DDI_USA_1960_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS 1960 Census of Population and Housing IPUMS May 20, 2024 MetadataEditor Version 7.5 October 2024. NEW FEATURES. --Historical data from NAPP project now available from IPUMS-International. --Historical census data from Canada, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States for the period 1703 to 1911 are now available from IPUMS-International. The complete count and sample datasets were previously disseminated by the North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP). Where possible, the data have been integrated into existing IPUMS-International variable coding schema. Some new variables have been created that are available only for these pre-1960 datasets. NAPP data users should note that many NAPP variables are available from IPUMS-International by different names. For a complete list of NAPP variables that have been renamed in IPUMS-Interational, refer to the crosswalk. --Individual country shapefiles for the third-level administrative level of geography are now available for a few IPUMS samples. --New spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS now hosts the Census Mosaic data collection. Census Mosaic identifies, gathers, harmonizes, and distributes surviving historical census microdata from regions of Continental Europe where complete centralized records are not available. The Mosaic project was founded by a consortium of historical social scientists in Europe. Data can be downloaded as static files from the Census Mosaic website. Although the data are not yet integrated fully into IPUMS International, variables have been standardized and harmonized to be roughly compatible with IPUMS coding structures. NEW SAMPLES. --Full-count datasets for Great Britain 1851, 1861, 1871 (Scotland only), 1891, and 1901. --Full-count dataset for Sweden 1910. Denmark (1845, 1880, and 1885) --Labor force surveys from Spain and eight new labor force surveys from Italy added to the series. Newly added countries: Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, Laos, Lesotho, Mauritius, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Slovak Republic, Suriname, Togo, and Zimbabwe New samples for: Bolivia, Cambodia, Cambodia, Chile, Cuba, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt (1848 and 1868, historical samples), Fiji, Guinea, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lao PDR, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, United States, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe SUPPLEMENTAL DATA. Data from censuses from Benin and Lesotho that record individual fertility and/or mortality events were made available in IPUMS-International. These files can be downloaded and linked to data produced by the extract system. NEW VARIABLES. --IPUMS-International now provides harmonized and year-specific geography variables for all countries including 13 new samples from Dominican Republic, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palestine, Paraguay, Thailand, United Kingdom, and Uruguay. First-level and second-level year specific geography variables are also available for all countries. IPUMS provides corresponding, downloadable GIS boundary files for all harmonized and year specific geography variables. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography. The codes for the spatially harmonized previous-residence variables match the spatially harmonized place of current residence. More information is available here. --IPUMS International provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples; previously available country-specific migration variables at the first administrative level that were not fully harmonized spatially have been phased out. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for selected samples. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --Lower (third) level geography codes and GIS files have been added for Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Mali, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. Some geography codes and labels might have changed for these countries to accommodate the newer lower level geography. --Added more detailed 3-digit industry and occupation variables for China 2000. EDITED SAMPLES. --Revised full-count data for Great Britain 1881 --Revised full-count datasets for Sweden 1890 and 1900. The revision includes the following changes that improve comparability across Sweden datasets: --Revisions to certain ethnicity and work variables (and the underlying source data): ORIGIN, LABFORCE, OCCHISCO, OCRELATE, OCSTATUS. --Revisions to unharmonized source variables: SE1890A_HISCOSE, SE1890A_HISCRELSE, SE1890A_HISCSTATSE, SE1890A_OCCMULTISE, SE1900A_HISCOSE, SE1900A_HISCRELSE, SE1900A_HISCSTATSE, SE1900A_OCCMULTISE. --A new United States 1850 full-count dataset now matches the corresponding dataset distributed by the USA IPUMS data project. The source variable US1850A_0502 (HISTID) provides a linking key to match person records to the USA version of the data. The IPUMS International version of the data contains names, which the USA version cannot distribute. EDITED VARIABLES. An error affecting HHWT for South Africa 2007 was corrected. The existing values were adjusted by a factor of 0.01. AGEMARR was edited to add data for Hungary 1980 and 1990. Harmonized and year-specific geography variables for Brazil and Colombia have been edited to accommodate for the availability of refined municipal boundaries. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these two countries. Errors affecting BPLSE2 (formerly BPLPARSE) for Sweden 1890 and the underlying source variable were corrected. Several thousand cases were incorrectly coded as 258101000. These cases have been updated with the correct code: 258171000. Harmonized geography variables for Italy, Philippines, Rwanda, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. The codes for the source variable RW2002A_0419 were corrected to include 0 and 8 as possible responses, which were previously identified as 'unknown years' within primary education. Errors affecting EDUCFJ for Fiji 2006 were corrected. A problem with PERWT for Tanzania 2012 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. MOMLOC, POPLOC, and PARRULE were updated for the United States 2010 and 2015 samples to include additional information on subfamilies. Prior to this correction, persons above age 17 were not receiving links to their co-resident mothers and fathers. An error affecting codes for the URBAN variable in Egypt 1986 for Cairo, Alexandria, Port-Said, and Suez was corrected. An error in INCEARN affecting Venezuela 2001 was corrected. Earned income in the source variable VE2001A_0440 is interpreted as a monthly amount, thus adjustments previously applied to convert data from daily or weekly income were supressed. All the six Brazil samples in IPUMS International were replaced with higher density samples. An edited version of the Chile 2017 sample was introduced to correct an error in household breaks. Errors affecting codes for GEO1_ZA in South Africa 2011 and ENUTS1 in United Kingdom 1991 were corrected. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Fiji, and Nepal have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in PERWT affecting Nepal 2001 was corrected. Errors affecting a code in GQ for Brazil 2010 and Indonesia 2010 were corrected. Both census samples now identify 1-person units created by splitting a large household. An error in MARRNUM affecting Indonesia 1976 was corrected. Some codes for GEO1_EG2006 and GEO2_EG2006 were edited. Harmonized geography variables for Bolivia, Cuba, Guinea, Ireland, Morocco, Palestine, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in INCEARN affecting Brazil 1980 was corrected. An error in EDATTAIN affecting Ireland 1971 and 1981 was corrected. A small proportion of person records in Mexico 1960 were re-classified in MIGRATEP based on information about their current and previous residence. These were previously coded to 'different major administrative unit', even though their place of residence suggests that their last move was within the same major administrative unit. The second-level technician (higher) degrees for Spain 1991, 2001, and 2011 were re-classified into post-secondary technical education in EDATTAIN. An error affecting codes for SEX for Egypt 1848 and 1868 was corrected. The values for male and female had been reversed. A problem with HHWT and PERWT for Canada 2011 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mexico, Peru, Switzerland, Vietnam, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. Harmonized geography variables for Chile and Sierra Leone have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error affecting codes for COMPUTER for Senegal 2013 was corrected. An error affecting labels available in IND for Peru 1993 was corrected. An error affecting codes for persons previously residing abroad for MIG1_5_BO in Bolivia 2001 and 2012 was corrected. EDUCAR, EDATTAIN, and YRSCHOOL were adjusted in the Argentina samples to incorporate information on completion of education levels in the data harmonization. HHWT and PERWT were calibrated in Kenya 1979 to properly reflect the population distribution by province. In GQ (group quarters status), persons residing in hospitals of all types were reclassified to 'institutional group quarters' from 'other group quarters,' making their treatment consistent with GQTYPE. Errors affecting codes for BPLBJ2 in Benin 1979, 1992, and 2002 were corrected. Errors affecting codes for GEO2_BR1970 in Brazil 1970 were corrected. 1960 Census of Population and Housing - IPUMS Subset PHC United States 1960 (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) USA_1960_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS U.S. Census Bureau IPUMS (c) Copyright 1960, U.S. Census Bureau and Minnesota Population Center MetadataEditor U.S. Census Bureau Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] IPUMS International DOI:10.18128/D020.V7.5 Version 7.5. The datasets contain selected variables from the original census microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database. Demographic Variables -- PERSON Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Education Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Income Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Imputation Flags Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Demographic Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Other Person Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Income Variables -- PERSON Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Income Variables -- PERSON Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON Other Person Variables -- PERSON Demographic Variables -- PERSON Person Imputation Flags Variables -- PERSON United States State Persons, households, and dwellings UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: No - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: no - Households: Dwelling places with fewer than five persons unrelated to a household head, excluding institutions and transient quarters. - Group quarters: Institutions, transient quarters, and dwelling places with five or more persons unrelated to a household head. Residents of the 50 states (not the outlying areas). Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study: United States 1960 MICRODATA SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 1799888. SAMPLE DESIGN: 1-in-100 national random sample drawn by the U.S. Census Bureau Face-to-face [f2f] The 1960 census used a machine-readable household form. Separate forms were used for each housing unit. Housing questions were included on the same form as the population items. Every fourth enumeration unit received a &quot;long form,&quot; containing supplemental sample questions that were asked of all members of the unit. Sample questions are available for all individuals in every unit. Of the units receiving a long form, four-fifths received one version (the 20% questionnaire), and one-fifth received a second version with the same population questions but slightly different housing questions (the 5% questionnaire). de jure, CENSUS DAY: April 1, 1960 Self-weighting. Expansion factor = 100. IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record. U.S. Census Bureau Steven Ruggles, Lara Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovaton, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.5 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.5 Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data: United States, U.S. Census Bureau. 1960 Census of Population and Housing The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS International data requires that users supply IPUMS International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Copies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu. Printed matter should be sent to: IPUMS International Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota 50 Willey Hall 225 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55455 An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS International (https://international.ipums.org/international/) under the following conditions: IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. USA1960_PHC-H-H Household records 579 96 USA1960_PHC-P-H Person records 1799888 138 Record type H Household P Person RECTYPE identifies the type of record for the case: household or person. NOTE: RECTYPE is an alphabetic (character string) variable with a value of 'H' for household records and 'P' for person records. RECTYPE will not appear as a variable in the default rectangular extracts produced by the data extract system. It is only available in hierarchical extracts, to distinguish between the two record types. IPUMS Country 032 Argentina 051 Armenia 040 Austria 050 Bangladesh 112 Belarus 204 Benin 068 Bolivia 072 Botswana 076 Brazil 854 Burkina Faso 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 124 Canada 152 Chile 156 China 170 Colombia 188 Costa Rica 192 Cuba 208 Denmark 214 Dominican Republic 218 Ecuador 818 Egypt 222 El Salvador 231 Ethiopia 242 Fiji 246 Finland 250 France 276 Germany 288 Ghana 300 Greece 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 332 Haiti 340 Honduras 348 Hungary 352 Iceland 356 India 360 Indonesia 364 Iran 368 Iraq 372 Ireland 376 Israel 380 Italy 384 Ivory Coast 388 Jamaica 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 417 Kyrgyz Republic 418 Laos 426 Lesotho 430 Liberia 454 Malawi 458 Malaysia 466 Mali 480 Mauritius 484 Mexico 496 Mongolia 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 104 Myanmar 524 Nepal 528 Netherlands 558 Nicaragua 566 Nigeria 578 Norway 586 Pakistan 275 Palestine 591 Panama 598 Papua New Guinea 600 Paraguay 604 Peru 608 Philippines 616 Poland 620 Portugal 630 Puerto Rico 642 Romania 643 Russia 646 Rwanda 662 Saint Lucia 686 Senegal 694 Sierra Leone 703 Slovak Republic 705 Slovenia 710 South Africa 728 South Sudan 724 Spain 729 Sudan 740 Suriname 752 Sweden 756 Switzerland 834 Tanzania 764 Thailand 768 Togo 780 Trinidad and Tobago 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 804 Ukraine 826 United Kingdom 840 United States 858 Uruguay 862 Venezuela 704 Vietnam 894 Zambia 716 Zimbabwe COUNTRY gives the country from which the sample was drawn. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year 1703 1703 1729 1729 1787 1787 1801 1801 1819 1819 1845 1845 1848 1848 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1860 1860 1861 1861 1865 1865 1868 1868 1870 1870 1871 1871 1875 1875 1880 1880 1881 1881 1885 1885 1890 1890 1891 1891 1900 1900 1901 1901 1910 1910 1911 1911 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1966 1966 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 YEAR gives the year in which the census or survey was taken. For samples that span years, the midpoint or first year of the interval is reported. IPUMS IPUMS sample identifier 032197001 Argentina 1970 032198001 Argentina 1980 032199101 Argentina 1991 032200101 Argentina 2001 032201001 Argentina 2010 051200101 Armenia 2001 051201101 Armenia 2011 040197101 Austria 1971 040198101 Austria 1981 040199101 Austria 1991 040200101 Austria 2001 040201101 Austria 2011 050199101 Bangladesh 1991 050200101 Bangladesh 2001 050201101 Bangladesh 2011 112199901 Belarus 1999 112200901 Belarus 2009 204197901 Benin 1979 204199201 Benin 1992 204200201 Benin 2002 204201301 Benin 2013 068197601 Bolivia 1976 068199201 Bolivia 1992 068200101 Bolivia 2001 068201201 Bolivia 2012 072198101 Botswana 1981 072199101 Botswana 1991 072200101 Botswana 2001 072201101 Botswana 2011 076196001 Brazil 1960 076197001 Brazil 1970 076198001 Brazil 1980 076199101 Brazil 1991 076200001 Brazil 2000 076201001 Brazil 2010 854198501 Burkina Faso 1985 854199601 Burkina Faso 1996 854200601 Burkina Faso 2006 116199801 Cambodia 1998 116200401 Cambodia 2004 116200801 Cambodia 2008 116201301 Cambodia 2013 116201901 Cambodia 2019 120197601 Cameroon 1976 120198701 Cameroon 1987 120200501 Cameroon 2005 124185201 Canada 1852 124187101 Canada 1871 124188101 Canada 1881 124189101 Canada 1891 124190101 Canada 1901 124191101 Canada 1911 124197101 Canada 1971 124198101 Canada 1981 124199101 Canada 1991 124200101 Canada 2001 124201101 Canada 2011 152196001 Chile 1960 152197001 Chile 1970 152198201 Chile 1982 152199201 Chile 1992 152200201 Chile 2002 152201701 Chile 2017 156198201 China 1982 156199001 China 1990 156200001 China 2000 170196401 Colombia 1964 170197301 Colombia 1973 170198501 Colombia 1985 170199301 Colombia 1993 170200501 Colombia 2005 188196301 Costa Rica 1963 188197301 Costa Rica 1973 188198401 Costa Rica 1984 188200001 Costa Rica 2000 188201101 Costa Rica 2011 192200201 Cuba 2002 192201201 Cuba 2012 208178701 Denmark 1787 208180101 Denmark 1801 208184501 Denmark 1845 208188001 Denmark 1880 208188501 Denmark 1885 214196001 Dominican Republic 1960 214197001 Dominican Republic 1970 214198101 Dominican Republic 1981 214200201 Dominican Republic 2002 214201001 Dominican Republic 2010 218196201 Ecuador 1962 218197401 Ecuador 1974 218198201 Ecuador 1982 218199001 Ecuador 1990 218200101 Ecuador 2001 218201001 Ecuador 2010 818184801 Egypt 1848 818186801 Egypt 1868 818198601 Egypt 1986 818199601 Egypt 1996 818200601 Egypt 2006 222199201 El Salvador 1992 222200701 El Salvador 2007 231198401 Ethiopia 1984 231199401 Ethiopia 1994 231200701 Ethiopia 2007 242196601 Fiji 1966 242197601 Fiji 1976 242198601 Fiji 1986 242199601 Fiji 1996 242200701 Fiji 2007 242201401 Fiji 2014 246201001 Finland 2010 250196201 France 1962 250196801 France 1968 250197501 France 1975 250198201 France 1982 250199001 France 1990 250199901 France 1999 250200601 France 2006 250201101 France 2011 276181901 Germany 1819 (Mecklenburg) 276197001 Germany 1970 (West) 276197101 Germany 1971 (East) 276198101 Germany 1981 (East) 276198701 Germany 1987 (West) 288198401 Ghana 1984 288200001 Ghana 2000 288201001 Ghana 2010 300197101 Greece 1971 300198101 Greece 1981 300199101 Greece 1991 300200101 Greece 2001 300201101 Greece 2011 320196401 Guatemala 1964 320197301 Guatemala 1973 320198101 Guatemala 1981 320199401 Guatemala 1994 320200201 Guatemala 2002 324198301 Guinea 1983 324199601 Guinea 1996 324201401 Guinea 2014 332197101 Haiti 1971 332198201 Haiti 1982 332200301 Haiti 2003 340196101 Honduras 1961 340197401 Honduras 1974 340198801 Honduras 1988 340200101 Honduras 2001 348197001 Hungary 1970 348198001 Hungary 1980 348199001 Hungary 1990 348200101 Hungary 2001 348201101 Hungary 2011 352170301 Iceland 1703 352172901 Iceland 1729 352180101 Iceland 1801 352190101 Iceland 1901 352191001 Iceland 1910 356198341 India 1983 356198741 India 1987 356199341 India 1993 356199941 India 1999 356200441 India 2004 356200941 India 2009 360197101 Indonesia 1971 360197601 Indonesia 1976 360198001 Indonesia 1980 360198501 Indonesia 1985 360199001 Indonesia 1990 360199501 Indonesia 1995 360200001 Indonesia 2000 360200501 Indonesia 2005 360201001 Indonesia 2010 364200601 Iran 2006 364201101 Iran 2011 368199701 Iraq 1997 372190101 Ireland 1901 372191101 Ireland 1911 372197101 Ireland 1971 372197901 Ireland 1979 372198101 Ireland 1981 372198601 Ireland 1986 372199101 Ireland 1991 372199601 Ireland 1996 372200201 Ireland 2002 372200601 Ireland 2006 372201101 Ireland 2011 372201601 Ireland 2016 376197201 Israel 1972 376198301 Israel 1983 376199501 Israel 1995 376200801 Israel 2008 380200101 Italy 2001 380201101 Italy 2011 380201121 Italy 2011 Q1 LFS 380201221 Italy 2012 Q1 LFS 380201321 Italy 2013 Q1 LFS 380201421 Italy 2014 Q1 LFS 380201521 Italy 2015 Q1 LFS 380201621 Italy 2016 Q1 LFS 380201721 Italy 2017 Q1 LFS 380201821 Italy 2018 Q1 LFS 380201921 Italy 2019 Q1 LFS 380202021 Italy 2020 Q1 LFS 384198801 Ivory Coast 1988 384199801 Ivory Coast 1998 388198201 Jamaica 1982 388199101 Jamaica 1991 388200101 Jamaica 2001 400200401 Jordan 2004 404196901 Kenya 1969 404197901 Kenya 1979 404198901 Kenya 1989 404199901 Kenya 1999 404200901 Kenya 2009 417199901 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 417200901 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 418199501 Laos 1995 418200501 Laos 2005 418201501 Laos 2015 426199601 Lesotho 1996 426200601 Lesotho 2006 430197401 Liberia 1974 430200801 Liberia 2008 454198701 Malawi 1987 454199801 Malawi 1998 454200801 Malawi 2008 458197001 Malaysia 1970 458198001 Malaysia 1980 458199101 Malaysia 1991 458200001 Malaysia 2000 466198701 Mali 1987 466199801 Mali 1998 466200901 Mali 2009 480199001 Mauritius 1990 480200001 Mauritius 2000 480201101 Mauritius 2011 484196001 Mexico 1960 484197001 Mexico 1970 484199001 Mexico 1990 484199501 Mexico 1995 484200001 Mexico 2000 484200501 Mexico 2005 484201001 Mexico 2010 484201501 Mexico 2015 484202001 Mexico 2020 484200521 Mexico 2005 Q1 LFS 484200522 Mexico 2005 Q2 LFS 484200523 Mexico 2005 Q3 LFS 484200524 Mexico 2005 Q4 LFS 484200621 Mexico 2006 Q1 LFS 484200622 Mexico 2006 Q2 LFS 484200623 Mexico 2006 Q3 LFS 484200624 Mexico 2006 Q4 LFS 484200721 Mexico 2007 Q1 LFS 484200722 Mexico 2007 Q2 LFS 484200723 Mexico 2007 Q3 LFS 484200724 Mexico 2007 Q4 LFS 484200821 Mexico 2008 Q1 LFS 484200822 Mexico 2008 Q2 LFS 484200823 Mexico 2008 Q3 LFS 484200824 Mexico 2008 Q4 LFS 484200921 Mexico 2009 Q1 LFS 484200922 Mexico 2009 Q2 LFS 484200923 Mexico 2009 Q3 LFS 484200924 Mexico 2009 Q4 LFS 484201021 Mexico 2010 Q1 LFS 484201022 Mexico 2010 Q2 LFS 484201023 Mexico 2010 Q3 LFS 484201024 Mexico 2010 Q4 LFS 484201121 Mexico 2011 Q1 LFS 484201122 Mexico 2011 Q2 LFS 484201123 Mexico 2011 Q3 LFS 484201124 Mexico 2011 Q4 LFS 484201221 Mexico 2012 Q1 LFS 484201222 Mexico 2012 Q2 LFS 484201223 Mexico 2012 Q3 LFS 484201224 Mexico 2012 Q4 LFS 484201321 Mexico 2013 Q1 LFS 484201322 Mexico 2013 Q2 LFS 484201323 Mexico 2013 Q3 LFS 484201324 Mexico 2013 Q4 LFS 484201421 Mexico 2014 Q1 LFS 484201422 Mexico 2014 Q2 LFS 484201423 Mexico 2014 Q3 LFS 484201424 Mexico 2014 Q4 LFS 484201521 Mexico 2015 Q1 LFS 484201522 Mexico 2015 Q2 LFS 484201523 Mexico 2015 Q3 LFS 484201524 Mexico 2015 Q4 LFS 484201621 Mexico 2016 Q1 LFS 484201622 Mexico 2016 Q2 LFS 484201623 Mexico 2016 Q3 LFS 484201624 Mexico 2016 Q4 LFS 484201721 Mexico 2017 Q1 LFS 484201722 Mexico 2017 Q2 LFS 484201723 Mexico 2017 Q3 LFS 484201724 Mexico 2017 Q4 LFS 484201821 Mexico 2018 Q1 LFS 484201822 Mexico 2018 Q2 LFS 484201823 Mexico 2018 Q3 LFS 484201824 Mexico 2018 Q4 LFS 484201921 Mexico 2019 Q1 LFS 484201922 Mexico 2019 Q2 LFS 484201923 Mexico 2019 Q3 LFS 484201924 Mexico 2019 Q4 LFS 484202021 Mexico 2020 Q1 LFS 484202023 Mexico 2020 Q3 LFS 496198901 Mongolia 1989 496200001 Mongolia 2000 504198201 Morocco 1982 504199401 Morocco 1994 504200401 Morocco 2004 504201401 Morocco 2014 508199701 Mozambique 1997 508200701 Mozambique 2007 104201401 Myanmar 2014 524200101 Nepal 2001 524201101 Nepal 2011 528196001 Netherlands 1960 528197101 Netherlands 1971 528200101 Netherlands 2001 528201101 Netherlands 2011 558197101 Nicaragua 1971 558199501 Nicaragua 1995 558200501 Nicaragua 2005 566200621 Nigeria 2006 566200721 Nigeria 2007 566200821 Nigeria 2008 566200921 Nigeria 2009 566201021 Nigeria 2010 578180101 Norway 1801 578186501 Norway 1865 578187501 Norway 1875 578190001 Norway 1900 578191001 Norway 1910 586197301 Pakistan 1973 586198101 Pakistan 1981 586199801 Pakistan 1998 275199701 Palestine 1997 275200701 Palestine 2007 275201701 Palestine 2017 591196001 Panama 1960 591197001 Panama 1970 591198001 Panama 1980 591199001 Panama 1990 591200001 Panama 2000 591201001 Panama 2010 598198001 Papua New Guinea 1980 598199001 Papua New Guinea 1990 598200001 Papua New Guinea 2000 600196201 Paraguay 1962 600197201 Paraguay 1972 600198201 Paraguay 1982 600199201 Paraguay 1992 600200201 Paraguay 2002 604199301 Peru 1993 604200701 Peru 2007 604201701 Peru 2017 608199001 Philippines 1990 608199501 Philippines 1995 608200001 Philippines 2000 608201001 Philippines 2010 616197801 Poland 1978 616198801 Poland 1988 616200201 Poland 2002 616201101 Poland 2011 620198101 Portugal 1981 620199101 Portugal 1991 620200101 Portugal 2001 620201101 Portugal 2011 630197001 Puerto Rico 1970 630198001 Puerto Rico 1980 630199001 Puerto Rico 1990 630200001 Puerto Rico 2000 630200501 Puerto Rico 2005 630201001 Puerto Rico 2010 630201501 Puerto Rico 2015 630202001 Puerto Rico 2020 642197701 Romania 1977 642199201 Romania 1992 642200201 Romania 2002 642201101 Romania 2011 643200201 Russia 2002 643201001 Russia 2010 646199101 Rwanda 1991 646200201 Rwanda 2002 646201201 Rwanda 2012 662198001 Saint Lucia 1980 662199101 Saint Lucia 1991 686198801 Senegal 1988 686200201 Senegal 2002 686201301 Senegal 2013 694200401 Sierra Leone 2004 694201501 Sierra Leone 2015 703199101 Slovak Republic 1991 703200101 Slovak Republic 2001 703201101 Slovak Republic 2011 705200201 Slovenia 2002 710199601 South Africa 1996 710200101 South Africa 2001 710200701 South Africa 2007 710201101 South Africa 2011 710201601 South Africa 2016 728200801 South Sudan 2008 724198101 Spain 1981 724199101 Spain 1991 724200101 Spain 2001 724201101 Spain 2011 724200521 Spain 2005 Q1 LFS 724200522 Spain 2005 Q2 LFS 724200523 Spain 2005 Q3 LFS 724200524 Spain 2005 Q4 LFS 724200621 Spain 2006 Q1 LFS 724200622 Spain 2006 Q2 LFS 724200623 Spain 2006 Q3 LFS 724200624 Spain 2006 Q4 LFS 724200721 Spain 2007 Q1 LFS 724200722 Spain 2007 Q2 LFS 724200723 Spain 2007 Q3 LFS 724200724 Spain 2007 Q4 LFS 724200821 Spain 2008 Q1 LFS 724200822 Spain 2008 Q2 LFS 724200823 Spain 2008 Q3 LFS 724200824 Spain 2008 Q4 LFS 724200921 Spain 2009 Q1 LFS 724200922 Spain 2009 Q2 LFS 724200923 Spain 2009 Q3 LFS 724200924 Spain 2009 Q4 LFS 724201021 Spain 2010 Q1 LFS 724201022 Spain 2010 Q2 LFS 724201023 Spain 2010 Q3 LFS 724201024 Spain 2010 Q4 LFS 724201121 Spain 2011 Q1 LFS 724201122 Spain 2011 Q2 LFS 724201123 Spain 2011 Q3 LFS 724201124 Spain 2011 Q4 LFS 724201221 Spain 2012 Q1 LFS 724201222 Spain 2012 Q2 LFS 724201223 Spain 2012 Q3 LFS 724201224 Spain 2012 Q4 LFS 724201321 Spain 2013 Q1 LFS 724201322 Spain 2013 Q2 LFS 724201323 Spain 2013 Q3 LFS 724201324 Spain 2013 Q4 LFS 724201421 Spain 2014 Q1 LFS 724201422 Spain 2014 Q2 LFS 724201423 Spain 2014 Q3 LFS 724201424 Spain 2014 Q4 LFS 724201521 Spain 2015 Q1 LFS 724201522 Spain 2015 Q2 LFS 724201523 Spain 2015 Q3 LFS 724201524 Spain 2015 Q4 LFS 724201621 Spain 2016 Q1 LFS 724201622 Spain 2016 Q2 LFS 724201623 Spain 2016 Q3 LFS 724201624 Spain 2016 Q4 LFS 724201721 Spain 2017 Q1 LFS 724201722 Spain 2017 Q2 LFS 724201723 Spain 2017 Q3 LFS 724201724 Spain 2017 Q4 LFS 724201821 Spain 2018 Q1 LFS 724201822 Spain 2018 Q2 LFS 724201823 Spain 2018 Q3 LFS 724201824 Spain 2018 Q4 LFS 724201921 Spain 2019 Q1 LFS 724201922 Spain 2019 Q2 LFS 724201923 Spain 2019 Q3 LFS 724201924 Spain 2019 Q4 LFS 724202021 Spain 2020 Q1 LFS 724202022 Spain 2020 Q2 LFS 724202023 Spain 2020 Q3 LFS 724202024 Spain 2020 Q4 LFS 729200801 Sudan 2008 740200401 Suriname 2004 740201201 Suriname 2012 752188001 Sweden 1880 752189001 Sweden 1890 752190001 Sweden 1900 752191001 Sweden 1910 756197001 Switzerland 1970 756198001 Switzerland 1980 756199001 Switzerland 1990 756200001 Switzerland 2000 756201101 Switzerland 2011 834198801 Tanzania 1988 834200201 Tanzania 2002 834201201 Tanzania 2012 764197001 Thailand 1970 764198001 Thailand 1980 764199001 Thailand 1990 764200001 Thailand 2000 768196001 Togo 1960 768197001 Togo 1970 768201001 Togo 2010 780197001 Trinidad and Tobago 1970 780198001 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 780199001 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 780200001 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 780201101 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 792198501 Turkey 1985 792199001 Turkey 1990 792200001 Turkey 2000 800199101 Uganda 1991 800200201 Uganda 2002 800201401 Uganda 2014 804200101 Ukraine 2001 826185101 United Kingdom 1851 (England and Wales) 826185102 United Kingdom 1851 (Scotland) 826185103 United Kingdom 1851 (2% sample) 826186101 United Kingdom 1861 (England and Wales) 826186102 United Kingdom 1861 (Scotland) 826187101 United Kingdom 1871 (Scotland) 826188101 United Kingdom 1881 (England and Wales) 826188102 United Kingdom 1881 (Scotland) 826189101 United Kingdom 1891 (England and Wales) 826189102 United Kingdom 1891 (Scotland) 826190101 United Kingdom 1901 (England and Wales) 826190102 United Kingdom 1901 (Scotland) 826191101 United Kingdom 1911 (England and Wales) 826196101 United Kingdom 1961 826197101 United Kingdom 1971 826199101 United Kingdom 1991 826200101 United Kingdom 2001 840185001 United States 1850 (100%) 840185002 United States 1850 (1%) 840186001 United States 1860 (1%) 840187001 United States 1870 (1%) 840188001 United States 1880 (100%) 840188002 United States 1880 (10%) 840190001 United States 1900 (5%) 840191001 United States 1910 (1%) 840196001 United States 1960 840197001 United States 1970 840198001 United States 1980 840199001 United States 1990 840200001 United States 2000 840200501 United States 2005 840201001 United States 2010 840201501 United States 2015 840202001 United States 2020 858196301 Uruguay 1963 858196302 Uruguay 1963 (full count) 858197501 Uruguay 1975 858197502 Uruguay 1975 (full count) 858198501 Uruguay 1985 858198502 Uruguay 1985 (full count) 858199601 Uruguay 1996 858199602 Uruguay 1996 (full count) 858200621 Uruguay 2006 858201101 Uruguay 2011 858201102 Uruguay 2011 (full count) 862197101 Venezuela 1971 862198101 Venezuela 1981 862199001 Venezuela 1990 862200101 Venezuela 2001 704198901 Vietnam 1989 704199901 Vietnam 1999 704200901 Vietnam 2009 704201901 Vietnam 2019 894199001 Zambia 1990 894200001 Zambia 2000 894201001 Zambia 2010 716201201 Zimbabwe 2012 SAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 9-digit code. The code is structured as follows: The first 3 digits are the ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY The next 4 digits are the year of the census/survey The final 2 digits identify the sample within the year. For the last two digits, censuses or large census-like surveys have a value "0" (e.g, 01) in the second-to-last digit, household surveys have a value of "2" (e.g., 21), and employment surveys have a value of "4" (e.g., 41). IPUMS Household serial number SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) The combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS-International database; SAMPLE, SERIAL and PERNUM uniquely identify every person in the database. SERIAL can be used to identify dwellings in some samples. In these samples, the first 7 digits of SERIAL provide the dwelling number common to all households that were sampled from the same structure. The last three digits give the sequence of the household within the dwelling. The following is a list of samples in which dwellings can be inferred: Chile 1970, 1992, 2002Colombia 1993, 2005Costa Rica 1984, 2000Cuba 2002Dominican Republic 1981, 2002, 2010Ecuador 1990, 2001Germany 1971Hungary 1980, 1990, 2001Jamaica 1982, 1991, 2001Malaysia 1970, 1991, 2000Mexico 1995, 1990, 2000, 2005Nigeria 2006Panama 2000Peru 1993, 2007Portugal 1981, 1991, 2001Spain 1991Uruguay 2011Venezuela 1990, 2001Vietnam 1989In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. SERIAL was constructed for IPUMS-International, and has no relation to the serial number in the original datasets. The U.S. 1900 sample and 1880 10% sample have multi-household dwellings that can be identified using the last 3 digits of SERIAL. SERIAL is a 10-digit numeric variable. The last 3 digits of SERIAL indicate household number within dwelling for selected samples noted in the variable description. In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. IPUMS Number of person records in the household PERSONS indicates how many person records are included in the household (i.e., the number of person records associated with the household record in the sample). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons. PERSONS is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Household weight HHWT indicates the number of households in the population represented by the household in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), HHWT must be used to yield accurate household-level statistics. NOTE: HHWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. HHWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Subsample number 00 1st 1% subsample 01 2nd 1% subsample 02 3rd 1% subsample 03 4th 1% subsample 04 5th 1% subsample 05 6th 1% subsample 06 7th 1% subsample 07 8th 1% subsample 08 9th 1% subsample 09 10th 1% subsample 10 11th 1% subsample 11 12th 1% subsample 12 13th 1% subsample 13 14th 1% subsample 14 15th 1% subsample 15 16th 1% subsample 16 17th 1% subsample 17 18th 1% subsample 18 19th 1% subsample 19 20th 1% subsample 20 21st 1% subsample 21 22nd 1% subsample 22 23rd 1% subsample 23 24th 1% subsample 24 25th 1% subsample 25 26th 1% subsample 26 27th 1% subsample 27 28th 1% subsample 28 29th 1% subsample 29 30th 1% subsample 30 31st 1% subsample 31 32nd 1% subsample 32 33rd 1% subsample 33 34th 1% subsample 34 35th 1% subsample 35 36th 1% subsample 36 37th 1% subsample 37 38th 1% subsample 38 39th 1% subsample 39 40th 1% subsample 40 41st 1% subsample 41 42nd 1% subsample 42 43rd 1% subsample 43 44th 1% subsample 44 45th 1% subsample 45 46th 1% subsample 46 47th 1% subsample 47 48th 1% subsample 48 49th 1% subsample 49 50th 1% subsample 50 51st 1% subsample 51 52nd 1% subsample 52 53rd 1% subsample 53 54th 1% subsample 54 55th 1% subsample 55 56th 1% subsample 56 57th 1% subsample 57 58th 1% subsample 58 59th 1% subsample 59 60th 1% subsample 60 61st 1% subsample 61 62nd 1% subsample 62 63rd 1% subsample 63 64th 1% subsample 64 65th 1% subsample 65 66th 1% subsample 66 67th 1% subsample 67 68th 1% subsample 68 69th 1% subsample 69 70th 1% subsample 70 71st 1% subsample 71 72nd 1% subsample 72 73rd 1% subsample 73 74th 1% subsample 74 75th 1% subsample 75 76th 1% subsample 76 77th 1% subsample 77 78th 1% subsample 78 79th 1% subsample 79 80th 1% subsample 80 81st 1% subsample 81 82nd 1% subsample 82 83rd 1% subsample 83 84th 1% subsample 84 85th 1% subsample 85 86th 1% subsample 86 87th 1% subsample 87 88th 1% subsample 88 89th 1% subsample 89 90th 1% subsample 90 91st 1% subsample 91 92nd 1% subsample 92 93rd 1% subsample 93 94th 1% subsample 94 95th 1% subsample 95 96th 1% subsample 96 97th 1% subsample 97 98th 1% subsample 98 99th 1% subsample 99 100th 1% subsample SUBSAMP allocates each case to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. Each subsample is nationally representative and preserves any stratification of the sample from which it is drawn. Users who need a representative subset of a sample can use SUBSAMP to select their cases. For example, to randomly extract 10% of the cases from a sample, select any 10 of the 100 subsamples. IPUMS Group quarters (collective dwelling) status 00 Vacant 10 Households 20 Group quarters (collective), n.s. 21 Institutions 22 Other group quarters 29 1-person unit created by splitting large household 99 Unknown/group quarters not identified GQ identifies households as vacant dwellings, group quarters, or private households. Group quarters -- collective dwellings -- are generally institutions and other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and boarding schools. Institutions often retain persons under formal supervision or custody, such as correctional institutions, military barracks, asylums, or nursing homes. Educational and religious group dwellings (e.g., boarding schools, convents, monasteries, etc.) are also included in the institutional classification. Group quarter designations are often useful for understanding the universe of households that answered questions about household characteristics. Censuses will often exclude group quarters from such questions. IPUMS Group quarters type 100 Institutional 110 Prisons, reformatories, or correctional institutions 120 Hospital, nursing home, hospice, or instutions for persons with disabilities 121 Institutions for persons with disabilities 122 Sanatorium or mental institutions 130 Homes for the elderly or orphanage 131 Retirement home 132 Orphanage, children's home 140 Shelter for homeless, youth, or others 150 Military or police institution 160 Boarding school or student housing 170 Religious institution, monastery, seminary, or convent 199 Other institutional n.e.c. 200 Non-institutional 210 Camps (refugees, workers, or others) 220 Hotel, pension, lodging, or boarding house 230 Floating population 299 Other non-institutional n.e.c. 300 Other group quarters 399 1-person unit created by splitting large household 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) GQTYPE identifies the type of group quarters -- collective dwellings -- which are broadly classified into institutional and non-institutional types. Institutions are a place of residence where people are subject to a common authority or bound by a common objective or personal interest. The definition encompasses correctional facilities, health institutions, retirement homes, orphanages, shelters (social welfare institutions), military or police establishments, boarding schools, and religious group dwellings. Non-institutional group quarters comprise refugee and workers' camps (temporary accommodation), hotels, pensions, and all types of boarding or lodging houses. The "floating population" is included as a category within the non-institutional group quarters, when identified by the corresponding sample. This group refers to outdoor sleepers, homeless persons, travelers, and persons in ships, boats, or other mobile dwellings. A more general classification of households between private and group quarters is available in GQ. IPUMS Number of unrelated persons 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9+ UNREL indicates the number of persons in the household who are unrelated to the head as defined in the variable RELATE. IPUMS Urban-rural status 1 Rural 2 Urban 9 Unknown URBAN indicates whether the household was located in a place designated as urban or as rural. IPUMS Continent and region of country 11 Eastern Africa 12 Middle Africa 13 Northern Africa 14 Southern Africa 15 Western Africa 21 Caribbean 22 Central America 23 North America 24 South America 31 Central Asia 32 Eastern Asia 33 Southern Asia 34 South-Eastern Asia 35 Western Asia 41 Eastern Europe 42 Northern Europe 43 Southern Europe 44 Western Europe 51 Australia and New Zealand 52 Melanesia 53 Micronesia 54 Polynesia REGIONW identifies the continent and region of each country. IPUMS 1st subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV1 indicates the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. First administrative units in GEOLEV1 have been spatiotemporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV1 is a 6-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV1 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO1_BR. IPUMS Population density of GEOLEV1 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO1 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO1 is an 8-digit string variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. IPUMS Area of GEOLEV1 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO1 indicates the area in square kilometers of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO1 is a 10-digit string variable listing the area in square kilometers. IPUMS United States, State 1850 - 2020 [Level 1; consistent boundaries, GIS] 840001 Alabama 840002 Alaska 840004 Arizona 840005 Arkansas 840006 California 840008 Colorado 840009 Connecticut 840010 Delaware 840011 District of Columbia 840012 Florida 840013 Georgia 840015 Hawaii 840016 Idaho 840017 Illinois 840018 Indiana 840019 Iowa 840020 Kansas 840021 Kentucky 840022 Louisiana 840023 Maine 840024 Maryland 840025 Massachusetts 840026 Michigan 840027 Minnesota 840028 Mississippi 840029 Missouri 840030 Montana 840031 Nebraska 840032 Nevada 840033 New Hampshire 840034 New Jersey 840035 New Mexico 840036 New York 840037 North Carolina 840038 North Dakota 840039 Ohio 840040 Oklahoma 840041 Oregon 840042 Pennsylvania 840044 Rhode Island 840045 South Carolina 840046 South Dakota 840047 Tennessee 840048 Texas 840049 Utah 840050 Vermont 840051 Virginia 840053 Washington 840054 West Virginia 840055 Wisconsin 840056 Wyoming 840099 State unknown GEO1_US identifies the household's state within the United States in all sample years. States are the first level administrative units of the country. GEO1_US is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_US can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, State 1960 [Level 1, GIS] 001 Alabama 002 Alaska 004 Arizona 005 Arkansas 006 California 008 Colorado 009 Connecticut 010 Delaware 011 District of Columbia 012 Florida 013 Georgia 015 Hawaii 016 Idaho 017 Illinois 018 Indiana 019 Iowa 020 Kansas 021 Kentucky 022 Louisiana 023 Maine 024 Maryland 025 Massachusetts 026 Michigan 027 Minnesota 028 Mississippi 029 Missouri 030 Montana 031 Nebraska 032 Nevada 033 New Hampshire 034 New Jersey 035 New Mexico 036 New York 037 North Carolina 038 North Dakota 039 Ohio 040 Oklahoma 041 Oregon 042 Pennsylvania 044 Rhode Island 045 South Carolina 046 South Dakota 047 Tennessee 048 Texas 049 Utah 050 Vermont 051 Virginia 053 Washington 054 West Virginia 055 Wisconsin 056 Wyoming GEO1_ US1960 identifies the household's state within United States in 1960. States are the first level administrative units of the country. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_ US1960 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, Region 11 New England division 12 Middle Atlantic division 13 Northeast, n.s. 21 East North Central division 22 West North Central division 23 Midwest, n.s. 31 South Atlantic division 32 East South Central division 33 West South Central division 34 South, n.s. 41 Mountain division 42 Pacific division 43 West, n.s. 99 Region unknown REGNUS indicates the census region in the United States in which the household was enumerated. REGNUS is the largest-scale geographic identifier available in the U.S. samples. REGNUS is harmonized by name and does not account for boundary changes over time. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned 2 Not owned 9 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Owned 110 Owned, already paid 120 Owned, still paying 130 Owned, constructed 140 Owned, inherited 190 Owned, other 191 Owned, house 192 Owned, condominium 193 Apartment proprietor 194 Shared ownership 200 Not owned 210 Renting, not specified 211 Renting, government 212 Renting, local authority 213 Renting, parastatal 214 Renting, private 215 Renting, private company 216 Renting, individual 217 Renting, collective 218 Renting, joint state and individual 219 Renting, public subsidized 220 Renting, private subsidized 221 Renting, co-tenant 222 Renting, relative of tenant 223 Renting, cooperative 224 Renting, with a job or business 225 Renting, loan-backed habitation 226 Renting, mixed contract 227 Furnished dwelling 228 Sharecropping 230 Subletting 231 Rent to own 239 Renting, other 240 Occupied de facto/squatting 250 Free/usufruct (no cash rent) 251 Free, provided by employer 252 Free, without work or services 253 Free, provided by family or friend 254 Free, private 255 Free, public 256 Free, condemned 257 Free, other 260 Endowment, Waqf (Egypt historical) 290 Not owned, other 999 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Sewage 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Connected to sewage system or septic tank 11 Sewage system (public sewage disposal) 12 Septic tank (private sewage disposal) 20 Not connected to sewage disposal system 99 Unknown SEWAGE indicates whether the household has access to a sewage system or septic tank. IPUMS Fuel for heating 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 None 02 Electricity 03 Fuel oil, kerosene, other liquid fuels 04 Kerosene/paraffin 05 Diesel 06 Gas 07 Bottled gas, in tank, liquified 08 Solid fuel 09 Coal 10 Wood 11 Wood or coal 12 Solar 13 Animal dung 14 Charcoal 15 Biofuel 16 Other 17 Multiple sources 99 Unknown FUELHEAT indicates the main fuel source for heating the household. IPUMS Telephone availability NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing PHONE indicates the availability of a telephone in the dwelling. IPUMS Automobiles available No autos 1 1 auto 2 2 autos 3 3 autos 4 4 autos 5 5 autos 6 6+ autos 7 Have auto, number unspecified 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) AUTOS records whether a member of the household owned or had use of a vehicle and, in many samples, the number of such vehicles. IPUMS Hot water heater NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing HOTWATER indicates whether the housing unit had a water heater. IPUMS Air conditioning 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No air conditioning 20 Yes, air conditioning 21 1 unit or room 22 2 units or rooms 23 3 units or rooms 24 4 units or rooms 25 5 units or rooms 26 6 units or rooms 27 7 units or rooms 28 8 or more units or rooms 29 Central system 99 Unknown This variable indicates whether the household had air conditioning. IPUMS Clothes washing machine NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 3 Automatic or semi-automatic 4 Wringer or other non-automatic 9 Unknown/missing WASHER indicates whether the household had a clothes washing machine. IPUMS Food freezer NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing FREEZER indicates whether the household had a food freezer separate from a refrigerator. IPUMS Television set 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes, color or black-and-white not specified 21 1 television 22 2 televisions 23 3 televisions 24 4 televisions 25 5 televisions 26 6 televisions 27 7 televisions 28 8 televisions 29 9+ televisions 30 Yes, at least one color tv 31 1 color tv 32 2 color tvs 33 3+ televisions 40 Yes, black-and-white only 41 1 black-white tv 42 2 black-white tvs 43 3+ black-white tvs 99 Unknown/missing TV indicates whether the household had a television. IPUMS Radio in household NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing RADIO indicates whether the household had a radio. IPUMS Number of rooms 00 Part of a room; no rooms 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) ROOMS indicates the number of rooms occupied by the housing unit. IPUMS Number of bedrooms 00 No bedrooms 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDROOMS indicates the number of rooms available to members of the household for sleeping. IPUMS Kitchen or cooking facilities 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No kitchen 11 Food is prepared in a non-kitchen room 13 Does not prepare food in the dwelling 20 Yes, have a kitchen 21 Kitchen located inside the dwelling 22 Indoor kitchen, exclusive use 23 Indoor kitchen, shared use 24 Exclusive use of kitchen (indoor/outdoor status not specified) 25 Shared use of kitchen with another household (indoor/outdoor status not specified) 26 Kitchen located outside the dwelling 27 Outdoor kitchen, exclusive use 28 Outdoor kitchen, shared use 99 Unknown/missing KITCHEN indicates whether the household had a kitchen, cooking facilities, or room dedicated to food preparation. IPUMS Toilet 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No toilet 11 No flush toilet 20 Have toilet, type not specified 21 Flush toilet 22 Non-flush, latrine 23 Non-flush, other and unspecified 99 Unknown TOILET indicates whether the household had access to a toilet and, in most cases, whether it was a flush toilet or other type of installation. IPUMS Number of bathrooms 00 No bathrooms (or half bathroom) 01 1 bathroom 02 2 bathrooms 03 3 bathrooms 04 4 bathrooms 05 5 bathrooms 06 6 bathrooms 07 7 bathrooms 08 8 bathrooms 09 9 bathrooms 10 10 bathrooms 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) BATHROOMS indicates the number of bathrooms in the dwelling available for use by the household. IPUMS Bathing facilities NIU (not in universe) 1 No bathing facility 2 Have bathing facility, exclusivity not specified 3 Have bathing facility, exclusive use 4 Have bathing facility, shared use 9 Unknown BATH indicates whether the household had access to bathing facilities and, in most cases, whether it had exclusive access. IPUMS Age of structure, coded from intervals 000 Less than 1 year old 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200+ 997 Under construction 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) AGESTRUCT2 gives the estimated age of the structure. IPUMS Stories in structure 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 story 02 2 stories 03 3 stories 04 4 stories 05 5 stories 06 6 stories 07 7 stories 08 8 stories 09 9 stories 10 10 stories 11 11 stories 12 12 stories 13 13 stories 14 14 stories 15 15 stories 16 16 stories 17 17 stories 18 18 stories 19 19 stories 20 20 stories 21 21 stories 22 22 stories 23 23 stories 24 24 stories 25 25+ stories 99 Unknown STORIES indicates the number of floors or levels in the building containing the responding housing unit. IPUMS Elevator in structure NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown ELEVATOR indicates whether housing units in the building had access to a passenger elevator. IPUMS Household classification 00 Vacant household 01 One-person household 02 Married/cohab couple, no children 03 Married/cohab couple with children 04 Single-parent family 05 Polygamous family 06 Extended family, relatives only 07 Composite household, family and non-relatives 08 Non-family household 09 Unclassified subfamily 10 Other relative or non-relative household 11 Group quarters 99 Unclassifiable HHTYPE is a constructed variable that describes the composition of households. HHTYPE is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head), from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father), and from information on group quarters status, GQ. IPUMS Number of families in household Vacant household 1 1 family 2 2 families 3 3 families 4 4 families 5 5 families 6 6 families 7 7 families 8 8 families 9 9 or more families NFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. Family membership is defined by FAMUNIT. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and a domestic employee contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multi-generation extended family with no persons unrelated to the head counts as a single family. NFAMS is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). See those variable descriptions for more detail. IPUMS Number of married couples in household No married couples in household 1 1 couple 2 2 couples 3 3 couples 4 4 couples 5 5 couples 6 6 couples 7 7 couples 8 8 couples 9 9 or more couples NCOUPLES is a constructed variable indicating the number of married/in-union couples within a household. NCOUPLES is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable SPLOC (spouse's location in the household). IPUMS Number of mothers in household No mothers in household 1 1 mother 2 2 mothers 3 3 mothers 4 4 mothers 5 5 mothers 6 6 mothers 7 7 mothers 8 8 mothers 9 9 or more mothers in household NMOTHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of mothers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NMOTHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable MOMLOC (mother's location in the household). IPUMS Number of fathers in household No fathers in household 1 1 father 2 2 fathers 3 3 fathers 4 4 fathers 5 5 fathers 6 6 fathers 7 7 fathers 8 8 fathers 9 9 or more fathers in household NFATHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of fathers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NFATHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable POPLOC (father's location in the household). IPUMS Head's location in household HEADLOC gives the person number (PERNUM) of the head of household in samples in which persons are organized into households. HEADLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Census year United States 1960: All households 96 1960 This variable indicates the year when the household was enumerated or included in the ACS. IPUMS Household serial number United States 1960: All households This variable indicates the household's unique number in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. This is a 8-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Number of person records in the household United States 1960: All households 01 1 person record 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 24 24 25 25 26 26 This variable indicates the number of person records that are included in the sampled unit. These person records all have the same serial number as the household record. IPUMS Subsample number United States 1960: All households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 Allocates each household to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. IPUMS Household weight United States 1960: All households 099 99 100 100 This variable indicates how many households in the U.S. population are represented by a given household in the IPUMS. IPUMS Report form, 1960 United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 20 form, PH3 sample 2 20 form, PH4 sample 3 5 form, PH3 sample 4 5 form, PH4 sample This variable indicates which set of questions the household answered. In 1960 all respondents answered the same population questions, but some of the housing questions were asked of a smaller sample of the population. IPUMS Census region and division United States 1960: All households 1 New England Division 2 Middle Atlantic Division 3 East North Central Division 4 West North Central Division 5 South Atlantic Division 6 East South Central Division 7 West South Central Division 8 Mountain Division 9 Pacific Division This variable indicates the household's census region and division. IPUMS State (ICPSR code) United States 1960: All households 01 Connecticut 02 Maine 03 Massachusetts 04 New Hampshire 05 Rhode Island 06 Vermont 11 Delaware 12 New Jersey 13 New York 14 Pennsylvania 21 Illinois 22 Indiana 23 Michigan 24 Ohio 25 Wisconsin 31 Iowa 32 Kansas 33 Minnesota 34 Missouri 35 Nebraska 36 North Dakota 37 South Dakota 40 Virginia 41 Alabama 42 Arkansas 43 Florida 44 Georgia 45 Louisiana 46 Mississippi 47 North Carolina 48 South Carolina 49 Texas 51 Kentucky 52 Maryland 53 Oklahoma 54 Tennessee 56 West Virginia 61 Arizona 62 Colorado 63 Idaho 64 Montana 65 Nevada 66 New Mexico 67 Utah 68 Wyoming 71 California 72 Oregon 73 Washington 81 Alaska 82 Hawaii 98 District of Columbia This variable indicates the state in which the housing unit was located, using the coding scheme developed by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). IPUMS State (FIPS code) United States 1960: All households 01 Alabama 02 Alaska 04 Arizona 05 Arkansas 06 California 08 Colorado 09 Connecticut 10 Delaware 11 District of Columbia 12 Florida 13 Georgia 15 Hawaii 16 Idaho 17 Illinois 18 Indiana 19 Iowa 20 Kansas 21 Kentucky 22 Louisiana 23 Maine 24 Maryland 25 Massachusetts 26 Michigan 27 Minnesota 28 Mississippi 29 Missouri 30 Montana 31 Nebraska 32 Nevada 33 New Hampshire 34 New Jersey 35 New Mexico 36 New York 37 North Carolina 38 North Dakota 39 Ohio 40 Oklahoma 41 Oregon 42 Pennsylvania 44 Rhode island 45 South Carolina 46 South Dakota 47 Tennessee 48 Texas 49 Utah 50 Vermont 51 Virginia 53 Washington 54 West Virginia 55 Wisconsin 56 Wyoming This variable indicates the state in which the household was located, using the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) coding scheme, which orders the states alphabetically. IPUMS Metropolitan status United States 1960: All households Not identifiable 1 Not in metro area 2 Central city 3 Outside central city 4 Central city status unknown This variable indicates whether the household was located within a metropolitan area. For households within metropolitan areas, the variable also indicates whether the housing unit was within a metropolitan area's central city (or cities), or within the remainder of the metropolitan area. IPUMS Urban-rural status United States 1960: Households in states with both 250,000+ rural and 250,000+ urban residents [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Rural 2 Urban This variable indicates whether the household's location was urban or rural. IPUMS Group quarters status United States 1960: All households 1 Households under 1970 definition 2 Institutions 3 Other group quarters This variable indicates all housing units as falling into one of three main categories: households under 1970 definition, institutions and other group quarters. IPUMS Group quarters type United States 1960: Group quarters [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Correctional institution 02 Mental institutions 03 Aged, dependent home 04 Homes neglected/depend children 05 Other institutions for children 06 Physically handicapped homes, schools and ho 07 Mentally handicapped homes and schools 08 TB and other chronic disease hospital 09 Military 10 College dormitory 11 Rooming house 12 Other Non-Instit GQ and unknown This variable indicates the type of group quarters. IPUMS Farm status [PH-3] <br /><span class="em">H17 and H18. Is this house:</span> </p> <div class="i1">[] On a city lot (or is this an apartment building)?</div><div class="i1">or <br /><br />[] On a place of less than 10 acres?</div><div class="i2">Last year (1959), did sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products from this place amount to $250 or more?</div><div class="i3">[] $250 or more <br />[] Less than $250 or none</div><div class="i1">or</div><div class="i1">[] On a place of 10 or more acres?</div><div class="i2">Last year (1959), did sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products from this place amount to $50 or more?</div><div class="i3">[] $50 or more <br />[] Less than $50 or none</div> United States 1960: All households 1 Non-Farm 2 Farm This variable indicates farm households. IPUMS Sales of farm products <svar a="US60A021 US60A466" v="US60A021 US60A463 US60A466"><span class="em">P33. How much did he earn in 1959 in profits or fees from working in his own business, professional practice, partnership, or farm? </span><br /><div class="i1">Net income after business expenses. (Enter amount or check "None." If exact figure not known, give lest estimate. If business or farm lost money, write "Loss" after amount.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">(Dollars only) $_____ .00 or <br />[] None</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters, not in city lots, not in cities with 50,000+ residents [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 $0-249 in sales and under 10 acres 2 $250+ and under 10 acres 3 $0 -49 in sales and 10+ acres 4 $50+ and 10+ acres This variable indicates the previous year's gross sales of farm produce in contemporary dollars. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [PH-3] <br /><span class="em">H12. Is the house, part of the house, or apartment in which you live:</span> (Check one) </p> <div class="i1">[] Owned or being bought by you or someone else in your household? <br />[] Rented for cash? <br />[] Occupied without payment of cash rent?</div> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned or being bought 2 No cash rent 3 With cash rent This variable indicates whether the household rented or owned the dwelling. Dwellings acquired with a mortgage or other lending arrangement are classified as "owned," even if repayment was not yet completed. IPUMS House value <span class="em">Home owners and buyers please answer this question.</span> <br />[PH-4; see also H40.] <br /><span class="em">H15. About how much do you think this property would sell for on today's market?</span> (Check one) </p> <div class="i1">[] Under $5,000 <br />[] $5,000 to $7,400 <br />[] $7,500 to $9,900 <br />[] $10,000 to $12,400 <br />[] $12,500 to $14,900 <br />[] $15,000 to $17,400<br />[] $17,500 to $19,900<br />[] $20,000 to $24,900<br />[] $25,000 to $34,000<br />[] $35,000 or more</div><svar v="US60A024">[PH-3; see also H15] <br /><span class="em">H40. About how much do you think this property would sell for on today's market?</span> <br /><div class="i1">Do not answer if your home is on a place of 10 or more acres.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Less than $5,000 <br />[] $5,000 to $7,400 <br />[] $7,500 to $9,900 <br />[] $10,000 to $12,400 <br />[] $12,500 to $14,900 <br />[] $15,000 to $17,400 <br />[] $17,500 to $19,900 <br />[] $20,000 to $24,400 <br />[] $25,000 to $34,900 <br />[] $35,000 or more</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Owner-occupied single-family houses and condos/cooperatives; excluding units with businesses, rural farms, rural nonfarms on 10+ acres; trailers, and group quarters [not verifiable] 02500 Less than $5,000 06250 $5,000-7,499 08750 $7,500-9,999 11250 $10,000-12,499 13750 $12,500-14,999 16250 $15,000-17,499 18750 $17,500-19,999 22500 $20,000-24,999 30000 $25,000-34,999 35000 $35,000+ 99999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the value of the dwelling in current dollars (reports the midpoint of an interval). IPUMS Commercial use <svar a="all" v="US60A025">[PH-4. Filled in by enumerator, not respondent. This is the FOSDIC version; see also H39.] <br /><span class="em">If "owned or being bought" or "vacant--for sale only" </span><br /><span class="em">H14. Description of property </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 1 unit, no business <br />[] 1 unit, with business <br />[] 2 or more units</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US60A025">[PH-3 -- Filled in by enumerator, not respondent. This is the FOSDIC version.] <br /><span class="em">If "owned or being bought" or "vacant--for sale only" (Omit if 10 acres or more)</span> <br /><span class="em">H39. (H14) Description of property (from back page of questionnaire)</span> <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 1 unit, no business <br />[] 1 unit, with business <br />[] 2 or more units</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Owner-occupied single-family houses/condos/cooperatives; excluding rural farms and rural nonfarms on 10+ acres; mobile homes; and group quarters [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No commerical use 2 Yes, used commercially This variable indicates housing units with a business (such as a store or barber shop) or medical/dental office on the property. IPUMS Acreage of property [PH-3] <br /><span class="em">H17 and H18. Is this house:</span> </p> <div class="i1">[] On a city lot (or is this an apartment building)?</div><div class="i1">or <br /><br />[] On a place of less than 10 acres?</div><div class="i2">Last year (1959), did sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products from this place amount to $250 or more?</div><div class="i3">[] $250 or more <br />[] Less than $250 or none</div><div class="i1">or</div><div class="i1">[] On a place of 10 or more acres?</div><div class="i2">Last year (1959), did sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products from this place amount to $50 or more?</div><div class="i3">[] $50 or more <br />[] Less than $50 or none</div> United States 1960: Not group quarters, not in cities with 50,000+ residents [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 City or suburban lot 3 Under 10 acres (includes less than 1 acre) 5 10 acres This variable indicates the number of acres on which a housing unit was located. It can also be used to identify city and suburban lots. IPUMS Rent includes land used for farming United States 1960: If paid cash rent, not in cities with 50,000+ residents [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes This variable indicates whether a household's cash rent payments (if any) covered land used for farming or ranching. IPUMS Monthly contract rent <svar a="all" v="US60A029 US60A030"><span class="em">Renters please answer this question. </span><br />[PH-4; see also H41.] <br /><span class="em">H16. -</span> If you pay your rent by the month <br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">What is your monthly rent?</span> <br /><br /><div class="i2">$(Nearest dollar)_____.00</div></div><br /><br /><div class="i1">or</div> <br /><br /><div class="i1">If you pay rent by the week or some other period of time-</div> <br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">What is your rent and what period does it cover?</span></div><br /><div class="i2">$(Nearest dollar)_____.00 per(Week, year, etc.) ____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US60A029 US60A030"><span class="em">Answer questions H41 to H46 if you pay rent for your house, apartment, or flat. </span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US60A029 US60A030">[PH-3; see also H16] <br /><span class="em">H41</span>. If you pay your rent by the month - <br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">What is your monthly rent?</span></div><br /><div class="i2">$(Nearest dollar )_____.00</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">or</div> <br /><br /><div class="i1">If you pay your rent by the week or some other period of time -</div><br /><div class="i2"><span class="em">What is your rent and what period does it cover? </span></div><br /><div class="i3">$(Nearest dollar)_____.00 per(Week, year, etc.)_____</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Renter-occupied units that rented for cash rent; excluding units on farms with less than 10 acres, multiple-unit dwellings on farms; and group quarters [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 1-19 025 20-29 035 30 -39 045 40 -49 055 50 -59 065 60 -69 075 70 -79 090 80 -99 110 100 -119 135 120 -149 175 150 -199 200 200 This variable indicates the amount of the household's monthly contract rent payment. IPUMS Monthly gross rent <svar a="all" v="US60A029 US60A030"><span class="em">Renters please answer this question. </span><br />[PH-4; see also H41.] <br /><span class="em">H16. -</span> If you pay your rent by the month <br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">What is your monthly rent?</span> <br /><br /><div class="i2">$(Nearest dollar)_____.00</div></div><br /><br /><div class="i1">or</div> <br /><br /><div class="i1">If you pay rent by the week or some other period of time-</div> <br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">What is your rent and what period does it cover?</span></div><br /><div class="i2">$(Nearest dollar)_____.00 per(Week, year, etc.) ____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US60A029 US60A030"><span class="em">Answer questions H41 to H46 if you pay rent for your house, apartment, or flat. </span><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US60A029 US60A030">[PH-3; see also H16] <br /><span class="em">H41</span>. If you pay your rent by the month - <br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">What is your monthly rent?</span></div><br /><div class="i2">$(Nearest dollar )_____.00</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">or</div> <br /><br /><div class="i1">If you pay your rent by the week or some other period of time -</div><br /><div class="i2"><span class="em">What is your rent and what period does it cover? </span></div><br /><div class="i3">$(Nearest dollar)_____.00 per(Week, year, etc.)_____</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Renter-occupied units rented for cash; not units on farms with less than 10 acres, not multiple-unit dwellings on farms; not group quarters [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 1-19 025 20 -29 035 30 -39 045 40 -49 055 50 -59 065 60 -69 075 70 -79 090 80 -99 110 100 -119 135 120 -149 175 150 -199 200 200 This variable indicates the gross monthly rental cost of the housing unit, which includes contract rent plus additional costs for utilities (water, electricity, gas) and fuels (oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.) IPUMS Total family income United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the primary household's total, pre-tax money income from all sources for the previous calendar year. US60A032 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes-9900 = loss of 9900 or more. 0 = no income. 25000 = 25000+. 99999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,900. Top codes:Topcode is $25,000. IPUMS Access to unit <svar a="all" v="US60A034">[All. Only on FOSDIC form; filled in by enumerator, not respondent] <br /><span class="em">H4. Access </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Direct from outside or common hall <br />[] Through another unit</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Direct access 2 Indirect access This variable indicates the nature of the entrance into the dwelling (direct or indirect access.) IPUMS Kitchen or cooking facilities <svar a="all" v="US60A035">[All]<br /><span class="em">H5. Do you have a kitchen or cooking equipment :</span> (Check one) <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] For use of the people in your household only (those you listed in Section A)?<br />[] Shared with another household or no cooking equipment?</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, or shared use 2 Yes, exclusive use This variable indicates whether the dwelling has kitchen or cooking facilities. For 1960, "kitchen facilities" means: 1) a room used primarily for cooking and food preparation; or 2) equipment intended or regularly used to cook food; or 3) both. In 1960, households that shared a kitchen were coded the same as those without any kitchen facilities (i.e., a "no" response). IPUMS Number of rooms <svar a="all" v="US60A036">[All] <br /><span class="em">H8. How many rooms are in your house or apartment? </span>(Count a kitchen as a room but do not count bathrooms) <br /><br /><div class="i1">_____ Number of rooms</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 room 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 + This variable indicates the number of whole rooms used for living purposes that are contained in the dwelling. IPUMS Plumbing facilities United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Lacking only hot water 2 Lacking other or all plumbing facilities 3 With complete plumbing This variable indicates whether or not a dwelling contained complete or partial plumbing facilities. IPUMS Hot and cold piped water <svar a="all" v="US60A038">[All] <br /><span class="em">H9. Is there hot and cold running water in this house or building?</span>(Check one) <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Hot and cold running water inside the house or building <br />[] Only cold running water inside <br />[] Running water on property but not inside building <br />[] No running water</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No piped water 2 Cold piped water only 3 Hot and cold piped water This variable indicates whether hot and/or cold piped water was available to the occupants of the dwelling. IPUMS Bathtub or shower <svar a="all" v="US60A039">[All] <br /><span class="em">H11. Is there a bathtub or shower in this house or building?</span>(Check one) <br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, for the use of this household only <br />[] Yes, but shared with another household <br />[] No bathtub or shower for the use of this household</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, no bathtub or shower 2 Yes, exclusive use 3 Yes, shared use This variable indicates whether the housing unit provided access to a permanently-installed bath and/or shower. The bath or shower had to be located within the structure and did not have to provide hot water. Portable facilities did not count. The variable also indicates whether the bath/shower was shared with the occupants of other housing units in the building. IPUMS Flush toilet <svar a="all" v="US60A040">[All] <br /><span class="em">H10. Is there a flush toilet in this house or building?</span> (Check one) <br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, for the use of this household only <br />[] Yes, but shared with another household <br />[] No flush toilet for the use of this household</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, no indoor flush toilet 2 Yes, exclusive use 3 Yes, shared use This variable indicates the presence of a flush toilet within the structure that was available to the members of the household. Portable and outdoor toilets did not count. The variable also indicates whether the flush toilet was shared with occupants of other housing units in the same building. IPUMS Basement <svar a="all" v="US60A041">[20%] <br /><span class="em">H33. Is this house built: </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] with a basement? <br />[] on a concrete slab? <br />[] in another way?</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 80 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 With a basement 2 On a concrete slab 3 Built in another way, including mobile homes and trailers This variable indicates dwelling by foundation type. The 1960 form provided three options: "with a basement," "on a concrete slab," or "in another way." IPUMS Age of structure <span class="em">H20. About when was this house originally built? </span><div class="i1">[] In 1959 or 1960 <br />[] 1955 to 1958 <br />[] 1950 to 1954 <br />[] 1940 to 1949 <br />[] 1930 to 1939 <br />[] 1929 or earlier</div> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 0 -1 year old 2 2-5 3 6-10 4 11-20 5 21 -30 6 31+ This variable indicates the estimated age of the structure, in years. IPUMS Condition of housing <svar a="all" v="US60A043">[All. Only on FOSDIC form; filled in by enumerator, not respondent] <br /><span class="em">H6. Condition [of housing] </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Sound <br />[] Deteriorating <br />[] Dilapidated</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Sound 2 Deteriorating 3 Dilapidated This variable indicates the condition of the dwelling based on the enumerator's observation. The census instructions offered no specific guidelines for assessing housing quality. IPUMS Units in structure <svar a="all" v="US60A045">[20% - filled in by enumerator, not respondent] <br /><span class="em">H29. Number of units in structure </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 1, detached <br />[] 1, attached <br />[] 2 <br />[] 3-4 <br />[] 5-9 <br />[] 10-19 <br />[] 20-49 <br />[] 50 or more</div><br /><br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">If 5 or more, fill items H20, H21, H22A, and H22C in Questionnaire.</span></div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 80 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Mobile home or trailer 03 1 -family house, detached 04 1 -family house, attached 05 2 -family building 06 3 -4 family building 07 5 -9 family building 08 10 -19 family building 09 20 -49 family building 10 50 family building This variable indicates the number of dwellings (both occupied and vacant) in the structure containing the household. Stores and office space in the same building are not included in the count. Detached one-unit structures have open spaces on all four sides, or are joined to only sheds or garages. Attached one-unit structures are joined to another house or building by a dividing wall that goes from ground to roof. IPUMS Source of water <svar a="all" v="US60A046">[PH-3, 20%] <br /><span class="em">H31. Do you get water from: </span><br /><div class="i1">[] a public system (or private company)? <br />[] an individual well? <br />[] some other source?</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters, not in cities with 50,000+ residents; 80 percent of cases [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 Public system or private company 2 Individual well 5 Other source This variable indicates the source of the dwelling's water supply and whether the unit supplied its own water via an individual well or was attached to a larger public or private system. A "public system" or "private company" is any public or private system or well serving 6 or more units. An "individual well" serves 5 or fewer units and may be located on either the unit's property or an adjacent property. "Other source" includes water from springs, creeks, rivers, or cisterns. IPUMS Sewage disposal <svar a="all" v="US60A047">[PH-3, 20%] <br /><span class="em">H32. Is this house connected to a public sewer? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, connected to a public sewer <br />[] No, has septic tank or cesspool <br />[] No, has other means of sewage of disposal</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters, not in cities with 50,000+ residents; 80 percent of cases outside large cities [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 Public sewer 2 Septic tank or cesspool 3 Other means This variable indicates the dwelling's method of sewage disposal. IPUMS Number of bathrooms <svar a="all" v="US60A048">[20%] <br /><span class="em">H30. How many bathrooms are in your house or apartment?</span> <br /><br /><div class="i1">A <span class="em">complete</span> bathroom has <span class="em">both</span> flush toilet and bathing facilities (bathtub or shower). <br /><br />A <span class="em">partial</span> bathroom has a flush toilet <span class="em">or</span> bathing facilities, but not bath.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] No bathroom, or only a partial bathroom <br />[] 1 complete bathroom <br />[] 1 complete bathroom, plus partial bathroom(s) <br />[] 2 or more complete bathrooms</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 80 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 0 or 1 /2 bath 2 1 complete bathroom 3 1 complete bathroom plus 1 /2 bath(s) 4 2 complete bathrooms This variable indicates the number of complete and partial bathrooms within the dwelling. Under the 1960 definition, a "complete" bathroom had both a flush toilet and a bathtub or shower. IPUMS Number of bedrooms <span class="em">H19. How many bedrooms are in your house or apartment? </span><div class="i1">Count rooms whose main use is as bedrooms even if they are occasionally used for other purposes. If you live in a one-room apartment without a separate bedroom, check "No bedroom."</div><div class="i2">[] No bedroom <br />[] 1 bedroom <br />[] 2 bedrooms <br />[] 3 bedrooms <br />[] 4 bedrooms or more</div> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 20 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No bedrooms 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 This variable indicates the number of bedrooms within the dwelling. IPUMS Stories in structure <svar a="all" v="US60A050 US60A051">[PH-4, 20%] <br /><span class="em">H34. Does this building have: </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 3 stories or less? <br />4 stories or more-</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] with elevator? <br />[] walk-up?</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters, only in cities with 50,000+ residents; 80 percent of cases [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 -3 stories 2 4 This variable indicates the number of floors in the building containing the responding housing unit (does not include basements). IPUMS Elevator in structure <svar a="all" v="US60A050 US60A051">[PH-4, 20%] <br /><span class="em">H34. Does this building have: </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 3 stories or less? <br />4 stories or more-</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] with elevator? <br />[] walk-up?</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters, only buildings with 4+ stories and only in cities with 50,000+ residents; 80 percent of cases in large cities [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, no elevator 2 Yes, elevator This variable indicates whether housing units in structures of 4 or more stories had access to a passenger elevator. IPUMS Telephone availability <svar a="all" v="US60A052">[All] <br /><span class="em">H35. Is there a telephone on which people who live here can be called? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes. What is the telephone number? _____ <br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, no phone available 2 Yes, phone available This variable indicates whether residents of the housing unit had telephone access. IPUMS Television set <svar a="all" v="US60A053">[5%] <br /><span class="em">H25. Do you have any television sets? </span><br /><div class="i1">Count only sets in working order. Count floor, table, and portable television sets as well as combinations.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 set <br />[] 2 sets or more <br />[] No television sets</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 20 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No TV 2 1 3 2 This variable indicates the number of televisions in the housing unit (none, one, or two or more). Any type of TV counted, as long as it worked. IPUMS Radio <svar a="all" v="US60A054">[5%] <br /><span class="em">H26. Do you have any radios?</span> <br /><div class="i1">Count only sets in working order. Count floor, table, and portable radios as well as radio combinations. Do not count automobile radios.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 radio <br />[] 2 radios or more <br />[] No radios</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 20 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No radio 2 1 3 2 This variable indicates whether a housing unit included any radios. IPUMS Clothes washing machine <span class="em">H23. Do you have a clothes washing machine?</span> </p> <div class="i1">Do not count machines shared with any other household in this building.</div><p> </p> <div class="i2">[] Machine with wringer or separate spinner <br />[] Automatic or semi-automatic machine <br />[] Washer-dryer combination (single unit) <br />[] No washing machine </div> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 20 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No clothes washing machine 2 Automatic, semi-automatic, or washer-dryer 3 Wringer or separate spinner This variable indicates the presence and type of clothes-washing machine in the housing unit. IPUMS Clothes dryer <svar a="all" v="US60A056">[5%] <br /><span class="em">H24. Do you have an electric or gas clothes dryer? </span><br /><div class="i1">Do not count dryers shared with any other household in this building.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Electrically heated dryer <br />[] Gas heated dryer <br />[] No dryer</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 20 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No clothes dryer 2 Electrically-heated dryer 3 Gas-heated dryer This variable indicates whether the housing unit contained a clothes-drying machine, and whether the dryer's heat source was electricity or gas. IPUMS Home food freezer <svar a="all" v="US60A057">[5%] <br /><span class="em">H28. Do you have a home food freezer which is separate from your refrigerator?</span> <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 20 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No separate freezer 2 1 or more This variable indicates whether the housing unit contained a home food freezer separate from the refrigerator. IPUMS Air conditioning <svar a="all" v="US60A058">[5%] <br /><span class="em">H27. Do you have any air conditioning? </span><br /><div class="i1">Count only equipment which cools the air by refrigeration.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Room unit - 1 only <br />[] Room units - 2 or more <br />[] Central air conditioning system <br />[] No air conditioning</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 20 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No air conditioning 2 1 one-room unit 3 2 one-room units 4 Central system This variable indicates the presence and type of air conditioning in the housing unit. IPUMS Heating equipment <svar a="all" v="US60A059">[All] <br /><span class="em">H21. How is your house or apartment heated? </span><br /><div class="i1">Check only the kind of heat you use the most.</div> <br /><br /><div class="i1">Heated by:</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Steam or hot water <br />[] Warm air furnace with individual room registers <br />[] Floor, wall, or pipeless furnace <br />[] Built-in electric units <br />[] Room heater(s) connected to chimney or flue <br />[] Room heater(s) not connected to chimney or flue <br />[] Other method - Write in: <br />_____</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Not heated</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not heated 2 Steam or hot-water system 3 Central warm-air furnace 4 Built-in electric unit 5 Floor, wall, or pipeless furnace 6 All other, with flue 7 All other, without flue This variable indicates the principle means by which the housing unit was heated. IPUMS Home heating fuel <span class="em">H22.</span> Here is a list of fuels. In the first column, check which one is used most for heating. In the second column, check the one used most for <span class="em">cooking</span>. In the third column, check the fuel used most for <span class="em">heating water</span>. Check one in each column) United States 1960: Not group quarters; only answered by 20 percent of cases [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No fuel used 2 Utility gas from underground pipes serving neighborhood 3 Bottled, tank, or liquefied petroleum gas 4 Electricity 5 Fuel oil, kerosene, other liquid fuels 6 Coal or coke 7 Wood 9 Other This variable indicates the primary fuel or energy source used to heat the housing unit. Respondents living in unheated units were to respond "no fuel used." IPUMS Automobiles available <svar a="all" v="US60A063">[PH-3, 5%, or PH-4, 20%] <br /><span class="em">H36. How many passenger automobiles are owned or regularly used by people who live here? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Count company cars kept at home <br />[] No automobile <br />[] 1 automobile <br />[] 2 automobiles <br />[] 3 automobiles or more</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Not group quarters; 80 percent of cases in cities of 50,000+, 20 percent of cases in other areas [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No automobile 2 1 3 2 4 3 This variable indicates the number of automobiles owned or used regularly by any household member. It includes company cars kept at home and available for personal use. IPUMS Number of families in household United States 1960: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 This variable indicates the number of families within each unit. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and her servant contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multiple-generation extended family with no boarders, lodgers, or servants counts as a single family. IPUMS Number of married couples in household United States 1960: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 This variable indicatese the number of married couples within each unit. IPUMS Number of mothers in household United States 1960: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 This variable indicates the number of women within each unit who are identified as residing with their children. IPUMS Number of fathers in household United States 1960: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 This variable indicates the number of men within each unit who are identified as residing with their children. IPUMS Flag for total family income United States 1960: All households Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable indicates a flag for total family income. IPUMS Person number PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1" for the first person record of each household). When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person in the IPUMS-International database. PERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Person weight PERWT indicates the number of persons in the actual population represented by the person in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), PERWT must be used to yield accurate statistics for the population. NOTE: PERWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Mother's location in household MOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers. The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of MOMLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of MOMLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPMOM is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict MOMLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, MOMLOC should be reset to zero when STEPMOM is greater than zero. MOMLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No mother of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's mother IPUMS Father's location in household POPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers. The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of POPLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of POPLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPPOP is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict POPLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, POPLOC should be reset to zero when STEPPOP is greater than zero. POPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No father of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's father IPUMS Spouse's location in household SPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses. The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE. The general design of SPLOC and other constructed variables is modeled on the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships", but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of SPLOC, see the Comparability section of SPRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. SPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No spouse of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's spouse IPUMS Rule for linking parent 00 No parent of person in household 11 Link to head or spouse, unambiguous 12 Link to head or spouse, ambiguous 21 Child-Grandchild, within empirical child cap 22 Child-Grandchild, within constructed child cap 23 Child-Grandchild, exceeds child cap 31 Specified Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 32 Specified Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 33 Specified Other Relatives, exceeds child cap 41 Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 42 Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 51 Non-Relatives, within empirical child cap 52 Non-Relatives, within constructed child cap PARRULE describes the criteria by which the IPUMS International variables MOMLOC and POPLOC linked the person to a probable mother and/or father. IPUMS International establishes child-parent links according to five basic rules, and PARRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A link to any parent automatically generates a second link to that parent's spouse or partner, so only one rule is needed to describe both MOMLOC and POPLOC. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Rule for linking spouse 00 No spouse present 01 Rule 1: strong relationship pairing, couple adjacent 02 Rule 2: strong relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 03 Rule 3: weak relationship pairing, couple adjacent 04 Rule 4: weak relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 05 Rule 5: weak consensual union pairings 06 Rule 6: sample-specific rules (usually child-to-child) SPRULE explains the criteria by which the IPUMS-International variable SPLOC linked the person to his/her probable spouse. IPUMS International establishes spouse-spouse links according to five basic rules, and SPRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A sixth rule identifies sample-specific linking procedures only imposed in selected instances. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Probable stepmother Biological mother or no mother present 1 Mother has no children born or surviving 2 Child reports mother is deceased 3 Explicitly identified step relationship 4 Mother reports no children in the home 5 Age difference implausible 6 Child exceeds known fertility of mother STEPMOM indicates whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOM explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPMOM are as follows: 0 = Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household. 1 = Mother has no children born or surviving. 2 = Child reports mother is deceased. 3 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner, stepchild/child-in-law). 4 = Mother reports no children in the home. 5 = Age difference between mother and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. 6 = Child exceeds known fertility of mother. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepmother is met, STEPMOM will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPMOM will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Probable stepfather Biological father or no father present 1 Child reports father is deceased 2 Explicitly identified step relationship 3 Age difference implausible 4 Spouse of mother 5 Identified as adopted 6 Surname difference -- male child or never-married female STEPPOP indicates whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOP explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPPOP are as follows: 0 = Biological father or no father of this person present in household. 1 = Child reports father is deceased. 2 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner; stepchild/child-in-law). 3 = Age difference between father and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepfather is met, STEPPOP will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPPOP will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Man with more than one wife linked No more than one wife linked via SPLOC 1 More than one wife linked via SPLOC POLYMAL indicates if a man had more than one wife linked to him in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The point of POLYMAL is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Woman is second or higher order wife Person is not the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC 1 Person is the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC POLY2ND indicates if a woman was the second or higher order wife linked to a husband in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The variable does not suggest the actual marital order of wives, only their relative positions in the person order of the household as it was enumerated. The point of POLY2ND is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Family unit membership FAMUNIT is a constructed variable indicating to which family within the household a person belongs. All persons related to the household head receive a 1 (see RELATE). Each secondary family or secondary individual receives a higher code. For purposes of FAMUNIT, secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). FAMUNIT is a 4-digit numeric variable. CodesIf there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on. IPUMS Number of own family members in household 0001 1 family member present 0002 2 family members present 0003 3 family members present 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0057 57 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0072 72 0073 73 0074 74 0075 75 0076 76 0077 77 0078 78 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0090 90 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0097 97 0098 98 0099 99 or more persons FAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage as indicated by the census forms or inferred from them. FAMSIZE is calculated from the units identified in the IPUMS constructed variable FAMUNIT (family unit membership). The primary family is defined as all persons related to the head in the RELATE variable. Secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). IPUMS Number of own children in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more children in household NCHILD provides a count of the person's own children living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more own children under age 5 in household 98 One or more children have unknown age NCHLT5 provides a count of the person's own children under age five living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household ELDCH gives the age of the person's oldest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. ELDCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household YNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. YNGCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Relationship to household head [general version] 1 Head 2 Spouse/partner 3 Child 4 Other relative 5 Non-relative 6 Other relative or non-relative 9 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Relationship to household head [detailed version] 1000 Head 2000 Spouse/partner 2100 Spouse 2200 Unmarried partner 2210 Civil union 2300 Same-sex spouse/partner 3000 Child 3100 Biological child 3200 Adopted child 3300 Stepchild 3400 Child/child-in-law 3500 Child/child-in-law/grandchild 3600 Child of unmarried partner 4000 Other relative 4100 Grandchild 4110 Grandchild or great grandchild 4120 Great grandchild 4130 Great-great grandchild 4200 Parent/parent-in-law 4210 Parent 4211 Stepparent 4220 Parent-in-law 4300 Child-in-law 4301 Daughter-in-law 4302 Spouse/partner of child 4310 Unmarried partner of child 4400 Sibling/sibling-in-law 4410 Sibling 4420 Stepsibling 4430 Sibling-in-law 4431 Sibling of spouse/partner 4432 Spouse/partner of sibling 4500 Grandparent 4510 Great grandparent 4600 Parent/grandparent/ascendant 4700 Aunt/uncle 4800 Other specified relative 4810 Nephew/niece 4820 Cousin 4830 Sibling's sibling-in-law 4900 Other relative, not elsewhere classified 4910 Other relative with same family name 4920 Other relative with different family name 4930 Other relative, not specified (secondary family) 5000 Non-relative 5100 Friend/guest/visitor/partner 5110 Partner/friend 5111 Friend 5112 Partner/roommate 5113 Housemate/roommate 5120 Visitor 5130 Ex-spouse 5140 Godparent 5150 Godchild 5200 Employee 5210 Domestic employee 5220 Relative of employee, n.s. 5221 Spouse of servant 5222 Child of servant 5223 Other relative of servant 5300 Roomer/boarder/lodger/foster child 5310 Boarder 5311 Boarder or guest 5320 Lodger 5330 Foster child 5340 Tutored/foster child 5350 Tutored child 5400 Employee, boarder, or guest 5500 Other specified non-relative 5510 Agregado 5520 Temporary resident, guest 5600 Group quarters 5610 Group quarters, non-inmates 5620 Institutional inmates 5900 Non-relative, n.e.c. 6000 Other relative or non-relative 9999 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Age 000 Less than 1 year 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100+ 999 Not reported/missing AGE gives age in years as of the person's last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration. IPUMS Age, grouped into intervals 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 0 to 5 06 6 to 10 07 10 to 15 08 11 to 14 09 15 to 17 10 16 to 19 11 18 to 24 12 20 to 24 13 25 to 29 14 30 to 34 15 35 to 39 16 40 to 44 17 45 to 49 18 50 to 54 19 55 to 59 20 60 to 64 21 65 to 69 22 70 to 74 23 75 to 79 24 80 to 84 25 85+ 98 Unknown AGE2 gives computed years of age grouped into intervals. IPUMS Sex 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown SEX reports the sex (gender) of the respondent. IPUMS Marital status [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Single/never married 2 Married/in union 3 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 4 Widowed 9 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Marital status [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Single/never married 110 Engaged 111 Never married and never cohabited 200 Married or consensual union 210 Married, formally 211 Married, civil 212 Married, religious 213 Married, civil and religious 214 Married, civil or religious 215 Married, traditional/customary 216 Married, monogamous 217 Married, polygamous 219 Married, spouse absent (historical samples) 220 Consensual union 300 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 310 Separated or divorced 320 Separated or annulled 330 Separated 331 Separated legally 332 Separated de facto 333 Separated from marriage 334 Separated from consensual union 335 Separated from consensual union or marriage 340 Annulled 350 Divorced 400 Widowed 410 Widowed or divorced 411 Widowed from consensual union or marriage 412 Widowed from marriage 413 Widowed from consensual union 420 Widowed, divorced, or separated 999 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Age at first marriage or union 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 10 or younger 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 Unknown AGEMARR indicates the person's age at first marriage or consensual union. IPUMS Number of marriages or unions NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8+ 9 Unknown MARRNUM records the number of marital unions the respondent has ever been in. IPUMS Children ever born 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) CHBORN reports the number of children ever born to each woman of whom the question was asked. In most samples, women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the child was still living. IPUMS Nativity status NIU (not in universe) 1 Native-born 2 Foreign-born 9 Unknown/missing NATIVITY indicates whether the person was native-born or foreign-born. IPUMS Country of birth 00000 NIU (not in universe) 10000 Africa 11000 Eastern Africa 11005 British Indian Ocean Territory 11010 Burundi 11020 Comoros 11030 Djibouti 11040 Eritrea 11050 Ethiopia 11051 Ethiopia (including Eritrea) 11060 Kenya 11070 Madagascar 11080 Malawi 11090 Mauritius 11100 Mozambique 11110 Reunion 11120 Rwanda 11130 Seychelles 11140 Somalia 11150 South Sudan 11160 Uganda 11170 Tanzania 11180 Zambia 11190 Zimbabwe 11999 Eastern Africa, other or n.s. 12000 Middle Africa 12010 Angola 12020 Cameroon 12030 Central African Republic 12040 Chad 12050 Congo (Republic of) 12060 Democratic Republic of Congo 12070 Equatorial Guinea 12080 Gabon 12090 Sao Tome and Principe 12999 Middle Africa, other or n.s. 13000 Northern Africa 13010 Algeria 13011 Algeria/Tunisia 13020 Egypt 13021 Egypt/Sudan 13030 Libya 13040 Morocco 13050 Sudan 13060 Tunisia 13070 Western Sahara 13999 Northern Africa, other or n.s. 14000 Southern Africa 14010 Botswana 14020 Lesotho 14030 Namibia 14040 South Africa 14050 Swaziland 14999 Southern Africa, other or n.s. 15000 Western Africa 15010 Benin 15020 Burkina Faso 15021 Upper Volta 15030 Cape Verde 15040 Ivory Coast 15050 Gambia 15060 Ghana 15070 Guinea 15080 Guinea-Bissau 15081 Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde 15090 Liberia 15100 Mali 15110 Mauritania 15120 Niger 15130 Nigeria 15140 St. Helena and Ascension 15150 Senegal 15160 Sierra Leone 15170 Togo 15180 Canary Islands 15999 West Africa, other or n.s. 19999 Africa, other or n.s. 20000 Americas 21000 Caribbean 21010 Anguilla 21020 Antigua-Barbuda 21030 Aruba 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21060 British Virgin Islands 21070 Cayman Isles 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21100 Dominican Republic 21110 Grenada 21120 Guadeloupe 21130 Haiti 21140 Jamaica 21150 Martinique 21160 Montserrat 21170 Netherlands Antilles 21180 Puerto Rico 21190 St. Kitts-Nevis 21200 St. Croix 21210 St. John 21220 St. Lucia 21230 St Thomas 21240 St. Vincent 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21260 Turks and Caicos 21270 U.S. Virgin Islands 21991 Caribbean commonwealth, n.s. 21999 Caribbean, other or n.s. 22000 Central America 22010 Belize/British Honduras 22020 Costa Rica 22030 El Salvador 22040 Guatemala 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 22080 Panama 22081 Panama Canal Zone 22999 Central America, other or n.s. 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23020 Bolivia 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23050 Colombia 23060 Ecuador 23070 Falkland Islands 23080 French Guiana 23090 Guyana/British Guiana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 23999 South America, other or n.s. 24000 North America 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24030 Greenland 24040 United States 24999 North America, other or n.s. 29999 Americas, other or n.s. 30000 Asia 31000 Eastern Asia 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31012 Macau 31013 Taiwan 31020 Japan 31030 Korea 31031 Korea, DPR (North) 31032 Korea, RO (South) 31040 Mongolia 31999 Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 32000 South-Central Asia 32010 Afghanistan 32020 Bangladesh 32030 Bhutan 32040 India 32041 India/Pakistan 32042 India/Pakistan/Bangladesh/Sri Lanka 32050 Iran 32060 Kazakhstan 32070 Kyrgyzstan 32080 Maldives 32090 Nepal 32100 Pakistan 32101 Pakistan/Bangladesh 32110 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 32120 Tajikistan 32130 Turkmenistan 32140 Uzbekistan 32999 South-Central Asia, other or n.s. 33000 South-Eastern Asia 33010 Brunei 33020 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 33030 East Timor 33040 Indonesia 33050 Laos 33060 Malaysia 33070 Myanmar (Burma) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 33110 Vietnam 33999 South-Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 34000 Western Asia 34010 Armenia 34020 Azerbaijan 34030 Bahrain 34040 Cyprus 34050 Georgia 34051 Abkhazia 34052 South Ossetia 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34071 Israel/Palestine 34080 Jordan 34090 Kuwait 34100 Lebanon 34110 Palestine 34111 West Bank 34112 Gaza Strip 34120 Oman 34130 Qatar 34140 Saudi Arabia 34150 Syria 34151 Syria/Lebanon 34160 Turkey 34170 United Arab Emirates 34180 Yemen 34991 Middle East 34999 Western Asia, other or n.s. 39999 Asia, other or n.s. 40000 Europe 41000 Eastern Europe 41010 Belarus 41020 Bulgaria 41021 Bulgaria/Greece 41030 Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41060 Moldova 41070 Romania 41080 Russia/USSR 41090 Slovakia 41100 Ukraine 41991 Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia 41992 Central-Eastern Europe 41999 Eastern Europe, other or n.s. 42000 Northern Europe 42010 Denmark 42020 Estonia 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42050 Iceland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42080 Lithuania 42090 Norway 42100 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands 42110 Sweden 42120 United Kingdom 42999 Northern Europe, other or n.s. 43000 Southern Europe 43010 Albania 43020 Andorra 43030 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43040 Croatia 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43071 Vatican City 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43100 San Marino 43110 Slovenia 43120 Spain 43121 Spain/Portugal 43130 Macedonia 43140 Yugoslavia 43141 Montenegro 43142 Serbia 43143 Kosovo 43144 Serbia and Montenegro 43991 Gibraltar/Malta 43992 Portugal/Greece 43993 Italy, Holy See, San Marino 43999 Southern Europe, other or n.s. 44000 Western Europe 44010 Austria 44020 Belgium 44021 Belgium/Luxemburg 44022 Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg 44030 France 44040 Germany 44042 West Germany 44043 Germany/Austria 44044 Mecklenburg-Schwerin 44050 Liechtenstein 44060 Luxembourg 44070 Monaco 44080 Netherlands 44090 Switzerland 44991 Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands 44999 Western Europe, other or n.s. 49992 European Union 49993 European Union (original 15) 49994 Other European Union (not original 15) 49999 Europe, other or n.s. 50000 Oceania 51000 Australia and New Zealand 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51030 Norfolk Islands 51999 Australia and New Zealand, n.s. 52000 Melanesia 52010 Fiji 52020 New Caledonia 52030 Papua New Guinea 52040 Solomon Islands 52050 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 52999 Melanesia, n.s. 53000 Micronesia 53010 Kiribati 53020 Marshall Islands 53030 Nauru 53040 Northern Mariana Isls. 53050 Palau 53060 Federated States of Micronesia 53999 Micronesia, other or n.s. 54000 Polynesia 54010 Cook Islands 54020 French Polynesia 54030 Niue 54040 Pitcairn Island 54050 Western Samoa 54060 Eastern Samoa 54070 Tokelau 54080 Tonga 54090 Tuvalu 54100 Wallis and Futuna Isls. 54999 Polynesia, other or n.s. 55000 U.S. Pacific Possessions 55010 American Samoa 55020 Baker Island 55030 Guam 55040 Howland Island 55050 Johnston Atoll 55060 Kingman Reef 55070 Midway Islands 55080 Wake Island 55999 US Pacific, other or n.s. 59999 Oceania, other or n.s. 80000 AT SEA 90000 Other countries n.s. 99999 Unknown BPLCOUNTRY indicates the person's country of birth. IPUMS State of birth, United States 01 Alabama 02 Alaska 04 Arizona 05 Arkansas 06 California 08 Colorado 09 Connecticut 10 Delaware 11 District of Columbia 12 Florida 13 Georgia 15 Hawaii 16 Idaho 17 Illinois 18 Indiana 19 Iowa 20 Kansas 21 Kentucky 22 Louisiana 23 Maine 24 Maryland 25 Massachusetts 26 Michigan 27 Minnesota 28 Mississippi 29 Missouri 30 Montana 31 Nebraska 32 Nevada 33 New Hampshire 34 New Jersey 35 New Mexico 36 New York 37 North Carolina 38 North Dakota 39 Ohio 40 Oklahoma 41 Oregon 42 Pennsylvania 44 Rhode Island 45 South Carolina 46 South Dakota 47 Tennessee 48 Texas 49 Utah 50 Vermont 51 Virginia 53 Washington 54 West Virginia 55 Wisconsin 56 Wyoming 60 United States, n.s. 98 Foreign-born 99 Unknown BPLUS indicates the person's state of birth within the United States. IPUMS Race or color 10 White 20 Black 21 Black African 22 Black Caribbean 23 Afro-Ecuadorian 24 Other Black 30 Indigenous 31 American Indian 32 Latin American Indian 40 Asian 41 Chinese 42 Japanese 43 Korean 44 Vietnamese 45 Filipino 46 Indian 47 Pakistani 48 Bangladeshi 49 Other Asian 50 Mixed race 51 Brown (Brazil) 52 Mestizo (Indigenous and White) 53 Mulatto (Black and White) 54 Coloured (South Africa) 55 Two or more races 60 Other 61 Montubio (Ecuador) 99 Unknown Race identifies the racial group with which a person identified himself or herself, or to which an enumerator assigned them. Determinations of race are based largely on appearance or ancestral place of origin. IPUMS Race, United States 100 White 200 Black 210 Mulatto (1850-1910) 300 American Indian/Alaska Native, not specified 301 Alaskan Athabaskan 302 Aleut 303 Apache 304 Blackfoot 305 Cherokee 306 Cheyenne 307 Chickasaw 308 Chippewa 309 Choctaw 310 Colville 311 Comanche 312 Creek 313 Crow 314 Delaware 315 Eskimo 316 Hopi 317 Houma 318 Inupiat 319 Iroquois 320 Kiowa 321 Lumbee 322 Menominee 323 Navajo 324 Osage 325 Paiute 326 Pima 327 Potawatomi 328 Pueblo 329 Puget Sound Salish 330 Seminole 331 Shoshone 332 Sioux 333 Tlingit (Tlingit-Haida, 2000-2005) 334 Tohono O''Odham 335 Yakama 336 Yaqui 337 Yuman 338 Yup'ik 340 All other tribes 341 AIAN, tribe not specified 342 Other specified Indian tribe (2000-2005) 343 Two or more Indian tribes (2000-2005) 344 Other Alaskan tribe(s) (2000-2005) 345 Both Indian and Alaskan (2000-2005) 346 Tribal responses, n.e.c. 350 Latin American Indian 400 Chinese 410 Taiwanese 420 Chinese and Taiwanese 500 Japanese 600 Filipino 610 Asian Indian 620 Korean 630 Native Hawaiian 631 Asiatic Hawiian 632 Caucasian Hawaiian 640 Vietnamese 641 Bhutanese 642 Mongolian 643 Nepalese 660 Cambodian 661 Hmong 662 Laotian 663 Thai 664 Bangladeshi 665 Burmese 666 Indonesian 667 Malaysian 668 Okinawan 669 Pakistani 670 Sri Lankan 671 All other Asian, n.e.c. 672 Asian, not specified 673 Chinese and Japanese 674 Chinese and Filipino 675 Chinese and Vietnamese 676 Chinese and Asian write-in 677 Japanese and Filipino 678 Asian Indian and Asian write-in 679 Other Asian race combinations 680 Samoan 681 Tahitian 682 Tongan 684 One or more other Polynesian races (2000-2005) 685 Guamanian/Chamorro 686 Northern Mariana Islander 687 Palauan 688 Other Micronesian 689 One or more other Micronesian races (2000-2005) 690 Fijian 691 Other Melanesian 692 One or more Melanesian races (2000-2005) 698 Two or more PI races from multiple regions 699 Pacific Islander (PI), n.s. 700 Other race, n.e.c. 800 Two or more races RACEUS identifies the "race" of the respondent in the United States. Race is a social construct, not a scientific or anthropological concept. Many detailed categories consist of national origin groups. IPUMS Member of an indigenous group NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown INDIG indicates whether the person belonged to an indigenous group. IPUMS School attendance NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No, not specified 3 No, attended in the past 4 No, never attended 9 Unknown/missing SCHOOL indicates whether or not the person attended school at the time of the census or within some specified period of time prior to the census. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Less than primary completed 2 Primary completed 3 Secondary completed 4 University completed 9 Unknown EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Less than primary completed (n.s.) 110 No schooling 120 Some primary completed 130 Primary (4 yrs) completed 211 Primary (5 yrs) completed 212 Primary (6 yrs) completed 221 Lower secondary general completed 222 Lower secondary technical completed 311 Secondary, general track completed 312 Some college completed 320 Secondary or post-secondary technical completed 321 Secondary, technical track completed 322 Post-secondary technical education 400 University completed 999 Unknown/missing EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Years of schooling 00 None or pre-school 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years or more 90 Not specified 91 Some primary 92 Some technical after primary 93 Some secondary 94 Some tertiary 95 Adult literacy 96 Special education 98 Unknown/missing 99 NIU (not in universe) YRSCHOOL indicates the highest grade/level of schooling the person had completed, in years. Only formal schooling is counted. YRSCHOOL accounts for the number of years of study, regardless of the track or kind of study. Information on degree and/or technical track is available in EDATTAIN. Years of schooling for Israel, categorized into intervals, are given in YRSCHOOL2. Users should pay close attention to the top-codes in each sample, as discussed in the comparability section. IPUMS Educational attainment, United States 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 None or preschool 101 None 102 Nursery school 103 Kindergarten 200 Grades 1 to 4 201 Grade 1 202 Grade 2 203 Grade 3 204 Grade 4 300 Grades 5 to 8 301 Grade 5 302 Grade 6 303 Grade 7 304 Grade 8 400 Grade 9 500 Grade 10 600 Grade 11 700 Grade 12 701 Grade 12, no diploma 702 High school graduate or equivalency degree 703 High school diploma 704 Graduate equivalency diploma (GED) 800 Post-secondary 810 Post-secondary: years of schooling (1960-1980) 811 1 year of college 812 2 years of college 813 3 years of college 814 4 years of college 815 5 years of college 816 6 years of college (6+ years, 1960-1970) 817 7 years of college 818 8+ years of college (1980) 820 Post-secondary: degree (1990-2010) 821 Some college, no degree 822 Associate degree, occupational 823 Associate degree, academic 824 Associate dregree, type not specified 825 Bachelors degree 826 Masters degree 827 Professional degree 828 Doctorate degree EDUCUS indicates the highest educational level in the United States that the person had completed at the time of the census. IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Employed 2 Unemployed 3 Inactive 9 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Employed, not specified 110 At work 111 At work, and 'student' 112 At work, and 'housework' 113 At work, and 'seeking work' 114 At work, and 'retired' 115 At work, and 'no work' 116 At work, and other situation 117 At work, family holding, not specified 118 At work, family holding, not agricultural 119 At work, family holding, agricultural 120 Have job, not at work in reference period 130 Armed forces 131 Armed forces, at work 132 Armed forces, not at work in reference period 133 Military trainee 140 Marginally employed 200 Unemployed, not specified 201 Unemployed 6 or more months 202 Worked fewer than 6 months, permanent job 203 Worked fewer than 6 months, temporary job 210 Unemployed, experienced worker 220 Unemployed, new worker 230 No work available 240 Inactive unemployed 300 Inactive (not in labor force) 310 Housework 320 Unable to work, disabled or health reasons 321 Permanent disability 322 Temporary illness 323 Disabled or imprisoned 330 In school 340 Retirees and living on rent 341 Living on rents 342 Living on rents or pension 343 Retirees/pensioners 344 Retired 345 Pensioner 346 Non-retirement pension 347 Disability pension 348 Retired without benefits 350 Elderly 351 Elderly or disabled 360 Institutionalized 361 Prisoner 370 Intermittent worker 371 Not working, seasonal worker 372 Not working, occasional worker 380 Other income recipient 390 Inactive, other reasons 391 Too young to work 392 Dependent 999 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Labor force participation 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable identifying whether a person participated in the labor force. Labor force participation generally means working or seeking work within a specified reference period. For most samples LABFORCE is a recode of EMPSTAT (employment status). A consistent lower age universe of 15 or older has been applied to increase comparability across samples. Full detail is retained in EMPSTAT, which should be used for any study of child labor. IPUMS Occupation, ISCO general 01 Legislators, senior officials and managers 02 Professionals 03 Technicians and associate professionals 04 Clerks 05 Service workers and shop and market sales 06 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 07 Crafts and related trades workers 08 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 09 Elementary occupations 10 Armed forces 11 Other occupations, unspecified or n.e.c. 97 Response suppressed 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) OCCISCO records the person's primary occupation, coded according to the major categories in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) scheme for 1988. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is typically the one in which the person had spent the most time or earned the most money. IPUMS Occupation, unrecoded OCC records the person's primary occupation, classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is usually the one in which the person spent the most time or earned the most money, although this may not have been explicit in the instructions for a specific census. To ensure confidentiality, very small occupations are recoded to a residual category indicating the persons had an occupation, but the job title is not identified. The number of cases recoded should be too small to affect analyses. OCC is a 4-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 4 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Belarus 1999 - Russian Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1985 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 1976 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981-1991 Canada 2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 Colombia 1973 - Spanish Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d'Ivoire 1988 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Denmark 1845 Denmark 1880 Denmark 1885 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1974 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971-1991 - Greek Greece 2001 - Greek Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 1996 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 1988 Honduras 2001 Hungary 1970-1990 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983-2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2005 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1901 Ireland 1911 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kenya 1989 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Laos 1995 Lesotho 1996 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico Surveys 2005-2020 Mongolia 2000 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970 - Spanish Panama 1980 - Spanish Panama 1990 - Spanish Panama 2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 1990 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 1988 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991 - Portuguese Portugal 2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970 Puerto Rico 1980 Puerto Rico 1990 Puerto Rico 2000-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2002 Senegal 2013 Slovak Republic 1991 Slovak Republic 2001 Slovak Republic 2011 Sierra Leone 2004 Sierra Leone 2015 Slovenia 2002 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001 South Africa 2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970 Switzerland 1980 Switzerland 1990 Switzerland 2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 1988 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1960 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 1991 Uganda 2002 Uganda 2014 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1975 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 Zimbabwe 2012 IPUMS Occupation 1950 basis, U.S. 000 Accountants and auditors 001 Actors and actresses 002 Airplane pilots and navigators 003 Architects 004 Artists and art teachers 005 Athletes 006 Authors 007 Chemists 008 Chiropractors 009 Clergymen 010 College presidents and deans 012 Agricultural sciences 013 Biological sciences 014 Chemistry 015 Economics 016 Engineering 017 Geology and geophysics 018 Mathematics 019 Medical sciences 023 Physics 024 Psychology 025 Statistics 026 Natural science (n.e.c.) 027 Social sciences (n.e.c.) 028 Nonscientific subjects 029 Subject not specified 031 Dancers and dancing teachers 032 Dentists 033 Designers 034 Dieticians and nutritionists 035 Draftsmen 036 Editors and reporters 041 Engineers, aeronautical 042 Engineers, chemical 043 Engineers, civil 044 Engineers, electrical 045 Engineers, industrial 046 Engineers, mechanical 047 Engineers, metallurgical, metallurgists 048 Engineers, mining 049 Engineers (n.e.c.) 051 Entertainers (n.e.c.) 052 Farm and home management advisors 053 Foresters and conservationists 054 Funeral directors and embalmers 055 Lawyers and judges 056 Librarians 057 Musicians and music teachers 058 Nurses, professional 059 Nurses, student professional 061 Agricultural scientists 062 Biological scientists 063 Geologists and geophysicists 067 Mathematicians 068 Physicists 069 Miscellaneous natural scientists 070 Optometrists 071 Osteopaths 072 Personnel and labor relations workers 073 Pharmacists 074 Photographers 075 Physicians and surgeons 076 Radio operators 077 Recreation and group workers 078 Religious workers 079 Social and welfare workers, except group 081 Economists 082 Psychologists 083 Statisticians and actuaries 084 Miscellaneous social scientists 091 Sports instructors and officials 092 Surveyors 093 Teachers (n.e.c.) 094 Technicians, medical and dental 095 Technicians, testing 096 Technicians (n.e.c.) 097 Therapists and healers (n.e.c.) 098 Veterinarians 099 Professional, technical and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 100 Farmers (owners and tenants) 123 Farm managers 200 Buyers and department heads, store 201 Buyers and shippers, farm products 203 Conductors, railroad 204 Credit men 205 Floormen and floor managers, store 210 Inspectors, public administration 230 Managers and superintendents, building 240 Officers, pilots, pursers and engineers, ship 250 Officials and administrators (n.e.c.), public administration 260 Officials, lodge, society, union, etc. 270 Postmasters 280 Purchasing agents and buyers (n.e.c.) 290 Managers, officials, and proprietors (n.e.c.) 300 Agents (n.e.c.) 301 Attendants and assistants, library 302 Attendants, physician's and dentist's office 304 Baggagemen, transportation 305 Bank tellers 310 Bookkeepers 320 Cashiers 321 Collectors, bill and account 322 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 325 Express messengers and railway mail clerks 335 Mail carriers 340 Messengers and office boys 341 Office machine operators 342 Shipping and receiving clerks 350 Stenographers, typists, and secretaries 360 Telegraph messengers 365 Telegraph operators 370 Telephone operators 380 Ticket, station, and express agents 390 Clerical and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 400 Advertising agents and salesmen 410 Auctioneers 420 Demonstrators 430 Hucksters and peddlers 450 Insurance agents and brokers 460 Newsboys 470 Real estate agents and brokers 480 Stock and bond salesmen 490 Salesmen and sales clerks (n.e.c.) 500 Bakers 501 Blacksmiths 502 Bookbinders 503 Boilermakers 504 Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 505 Cabinetmakers 510 Carpenters 511 Cement and concrete finishers 512 Compositors and typesetters 513 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 514 Decorators and window dressers 515 Electricians 520 Electrotypers and stereotypers 521 Engravers, except photoengravers 522 Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators 523 Foremen (n.e.c.) 524 Forgemen and hammermen 525 Furriers 530 Glaziers 531 Heat treaters, annealers, temperers 532 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber 533 Inspectors (n.e.c.) 534 Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths 535 Job setters, metal 540 Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, and power 541 Locomotive engineers 542 Locomotive firemen 543 Loom fixers 544 Machinists 545 Mechanics and repairmen, airplane 550 Mechanics and repairmen, automobile 551 Mechanics and repairmen, office machine 552 Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television 553 Mechanics and repairmen, railroad and car shop 554 Mechanics and repairmen (n.e.c.) 555 Millers, grain, flour, feed, etc. 560 Millwrights 561 Molders, metal 562 Motion picture projectionists 563 Opticians and lens grinders and polishers 564 Painters, construction and maintenance 565 Paperhangers 570 Pattern and model makers, except paper 571 Photoengravers and lithographers 572 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 573 Plasterers 574 Plumbers and pipe fitters 575 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 580 Rollers and roll hands, metal 581 Roofers and slaters 582 Shoemakers and repairers, except factory 583 Stationary engineers 584 Stone cutters and stone carvers 585 Structural metal workers 590 Tailors and tailoresses 591 Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal workers 592 Tool makers, and die makers and setters 593 Upholsterers 594 " 595 Members of the armed services 600 Apprentice auto mechanics 601 Apprentice bricklayers and masons 602 Apprentice carpenters 603 Apprentice electricians 604 Apprentice machinists and toolmakers 605 Apprentice mechanics, except auto 610 Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters 611 Apprentices, building trades (n.e.c.) 612 Apprentices, metalworking trades (n.e.c.) 613 Apprentices, printing trades 614 Apprentices, other specified trades 615 Apprentices, trade not specified 620 Asbestos and insulation workers 621 Attendants, auto service and parking 622 Blasters and powdermen 623 Boatmen, canalmen, and lock keepers 624 Brakemen, railroad 625 Bus drivers 630 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying 631 Conductors, bus and street railway 632 Deliverymen and routemen 633 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 634 Dyers 635 Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal 640 Fruit, nut, and vegetable graders, and packers, except factory 641 Furnacemen, smeltermen and pourers 642 Heaters, metal 643 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives 644 Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing house 645 Milliners 650 Mine operatives and laborers 660 Motormen, mine, factory, logging camp, etc. 661 Motormen, street, subway, and elevated railway 662 Oilers and greaser, except auto 670 Painters, except construction or maintenance 671 Photographic process workers 672 Power station operators 673 Sailors and deck hands 674 Sawyers 675 Spinners, textile 680 Stationary firemen 681 Switchmen, railroad 682 Taxicab drivers and chauffers 683 Truck and tractor drivers 684 Weavers, textile 685 Welders and flame cutters 690 Operative and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 700 Housekeepers, private household 710 Laundressses, private household 720 Private household workers (n.e.c.) 730 Attendants, hospital and other institution 731 Attendants, professional and personal service (n.e.c.) 732 Attendants, recreation and amusement 740 Barbers, beauticians, and manicurists 750 Bartenders 751 Bootblacks 752 Boarding and lodging house keepers 753 Charwomen and cleaners 754 Cooks, except private household 760 Counter and fountain workers 761 Elevator operators 762 Firemen, fire protection 763 Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers 764 Housekeepers and stewards, except private household 770 Janitors and sextons 771 Marshals and constables 772 Midwives 773 Policemen and detectives 780 Porters 781 Practical nurses 782 Sheriffs and bailiffs 783 Ushers, recreation and amusement 784 Waiters and waitresses 785 Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders 790 Service workers, except private household (n.e.c.) 810 Farm foremen 820 Farm laborers, wage workers 830 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 840 Farm service laborers, self-employed 910 Fishermen and oystermen 920 Garage laborers and car washers and greasers 930 Gardeners, except farm, and groundskeepers 940 Longshoremen and stevedores 950 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 960 Teamsters 970 Laborers (n.e.c.) 975 Employed, unclassifiable 980 Keeps house/house work/housewife 981 Imputed keeping house (1860-1880) 982 At home/ helps in home 983 At school 984 Retired 985 Unemployed/ without occupation 986 Invalid/sick/disabled 987 Inmate/prisoner 991 Capitalist/gentleman 995 Other non-occupational response 997 Occupation missing/unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) OCC95US provides a consistent classification of occupation across U.S. samples. Occupation describes the type of (usually market-oriented) work the person performs. Note regarding universe: "New workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time who have not yet secured their first job. IPUMS Industry, general recode 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 Agriculture, fishing, and forestry 020 Mining and extraction 030 Manufacturing 040 Electricity, gas, water and waste management 050 Construction 060 Wholesale and retail trade 070 Hotels and restaurants 080 Transportation, storage, and communications 090 Financial services and insurance 100 Public administration and defense 110 Services, not specified 111 Business services and real estate 112 Education 113 Health and social work 114 Other services 120 Private household services 130 Other industry, n.e.c. 998 Response suppressed 999 Unknown INDGEN recodes the industrial classifications of the various samples into twelve groups that can be fairly consistently identified across all available samples. The groupings roughly conform to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The third digit of INDGEN retains important detail among the service industries that could not be consistently distinguished in all samples. "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which a person worked. IPUMS Industry, unrecoded "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which the person worked. IND is classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time, and is not recoded by IPUMS-International. IND is a 5-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 5 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2001 Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Austria 2011 Bangladesh 1991 Bangladesh 2001 Bangladesh 2011 Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981 Canada 1991-2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 Chile 2017 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 - Spanish Colombia 1973 - Spanish Colombia 1993 - Spanish Colombia 2005 - Spanish Costa Rica 1963 Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d’Ivoire 1988 Cote d’Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 1996 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1966 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1968 - French France 1975-1982 - French France 1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1971 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971 Greece 1981 Greece 1991-2001 Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1971 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 2001 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983 India 1987 India 1993 India 1999 India 2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2000 Indonesia 2005 Indonesia 2010 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2013 Italy Surveys 2014-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 Laos 1995 Laos 2005 Laos 2015 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico surveys 2005-2019 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2006 Nigeria 2007 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970-1980 - Spanish Panama 1990-2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 1995 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991-2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2013 Sierra Leone 2004 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001-2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970-2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 2002 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1985 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 IPUMS Industry 1950 basis, U.S. 000 NIU (not in universe) 105 Agriculture 106 Own farm 116 Forestry 126 Fisheries 136 Hunting 206 Metal mining 216 Coal mining 226 Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction 236 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel 239 Mining, not specified 246 Construction 306 Logging 307 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 308 Miscellaneous wood products 309 Furniture and fixtures 316 Glass and glass products 317 Cement, concrete, gypsum and plaster products 318 Structural clay products 319 Pottery and related products 326 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products 336 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills 337 Other primary iron and steel industries 338 Primary nonferrous industries 346 Fabricated steel products 347 Fabricated nonferrous metal products 348 Not specified metal industries 356 Agricultural machinery and tractors 357 Office and store machines and devices 358 Miscellaneous machinery 367 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies 376 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 377 Aircraft and parts 378 Ship and boat building and repairing 379 Railroad and miscellaneous transportation equipment 386 Professional equipment and supplies 387 Photographic equipment and supplies 388 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devices 399 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 406 Meat products 407 Dairy products 408 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafoods 409 Grain-mill products 416 Bakery products 417 Confectionery and related products 418 Beverage industries 419 Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products 426 Not specified food industries 429 Tobacco manufactures 436 Knitting mills 437 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except knit goods 438 Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings 439 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 446 Miscellaneous textile mill products 448 Apparel and accessories 449 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 456 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 457 Paperboard containers and boxes 458 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 459 Printing, publishing, and allied industries 466 Synthetic fibers 467 Drugs and medicines 468 Paints, varnishes, and related products 469 Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products 476 Petroleum refining 477 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 478 Rubber products 487 Leather: tanned, curried, and finished 488 Footwear, except rubber 489 Leather products, except footwear 499 Not specified manufacturing industries 506 Railroads and railway express service 516 Street railways and bus lines 526 Trucking service 527 Warehousing and storage 536 Taxicab service 546 Water transportation 556 Air transportation 567 Petroleum and gasoline pipe lines 568 Services incidental to transportation 578 Telephone 579 Telegraph 586 Electric light and power 587 Gas and steam supply systems 588 Electric-gas utilities 596 Water supply 597 Sanitary services 598 Other and not specified utilities 606 Motor vehicles and equipment 607 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 608 Dry goods apparel 609 Food and related products 616 Electrical goods, hardware, and plumbing equipment 617 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 618 Petroleum products 619 Farm products--raw materials 626 Miscellaneous wholesale trade 627 Not specified wholesale trade 636 Food stores, except dairy products 637 Dairy products stores and milk retailing 646 General merchandise stores 647 Five and ten cent stores 656 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe 657 Shoe stores 658 Furniture and house furnishing stores 659 Household appliance and radio stores 667 Motor vehicles and accessories retailing 668 Gasoline service stations 669 Drug stores 679 Eating and drinking places 686 Hardware and farm implement stores 687 Lumber and building material retailing 688 Liquor stores 689 Retail florists 696 Jewelry stores 697 Fuel and ice retailing 698 Miscellaneous retail stores 699 Not specified retail trade 716 Banking and credit agencies 726 Security and commodity brokerage and investment companies 736 Insurance 746 Real estate 756 Real estate-insurance-law offices 806 Advertising 807 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 808 Miscellaneous business services 816 Auto repair services and garages 817 Miscellaneous repair services 826 Private households 836 Hotels and lodging places 846 Laundering, cleaning, and dyeing services 847 Dressmaking shops 848 Shoe repair shops 849 Miscellaneous personal services 856 Radio broadcasting and television 857 Theaters and motion pictures 858 Bowling alleys, and billiard and pool parlors 859 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 868 Medical and other health services, except hospitals 869 Hospitals 879 Legal services 888 Educational services 896 Welfare and religious services 897 Nonprofit membership organizations 898 Engineering and architectural services 899 Miscellaneous professional and related services 900 Library, museum, and other related institutions 906 Postal service 916 Federal public administration 926 State public administration 936 Local public administration 946 Public Administration, level not specified 976 Common or General laborer 982 Housework at home 983 School response (students, etc.) 984 Retired 986 Sick or disabled 987 Institution response 991 Lady/Man of leisure 995 Non-industrial response 997 Nonclassifiable 998 Industry not reported IND95US provides a consistent classification of industry across U.S. samples and the 1891 and 1911 censuses of Canada. Industry describes the type of goods or services produced by the place in which a person worked. Note regarding universe: "New workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time who had not yet secured their first job. IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Self-employed 2 Wage/salary worker 3 Unpaid worker 4 Other 9 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Self-employed 101 Self-employed, unincorporated 102 Self-employed, incorporated 110 Employer 111 Sharecropper, employer 120 Working on own account 121 Own account, agriculture 122 Domestic worker, self-employed 123 Subsistence worker, own consumption 124 Own account, other 125 Own account, without temporary/unpaid help 126 Own account, with temporary/unpaid help 130 Member of cooperative 140 Sharecropper 141 Sharecropper, self-employed 142 Sharecropper, employee 150 Kibbutz member 199 Self-employed, not specified 200 Wage/salary worker 201 Management 202 Non-management 203 White collar (non-manual) 204 Blue collar (manual) 205 White or blue collar 206 Day laborer 207 Employee, with a permanent job 208 Employee, occasional, temporary, contract 209 Employee without legal contract 210 Wage/salary worker, private employer 211 Apprentice 212 Religious worker 213 Wage/salary worker, non-profit, NGO 214 White collar, private 215 Blue collar, private 216 Paid family worker 217 Cooperative employee 220 Wage/salary worker, government 221 Federal, government employee 222 State government employee 223 Local government employee 224 White collar, public 225 Blue collar, public 226 Public companies 227 Civil servants, local collectives 230 Domestic worker (work for private household) 240 Seasonal migrant 241 Seasonal migrant, no broker 242 Seasonal migrant, uses broker 250 Other wage and salary 251 Canal zone/commission employee 252 Government employment/training program 253 Mixed state/private enterprise/parastatal 254 Government public work program 255 State enterprise employee 256 Coordinated and continuous collaboration job 300 Unpaid worker 310 Unpaid family worker 320 Apprentice, unpaid or unspecified 330 Trainee 340 Apprentice or trainee 350 Works for others without wage 400 Other 999 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Months worked last year 00 Less than one month 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 12 12 months 98 Not reported/unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) WRKMTHS gives the number of months that the respondent worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Hours worked per week, categorized None 1 1 to 14 hours (except tt1980, tt1990 and tt2000) 2 15 to 29 hours (except de1970, ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 3 30 to 39 hours (except de1970, ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 4 40-48 hours (except il1972, tt1980, tt1990, and tt2000) 5 49 hours or more (except il1972 and tt2000) 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) HRSWORK2 indicates the number of hours the respondent worked per week at all jobs, categorized into intervals. IPUMS Actual hours worked per week, categorized None 1 1 to 14 hours (except tt1980, tt1990, and tt2000) 2 15 to 29 hours (except ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 3 30 to 39 hours (except ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 4 40 to 48 hours (except tt1980, tt1990, and tt2000) 5 49 hours or more (except tt2000) 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) HRSACTUAL2 indicates the actual number of hours the respondent worked per week at all jobs, categorized into intervals. IPUMS Means of transportation to work or school 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 None, does not travel to work or school 20 Walking 21 Walks or bicycle 22 Walks, bicycle, or motorcycle 30 Private vehicle 31 Auto, truck, van 32 Auto (driver) 33 Auto (passenger) 34 Auto, motorcycle, moped 35 Motorcycle, moped, or scooter 36 Bicycle 37 Bicycle or motorcycle/moped 38 Boat 40 Public transportation 41 Bus or trolley bus 42 Bus or streetcar 43 Streetcar or trolley car 44 Railroad or train 45 Subway or elevated train 46 Other public transportation 50 Other 51 Taxicab 52 Ferryboat 53 Special transportation (company coach, school bus, etc.) 54 Hired transport 55 Shared private transport 56 Horse or animal-drawn vehicle 57 Other, not elsewhere classified 60 Combination of several means 99 Unknown/missing TRNWRK identifies the primary or usual means of transportation the person took either to work or school. In censuses in which a person could report multiple modes of transportation, TRNWRK includes only the first response. IPUMS Total income INCTOT reports the person's total personal income from all sources in the previous month or year. INCTOT is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes9999998 = Unknown/missing. 9999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Brazil 1991: 9,999,997+ Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Dominican Republic 1981: 3,000+ Dominican Republic 2002: 500,000+ Indonesia 1976: 600,000+ Mexico 1970: 5,500,000+ Panama 2010: 10,000+ Puerto Rico 1980: 50,000+ South Africa 1996: 360,001+ South Africa 2001-2011: 2,457,601+ Trinidad and Tobago 1970: 1,200+ Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 13,000+ U.S.A. 1960: 25,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 75,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 400,000 U.S.A. 2000: 999,998+ Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 2005-2020: -19,998 U.S.A. 1960: -9,900 U.S.A. 1970: -9,900 U.S.A. 1980: -9,995 U.S.A. 1990, 2005-2020: -19,998 U.S.A. 2000: -20,000 IPUMS Wage and salary income INCWAGE reports the respondent's weekly, monthly or annual wage and salary income. INCWAGE is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes9999998 = Unknown/missing. 9999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Israel 1983: 74,716+ Israel 1995: 20,000+ Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Dominican Republic 1981: 2000+ Germany 1970: 2,500+ Indonesia 1995: 9,999,997+ Italy Surveys 2011-2020: 3000+ Jamaica 1982: 100,000+ Jamaica 1991: 100,000+ Jamaica 2001: 3,000,000+ Panama 1970: 800+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Panama 2010: 10,000+ Puerto Rico 1970-1980: 50,000+ Puerto Rico 1990: 140,000+ Puerto Rico 2000: 175,000+ Puerto Rico 2005: 999,999+ Puerto Rico 2010: 173,000+ Puerto Rico 2015-2020: 99.5th percentile in the state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs.) Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 55,000+ U.S.A. 1960: 25,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 75,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 140,000 U.S.A. 2000: State median of values over 175,000 U.S.A. 2005-2020: 99.5th percentile within each state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs.) IPUMS Migration status, 5 years 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Same major administrative unit 11 Same major, same minor administrative unit 12 Same major, different minor administrative unit 20 Different major administrative unit 30 Abroad 99 Unknown/missing MIGRATE5 indicates the person's place of residence 5 years ago. The first digit records movement across major administrative divisions and countries. The second digit reports movement across minor administrative divisions, for samples in which that detail is available. IPUMS Years residing in current dwelling 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 or more 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) MIGYRS2 indicates the number of years that the respondent has lived in his/her current dwelling. IPUMS Person number in sample unit United States 1960: All persons 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 This variable indicates the numbers all persons within each household consecutively in the order in which they appear on the original census or survey form. IPUMS Person weight United States 1960: All persons 099 99 100 100 This variable indicates how many persons in the U.S. population are represented by a given person in an IPUMS sample. IPUMS Mothers location in the household United States 1960: All persons 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 20 20 21 21 22 22 This variable indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother. IPUMS Probable step/adopted mother United States 1960: All persons No stepmother present 1 Improbable age difference 2 Spouse of father 3 No surviving children 4 Number of children born/children surviving check This variable indicates whether a person's mother was likely to have been the person's stepmother or adoptive mother. IPUMS Rule for linking mother United States 1960: All persons No mother link 1 Unambiguous mother link 2 Daughter/grandchild link 3 Preceding female (no intervening person) 4 Spouse of father becomes stepmother This variable indicates the reason why the IPUMS variable MOMLOC linked the person to a probable mother. The IPUMS establishes mother-child links according to seven basic rules, and MOMRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. IPUMS Fathers location in the household United States 1960: All persons 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 17 17 19 19 20 20 21 21 This variable indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father. IPUMS Probable step/adopted father United States 1960: All persons No stepfather present 1 Improbable age difference 2 Spouse of mother This variable indicates whether or not a person's father was likely to have been the person's stepfather or adoptive father. IPUMS Rule for linking father United States 1960: All persons No father link 1 Unambiguous father link 2 Son/granchild link 3 Preceding male (no intervening person) 4 Husband of mother becomes stepfather This variable indicates why the IPUMS variable POPLOC linked the person to a probable father. The IPUMS establishes father-child links according to five basic rules, and POPRULE reports the number of the rule for the link in question. IPUMS Spouses location in the household United States 1960: All persons 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 This variable indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the spouse. IPUMS Rule for linking spouse United States 1960: All persons No spouse link 1 Wife follows husband 2 Wife precedes husband 3 Non-adjacent persons -- consistent relationship to head/age differences 4 Adjacent persons (wife follows husband -- no conflicts) 5 Adjacent persons (wife precedes husband -- no conflicts) 6 Non-adjacent persons -- no age, other relative conflicts This variable indicates the rule (out of 6 possible ones) by which the IPUMS variable SPLOC linked the person to a probable spouse. IPUMS Number of own family members in household United States 1960: All persons 01 1 family member present 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 24 24 26 26 This variable indicates the number of own family members residing with each individual, including the person her/himself. Persons not living with others related to them by blood, marriage, or adoption are coded 1. IPUMS Number of own children in household United States 1960: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 This variable indicates the number of own children (of any age or marital status) residing with each individual. It includes step-children and adopted children as well as biological children. Persons with no children present are coded 0. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household United States 1960: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 9 9 This variable indicates the number of own children age 4 and under residing with each individual. It includes step-children and adopted children as well as biological children. Persons with no children under 5 present are coded 0. IPUMS Family unit membership United States 1960: All persons 1 1st family 2 2nd family 3 3rd 4 4th 5 5th This variable indicates which family within the housing unit each person belongs to. If there is only one group of related individuals, all of them will be coded 1; if there is a second, separate such group, all members of that family group will be coded 2, and so on. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household United States 1960: Persons in private dwellings with children present [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 98 98 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age of the eldest own child (if any) residing with each individual, regardless of the child's age or marital status. It includes step-children and adopted children as well as biological children. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household United States 1960: Persons in Private dwellings with children present [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 98 98 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age of the youngest own child (if any) residing with each individual, regardless of the child's age or marital status. It includes step-children and adopted children as well as biological children. IPUMS Number of own siblings in household United States 1960: All persons 0 siblings 1 1 sibling 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 This variable indicates the number of own siblings (including half-siblings, step-siblings, and adopted siblings) residing with each individual. Persons with no siblings present are coded 0. IPUMS Relationship to household head/householder <svar a="all" v="US60A423"><span class="em"> P3. What is the relationship of each person to the head of this household? </span><br /><div class="i1">(For example, wife, son, daughter, grandson, mother-in-law, lodger, lodger's wife)</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: All persons 0101 Head/householder 0201 Spouse 0301 Child 0401 Child-in-law 0501 Parent 0601 Parent-in-law 0701 Sibling 0801 Sibling-in-Law 0901 Grandchild 1061 Other relatives, n.e.c. 1110 Partner/friend 1240 Roomer/boarders/lodgers and foster children 1250 Employees 1291 Military 1292 College dormitories 1293 Residents of rooming houses 1295 Other non-inmates 1960 -1970 (includes employees) 1296 Non-inmates in institutions 1301 Institutional inmates This variable indicates an individual's relationship to the head of household or householder. IPUMS Age <svar a="all" v="US60A424 US60A486"><span class="em">P6. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____Month <br />_____Year</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: All persons 000 Less than 1 year old 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 This variable indicates the person's age in years as of the last birthday. IPUMS Sex <svar a="all" v="US60A425"><span class="em">P4. Male or Female</span> (M or F) <br /><br /><div class="i1">_____</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: All persons 1 Male 2 Female This variable indicates whether the person was male or female. IPUMS Race <svar a="all" v="US60A426"><span class="em">P5. Is this person - White, Negro, American Indian, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Part Hawaiian, Aleut, Eskimo, (etc.)? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____ </div><br /></svar> United States 1960: All persons 1 White 2 Black/Negro 3 American Indian/Alaska Native 4 Chinese 5 Japanese 6 Filipino 7 Other race, n.e.c. This variable indicates the race of a person. IPUMS Marital status <svar a="all" v="US60A427"><span class="em">P7. Is this person - Married, Widowed, Divorced, Separated, Single (never married)?</span> <br /><div class="i1">(Leave blank for children born after March 31, 1946)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: All persons 1 Married, spouse present 2 Married, spouse absent 3 Separated 4 Divorced 5 Widowed 6 Never married/single This variable indicates each person's current marital status. IPUMS Age at first marriage <svar a="all" v="US60A428 US60A431"><div class="i2"><span class="em">P19. [If once] When did he get married?</span></div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____Month <br />_____Year</div><br /><br /><div class="i2"><span class="em"> [If more than once] When did he get married for the first time? </span></div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____Month <br />_____Year</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Ever-married persons age 14+ [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace] 00 NIU (not in universe) 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 89 89 90 90 92 92 94 94 95 95 98 98 This variable indicates the respondent's age at first marriage. IPUMS Times married <svar a="all" v="US60A429"><span class="em">P18.</span> If this person has ever been married - <br /><span class="em"><div class="i1">Has this person been married more than once?</div> </span><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Once <br />[] More than once</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Ever-married persons, age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Married once 2 Married twice (or more) This variable indicates whether ever-married persons had been married more than once. IPUMS Children ever born <svar a="all" v="US60A430"><span class="em">P20.</span> If this is a woman who has ever been married - <br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">How many babies has she ever had, not counting stillbirths? Do not count her stepchildren or adopted children.</span></div> <br /><br /><div class="i2">_____ (Number) <span class="em">or</span><br />[] None</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Ever-married females, age 14+ [discrepancies: none] 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of children ever born to each woman. IPUMS Quarter of first marriage <svar a="all" v="US60A428 US60A431"><div class="i2"><span class="em">P19. [If once] When did he get married?</span></div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____Month <br />_____Year</div><br /><br /><div class="i2"><span class="em"> [If more than once] When did he get married for the first time? </span></div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____Month <br />_____Year</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Ever-married persons, age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 January-February-March 2 April-May-June 3 July-August-September 4 October-November-December This variable indicates the quarter of first marriage. IPUMS Birthplace <svar a="all" v="US60A433"><span class="em">P8. Where was this person born? </span><br /><div class="i1">(If born in hospital, give residence of mother, not location of hospital)</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">If born in the United States, write name of State. If born outside the United States, write name of country, U.S. possession, etc. Use international boundaries as now recognized by the U.S. <br />Distinguish Northern Ireland from Ireland (Eire).</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">_____<br />(State, foreign country, U.S. possession, etc.)</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: All persons 00100 Alabama 00200 Alaska 00400 Arizona 00500 Arkansas 00600 California 00800 Colorado 00900 Connecticut 01000 Delaware 01100 District of Columbia 01200 Florida 01300 Georgia 01500 Hawaii 01600 Idaho 01700 Illinois 01800 Indiana 01900 Iowa 02000 Kansas 02100 Kentucky 02200 Louisiana 02300 Maine 02400 Maryland 02500 Massachusetts 02600 Michigan 02700 Minnesota 02800 Mississippi 02900 Missouri 03000 Montana 03100 Nebraska 03200 Nevada 03300 New Hampshire 03400 New Jersey 03500 New Mexico 03600 New York 03700 North Carolina 03800 North Dakota 03900 Ohio 04000 Oklahoma 04100 Oregon 04200 Pennsylvania 04400 Rhode Island 04500 South Carolina 04600 South Dakota 04700 Tennessee 04800 Texas 04900 Utah 05000 Vermont 05100 Virginia 05300 Washington 05400 West Virginia 05500 Wisconsin 05600 Wyoming 09900 United States, n.s. 10000 American Samoa 10500 Guam 11000 Puerto Rico 11500 U S Virgin Islands 12000 Other US Possessions 15000 Canada 16000 Atlantic Islands 20000 Mexico 21010 Belize/British Honduras 21020 Costa Rica 21030 El Salvador 21040 Guatemala 21050 Honduras 21060 Nicaragua 21070 Panama 21071 Canal Zone 25000 Cuba 26010 Dominican Republic 26020 Haiti 26030 Jamaica 26040 British West Indies 26070 Other West Indies 30005 Argentina 30010 Bolivia 30015 Brazil 30020 Chile 30025 Colombia 30030 Ecuador 30045 Paraguay 30050 Peru 30060 Uruguay 30065 Venezuela 30090 South America, n.s. 40000 Denmark 40100 Finland 40200 Iceland 40400 Norway 40500 Sweden 41000 England 41100 Scotland 41200 Wales 41400 Ireland 41410 Northern Ireland 42000 Belgium 42100 France 42300 Luxembourg 42500 Netherlands 42600 Switzerland 43000 Albania 43300 Greece 43400 Italy 43600 Portugal 43610 Azores 43800 Spain 45000 Austria 45100 Bulgaria 45200 Czechoslovakia 45300 Germany 45400 Hungary 45500 Poland 45600 Romania 45700 Yugoslavia 46000 Estonia 46100 Latvia 46200 Lithuania 46500 Other USSR/ Russia 46510 Byelorussia 46530 Ukraine 49900 Europe, n.s. 50000 China 50100 Japan 50200 Korea 51500 Philippines 52100 India 52140 Pakistan 53400 Israel/Palestine 53700 Lebanon 54100 Syria 54200 Turkey 54800 Southwest Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 59900 Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 60010 Northern Africa 60012 Egypt/United Arab Rep 60070 Central Africa 60094 South Africa (Union of) 70010 Australia 70020 New Zealand 71000 Pacific Islands 71040 US Pacific Trust Territories 90010 Abroad, n.s. 90011 Abroad (US citizen) 90020 At sea 90021 At sea (US citizen) This variable indicates the U.S. state or the foreign country where the person was born. IPUMS Mother's birthplace <svar a="all" v="US60A434 US60A435 US60A436"><span class="em">P10. What country was his father born in? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] United States <span class="em">or</span> <br />_____ (Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /><br /><span class="em">P11. What country was his mother born in? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] United States <span class="em">or</span> <br />_____ (Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Native-born persons, US citizens born abroad or persons born in the Canal zone [discrepancies: none] 00000 NIU (not in universe) 09900 United States, n.s. 10000 American Samoa 10500 Guam 11000 Puerto Rico 11500 U S Virgin Islands 12000 Other US Possessions 15000 Canada 16000 Atlantic Islands 20000 Mexico 21010 Belize/British Honduras 21020 Costa Rica 21030 El Salvador 21040 Guatemala 21050 Honduras 21060 Nicaragua 21070 Panama 21071 Canal Zone 25000 Cuba 26010 Dominican Republic 26020 Haiti 26030 Jamaica 26040 British West Indies 26070 Other West Indies 30005 Argentina 30010 Bolivia 30015 Brazil 30020 Chile 30025 Colombia 30030 Ecuador 30050 Peru 30060 Uruguay 30065 Venezuela 30090 South America, n.s. 40000 Denmark 40100 Finland 40200 Iceland 40400 Norway 40500 Sweden 41000 England 41100 Scotland 41200 Wales 41400 Ireland 41410 Northern Ireland 42000 Belgium 42100 France 42300 Luxembourg 42500 Netherlands 42600 Switzerland 43000 Albania 43300 Greece 43400 Italy 43600 Portugal 43610 Azores 43800 Spain 45000 Austria 45100 Bulgaria 45200 Czechoslovakia 45300 Germany 45400 Hungary 45500 Poland 45600 Romania 45700 Yugoslavia 46000 Estonia 46100 Latvia 46200 Lithuania 46500 Other USSR/ Russia 46510 Byelorussia 46530 Ukraine 49900 Europe, n.e.c./n.s. 50000 China 50100 Japan 50200 Korea 51500 Philippines 52100 India 53400 Israel/Palestine 53700 Lebanon 54100 Syria 54200 Turkey 54800 Southwest Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 59900 Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 60010 Northern Africa 60012 Egypt/United Arab Rep 60070 Central Africa 60094 South Africa (Union of) 70010 Australia 70020 New Zealand 71000 Pacific Islands 71040 US Pacific Trust Territories 90010 Abroad, n.s. 90011 Abroad (US citizen) 90020 At sea This variable indicates the state, territory, or foreign country where the respondent's mother was born. IPUMS Father's birthplace <svar a="all" v="US60A434 US60A435 US60A436"><span class="em">P10. What country was his father born in? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] United States <span class="em">or</span> <br />_____ (Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /><br /><span class="em">P11. What country was his mother born in? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] United States <span class="em">or</span> <br />_____ (Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Native-born persons, US citizens born abroad or persons born in the Canal zone [discrepancies: none] 00000 NIU (not in universe) 09900 United States, n.s. 10000 American Samoa 10500 Guam 11000 Puerto Rico 11500 U S Virgin Islands 12000 Other US Possessions 15000 Canada 16000 Atlantic Islands 20000 Mexico 21010 Belize/British Honduras 21020 Costa Rica 21030 El Salvador 21040 Guatemala 21050 Honduras 21060 Nicaragua 21070 Panama 21071 Canal Zone 25000 Cuba 26010 Dominican Republic 26020 Haiti 26030 Jamaica 26040 British West Indies 26070 Other West Indies 30005 Argentina 30010 Bolivia 30015 Brazil 30020 Chile 30025 Colombia 30030 Ecuador 30045 Paraguay 30050 Peru 30060 Uruguay 30065 Venezuela 30090 South America, n.s. 40000 Denmark 40100 Finland 40200 Iceland 40400 Norway 40500 Sweden 41000 England 41100 Scotland 41200 Wales 41400 Ireland 41410 Northern Ireland 42000 Belgium 42100 France 42300 Luxembourg 42500 Netherlands 42600 Switzerland 43000 Albania 43300 Greece 43400 Italy 43600 Portugal 43610 Azores 43800 Spain 45000 Austria 45100 Bulgaria 45200 Czechoslovakia 45300 Germany 45400 Hungary 45500 Poland 45600 Romania 45700 Yugoslavia 46000 Estonia 46100 Latvia 46200 Lithuania 46500 Other USSR/ Russia 46510 Byelorussia 46530 Ukraine 49900 Europe, n.e.c./n.s. 50000 China 50100 Japan 50200 Korea 51500 Philippines 52100 India 52140 Pakistan 53400 Israel/Palestine 53700 Lebanon 54100 Syria 54200 Turkey 54800 Southwest Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 59900 Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 60010 Northern Africa 60012 Egypt/United Arab Rep 60070 Central Africa 60094 South Africa (Union of) 70010 Australia 70020 New Zealand 71000 Pacific Islands 71040 US Pacific Trust Territories 90010 Abroad, n.s. 90011 Abroad (US citizen) 90020 At sea This variable indicates the state, territory, or foreign country where the respondent's father was born. IPUMS Nativity recode <svar a="all" v="US60A434 US60A435 US60A436"><span class="em">P10. What country was his father born in? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] United States <span class="em">or</span> <br />_____ (Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /><br /><span class="em">P11. What country was his mother born in? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] United States <span class="em">or</span> <br />_____ (Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: All persons 1 Both parents native-born 2 Father foreign, mother native 3 Mother foreign, father native 4 Both parents foreign 5 Foreign-Born This variable indicates whether respondents were native-born or foreign-born; for native-born respondents, it indicates whether their mothers and/or fathers were native-born or foreign-born. IPUMS Mother tongue <svar a="all" v="US60A438"><span class="em">P9.</span> If this person was born outside the U.S. - <br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">What language was spoken in his home before he came to the United States? <br /><br /></span></div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Foreign-born non-US citizens [discrepancies: none] 0100 English 0200 German 0300 Yiddish, Jewish 0440 Dutch, Afrikaans, Frisian 0450 Belgian, Flemish 0500 Swedish 0600 Danish 0700 Norwegian 0900 Scandinavian 1000 Italian 1100 French 1200 Spanish 1300 Portuguese 1400 Rumanian 1500 Celtic 1530 Breton 1600 Greek 1700 Albanian 1800 Russian 1900 Ukrainian, Ruthenian, Little Russian, Cossack-70, 2000 Czech 2100 Polish 2200 Slovak 2300 Serbo-Croatian, Yugoslavian, Slavonian-40 2330 Dalmatian, Montenegrin 2400 Slovene 2500 Lithuanian 2600 Other Balto-Slavic 2800 Armenian 2900 Persian, Iranian, Farssi 3000 Other Persian dialects 3102 Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu 3110 Other Indo-Aryan 3200 Romany, Gypsy 3300 Finnish 3400 Magyar, Hungarian 3500 Uralic 3600 Turkish 3700 Other Altaic 3800 Caucasian, Georgian, Avar 3900 Basque 4000 Dravidian 4300 Chinese 4302 Cantonese, Yueh 4303 Mandarin 4400 Tibetan 4500 Burmese, Lisu, Lolo 4700 Thai, Siamese, Lao 4800 Japanese 4900 Korean 5200 Indonesian 5300 Other Malayan 5400 Filipino, Tagalog 5500 Miconesian, Polynesian 5700 Arabic 5710 Algerian, Moroccan, Tunisian 5720 Egyptian 5730 Iraqi, Chaldean-70 5740 Libyan 5800 Near East Arabic dialect 5900 Hebrew, Israeli 6000 Amharic, Ethiopian, etc. 6321 Niger-Congo regions (many subheads) 7200 Algonquian 9300 American Indian, n.s., Tlingit-70 9601 Other (not classified) 9998 Unknown 9999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the respondent's mother tongue. IPUMS Spanish surname <svar a="all" v="US60A440"><span class="em">P2. Names of persons living here on April 1, 1960, and those staying here who have no other home </span><br /><br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">Write names in this order: </span><br /><br />Head of household on first line <br />Wife of head <br />Unmarried children, oldest first <br />Married children and their families <br />Other relatives <br />Others not related to head of household <br /><br /><span class="em">If there are more than 10 names on your list, use an additional sheet. </span></div><br /><br /><div class="i2">_____Last name<br /> _____First Name<br /> _Middle initial</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons residing in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not Spanish surname 2 Yes, Spanish surname This variable indicates if the respondent has a Spanish surname, based on comparisons of surnames with lists of Spanish surnames. IPUMS School attendence <svar a="all" v="US60A441"><span class="em">P16. Has he attended regular school or college at any time since February 1, 1960? </span><br /><div class="i1">If he has attended only nursery school, business or trade school, or adult education classes, check "No".</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not in school 2 Yes, in school This variable indicates whether the respondent attended school during a specified period. IPUMS Highest grade of schooling <svar a="all" v="US60A443 US60A442"><span class="em">P14. What is the highest grade (or year) of regular school this person has ever attended? </span><br /><div class="i1">(Check one box)</div><br /><div class="i1">If now attending a regular school or college, check the grade (or year) he is in. If it is in junior high school, check the box that stand for that grade (or year).</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Never attended school<br />[] Kindergarten<br />Elementary school (Grade) <br /><div class="i3">[] 1<br />[] 2 <br />[] 3 <br />[] 4<br />[] 5 <br />[] 6 <br />[] 7 <br />[] 8</div><br />High school (Year)<br /><div class="i3">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3 <br />[] 4</div><br />College (Year) <br /><div class="i3">[] 1 <br />[] 2 <br />[] 3 <br />[] 4 <br />[] 5 <br />[] 6 or more</div></div><br /><br /><span class="em">P15. Did he finish the highest grade (or year) he attended? </span> <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Finished this grade<br />[] Did not finish this grade<br />[] Never attended school</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 None (no levels of school completed) 021 Didn t finish kindergarten 022 Attending kindergarten 030 Kindergarten 031 Didn t finish 1 st grade 032 Attending 1 st grade 040 1 st grade 041 Didn t finish 2 nd grade 042 Attending 2 nd grade 050 2 nd grade 051 Didn t finish 3 rd grade 052 Attending 3 rd grade 060 3 rd grade 061 Didn t finish 4 th grade 062 Attending 4 th grade 070 4 th grade 071 Didn t finish 5 th grade 072 Attending 5 th grade 080 5 th grade 081 Didn t finish 6 th grade 082 Attending 6 th grade 090 6 th grade 091 Didn t finish 7 th grade 092 Attending 7 th grade 100 7 th grade 101 Didn t finish 8 th grade 102 Attending 8 th grade 110 8 th grade 111 Didn t finish 9 th grade 112 Attending 9 th grade 120 9 th grade 121 Didn t finish 10 th grade 122 Attending 10 th grade 130 10 th grade 131 Didn t finish 11 th grade 132 Attending 11 th grade 140 11 th grade 141 Didn t finish 12 th grade 142 Attending 12 th grade 150 12 th grade 151 Didn t finish 1 st year college 152 Attending 1 st year college 160 1 st year 161 Didn t finish 2 nd year 162 Attending 2 nd year 170 2 nd year 171 Didn t finish 3 rd year 172 Attending 3 rd year 180 3 rd year 181 Didn t finish 4 th year 182 Attending 4 th year 190 4 th year 191 Didn t finish 5 th year 192 Attending 5 th year 200 5 th year or more (40-50) 201 Didn t finish 6 th year 202 Attending 6 th year 210 6 th year or more (60,70) This variable indicates the highest grade of school attended or completed by the respondent. Also identifies persons who began but did not finish the next grade, or who were still attending that grade at census time. IPUMS Educational attainment recode <svar a="all" v="US60A443 US60A442"><span class="em">P14. What is the highest grade (or year) of regular school this person has ever attended? </span><br /><div class="i1">(Check one box)</div><br /><div class="i1">If now attending a regular school or college, check the grade (or year) he is in. If it is in junior high school, check the box that stand for that grade (or year).</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Never attended school<br />[] Kindergarten<br />Elementary school (Grade) <br /><div class="i3">[] 1<br />[] 2 <br />[] 3 <br />[] 4<br />[] 5 <br />[] 6 <br />[] 7 <br />[] 8</div><br />High school (Year)<br /><div class="i3">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3 <br />[] 4</div><br />College (Year) <br /><div class="i3">[] 1 <br />[] 2 <br />[] 3 <br />[] 4 <br />[] 5 <br />[] 6 or more</div></div><br /><br /><span class="em">P15. Did he finish the highest grade (or year) he attended? </span> <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Finished this grade<br />[] Did not finish this grade<br />[] Never attended school</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 None or preschool 2 Grade 1 , 2 , 3 , or 4 3 Grade 5 , 6 , 7 , or 8 4 Grade 9 5 Grade 10 6 Grade 11 7 Grade 12 8 1 to 3 years of college 9 4 years of college This variable indicates the respondent's highest grade of school or year of college completed. IPUMS Public or private school <svar a="all" v="US60A444"><div class="i2"><span class="em">[If Yes] P17 Is it a public school or a private school? </span></div><br /><br /><div class="i3">[] Public school<br />[] Private or parochial school</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not enrolled 2 Public school 3 Private school This variable indicates whether respondent is attending school were enrolled in a public or a private school. IPUMS Employment status <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A445 US60A446"><span class="em">P22. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><div class="i1">Include part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm. Do <span class="em">not</span> count own housework.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US60A445 US60A446"><span class="em">P24. Was this person looking for work or on layoff from a job? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><span class="em">P25. Does he have a job or business from which he was temporarily absent all last week because of illness, vacations, or other reasons? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 At work 2 Has job, not working 3 Armed forces--at work 4 Armed forces--with job but not at work 5 Unemployed 6 Not in labor force This variable indicates whether the respondent was a part of the labor force - working or seeking work - and, if so, whether the person was currently unemployed. IPUMS Labor force status <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A445 US60A446"><span class="em">P22. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><div class="i1">Include part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm. Do <span class="em">not</span> count own housework.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US60A445 US60A446"><span class="em">P24. Was this person looking for work or on layoff from a job? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><span class="em">P25. Does he have a job or business from which he was temporarily absent all last week because of illness, vacations, or other reasons? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force This variable indicates whether a person participated in the labor force. IPUMS Occupation, 1950 basis United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not new workers [not verifiable] 000 Accountants and auditors 001 Actors and actresses 002 Airplane pilots and navigators 003 Architects 004 Artists and art teachers 005 Athletes 006 Authors 007 Chemists 008 Chiropractors 009 Clergymen 010 College presidents and deans 012 Agricultural sciences 013 Biological sciences 014 Chemistry 015 Economics 016 Engineering 017 Geology and geophysics 018 Mathematics 019 Medical sciences 023 Physics 024 Psychology 025 Statistics 026 Natural science (n e c ) 027 Social sciences (n e c ) 028 Nonscientific subjects 029 Subject not specified 031 Dancers and dancing teachers 032 Dentists 033 Designers 034 Dieticians and nutritionists 035 Draftsmen 036 Editors and reporters 041 Engineers, aeronautical 042 Engineers, chemical 043 Engineers, civil 044 Engineers, electrical 045 Engineers, industrial 046 Engineers, mechanical 047 Engineers, metallurgical, metallurgists 048 Engineers, mining 049 Engineers (n e c ) 051 Entertainers (n e c ) 052 Farm and home management advisors 053 Foresters and conservationists 054 Funeral directors and embalmers 055 Lawyers and judges 056 Librarians 057 Musicians and music teachers 058 Nurses, professional 059 Nurses, student professional 061 Agricultural scientists 062 Biological scientists 063 Geologists and geophysicists 067 Mathematicians 068 Physicists 069 Miscellaneous natural scientists 070 Optometrists 071 Osteopaths 072 Personnel and labor relations workers 073 Pharmacists 074 Photographers 075 Physicians and surgeons 076 Radio operators 077 Recreation and group workers 078 Religious workers 079 Social and welfare workers, except group 081 Economists 082 Psychologists 083 Statisticians and actuaries 084 Miscellaneous social scientists 091 Sports instructors and officials 092 Surveyors 093 Teachers (n e c ) 094 Technicians, medical and dental 095 Technicians, testing 096 Technicians (n e c ) 097 Therapists and healers (n e c ) 098 Veterinarians 099 Professional, technical and kindred workers (n. 100 Farmers (owners and tenants) 123 Farm managers 200 Buyers and department heads, store 201 Buyers and shippers, farm products 203 Conductors, railroad 204 Credit men 205 Floormen and floor managers, store 210 Inspectors, public administration 230 Managers and superintendents, building 240 Officers, pilots, pursers and engineers, ship 250 Officials and administrators (n.e.c.), public a 260 Officials, lodge, society, union, etc. 270 Postmasters 280 Purchasing agents and buyers (n e c ) 290 Managers, officials, and proprietors (n.e.c.) 300 Agents (n e c ) 301 Attendants and assistants, library 302 Attendants, physician's and dentist's office 304 Baggagemen, transportation 305 Bank tellers 310 Bookkeepers 320 Cashiers 321 Collectors, bill and account 322 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 325 Express messengers and railway mail clerks 335 Mail carriers 340 Messengers and office boys 341 Office machine operators 342 Shipping and receiving clerks 350 Stenographers, typists, and secretaries 360 Telegraph messengers 365 Telegraph operators 370 Telephone operators 380 Ticket, station, and express agents 390 Clerical and kindred workers (n e c ) 400 Advertising agents and salesmen 410 Auctioneers 420 Demonstrators 430 Hucksters and peddlers 450 Insurance agents and brokers 460 Newsboys 470 Real estate agents and brokers 480 Stock and bond salesmen 490 Salesmen and sales clerks (n e c ) 500 Bakers 501 Blacksmiths 502 Bookbinders 503 Boilermakers 504 Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 505 Cabinetmakers 510 Carpenters 511 Cement and concrete finishers 512 Compositors and typesetters 513 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 514 Decorators and window dressers 515 Electricians 520 Electrotypers and stereotypers 521 Engravers, except photoengravers 522 Excavating, grading, and road machinery operato 523 Foremen (n e c ) 524 Forgemen and hammermen 525 Furriers 530 Glaziers 531 Heat treaters, annealers, temperers 532 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumbe 533 Inspectors (n e c ) 534 Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversm 535 Job setters, metal 540 Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, a 541 Locomotive engineers 542 Locomotive firemen 543 Loom fixers 544 Machinists 545 Mechanics and repairmen, airplane 550 Mechanics and repairmen, automobile 551 Mechanics and repairmen, office machine 552 Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television 553 Mechanics and repairmen, railroad and car shop 554 Mechanics and repairmen (n e c ) 555 Millers, grain, flour, feed, etc. 560 Millwrights 561 Molders, metal 562 Motion picture projectionists 563 Opticians and lens grinders and polishers 564 Painters, construction and maintenance 565 Paperhangers 570 Pattern and model makers, except paper 571 Photoengravers and lithographers 572 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 573 Plasterers 574 Plumbers and pipe fitters 575 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 580 Rollers and roll hands, metal 581 Roofers and slaters 582 Shoemakers and repairers, except factory 583 Stationary engineers 584 Stone cutters and stone carvers 585 Structural metal workers 590 Tailors and tailoresses 591 Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal worker 592 Tool makers, and die makers and setters 593 Upholsterers 594 Craftsmen and kindred workers (n e c ) 595 Members of the armed services 600 Apprentice auto mechanics 601 Apprentice bricklayers and masons 602 Apprentice carpenters 603 Apprentice electricians 604 Apprentice machinists and toolmakers 605 Apprentice mechanics, except auto 610 Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters 611 Apprentices, building trades (n.e.c.) 612 Apprentices, metalworking trades (n.e.c.) 613 Apprentices, printing trades 614 Apprentices, other specified trades 615 Apprentices, trade not specified 620 Asbestos and insulation workers 621 Attendants, auto service and parking 622 Blasters and powdermen 623 Boatmen, canalmen, and lock keepers 624 Brakemen, railroad 625 Bus drivers 630 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying 631 Conductors, bus and street railway 632 Deliverymen and routemen 633 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 634 Dyers 635 Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal 640 Fruit, nut, and vegetable graders, and packers, 641 Furnacemen, smeltermen and pourers 642 Heaters, metal 643 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives 644 Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing hous 645 Milliners 650 Mine operatives and laborers 660 Motormen, mine, factory, logging camp, etc. 661 Motormen, street, subway, and elevated railway 662 Oilers and greaser, except auto 670 Painters, except construction or maintenance 671 Photographic process workers 672 Power station operators 673 Sailors and deck hands 674 Sawyers 675 Spinners, textile 680 Stationary firemen 681 Switchmen, railroad 682 Taxicab drivers and chauffers 683 Truck and tractor drivers 684 Weavers, textile 685 Welders and flame cutters 690 Operative and kindred workers (n e c ) 700 Housekeepers, private household 710 Laundressses, private household 720 Private household workers (n e c ) 730 Attendants, hospital and other institution 731 Attendants, professional and personal service ( 732 Attendants, recreation and amusement 740 Barbers, beauticians, and manicurists 750 Bartenders 751 Bootblacks 752 Boarding and lodging house keepers 753 Charwomen and cleaners 754 Cooks, except private household 760 Counter and fountain workers 761 Elevator operators 762 Firemen, fire protection 763 Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers 764 Housekeepers and stewards, except private house 770 Janitors and sextons 771 Marshals and constables 772 Midwives 773 Policemen and detectives 780 Porters 781 Practical nurses 782 Sheriffs and bailiffs 783 Ushers, recreation and amusement 784 Waiters and waitresses 785 Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders 790 Service workers, except private household (n.e. 810 Farm foremen 820 Farm laborers, wage workers 830 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 840 Farm service laborers, self-employed 910 Fishermen and oystermen 920 Garage laborers and car washers and greasers 930 Gardeners, except farm, and groundskeepers 940 Longshoremen and stevedores 950 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 960 Teamsters 970 Laborers (n e c ) 997 Occupation missing/unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the respondent's occupation coded under the 1950 Census Bureau occupational classification system to occupational data scheme. IPUMS Occupation <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453"><span class="em">P27. Occupation </span> (Answer 1, 2, or 3) <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 1. This person <span class="em">last</span> worked in 1949 or earlier.<br />This person has never worked.<br /><br /><span class="em">or </span><br /><br />[] 2. On active duty in the Armed Forces now <br /><br /><span class="em">or</span> <br /><br />[] 3. Worked in 1950 or later (Answer a to e, below.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Describe this person's job or business last week, if any, and write in name of employer. If this person had no job or business last week, give information for last job or business since 1950.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3"><span class="em">a. For whom did he work? </span><br /><br />_____<br />(Name of company, business, organization, or other employer) <br /><br /><span class="em">b. What kind of business or industry was this? </span><br />Describe activity at location where employed. <br /><br />_____<br />(For example: County junior high school, auto assembly plant, TV and radio service, retail supermarket, road construction, farm) <br /><br /><span class="em">c. Is this primarily: </span><br /><br />[] Manufacturing<br />[] Wholesale trade <br />[] Retail trade <br />[] Other (services, agriculture, government, construction, etc.) <br /><br /><span class="em">d. What kind of work was he doing? </span><br /><br />_____<br />(For example: 8th grade English teacher, paint sprayer, repairs TV sets, grocery checker, civil engineer, farmer, farm hand) <br /><br /><span class="em">e. Was this person: (Check one box) </span><br /><br />[] Employee of private company, business, or individual, for wages, salary, or commissions <br />[] Government employee (Federal, State, county, or local)<br />[] Self-employed in own business, professional practice, or farm <br />[] Working without pay in a family business or farm</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not armed forces, not new workers [not verifiable] 000 Accountants and auditors 010 Actors and actresses 012 Airplane pilots and navigators 013 Architects 014 Artists and art teachers 015 Athletes 020 Authors 021 Chemists 022 Chiropractors 023 Clergymen 030 College presidents and deans 031 Professors and instructors, agricultural sciences 032 Professors and instructors, biological sciences 034 Professors and instructors, chemistry 035 Professors and instructors, economics 040 Professors and instructors, engineering 041 Professors and instructors, geology and geophysics 042 Professors and instructors, mathematics 043 Professors and instructors, medical sciences 045 Professors and instructors, physics 050 Professors and instructors, psychology 051 Professors and instructors, statistics 052 Professors and instructors, natural sciences, n.e.c. 053 Professors and instructors, social sciences, n.e.c. 054 Professors and instructors, nonscientific subjects 060 Professors and instructors, subject not specified 070 Dancers and dancing teachers 071 Dentists 072 Designers 073 Dietitians and nutritionists 074 Draftsmen 075 Editors and reporters 080 Engineers, aeronautical 081 Engineers, chemical 082 Engineers, civil 083 Engineers, electrical 084 Engineers, industrial 085 Engineers, mechanical 090 Engineers, metallurgical, and metallurgists 091 Engineers, mining 092 Engineers, sales 093 Engineers, n.e.c. 101 Entertainers, n.e.c. 102 Farm and home management advisors 103 Foresters and conservationists 104 Funeral directors and embalmers 105 Lawyers and judges 111 Librarians 120 Musicians and music teachers 130 Agricultural scientists 131 Biological scientists 134 Geologists and geophysicists 135 Mathematicians 140 Physicists 145 Miscellaneous natural scientists 150 Nurses, professional 151 Nurses, student professional 152 Optometrists 153 Osteopaths 154 Personnel and labor relations workers 160 Pharmacists 161 Photographers 162 Physicians and surgeons 163 Public relations men and publicity writers 164 Radio operators 165 Recreation and group workers 170 Religious workers 171 Social and welfare workers, except group 172 Economists 173 Psychologists 174 Statisticians and actuaries 175 Miscellaneous social scientists 180 Sports instructors and officials 181 Surveyors 182 Teachers, elementary schools 183 Teachers, secondary schools 184 Teachers, n.e.c. 185 Technicians, medical and dental 190 Technicians, electrical and electronic 191 Technicians, other engineering and physical sciences 192 Technicians, n.e.c. 193 Therapists and healers, n.e.c. 194 Veterinarians 195 Professional, technical, and kindred workers, n.e.c. 200 Farmers (owners and tenants) 222 Farm managers 250 Buyers and department heads, store 251 Buyers and shippers, farm products 252 Conductors, railroad 253 Credit men 254 Floor men and floor managers, store 260 Inspectors, public administration 262 Managers and superintendents, building 265 Officers, pilots, pursers, and engineers, ship 270 Officials and administrators, n.e.c., public administration 275 Officials, lodge, society, union, etc. 280 Postmasters 285 Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. 290 Managers, officials, and proprietors, n.e.c. 301 Agents, n.e.c. 302 Attendants and assistants, library 303 Attendants, physician's and dentist's office 304 Baggagemen, transportation 305 Bank tellers 310 Bookkeepers 312 Cashiers 313 Collectors, bill and account 314 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 315 Express messengers and railway mail clerks 320 File clerks 321 Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators 323 Mail carriers 324 Messengers and office boys 325 Office machine operators 333 Payroll and timekeeping clerks 340 Postal clerks 341 Receptionists 342 Secretaries 343 Shipping and receiving clerks 345 Stenographers 350 Stock clerks and storekeepers 351 Telegraph messengers 352 Telegraph operators 353 Telephone operators 354 Ticket, station, and express agents 360 Typists 370 Clerical and kindred workers, n.e.c. 380 Advertising agents and salesmen 381 Auctioneers 382 Demonstrators 383 Hucksters and peddlers 385 Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters 390 Newsboys 393 Real estate agents and brokers 394 Salesmen and sales clerks, n.e.c. 395 Stock and bond salesmen 401 Bakers 402 Blacksmiths 403 Boilermakers 404 Bookbinders 405 Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 410 Cabinetmakers 411 Carpenters 413 Cement and concrete finishers 414 Compositors and typesetters 415 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 420 Decorators and window dressers 421 Electricians 423 Electrotypers and stereotypers 424 Engravers, except photoengravers 425 Excavating, grading, and machinery operators 430 Foremen, n.e.c. 431 Forgemen and hammermen 432 Furriers 434 Glaziers 435 Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers 444 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber 450 Inspectors, n.e.c. 451 Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths 452 Job setters, metal 453 Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, and power 454 Locomotive engineers 460 Locomotive firemen 461 Loom fixers 465 Machinists 470 Mechanics and repairmen, air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration 471 Mechanics and repairmen, airplane 472 Mechanics and repairmen, automobile 473 Mechanics and repairmen, office machine 474 Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television 475 Mechanics and repairmen, railroad and car shop 480 Mechanics and repairmen, n.e.c. 490 Millers, grain, flour, feed, etc. 491 Millwrights 492 Molders, metal 493 Motion picture projectionists 494 Opticians, and lens grinders and polishers 495 Painters, construction and maintenance 501 Paperhangers 502 Pattern and model makers, except paper 503 Photoengravers and lithographers 504 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 505 Plasterers 510 Plumbers and pipe fitters 512 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 513 Rollers and roll hands, metal 514 Roofers and slaters 515 Shoemakers and repairers, except factory 520 Stationary engineers 521 Stone cutters and stone carvers 523 Structural metal workers 524 Tailors and tailoresses 525 Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal workers 530 Toolmakers, and die makers and setters 535 Upholsterers 545 Craftsmen and kindred workers, n.e.c. 555 Former members of the armed forces 601 Apprentice auto mechanics 602 Apprentice bricklayers and masons 603 Apprentice carpenters 604 Apprentice electricians 605 Apprentice machinists and toolmakers 610 Apprentice mechanics, except auto 612 Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters 613 Apprentices, building trades, n.e.c. 614 Apprentices, metalworking trades, n.e.c. 615 Apprentices, printing trades 620 Apprentices, other specified trades 621 Apprentices, trade not specified 630 Asbestos and insulation workers 631 Assemblers 632 Attendants, auto service and parking 634 Blasters and powdermen 635 Boatmen, canalmen, and lock keepers 640 Brakemen, railroad 641 Bus drivers 642 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying 643 Checkers, examiners, and inspectors, manufacturing 645 Conductors, bus and street railway 650 Deliverymen and routemen 651 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 652 Dyers 653 Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal 654 Fruit, nut, and vegetable graders and packers, except factory 670 Furnacemen, smeltermen, and pourers 671 Graders and sorters, manufacturing 672 Heaters, metal 673 Knitters, loopers, and toppers, textile 674 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives 675 Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing house 680 Milliners 685 Mine operatives and laborers, n.e.c. 690 Motormen, mine, factory, logging camp, etc. 691 Motormen, street, subway, and elevated railway 692 Oilers and greasers, except auto 693 Packers and wrappers, n.e.c. 694 Painters, except construction and maintenance 695 Photographic process workers 701 Power station operators 703 Sailors and deck hands 704 Sawyers 705 Sewers and stitchers, manufacturing 710 Spinners, textile 712 Stationary firemen 713 Switchmen, railroad 714 Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs 715 Truck and tractor drivers 720 Weavers, textile 721 Welders and flame-cutters 775 Operatives and kindred workers, n.e.c. 801 Baby sitters, private household 802 Housekeepers, private household 803 Laundresses, private household 804 Private household workers, n.e.c. 810 Attendants, hospital and other institutions 812 Attendants, professional and personal service, n.e.c. 813 Attendants, recreation and amusement 814 Barbers 815 Bartenders 820 Bootblacks 821 Boarding and lodging housekeepers 823 Chambermaids and maids, except private household 824 Charwomen and cleaners 825 Cooks, except private household 830 Counter and fountain workers 831 Elevator operators 832 Housekeepers and stewards, except private household 834 Janitors and sexton 835 Kitchen workers, n.e.c., except private household 840 Midwives 841 Porters 842 Practical nurses 843 Hairdressers and cosmetologists 850 Firemen, fire protection 851 Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers 852 Marshals and constables 853 Policemen and detectives 854 Sheriffs and bailiffs 860 Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders 874 Ushers, recreation and amusement 875 Waiters and waitresses 890 Service workers, except private household, n.e.c. 901 Farm foremen 902 Farm laborers, wage workers 903 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 905 Farm service laborers, self-employed 960 Carpenters' helpers, except logging and mining 962 Fishermen and oystermen 963 Garage laborers, and car washers and greasers 964 Gardeners, except farm, and groundskeepers 965 Longshoremen and stevedores 970 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 971 Teamsters 972 Truck drivers' helpers 973 Warehousemen, n.e.c. 985 Laborers, n.e.c. 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the respondent's primary occupation, coded into a contemporary census classification scheme. IPUMS Occupational income score United States 1960: Persons with an occupational response (codes 000-970) recorded in OCC1950 [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 52 52 54 54 60 60 61 61 63 63 80 80 This variable indicates the constructed occupational income scores assigned to each occupation. IPUMS Duncan Socioeconomic Index United States 1960: Persons with an occupational response (codes 000-970) recorded in OCC1950 [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 90 90 92 92 93 93 96 96 This variable indicates the Duncan Socioeconomic Index (SEI) score to each occupation. IPUMS Industry, 1950 basis <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453"><span class="em">P27. Occupation </span> (Answer 1, 2, or 3) <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 1. This person <span class="em">last</span> worked in 1949 or earlier.<br />This person has never worked.<br /><br /><span class="em">or </span><br /><br />[] 2. On active duty in the Armed Forces now <br /><br /><span class="em">or</span> <br /><br />[] 3. Worked in 1950 or later (Answer a to e, below.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Describe this person's job or business last week, if any, and write in name of employer. If this person had no job or business last week, give information for last job or business since 1950.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3"><span class="em">a. For whom did he work? </span><br /><br />_____<br />(Name of company, business, organization, or other employer) <br /><br /><span class="em">b. What kind of business or industry was this? </span><br />Describe activity at location where employed. <br /><br />_____<br />(For example: County junior high school, auto assembly plant, TV and radio service, retail supermarket, road construction, farm) <br /><br /><span class="em">c. Is this primarily: </span><br /><br />[] Manufacturing<br />[] Wholesale trade <br />[] Retail trade <br />[] Other (services, agriculture, government, construction, etc.) <br /><br /><span class="em">d. What kind of work was he doing? </span><br /><br />_____<br />(For example: 8th grade English teacher, paint sprayer, repairs TV sets, grocery checker, civil engineer, farmer, farm hand) <br /><br /><span class="em">e. Was this person: (Check one box) </span><br /><br />[] Employee of private company, business, or individual, for wages, salary, or commissions <br />[] Government employee (Federal, State, county, or local)<br />[] Self-employed in own business, professional practice, or farm <br />[] Working without pay in a family business or farm</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not persons with a job but not at work last week, not new workers [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 105 Agriculture 116 Forestry 126 Fisheries 206 Metal mining 216 Coal mining 226 Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction 236 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel 246 Construction 306 Logging 307 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 308 Miscellaneous wood products 309 Furniture and fixtures 316 Glass and glass products 317 Cement, concrete, gypsum and plaster product 318 Structural clay products 319 Pottery and related products 326 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products 336 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mil 337 Other primary iron and steel industries 338 Primary nonferrous industries 346 Fabricated steel products 348 Not specified metal industries 356 Agricultural machinery and tractors 357 Office and store machines and devices 358 Miscellaneous machinery 367 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplie 376 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 377 Aircraft and parts 378 Ship and boat building and repairing 379 Railroad and miscellaneous transportation equipment 386 Professional equipment and supplies 387 Photographic equipment and supplies 388 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devi 399 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 406 Meat products 407 Dairy products 408 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, a 409 Grain-mill products 416 Bakery products 417 Confectionery and related products 418 Beverage industries 419 Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products 426 Not specified food industries 429 Tobacco manufactures 436 Knitting mills 437 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except knit g 438 Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings 439 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 446 Miscellaneous textile mill products 448 Apparel and accessories 449 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 456 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 457 Paperboard containers and boxes 458 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 459 Printing, publishing, and allied industries 466 Synthetic fibers 467 Drugs and medicines 468 Paints, varnishes, and related products 469 Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products 476 Petroleum refining 477 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 478 Rubber products 487 Leather: tanned, curried, and finished 488 Footwear, except rubber 489 Leather products, except footwear 499 Not specified manufacturing industries 506 Railroads and railway express service 516 Street railways and bus lines 526 Trucking service 527 Warehousing and storage 536 Taxicab service 546 Water transportation 556 Air transportation 567 Petroleum and gasoline pipe lines 568 Services incidental to transportation 578 Telephone 579 Telegraph 586 Electric light and power 587 Gas and steam supply systems 588 Electric-gas utilities 596 Water supply 597 Sanitary services 598 Other and not specified utilities 606 Motor vehicles and equipment 607 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 608 Dry goods apparel 609 Food and related products 616 Electrical goods, hardware, and plumbing equ 617 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 618 Petroleum products 619 Farm products--raw materials 626 Miscellaneous wholesale trade 627 Not specified wholesale trade 636 Food stores, except dairy products 637 Dairy products stores and milk retailing 646 General merchandise stores 647 Five and ten cent stores 656 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe 657 Shoe stores 658 Furniture and house furnishing stores 659 Household appliance and radio stores 667 Motor vehicles and accessories retailing 668 Gasoline service stations 669 Drug stores 679 Eating and drinking places 686 Hardware and farm implement stores 687 Lumber and building material retailing 688 Liquor stores 689 Retail florists 696 Jewelry stores 697 Fuel and ice retailing 698 Miscellaneous retail stores 699 Not specified retail trade 716 Banking and credit agencies 726 Security and commodity brokerage and investment companies 736 Insurance 746 Real estate 806 Advertising 807 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 808 Miscellaneous business services 816 Auto repair services and garages 817 Miscellaneous repair services 826 Private households 836 Hotels and lodging places 846 Laundering, cleaning, and dyeing services 847 Dressmaking shops 848 Shoe repair shops 849 Miscellaneous personal services 856 Radio broadcasting and television 857 Theaters and motion pictures 858 Bowling alleys, and billiard and pool parlors 859 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 868 Medical and other health services, except hospi 869 Hospitals 879 Legal services 888 Educational services 896 Welfare and religious services 897 Nonprofit membership organizations 898 Engineering and architectural services 899 Miscellaneous professional and related services 906 Postal service 916 Federal public administration 926 State public administration 936 Local public administration 998 Unknown This variable indicates the type of industry in which the respondent performed an occupation. The coding structure is that of the 1950 Census Bureau industrial classification system. IPUMS Industry <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453"><span class="em">P27. Occupation </span> (Answer 1, 2, or 3) <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 1. This person <span class="em">last</span> worked in 1949 or earlier.<br />This person has never worked.<br /><br /><span class="em">or </span><br /><br />[] 2. On active duty in the Armed Forces now <br /><br /><span class="em">or</span> <br /><br />[] 3. Worked in 1950 or later (Answer a to e, below.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Describe this person's job or business last week, if any, and write in name of employer. If this person had no job or business last week, give information for last job or business since 1950.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3"><span class="em">a. For whom did he work? </span><br /><br />_____<br />(Name of company, business, organization, or other employer) <br /><br /><span class="em">b. What kind of business or industry was this? </span><br />Describe activity at location where employed. <br /><br />_____<br />(For example: County junior high school, auto assembly plant, TV and radio service, retail supermarket, road construction, farm) <br /><br /><span class="em">c. Is this primarily: </span><br /><br />[] Manufacturing<br />[] Wholesale trade <br />[] Retail trade <br />[] Other (services, agriculture, government, construction, etc.) <br /><br /><span class="em">d. What kind of work was he doing? </span><br /><br />_____<br />(For example: 8th grade English teacher, paint sprayer, repairs TV sets, grocery checker, civil engineer, farmer, farm hand) <br /><br /><span class="em">e. Was this person: (Check one box) </span><br /><br />[] Employee of private company, business, or individual, for wages, salary, or commissions <br />[] Government employee (Federal, State, county, or local)<br />[] Self-employed in own business, professional practice, or farm <br />[] Working without pay in a family business or farm</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not armed forces, not persons with a job but not at work last week, not new workers [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 016 Agriculture 027 Forestry 028 Fisheries 047 Metal mining 048 Coal mining 049 Crude petroleum and natural gas extractions 057 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel 066 All construction 107 Logging 108 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 109 Miscellaneous wood products 118 Furniture and fixtures 119 Glass and glass products 127 Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 128 Structural clay products 137 Pottery and related products 138 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products 139 Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills 146 Primary nonferrous industries 147 Other primary iron and steel industries 157 Cutlery, hand tools, and other hardware 158 Fabricated structural metal products 166 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 169 Metal industries, n.s. 176 Miscellaneous machinery 178 Farm machinery and equipment 186 Office, computing and accounting machines 206 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies 219 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 227 Aircraft and parts 228 Ship and boat building and repairing 236 Railroad and miscellaneous transportation equipment 246 Professional equipment and supplies 248 Photographic equipment and supplies 249 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devices 259 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 268 Meat products 269 Dairy products 278 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafood 279 Grain-mill products 287 Bakery products 288 Confectionery and related products 289 Beverage industries 293 Food industries, n.s. 297 Miscellaneous food preparation and kindred products 298 Food industries, n.s. 299 Tobacco manufacturers 307 Knitting mills 308 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool and knit goods 309 Floor coverings, except hard surface 317 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 318 Miscellaneous textile mill products 319 Apparel and accessories 327 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 328 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 329 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 337 Paperboard containers and boxes 338 Newspaper publishing and printing 339 Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers 346 Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products 349 Synthetic fibers 357 Drugs and medicines 359 Paints, varnishes, and related products 377 Petroleum refining 378 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 379 Rubber products 387 Miscellaneous plastic products 388 Tanned, curried, and finished leather 389 Footwear, except rubber 397 Leather products, except footwear 398 Manufacturing, n.s. 407 Railroads and railway express service 408 Street railways and bus lines 409 Taxicab service 417 Trucking service 418 Warehousing and storage 419 Water transportation 427 Air transportation 428 Pipe lines, except natural gas 429 Services incidental to transportation 447 Radio broadcasting and television 448 Telephone (wire and radio) 449 Telegraph and miscellaneous communication services 467 Electric light and power 468 Electric-gas utilities 469 Gas and steam supply systems 477 Water supply 478 Sanitary services 479 Other and not specified utilities 507 Motor vehicles and equipment 508 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 509 Dry goods and apparel 527 Food and related products 528 Farm products--raw materials 536 Electrical goods, hardware, and plumbing equipment 539 Machinery equipment and supplies 558 Petroleum products 566 Miscellaneous wholesale trade 588 Wholesale trade, n.s. 607 Lumber and building material retailing 608 Hardware and farm equipment stores 617 Limited price variety stores 626 General merchandise retailing 629 Dairy products stores 636 Food stores except dairy products 646 Motor vehicle and accessory retailing 648 Gasoline service station 657 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe stores 658 Shoe stores 667 Furniture and home furnishing stores 668 Household appliances, TV, and radio stores 669 Eating and drinking places 677 Drug stores 678 Liquor stores 687 Jewelry stores 688 Fuel and ice dealers 689 Retail florists 696 Miscellaneous retail stores 698 Retail trade, n.s. 706 Banking and credit agencies 709 Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies 717 Insurance 718 Real estate, including real estate-insurance-law offices 727 Advertising 736 Miscellaneous business services 756 Automobile repair services and garages 766 Miscellaneous repair services 769 Private households 776 Hotels and lodging places 779 Laundering, cleaning, and other garment services 786 Barber and beauty shops 789 Shoe repair shops 797 Dressmaking shops 798 Miscellaneous personal services 807 Theaters and motion pictures 808 Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors 809 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 826 Medical and other health services, except hospital 838 Hospitals 849 Legal services 856 Educational services 876 Welfare and religious services 887 Nonprofit membership organizations 888 Engineering and architectural services 889 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 897 Miscellaneous professional and related services 907 Postal service 917 Federal public administration 927 State public administration 937 Local public administration 999 Unknown This variable indicates the type of industry in which the respondent performed an occupation. This variable contains raw codes (other recorded versions are OCC and OCC1950). IPUMS Class of worker <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453"><span class="em">P27. Occupation </span> (Answer 1, 2, or 3) <br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 1. This person <span class="em">last</span> worked in 1949 or earlier.<br />This person has never worked.<br /><br /><span class="em">or </span><br /><br />[] 2. On active duty in the Armed Forces now <br /><br /><span class="em">or</span> <br /><br />[] 3. Worked in 1950 or later (Answer a to e, below.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Describe this person's job or business last week, if any, and write in name of employer. If this person had no job or business last week, give information for last job or business since 1950.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3"><span class="em">a. For whom did he work? </span><br /><br />_____<br />(Name of company, business, organization, or other employer) <br /><br /><span class="em">b. What kind of business or industry was this? </span><br />Describe activity at location where employed. <br /><br />_____<br />(For example: County junior high school, auto assembly plant, TV and radio service, retail supermarket, road construction, farm) <br /><br /><span class="em">c. Is this primarily: </span><br /><br />[] Manufacturing<br />[] Wholesale trade <br />[] Retail trade <br />[] Other (services, agriculture, government, construction, etc.) <br /><br /><span class="em">d. What kind of work was he doing? </span><br /><br />_____<br />(For example: 8th grade English teacher, paint sprayer, repairs TV sets, grocery checker, civil engineer, farmer, farm hand) <br /><br /><span class="em">e. Was this person: (Check one box) </span><br /><br />[] Employee of private company, business, or individual, for wages, salary, or commissions <br />[] Government employee (Federal, State, county, or local)<br />[] Self-employed in own business, professional practice, or farm <br />[] Working without pay in a family business or farm</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the past 10 years [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Self-employed 22 Wage/salary, private 24 Wage/salary, government 29 Unpaid family worker This variable indicates whether respondents worked for their own enterprise(s) or for someone else as employees. Workers with multiple sources of employment were classified according to the work relationship in which they spent the most time during the reference day or week. IPUMS Weeks worked last year, intervalled <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A455"><span class="em">P31. How many weeks did he work in 1959, either full-time or part-time? Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military service as weeks worked (If exact figure not known, give best estimate) </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 13 weeks or less<br />[] 14 to 26 weeks<br />[] 27 to 39 weeks<br />[] 40 to 47 weeks<br />[] 48 to 49 weeks<br />[] 50 to 52 weeks</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+, worked last year [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 1-13 2 14 -26 3 27 -39 4 40 -47 5 48 -49 6 50 -52 This variable indicates the number of weeks that the respondent worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Hours worked last week, intervalled <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A457"><div class="i2"><span class="em">[If Yes] P23. How many hours did he work last week at all jobs? </span>(If exact figure not known, give best estimate)</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">[] 1 to 14 hours<br />[] 15 to 29 hours<br />[] 30 to 34 hours<br />[] 35 to 39 hours<br />[] 40 hours<br />[] 41 to 48 hours<br />[] 49 to 59 hours<br />[] 60 hours or more</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+, at work last week [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 -14 hours 2 15 -29 hours 3 30 -34 hours 4 35 -39 hours 5 40 hours 6 41 -48 hours 7 49 -59 hours 8 60 hours This variable indicates the total number of hours the respondent was at work during the previous week. IPUMS Year last worked <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A459"><span class="em">P26. When did he last work at all, even for a few days? </span><br /><div class="i1">(Check one box)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Working now<br />[] In 1960<br />[] In 1959<br />[] 1955 to 1958<br />[] 1950 to 1954<br />[] 1949 or earlier<br />[] Never worked</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who did not work last week and reported; not in armed forces [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Worked current year 20 Worked previous year 32 Worked 2 -5 years ago 35 Worked 6 -10 years ago 40 Worked more than 10 years ago 50 Never worked This variable indicates the year in which the respondent last worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker. (This includes military service, though current members of the armed forces were not to answer the question.) IPUMS Worked last year <svar a="all" v="US60A461"><span class="em">P30. Last year (1959), did this person work at all, even for a few days? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes This variable indicates whether the person had worked at all for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Total personal income <svar a="all" v="US60A463 US60A464"><span class="em">P32. How much did this person earn in 1959 in wages, salary, commissions, or tips from all jobs? </span><br /><div class="i1">Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items. <br />(Enter amount or check "None." If exact figure not known, give best estimate.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">(Dollars only) $ ____.00 or</div><br /><div class="i2">[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US60A021 US60A466" v="US60A021 US60A463 US60A466"><span class="em">P33. How much did he earn in 1959 in profits or fees from working in his own business, professional practice, partnership, or farm? </span><br /><div class="i1">Net income after business expenses. (Enter amount or check "None." If exact figure not known, give lest estimate. If business or farm lost money, write "Loss" after amount.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">(Dollars only) $_____ .00 or <br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US60A468" v="US60A463 US60A468"><span class="em">P34. Last year (1959), did this person receive any income from: </span><br /><div class="i1">Social security <br /> Pensions <br /> Veteran's payments <br /> Rent (minus expenses) <br /> Interest or dividends <br /> Unemployment insurance <br /> Welfare payments <br /> Any other source not already entered</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2"><span class="em"> [If Yes] What is the amount he received from these sources in 1959?</span> (If exact figure not known, give best estimate.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">$ (Dollars only) _____.00</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each respondent's total pre-tax personal income or losses from all sources for the previous year. US60A463 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes-9900 = loss of 9900 or more. 0 = None. 25000 = 25000+. 999999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,900. Top codes:Topcode is $25,000. IPUMS Wage and salary income <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A463 US60A464"><span class="em">P32. How much did this person earn in 1959 in wages, salary, commissions, or tips from all jobs? </span><br /><div class="i1">Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items. <br />(Enter amount or check "None." If exact figure not known, give best estimate.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">(Dollars only) $ ____.00 or</div><br /><div class="i2">[] None</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each respondent's total pre-tax wage and salary income -that is, money received as an employee - for the previous year. US60A464 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes25000 = 25000+. 99999 = NIU. Top codes:Topcode is $25,000. IPUMS Poverty status (family income as a % of poverty threshold) United States 1960: Persons in private dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the household's total income for the previous year as a percentage of the poverty thresholds established by the Social Security Administration in 1964 and subsequently revised in 1980, adjusted for inflation. US60A465 is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Business and farm income <svar a="US60A021 US60A466" v="US60A021 US60A463 US60A466"><span class="em">P33. How much did he earn in 1959 in profits or fees from working in his own business, professional practice, partnership, or farm? </span><br /><div class="i1">Net income after business expenses. (Enter amount or check "None." If exact figure not known, give lest estimate. If business or farm lost money, write "Loss" after amount.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">(Dollars only) $_____ .00 or <br />[] None</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the respondent's net pre-income-tax business, professional practice, and farm income for the previous calendar year. This is the amount earned after subtracting business expenses from gross receipts. US60A466 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes-9900 = loss of 9900 or more. 25000 = 25000 or more. 99999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,900. Top codes:Topcode is $25,000. IPUMS Other income <svar a="US60A468" v="US60A463 US60A468"><span class="em">P34. Last year (1959), did this person receive any income from: </span><br /><div class="i1">Social security <br /> Pensions <br /> Veteran's payments <br /> Rent (minus expenses) <br /> Interest or dividends <br /> Unemployment insurance <br /> Welfare payments <br /> Any other source not already entered</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2"><span class="em"> [If Yes] What is the amount he received from these sources in 1959?</span> (If exact figure not known, give best estimate.)</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">$ (Dollars only) _____.00</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This residual variable indicates how much of each respondent's total money income (or losses), as recorded in the IPUMS variable total income, came from sources not included in the other IPUMS person-record income variables. US60A468 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes25000 = 25000+. 99999 = NIU. Top codes:Topcode is $25,000. IPUMS Migration status, 5 years <svar a="all" v="US60A469 US60A471"><span class="em">P13. Did he live in this house on April 1, 1955? </span><br /><div class="i1">(Answer 1, 2, or 3)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] 1. Born April 1955 or later<br />or <br />[] 2. Yes, this house<br />or <br />[] 3. No, different house:</div><br /><div class="i3"><span class="em">Where did he live on April 1, 1955? </span> <br /><br />a. _____ City or town <br /><br />b. If city or town - Did he live inside the city limits?<br /><br />[] Yes<br />[] No<br /><br />c. _____ County and <br />_____ State, foreign country, U.S. possession, etc.</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 5+ who reported [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 Same house 2 Moved within county 3 Moved within state, between counties 4 Moved between states 5 Abroad five years ago This variable indicates the place of residence 5 years ago. IPUMS Metropolitan status 5 years ago <svar a="all" v="US60A469 US60A471"><span class="em">P13. Did he live in this house on April 1, 1955? </span><br /><div class="i1">(Answer 1, 2, or 3)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] 1. Born April 1955 or later<br />or <br />[] 2. Yes, this house<br />or <br />[] 3. No, different house:</div><br /><div class="i3"><span class="em">Where did he live on April 1, 1955? </span> <br /><br />a. _____ City or town <br /><br />b. If city or town - Did he live inside the city limits?<br /><br />[] Yes<br />[] No<br /><br />c. _____ County and <br />_____ State, foreign country, U.S. possession, etc.</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 5+, residence in 1955 not known [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not in a metro area 2 In a metro area, central city status unknown 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether the respondent lived in a metropolitan area five years ago. IPUMS Year occupant moved into residence <svar a="all" v="US60A473"><span class="em">P12. When did this person move into this house (or apartment)? </span><br /><div class="i1">(Check date of last move)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] In 1959 or 1960<br />[] In 1958<br />[] In 1957<br />[] April 1955 to Dec. 1956<br />[] Jan. 1954 to March 1955<br />[] 1950 to 1953<br />[] 1940 to 1949<br />[] 1939 or earlier<br />[] Always lived here</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons in private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 This year or last year 2 2 years ago 3 3 4 4-6 5 7-10 6 11-20 7 21+ 9 Always lived here This variable indicates the number of years ago that each person moved into the dwelling unit (apartment, house, or mobile home). IPUMS Place of work metropolitan status <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A475 US60A476"><span class="em">If this person worked last week, answer questions P28 and P29. </span><br /><br /><span class="em">P28. What city and county did he work in last week? </span><br /><div class="i1">If he worked in more than one city or county, give place where he worked most last week.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">a. City or town</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">b. If city or town - <span class="em">Did he work inside the city limits?</span></div><br /><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">c. _____ County <br />_____State</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who worked last week, including armed forces at work [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 In central city 2 Not central city 3 Outside metropolitan area, abroad, or not repor This variable indicates whether respondents who worked last week worked primarily within a metropolitan area (codes 1-4), and, if so, whether they worked within a metropolitan central city (codes 1-3). A metropolitan area includes a large city (the "central city") and surrounding counties that are economically integrated with that city. IPUMS Place of work state, 1960 and 1970 <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A475 US60A476"><span class="em">If this person worked last week, answer questions P28 and P29. </span><br /><br /><span class="em">P28. What city and county did he work in last week? </span><br /><div class="i1">If he worked in more than one city or county, give place where he worked most last week.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">a. City or town</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">b. If city or town - <span class="em">Did he work inside the city limits?</span></div><br /><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">c. _____ County <br />_____State</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who worked last week, including armed forces at work [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Same state 2 Contiguous state 3 Noncontiguous state 9 Not reported or abroad This variable indicates whether persons who worked at all last week worked primarily in 1) the state in which they lived, 2) a contiguous state, or 3) a non-contiguous state. IPUMS Veteran status <svar a="all" v="US60A478 US60A479 US60A481 US60A482 US60A483"><span class="em">P35. If this is a man - Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">[If Yes] Was it during</span>:<br />(Check one box on each line)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955).</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Any other time, including present service</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Males age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No Service 2 Yes This variable indicates whether the person was a war veteran or not. IPUMS Veteran, served during World War I era (April 1917 to November 1918) <svar a="all" v="US60A478 US60A479 US60A481 US60A482 US60A483"><span class="em">P35. If this is a man - Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">[If Yes] Was it during</span>:<br />(Check one box on each line)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955).</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Any other time, including present service</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Males age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No Service 2 Yes This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the World War I era (between April, 1917 and November, 1918). IPUMS Veteran, served during Korean conflict era (June 1950 to January 1955 ) <svar a="all" v="US60A478 US60A479 US60A481 US60A482 US60A483"><span class="em">P35. If this is a man - Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">[If Yes] Was it during</span>:<br />(Check one box on each line)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955).</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Any other time, including present service</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Males age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No Service 2 Yes This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the Korean conflict era (between June, 1950 and January, 1955). IPUMS Veteran, served during World War II era (September 1940 to July 1947 ) <svar a="all" v="US60A478 US60A479 US60A481 US60A482 US60A483"><span class="em">P35. If this is a man - Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">[If Yes] Was it during</span>:<br />(Check one box on each line)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955).</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Any other time, including present service</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Males age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No Service 2 Yes This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the World War II era (between September, 1940 and July, 1947 for all samples except the 2003 ACS, which defines the World War II era as December, 1941 through December, 1946). IPUMS Veteran of other period <svar a="all" v="US60A478 US60A479 US60A481 US60A482 US60A483"><span class="em">P35. If this is a man - Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i1"><span class="em">[If Yes] Was it during</span>:<br />(Check one box on each line)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955).</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Any other time, including present service</div><br /><div class="i3">[] Yes <br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Males age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No Service 2 Yes This variable indicates if the respondent was engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during periods of service not identified in other variables. It includes those on active duty in the United States Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard during a given period, and it excludes those in the National Guard and military Reserves, unless they were called to active duty. IPUMS Means of transportation to work <svar v="US60A445 US60A446 US60A447 US60A448 US60A451 US60A452 US60A453 US60A457 US60A459 US60A475 US60A476 US60A484 US60A451 US60A455 US60A464"><span class="em">P21. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1946</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1946 or later</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.<br />Space for any notes about the entries for this person.</div><br /><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US60A484"><span class="em">P29. How did he get to work last week? </span><br /><div class="i1">(Check one box for principal means used last week)</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Railroad<br />[] Taxicab<br />[] Walk only<br />[] Subway or elevated<br />[] Private auto or car pool<br />[] Worked at home <br />[] Bus or street car<br />[] Other means - Write in:</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: Persons age 14+ who worked last week [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Auto 2 Bus or streetcar 3 Subway or elevated 4 Railroad 5 Taxicab 6 Walked only 7 Other 8 Worked at home 9 Unknown This variable indicates the respondent's primary means of transportation to work over the course of the previous week. The primary means of transportation was that used on the most days or to cover the greatest distance. IPUMS Quarter of birth <svar a="all" v="US60A424 US60A486"><span class="em">P6. When was this person born? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____Month <br />_____Year</div><br /></svar> United States 1960: All persons 1 January-February-March 2 April-May-June 3 July-August-September 4 October-November-December This variable indicates the respondent's quarter of birth (January-March, April-June, July-September, October-December). IPUMS Flag for age at first marriage United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable indicates a flag for age at first marriage. IPUMS Flag for age United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for age. IPUMS Flag for birthplace United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for birthplace. IPUMS Flag for children ever born United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated, original entry failed edit This variable is a data quality flag for children ever born. IPUMS Flag for father's birthplace United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for father's birthplace. IPUMS Flag for employment status United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for employment status. IPUMS Flag for total personal income United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for total personal income. IPUMS Flag for hours worked last week, intervalled United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for hours worked-categorized. IPUMS Flag for mother's birthplace United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for mother's birthplace. IPUMS Flag for mother tongue United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for mother tongue. IPUMS Flag for public or private school United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for type of school attended. IPUMS Flag for school attendence United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for school attendance. IPUMS Flag for veteran status United States 1960: All persons Original entry or Inapplicable (not in universe) 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for veteran status. IPUMS Flag for worked last year United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable indicates data quality of the variable worked last year. IPUMS Flag for year last worked United States 1960: All persons Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable indicate a data quality flag for year last worked. IPUMS