{"doc_desc":{"title":"IND_2010_YLSSS-R1_v01_M","idno":"DDI_IND_2010_YLSSS-R1_v01_M_WB","producers":[{"name":"UK Data Archive","abbreviation":"","affiliation":"University of Essex, Colchester","role":"Metadata preparation"}],"prod_date":"2014-08-27","version_statement":{"version":"Version 02 (August 2014). Initial version of the DDI (DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 7478) was done by UK Data Service in May, 2014."}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"IND_2010_YLSSS-R1_v01_M","title":"Young Lives: School Survey 2010-2011","sub_title":"Round 1","alt_title":"YLSSS-R1 2010-11"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Boyden, J.","affiliation":"University of Oxford. Department of International Development"}],"production_statement":{"copyright":"Crown copyright held jointly with the Centre for Economic and Social Studies (India). Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen\u2019s Printer for Scotland.","funding_agencies":[{"name":"Department for International Development","abbreviation":"DFID","role":"Funded the study"},{"name":"Netherlands, Ministry of Foreign Affairs","abbreviation":"","role":"Funded the study"}],"grant_no":"Activity number 20907"},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"Anne Solon, Data and Survey Manager","affiliation":"University of Oxford","email":"anne.solon@qeh.ox.ac.uk","uri":"http:\/\/www.ox.ac.uk"},{"name":"Young Lives, Oxford Department of International Development (ODID)","affiliation":"University of Oxford","email":"younglives@younglives.org.uk","uri":"http:\/\/www.younglives.org.uk"},{"name":"UK Data Service","affiliation":"University of Essex","email":"help@ukdataservice.ac.uk","uri":"http:\/\/www.ukdataservice.ac.uk\/help\/get-in-touch.aspx"}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Other Household Survey 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- Education","vocab":"","uri":""},{"topic":"Research - Education","vocab":"","uri":""}],"abstract":"The Young Lives survey is an innovative long-term project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries. The purpose of the project is to improve understanding of the causes and consequences of childhood poverty and examine how policies affect children's well-being, in order to inform the development of future policy and to target child welfare interventions more effectively.\n\nThe objectives of the study are to provide good quality long-term data about the lives of children living in poverty, trace linkages between key policy changes and child welfare, and inform and respond to the needs of policymakers, planners and other stakeholders. Research activities of the project include the collection of data on a set of child welfare outcomes and their determinants and the monitoring of changes in policy, in order to explore the links between the policy environment and outcomes for children.\n\nThe study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India (in Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These countries were selected because they reflect a range of cultural, geographical and social contexts and experience differing issues facing the developing world; high debt burden, emergence from conflict, and vulnerability to environmental conditions such as drought and flood.\n\nThe Young Lives study aims to track the lives of 12,000 children over a 15-year period. This is the time-frame set by the UN to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goals. Round 1 of the study followed 2,000 children (aged between 6 and 18 months in 2002) and their households, from both urban and rural communities, in each of the four countries (8,000 children in total). Data were also collected on an older cohort of 1,000 children aged 7 to 8 years in each country, in order to provide a basis for comparison with the younger children when they reach that age. Round 2 of the study returned to the same children who were aged 1-year-old in Round 1 when they were aged approximately 5-years-old, and to the children aged 8-years-old in Round 1 when they were approximately 12-years-old. Round 3 of the study returned to the same children again when they were aged 7 to 8 years (the same as the older cohort in Round 1) and 14 to 15 years. It is envisaged that subsequent survey waves will take place in 2013 and 2016. Thus the younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood, when some will become parents themselves.\n\nFurther information about the survey, including publications, can be downloaded from the <a href='http:\/\/www.younglives.org.uk\/'>Young Lives<\/a> website.\nSchool Survey:\nA school survey was introduced into Young Lives in 2010, following the third round of the household survey, in order to capture detailed information about children\u2019s experiences of schooling. It addressed two main research questions:\n\u2022 how do the relationships between poverty and child development manifest themselves and impact upon children's educational experiences and outcomes?\n\u2022 to what extent does children\u2019s experience of school reinforce or compensate for disadvantage in terms of child development and poverty?\n\nThe survey allows researchers to link longitudinal information on household and child characteristics from the household survey with data on the schools attended by the Young Lives children and children's achievements inside and outside the school. A wide range of stakeholders, including government representatives at national and sub-national levels, NGOs and donor organisations were involved in the design of the school survey, so the researchers could be sure that the \u2018right questions\u2019 were being asked to address major policy concerns. This consultation process means that policymakers already understand the context and potential of the Young Lives research and are interested to utilise the data and analysis to inform their policy decisions. The survey provides policy-relevant information on the relationship between child development (and its determinants) and children\u2019s experience of school, including access, quality and progression. This combination of household, child and school-level data over time constitutes the comparative advantage of the Young Lives study.\n\nSchool Survey data are currently only available for India and Peru. The Peru data are available from the UK Data Archive under SN 7479.\n\nFurther information is available from the Young Lives <a href='http:\/\/www.younglives.org.uk\/what-we-do\/school-survey'>School Survey<\/a> webpages.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2010-12","end":"2011-03","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"India","abbreviation":"IND"}],"geog_coverage":"Andhra Pradesh","analysis_unit":"Individuals; Institutions\/organisations","universe":"Location of Units of Observation: Subnational\n\nPopulation: Young Lives children, the school they attend, their head teachers and class teachers, in Andhra Pradesh, India, 2010-2011.","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]","notes":"Main Topics:\nThe survey included data collection at the school, class and pupil level, and involved the Principal, the maths teacher, and the Young Lives child. The instruments included in the survey are:\n\u2022 Principal questionnaire. Administered individually to principals\n\u2022 Teacher questionnaires and assessment. Administered individually to maths teachers. Teacher assessment component (of mathematical pedagogical content knowledge) was self-administered under fieldworker supervision\n\u2022 Child questionnaire and assessments. Administered in groups of 6. Questionnaire was fieldworker led and directed. Assessments in Maths, Telugu and English were self-administered\n\u2022 School observation. Fieldworker completed during time in school\n\u2022 Classroom observations. Fieldworker completed observation of YL child maths lesson. Both YL child\/children, class peers (to make it up to 6 children per class) and the teacher were observed at intervals across each lesson and their activities recorded. Additional class-specific questions asked of teacher"},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"Galab, S., Centre for Economic and Social Studies (India)","abbreviation":"","affiliation":""},{"name":"Reddy, P., Centre for Economic and Social Studies (India)","abbreviation":"","affiliation":""}],"sampling_procedure":"Sampling Procedures: Multi-stage stratified random sample \nNumber of Units: 953 Young Lives children across 249 schools","coll_mode":"Face-to-face interview; Self-completion; Educational measurements; Observation","research_instrument":"The survey instruments included data collection at the school, class and pupil level, and involved the head teacher, class teacher, and pupil. The instruments comprises of the following components:\n\u2022 School roster \n\u2022 Child questionnaire answer sheet 1 \n\u2022 Child questionnaire answer sheet 2 \n\u2022 Child Maths test \n\u2022 Child Telugu test \n\u2022 Child English test \n\u2022 Child language learning experience \n\u2022 Child observation 1 (Maths) \n\u2022 Child observation 2 (Maths) \n\u2022 Child observation 3 (Maths) \n\u2022 Teacher questionnaire \n\u2022 Teacher content knowledge test (Maths) \n\u2022 Maths teacher observation 1 \n\u2022 Maths teacher observation 2 \n\u2022 Head teacher questionnaire \n\u2022 School observation \n\u2022 School observation - homework","coll_situation":"Training\nThe fieldworker training took place during a period of three weeks in November 2010 at The Center for Economic and Social Studies (CESS). Each of the survey modules was introduced and discussed during training sessions. Each team of fieldworkers were then asked to conduct three practice surveys in schools of their choice under the supervision of their respective supervisors. This procedure allowed the fieldworkers to familiarize themselves with the instruments and enabled them to clarify any doubts before the final fieldwork.\n\nFieldwork\nFieldwork was conducted across the 7 districts and 20 mandals which constitute the Young Lives sample, between 1st December 2010 - 15th March 2011.\n\nFieldwork teams consisted of one supervisor and two pairs of fieldworkers. Teams travelled to sites as a group, and split into pairs to conduct the survey, with the supervisor responsible for overseeing the work of each pair, and for facilitating access to sample schools. The supervisor facilitiated discussion amongst the team each day to clarify any issues that arose during fieldwork. It was the role of this supervisor to check each completed instrument, clarify doubts, and report back to the Principal Investigator based in Hyderabad should they encounter difficulty. In addition to this day-to-day supervision, members of both the India and Oxford teams conducted visits to each fieldwork team throughout the fieldwork period. These visits involved spot checks of completed protocols to ensure uniformity of completion and understanding. Where problems were identified they were investigated, and the conclusions relayed to all field teams.\n\nFor the purposes of the Classroom Observation protocol, inter-observer reliability checks were conducted in the middle of the fieldwork period (January 2011) whereby two fieldworkers observed the same children and\/or the same teachers, and their scripts were returned to Oxford for comparison. For the child observation, 87.0% of observations matched and for the teacher observation, 88.5% matched, demonstrating a high level of mutual understanding in the interpretation of the protocol between fieldworkers.","weight":"No weighting used.","method_notes":"Data Archive Processing Standards\nThe data were processed to the UK Data Archive's A standard. A rigorous and comprehensive series of checks was carried out to ensure the quality of the data and documentation. Firstly, checks were made that the number of cases and variables matched the depositor's records. Secondly, checks were made that all variables had variable labels and all nominal (categorical) variables had value labels. Where possible, either with reference to the documentation and\/or in communication with the depositor, absent labels were created. Thirdly, logical checks were performed to ensure that nominal (categorical) variables had values within the range defined (either by value labels or in the depositor's documentation). Lastly, any data or documentation that breached confidentiality rules were altered or suppressed to preserve anonymity.\n\nAll notable and\/or outstanding problems discovered are detailed under the 'Data and documentation problems' heading below. \n\nData and documentation problems\nNone. \n\nData conversion information\nFrom January 2003 onwards, almost all data conversions have been performed using software developed by the UK Data Archive. This enables standardisation of the conversion methods and ensures optimal data quality. In addition to its own data processing\/conversion code, this software uses the SPSS and StatTransfer command processors to perform certain format translations. Although data conversion is automated, all data files are also subject to visual inspection by a member of the Archives Data Services team.\n\nWith some format conversions, data, and more especially internal metadata (i.e. variable labels, value labels, missing value definitions, data type information), will inevitably be lost or truncated owing to the differential limits of the proprietary formats. A UK Data Archive Data Dictionary file (generally in Rich Text Format (RTF)) is usually provided for each data file, enabling viewing and searching of the internal metadata as it existed in the originating format. These files are called: [data file name]_UKDA_Data_Dictionary.rtf \n\nImportant information about the data format supplied\nThe following descriptions provide important information about the Archive's data supply formats. Some of this information is specific to the ingest format of the data, i.e. the format in which the Archive received the data from the depositor. The ingest format for this study was SPSS.\n\nSPSS files (*.sav files) \nIf SPSS was not the ingest format, this format will generally either have been created via the SPSS command processor (e.g. if the ingest format is STATA, SAS, Excel, or dBase). If the ingest format was non-delimited or fixed-width text, SPSS files will have been created using SPSS command syntax.\n\nIssues: There is very seldom any loss of data or internal metadata when importing data files into SPSS. Any problems will have been listed above in the Data and Documentation Problems section of this file.\n\nSTATA (*.dta files) \nIf STATA was not the ingest format, STATA files will generally have been created from SPSS via the StatTransfer command processor. Importantly, StatTransfer's optimisation routine is run so that variables with SPSS write formats narrower than the data (e.g. numeric variables with 10 decimal places of data formatted to FX.2) are not rounded upon conversion to STATA because they are converted to 'doubles ' rather than floats. Discrete user missing values are copied across into STATA (as opposed to being collapsed into a single system missing code).\n\nIssues: There are a number of data and metadata handling mismatches between SPSS and STATA. Where any data or internal metadata has been lost or truncated, it will be logged in the study's SPSS_to_STATA_conversion RTF file. Note that the complete internal metadata has been supplied in the UKDA Data Dictionary file(s): [data file name]_UKDA_Data_Dictionary.rtf\n\nTab-delimited text (*.tab files) \nIf tab-delimited text was not the ingest format, tab-delimited files will have been created from via the SPSS command processor, and also from Excel and MS Access files. When exporting from Access data tables to tab-delimited text, the potentially problematic special characters (tabs, carriage returns, line feeds, etc.) allowed by Access memo and text fields may have been removed by the Archive if necessary.\n\nIssues: Date formats in SPSS are always exported to mm\/dd\/yyyy in tab-delimited text format. There may be a mismatch with the documentation on such variables. Variables that include both date and time such as dd-mm-yyyy hh:mm:ss (e.g. 18-JUN-2011 13:28:00), will lose the time information and become mm\/dd\/yyyy. All users of the data in tab-delimited format should consult the UK Data Archive Data Dictionary RTF file(s).\n\nIf the data was exported from MS Access, more limited 'data documenter' information is generally available in the RTF variable information files. These files may also contain SQL setup information.\n\nMS Excel (*.xls\/*xslx files) \nIf MS Excel was not the ingest format, Excel files may have been created via StatTransfer. The date and time issues noted under tab-delimited format may also apply here.\n\nSAS (*.sas7bdat and *sas files)\nIf SAS was not the ingest format, SAS files will usually have been created via StatTransfer or SPSS. SAS is not one of the Archive's standard supply formats, and the files are likely to have been created in response to a user request. The usual format is *.sas7bdat files plus a .sas proc formats file. Note that the complete internal metadata has been supplied in the accompanying UK Data Archive Data Dictionary file(s).\n\nIssues: The main loss of information when converting from SPSS to SAS is user-missing value definitions. By editing the .sas file, the user can choose whether to collapse all user-missing values into system missing or preserve the\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdvalue and lose the user-missing definition. To achieve the latter\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdthe following section of the .sas file should be removed before running it:\n\n\/* User Missing Value Specifications *\/\n\nNote that the complete internal metadata has been supplied\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdin the UKDA Data Dictionary file(s): [data file name]_UKDA_Data_Dictionary.rtf\n\nMS Access (*.mdb\/*.mdbx files)\nDue to substantial incompatibilities between versions of MS Access, the Archive will only make data available in MS Access format if this is the ingest format and\/or the database contains important information in addition to the data tables (coding information, forms, queries, etc.)."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"contact":[{"name":"UK Data Service","affiliation":"University of Essex","email":"help@ukdataservice.ac.uk","uri":"http:\/\/www.ukdataservice.ac.uk\/help\/get-in-touch.aspx"}],"cit_req":"Bibliographic Citation\nAll works which use or refer to these materials should acknowledge these sources by means of bibliographic citation. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for bibliographic indexes, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. \nThe bibliographic citation for this data collection is:\nBoyden, J., Young Lives: School Survey, India, 2010-2011 [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], April 2014. SN: 7478 , http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5255\/UKDA-SN-7478-1\n\nAcknowledgement\nAny publication, whether printed, electronic or broadcast, based wholly or in part on these materials, should acknowledge the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections (if different) and the UK Data Archive, and to acknowledge Crown Copyright where appropriate.\nAny publication, whether printed, electronic or broadcast, based wholly or in part on these materials should carry a statement that the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections (if different) and the UK Data Archive bear no responsibility for their further analysis or interpretation.","conditions":"The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See <a href='http:\/\/ukdataservice.ac.uk\/get-data\/how-to-access\/conditions.aspx'>terms and conditions<\/a> for further information.","disclaimer":"Although all efforts are made to ensure the quality of the materials, neither the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections, nor the UK Data Archive bear any responsibility for the accuracy or comprehensiveness of these materials.\n \nAll rights reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the UK Data Archive.\n\nUK Data Archive\nUniversity of Essex\nWivenhoe Park\nColchester\nEssex C04 3SQ\nUnited Kingdom\nwww.data-archive.ac.uk"}}},"schematype":"survey","tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}]}