DDI_WB_WLD_2004_GM_v02_M 2011-11-15 NADA DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21) This version is identical to DDI_WB_WLD_2004_GM_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey. Version 01 (November 2011) Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators 1996-2004 GM 1996-2004 WLD_2004_GM_v01_M Aart C. Kraay, Daniel Kaufmann and Massimo Mastruzzi NADA Development Research Group Macroeconomics - Indicators Aruba Afghanistan Angola Anguilla Albania Andorra Netherlands Antilles United Arab Emirates Argentina Armenia American Samoa Antigua and Barbuda Australia Austria Azerbaijan Burundi Belgium Benin Burkina Faso Bulgaria Bahrain Bahamas, The Bosnia and Herzegovina Bolivia Brazil Barbados Bhutan Botswana Central African Republic Canada Switzerland Chile China Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Congo, Rep. Cook Islands Colombia Comoros Cabo Verde Costa Rica Cuba Cayman Islands Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Djibouti Dominica Denmark Dominican Republic Algeria Ecuador Egypt, Arab Rep. Spain Estonia Ethiopia Finland Fiji France Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Gabon United Kingdom Georgia Ghana Guinea Gambia, The Guinea-Bissau Equatorial Guinea Greece Grenada Guatemala French Guiana Guam Guyana Hong Kong SAR, China Honduras Croatia Haiti Hungary Indonesia India Ireland Iran, Islamic Rep. Iraq Iceland Israel Italy Jamaica Jordan Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Kyrgyz Republic Cambodia Kiribati St. Kitts and Nevis Korea, Rep. Kuwait Lao PDR Lebanon Liberia Libya St. Lucia Liechtenstein Sri Lanka Lesotho Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia Macao SAR, China Morocco Monaco Moldova Madagascar Maldives Mexico Marshall Islands North Macedonia Mali Malta Myanmar Mongolia Mozambique Mauritania Martinique Mauritius Malawi Malaysia Namibia Niger Nigeria Nicaragua Niue Netherlands Norway Nepal Nauru New Zealand Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Palau Papua New Guinea Poland Puerto Rico Korea, Dem. Rep. Portugal Paraguay Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saudi Arabia Sudan Senegal Singapore Solomon Islands Sierra Leone El Salvador San Marino Somalia Sao Tome and Principe Suriname Slovak Republic Slovenia Sweden Eswatini Seychelles Syrian Arab Republic Chad Togo Thailand Tajikistan Turkmenistan Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkiye Tuvalu Taiwan, China Tanzania Uganda Ukraine Uruguay United States Uzbekistan St. Vincent & Grenadines Venezuela, RB Virgin Islands (U.S.) Vietnam Vanuatu West Bank and Gaza Samoa Yemen, Rep. South Africa Zambia Yugoslavia Fed. Rep. Aggregate data [agg] Other [oth] WLD_2004_GM_v01_M This file contains aggregate indicators of six dimensions of governance. The indicators are constructed using an unobserved components methodology described in detail in the paper. The six governance indicators are measured in units ranging from about -2.5 to 2.5, with higher values corresponding to better governance outcomes. The column labeled "Est." provides the point estimate. The column labeled "S. E." contains the corresponding standard error. The column labeled "N" contains the number of individual sources of governance data in which each country appears. Details on the concepts measured by each indicator, its components, and the interpretation of the point estimates and standard errors can be found in the accompanying paper. The governance indicators presented here reflect the statistical compilation of responses on the quality of governance given by a large number of enterprise, citizen and expert survey respondents in industrial and developing countries, as reported by a number of survey institutes, think tanks, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations. The aggregate indicators in no way reflect the official position of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. As discussed in detail in the accompanying papers, countries' relative positions on these indicators are subject to margins of error that are clearly indicated. Consequently, precise country rankings should not be inferred from this data. 209 92 Country 209 AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANGUILLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOROS CONGO COOK ISLANDS COSTA RICA CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC Congo, Dem. Rep. (Zaire) DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH GUIANA GABON GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GREECE GRENADA GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY IVORY COAST JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI KOREA, NORTH KOREA, SOUTH KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAOS LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACAO MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MARTINIQUE MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MEXICO MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NAURU NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NIUE NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR REUNION ROMANIA RUSSIA RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES SUDAN SURINAME SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIA TAIWAN TAJIKISTAN TANZANIA THAILAND TIMOR, EAST TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN TUVALU UGANDA UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES URUGUAY UZBEKISTAN VANUATU VENEZUELA VIETNAM VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.) WEST BANK YEMEN YUGOSLAVIA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE Code 209 ABW ADO AFG AGO AIA ALB ANT ARE ARG ARM ASM ATG AUS AUT AZE BDI BEL BEN BFA BGD BGR BHR BHS BIH BLR BLZ BMU BOL BRA BRB BRN BTN BWA CAF CAN CHE CHL CHN CIV CMR COG COK COL COM CPV CRI CUB CYM CYP CZE DEU DJI DMA DNK DOM DZA ECU EGY ERI ESP EST ETH FIN FJI FRA FSM GAB GBR GEO GHA GIN GMB GNB GNQ GRC GRD GTM GUF GUM GUY HKG HND HRV HTI HUN IDN IND IRL IRN IRQ ISL ISR ITA JAM JOR JPN KAZ KEN KGZ KHM KIR KNA KOR KWT LAO LBN LBR LBY LCA LIE LKA LSO LTU LUX LVA MAC MAR MCO MDA MDG MDV MEX MHL MKD MLI MLT MMR MNG MOZ MRT MTQ MUS MWI MYS NAM NER NGA NIC NIU NLD NOR NPL NRU NZL OMN PAK PAN PCI PER PHL PNG POL PRI PRK PRT PRY QAT REU ROM RUS RWA SAM SAU SDN SEN SGP SLB SLE SLV SMR SOM STP SUR SVK SVN SWE SWZ SYC SYR TCD TGO THA TJK TKM TMP TON TTO TUN TUR TUV TWN TZA UGA UKR URY USA UZB VCT VEN VIR VNM VUT WBG YEM YUG ZAF ZAR ZMB ZWE Point estimate Voice and Accountability 2004 207 2 -2.19 1.59 4.83e-05 1 Standard Error Voice and Accountability 2004 207 2 0.1 0.52 0.177 0.0896 Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 2004 207 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sysmiss Point estimate Voice and Accountability 2002 199 10 -2.32 1.72 0.000251 1 Standard Error Voice and Accountability 2002 199 10 0.12 0.47 0.208 0.0744 Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 2002 199 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sysmiss Point estimate Voice and Accountability 2000 192 17 -2.12 1.64 -0.000104 1 Standard Error Voice and Accountability 2000 192 17 0.15 0.38 0.248 0.0672 Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 2000 192 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sysmiss Point estimate Voice and Accountability 1998 192 17 -1.96 1.55 0.000156 1 Standard Error Voice and Accountability 1998 192 17 0.18 0.35 0.25 0.0502 Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 1998 192 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sysmiss Point estimate Voice and Accountability 1996 192 17 -1.91 1.76 5.21e-05 1 Standard Error Voice and Accountability 1996 192 17 0.17 0.4 0.259 0.0767 Number of individual sources Voice and Accountability 1996 192 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sysmiss Point estimate Political Stability 2004 207 2 -2.87 1.77 -4.83e-05 1 Standard Error Political Stability 2004 207 2 0.19 0.55 0.272 0.0948 Number of individual sources Political Stability 2004 207 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sysmiss Point estimate Political Stability 2002 186 23 -2.35 1.69 0.000269 1 Standard Error Political Stability 2002 186 23 0.19 0.41 0.258 0.0707 Number of individual sources Political Stability 2002 186 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sysmiss Point estimate Political Stability 2000 166 43 -2.83 1.73 0.000181 1 Standard Error Political Stability 2000 166 43 0.23 0.88 0.318 0.108 Number of individual sources Political Stability 2000 166 43 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sysmiss Point estimate Political Stability 1998 166 43 -2.77 1.76 0.000181 1 Standard Error Political Stability 1998 166 43 0.23 0.69 0.304 0.0811 Number of individual sources Political Stability 1998 166 43 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sysmiss Point estimate Political Stability 1996 165 44 -2.96 1.59 0.000121 1 Standard Error Political Stability 1996 165 44 0.27 0.68 0.365 0.0993 Number of individual sources Political Stability 1996 165 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sysmiss Point estimate Government Effectiveness 2004 209 -2.32 2.252 2.34e-17 1 Standard Error Government Effectiveness 2004 209 0.131 0.822 0.225 0.122 Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 2004 209 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Point estimate Government Effectiveness 2002 202 7 -1.98 2.39 -0.000297 1 Standard Error Government Effectiveness 2002 202 7 0.13 0.83 0.219 0.119 Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 2002 202 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Sysmiss Point estimate Government Effectiveness 2000 187 22 -2.59 2.44 -0.000107 1 Standard Error Government Effectiveness 2000 187 22 0.16 0.7 0.254 0.0926 Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 2000 187 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sysmiss Point estimate Government Effectiveness 1998 184 25 -2.15 2.59 -0.000163 1 Standard Error Government Effectiveness 1998 184 25 0.18 0.79 0.291 0.111 Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 1998 184 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sysmiss Point estimate Government Effectiveness 1996 180 29 -2.19 2.51 0.000167 1 Standard Error Government Effectiveness 1996 180 29 0.17 0.58 0.287 0.097 Number of individual sources Government Effectiveness 1996 180 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sysmiss Point estimate Regulatory Quality 2004 204 5 -2.63 2.02 -0.000294 1 Standard Error Regulatory Quality 2004 204 5 0.17 0.82 0.27 0.134 Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 2004 204 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sysmiss Point estimate Regulatory Quality 2002 197 12 -2.26 1.96 0.000254 1 Standard Error Regulatory Quality 2002 197 12 0.16 0.69 0.222 0.084 Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 2002 197 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sysmiss Point estimate Regulatory Quality 2000 188 21 -3.64 2.31 -0.00016 1 Standard Error Regulatory Quality 2000 188 21 0.22 0.96 0.322 0.0947 Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 2000 188 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sysmiss Point estimate Regulatory Quality 1998 185 24 -3.99 1.65 0.000108 1.001 Standard Error Regulatory Quality 1998 185 24 0.18 0.98 0.336 0.122 Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 1998 185 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sysmiss Point estimate Regulatory Quality 1996 182 27 -2.91 2.58 -0.00022 1 Standard Error Regulatory Quality 1996 182 27 0.2 0.75 0.339 0.132 Number of individual sources Regulatory Quality 1996 182 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sysmiss Point estimate Rule of Law 2004 208 1 -2.31 2.01 -9.62e-05 1 Standard Error Rule of Law 2004 208 1 0.11 0.71 0.18 0.0988 Number of individual sources Rule of Law 2004 208 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Sysmiss Point estimate Rule of Law 2002 197 12 -2.04 2.05 0.000102 1 Standard Error Rule of Law 2002 197 12 0.12 0.49 0.185 0.0789 Number of individual sources Rule of Law 2002 197 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Sysmiss Point estimate Rule of Law 2000 188 21 -2.31 2.2 0.000106 1 Standard Error Rule of Law 2000 188 21 0.13 0.71 0.22 0.1 Number of individual sources Rule of Law 2000 188 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sysmiss Point estimate Rule of Law 1998 186 23 -1.97 2.36 0.000108 1 Standard Error Rule of Law 1998 186 23 0.15 0.72 0.252 0.0942 Number of individual sources Rule of Law 1998 186 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sysmiss Point estimate Rule of Law 1996 167 42 -2.15 2.17 0.000419 1 Standard Error Rule of Law 1996 167 42 0.14 0.74 0.257 0.161 Number of individual sources Rule of Law 1996 167 42 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sysmiss Point estimate Control of Corruption 2004 204 5 -1.65 2.53 9.8e-05 1 Standard Error Control of Corruption 2004 204 5 0.12 0.41 0.194 0.0826 Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 2004 204 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Sysmiss Point estimate Control of Corruption 2002 197 12 -1.86 2.45 0.000203 1 Standard Error Control of Corruption 2002 197 12 0.12 0.46 0.203 0.0769 Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 2002 197 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Sysmiss Point estimate Control of Corruption 2000 187 22 -2.05 2.56 0.000214 1.001 Standard Error Control of Corruption 2000 187 22 0.13 0.66 0.239 0.11 Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 2000 187 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sysmiss Point estimate Control of Corruption 1998 184 25 -1.58 2.58 0.000109 1 Standard Error Control of Corruption 1998 184 25 0.13 0.76 0.247 0.118 Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 1998 184 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sysmiss Point estimate Control of Corruption 1996 151 58 -1.98 2.24 -0.000265 1 Standard Error Control of Corruption 1996 151 58 0.17 0.61 0.289 0.145 Number of individual sources Control of Corruption 1996 151 58 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sysmiss