data are weighted to correct the disproportionate sample. Weighting by household size (number of residents age 15 and above) is used to adjust for the probability of selection, as residents in large households will have a disproportionately lower probability of being selected for the sample. Second, poststratification weights are constructed. Population statistics are used to weight the data by gender, age, and, where reliable data are available, education or socioeconomic status. Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country- and indicator-specific standard errors, refer to the Annex and Country Table in Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C. Global Findex The reference citation for the Global Findex data is as follows: Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. micro_BHR 1010 40 Economy Economy Economy Economy Economy 1010 Bahrain Economy code Economy code Economy code Economy code Economy code 1010 BHR weight weight weight weight weight 1010 0.313 2.863 Respondent is female Respondent is female Respondent is female Respondent is female Respondent is female 1010 1 2 1 male 2 female Respondent age Respondent age Respondent age Respondent age Respondent age Please tell me your age. 981 29 15 99 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99+ 100 (refused) Sysmiss Respondent education level Respondent education level Respondent education level Respondent education level Respondent education level What is your highest completed level of education? 1010 1 5 1 completed primary or less 2 secondary 3 completed tertiary or more 4 (dk) 5 (rf) Respondents were given 25 options. Variable has been recoded into three categories. Within-econonmy income quintile Within-econonmy income quintile Within-econonmy income quintile Within-econonmy income quintile Within-econonmy income quintile What is your total monthly household income in [insert local currency], before taxes? Please include income from wages and salaries, remittances from family members living elsewhere, farming, and all other sources. 1010 1 5 1 poorest 20% 2 second 20% 3 middle 20% 4 fourth 20% 5 richest 20% Has an account at a financial instititution Has an account at a financial instititution Has an account at a financial instititution Has an account at a financial instititution Has an account at a financial instititution Do you, either by yourself or together with someone else, currently have an account at any of the following places? An account can be used to save money, to make or receive payments, or to receive wages and remittances. Do you currently have an account at a bank or credit union (or another financial institution, where applicable - for example, cooperatives in Latin America) 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Has an account at a financial institution/post office/MFI (composite indicator) Has an account at a financial institution/post office/MFI (composite indicator) Has an account at a financial institution/post office/MFI (composite indicator) Has an account at a financial institution/post office/MFI (composite indicator) Has an account at a financial institution/post office/MFI (composite indicator) Composite indicator. 1010 1 3 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Equal to 1 if respondent has an account at a formal financial institution or post office, a debit card or saves at an microfinance institution (MFI), otherwise 0. If has account: purpose of account If has account: purpose of account If has account: purpose of account If has account: purpose of account If has account: purpose of account Do you use your account(s) for personal transactions, business purposes, or both? 689 321 1 5 1 personal transactions 2 business purposes 3 both 4 (dk) 5 (refused) Sysmiss Has a debit card Has a debit card Has a debit card Has a debit card Has a debit card A debit card [(where applicable, read:) sometimes called [insert local example(s) here - a bank card, bank book or salary card] is a card that allows you to make payments, get money, or buy things and the money is taken out of your bank account right away. Do you have a debit card? 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Has a credit card Has a credit card Has a credit card Has a credit card Has a credit card A credit card is like a debit card, but the money is not taken from your account right away. You get credit to make payments or buy things, and you can pay the balance off later. Do you have a credit card? 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) If has account: number of monthly deposits into account If has account: number of monthly deposits into account If has account: number of monthly deposits into account If has account: number of monthly deposits into account If has account: number of monthly deposits into account In a typical month, about how many times is money de­posited into your personal account(s)? This includes cash or electronic deposits, or any time money is put into your account(s) by yourself or others (read 1-4). 692 318 1 6 1 2 1 - 2 times 3 3 - 5 times 4 6 times or more 5 (dk) 6 (refused) Sysmiss If has account: number of monthly withdrawals from account If has account: number of monthly withdrawals from account If has account: number of monthly withdrawals from account If has account: number of monthly withdrawals from account If has account: number of monthly withdrawals from account In a typical month, about how many times is money taken out of your personal account(s)? This includes cash withdrawals, electronic payments or purchases, checks, or any other time money is removed from your account(s) by yourself or others (read 1-4) 692 318 1 6 1 2 1 - 2 times 3 3 - 5 times 4 6 times or more 5 (dk) 6 (refused) Sysmiss If has account: most frequent mode of cash withdrawal If has account: most frequent mode of cash withdrawal If has account: most frequent mode of cash withdrawal If has account: most frequent mode of cash withdrawal If has account: most frequent mode of cash withdrawal When you need to get cash (paper or coins) from your account(s), do you usually get it (read 1-4)? 692 318 1 7 1 at an atm 2 over the counter in a branch of your bank or financial institution 3 over the counter at a retail store, or 4 from some other person who is associated with your bank or financial institution 5 (do not withdraw cash) 6 (dk) 7 (refused) Sysmiss If has account: most frequent mode of cash deposit If has account: most frequent mode of cash deposit If has account: most frequent mode of cash deposit If has account: most frequent mode of cash deposit If has account: most frequent mode of cash deposit When you put cash (paper or coins) into your account(s), do you usually do it (read 1-4)? 693 317 1 7 1 at an atm 2 over the counter in a branch of your bank or financial institution 3 over the counter at a retail store, or 4 using some other person who is associated with your bank or financial institution 5 (do not deposit cash) 6 (dk) 7 (refused) Sysmiss If has account: uses checks If has account: uses checks If has account: uses checks If has account: uses checks If has account: uses checks In the past 12 months, have you used checks to make payments on bills or to buy things using money from your account(s)? 692 318 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If has account: uses electronic payments If has account: uses electronic payments If has account: uses electronic payments If has account: uses electronic payments If has account: uses electronic payments In the past 12 months, have you used electronic payments that you make or that are made automatically (including wire transfers or payments made online) to make payments on bills or to buy things using money from your account(s)? 692 318 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If has account: uses it to receive work payments If has account: uses it to receive work payments If has account: uses it to receive work payments If has account: uses it to receive work payments If has account: uses it to receive work payments In the past 12 months, have you used your account(s) to receive money or payments for work or from selling goods? 692 318 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If has account: uses it to receive gov't payments If has account: uses it to receive gov't payments If has account: uses it to receive gov't payments If has account: uses it to receive gov't payments If has account: uses it to receive gov't payments In the past 12 months, have you used your account(s) to receive money or payments from the government? 692 318 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If has account: uses it to receive money from family If has account: uses it to receive money from family If has account: uses it to receive money from family If has account: uses it to receive money from family If has account: uses it to receive money from family In the past 12 months, have you used your account(s) to receive money from family members living elsewhere? 692 318 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If has account: uses it to send money to family If has account: uses it to send money to family If has account: uses it to send money to family If has account: uses it to send money to family If has account: uses it to send money to family In the past 12 months, have you used your account(s) to send money to family members living elsewhere? 692 318 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c too far away If does not have account: b/c too far away If does not have account: b/c too far away If does not have account: b/c too far away If does not have account: b/c too far away Please tell me whether each of the following is a reason why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank, credit union or other financial institution: They are too far away 317 693 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c too expensive If does not have account: b/c too expensive If does not have account: b/c too expensive If does not have account: b/c too expensive If does not have account: b/c too expensive Please tell me whether each of the following is a reason why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank, credit union or other financial institution: They are too expensive 317 693 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c lack documentation If does not have account: b/c lack documentation If does not have account: b/c lack documentation If does not have account: b/c lack documentation If does not have account: b/c lack documentation Please tell me whether each of the following is a reason why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank, credit union or other financial institution: You don't have the necessary documentation (ID, wage slip) 317 693 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c lack trust If does not have account: b/c lack trust If does not have account: b/c lack trust If does not have account: b/c lack trust If does not have account: b/c lack trust Please tell me whether each of the following is a reason why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank, credit union or other financial institution: You don't trust them 317 693 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c lack of money If does not have account: b/c lack of money If does not have account: b/c lack of money If does not have account: b/c lack of money If does not have account: b/c lack of money Please tell me whether each of the following is a reason why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank, credit union or other financial institution: You don't have enough money to use them 317 693 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c religious reasons If does not have account: b/c religious reasons If does not have account: b/c religious reasons If does not have account: b/c religious reasons If does not have account: b/c religious reasons Please tell me whether each of the following is a reason why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank, credit union or other financial institution: Because of religious reasons 317 693 2 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If does not have account: b/c family member already has one If does not have account: b/c family member already has one If does not have account: b/c family member already has one If does not have account: b/c family member already has one If does not have account: b/c family member already has one Please tell me whether each of the following is a reason why you, personally, DO NOT have an account at a bank, credit union or other financial institution: Because someone else in the family already has an ac­count 317 693 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Has saved money in the past 12 months Has saved money in the past 12 months Has saved money in the past 12 months Has saved money in the past 12 months Has saved money in the past 12 months In the past 12 months, have you saved or set aside any money? 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) If saved: saved for future expenses (education, wedding) If saved: saved for future expenses (education, wedding) If saved: saved for future expenses (education, wedding) If saved: saved for future expenses (education, wedding) If saved: saved for future expenses (education, wedding) In the past 12 months, have you saved for: Expenses in the future such as education, a wedding, or a big purchase 443 567 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If saved: saved for emergencies If saved: saved for emergencies If saved: saved for emergencies If saved: saved for emergencies If saved: saved for emergencies In the past 12 months, have you saved for: Emergencies or a time when you expect to have less income 443 567 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If saved: saved at a financial institution If saved: saved at a financial institution If saved: saved at a financial institution If saved: saved at a financial institution If saved: saved at a financial institution In the past 12 months, have you saved or set aside money by using an account at a bank, credit union (or another financial institution, where applicable - for example, coop­eratives in Latin America), or microfinance institution 443 567 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss If saved: saved using a savings club If saved: saved using a savings club If saved: saved using a savings club If saved: saved using a savings club If saved: saved using a savings club In the past 12 months, have you saved or set aside money by using an informal savings club or a person outside the family (If necessary, provide local examples (chit fund, tontine, merry-go-round, ROSCA, burial society, etc.) 443 567 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Sysmiss Borrowed money from financial institution in past 12 months Borrowed money from financial institution in past 12 months Borrowed money from financial institution in past 12 months Borrowed money from financial institution in past 12 months Borrowed money from financial institution in past 12 months In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from a bank, credit union (or another financial institution, where applicable - for example, cooperatives in Latin America), or microfinance institution? 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed money from a store (store credit) in past 12 months Borrowed money from a store (store credit) in past 12 months Borrowed money from a store (store credit) in past 12 months Borrowed money from a store (store credit) in past 12 months Borrowed money from a store (store credit) in past 12 months In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from a store by using installment credit or buying on credit? 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed money from family or friends in past 12 months Borrowed money from family or friends in past 12 months Borrowed money from family or friends in past 12 months Borrowed money from family or friends in past 12 months Borrowed money from family or friends in past 12 months In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from family or friends? 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed money from employer in past 12 months Borrowed money from employer in past 12 months Borrowed money from employer in past 12 months Borrowed money from employer in past 12 months Borrowed money from employer in past 12 months In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from employer? 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Borrowed money from another private lender in past 12 months Borrowed money from another private lender in past 12 months Borrowed money from another private lender in past 12 months Borrowed money from another private lender in past 12 months Borrowed money from another private lender in past 12 months In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from another private lender? 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref) Currently has loan for home purchase Currently has loan for home purchase Currently has loan for home purchase Currently has loan for home purchase Currently has loan for home purchase Do you currently have a loan you took out for any of the following reasons? To purchase your home or apartment. 1010 1 4 1 yes 2 no 3 (dk) 4 (ref)