DDI_USA_1970_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS 1970 Census of Population and Housing IPUMS May 20, 2024 NADA Version 7.5 October 2024. NEW FEATURES. --Historical data from NAPP project now available from IPUMS-International. --Historical census data from Canada, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States for the period 1703 to 1911 are now available from IPUMS-International. The complete count and sample datasets were previously disseminated by the North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP). Where possible, the data have been integrated into existing IPUMS-International variable coding schema. Some new variables have been created that are available only for these pre-1960 datasets. NAPP data users should note that many NAPP variables are available from IPUMS-International by different names. For a complete list of NAPP variables that have been renamed in IPUMS-Interational, refer to the crosswalk. --Individual country shapefiles for the third-level administrative level of geography are now available for a few IPUMS samples. --New spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS now hosts the Census Mosaic data collection. Census Mosaic identifies, gathers, harmonizes, and distributes surviving historical census microdata from regions of Continental Europe where complete centralized records are not available. The Mosaic project was founded by a consortium of historical social scientists in Europe. Data can be downloaded as static files from the Census Mosaic website. Although the data are not yet integrated fully into IPUMS International, variables have been standardized and harmonized to be roughly compatible with IPUMS coding structures. NEW SAMPLES. --Full-count datasets for Great Britain 1851, 1861, 1871 (Scotland only), 1891, and 1901. --Full-count dataset for Sweden 1910. Denmark (1845, 1880, and 1885) --Labor force surveys from Spain and eight new labor force surveys from Italy added to the series. Newly added countries: Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, Laos, Lesotho, Mauritius, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Slovak Republic, Suriname, Togo, and Zimbabwe New samples for: Bolivia, Cambodia, Cambodia, Chile, Cuba, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt (1848 and 1868, historical samples), Fiji, Guinea, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lao PDR, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, United States, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe SUPPLEMENTAL DATA. Data from censuses from Benin and Lesotho that record individual fertility and/or mortality events were made available in IPUMS-International. These files can be downloaded and linked to data produced by the extract system. NEW VARIABLES. --IPUMS-International now provides harmonized and year-specific geography variables for all countries including 13 new samples from Dominican Republic, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palestine, Paraguay, Thailand, United Kingdom, and Uruguay. First-level and second-level year specific geography variables are also available for all countries. IPUMS provides corresponding, downloadable GIS boundary files for all harmonized and year specific geography variables. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography. The codes for the spatially harmonized previous-residence variables match the spatially harmonized place of current residence. More information is available here. --IPUMS International provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples; previously available country-specific migration variables at the first administrative level that were not fully harmonized spatially have been phased out. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for selected samples. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --Lower (third) level geography codes and GIS files have been added for Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Mali, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. Some geography codes and labels might have changed for these countries to accommodate the newer lower level geography. --Added more detailed 3-digit industry and occupation variables for China 2000. EDITED SAMPLES. --Revised full-count data for Great Britain 1881 --Revised full-count datasets for Sweden 1890 and 1900. The revision includes the following changes that improve comparability across Sweden datasets: --Revisions to certain ethnicity and work variables (and the underlying source data): ORIGIN, LABFORCE, OCCHISCO, OCRELATE, OCSTATUS. --Revisions to unharmonized source variables: SE1890A_HISCOSE, SE1890A_HISCRELSE, SE1890A_HISCSTATSE, SE1890A_OCCMULTISE, SE1900A_HISCOSE, SE1900A_HISCRELSE, SE1900A_HISCSTATSE, SE1900A_OCCMULTISE. --A new United States 1850 full-count dataset now matches the corresponding dataset distributed by the USA IPUMS data project. The source variable US1850A_0502 (HISTID) provides a linking key to match person records to the USA version of the data. The IPUMS International version of the data contains names, which the USA version cannot distribute. EDITED VARIABLES. An error affecting HHWT for South Africa 2007 was corrected. The existing values were adjusted by a factor of 0.01. AGEMARR was edited to add data for Hungary 1980 and 1990. Harmonized and year-specific geography variables for Brazil and Colombia have been edited to accommodate for the availability of refined municipal boundaries. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these two countries. Errors affecting BPLSE2 (formerly BPLPARSE) for Sweden 1890 and the underlying source variable were corrected. Several thousand cases were incorrectly coded as 258101000. These cases have been updated with the correct code: 258171000. Harmonized geography variables for Italy, Philippines, Rwanda, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. The codes for the source variable RW2002A_0419 were corrected to include 0 and 8 as possible responses, which were previously identified as 'unknown years' within primary education. Errors affecting EDUCFJ for Fiji 2006 were corrected. A problem with PERWT for Tanzania 2012 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. MOMLOC, POPLOC, and PARRULE were updated for the United States 2010 and 2015 samples to include additional information on subfamilies. Prior to this correction, persons above age 17 were not receiving links to their co-resident mothers and fathers. An error affecting codes for the URBAN variable in Egypt 1986 for Cairo, Alexandria, Port-Said, and Suez was corrected. An error in INCEARN affecting Venezuela 2001 was corrected. Earned income in the source variable VE2001A_0440 is interpreted as a monthly amount, thus adjustments previously applied to convert data from daily or weekly income were supressed. All the six Brazil samples in IPUMS International were replaced with higher density samples. An edited version of the Chile 2017 sample was introduced to correct an error in household breaks. Errors affecting codes for GEO1_ZA in South Africa 2011 and ENUTS1 in United Kingdom 1991 were corrected. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Fiji, and Nepal have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in PERWT affecting Nepal 2001 was corrected. Errors affecting a code in GQ for Brazil 2010 and Indonesia 2010 were corrected. Both census samples now identify 1-person units created by splitting a large household. An error in MARRNUM affecting Indonesia 1976 was corrected. Some codes for GEO1_EG2006 and GEO2_EG2006 were edited. Harmonized geography variables for Bolivia, Cuba, Guinea, Ireland, Morocco, Palestine, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in INCEARN affecting Brazil 1980 was corrected. An error in EDATTAIN affecting Ireland 1971 and 1981 was corrected. A small proportion of person records in Mexico 1960 were re-classified in MIGRATEP based on information about their current and previous residence. These were previously coded to 'different major administrative unit', even though their place of residence suggests that their last move was within the same major administrative unit. The second-level technician (higher) degrees for Spain 1991, 2001, and 2011 were re-classified into post-secondary technical education in EDATTAIN. An error affecting codes for SEX for Egypt 1848 and 1868 was corrected. The values for male and female had been reversed. A problem with HHWT and PERWT for Canada 2011 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mexico, Peru, Switzerland, Vietnam, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. Harmonized geography variables for Chile and Sierra Leone have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error affecting codes for COMPUTER for Senegal 2013 was corrected. An error affecting labels available in IND for Peru 1993 was corrected. An error affecting codes for persons previously residing abroad for MIG1_5_BO in Bolivia 2001 and 2012 was corrected. EDUCAR, EDATTAIN, and YRSCHOOL were adjusted in the Argentina samples to incorporate information on completion of education levels in the data harmonization. HHWT and PERWT were calibrated in Kenya 1979 to properly reflect the population distribution by province. In GQ (group quarters status), persons residing in hospitals of all types were reclassified to 'institutional group quarters' from 'other group quarters,' making their treatment consistent with GQTYPE. Errors affecting codes for BPLBJ2 in Benin 1979, 1992, and 2002 were corrected. Errors affecting codes for GEO2_BR1970 in Brazil 1970 were corrected. 1970 Census of Population and Housing - IPUMS Subset PHC United States 1970 (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) USA_1970_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS U.S. Census Bureau IPUMS (c) Copyright 1970, U.S. Census Bureau and Minnesota Population Center MetadataEditor U.S. Census Bureau Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] IPUMS International Version 7.5. The datasets contain selected variables from the original census microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database. Demographic Variables -- PERSON Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Education Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Income Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Migration: O-Z Variables -- PERSON Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Imputation Flags Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Demographic Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Income Variables -- PERSON Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON Other Person Variables -- PERSON Person Imputation Flags Variables -- PERSON United States Metropolitan areas and county groups with 250,000+ residents Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] Face-to-face [f2f] IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record. U.S. Census Bureau USA1970_PHC-H-H.dat Household records 744475 USA1970_PHC-P-H.dat Person records 2029666 Record type H Household P Person RECTYPE identifies the type of record for the case: household or person. NOTE: RECTYPE is an alphabetic (character string) variable with a value of 'H' for household records and 'P' for person records. RECTYPE will not appear as a variable in the default rectangular extracts produced by the data extract system. It is only available in hierarchical extracts, to distinguish between the two record types. IPUMS Country 032 Argentina 051 Armenia 040 Austria 050 Bangladesh 112 Belarus 204 Benin 068 Bolivia 072 Botswana 076 Brazil 854 Burkina Faso 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 124 Canada 152 Chile 156 China 170 Colombia 188 Costa Rica 192 Cuba 208 Denmark 214 Dominican Republic 218 Ecuador 818 Egypt 222 El Salvador 231 Ethiopia 242 Fiji 246 Finland 250 France 276 Germany 288 Ghana 300 Greece 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 332 Haiti 340 Honduras 348 Hungary 352 Iceland 356 India 360 Indonesia 364 Iran 368 Iraq 372 Ireland 376 Israel 380 Italy 384 Ivory Coast 388 Jamaica 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 417 Kyrgyz Republic 418 Laos 426 Lesotho 430 Liberia 454 Malawi 458 Malaysia 466 Mali 480 Mauritius 484 Mexico 496 Mongolia 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 104 Myanmar 524 Nepal 528 Netherlands 558 Nicaragua 566 Nigeria 578 Norway 586 Pakistan 275 Palestine 591 Panama 598 Papua New Guinea 600 Paraguay 604 Peru 608 Philippines 616 Poland 620 Portugal 630 Puerto Rico 642 Romania 643 Russia 646 Rwanda 662 Saint Lucia 686 Senegal 694 Sierra Leone 703 Slovak Republic 705 Slovenia 710 South Africa 728 South Sudan 724 Spain 729 Sudan 740 Suriname 752 Sweden 756 Switzerland 834 Tanzania 764 Thailand 768 Togo 780 Trinidad and Tobago 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 804 Ukraine 826 United Kingdom 840 United States 858 Uruguay 862 Venezuela 704 Vietnam 894 Zambia 716 Zimbabwe COUNTRY gives the country from which the sample was drawn. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year 1703 1703 1729 1729 1787 1787 1801 1801 1819 1819 1845 1845 1848 1848 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1860 1860 1861 1861 1865 1865 1868 1868 1870 1870 1871 1871 1875 1875 1880 1880 1881 1881 1885 1885 1890 1890 1891 1891 1900 1900 1901 1901 1910 1910 1911 1911 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1966 1966 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 YEAR gives the year in which the census or survey was taken. For samples that span years, the midpoint or first year of the interval is reported. IPUMS IPUMS sample identifier 032197001 Argentina 1970 032198001 Argentina 1980 032199101 Argentina 1991 032200101 Argentina 2001 032201001 Argentina 2010 051200101 Armenia 2001 051201101 Armenia 2011 040197101 Austria 1971 040198101 Austria 1981 040199101 Austria 1991 040200101 Austria 2001 040201101 Austria 2011 050199101 Bangladesh 1991 050200101 Bangladesh 2001 050201101 Bangladesh 2011 112199901 Belarus 1999 112200901 Belarus 2009 204197901 Benin 1979 204199201 Benin 1992 204200201 Benin 2002 204201301 Benin 2013 068197601 Bolivia 1976 068199201 Bolivia 1992 068200101 Bolivia 2001 068201201 Bolivia 2012 072198101 Botswana 1981 072199101 Botswana 1991 072200101 Botswana 2001 072201101 Botswana 2011 076196001 Brazil 1960 076197001 Brazil 1970 076198001 Brazil 1980 076199101 Brazil 1991 076200001 Brazil 2000 076201001 Brazil 2010 854198501 Burkina Faso 1985 854199601 Burkina Faso 1996 854200601 Burkina Faso 2006 116199801 Cambodia 1998 116200401 Cambodia 2004 116200801 Cambodia 2008 116201301 Cambodia 2013 116201901 Cambodia 2019 120197601 Cameroon 1976 120198701 Cameroon 1987 120200501 Cameroon 2005 124185201 Canada 1852 124187101 Canada 1871 124188101 Canada 1881 124189101 Canada 1891 124190101 Canada 1901 124191101 Canada 1911 124197101 Canada 1971 124198101 Canada 1981 124199101 Canada 1991 124200101 Canada 2001 124201101 Canada 2011 152196001 Chile 1960 152197001 Chile 1970 152198201 Chile 1982 152199201 Chile 1992 152200201 Chile 2002 152201701 Chile 2017 156198201 China 1982 156199001 China 1990 156200001 China 2000 170196401 Colombia 1964 170197301 Colombia 1973 170198501 Colombia 1985 170199301 Colombia 1993 170200501 Colombia 2005 188196301 Costa Rica 1963 188197301 Costa Rica 1973 188198401 Costa Rica 1984 188200001 Costa Rica 2000 188201101 Costa Rica 2011 192200201 Cuba 2002 192201201 Cuba 2012 208178701 Denmark 1787 208180101 Denmark 1801 208184501 Denmark 1845 208188001 Denmark 1880 208188501 Denmark 1885 214196001 Dominican Republic 1960 214197001 Dominican Republic 1970 214198101 Dominican Republic 1981 214200201 Dominican Republic 2002 214201001 Dominican Republic 2010 218196201 Ecuador 1962 218197401 Ecuador 1974 218198201 Ecuador 1982 218199001 Ecuador 1990 218200101 Ecuador 2001 218201001 Ecuador 2010 818184801 Egypt 1848 818186801 Egypt 1868 818198601 Egypt 1986 818199601 Egypt 1996 818200601 Egypt 2006 222199201 El Salvador 1992 222200701 El Salvador 2007 231198401 Ethiopia 1984 231199401 Ethiopia 1994 231200701 Ethiopia 2007 242196601 Fiji 1966 242197601 Fiji 1976 242198601 Fiji 1986 242199601 Fiji 1996 242200701 Fiji 2007 242201401 Fiji 2014 246201001 Finland 2010 250196201 France 1962 250196801 France 1968 250197501 France 1975 250198201 France 1982 250199001 France 1990 250199901 France 1999 250200601 France 2006 250201101 France 2011 276181901 Germany 1819 (Mecklenburg) 276197001 Germany 1970 (West) 276197101 Germany 1971 (East) 276198101 Germany 1981 (East) 276198701 Germany 1987 (West) 288198401 Ghana 1984 288200001 Ghana 2000 288201001 Ghana 2010 300197101 Greece 1971 300198101 Greece 1981 300199101 Greece 1991 300200101 Greece 2001 300201101 Greece 2011 320196401 Guatemala 1964 320197301 Guatemala 1973 320198101 Guatemala 1981 320199401 Guatemala 1994 320200201 Guatemala 2002 324198301 Guinea 1983 324199601 Guinea 1996 324201401 Guinea 2014 332197101 Haiti 1971 332198201 Haiti 1982 332200301 Haiti 2003 340196101 Honduras 1961 340197401 Honduras 1974 340198801 Honduras 1988 340200101 Honduras 2001 348197001 Hungary 1970 348198001 Hungary 1980 348199001 Hungary 1990 348200101 Hungary 2001 348201101 Hungary 2011 352170301 Iceland 1703 352172901 Iceland 1729 352180101 Iceland 1801 352190101 Iceland 1901 352191001 Iceland 1910 356198341 India 1983 356198741 India 1987 356199341 India 1993 356199941 India 1999 356200441 India 2004 356200941 India 2009 360197101 Indonesia 1971 360197601 Indonesia 1976 360198001 Indonesia 1980 360198501 Indonesia 1985 360199001 Indonesia 1990 360199501 Indonesia 1995 360200001 Indonesia 2000 360200501 Indonesia 2005 360201001 Indonesia 2010 364200601 Iran 2006 364201101 Iran 2011 368199701 Iraq 1997 372190101 Ireland 1901 372191101 Ireland 1911 372197101 Ireland 1971 372197901 Ireland 1979 372198101 Ireland 1981 372198601 Ireland 1986 372199101 Ireland 1991 372199601 Ireland 1996 372200201 Ireland 2002 372200601 Ireland 2006 372201101 Ireland 2011 372201601 Ireland 2016 376197201 Israel 1972 376198301 Israel 1983 376199501 Israel 1995 376200801 Israel 2008 380200101 Italy 2001 380201101 Italy 2011 380201121 Italy 2011 Q1 LFS 380201221 Italy 2012 Q1 LFS 380201321 Italy 2013 Q1 LFS 380201421 Italy 2014 Q1 LFS 380201521 Italy 2015 Q1 LFS 380201621 Italy 2016 Q1 LFS 380201721 Italy 2017 Q1 LFS 380201821 Italy 2018 Q1 LFS 380201921 Italy 2019 Q1 LFS 380202021 Italy 2020 Q1 LFS 384198801 Ivory Coast 1988 384199801 Ivory Coast 1998 388198201 Jamaica 1982 388199101 Jamaica 1991 388200101 Jamaica 2001 400200401 Jordan 2004 404196901 Kenya 1969 404197901 Kenya 1979 404198901 Kenya 1989 404199901 Kenya 1999 404200901 Kenya 2009 417199901 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 417200901 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 418199501 Laos 1995 418200501 Laos 2005 418201501 Laos 2015 426199601 Lesotho 1996 426200601 Lesotho 2006 430197401 Liberia 1974 430200801 Liberia 2008 454198701 Malawi 1987 454199801 Malawi 1998 454200801 Malawi 2008 458197001 Malaysia 1970 458198001 Malaysia 1980 458199101 Malaysia 1991 458200001 Malaysia 2000 466198701 Mali 1987 466199801 Mali 1998 466200901 Mali 2009 480199001 Mauritius 1990 480200001 Mauritius 2000 480201101 Mauritius 2011 484196001 Mexico 1960 484197001 Mexico 1970 484199001 Mexico 1990 484199501 Mexico 1995 484200001 Mexico 2000 484200501 Mexico 2005 484201001 Mexico 2010 484201501 Mexico 2015 484202001 Mexico 2020 484200521 Mexico 2005 Q1 LFS 484200522 Mexico 2005 Q2 LFS 484200523 Mexico 2005 Q3 LFS 484200524 Mexico 2005 Q4 LFS 484200621 Mexico 2006 Q1 LFS 484200622 Mexico 2006 Q2 LFS 484200623 Mexico 2006 Q3 LFS 484200624 Mexico 2006 Q4 LFS 484200721 Mexico 2007 Q1 LFS 484200722 Mexico 2007 Q2 LFS 484200723 Mexico 2007 Q3 LFS 484200724 Mexico 2007 Q4 LFS 484200821 Mexico 2008 Q1 LFS 484200822 Mexico 2008 Q2 LFS 484200823 Mexico 2008 Q3 LFS 484200824 Mexico 2008 Q4 LFS 484200921 Mexico 2009 Q1 LFS 484200922 Mexico 2009 Q2 LFS 484200923 Mexico 2009 Q3 LFS 484200924 Mexico 2009 Q4 LFS 484201021 Mexico 2010 Q1 LFS 484201022 Mexico 2010 Q2 LFS 484201023 Mexico 2010 Q3 LFS 484201024 Mexico 2010 Q4 LFS 484201121 Mexico 2011 Q1 LFS 484201122 Mexico 2011 Q2 LFS 484201123 Mexico 2011 Q3 LFS 484201124 Mexico 2011 Q4 LFS 484201221 Mexico 2012 Q1 LFS 484201222 Mexico 2012 Q2 LFS 484201223 Mexico 2012 Q3 LFS 484201224 Mexico 2012 Q4 LFS 484201321 Mexico 2013 Q1 LFS 484201322 Mexico 2013 Q2 LFS 484201323 Mexico 2013 Q3 LFS 484201324 Mexico 2013 Q4 LFS 484201421 Mexico 2014 Q1 LFS 484201422 Mexico 2014 Q2 LFS 484201423 Mexico 2014 Q3 LFS 484201424 Mexico 2014 Q4 LFS 484201521 Mexico 2015 Q1 LFS 484201522 Mexico 2015 Q2 LFS 484201523 Mexico 2015 Q3 LFS 484201524 Mexico 2015 Q4 LFS 484201621 Mexico 2016 Q1 LFS 484201622 Mexico 2016 Q2 LFS 484201623 Mexico 2016 Q3 LFS 484201624 Mexico 2016 Q4 LFS 484201721 Mexico 2017 Q1 LFS 484201722 Mexico 2017 Q2 LFS 484201723 Mexico 2017 Q3 LFS 484201724 Mexico 2017 Q4 LFS 484201821 Mexico 2018 Q1 LFS 484201822 Mexico 2018 Q2 LFS 484201823 Mexico 2018 Q3 LFS 484201824 Mexico 2018 Q4 LFS 484201921 Mexico 2019 Q1 LFS 484201922 Mexico 2019 Q2 LFS 484201923 Mexico 2019 Q3 LFS 484201924 Mexico 2019 Q4 LFS 484202021 Mexico 2020 Q1 LFS 484202023 Mexico 2020 Q3 LFS 496198901 Mongolia 1989 496200001 Mongolia 2000 504198201 Morocco 1982 504199401 Morocco 1994 504200401 Morocco 2004 504201401 Morocco 2014 508199701 Mozambique 1997 508200701 Mozambique 2007 104201401 Myanmar 2014 524200101 Nepal 2001 524201101 Nepal 2011 528196001 Netherlands 1960 528197101 Netherlands 1971 528200101 Netherlands 2001 528201101 Netherlands 2011 558197101 Nicaragua 1971 558199501 Nicaragua 1995 558200501 Nicaragua 2005 566200621 Nigeria 2006 566200721 Nigeria 2007 566200821 Nigeria 2008 566200921 Nigeria 2009 566201021 Nigeria 2010 578180101 Norway 1801 578186501 Norway 1865 578187501 Norway 1875 578190001 Norway 1900 578191001 Norway 1910 586197301 Pakistan 1973 586198101 Pakistan 1981 586199801 Pakistan 1998 275199701 Palestine 1997 275200701 Palestine 2007 275201701 Palestine 2017 591196001 Panama 1960 591197001 Panama 1970 591198001 Panama 1980 591199001 Panama 1990 591200001 Panama 2000 591201001 Panama 2010 598198001 Papua New Guinea 1980 598199001 Papua New Guinea 1990 598200001 Papua New Guinea 2000 600196201 Paraguay 1962 600197201 Paraguay 1972 600198201 Paraguay 1982 600199201 Paraguay 1992 600200201 Paraguay 2002 604199301 Peru 1993 604200701 Peru 2007 604201701 Peru 2017 608199001 Philippines 1990 608199501 Philippines 1995 608200001 Philippines 2000 608201001 Philippines 2010 616197801 Poland 1978 616198801 Poland 1988 616200201 Poland 2002 616201101 Poland 2011 620198101 Portugal 1981 620199101 Portugal 1991 620200101 Portugal 2001 620201101 Portugal 2011 630197001 Puerto Rico 1970 630198001 Puerto Rico 1980 630199001 Puerto Rico 1990 630200001 Puerto Rico 2000 630200501 Puerto Rico 2005 630201001 Puerto Rico 2010 630201501 Puerto Rico 2015 630202001 Puerto Rico 2020 642197701 Romania 1977 642199201 Romania 1992 642200201 Romania 2002 642201101 Romania 2011 643200201 Russia 2002 643201001 Russia 2010 646199101 Rwanda 1991 646200201 Rwanda 2002 646201201 Rwanda 2012 662198001 Saint Lucia 1980 662199101 Saint Lucia 1991 686198801 Senegal 1988 686200201 Senegal 2002 686201301 Senegal 2013 694200401 Sierra Leone 2004 694201501 Sierra Leone 2015 703199101 Slovak Republic 1991 703200101 Slovak Republic 2001 703201101 Slovak Republic 2011 705200201 Slovenia 2002 710199601 South Africa 1996 710200101 South Africa 2001 710200701 South Africa 2007 710201101 South Africa 2011 710201601 South Africa 2016 728200801 South Sudan 2008 724198101 Spain 1981 724199101 Spain 1991 724200101 Spain 2001 724201101 Spain 2011 724200521 Spain 2005 Q1 LFS 724200522 Spain 2005 Q2 LFS 724200523 Spain 2005 Q3 LFS 724200524 Spain 2005 Q4 LFS 724200621 Spain 2006 Q1 LFS 724200622 Spain 2006 Q2 LFS 724200623 Spain 2006 Q3 LFS 724200624 Spain 2006 Q4 LFS 724200721 Spain 2007 Q1 LFS 724200722 Spain 2007 Q2 LFS 724200723 Spain 2007 Q3 LFS 724200724 Spain 2007 Q4 LFS 724200821 Spain 2008 Q1 LFS 724200822 Spain 2008 Q2 LFS 724200823 Spain 2008 Q3 LFS 724200824 Spain 2008 Q4 LFS 724200921 Spain 2009 Q1 LFS 724200922 Spain 2009 Q2 LFS 724200923 Spain 2009 Q3 LFS 724200924 Spain 2009 Q4 LFS 724201021 Spain 2010 Q1 LFS 724201022 Spain 2010 Q2 LFS 724201023 Spain 2010 Q3 LFS 724201024 Spain 2010 Q4 LFS 724201121 Spain 2011 Q1 LFS 724201122 Spain 2011 Q2 LFS 724201123 Spain 2011 Q3 LFS 724201124 Spain 2011 Q4 LFS 724201221 Spain 2012 Q1 LFS 724201222 Spain 2012 Q2 LFS 724201223 Spain 2012 Q3 LFS 724201224 Spain 2012 Q4 LFS 724201321 Spain 2013 Q1 LFS 724201322 Spain 2013 Q2 LFS 724201323 Spain 2013 Q3 LFS 724201324 Spain 2013 Q4 LFS 724201421 Spain 2014 Q1 LFS 724201422 Spain 2014 Q2 LFS 724201423 Spain 2014 Q3 LFS 724201424 Spain 2014 Q4 LFS 724201521 Spain 2015 Q1 LFS 724201522 Spain 2015 Q2 LFS 724201523 Spain 2015 Q3 LFS 724201524 Spain 2015 Q4 LFS 724201621 Spain 2016 Q1 LFS 724201622 Spain 2016 Q2 LFS 724201623 Spain 2016 Q3 LFS 724201624 Spain 2016 Q4 LFS 724201721 Spain 2017 Q1 LFS 724201722 Spain 2017 Q2 LFS 724201723 Spain 2017 Q3 LFS 724201724 Spain 2017 Q4 LFS 724201821 Spain 2018 Q1 LFS 724201822 Spain 2018 Q2 LFS 724201823 Spain 2018 Q3 LFS 724201824 Spain 2018 Q4 LFS 724201921 Spain 2019 Q1 LFS 724201922 Spain 2019 Q2 LFS 724201923 Spain 2019 Q3 LFS 724201924 Spain 2019 Q4 LFS 724202021 Spain 2020 Q1 LFS 724202022 Spain 2020 Q2 LFS 724202023 Spain 2020 Q3 LFS 724202024 Spain 2020 Q4 LFS 729200801 Sudan 2008 740200401 Suriname 2004 740201201 Suriname 2012 752188001 Sweden 1880 752189001 Sweden 1890 752190001 Sweden 1900 752191001 Sweden 1910 756197001 Switzerland 1970 756198001 Switzerland 1980 756199001 Switzerland 1990 756200001 Switzerland 2000 756201101 Switzerland 2011 834198801 Tanzania 1988 834200201 Tanzania 2002 834201201 Tanzania 2012 764197001 Thailand 1970 764198001 Thailand 1980 764199001 Thailand 1990 764200001 Thailand 2000 768196001 Togo 1960 768197001 Togo 1970 768201001 Togo 2010 780197001 Trinidad and Tobago 1970 780198001 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 780199001 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 780200001 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 780201101 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 792198501 Turkey 1985 792199001 Turkey 1990 792200001 Turkey 2000 800199101 Uganda 1991 800200201 Uganda 2002 800201401 Uganda 2014 804200101 Ukraine 2001 826185101 United Kingdom 1851 (England and Wales) 826185102 United Kingdom 1851 (Scotland) 826185103 United Kingdom 1851 (2% sample) 826186101 United Kingdom 1861 (England and Wales) 826186102 United Kingdom 1861 (Scotland) 826187101 United Kingdom 1871 (Scotland) 826188101 United Kingdom 1881 (England and Wales) 826188102 United Kingdom 1881 (Scotland) 826189101 United Kingdom 1891 (England and Wales) 826189102 United Kingdom 1891 (Scotland) 826190101 United Kingdom 1901 (England and Wales) 826190102 United Kingdom 1901 (Scotland) 826191101 United Kingdom 1911 (England and Wales) 826196101 United Kingdom 1961 826197101 United Kingdom 1971 826199101 United Kingdom 1991 826200101 United Kingdom 2001 840185001 United States 1850 (100%) 840185002 United States 1850 (1%) 840186001 United States 1860 (1%) 840187001 United States 1870 (1%) 840188001 United States 1880 (100%) 840188002 United States 1880 (10%) 840190001 United States 1900 (5%) 840191001 United States 1910 (1%) 840196001 United States 1960 840197001 United States 1970 840198001 United States 1980 840199001 United States 1990 840200001 United States 2000 840200501 United States 2005 840201001 United States 2010 840201501 United States 2015 840202001 United States 2020 858196301 Uruguay 1963 858196302 Uruguay 1963 (full count) 858197501 Uruguay 1975 858197502 Uruguay 1975 (full count) 858198501 Uruguay 1985 858198502 Uruguay 1985 (full count) 858199601 Uruguay 1996 858199602 Uruguay 1996 (full count) 858200621 Uruguay 2006 858201101 Uruguay 2011 858201102 Uruguay 2011 (full count) 862197101 Venezuela 1971 862198101 Venezuela 1981 862199001 Venezuela 1990 862200101 Venezuela 2001 704198901 Vietnam 1989 704199901 Vietnam 1999 704200901 Vietnam 2009 704201901 Vietnam 2019 894199001 Zambia 1990 894200001 Zambia 2000 894201001 Zambia 2010 716201201 Zimbabwe 2012 SAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 9-digit code. The code is structured as follows: The first 3 digits are the ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY The next 4 digits are the year of the census/survey The final 2 digits identify the sample within the year. For the last two digits, censuses or large census-like surveys have a value "0" (e.g, 01) in the second-to-last digit, household surveys have a value of "2" (e.g., 21), and employment surveys have a value of "4" (e.g., 41). IPUMS Household serial number SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) The combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS-International database; SAMPLE, SERIAL and PERNUM uniquely identify every person in the database. SERIAL can be used to identify dwellings in some samples. In these samples, the first 7 digits of SERIAL provide the dwelling number common to all households that were sampled from the same structure. The last three digits give the sequence of the household within the dwelling. The following is a list of samples in which dwellings can be inferred: Chile 1970, 1992, 2002Colombia 1993, 2005Costa Rica 1984, 2000Cuba 2002Dominican Republic 1981, 2002, 2010Ecuador 1990, 2001Germany 1971Hungary 1980, 1990, 2001Jamaica 1982, 1991, 2001Malaysia 1970, 1991, 2000Mexico 1995, 1990, 2000, 2005Nigeria 2006Panama 2000Peru 1993, 2007Portugal 1981, 1991, 2001Spain 1991Uruguay 2011Venezuela 1990, 2001Vietnam 1989In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. SERIAL was constructed for IPUMS-International, and has no relation to the serial number in the original datasets. The U.S. 1900 sample and 1880 10% sample have multi-household dwellings that can be identified using the last 3 digits of SERIAL. SERIAL is a 10-digit numeric variable. The last 3 digits of SERIAL indicate household number within dwelling for selected samples noted in the variable description. In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. IPUMS Number of person records in the household PERSONS indicates how many person records are included in the household (i.e., the number of person records associated with the household record in the sample). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons. PERSONS is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Household weight HHWT indicates the number of households in the population represented by the household in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), HHWT must be used to yield accurate household-level statistics. NOTE: HHWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. HHWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Subsample number 00 1st 1% subsample 01 2nd 1% subsample 02 3rd 1% subsample 03 4th 1% subsample 04 5th 1% subsample 05 6th 1% subsample 06 7th 1% subsample 07 8th 1% subsample 08 9th 1% subsample 09 10th 1% subsample 10 11th 1% subsample 11 12th 1% subsample 12 13th 1% subsample 13 14th 1% subsample 14 15th 1% subsample 15 16th 1% subsample 16 17th 1% subsample 17 18th 1% subsample 18 19th 1% subsample 19 20th 1% subsample 20 21st 1% subsample 21 22nd 1% subsample 22 23rd 1% subsample 23 24th 1% subsample 24 25th 1% subsample 25 26th 1% subsample 26 27th 1% subsample 27 28th 1% subsample 28 29th 1% subsample 29 30th 1% subsample 30 31st 1% subsample 31 32nd 1% subsample 32 33rd 1% subsample 33 34th 1% subsample 34 35th 1% subsample 35 36th 1% subsample 36 37th 1% subsample 37 38th 1% subsample 38 39th 1% subsample 39 40th 1% subsample 40 41st 1% subsample 41 42nd 1% subsample 42 43rd 1% subsample 43 44th 1% subsample 44 45th 1% subsample 45 46th 1% subsample 46 47th 1% subsample 47 48th 1% subsample 48 49th 1% subsample 49 50th 1% subsample 50 51st 1% subsample 51 52nd 1% subsample 52 53rd 1% subsample 53 54th 1% subsample 54 55th 1% subsample 55 56th 1% subsample 56 57th 1% subsample 57 58th 1% subsample 58 59th 1% subsample 59 60th 1% subsample 60 61st 1% subsample 61 62nd 1% subsample 62 63rd 1% subsample 63 64th 1% subsample 64 65th 1% subsample 65 66th 1% subsample 66 67th 1% subsample 67 68th 1% subsample 68 69th 1% subsample 69 70th 1% subsample 70 71st 1% subsample 71 72nd 1% subsample 72 73rd 1% subsample 73 74th 1% subsample 74 75th 1% subsample 75 76th 1% subsample 76 77th 1% subsample 77 78th 1% subsample 78 79th 1% subsample 79 80th 1% subsample 80 81st 1% subsample 81 82nd 1% subsample 82 83rd 1% subsample 83 84th 1% subsample 84 85th 1% subsample 85 86th 1% subsample 86 87th 1% subsample 87 88th 1% subsample 88 89th 1% subsample 89 90th 1% subsample 90 91st 1% subsample 91 92nd 1% subsample 92 93rd 1% subsample 93 94th 1% subsample 94 95th 1% subsample 95 96th 1% subsample 96 97th 1% subsample 97 98th 1% subsample 98 99th 1% subsample 99 100th 1% subsample SUBSAMP allocates each case to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. Each subsample is nationally representative and preserves any stratification of the sample from which it is drawn. Users who need a representative subset of a sample can use SUBSAMP to select their cases. For example, to randomly extract 10% of the cases from a sample, select any 10 of the 100 subsamples. IPUMS Group quarters (collective dwelling) status 00 Vacant 10 Households 20 Group quarters (collective), n.s. 21 Institutions 22 Other group quarters 29 1-person unit created by splitting large household 99 Unknown/group quarters not identified GQ identifies households as vacant dwellings, group quarters, or private households. Group quarters -- collective dwellings -- are generally institutions and other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and boarding schools. Institutions often retain persons under formal supervision or custody, such as correctional institutions, military barracks, asylums, or nursing homes. Educational and religious group dwellings (e.g., boarding schools, convents, monasteries, etc.) are also included in the institutional classification. Group quarter designations are often useful for understanding the universe of households that answered questions about household characteristics. Censuses will often exclude group quarters from such questions. IPUMS Group quarters type 100 Institutional 110 Prisons, reformatories, or correctional institutions 120 Hospital, nursing home, hospice, or instutions for persons with disabilities 121 Institutions for persons with disabilities 122 Sanatorium or mental institutions 130 Homes for the elderly or orphanage 131 Retirement home 132 Orphanage, children's home 140 Shelter for homeless, youth, or others 150 Military or police institution 160 Boarding school or student housing 170 Religious institution, monastery, seminary, or convent 199 Other institutional n.e.c. 200 Non-institutional 210 Camps (refugees, workers, or others) 220 Hotel, pension, lodging, or boarding house 230 Floating population 299 Other non-institutional n.e.c. 300 Other group quarters 399 1-person unit created by splitting large household 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) GQTYPE identifies the type of group quarters -- collective dwellings -- which are broadly classified into institutional and non-institutional types. Institutions are a place of residence where people are subject to a common authority or bound by a common objective or personal interest. The definition encompasses correctional facilities, health institutions, retirement homes, orphanages, shelters (social welfare institutions), military or police establishments, boarding schools, and religious group dwellings. Non-institutional group quarters comprise refugee and workers' camps (temporary accommodation), hotels, pensions, and all types of boarding or lodging houses. The "floating population" is included as a category within the non-institutional group quarters, when identified by the corresponding sample. This group refers to outdoor sleepers, homeless persons, travelers, and persons in ships, boats, or other mobile dwellings. A more general classification of households between private and group quarters is available in GQ. IPUMS Number of unrelated persons 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9+ UNREL indicates the number of persons in the household who are unrelated to the head as defined in the variable RELATE. IPUMS Continent and region of country 11 Eastern Africa 12 Middle Africa 13 Northern Africa 14 Southern Africa 15 Western Africa 21 Caribbean 22 Central America 23 North America 24 South America 31 Central Asia 32 Eastern Asia 33 Southern Asia 34 South-Eastern Asia 35 Western Asia 41 Eastern Europe 42 Northern Europe 43 Southern Europe 44 Western Europe 51 Australia and New Zealand 52 Melanesia 53 Micronesia 54 Polynesia REGIONW identifies the continent and region of each country. IPUMS 1st subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV1 indicates the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. First administrative units in GEOLEV1 have been spatiotemporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV1 is a 6-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV1 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO1_BR. IPUMS Population density of GEOLEV1 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO1 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO1 is an 8-digit string variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. IPUMS Area of GEOLEV1 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO1 indicates the area in square kilometers of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO1 is a 10-digit string variable listing the area in square kilometers. IPUMS United States, State 1850 - 2020 [Level 1; consistent boundaries, GIS] 840001 Alabama 840002 Alaska 840004 Arizona 840005 Arkansas 840006 California 840008 Colorado 840009 Connecticut 840010 Delaware 840011 District of Columbia 840012 Florida 840013 Georgia 840015 Hawaii 840016 Idaho 840017 Illinois 840018 Indiana 840019 Iowa 840020 Kansas 840021 Kentucky 840022 Louisiana 840023 Maine 840024 Maryland 840025 Massachusetts 840026 Michigan 840027 Minnesota 840028 Mississippi 840029 Missouri 840030 Montana 840031 Nebraska 840032 Nevada 840033 New Hampshire 840034 New Jersey 840035 New Mexico 840036 New York 840037 North Carolina 840038 North Dakota 840039 Ohio 840040 Oklahoma 840041 Oregon 840042 Pennsylvania 840044 Rhode Island 840045 South Carolina 840046 South Dakota 840047 Tennessee 840048 Texas 840049 Utah 840050 Vermont 840051 Virginia 840053 Washington 840054 West Virginia 840055 Wisconsin 840056 Wyoming 840099 State unknown GEO1_US identifies the household's state within the United States in all sample years. States are the first level administrative units of the country. GEO1_US is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_US can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, State 1970 [Level 1, GIS] 001 Alabama 002 Alaska 004 Arizona 005 Arkansas 006 California 008 Colorado 009 Connecticut 010 Delaware 011 District of Columbia 012 Florida 013 Georgia 015 Hawaii 016 Idaho 017 Illinois 018 Indiana 019 Iowa 020 Kansas 021 Kentucky 022 Louisiana 023 Maine 024 Maryland 025 Massachusetts 026 Michigan 027 Minnesota 028 Mississippi 029 Missouri 030 Montana 031 Nebraska 032 Nevada 033 New Hampshire 034 New Jersey 035 New Mexico 036 New York 037 North Carolina 038 North Dakota 039 Ohio 040 Oklahoma 041 Oregon 042 Pennsylvania 044 Rhode Island 045 South Carolina 046 South Dakota 047 Tennessee 048 Texas 049 Utah 050 Vermont 051 Virginia 053 Washington 054 West Virginia 055 Wisconsin 056 Wyoming 099 State not identified GEO1_ US1970 identifies the household's state within United States in 1970. States are the first level administrative units of the country. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_ US1970 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, PUMA 1970 [Level 2, GIS] 003601 3601 003602 3602 004101 4101 004102 4102 004104 4104 012201 12201 014801 14801 014101 14101 014102 14102 014103 14103 004202 4202 010401 10401 010402 10402 010403 10403 014201 14201 014301 14301 014302 14302 014303 14303 014304 14304 014305 14305 014306 14306 014307 14307 014308 14308 014309 14309 014401 14401 014402 14402 014501 14501 014502 14502 014601 14601 014701 14701 014702 14702 014703 14703 014704 14704 014705 14705 014706 14706 014707 14707 014708 14708 013001 13001 013101 13101 013102 13102 013103 13103 000501 501 000502 502 000503 503 000504 504 001311 1311 001604 1604 003101 3101 003102 3102 003201 3201 003202 3202 003203 3203 003301 3301 003302 3302 003303 3303 003304 3304 003305 3305 003306 3306 003307 3307 003308 3308 003401 3401 003701 3701 003801 3801 004001 4001 004002 4002 004003 4003 004004 4004 004006 4006 014901 14901 014902 14902 005301 5301 005401 5401 007201 7201 007202 7202 007203 7203 007204 7204 007205 7205 007208 7208 007301 7301 007302 7302 007601 7601 010101 10101 010102 10102 010107 10107 010108 10108 005501 5501 005601 5601 005602 5602 005603 5603 005701 5701 007001 7001 007101 7101 007206 7206 007402 7402 009101 9101 009201 9201 009301 9301 009302 9302 009601 9601 009701 9701 009702 9702 009804 9804 009805 9805 004901 4901 004902 4902 011601 11601 011801 11801 012301 12301 012302 12302 012303 12303 012305 12305 012401 12401 012402 12402 000101 101 000201 201 001601 1601 001602 1602 001603 1603 001605 1605 001606 1606 000401 401 000402 402 000403 403 000404 404 000405 405 000406 406 000407 407 000505 505 006601 6601 006602 6602 006603 6603 006604 6604 006605 6605 006701 6701 006702 6702 006801 6801 006802 6802 006901 6901 006902 6902 006903 6903 008201 8201 008202 8202 008203 8203 008205 8205 008206 8206 008207 8207 004103 4103 012001 12001 012002 12002 009803 9803 009806 9806 009901 9901 010103 10103 010104 10104 010105 10105 010106 10106 010201 10201 008901 8901 009501 9501 014001 14001 000408 408 001312 1312 001313 1313 001314 1314 001315 1315 001316 1316 001317 1317 001318 1318 001319 1319 001320 1320 001401 1401 001402 1402 001403 1403 001404 1404 001405 1405 012802 12802 012901 12901 012902 12902 000601 601 000602 602 000603 603 000701 701 000702 702 000703 703 000704 704 000705 705 000801 801 001301 1301 001302 1302 001303 1303 001304 1304 001305 1305 001306 1306 001307 1307 001308 1308 001309 1309 001310 1310 002101 2101 002102 2102 002103 2103 002104 2104 002201 2201 002301 2301 002302 2302 002304 2304 002401 2401 002402 2402 002403 2403 002501 2501 000902 902 005801 5801 005901 5901 005902 5902 006001 6001 006003 6003 006004 6004 006301 6301 006302 6302 006303 6303 006304 6304 006305 6305 006306 6306 006307 6307 006308 6308 006401 6401 010601 10601 010603 10603 010701 10701 010702 10702 010703 10703 013701 13701 013703 13703 013801 13801 000901 901 000903 903 001001 1001 001201 1201 001202 1202 001406 1406 001407 1407 001408 1408 001409 1409 001410 1410 001412 1412 001413 1413 001415 1415 001501 1501 001502 1502 001503 1503 001504 1504 001505 1505 006201 6201 006202 6202 006203 6203 006204 6204 006206 6206 000409 409 002601 2601 002701 2701 002702 2702 002801 2801 002902 2902 004203 4203 004501 4501 004504 4504 004601 4601 004701 4701 011001 11001 011101 11101 011201 11201 011301 11301 011302 11302 011401 11401 011501 11501 011502 11502 011602 11602 012501 12501 012502 12502 012503 12503 012601 12601 012602 12602 012701 12701 012702 12702 012703 12703 012801 12801 013201 13201 013202 13202 001607 1607 001608 1608 001802 1802 001901 1901 001902 1902 002001 2001 002002 2002 002003 2003 013401 13401 013501 13501 013502 13502 013503 13503 013504 13504 004802 4802 006101 6101 007701 7701 007702 7702 007703 7703 007704 7704 007705 7705 007801 7801 007802 7802 007901 7901 000202 202 000301 301 000410 410 000506 506 000604 604 000802 802 001101 1101 001102 1102 001411 1411 001414 1414 001609 1609 001610 1610 001701 1701 001801 1801 002004 2004 002303 2303 002404 2404 002602 2602 002901 2901 002903 2903 003001 3001 003103 3103 003501 3501 003901 3901 004005 4005 004201 4201 004204 4204 004301 4301 004302 4302 004401 4401 004402 4402 004502 4502 004503 4503 004602 4602 004702 4702 004801 4801 004803 4803 004804 4804 005001 5001 005002 5002 005101 5101 005102 5102 005201 5201 005802 5802 005803 5803 006002 6002 006205 6205 006207 6207 006501 6501 006502 6502 007002 7002 007102 7102 007207 7207 007401 7401 007403 7403 007501 7501 007602 7602 007803 7803 008001 8001 008002 8002 008101 8101 008204 8204 008301 8301 008401 8401 008501 8501 008601 8601 008701 8701 008801 8801 009001 9001 009401 9401 009402 9402 009801 9801 009802 9802 010001 10001 010202 10202 010301 10301 010302 10302 010501 10501 010602 10602 010801 10801 010901 10901 011303 11303 011603 11603 011701 11701 011901 11901 012101 12101 012202 12202 012304 12304 012306 12306 013104 13104 013203 13203 013301 13301 013402 13402 013601 13601 013702 13702 013704 13704 013901 13901 014002 14002 GEO2_US1970 identifies the most detailed areas that can be delineated from the geographic codes available in United States PUMS (Public Use Microdata Series) files in 1970. In the 1970 PUMS files, the smallest identified units are “county groups”. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2_US1970 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The GIS boundary files for GEO2_US1970 are based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2000 TIGER/Line files. The full set of geography variables for United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, Region 11 New England division 12 Middle Atlantic division 13 Northeast, n.s. 21 East North Central division 22 West North Central division 23 Midwest, n.s. 31 South Atlantic division 32 East South Central division 33 West South Central division 34 South, n.s. 41 Mountain division 42 Pacific division 43 West, n.s. 99 Region unknown REGNUS indicates the census region in the United States in which the household was enumerated. REGNUS is the largest-scale geographic identifier available in the U.S. samples. REGNUS is harmonized by name and does not account for boundary changes over time. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, Metropolitan area 000 Household not in an identifiable metropolitan area 004 Abilene, TX 008 Akron, OH 012 Albany, GA 016 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 020 Albuquerque, NM 022 Alexandria, LA 024 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA/NJ 028 Altoona, PA 032 Amarillo, TX 038 Anchorage, AK 040 Anderson, IN 044 Ann Arbor, MI 045 Anniston, AL 046 Appleton-Oskosh-Neenah, WI 048 Asheville, NC 050 Athens, GA 052 Atlanta, GA 056 Atlantic City, NJ 058 Auburn-Opelika, AL 060 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC 064 Austin, TX 068 Bakersfield, CA 072 Baltimore, MD 073 Bangor, ME 074 Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA 076 Baton Rouge, LA 078 Battle Creek, MI 084 Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange, TX 086 Bellingham, WA 087 Benton Harbor, MI 088 Billings, MT 092 Biloxi-Gulfport, MS 096 Binghamton, NY 100 Birmingham, AL 101 Bismarck, ND 102 Bloomington, IN 104 Bloomington-Normal, IL 108 Boise City, ID 112 Boston, MA 114 Bradenton, FL 115 Bremerton, WA 116 Bridgeport, CT 120 Brockton, MA 124 Brownsville - Harlingen-San Benito, TX 126 Bryan-College Station, TX 128 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 130 Burlington, NC 131 Burlington, VT 132 Canton, OH 135 Casper, WY 136 Cedar Rapids, IA 140 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL 144 Charleston-N.Charleston,SC 148 Charleston, WV 152 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, SC 154 Charlottesville, VA 156 Chattanooga, TN/GA 158 Cheyenne, WY 160 Chicago-Gary-Lake IL 162 Chico, CA 164 Cincinnati, OH/KY/IN 166 Clarksville- Hopkinsville, TN/KY 168 Cleveland, OH 172 Colorado Springs, CO 174 Columbia, MO 176 Columbia, SC 180 Columbus, GA/AL 184 Columbus, OH 188 Corpus Christi, TX 190 Cumberland, MD/WV 192 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 193 Danbury, CT 195 Danville, VA 196 Davenport, IA-Rock Island-Moline, IL 200 Dayton-Springfield, OH 202 Daytona Beach, FL 203 Decatur, AL 204 Decatur, IL 208 Denver-Boulder-Longmont, CO 212 Des Moines, IA 216 Detroit, MI 218 Dothan, AL 219 Dover, DE 220 Dubuque, IA 224 Duluth-Superior, MN/WI 228 Dutchess County, NY 229 Eau Claire, WI 231 El Paso, TX 232 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 233 Elmira, NY 234 Enid, OK 236 Erie, PA 240 Eugene-Springfield, OR 244 Evansville, IN/KY 252 Fargo-Moorhead, ND/MN 256 Fayetteville, NC 258 Fayetteville-Springdale, AR 260 Fitchburg-Leominster, MA 262 Flagstaff, AZ 264 Flint, MI 265 Florence, AL 266 Florence, SC 267 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO 268 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach, FL 270 Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL 271 Fort Pierce, FL 272 Fort Smith, AR/OK 275 Fort Walton Beach, FL 276 Fort Wayne, IN 284 Fresno, CA 288 Gadsden, AL 290 Gainesville, FL 292 Galveston-Texas City, TX 297 Glens Falls, NY 298 Goldsboro, NC 299 Grand Forks, ND/MN 300 Grand Rapids, MI 301 Grand Junction, CO 304 Great Falls, MT 306 Greeley, CO 308 Green Bay, WI 312 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC 315 Greenville, NC 316 Greenville-Spartenburg-Anderson, SC 318 Hagerstown, MD 320 Hamilton-Middleton, OH 324 Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA 328 Hartford-Bristol-Middletown-New Britian, CT 329 Hickory-Morgantown, NC 330 Hattiesburg, MS 332 Honolulu, HI 335 Houma-Thibodoux, LA 336 Houston-Brazoria, TX 340 Huntington-Ashland, WV/KY/OH 344 Huntsville, AL 348 Indianapolis, IN 350 Iowa City, IA 352 Jackson, MI 356 Jackson, MS 358 Jackson, TN 359 Jacksonville, FL 360 Jacksonville, NC 361 Jamestown-Dunkirk, NY 362 Janesville-Beloit, WI 366 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN/VA 368 Johnstown, PA 371 Joplin, MO 372 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 374 Kankakee, IL 376 Kansas City, MO-KS 380 Kenosha, WI 381 Killeen-Temple, TX 384 Knoxville, TN 385 Kokomo, IN 387 LaCrosse, WI 388 Lafayette, LA 392 Lafayette-W. Lafayette,IN 396 Lake Charles, LA 398 Lakeland-Winterhaven, FL 400 Lancaster, PA 404 Lansing-E. Lansing, MI 408 Laredo, TX 410 Las Cruces, NM 412 Las Vegas, NV 415 Lawrence, KS 420 Lawton, OK 424 Lewiston-Auburn, ME 428 Lexington-Fayette, KY 432 Lima, OH 436 Lincoln, NE 440 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR 441 Long Branch-Asbury Park, NJ 442 Longview-Marshall, TX 444 Lorain-Elyria, OH 448 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 452 Louisville, KY/IN 460 Lubbock, TX 464 Lynchburg, VA 468 Macon-Warner Robins, GA 472 Madison, WI 476 Manchester, NH 480 Mansfield, OH 488 McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr-Mission, TX 489 Medford, OR 490 Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa-Palm Bay, FL 492 Memphis, TN/AR/MS 494 Merced, CA 500 Miami-Hialeah, FL 504 Midland, TX 508 Milwaukee, WI 512 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 516 Mobile, AL 517 Modesto, CA 519 Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 520 Monroe, LA 524 Montgomery, AL 528 Muncie, IN 532 Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights, MI 533 Myrtle Beach, SC 534 Naples, FL 535 Nashua, NH 536 Nashville, TN 540 New Bedford, MA 546 New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville, NJ 548 New Haven-Meriden, CT 552 New London-Norwich, CT/RI 556 New Orleans, LA 560 New York-Northeastern NJ 564 Newark, OH 566 Newburgh-Middletown, NY 572 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA 576 Norwalk, CT 579 Ocala, FL 580 Odessa, TX 588 Oklahoma City, OK 591 Olympia, WA 592 Omaha, NE/IA 595 Orange County, NY 596 Orlando, FL 599 Owensboro, KY 601 Panama City, FL 602 Parkersburg-Marietta,WV/OH 603 Pascagoula-Moss Point, MS 608 Pensacola, FL 612 Peoria, IL 616 Philadelphia, PA/NJ 620 Phoenix, AZ 624 Pine Bluff, AR 628 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 632 Pittsfield, MA 640 Portland, ME 644 Portland-Vancouver, OR 645 Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, NH/ME 646 Poughkeepsie, NY 648 Providence-Fall River-Pawtuckett, MA 652 Provo-Orem, UT 656 Pueblo, CO 658 Punta Gorda, FL 660 Racine, WI 664 Raleigh-Durham, NC 666 Rapid City, SD 668 Reading, PA 669 Redding, CA 672 Reno, NV 674 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA 676 Richmond-Petersburg, VA 678 Riverside-San Bernadino,CA 680 Roanoke, VA 682 Rochester, MN 684 Rochester, NY 688 Rockford, IL 689 Rocky Mount, NC 692 Sacramento, CA 696 Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI 698 St. Cloud, MN 700 St. Joseph, MO 704 St. Louis, MO-IL 708 Salem, OR 712 Salinas-Sea Side-Monterey, CA 714 Salisbury-Concord, NC 716 Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 720 San Angelo, TX 724 San Antonio, TX 732 San Diego, CA 736 San Francisco-Oakland-Vallejo, CA 740 San Jose, CA 746 San Luis Obispo-Atascad-P Robles, CA 747 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA 748 Santa Cruz, CA 749 Santa Fe, NM 750 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA 751 Sarasota, FL 752 Savannah, GA 756 Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA 760 Seattle-Everett, WA 761 Sharon, PA 762 Sheboygan, WI 764 Sherman-Denison, TX 768 Shreveport, LA 772 Sioux City, IA/NE 776 Sioux Falls, SD 780 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN 784 Spokane, WA 788 Springfield, IL 792 Springfield, MO 800 Springfield-Holyoke-Chicopee, MA 804 Stamford, CT 805 State College, PA 808 Steubenville-Weirton,OH/WV 812 Stockton, CA 814 Sumter, SC 816 Syracuse, NY 820 Tacoma, WA 824 Tallahassee, FL 828 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 832 Terre Haute, IN 836 Texarkana, TX/AR 840 Toledo, OH/MI 844 Topeka, KS 848 Trenton, NJ 852 Tucson, AZ 856 Tulsa, OK 860 Tuscaloosa, AL 864 Tyler, TX 868 Utica-Rome, NY 873 Ventura-Oxnard-Simi Valley 875 Victoria, TX 876 Vineland-Milville-Bridgetown, NJ 878 Visalia-Tulare -Porterville, CA 880 Waco, TX 884 Washington, DC/MD/VA 888 Waterbury, CT 892 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 894 Wausau, WI 896 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton -Delray Beach, FL 900 Wheeling, WV/OH 904 Wichita, KS 908 Wichita Falls, TX 914 Williamsport, PA 916 Wilmington, DE/NJ/MD 920 Wilmington, NC 924 Worcester, MA 926 Yakima, WA 927 Yolo, CA 928 York, PA 932 Youngstown-Warren, OH-PA 934 Yuba City, CA 936 Yuma, AZ METROUS indicates the household's census metropolitan area in the United States from 1850 to present. METROUS is harmonized by name and does not account for boundary changes over time. Metropolitan areas are counties or combinations of counties centering on a substantial urban area. METROUS identifies the household's metropolitan area of enumeration if the household was located in a metropolitan area large enough to meet confidentiality requirements. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned 2 Not owned 9 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Owned 110 Owned, already paid 120 Owned, still paying 130 Owned, constructed 140 Owned, inherited 190 Owned, other 191 Owned, house 192 Owned, condominium 193 Apartment proprietor 194 Shared ownership 200 Not owned 210 Renting, not specified 211 Renting, government 212 Renting, local authority 213 Renting, parastatal 214 Renting, private 215 Renting, private company 216 Renting, individual 217 Renting, collective 218 Renting, joint state and individual 219 Renting, public subsidized 220 Renting, private subsidized 221 Renting, co-tenant 222 Renting, relative of tenant 223 Renting, cooperative 224 Renting, with a job or business 225 Renting, loan-backed habitation 226 Renting, mixed contract 227 Furnished dwelling 228 Sharecropping 230 Subletting 231 Rent to own 239 Renting, other 240 Occupied de facto/squatting 250 Free/usufruct (no cash rent) 251 Free, provided by employer 252 Free, without work or services 253 Free, provided by family or friend 254 Free, private 255 Free, public 256 Free, condemned 257 Free, other 260 Endowment, Waqf (Egypt historical) 290 Not owned, other 999 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Sewage 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Connected to sewage system or septic tank 11 Sewage system (public sewage disposal) 12 Septic tank (private sewage disposal) 20 Not connected to sewage disposal system 99 Unknown SEWAGE indicates whether the household has access to a sewage system or septic tank. IPUMS Telephone availability NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing PHONE indicates the availability of a telephone in the dwelling. IPUMS Automobiles available No autos 1 1 auto 2 2 autos 3 3 autos 4 4 autos 5 5 autos 6 6+ autos 7 Have auto, number unspecified 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) AUTOS records whether a member of the household owned or had use of a vehicle and, in many samples, the number of such vehicles. IPUMS Hot water heater NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing HOTWATER indicates whether the housing unit had a water heater. IPUMS Air conditioning 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No air conditioning 20 Yes, air conditioning 21 1 unit or room 22 2 units or rooms 23 3 units or rooms 24 4 units or rooms 25 5 units or rooms 26 6 units or rooms 27 7 units or rooms 28 8 or more units or rooms 29 Central system 99 Unknown This variable indicates whether the household had air conditioning. IPUMS Number of rooms 00 Part of a room; no rooms 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) ROOMS indicates the number of rooms occupied by the housing unit. IPUMS Kitchen or cooking facilities 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No kitchen 11 Food is prepared in a non-kitchen room 13 Does not prepare food in the dwelling 20 Yes, have a kitchen 21 Kitchen located inside the dwelling 22 Indoor kitchen, exclusive use 23 Indoor kitchen, shared use 24 Exclusive use of kitchen (indoor/outdoor status not specified) 25 Shared use of kitchen with another household (indoor/outdoor status not specified) 26 Kitchen located outside the dwelling 27 Outdoor kitchen, exclusive use 28 Outdoor kitchen, shared use 99 Unknown/missing KITCHEN indicates whether the household had a kitchen, cooking facilities, or room dedicated to food preparation. IPUMS Toilet 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No toilet 11 No flush toilet 20 Have toilet, type not specified 21 Flush toilet 22 Non-flush, latrine 23 Non-flush, other and unspecified 99 Unknown TOILET indicates whether the household had access to a toilet and, in most cases, whether it was a flush toilet or other type of installation. IPUMS Number of bathrooms 00 No bathrooms (or half bathroom) 01 1 bathroom 02 2 bathrooms 03 3 bathrooms 04 4 bathrooms 05 5 bathrooms 06 6 bathrooms 07 7 bathrooms 08 8 bathrooms 09 9 bathrooms 10 10 bathrooms 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) BATHROOMS indicates the number of bathrooms in the dwelling available for use by the household. IPUMS Bathing facilities NIU (not in universe) 1 No bathing facility 2 Have bathing facility, exclusivity not specified 3 Have bathing facility, exclusive use 4 Have bathing facility, shared use 9 Unknown BATH indicates whether the household had access to bathing facilities and, in most cases, whether it had exclusive access. IPUMS Age of structure, coded from intervals 000 Less than 1 year old 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200+ 997 Under construction 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) AGESTRUCT2 gives the estimated age of the structure. IPUMS Household classification 00 Vacant household 01 One-person household 02 Married/cohab couple, no children 03 Married/cohab couple with children 04 Single-parent family 05 Polygamous family 06 Extended family, relatives only 07 Composite household, family and non-relatives 08 Non-family household 09 Unclassified subfamily 10 Other relative or non-relative household 11 Group quarters 99 Unclassifiable HHTYPE is a constructed variable that describes the composition of households. HHTYPE is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head), from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father), and from information on group quarters status, GQ. IPUMS Number of families in household Vacant household 1 1 family 2 2 families 3 3 families 4 4 families 5 5 families 6 6 families 7 7 families 8 8 families 9 9 or more families NFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. Family membership is defined by FAMUNIT. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and a domestic employee contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multi-generation extended family with no persons unrelated to the head counts as a single family. NFAMS is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). See those variable descriptions for more detail. IPUMS Number of married couples in household No married couples in household 1 1 couple 2 2 couples 3 3 couples 4 4 couples 5 5 couples 6 6 couples 7 7 couples 8 8 couples 9 9 or more couples NCOUPLES is a constructed variable indicating the number of married/in-union couples within a household. NCOUPLES is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable SPLOC (spouse's location in the household). IPUMS Number of mothers in household No mothers in household 1 1 mother 2 2 mothers 3 3 mothers 4 4 mothers 5 5 mothers 6 6 mothers 7 7 mothers 8 8 mothers 9 9 or more mothers in household NMOTHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of mothers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NMOTHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable MOMLOC (mother's location in the household). IPUMS Number of fathers in household No fathers in household 1 1 father 2 2 fathers 3 3 fathers 4 4 fathers 5 5 fathers 6 6 fathers 7 7 fathers 8 8 fathers 9 9 or more fathers in household NFATHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of fathers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NFATHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable POPLOC (father's location in the household). IPUMS Head's location in household HEADLOC gives the person number (PERNUM) of the head of household in samples in which persons are organized into households. HEADLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Data set number United States 1970: All households 4 4 This variable indicates the particular sample from which the case is drawn in a given year. IPUMS Household serial number United States 1970: All households This variable indicates a unique number for each household record in a given sample. This is a 8-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Number of person records per household United States 1970: All households 00 Vacant household 01 1 person record 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 This variable indicates the number of person records that are included in the sampled unit. IPUMS Subsample number United States 1970: All households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 This variable assigns each household to one of 100 sub-sample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. IPUMS Household weight United States 1970: All households 100 100 101 101 This variable indicates how many households in the U.S. population are represented by a given household in the IPUMS. IPUMS Census region and division United States 1970: All households 01 New England Division 02 Middle Atlantic Division 03 Mixed Northeast Divisions 04 East North Central Division 05 West North Central Division 06 Mixed Midwestern Divisions 07 South Atlantic Division 08 East South Central Division 09 West South Central Division 10 Mixed Southern Divisions 11 Mountain Division 12 Pacific Division 13 Mixed Western Divisions 14 Unknown This variable indicates the region and division where the housing unit was located. IPUMS State (ICPSR code) United States 1970: All households 01 Connecticut 02 Maine 03 Massachusetts 04 New Hampshire 05 Rhode Island 12 New Jersey 13 New York 14 Pennsylvania 21 Illinois 22 Indiana 23 Michigan 24 Ohio 25 Wisconsin 31 Iowa 32 Kansas 33 Minnesota 34 Missouri 35 Nebraska 40 Virginia 41 Alabama 42 Arkansas 43 Florida 44 Georgia 45 Louisiana 46 Mississippi 47 North Carolina 48 South Carolina 49 Texas 51 Kentucky 52 Maryland 53 Oklahoma 54 Tennessee 56 West Virginia 61 Arizona 62 Colorado 65 Nevada 66 New Mexico 67 Utah 71 California 72 Oregon 73 Washington 81 Alaska 82 Hawaii 98 District of Columbia 99 Unknown This variable indicates the state in which the housing unit was located, using the coding scheme developed by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). IPUMS State (FIPS code) United States 1970: All households 01 Alabama 02 Alaska 04 Arizona 05 Arkansas 06 California 08 Colorado 09 Connecticut 11 District of Columbia 12 Florida 13 Georgia 15 Hawaii 17 Illinois 18 Indiana 19 Iowa 20 Kansas 21 Kentucky 22 Louisiana 23 Maine 24 Maryland 25 Massachusetts 26 Michigan 27 Minnesota 28 Mississippi 29 Missouri 31 Nebraska 32 Nevada 33 New Hampshire 34 New Jersey 35 New Mexico 36 New York 37 North Carolina 39 Ohio 40 Oklahoma 41 Oregon 42 Pennsylvania 44 Rhode island 45 South Carolina 47 Tennessee 48 Texas 49 Utah 51 Virginia 53 Washington 54 West Virginia 55 Wisconsin 99 Unknown This variable indicates the state in which the household was located, using the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) coding scheme, which orders the states alphabetically. IPUMS County group, 1970 United States 1970: All households 00101 101 00201 201 00202 202 00301 301 00401 401 00402 402 00403 403 00404 404 00405 405 00406 406 00407 407 00408 408 00409 409 00410 410 00501 501 00502 502 00503 503 00504 504 00505 505 00506 506 00601 601 00602 602 00603 603 00604 604 00701 701 00702 702 00703 703 00704 704 00705 705 00801 801 00802 802 00901 901 00902 902 00903 903 01001 1001 01101 1101 01102 1102 01201 1201 01202 1202 01301 1301 01302 1302 01303 1303 01304 1304 01305 1305 01306 1306 01307 1307 01308 1308 01309 1309 01310 1310 01311 1311 01312 1312 01313 1313 01314 1314 01315 1315 01316 1316 01317 1317 01318 1318 01319 1319 01320 1320 01401 1401 01402 1402 01403 1403 01404 1404 01405 1405 01406 1406 01407 1407 01408 1408 01409 1409 01410 1410 01411 1411 01412 1412 01413 1413 01414 1414 01415 1415 01501 1501 01502 1502 01503 1503 01504 1504 01505 1505 01601 1601 01602 1602 01603 1603 01604 1604 01605 1605 01606 1606 01607 1607 01608 1608 01609 1609 01610 1610 01701 1701 01801 1801 01802 1802 01901 1901 01902 1902 02001 2001 02002 2002 02003 2003 02004 2004 02101 2101 02102 2102 02103 2103 02104 2104 02201 2201 02301 2301 02302 2302 02303 2303 02304 2304 02401 2401 02402 2402 02403 2403 02404 2404 02501 2501 02601 2601 02602 2602 02701 2701 02702 2702 02801 2801 02901 2901 02902 2902 02903 2903 03001 3001 03101 3101 03102 3102 03103 3103 03201 3201 03202 3202 03203 3203 03301 3301 03302 3302 03303 3303 03304 3304 03305 3305 03306 3306 03307 3307 03308 3308 03401 3401 03501 3501 03601 3601 03602 3602 03701 3701 03801 3801 03901 3901 04001 4001 04002 4002 04003 4003 04004 4004 04005 4005 04006 4006 04101 4101 04102 4102 04103 4103 04104 4104 04201 4201 04202 4202 04203 4203 04204 4204 04301 4301 04302 4302 04401 4401 04402 4402 04501 4501 04502 4502 04503 4503 04504 4504 04601 4601 04602 4602 04701 4701 04702 4702 04801 4801 04802 4802 04803 4803 04804 4804 04901 4901 04902 4902 05001 5001 05002 5002 05101 5101 05102 5102 05201 5201 05301 5301 05401 5401 05501 5501 05601 5601 05602 5602 05603 5603 05701 5701 05801 5801 05802 5802 05803 5803 05901 5901 05902 5902 06001 6001 06002 6002 06003 6003 06004 6004 06101 6101 06201 6201 06202 6202 06203 6203 06204 6204 06205 6205 06206 6206 06207 6207 06301 6301 06302 6302 06303 6303 06304 6304 06305 6305 06306 6306 06307 6307 06308 6308 06401 6401 06501 6501 06502 6502 06601 6601 06602 6602 06603 6603 06604 6604 06605 6605 06701 6701 06702 6702 06801 6801 06802 6802 06901 6901 06902 6902 06903 6903 07001 7001 07002 7002 07101 7101 07102 7102 07201 7201 07202 7202 07203 7203 07204 7204 07205 7205 07206 7206 07207 7207 07208 7208 07301 7301 07302 7302 07401 7401 07402 7402 07403 7403 07501 7501 07601 7601 07602 7602 07701 7701 07702 7702 07703 7703 07704 7704 07705 7705 07801 7801 07802 7802 07803 7803 07901 7901 08001 8001 08002 8002 08101 8101 08201 8201 08202 8202 08203 8203 08204 8204 08205 8205 08206 8206 08207 8207 08301 8301 08401 8401 08501 8501 08601 8601 08701 8701 08801 8801 08901 8901 09001 9001 09101 9101 09201 9201 09301 9301 09302 9302 09401 9401 09402 9402 09501 9501 09601 9601 09701 9701 09702 9702 09801 9801 09802 9802 09803 9803 09804 9804 09805 9805 09806 9806 09901 9901 10001 10001 10101 10101 10102 10102 10103 10103 10104 10104 10105 10105 10106 10106 10107 10107 10108 10108 10201 10201 10202 10202 10301 10301 10302 10302 10401 10401 10402 10402 10403 10403 10501 10501 10601 10601 10602 10602 10603 10603 10701 10701 10702 10702 10703 10703 10801 10801 10901 10901 11001 11001 11101 11101 11201 11201 11301 11301 11302 11302 11303 11303 11401 11401 11501 11501 11502 11502 11601 11601 11602 11602 11603 11603 11701 11701 11801 11801 11901 11901 12001 12001 12002 12002 12101 12101 12201 12201 12202 12202 12301 12301 12302 12302 12303 12303 12304 12304 12305 12305 12306 12306 12401 12401 12402 12402 12501 12501 12502 12502 12503 12503 12601 12601 12602 12602 12701 12701 12702 12702 12703 12703 12801 12801 12802 12802 12901 12901 12902 12902 13001 13001 13101 13101 13102 13102 13103 13103 13104 13104 13201 13201 13202 13202 13203 13203 13301 13301 13401 13401 13402 13402 13501 13501 13502 13502 13503 13503 13504 13504 13601 13601 13701 13701 13702 13702 13703 13703 13704 13704 13801 13801 13901 13901 14001 14001 14002 14002 14101 14101 14102 14102 14103 14103 14201 14201 14301 14301 14302 14302 14303 14303 14304 14304 14305 14305 14306 14306 14307 14307 14308 14308 14309 14309 14401 14401 14402 14402 14501 14501 14502 14502 14601 14601 14701 14701 14702 14702 14703 14703 14704 14704 14705 14705 14706 14706 14707 14707 14708 14708 14801 14801 14901 14901 14902 14902 This variable indicates the 1970 county group-a geographic area with at least 250,000 residents-where the household was enumerated. IPUMS Metropolitan area United States 1970: All households 0000 N/A or household does not reside in a metropolitan area 0080 Akron, OH 0160 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 0200 Albuquerque, NM 0240 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA/NJ 0460 Appleton-Oskosh-Neenah, WI 0520 Atlanta, GA 0600 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC 0640 Austin, TX 0680 Bakersfield, CA 0720 Baltimore, MD 0760 Baton Rouge, LA 0840 Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange, TX 0960 Binghamton, NY 1000 Birmingham, AL 1120 Boston, MA 1200 Brockton, MA 1280 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 1320 Canton, OH 1440 Charleston-N.Charleston, SC 1520 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, SC 1560 Chattanooga, TN/GA 1600 Chicago-Gary-Lake IL 1602 Gary-Hammond-East Chicago, IN 1640 Cincinnati, OH/KY/IN 1680 Cleveland, OH 1760 Columbia, SC 1840 Columbus, OH 1880 Corpus Christi, TX 1920 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 1921 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 1960 Davenport, IA-Rock Island-Moline, IL 2000 Dayton-Springfield, OH 2080 Denver-Boulder-Longmont, CO 2120 Des Moines, IA 2160 Detroit, MI 2240 Duluth-Superior, MN/WI 2310 El Paso, TX 2360 Erie, PA 2640 Flint, MI 2680 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach, FL 2760 Fort Wayne, IN 2840 Fresno, CA 3000 Grand Rapids, MI 3120 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC 3160 Greenville-Spartenburg-Anderson, SC 3240 Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA 3280 Hartford-Bristol-Middletown-New Britian, CT 3320 Honolulu, HI 3360 Houston-Brazoria, TX 3400 Huntington-Ashland, WV/KY/OH 3480 Indianapolis, IN 3560 Jackson, MS 3590 Jacksonville, FL 3680 Johnstown, PA 3760 Kansas City, MO-KS 3840 Knoxville, TN 4000 Lancaster, PA 4120 Las Vegas, NV 4400 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR 4440 Lorain-Elyria, OH 4480 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 4481 Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, CA 4520 Louisville, KY/IN 4720 Madison, WI 4920 Memphis, TN/AR/MS 5000 Miami-Hialeah, FL 5080 Milwaukee, WI 5120 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 5160 Mobile, AL 5360 Nashville, TN 5480 New Haven-Meriden, CT 5560 New Orleans, LA 5600 New York-Northeastern NJ 5601 Nassau Co., NY 5602 Bergen-Passaic, NJ 5603 Jersey City, NJ 5605 Newark, NJ 5720 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA 5880 Oklahoma City, OK 5920 Omaha, NE/IA 5960 Orlando, FL 6120 Peoria, IL 6160 Philadelphia, PA/NJ 6200 Phoenix, AZ 6280 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 6440 Portland-Vancouver, OR 6480 Providence-Fall River-Pawtuckett, MA 6680 Reading, PA 6760 Richmond-Petersburg, VA 6780 Riverside-San Bernadino,CA 6840 Rochester, NY 6880 Rockford, IL 6920 Sacramento, CA 7040 St. Louis, MO-IL 7120 Salinas-Sea Side-Monterey, CA 7160 Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 7240 San Antonio, TX 7320 San Diego, CA 7360 San Francisco-Oakland-Vallejo, CA 7400 San Jose, CA 7470 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA 7561 Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, PA 7600 Seattle-Everett, WA 7680 Shreveport, LA 7800 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN 7840 Spokane, WA 8000 Springfield-Holyoke-Chicopee, MA 8120 Stockton, CA 8160 Syracuse, NY 8200 Tacoma, WA 8280 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 8400 Toledo, OH/MI 8480 Trenton, NJ 8520 Tucson, AZ 8560 Tulsa, OK 8680 Utica-Rome, NY 8730 Ventura-Oxnard-Simi Valley 8840 Washington, DC/MD/VA 8960 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton -Delray Beach, FL 9040 Wichita, KS 9160 Wilmington, DE/NJ/MD 9240 Worcester, MA 9280 York, PA 9320 Youngstown-Warren, OH-PA This variable indicates the metropolitan area where the household was enumerated, if that metropolitan area was large enough to meet confidentiality requirements. Metropolitan areas are counties or combinations of counties centering on a substantial urban area. IPUMS Group quarters status <svar a="all" v="US70A049"><span class="em">A. How many living quarters, occupied and vacant, are at this address? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] One<br />[] 2 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 3 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 4 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 5 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 6 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 7 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 8 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 9 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 10 or more apartments or living quarters<br />[] This is a mobile home or trailer</div><br /><br />"Mark only one circle. <span class="em">This address </span>means the house or building number where your living quarters are located."<br /></svar></p> <p> [All -- this question filled out by enumerators, not respondents; for IPUMS purposes, the only significant distinctions are between occupied, vacant, and group quarters units.] United States 1970: All households Vacant unit 1 Households under 1970 definition 2 Institutions 3 Other group quarters This variable indicates dwellings between: households, group quarters, or vacant units. IPUMS Group quarters type United States 1970: Occupied, collective dwellings [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 02 Correctional institution 03 Mental institutions 04 Aged, dependent home 05 Homes neglected/depend children 06 Other institutions for children 07 Physically handicapped homes, schools and ho 08 Mentally handicapped homes and schools 09 TB and other chronic disease hospital 10 Military 11 College dormitory 12 Rooming house 99 Other Non-Instit GQ and unknown This variable indicates the type of collective dwellings. With this variable, users can distinguish between institutions and non-institutional group quarters, identify broad categories of institutions (e.g., mental institutions versus correctional institutions), and, for some years, isolate very specific types of group quarters (e.g., old soldiers' home). IPUMS Farm status <span class="em">H18. Last year, 1969, did sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products from this place amount to -- </span><div class="i1">[] Less than $50 (or None)<br />[] $50 to $249<br />[] $250 to $2,499<br />[] $2,500 to $4,999<br />[] $5,000 to $9,999<br />[] $10,000 or more</div><p>"Fill the circle for the total (gross) amount of money received from the sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products produced on this place during the calendar year 1969." United States 1970: All households 1 Non-Farm 2 Farm This variable indicates farm households. IPUMS Sales of farm products <span class="em">H18. Last year, 1969, did sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products from this place amount to -- </span><div class="i1">[] Less than $50 (or None)<br />[] $50 to $249<br />[] $250 to $2,499<br />[] $2,500 to $4,999<br />[] $5,000 to $9,999<br />[] $10,000 or more</div><p>"Fill the circle for the total (gross) amount of money received from the sales of crops, livestock, and other farm products produced on this place during the calendar year 1969." United States 1970: Not group quarters, not in city lots, not in vacant units [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 $0-49 in sales 2 $50-249 3 $250-2499 4 $2500-4999 5 $5,000-9,999 6 $10,000+ This variable indicates the previous year's gross sales of farm produce in contemporary dollars for each household in the universe. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling <svar a="all" v="US70A020 US70A029">[All]<br /><span class="em">H9. Are your living quarters - </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Owned or being bought by you or by someone else in this household? Do not include cooperatives and condominiums here.<br />[] A cooperative or condominium which is owned or being bought by you or by someone else in your household?<br />[] Rented for cash rent?<br />[] Occupied without payment of cash rent?</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Owned or being bought</span> means that the living quarters are owned outright or are mortgaged. Also mark <span class="em">Owned or being bought</span> if the living quarters are owned but the land is rented. Mark <span class="em">Rented for cash rent</span> if any money rent is paid. Rent may be paid by persons who are not members of your household. <span class="em">Occupied without payment of cash rent</span> includes, for example, a parsonage, a house or apartment provided free of rent by the owner, or a house or apartment occupied by a janitor or caretaker in exchange for services."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Occupied, private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned or being bought 2 No cash rent 3 With cash rent This variable indicates whether the household rented or owned its housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement are understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. IPUMS House value United States 1970: Owner-occupied or vacant-for-sale single-family houses on less than 10 acres; not units with businesses or medical/dental offices [not verifiable] 002500 Less than $5,000 006250 $5,000-7,499 008750 $7,500-9,999 011250 $10,000-12,499 013750 $12,500-14,999 016250 $15,000-17,499 018750 $17,500-19,999 022500 $20,000-24,999 030000 $25,000-34,999 042500 $35,000-49,999 050000 $50,000+ 999999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the value of owner-occupied housing units in contemporary dollars. IPUMS Commercial use <svar a="all" v="US70A023">[All]<br /><span class="em">H10a. Is this building a one-family house? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, a one-family house<br />[] No, a building for 2 or more families or a mobile home or trailer</div><br /><br /><span class="em">b. If "Yes" -- Is this house on a place of 10 acres or more, or is any part of this property used as a commercial establishment or medical office? </span><br /><br />[] Yes, 10 acres or more<br />[] Yes, commercial establishment or medical office<br />[] No, none of the above<br /><br />"<span class="em">A commercial establishment</span> is easily recognized from the outside; for example, a grocery store or barber shop. <span class="em">A medical office</span> is a doctor's or dentist's office regularly visited by patients. If your house is on a place of 10 acres or more and also contains a commercial establishment or medical office, mark <span class="em">Yes, 10 acres or more.</span>"<br /></svar> United States 1970: Single-family dwellings [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No commerical use 2 Yes, used commercially 9 Unknown, unit on 10 acres This variable indicates if the dwelling is an owner-occupied one with a business (such as a store or barber shop) or medical/dental office on the property. IPUMS Acreage of property <span class="em">H17. Is this building -- </span><div class="i1">[] On a city or suburban lots? - Skip to H19<br />[] On a place of less than 10 acres?<br />[] On a place of 10 acres or more?</div><p>"<span class="em">A city or suburban lot</span> is usually located in a city, a community, or any built-up area outside a city or community, and is not larger than the house and yard. All living quarters in apartment buildings, including garden-type apartments in the city or suburbs, are considered <span class="em">on a city or suburban lot</span>. A <span class="em">place</span> is a farm, ranch, or any other property, other than a city or suburban lot, on which this <span class="em">residence</span> is located." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 City or suburban lot 3 Under 10 acres (includes less than 1 acre) 4 10 acres This variable indicates whether or not a non-city, non-suburban housing unit was located on 10 or more acres. IPUMS Monthly contract rent <svar a="all" v="US70A026 US70A027"><span class="em">H12.</span> Answer this question if you pay rent for your living quarters.<br /><br />"Report the rent agreed to or contracted for, even if the furnishings, utilities, or services are included."<br /><br /><span class="em">a.</span> If rent is paid by the month --<br /><span class="em">What is the monthly rent?</span><br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Nearest dollar) _____.00<br />and<br />Fill one circle</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Less than $30<br />[] $30 to $39<br />[] $40 to $49<br />[] $50 to $59<br />[] $60 to $69<br />[] $70 to $79<br />[] $80 to $89<br />[] $90 to $99<br />[] $100 to $119<br />[] $120 to $149<br />[] $150 to $199<br />[] $200 to $249<br />[] $250 to $299<br />[] $300 or more</div><br /><br />"If you pay rent by the month, write in the amount of rent and fill one circle."<br /><br /><span class="em">b.</span> If rent is not paid by the month -<br /><span class="em">What is the rent, and what period of time does it cover? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Nearest dollar) _____.00 per (Week, half-month, year, etc.) _____</div><br /><br />"If rent is not paid by the month, answer both parts of <span class="em">b</span>. For example, <span class="em">$20</span> per <span class="em">week</span>, <span class="em">$1,500</span> per <span class="em">year</span>, etc."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Only renter-occupied or vacant-to-rent units that paid cash rent; not in one-family houses on 10+ acres [not verifiable] This variable indicates the amount of the household's monthly contract rent payment or, for vacant units (1970-1990), the amount for which landlord expected to rent the unit. This amount includes utilities, fuels, etc. only if they were included in the rent contract. US70A026 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. 999 = 999+. IPUMS Monthly gross rent <svar a="all" v="US70A026 US70A027"><span class="em">H12.</span> Answer this question if you pay rent for your living quarters.<br /><br />"Report the rent agreed to or contracted for, even if the furnishings, utilities, or services are included."<br /><br /><span class="em">a.</span> If rent is paid by the month --<br /><span class="em">What is the monthly rent?</span><br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Nearest dollar) _____.00<br />and<br />Fill one circle</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Less than $30<br />[] $30 to $39<br />[] $40 to $49<br />[] $50 to $59<br />[] $60 to $69<br />[] $70 to $79<br />[] $80 to $89<br />[] $90 to $99<br />[] $100 to $119<br />[] $120 to $149<br />[] $150 to $199<br />[] $200 to $249<br />[] $250 to $299<br />[] $300 or more</div><br /><br />"If you pay rent by the month, write in the amount of rent and fill one circle."<br /><br /><span class="em">b.</span> If rent is not paid by the month -<br /><span class="em">What is the rent, and what period of time does it cover? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Nearest dollar) _____.00 per (Week, half-month, year, etc.) _____</div><br /><br />"If rent is not paid by the month, answer both parts of <span class="em">b</span>. For example, <span class="em">$20</span> per <span class="em">week</span>, <span class="em">$1,500</span> per <span class="em">year</span>, etc."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Only renter-occupied or vacant-to-rent units that paid cash rent; not in one-family houses on 10+ acres [not verifiable] This variable indicates the gross monthly rental cost of the housing unit, which includes contract rent plus additional costs for utilities (water, electricity, gas) and fuels (oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.). US70A027 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. 999 = 999+. IPUMS Condominium status <svar a="all" v="US70A020 US70A029">[All]<br /><span class="em">H9. Are your living quarters - </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Owned or being bought by you or by someone else in this household? Do not include cooperatives and condominiums here.<br />[] A cooperative or condominium which is owned or being bought by you or by someone else in your household?<br />[] Rented for cash rent?<br />[] Occupied without payment of cash rent?</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Owned or being bought</span> means that the living quarters are owned outright or are mortgaged. Also mark <span class="em">Owned or being bought</span> if the living quarters are owned but the land is rented. Mark <span class="em">Rented for cash rent</span> if any money rent is paid. Rent may be paid by persons who are not members of your household. <span class="em">Occupied without payment of cash rent</span> includes, for example, a parsonage, a house or apartment provided free of rent by the owner, or a house or apartment occupied by a janitor or caretaker in exchange for services."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Occupied, private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not a condominium unit 2 Condominium unit This variable indicates condominiums - housing units whose occupants share ownership and use of certain common areas and facilities with other households. IPUMS Annual electricity cost <span class="em">H13.</span> Answer question H13 if you pay rent for your living quarters. United States 1970: Only renter-occupied units that paid cash rent; not in one-family houses on 10+ acres [not verifiable] This variable indicates each rented housing unit's electricity cost in 1969, excluding amounts included with contract rent payments. US70A031 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. 1188 = 1188+. 9994 = electricity not used. 9996 = electricity included in rent. Top codes:Topcode is $1,188. IPUMS Annual gas cost <span class="em">H13.</span> Answer question H13 if you pay rent for your living quarters. United States 1970: Only renter-occupied units that paid cash rent; not in one-family houses on 10+ acres [not verifiable] This variable indicates each rented dwelling's costs for utility, bottled, tank, or LP gas in 1969, excluding amounts included with contract rent payments. US70A032 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. 1188 = 1188+. 9994 = Gas not used. 9996 = Gas included in rent. Top codes:Topcode is $1,188. IPUMS Annual water cost <span class="em">H13.</span> Answer question H13 if you pay rent for your living quarters. United States 1970: Only renter-occupied units that paid cash rent; not in one-family houses on 10+ acres [not verifiable] This variable indicates each rented housing unit's water cost in 1969, excluding amounts included with contract rent payments. US70A033 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. 999 = 999+. 9995 = Water included in rent or no charge. Top codes:Topcode is $999. IPUMS Annual home heating fuel cost <span class="em">H13.</span> Answer question H13 if you pay rent for your living quarters. United States 1970: Only renter-occupied units that paid cash rent; not in one-family houses on 10+ acres [not verifiable] This variable indicates each rented housing unit's home heating fuel cost in 1969, excluding amounts included with contract rent payments. US70A034 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. 999 = 999+. 9994 = Not used. 9996 = Included in rent. Top codes:Topcode is $999. IPUMS Total family income <svar v="US70A035 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470">[All]<br /><span class="em">40. Earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A035 US70A463 US70A462"><span class="em">a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? </span>(Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A465" v="US70A462 US70A465"><span class="em">b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? </span>(Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A466" v="US70A466 US70A462"><span class="em">c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm?</span> (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a <span class="em">includes</span> "sick leave" pay. Part 40a <span class="em">excludes</span> military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an <span class="em">unincorporated</span> nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is <span class="em">incorporated</span>, his earnings should be included in part 40a."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Occupied, private dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the primary household's total pre-tax money income from all sources for the previous year, as reported to the census. The "household" includes only household members related to the household head (i.e., those people for whom FAMUNIT = 1). US70A035 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes-9900 = loss of 9900 or more. 50000 = 50000 or more. 999999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,900. Top codes:Topcode is $50,000. IPUMS Vacancy status <svar a="all" v="US70A036">[All -- this question filled out by enumerators, not respondents]<br /><span class="em">C. Vacancy status </span><br /><br /><span class="em">Year round -- </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] For rent<br />[] For sale only<br />[] Rented or sold, not occupied<br />[] Held for occasional use<br />[] Other vacant<br /><br />[] Seasonal<br />[] Migratory</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: Vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 For rent 2 For sale only 3 Rented or sold but not (yet) occupied 4 For occasional use 5 For seasonal use 6 For migratory workers 7 Other vacant This variable indicates vacant housing units and gives the reason for the vacancy (for rent, for sale, used only seasonally, etc.). IPUMS Duration of vacancy <svar a="all" v="US70A038">[All -- this question filled out by enumerators, not respondents]<br /><span class="em">D. Months vacant </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Less than 1 month<br />[] 1 up to 2 months<br />[] 2 up to 6 months<br />[] 6 up to 12 months<br />[] 1 year up to 2 years<br />[] 2 years or more</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: Vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Less than 1 month 2 1 -2 months 3 2 -6 months 4 6 -12 months 5 12 -24 months 6 More than 24 months This variable indicates the length of time elapsed since the last occupants moved out of each vacant unit. For new, never-occupied vacant units, VACDUR measures the length of time elapsed since construction was completed. IPUMS Access to unit <span class="em">H2. Do you enter your living quarters -- </span><div class="i1">[] Directly from the outside or through a common or public hall?<br />[] Through someone else's living quarters?</div><p>"Mark the second circle only if you must go through someone else's living quarters to get to your own." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Direct access 2 Indirect access This variable indicates the nature of the entrance into the housing unit. IPUMS Kitchen or cooking facilities <span class="em">H3. Do you have complete kitchen facilities? </span></p> <p>Complete kitchen facilities are a sink with piped water, a range or cook stove, and a refrigerator.</p> <div class="i1">[] Yes, for this household only<br />[] Yes, but also used by another household<br />[] No complete kitchen facilities for this household</div><p>"The kitchen sink, stove, and refrigerator do not have to be in the same room. <span class="em">Also used by another household</span> means that someone else who lives in the same building, but is not a member of your household, also uses the equipment. Mark this circle also if the occupants of living quarters now vacant would also use the equipment." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 3 Yes, shared use 5 Yes, exclusive use This variable indicates whether or not a housing unit contained kitchen facilities. For 1970, it also indicates whether or not these facilities were shared with other households. IPUMS Number of rooms <span class="em">H4. How many rooms do you have in your living quarters? </span> <br />Do not count bathrooms, porches, balconies, foyers, halls, or half-rooms.</p> <div class="i1">[] 1 room<br />[] 2 rooms<br />[] 3 rooms<br />[] 4 rooms<br />[] 5 rooms<br />[] 6 rooms<br />[] 7 rooms<br />[] 8 rooms<br />[] 9 rooms or more</div><p>"Count only whole rooms used for living purposes, such as living rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, bedrooms, finished recreation rooms, family rooms, etc. Do not count kitchenettes, strip or pullman kitchens; utility rooms; or unfinished attics, basements, or other space used for storage." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 room 2 2 rooms 3 3 rooms 4 4 rooms 5 5 rooms 6 6 rooms 7 7 rooms 8 8 rooms 9 9 or more This variable indicates the number of whole rooms used for living purposes that are contained in the housing unit. IPUMS Plumbing facilities <svar a="US70A046" v="US70A046 US70A043">[All]<br /><span class="em">H6. Do you have a flush toilet? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, for this household only<br />[] Yes, but also used by another household<br />[] No flush toilet</div><br /><br />"See instructions for H3 for meaning of Also used by another household."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a=" US70A045" v="US70A045 US70A043">[All]<br /><span class="em">H7. Do you have a bathtub or shower? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, for this household only.<br />[] Yes, but also used by another household<br />[] No bathtub or shower</div><br /><br />"See instructions for H3 for meaning of <span class="em"> Also used by another household</span>."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Not in group quarters [discrepancies: type I: none, type II: 1.3%] NIU (not in universe) 1 Lacking only hot water 2 Lacking other or all plumbing facilities 3 With complete plumbing This variable indicates whether or not a housing unit contained complete plumbing facilities. It also indicates whether or not the unit had partial facilities. IPUMS Hot and cold piped water <span class="em">H5. Is there hot and cold piped water in this building? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes, hot and cold piped water in this building<br />[] No, only cold piped water in this building<br />[] No piped water in this building</div><p>"Mark <span class="em">hot water</span> even if you have it only part of the time." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No piped water 2 Cold piped water only 3 Hot and cold piped water This variable indicates the availability of indoor hot and/or cold piped water to the occupants of the housing unit. IPUMS Bathtub or shower <svar a=" US70A045" v="US70A045 US70A043">[All]<br /><span class="em">H7. Do you have a bathtub or shower? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, for this household only.<br />[] Yes, but also used by another household<br />[] No bathtub or shower</div><br /><br />"See instructions for H3 for meaning of <span class="em"> Also used by another household</span>."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, no bathtub or shower 2 Yes, exclusive use 3 Yes, shared use This variable indicates whether or not housing units had access to a permanently installed bath and/or shower. The bath or shower had to be located within the structure and did not have to provide hot water. Portable facilities were not counted. The variable further indicates whether or not the bath/shower was shared with occupants of other housing units. IPUMS Flush toilet <svar a="US70A046" v="US70A046 US70A043">[All]<br /><span class="em">H6. Do you have a flush toilet? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, for this household only<br />[] Yes, but also used by another household<br />[] No flush toilet</div><br /><br />"See instructions for H3 for meaning of Also used by another household."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, no indoor flush toilet 2 Yes, exclusive use 3 Yes, shared use This variable indicates the presence of a flush toilet within the structure available to the occupants of the housing unit. Portable and outdoor toilets did not count. The variable further indicates whether or not the flush toilet was shared with occupants of other housing units. IPUMS Basement <svar a="all" v="US70A047">[All]<br /><span class="em">H8. Is there a basement in this building? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No, build on a concrete slab<br />[] No, build in another way (include mobile homes and trailers)</div><br /><br />"A house has a <span class="em">basement</span> if there is enclosed space in which persons can walk upright under all or part of the building. A house on a <span class="em">concrete slab</span> has no basement and no air or crawl space below it. A house built <span class="em">in another way</span> is one directly on the ground or resting on a foundation or posts to provide crawl space."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 With a basement 2 On a concrete slab 3 Built in another way, including mobile homes and trailers This variable indicates dwellings by foundation type. IPUMS Age of structure <span class="em">H15. About when was this building originally built? </span> <br />Mark when the building was first constructed, not when it was remodeled, added to, or converted.</p> <div class="i1">[] 1969 or 1970<br />[] 1965 to 1968<br />[] 1960 or 1964<br />[] 1950 to 1959<br />[] 1940 to 1949<br />[] 1939 or earlier</div> United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 0 -1 year old 2 2-5 3 6-10 4 11-20 5 21-30 6 31+ This variable indicates the estimated age of the structure in years. IPUMS Units at address <svar a="all" v="US70A049"><span class="em">A. How many living quarters, occupied and vacant, are at this address? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] One<br />[] 2 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 3 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 4 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 5 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 6 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 7 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 8 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 9 apartments or living quarters<br />[] 10 or more apartments or living quarters<br />[] This is a mobile home or trailer</div><br /><br />"Mark only one circle. <span class="em">This address </span>means the house or building number where your living quarters are located."<br /></svar></p> <p> [All -- this question filled out by enumerators, not respondents; for IPUMS purposes, the only significant distinctions are between occupied, vacant, and group quarters units.] United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 unit (apartments or living quarters) 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10+ 11 Mobile home or trailer This variable indicates the number of dwellings located at a particular address. IPUMS Units in structure <span class="em">H16. Which best describes this building? </span><div class="i1">Include all apartments, flats, etc., even if vacant.</div><div class="i2">[] A one-family house detached from any other house<br />[] A one-family house attached to one or more houses<br />[] A building for 2 families<br />[] A building for 3 or 4 families<br />[] A building for 5 to 9 families<br />[] A building for 10 to 19 families<br />[] A building for 20 to 49 families<br />[] A building for 50 or more families<br />[] A mobile home or trailer<br />_____Other -- Describe</div><p>"Count all occupied and vacant living quarters in the house or building, but not stores or office space. <span class="em">Detached</span> means there is open space on all sides, or the house is joined only to a shed or garage. <span class="em">Attached</span> means that the house is joined to another house or building by at least one wall which goes from ground to roof." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Mobile home or trailer 03 1 -family house, detached 04 1 -family house, attached 05 2 -family building 06 3 -4 family building 07 5 -9 family building 08 10 -19 family building 09 20 -49 family building 10 50+ family building This variable indicates the number of dwellings (both occupied and vacant) in the structure that contained the responding household. IPUMS Source of water <span class="em">H19. Do you get water from -- </span><div class="i1">[] A public system (city water department, etc.) or private company?<br />[] An individual well?<br />[] Some other source (a spring, creek, river, cistern, etc.)?</div><p>"If a well provides water for six or more houses or apartments, mark a <span class="em">public system</span>. If a well provides water for five or fewer houses or apartments, mark <span class="em">an individual well.</span>" United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Public system or private company 2 Individual well 3 Other source This variable indicates the source of the housing unit's water supply, and whether the unit supplied its own water via an individual well or was attached to a larger public or private system. IPUMS Sewage disposal <span class="em">H20. Is this building connected to a public sewer? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes, connected to public sewer<br />[] No, connected to septic tank or cesspool<br />[] No, use other means</div><p>"A <span class="em">public sewer</span> is operated by a government body or a private organization. A <span class="em">septic tank or cesspool</span> is an underground tank or pit used for disposal of sewage." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Public sewer 2 Septic tank or cesspool 3 Other means This variable indicates each dwelling's method of sewage disposal: by a public system (run by the government or a private organization), a septic tank or cesspool, or another method (e.g., via an individual line running into a river or pond, or an outdoor privy). IPUMS Number of bathrooms <span class="em">H21. How many bathrooms do you have? </span></p> <p>A <span class="em">complete</span> bathroom is a room with flush toilet, bathtub or shower, and wash <br />basin with piped water. <br />A <span class="em">half</span> bathroom has at least a flush toilet or bathtub or shower, but does not have <br /> all the facilities for a complete bathroom.</p> <div class="i1">[] No bathroom, or only a half bathroom<br />[] 1 complete bathroom<br />[] 1 complete bathroom, plus half bath(s)<br />[] 2 complete bathrooms<br />[] 2 complete bathrooms, plus half bath(s)<br />[] 3 or more complete bathrooms</div> United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 0 or 1 /2 bath 2 1 complete bathroom 3 1 complete bathroom plus 1 /2 bath(s) 5 2 6 2.5 7 3 This variable indicates the number of complete and partial bathrooms within the housing unit. The 1970 definition required a wash basin with piped water, as well. A "half" bath had at least a flush toilet or bathing facilities. IPUMS Telephone availability <span class="em">H1. Is there a telephone on which people in your living quarters can be called? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes. What is the phone number? _____<br />[] No</div><p>"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> and enter telephone number, even if the telephone is in another apartment or building." United States 1970: Occupied, private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, no phone available 2 Yes, phone available This variable indicates whether residents of the housing unit had telephone access. IPUMS Air conditioning <span class="em">H22. Do you have air-conditioning? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes, 1 individual room unit<br />[] Yes, 2 or more individual room units<br />[] Yes, a central air-conditioning system<br />[] No</div><p>"Count only equipment with a refrigeration unit to cool the air. Mark an <span class="em">individual room unit </span>for air conditioners which are installed in a window or in an outside wall and are used to cool one or more rooms. Mark a <span class="em">central system </span>for a central installation which cools the entire house or apartment." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No air conditioning 2 1 one-room unit 3 2 one-room units 4 Central system This variable indicates the presence and type of air conditioning in the housing unit. IPUMS Heating equipment <span class="em">H14. How are your living quarters heated? </span><div class="i1">Fill one circle for the kind of heat you use most.</div><div class="i1">[] Steam or hot water system<br />[] Central warm air furnace with ducts to the individual rooms, or central heat pump<br />[] Built-in electric units (permanently installed in wall, ceiling, or baseboard)<br />[] Floor, wall, or pipeless furnace<br />[] Room heaters with flue or vent, burning gas, oil, or kerosene<br />[] Room heaters without flue or vent, burning gas, oil, or kerosene (not portable)<br />[] Fireplaces, stoves, or portable room heaters of any kind<br />In some other way--Describe</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">[] None, unit has no heating equipment</div><p>"This question refers to the type of <span class="em">heating equipment</span> and not to the fuel used. A <span class="em">heat pump</span> is sometimes known as a <span class="em">reverse cycle</span> system. A <span class="em">floor</span>, <span class="em">wall</span>, or <span class="em">pipeless furnace</span> delivers warm air to the room right above the furnace or to the room(s) on one or both sides of the wall in which the furnace is installed. These furnaces do not have ducts leading to other rooms. Any heater that you plug into an electric outlet should be counted as a <span class="em">portable room heater</span> -- not a built-in electric unit." United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not heated 2 Steam or hot-water system 3 Central warm-air furnace 4 Built-in electric unit 5 Floor, wall, or pipeless furnace 6 Room heater, liquid fuel, with flue 7 Room heater, liquid fuel, without flue 8 Fireplace, coal/wood stove, or portable room heater This variable indicates the principle means by which the housing unit was heated. IPUMS Automobiles available <span class="em">H23. How many passenger automobiles are owned or regularly used by members of your household? </span> <br />Count company cars kept at home.</p> <div class="i1">[] None<br />[] 1 automobile<br />[] 2 automobiles<br />[] 3 automobiles or more</div><p>"Do not count cars permanently out of working order. Also do not count taxicabs, pickups, or larger trucks." United States 1970: Occupied, private dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No automobile 2 1 3 2 4 3 This variable indicates the number of automobiles owned or used regularly by any household member. It includes company cars kept at home and available for personal use. IPUMS Number of households in dwelling United States 1970: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 This variable indicates the number of families within each unit. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual is considered a separate family. IPUMS Number of married couples in household United States 1970: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 This variable indicates the number of married couples within each unit. Units with no married couples present are coded 0. IPUMS Number of mothers in household United States 1970: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 This variable indicates the number of women within each unit who are identified as residing with their children. IPUMS Number of fathers in household United States 1970: All households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 This variable indicates the number of men within each unit who are identified as residing with their children. IPUMS Flag for access to unit United States 1970: All households Not allocated 4 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for access. IPUMS Flag for closeout household record United States 1970: All households Not allocated 6 Allocated, substituted This variable is a data quality flag for closeout. IPUMS Flag for acreage of property United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for acreage of property. IPUMS Flag for air conditioning United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for air conditioning. IPUMS Flag for automobiles available United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for Automobiles Available. IPUMS Flag for basement United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Undocumented This variable is a data quality flag for type of foundation. IPUMS Flag for number of bathrooms United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for number of bathrooms. IPUMS Flag for age of structure United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for age of structure. IPUMS Flag for commercial use United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Undocumented This variable is a data quality flag for commercial use. IPUMS Flag for condominium status United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, assigned 2 Allocated 3 Allocated, indirect 4 Allocated, direct/indirect This variable is a data quality flag for condominium status. IPUMS Flag for annual electricity cost United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for annual electricity cost. IPUMS Flag for annual electricity cost United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, direct 3 Allocated, direct/indirect This variable is a data quality flag for yearly cost of electricity. IPUMS Flag for annual home heating fuel cost United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for annual home heating fuel cost. IPUMS Flag for annual home heating fuel cost United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect 3 Allocated, direct/indirect This variable is a data quality flag for yearly cost of home heating fuels. IPUMS Flag for annual gas cost United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect 3 Allocated, direct/indirect This variable is a data quality flag for yearly cost of gas. IPUMS Flag for annual water cost United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for annual water cost. IPUMS Flag for annual water cost United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect 3 Allocated, direct/indirect This variable is a data quality flag for yearly cost of water. IPUMS Flag for sales of farm products United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for sales of farm products. IPUMS Flag for duration of vacancy United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for duration of vacancy. IPUMS Flag for group quarters status United States 1970: All households Original entry or Inapplicable (not in universe) 1 [no label] This variable is a data quality flag for group quarters. IPUMS Flag for heating equipment United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for heating equipment. IPUMS Flag for hot and cold piped water United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for presence of hot and cold piped water. IPUMS Flag for kitchen or cooking facilities United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for kitchen or cooking facilites. IPUMS Flag for ownership of dwelling United States 1970: All households Original entry or Inapplicable (not in universe) 1 Missing 2 Illegible 3 Allocated, direct/indirect This variable is a data quality flag for ownership of dwelling. IPUMS Flag for telephone availability United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for telephone availability. IPUMS Flag for monthly gross rent United States 1970: All households Not edited 1 Edited This variable is a data quality flag for gross rent. IPUMS Flag for monthly contract rent United States 1970: All households Original entry or Inapplicable (not in universe) 1 Missing 2 Illegible 3 Allocated, direct/indirect This variable is a data quality flag for monthly contract rent (1940 and 1970). IPUMS Flag for number of rooms United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 [no label] This variable is a data quality flag for number of rooms. IPUMS Flag for sewage disposal United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for sewage disposal. IPUMS Flag for bathtub or shower United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for bathtub or shower. IPUMS Flag for substituted household United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, Substituted This variable is a data quality flag for household record. IPUMS Flag for flush toilet United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for flush toilet. IPUMS Flag for source of water United States 1970: All households Not 1 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for source of water. IPUMS Flag for units at address United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for units at address. IPUMS Flag for units in structure United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, direct 2 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for units in structure. IPUMS Flag for vacancy status United States 1970: All households Not allocated 1 Allocated, indirect This variable is a data quality flag for vacancy status. IPUMS Flag for house value United States 1970: All households Original entry or Inapplicable (not in universe) 1 Illegible This variable is a data quality flag for value of dwelling. IPUMS Flag for group quarters type United States 1970: All households Not 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for group quarters type. IPUMS Person number PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1" for the first person record of each household). When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person in the IPUMS-International database. PERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Person weight PERWT indicates the number of persons in the actual population represented by the person in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), PERWT must be used to yield accurate statistics for the population. NOTE: PERWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Mother's location in household MOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers. The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of MOMLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of MOMLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPMOM is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict MOMLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, MOMLOC should be reset to zero when STEPMOM is greater than zero. MOMLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No mother of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's mother IPUMS Father's location in household POPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers. The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of POPLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of POPLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPPOP is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict POPLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, POPLOC should be reset to zero when STEPPOP is greater than zero. POPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No father of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's father IPUMS Spouse's location in household SPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses. The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE. The general design of SPLOC and other constructed variables is modeled on the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships", but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of SPLOC, see the Comparability section of SPRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. SPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No spouse of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's spouse IPUMS Rule for linking parent 00 No parent of person in household 11 Link to head or spouse, unambiguous 12 Link to head or spouse, ambiguous 21 Child-Grandchild, within empirical child cap 22 Child-Grandchild, within constructed child cap 23 Child-Grandchild, exceeds child cap 31 Specified Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 32 Specified Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 33 Specified Other Relatives, exceeds child cap 41 Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 42 Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 51 Non-Relatives, within empirical child cap 52 Non-Relatives, within constructed child cap PARRULE describes the criteria by which the IPUMS International variables MOMLOC and POPLOC linked the person to a probable mother and/or father. IPUMS International establishes child-parent links according to five basic rules, and PARRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A link to any parent automatically generates a second link to that parent's spouse or partner, so only one rule is needed to describe both MOMLOC and POPLOC. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Rule for linking spouse 00 No spouse present 01 Rule 1: strong relationship pairing, couple adjacent 02 Rule 2: strong relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 03 Rule 3: weak relationship pairing, couple adjacent 04 Rule 4: weak relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 05 Rule 5: weak consensual union pairings 06 Rule 6: sample-specific rules (usually child-to-child) SPRULE explains the criteria by which the IPUMS-International variable SPLOC linked the person to his/her probable spouse. IPUMS International establishes spouse-spouse links according to five basic rules, and SPRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A sixth rule identifies sample-specific linking procedures only imposed in selected instances. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Probable stepmother Biological mother or no mother present 1 Mother has no children born or surviving 2 Child reports mother is deceased 3 Explicitly identified step relationship 4 Mother reports no children in the home 5 Age difference implausible 6 Child exceeds known fertility of mother STEPMOM indicates whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOM explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPMOM are as follows: 0 = Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household. 1 = Mother has no children born or surviving. 2 = Child reports mother is deceased. 3 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner, stepchild/child-in-law). 4 = Mother reports no children in the home. 5 = Age difference between mother and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. 6 = Child exceeds known fertility of mother. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepmother is met, STEPMOM will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPMOM will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Probable stepfather Biological father or no father present 1 Child reports father is deceased 2 Explicitly identified step relationship 3 Age difference implausible 4 Spouse of mother 5 Identified as adopted 6 Surname difference -- male child or never-married female STEPPOP indicates whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOP explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPPOP are as follows: 0 = Biological father or no father of this person present in household. 1 = Child reports father is deceased. 2 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner; stepchild/child-in-law). 3 = Age difference between father and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepfather is met, STEPPOP will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPPOP will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Man with more than one wife linked No more than one wife linked via SPLOC 1 More than one wife linked via SPLOC POLYMAL indicates if a man had more than one wife linked to him in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The point of POLYMAL is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Woman is second or higher order wife Person is not the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC 1 Person is the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC POLY2ND indicates if a woman was the second or higher order wife linked to a husband in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The variable does not suggest the actual marital order of wives, only their relative positions in the person order of the household as it was enumerated. The point of POLY2ND is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Family unit membership FAMUNIT is a constructed variable indicating to which family within the household a person belongs. All persons related to the household head receive a 1 (see RELATE). Each secondary family or secondary individual receives a higher code. For purposes of FAMUNIT, secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). FAMUNIT is a 4-digit numeric variable. CodesIf there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on. IPUMS Number of own family members in household 0001 1 family member present 0002 2 family members present 0003 3 family members present 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0057 57 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0072 72 0073 73 0074 74 0075 75 0076 76 0077 77 0078 78 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0090 90 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0097 97 0098 98 0099 99 or more persons FAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage as indicated by the census forms or inferred from them. FAMSIZE is calculated from the units identified in the IPUMS constructed variable FAMUNIT (family unit membership). The primary family is defined as all persons related to the head in the RELATE variable. Secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). IPUMS Number of own children in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more children in household NCHILD provides a count of the person's own children living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more own children under age 5 in household 98 One or more children have unknown age NCHLT5 provides a count of the person's own children under age five living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household ELDCH gives the age of the person's oldest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. ELDCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household YNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. YNGCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Relationship to household head [general version] 1 Head 2 Spouse/partner 3 Child 4 Other relative 5 Non-relative 6 Other relative or non-relative 9 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Relationship to household head [detailed version] 1000 Head 2000 Spouse/partner 2100 Spouse 2200 Unmarried partner 2210 Civil union 2300 Same-sex spouse/partner 3000 Child 3100 Biological child 3200 Adopted child 3300 Stepchild 3400 Child/child-in-law 3500 Child/child-in-law/grandchild 3600 Child of unmarried partner 4000 Other relative 4100 Grandchild 4110 Grandchild or great grandchild 4120 Great grandchild 4130 Great-great grandchild 4200 Parent/parent-in-law 4210 Parent 4211 Stepparent 4220 Parent-in-law 4300 Child-in-law 4301 Daughter-in-law 4302 Spouse/partner of child 4310 Unmarried partner of child 4400 Sibling/sibling-in-law 4410 Sibling 4420 Stepsibling 4430 Sibling-in-law 4431 Sibling of spouse/partner 4432 Spouse/partner of sibling 4500 Grandparent 4510 Great grandparent 4600 Parent/grandparent/ascendant 4700 Aunt/uncle 4800 Other specified relative 4810 Nephew/niece 4820 Cousin 4830 Sibling's sibling-in-law 4900 Other relative, not elsewhere classified 4910 Other relative with same family name 4920 Other relative with different family name 4930 Other relative, not specified (secondary family) 5000 Non-relative 5100 Friend/guest/visitor/partner 5110 Partner/friend 5111 Friend 5112 Partner/roommate 5113 Housemate/roommate 5120 Visitor 5130 Ex-spouse 5140 Godparent 5150 Godchild 5200 Employee 5210 Domestic employee 5220 Relative of employee, n.s. 5221 Spouse of servant 5222 Child of servant 5223 Other relative of servant 5300 Roomer/boarder/lodger/foster child 5310 Boarder 5311 Boarder or guest 5320 Lodger 5330 Foster child 5340 Tutored/foster child 5350 Tutored child 5400 Employee, boarder, or guest 5500 Other specified non-relative 5510 Agregado 5520 Temporary resident, guest 5600 Group quarters 5610 Group quarters, non-inmates 5620 Institutional inmates 5900 Non-relative, n.e.c. 6000 Other relative or non-relative 9999 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Age 000 Less than 1 year 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100+ 999 Not reported/missing AGE gives age in years as of the person's last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration. IPUMS Age, grouped into intervals 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 0 to 5 06 6 to 10 07 10 to 15 08 11 to 14 09 15 to 17 10 16 to 19 11 18 to 24 12 20 to 24 13 25 to 29 14 30 to 34 15 35 to 39 16 40 to 44 17 45 to 49 18 50 to 54 19 55 to 59 20 60 to 64 21 65 to 69 22 70 to 74 23 75 to 79 24 80 to 84 25 85+ 98 Unknown AGE2 gives computed years of age grouped into intervals. IPUMS Sex 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown SEX reports the sex (gender) of the respondent. IPUMS Marital status [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Single/never married 2 Married/in union 3 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 4 Widowed 9 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Marital status [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Single/never married 110 Engaged 111 Never married and never cohabited 200 Married or consensual union 210 Married, formally 211 Married, civil 212 Married, religious 213 Married, civil and religious 214 Married, civil or religious 215 Married, traditional/customary 216 Married, monogamous 217 Married, polygamous 219 Married, spouse absent (historical samples) 220 Consensual union 300 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 310 Separated or divorced 320 Separated or annulled 330 Separated 331 Separated legally 332 Separated de facto 333 Separated from marriage 334 Separated from consensual union 335 Separated from consensual union or marriage 340 Annulled 350 Divorced 400 Widowed 410 Widowed or divorced 411 Widowed from consensual union or marriage 412 Widowed from marriage 413 Widowed from consensual union 420 Widowed, divorced, or separated 999 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Children ever born 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) CHBORN reports the number of children ever born to each woman of whom the question was asked. In most samples, women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the child was still living. IPUMS Nativity status NIU (not in universe) 1 Native-born 2 Foreign-born 9 Unknown/missing NATIVITY indicates whether the person was native-born or foreign-born. IPUMS Country of birth 00000 NIU (not in universe) 10000 Africa 11000 Eastern Africa 11005 British Indian Ocean Territory 11010 Burundi 11020 Comoros 11030 Djibouti 11040 Eritrea 11050 Ethiopia 11051 Ethiopia (including Eritrea) 11060 Kenya 11070 Madagascar 11080 Malawi 11090 Mauritius 11100 Mozambique 11110 Reunion 11120 Rwanda 11130 Seychelles 11140 Somalia 11150 South Sudan 11160 Uganda 11170 Tanzania 11180 Zambia 11190 Zimbabwe 11999 Eastern Africa, other or n.s. 12000 Middle Africa 12010 Angola 12020 Cameroon 12030 Central African Republic 12040 Chad 12050 Congo (Republic of) 12060 Democratic Republic of Congo 12070 Equatorial Guinea 12080 Gabon 12090 Sao Tome and Principe 12999 Middle Africa, other or n.s. 13000 Northern Africa 13010 Algeria 13011 Algeria/Tunisia 13020 Egypt 13021 Egypt/Sudan 13030 Libya 13040 Morocco 13050 Sudan 13060 Tunisia 13070 Western Sahara 13999 Northern Africa, other or n.s. 14000 Southern Africa 14010 Botswana 14020 Lesotho 14030 Namibia 14040 South Africa 14050 Swaziland 14999 Southern Africa, other or n.s. 15000 Western Africa 15010 Benin 15020 Burkina Faso 15021 Upper Volta 15030 Cape Verde 15040 Ivory Coast 15050 Gambia 15060 Ghana 15070 Guinea 15080 Guinea-Bissau 15081 Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde 15090 Liberia 15100 Mali 15110 Mauritania 15120 Niger 15130 Nigeria 15140 St. Helena and Ascension 15150 Senegal 15160 Sierra Leone 15170 Togo 15180 Canary Islands 15999 West Africa, other or n.s. 19999 Africa, other or n.s. 20000 Americas 21000 Caribbean 21010 Anguilla 21020 Antigua-Barbuda 21030 Aruba 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21060 British Virgin Islands 21070 Cayman Isles 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21100 Dominican Republic 21110 Grenada 21120 Guadeloupe 21130 Haiti 21140 Jamaica 21150 Martinique 21160 Montserrat 21170 Netherlands Antilles 21180 Puerto Rico 21190 St. Kitts-Nevis 21200 St. Croix 21210 St. John 21220 St. Lucia 21230 St Thomas 21240 St. Vincent 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21260 Turks and Caicos 21270 U.S. Virgin Islands 21991 Caribbean commonwealth, n.s. 21999 Caribbean, other or n.s. 22000 Central America 22010 Belize/British Honduras 22020 Costa Rica 22030 El Salvador 22040 Guatemala 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 22080 Panama 22081 Panama Canal Zone 22999 Central America, other or n.s. 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23020 Bolivia 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23050 Colombia 23060 Ecuador 23070 Falkland Islands 23080 French Guiana 23090 Guyana/British Guiana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 23999 South America, other or n.s. 24000 North America 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24030 Greenland 24040 United States 24999 North America, other or n.s. 29999 Americas, other or n.s. 30000 Asia 31000 Eastern Asia 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31012 Macau 31013 Taiwan 31020 Japan 31030 Korea 31031 Korea, DPR (North) 31032 Korea, RO (South) 31040 Mongolia 31999 Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 32000 South-Central Asia 32010 Afghanistan 32020 Bangladesh 32030 Bhutan 32040 India 32041 India/Pakistan 32042 India/Pakistan/Bangladesh/Sri Lanka 32050 Iran 32060 Kazakhstan 32070 Kyrgyzstan 32080 Maldives 32090 Nepal 32100 Pakistan 32101 Pakistan/Bangladesh 32110 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 32120 Tajikistan 32130 Turkmenistan 32140 Uzbekistan 32999 South-Central Asia, other or n.s. 33000 South-Eastern Asia 33010 Brunei 33020 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 33030 East Timor 33040 Indonesia 33050 Laos 33060 Malaysia 33070 Myanmar (Burma) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 33110 Vietnam 33999 South-Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 34000 Western Asia 34010 Armenia 34020 Azerbaijan 34030 Bahrain 34040 Cyprus 34050 Georgia 34051 Abkhazia 34052 South Ossetia 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34071 Israel/Palestine 34080 Jordan 34090 Kuwait 34100 Lebanon 34110 Palestine 34111 West Bank 34112 Gaza Strip 34120 Oman 34130 Qatar 34140 Saudi Arabia 34150 Syria 34151 Syria/Lebanon 34160 Turkey 34170 United Arab Emirates 34180 Yemen 34991 Middle East 34999 Western Asia, other or n.s. 39999 Asia, other or n.s. 40000 Europe 41000 Eastern Europe 41010 Belarus 41020 Bulgaria 41021 Bulgaria/Greece 41030 Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41060 Moldova 41070 Romania 41080 Russia/USSR 41090 Slovakia 41100 Ukraine 41991 Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia 41992 Central-Eastern Europe 41999 Eastern Europe, other or n.s. 42000 Northern Europe 42010 Denmark 42020 Estonia 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42050 Iceland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42080 Lithuania 42090 Norway 42100 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands 42110 Sweden 42120 United Kingdom 42999 Northern Europe, other or n.s. 43000 Southern Europe 43010 Albania 43020 Andorra 43030 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43040 Croatia 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43071 Vatican City 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43100 San Marino 43110 Slovenia 43120 Spain 43121 Spain/Portugal 43130 Macedonia 43140 Yugoslavia 43141 Montenegro 43142 Serbia 43143 Kosovo 43144 Serbia and Montenegro 43991 Gibraltar/Malta 43992 Portugal/Greece 43993 Italy, Holy See, San Marino 43999 Southern Europe, other or n.s. 44000 Western Europe 44010 Austria 44020 Belgium 44021 Belgium/Luxemburg 44022 Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg 44030 France 44040 Germany 44042 West Germany 44043 Germany/Austria 44044 Mecklenburg-Schwerin 44050 Liechtenstein 44060 Luxembourg 44070 Monaco 44080 Netherlands 44090 Switzerland 44991 Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands 44999 Western Europe, other or n.s. 49992 European Union 49993 European Union (original 15) 49994 Other European Union (not original 15) 49999 Europe, other or n.s. 50000 Oceania 51000 Australia and New Zealand 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51030 Norfolk Islands 51999 Australia and New Zealand, n.s. 52000 Melanesia 52010 Fiji 52020 New Caledonia 52030 Papua New Guinea 52040 Solomon Islands 52050 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 52999 Melanesia, n.s. 53000 Micronesia 53010 Kiribati 53020 Marshall Islands 53030 Nauru 53040 Northern Mariana Isls. 53050 Palau 53060 Federated States of Micronesia 53999 Micronesia, other or n.s. 54000 Polynesia 54010 Cook Islands 54020 French Polynesia 54030 Niue 54040 Pitcairn Island 54050 Western Samoa 54060 Eastern Samoa 54070 Tokelau 54080 Tonga 54090 Tuvalu 54100 Wallis and Futuna Isls. 54999 Polynesia, other or n.s. 55000 U.S. Pacific Possessions 55010 American Samoa 55020 Baker Island 55030 Guam 55040 Howland Island 55050 Johnston Atoll 55060 Kingman Reef 55070 Midway Islands 55080 Wake Island 55999 US Pacific, other or n.s. 59999 Oceania, other or n.s. 80000 AT SEA 90000 Other countries n.s. 99999 Unknown BPLCOUNTRY indicates the person's country of birth. IPUMS State of birth, United States 01 Alabama 02 Alaska 04 Arizona 05 Arkansas 06 California 08 Colorado 09 Connecticut 10 Delaware 11 District of Columbia 12 Florida 13 Georgia 15 Hawaii 16 Idaho 17 Illinois 18 Indiana 19 Iowa 20 Kansas 21 Kentucky 22 Louisiana 23 Maine 24 Maryland 25 Massachusetts 26 Michigan 27 Minnesota 28 Mississippi 29 Missouri 30 Montana 31 Nebraska 32 Nevada 33 New Hampshire 34 New Jersey 35 New Mexico 36 New York 37 North Carolina 38 North Dakota 39 Ohio 40 Oklahoma 41 Oregon 42 Pennsylvania 44 Rhode Island 45 South Carolina 46 South Dakota 47 Tennessee 48 Texas 49 Utah 50 Vermont 51 Virginia 53 Washington 54 West Virginia 55 Wisconsin 56 Wyoming 60 United States, n.s. 98 Foreign-born 99 Unknown BPLUS indicates the person's state of birth within the United States. IPUMS Race or color 10 White 20 Black 21 Black African 22 Black Caribbean 23 Afro-Ecuadorian 24 Other Black 30 Indigenous 31 American Indian 32 Latin American Indian 40 Asian 41 Chinese 42 Japanese 43 Korean 44 Vietnamese 45 Filipino 46 Indian 47 Pakistani 48 Bangladeshi 49 Other Asian 50 Mixed race 51 Brown (Brazil) 52 Mestizo (Indigenous and White) 53 Mulatto (Black and White) 54 Coloured (South Africa) 55 Two or more races 60 Other 61 Montubio (Ecuador) 99 Unknown Race identifies the racial group with which a person identified himself or herself, or to which an enumerator assigned them. Determinations of race are based largely on appearance or ancestral place of origin. IPUMS Race, United States 100 White 200 Black 210 Mulatto (1850-1910) 300 American Indian/Alaska Native, not specified 301 Alaskan Athabaskan 302 Aleut 303 Apache 304 Blackfoot 305 Cherokee 306 Cheyenne 307 Chickasaw 308 Chippewa 309 Choctaw 310 Colville 311 Comanche 312 Creek 313 Crow 314 Delaware 315 Eskimo 316 Hopi 317 Houma 318 Inupiat 319 Iroquois 320 Kiowa 321 Lumbee 322 Menominee 323 Navajo 324 Osage 325 Paiute 326 Pima 327 Potawatomi 328 Pueblo 329 Puget Sound Salish 330 Seminole 331 Shoshone 332 Sioux 333 Tlingit (Tlingit-Haida, 2000-2005) 334 Tohono O''Odham 335 Yakama 336 Yaqui 337 Yuman 338 Yup'ik 340 All other tribes 341 AIAN, tribe not specified 342 Other specified Indian tribe (2000-2005) 343 Two or more Indian tribes (2000-2005) 344 Other Alaskan tribe(s) (2000-2005) 345 Both Indian and Alaskan (2000-2005) 346 Tribal responses, n.e.c. 350 Latin American Indian 400 Chinese 410 Taiwanese 420 Chinese and Taiwanese 500 Japanese 600 Filipino 610 Asian Indian 620 Korean 630 Native Hawaiian 631 Asiatic Hawiian 632 Caucasian Hawaiian 640 Vietnamese 641 Bhutanese 642 Mongolian 643 Nepalese 660 Cambodian 661 Hmong 662 Laotian 663 Thai 664 Bangladeshi 665 Burmese 666 Indonesian 667 Malaysian 668 Okinawan 669 Pakistani 670 Sri Lankan 671 All other Asian, n.e.c. 672 Asian, not specified 673 Chinese and Japanese 674 Chinese and Filipino 675 Chinese and Vietnamese 676 Chinese and Asian write-in 677 Japanese and Filipino 678 Asian Indian and Asian write-in 679 Other Asian race combinations 680 Samoan 681 Tahitian 682 Tongan 684 One or more other Polynesian races (2000-2005) 685 Guamanian/Chamorro 686 Northern Mariana Islander 687 Palauan 688 Other Micronesian 689 One or more other Micronesian races (2000-2005) 690 Fijian 691 Other Melanesian 692 One or more Melanesian races (2000-2005) 698 Two or more PI races from multiple regions 699 Pacific Islander (PI), n.s. 700 Other race, n.e.c. 800 Two or more races RACEUS identifies the "race" of the respondent in the United States. Race is a social construct, not a scientific or anthropological concept. Many detailed categories consist of national origin groups. IPUMS Member of an indigenous group NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown INDIG indicates whether the person belonged to an indigenous group. IPUMS School attendance NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No, not specified 3 No, attended in the past 4 No, never attended 9 Unknown/missing SCHOOL indicates whether or not the person attended school at the time of the census or within some specified period of time prior to the census. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Less than primary completed 2 Primary completed 3 Secondary completed 4 University completed 9 Unknown EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Less than primary completed (n.s.) 110 No schooling 120 Some primary completed 130 Primary (4 yrs) completed 211 Primary (5 yrs) completed 212 Primary (6 yrs) completed 221 Lower secondary general completed 222 Lower secondary technical completed 311 Secondary, general track completed 312 Some college completed 320 Secondary or post-secondary technical completed 321 Secondary, technical track completed 322 Post-secondary technical education 400 University completed 999 Unknown/missing EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Years of schooling 00 None or pre-school 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years or more 90 Not specified 91 Some primary 92 Some technical after primary 93 Some secondary 94 Some tertiary 95 Adult literacy 96 Special education 98 Unknown/missing 99 NIU (not in universe) YRSCHOOL indicates the highest grade/level of schooling the person had completed, in years. Only formal schooling is counted. YRSCHOOL accounts for the number of years of study, regardless of the track or kind of study. Information on degree and/or technical track is available in EDATTAIN. Years of schooling for Israel, categorized into intervals, are given in YRSCHOOL2. Users should pay close attention to the top-codes in each sample, as discussed in the comparability section. IPUMS Educational attainment, United States 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 None or preschool 101 None 102 Nursery school 103 Kindergarten 200 Grades 1 to 4 201 Grade 1 202 Grade 2 203 Grade 3 204 Grade 4 300 Grades 5 to 8 301 Grade 5 302 Grade 6 303 Grade 7 304 Grade 8 400 Grade 9 500 Grade 10 600 Grade 11 700 Grade 12 701 Grade 12, no diploma 702 High school graduate or equivalency degree 703 High school diploma 704 Graduate equivalency diploma (GED) 800 Post-secondary 810 Post-secondary: years of schooling (1960-1980) 811 1 year of college 812 2 years of college 813 3 years of college 814 4 years of college 815 5 years of college 816 6 years of college (6+ years, 1960-1970) 817 7 years of college 818 8+ years of college (1980) 820 Post-secondary: degree (1990-2010) 821 Some college, no degree 822 Associate degree, occupational 823 Associate degree, academic 824 Associate dregree, type not specified 825 Bachelors degree 826 Masters degree 827 Professional degree 828 Doctorate degree EDUCUS indicates the highest educational level in the United States that the person had completed at the time of the census. IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Employed 2 Unemployed 3 Inactive 9 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Employed, not specified 110 At work 111 At work, and 'student' 112 At work, and 'housework' 113 At work, and 'seeking work' 114 At work, and 'retired' 115 At work, and 'no work' 116 At work, and other situation 117 At work, family holding, not specified 118 At work, family holding, not agricultural 119 At work, family holding, agricultural 120 Have job, not at work in reference period 130 Armed forces 131 Armed forces, at work 132 Armed forces, not at work in reference period 133 Military trainee 140 Marginally employed 200 Unemployed, not specified 201 Unemployed 6 or more months 202 Worked fewer than 6 months, permanent job 203 Worked fewer than 6 months, temporary job 210 Unemployed, experienced worker 220 Unemployed, new worker 230 No work available 240 Inactive unemployed 300 Inactive (not in labor force) 310 Housework 320 Unable to work, disabled or health reasons 321 Permanent disability 322 Temporary illness 323 Disabled or imprisoned 330 In school 340 Retirees and living on rent 341 Living on rents 342 Living on rents or pension 343 Retirees/pensioners 344 Retired 345 Pensioner 346 Non-retirement pension 347 Disability pension 348 Retired without benefits 350 Elderly 351 Elderly or disabled 360 Institutionalized 361 Prisoner 370 Intermittent worker 371 Not working, seasonal worker 372 Not working, occasional worker 380 Other income recipient 390 Inactive, other reasons 391 Too young to work 392 Dependent 999 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Labor force participation 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable identifying whether a person participated in the labor force. Labor force participation generally means working or seeking work within a specified reference period. For most samples LABFORCE is a recode of EMPSTAT (employment status). A consistent lower age universe of 15 or older has been applied to increase comparability across samples. Full detail is retained in EMPSTAT, which should be used for any study of child labor. IPUMS Occupation, ISCO general 01 Legislators, senior officials and managers 02 Professionals 03 Technicians and associate professionals 04 Clerks 05 Service workers and shop and market sales 06 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 07 Crafts and related trades workers 08 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 09 Elementary occupations 10 Armed forces 11 Other occupations, unspecified or n.e.c. 97 Response suppressed 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) OCCISCO records the person's primary occupation, coded according to the major categories in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) scheme for 1988. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is typically the one in which the person had spent the most time or earned the most money. IPUMS Occupation, unrecoded OCC records the person's primary occupation, classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is usually the one in which the person spent the most time or earned the most money, although this may not have been explicit in the instructions for a specific census. To ensure confidentiality, very small occupations are recoded to a residual category indicating the persons had an occupation, but the job title is not identified. The number of cases recoded should be too small to affect analyses. OCC is a 4-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 4 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Belarus 1999 - Russian Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1985 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 1976 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981-1991 Canada 2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 Colombia 1973 - Spanish Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d'Ivoire 1988 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Denmark 1845 Denmark 1880 Denmark 1885 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1974 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971-1991 - Greek Greece 2001 - Greek Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 1996 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 1988 Honduras 2001 Hungary 1970-1990 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983-2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2005 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1901 Ireland 1911 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kenya 1989 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Laos 1995 Lesotho 1996 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico Surveys 2005-2020 Mongolia 2000 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970 - Spanish Panama 1980 - Spanish Panama 1990 - Spanish Panama 2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 1990 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 1988 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991 - Portuguese Portugal 2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970 Puerto Rico 1980 Puerto Rico 1990 Puerto Rico 2000-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2002 Senegal 2013 Slovak Republic 1991 Slovak Republic 2001 Slovak Republic 2011 Sierra Leone 2004 Sierra Leone 2015 Slovenia 2002 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001 South Africa 2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970 Switzerland 1980 Switzerland 1990 Switzerland 2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 1988 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1960 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 1991 Uganda 2002 Uganda 2014 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1975 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 Zimbabwe 2012 IPUMS Occupation 1950 basis, U.S. 000 Accountants and auditors 001 Actors and actresses 002 Airplane pilots and navigators 003 Architects 004 Artists and art teachers 005 Athletes 006 Authors 007 Chemists 008 Chiropractors 009 Clergymen 010 College presidents and deans 012 Agricultural sciences 013 Biological sciences 014 Chemistry 015 Economics 016 Engineering 017 Geology and geophysics 018 Mathematics 019 Medical sciences 023 Physics 024 Psychology 025 Statistics 026 Natural science (n.e.c.) 027 Social sciences (n.e.c.) 028 Nonscientific subjects 029 Subject not specified 031 Dancers and dancing teachers 032 Dentists 033 Designers 034 Dieticians and nutritionists 035 Draftsmen 036 Editors and reporters 041 Engineers, aeronautical 042 Engineers, chemical 043 Engineers, civil 044 Engineers, electrical 045 Engineers, industrial 046 Engineers, mechanical 047 Engineers, metallurgical, metallurgists 048 Engineers, mining 049 Engineers (n.e.c.) 051 Entertainers (n.e.c.) 052 Farm and home management advisors 053 Foresters and conservationists 054 Funeral directors and embalmers 055 Lawyers and judges 056 Librarians 057 Musicians and music teachers 058 Nurses, professional 059 Nurses, student professional 061 Agricultural scientists 062 Biological scientists 063 Geologists and geophysicists 067 Mathematicians 068 Physicists 069 Miscellaneous natural scientists 070 Optometrists 071 Osteopaths 072 Personnel and labor relations workers 073 Pharmacists 074 Photographers 075 Physicians and surgeons 076 Radio operators 077 Recreation and group workers 078 Religious workers 079 Social and welfare workers, except group 081 Economists 082 Psychologists 083 Statisticians and actuaries 084 Miscellaneous social scientists 091 Sports instructors and officials 092 Surveyors 093 Teachers (n.e.c.) 094 Technicians, medical and dental 095 Technicians, testing 096 Technicians (n.e.c.) 097 Therapists and healers (n.e.c.) 098 Veterinarians 099 Professional, technical and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 100 Farmers (owners and tenants) 123 Farm managers 200 Buyers and department heads, store 201 Buyers and shippers, farm products 203 Conductors, railroad 204 Credit men 205 Floormen and floor managers, store 210 Inspectors, public administration 230 Managers and superintendents, building 240 Officers, pilots, pursers and engineers, ship 250 Officials and administrators (n.e.c.), public administration 260 Officials, lodge, society, union, etc. 270 Postmasters 280 Purchasing agents and buyers (n.e.c.) 290 Managers, officials, and proprietors (n.e.c.) 300 Agents (n.e.c.) 301 Attendants and assistants, library 302 Attendants, physician's and dentist's office 304 Baggagemen, transportation 305 Bank tellers 310 Bookkeepers 320 Cashiers 321 Collectors, bill and account 322 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 325 Express messengers and railway mail clerks 335 Mail carriers 340 Messengers and office boys 341 Office machine operators 342 Shipping and receiving clerks 350 Stenographers, typists, and secretaries 360 Telegraph messengers 365 Telegraph operators 370 Telephone operators 380 Ticket, station, and express agents 390 Clerical and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 400 Advertising agents and salesmen 410 Auctioneers 420 Demonstrators 430 Hucksters and peddlers 450 Insurance agents and brokers 460 Newsboys 470 Real estate agents and brokers 480 Stock and bond salesmen 490 Salesmen and sales clerks (n.e.c.) 500 Bakers 501 Blacksmiths 502 Bookbinders 503 Boilermakers 504 Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 505 Cabinetmakers 510 Carpenters 511 Cement and concrete finishers 512 Compositors and typesetters 513 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 514 Decorators and window dressers 515 Electricians 520 Electrotypers and stereotypers 521 Engravers, except photoengravers 522 Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators 523 Foremen (n.e.c.) 524 Forgemen and hammermen 525 Furriers 530 Glaziers 531 Heat treaters, annealers, temperers 532 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber 533 Inspectors (n.e.c.) 534 Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths 535 Job setters, metal 540 Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, and power 541 Locomotive engineers 542 Locomotive firemen 543 Loom fixers 544 Machinists 545 Mechanics and repairmen, airplane 550 Mechanics and repairmen, automobile 551 Mechanics and repairmen, office machine 552 Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television 553 Mechanics and repairmen, railroad and car shop 554 Mechanics and repairmen (n.e.c.) 555 Millers, grain, flour, feed, etc. 560 Millwrights 561 Molders, metal 562 Motion picture projectionists 563 Opticians and lens grinders and polishers 564 Painters, construction and maintenance 565 Paperhangers 570 Pattern and model makers, except paper 571 Photoengravers and lithographers 572 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 573 Plasterers 574 Plumbers and pipe fitters 575 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 580 Rollers and roll hands, metal 581 Roofers and slaters 582 Shoemakers and repairers, except factory 583 Stationary engineers 584 Stone cutters and stone carvers 585 Structural metal workers 590 Tailors and tailoresses 591 Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal workers 592 Tool makers, and die makers and setters 593 Upholsterers 594 " 595 Members of the armed services 600 Apprentice auto mechanics 601 Apprentice bricklayers and masons 602 Apprentice carpenters 603 Apprentice electricians 604 Apprentice machinists and toolmakers 605 Apprentice mechanics, except auto 610 Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters 611 Apprentices, building trades (n.e.c.) 612 Apprentices, metalworking trades (n.e.c.) 613 Apprentices, printing trades 614 Apprentices, other specified trades 615 Apprentices, trade not specified 620 Asbestos and insulation workers 621 Attendants, auto service and parking 622 Blasters and powdermen 623 Boatmen, canalmen, and lock keepers 624 Brakemen, railroad 625 Bus drivers 630 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying 631 Conductors, bus and street railway 632 Deliverymen and routemen 633 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 634 Dyers 635 Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal 640 Fruit, nut, and vegetable graders, and packers, except factory 641 Furnacemen, smeltermen and pourers 642 Heaters, metal 643 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives 644 Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing house 645 Milliners 650 Mine operatives and laborers 660 Motormen, mine, factory, logging camp, etc. 661 Motormen, street, subway, and elevated railway 662 Oilers and greaser, except auto 670 Painters, except construction or maintenance 671 Photographic process workers 672 Power station operators 673 Sailors and deck hands 674 Sawyers 675 Spinners, textile 680 Stationary firemen 681 Switchmen, railroad 682 Taxicab drivers and chauffers 683 Truck and tractor drivers 684 Weavers, textile 685 Welders and flame cutters 690 Operative and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 700 Housekeepers, private household 710 Laundressses, private household 720 Private household workers (n.e.c.) 730 Attendants, hospital and other institution 731 Attendants, professional and personal service (n.e.c.) 732 Attendants, recreation and amusement 740 Barbers, beauticians, and manicurists 750 Bartenders 751 Bootblacks 752 Boarding and lodging house keepers 753 Charwomen and cleaners 754 Cooks, except private household 760 Counter and fountain workers 761 Elevator operators 762 Firemen, fire protection 763 Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers 764 Housekeepers and stewards, except private household 770 Janitors and sextons 771 Marshals and constables 772 Midwives 773 Policemen and detectives 780 Porters 781 Practical nurses 782 Sheriffs and bailiffs 783 Ushers, recreation and amusement 784 Waiters and waitresses 785 Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders 790 Service workers, except private household (n.e.c.) 810 Farm foremen 820 Farm laborers, wage workers 830 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 840 Farm service laborers, self-employed 910 Fishermen and oystermen 920 Garage laborers and car washers and greasers 930 Gardeners, except farm, and groundskeepers 940 Longshoremen and stevedores 950 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 960 Teamsters 970 Laborers (n.e.c.) 975 Employed, unclassifiable 980 Keeps house/house work/housewife 981 Imputed keeping house (1860-1880) 982 At home/ helps in home 983 At school 984 Retired 985 Unemployed/ without occupation 986 Invalid/sick/disabled 987 Inmate/prisoner 991 Capitalist/gentleman 995 Other non-occupational response 997 Occupation missing/unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) OCC95US provides a consistent classification of occupation across U.S. samples. Occupation describes the type of (usually market-oriented) work the person performs. Note regarding universe: "New workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time who have not yet secured their first job. IPUMS Industry, general recode 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 Agriculture, fishing, and forestry 020 Mining and extraction 030 Manufacturing 040 Electricity, gas, water and waste management 050 Construction 060 Wholesale and retail trade 070 Hotels and restaurants 080 Transportation, storage, and communications 090 Financial services and insurance 100 Public administration and defense 110 Services, not specified 111 Business services and real estate 112 Education 113 Health and social work 114 Other services 120 Private household services 130 Other industry, n.e.c. 998 Response suppressed 999 Unknown INDGEN recodes the industrial classifications of the various samples into twelve groups that can be fairly consistently identified across all available samples. The groupings roughly conform to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The third digit of INDGEN retains important detail among the service industries that could not be consistently distinguished in all samples. "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which a person worked. IPUMS Industry, unrecoded "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which the person worked. IND is classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time, and is not recoded by IPUMS-International. IND is a 5-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 5 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2001 Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Austria 2011 Bangladesh 1991 Bangladesh 2001 Bangladesh 2011 Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981 Canada 1991-2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 Chile 2017 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 - Spanish Colombia 1973 - Spanish Colombia 1993 - Spanish Colombia 2005 - Spanish Costa Rica 1963 Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d’Ivoire 1988 Cote d’Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 1996 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1966 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1968 - French France 1975-1982 - French France 1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1971 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971 Greece 1981 Greece 1991-2001 Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1971 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 2001 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983 India 1987 India 1993 India 1999 India 2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2000 Indonesia 2005 Indonesia 2010 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2013 Italy Surveys 2014-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 Laos 1995 Laos 2005 Laos 2015 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico surveys 2005-2019 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2006 Nigeria 2007 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970-1980 - Spanish Panama 1990-2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 1995 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991-2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2013 Sierra Leone 2004 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001-2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970-2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 2002 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1985 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 IPUMS Industry 1950 basis, U.S. 000 NIU (not in universe) 105 Agriculture 106 Own farm 116 Forestry 126 Fisheries 136 Hunting 206 Metal mining 216 Coal mining 226 Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction 236 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel 239 Mining, not specified 246 Construction 306 Logging 307 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 308 Miscellaneous wood products 309 Furniture and fixtures 316 Glass and glass products 317 Cement, concrete, gypsum and plaster products 318 Structural clay products 319 Pottery and related products 326 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products 336 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills 337 Other primary iron and steel industries 338 Primary nonferrous industries 346 Fabricated steel products 347 Fabricated nonferrous metal products 348 Not specified metal industries 356 Agricultural machinery and tractors 357 Office and store machines and devices 358 Miscellaneous machinery 367 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies 376 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 377 Aircraft and parts 378 Ship and boat building and repairing 379 Railroad and miscellaneous transportation equipment 386 Professional equipment and supplies 387 Photographic equipment and supplies 388 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devices 399 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 406 Meat products 407 Dairy products 408 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafoods 409 Grain-mill products 416 Bakery products 417 Confectionery and related products 418 Beverage industries 419 Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products 426 Not specified food industries 429 Tobacco manufactures 436 Knitting mills 437 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except knit goods 438 Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings 439 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 446 Miscellaneous textile mill products 448 Apparel and accessories 449 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 456 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 457 Paperboard containers and boxes 458 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 459 Printing, publishing, and allied industries 466 Synthetic fibers 467 Drugs and medicines 468 Paints, varnishes, and related products 469 Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products 476 Petroleum refining 477 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 478 Rubber products 487 Leather: tanned, curried, and finished 488 Footwear, except rubber 489 Leather products, except footwear 499 Not specified manufacturing industries 506 Railroads and railway express service 516 Street railways and bus lines 526 Trucking service 527 Warehousing and storage 536 Taxicab service 546 Water transportation 556 Air transportation 567 Petroleum and gasoline pipe lines 568 Services incidental to transportation 578 Telephone 579 Telegraph 586 Electric light and power 587 Gas and steam supply systems 588 Electric-gas utilities 596 Water supply 597 Sanitary services 598 Other and not specified utilities 606 Motor vehicles and equipment 607 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 608 Dry goods apparel 609 Food and related products 616 Electrical goods, hardware, and plumbing equipment 617 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 618 Petroleum products 619 Farm products--raw materials 626 Miscellaneous wholesale trade 627 Not specified wholesale trade 636 Food stores, except dairy products 637 Dairy products stores and milk retailing 646 General merchandise stores 647 Five and ten cent stores 656 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe 657 Shoe stores 658 Furniture and house furnishing stores 659 Household appliance and radio stores 667 Motor vehicles and accessories retailing 668 Gasoline service stations 669 Drug stores 679 Eating and drinking places 686 Hardware and farm implement stores 687 Lumber and building material retailing 688 Liquor stores 689 Retail florists 696 Jewelry stores 697 Fuel and ice retailing 698 Miscellaneous retail stores 699 Not specified retail trade 716 Banking and credit agencies 726 Security and commodity brokerage and investment companies 736 Insurance 746 Real estate 756 Real estate-insurance-law offices 806 Advertising 807 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 808 Miscellaneous business services 816 Auto repair services and garages 817 Miscellaneous repair services 826 Private households 836 Hotels and lodging places 846 Laundering, cleaning, and dyeing services 847 Dressmaking shops 848 Shoe repair shops 849 Miscellaneous personal services 856 Radio broadcasting and television 857 Theaters and motion pictures 858 Bowling alleys, and billiard and pool parlors 859 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 868 Medical and other health services, except hospitals 869 Hospitals 879 Legal services 888 Educational services 896 Welfare and religious services 897 Nonprofit membership organizations 898 Engineering and architectural services 899 Miscellaneous professional and related services 900 Library, museum, and other related institutions 906 Postal service 916 Federal public administration 926 State public administration 936 Local public administration 946 Public Administration, level not specified 976 Common or General laborer 982 Housework at home 983 School response (students, etc.) 984 Retired 986 Sick or disabled 987 Institution response 991 Lady/Man of leisure 995 Non-industrial response 997 Nonclassifiable 998 Industry not reported IND95US provides a consistent classification of industry across U.S. samples and the 1891 and 1911 censuses of Canada. Industry describes the type of goods or services produced by the place in which a person worked. Note regarding universe: "New workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time who had not yet secured their first job. IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Self-employed 2 Wage/salary worker 3 Unpaid worker 4 Other 9 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Self-employed 101 Self-employed, unincorporated 102 Self-employed, incorporated 110 Employer 111 Sharecropper, employer 120 Working on own account 121 Own account, agriculture 122 Domestic worker, self-employed 123 Subsistence worker, own consumption 124 Own account, other 125 Own account, without temporary/unpaid help 126 Own account, with temporary/unpaid help 130 Member of cooperative 140 Sharecropper 141 Sharecropper, self-employed 142 Sharecropper, employee 150 Kibbutz member 199 Self-employed, not specified 200 Wage/salary worker 201 Management 202 Non-management 203 White collar (non-manual) 204 Blue collar (manual) 205 White or blue collar 206 Day laborer 207 Employee, with a permanent job 208 Employee, occasional, temporary, contract 209 Employee without legal contract 210 Wage/salary worker, private employer 211 Apprentice 212 Religious worker 213 Wage/salary worker, non-profit, NGO 214 White collar, private 215 Blue collar, private 216 Paid family worker 217 Cooperative employee 220 Wage/salary worker, government 221 Federal, government employee 222 State government employee 223 Local government employee 224 White collar, public 225 Blue collar, public 226 Public companies 227 Civil servants, local collectives 230 Domestic worker (work for private household) 240 Seasonal migrant 241 Seasonal migrant, no broker 242 Seasonal migrant, uses broker 250 Other wage and salary 251 Canal zone/commission employee 252 Government employment/training program 253 Mixed state/private enterprise/parastatal 254 Government public work program 255 State enterprise employee 256 Coordinated and continuous collaboration job 300 Unpaid worker 310 Unpaid family worker 320 Apprentice, unpaid or unspecified 330 Trainee 340 Apprentice or trainee 350 Works for others without wage 400 Other 999 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Months worked last year 00 Less than one month 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 12 12 months 98 Not reported/unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) WRKMTHS gives the number of months that the respondent worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Hours worked per week, categorized None 1 1 to 14 hours (except tt1980, tt1990 and tt2000) 2 15 to 29 hours (except de1970, ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 3 30 to 39 hours (except de1970, ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 4 40-48 hours (except il1972, tt1980, tt1990, and tt2000) 5 49 hours or more (except il1972 and tt2000) 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) HRSWORK2 indicates the number of hours the respondent worked per week at all jobs, categorized into intervals. IPUMS Actual hours worked per week, categorized None 1 1 to 14 hours (except tt1980, tt1990, and tt2000) 2 15 to 29 hours (except ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 3 30 to 39 hours (except ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 4 40 to 48 hours (except tt1980, tt1990, and tt2000) 5 49 hours or more (except tt2000) 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) HRSACTUAL2 indicates the actual number of hours the respondent worked per week at all jobs, categorized into intervals. IPUMS Means of transportation to work or school 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 None, does not travel to work or school 20 Walking 21 Walks or bicycle 22 Walks, bicycle, or motorcycle 30 Private vehicle 31 Auto, truck, van 32 Auto (driver) 33 Auto (passenger) 34 Auto, motorcycle, moped 35 Motorcycle, moped, or scooter 36 Bicycle 37 Bicycle or motorcycle/moped 38 Boat 40 Public transportation 41 Bus or trolley bus 42 Bus or streetcar 43 Streetcar or trolley car 44 Railroad or train 45 Subway or elevated train 46 Other public transportation 50 Other 51 Taxicab 52 Ferryboat 53 Special transportation (company coach, school bus, etc.) 54 Hired transport 55 Shared private transport 56 Horse or animal-drawn vehicle 57 Other, not elsewhere classified 60 Combination of several means 99 Unknown/missing TRNWRK identifies the primary or usual means of transportation the person took either to work or school. In censuses in which a person could report multiple modes of transportation, TRNWRK includes only the first response. IPUMS Total income INCTOT reports the person's total personal income from all sources in the previous month or year. INCTOT is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes9999998 = Unknown/missing. 9999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Brazil 1991: 9,999,997+ Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Dominican Republic 1981: 3,000+ Dominican Republic 2002: 500,000+ Indonesia 1976: 600,000+ Mexico 1970: 5,500,000+ Panama 2010: 10,000+ Puerto Rico 1980: 50,000+ South Africa 1996: 360,001+ South Africa 2001-2011: 2,457,601+ Trinidad and Tobago 1970: 1,200+ Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 13,000+ U.S.A. 1960: 25,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 75,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 400,000 U.S.A. 2000: 999,998+ Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 2005-2020: -19,998 U.S.A. 1960: -9,900 U.S.A. 1970: -9,900 U.S.A. 1980: -9,995 U.S.A. 1990, 2005-2020: -19,998 U.S.A. 2000: -20,000 IPUMS Wage and salary income INCWAGE reports the respondent's weekly, monthly or annual wage and salary income. INCWAGE is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes9999998 = Unknown/missing. 9999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Israel 1983: 74,716+ Israel 1995: 20,000+ Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Dominican Republic 1981: 2000+ Germany 1970: 2,500+ Indonesia 1995: 9,999,997+ Italy Surveys 2011-2020: 3000+ Jamaica 1982: 100,000+ Jamaica 1991: 100,000+ Jamaica 2001: 3,000,000+ Panama 1970: 800+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Panama 2010: 10,000+ Puerto Rico 1970-1980: 50,000+ Puerto Rico 1990: 140,000+ Puerto Rico 2000: 175,000+ Puerto Rico 2005: 999,999+ Puerto Rico 2010: 173,000+ Puerto Rico 2015-2020: 99.5th percentile in the state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs.) Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 55,000+ U.S.A. 1960: 25,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 75,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 140,000 U.S.A. 2000: State median of values over 175,000 U.S.A. 2005-2020: 99.5th percentile within each state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs.) IPUMS Self-employment income INCSELF indicates the respondent's monthly or annual income from self-employment (farm and business). INCSELF is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999998 = Unknown/missing. 999999 = NIU (not in universe). Country-specific codes Israel 1995 Top codes:Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Israel 1995: 40,000+ Israel 2008: 279,950+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Panama 2010: 5,000+ Puerto Rico 1980: 50,000 Puerto Rico 1990: 64,146 Puerto Rico 2000: 367,000 (median of values over 126,000) Puerto Rico 2005 - 2020: 99.5th percentile in each state Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 11,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000 U.S.A. 1980: 75,000 U.S.A. 1990: 171,250 U.S.A. 2000: 126,000 (State median of values over 126,000) U.S.A. 2005 - 2020: 99.5th percentile in each state Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 1970: 0. Puerto Rico 1980: -9,995 Puerto Rico 1990: -4,999 Puerto Rico 2000: -10,000 Puerto Rico 2005 - 2020: -9,999 U.S.A. 1970: -9,900 U.S.A. 1980: -9,995 U.S.A. 1990: -9,999 U.S.A. 2000: -10,000 U.S.A. 2005 - 2020: -9,999 IPUMS Income from anti-poverty or welfare programs INCWEL reports the monthly or annual income the respondent received from anti-poverty or welfare programs. INCWEL is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999998 = Unknown/missing. 999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Israel 1995: 3,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 9,995+ U.S.A. 1990: 10,000+ U.S.A. 2000: State mean of values over 12,300 Puerto Rico 2000: 21,000+ IPUMS Migration status, 5 years 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Same major administrative unit 11 Same major, same minor administrative unit 12 Same major, different minor administrative unit 20 Different major administrative unit 30 Abroad 99 Unknown/missing MIGRATE5 indicates the person's place of residence 5 years ago. The first digit records movement across major administrative divisions and countries. The second digit reports movement across minor administrative divisions, for samples in which that detail is available. IPUMS Country of residence 5 years ago 00000 NIU (not in universe) 10000 Africa 11000 Eastern Africa 11010 Burundi 11020 Comoros 11030 Djibouti 11040 Eritrea 11050 Ethiopia 11060 Kenya 11070 Madagascar 11080 Malawi 11090 Mauritius 11100 Mozambique 11110 Reunion 11120 Rwanda 11130 Seychelles 11140 Somalia 11150 South Sudan 11160 Uganda 11170 Tanzania 11180 Zambia 11190 Zimbabwe 11999 Eastern Africa, n.s. 12000 Middle Africa 12010 Angola 12020 Cameroon 12030 Central African Republic 12040 Chad 12050 Congo 12060 Democratic Republic of Congo 12070 Equatorial Guinea 12080 Gabon 12090 Sao Tome and Principe 12999 Middle Africa, n.s. 13000 Northern Africa 13010 Algeria 13020 Egypt/United Arab Rep. 13030 Libya 13040 Morocco 13050 Sudan 13060 Tunisia 13070 Western Sahara 13999 Northern Africa, n.s. 14000 Southern Africa 14010 Botswana 14020 Lesotho 14030 Namibia 14040 South Africa 14050 Swaziland 14999 Southern Africa, n.s. 15000 Western Africa 15010 Benin 15020 Burkina Faso 15030 Cape Verde 15040 Ivory Coast 15050 Gambia 15060 Ghana 15070 Guinea 15080 Guinea-Bissau 15090 Liberia 15100 Mali 15110 Mauritania 15120 Niger 15130 Nigeria 15140 St. Helena and Ascension 15150 Senegal 15160 Sierra Leone 15170 Togo 15999 Western Africa, n.s. 19999 Africa, n.s. 20000 Americas 21000 Caribbean 21010 Anguilla 21020 Antigua-Barbuda 21030 Aruba 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21060 British Virgin Islands 21070 Cayman Isles 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21100 Dominican Republic 21110 Grenada 21120 Guadeloupe 21130 Haiti 21140 Jamaica 21150 Martinique 21160 Montserrat 21170 Netherlands Antilles 21180 Puerto Rico 21190 St. Kitts-Nevis 21200 St. Croix 21210 St. John 21220 St. Lucia 21230 St. Thomas 21240 St. Vincent 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21260 Turks and Caicos 21270 U.S. Virgin Islands 21280 Curacao 21290 Sint Maarten 21999 Caribbean, n.s. 22000 Central America 22010 Belize/British Honduras 22020 Costa Rica 22030 El Salvador 22040 Guatemala 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 22080 Panama 22081 Panama Canal Zone 22990 Central America, n.s. 22991 Central America and Caribbean 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23020 Bolivia 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23050 Colombia 23060 Ecuador 23070 Falkland Islands 23080 French Guiana 23090 Guyana/British Guiana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 23999 South America, n.s. 24000 North America 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24030 Greenland 24040 United States 24041 U.S. Outlying Areas and Territories 24999 North or Central America, n.s. 29999 Americas, n.s. 30000 Asia 31000 Eastern Asia 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31012 Macau 31013 Taiwan 31020 Japan 31030 Korea 31031 Korea, DPR (North) 31032 Korea, RO (South) 31040 Mongolia 32000 South-Central Asia 32010 Afghanistan 32020 Bangladesh 32030 Bhutan 32040 India 32050 Iran 32060 Kazakhstan 32070 Kyrgyzstan 32080 Maldives 32090 Nepal 32100 Pakistan 32110 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 32120 Tajikistan 32130 Turkmenistan 32140 Uzbekistan 32900 South Asia, not specified 33000 South-Eastern Asia 33010 Brunei 33020 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 33030 East Timor 33040 Indonesia 33050 Laos 33060 Malaysia 33070 Myanmar (Burma) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 33110 Vietnam 33900 South-Eastern Asia, not specified 34000 Western Asia 34010 Armenia 34020 Azerbaijan 34030 Bahrain 34040 Cyprus 34050 Georgia 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34080 Jordan 34090 Kuwait 34100 Lebanon 34110 Palestine 34120 Oman 34130 Qatar 34140 Saudi Arabia 34150 Syria 34151 Syria/Lebanon 34160 Turkey 34170 United Arab Emirates 34180 Yemen 34999 Middle East, n.e.c. 39999 Asia, n.s. 40000 Europe 41000 Eastern Europe 41010 Belarus 41020 Bulgaria 41030 Czech Republic 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41060 Moldova 41070 Romania 41080 Russia/USSR 41090 Slovakia 41100 Ukraine 41999 Eastern Europe, n.e.c. 42000 Northern Europe 42010 Denmark 42020 Estonia 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42050 Iceland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42080 Lithuania 42090 Norway 42110 Sweden 42120 United Kingdom 42199 Scandinavia 42999 Northern Europe, n.e.c. 43000 Southern Europe 43010 Albania 43020 Andorra 43030 Bosnia 43040 Croatia 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43100 San Marino 43110 Slovenia 43120 Spain 43130 Macedonia 43140 Yugoslavia 43141 Montenegro 43142 Serbia 43143 Kosovo 43999 Southern Europe, n.s. 44000 Western Europe 44010 Austria 44020 Belgium 44021 Belgium/Luxembourg 44022 Benelux (Belgium/Netherlands/Luxembourg) 44030 France 44040 Germany 44050 Liechtenstein 44060 Luxembourg 44070 Monaco 44080 Netherlands 44090 Switzerland 44999 Western Europe, n.e.c. 49999 Europe, n.s. 50000 Oceania 51000 Australia and New Zealand 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51030 Norfolk Islands 51999 Australia and New Zealand, n.s. 52000 Melanesia 52010 Fiji 52020 New Caledonia 52030 Papua New Guinea 52040 Solomon Islands 52050 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 52999 Melanesia, n.e.c. 53000 Micronesia 53010 Kiribati 53020 Marshall Islands 53030 Nauru 53040 Northern Mariana Isls. 53050 Palau 53999 Micronesia, n.e.c. 54000 Polynesia 54010 Cook Islands 54020 French Polynesia 54030 Niue 54040 Pitcairn Island 54050 Samoa 54060 Tokelau 54070 Tonga 54080 Tuvalu 54090 Wallis and Futuna Isls. 54999 Polynesia, n.e.c. 59999 Oceania, n.s. 60000 Other 60010 Other Arab country 90000 Non-migrants (international) 99998 Response suppressed 99999 Unknown MIGCTRY5 indicates the country of residence 5 years ago for international migrants. Persons who did not live abroad 5 years earlier are coded to the "non-migrant" category. IPUMS 1st subnational geographic level of residence 5 years prior to survey, world [consistent boundaries over time] 032002 City of Buenos Aires [Province: Argentina] 032006 Buenos Aires province [Province: Argentina] 032010 Catamarca [Province: Argentina] 032014 Córdoba [Province: Argentina] 032018 Corrientes [Province: Argentina] 032022 Chaco [Province: Argentina] 032026 Chubut [Province: Argentina] 032030 Entre Ríos [Province: Argentina] 032034 Formosa [Province: Argentina] 032038 Jujuy [Province: Argentina] 032042 La Pampa [Province: Argentina] 032046 La Rioja [Province: Argentina] 032050 Mendoza [Province: Argentina] 032054 Misiones [Province: Argentina] 032058 Neuquén [Province: Argentina] 032062 Río Negro [Province: Argentina] 032066 Salta [Province: Argentina] 032070 San Juan [Province: Argentina] 032074 San Luis [Province: Argentina] 032078 Santa Cruz [Province: Argentina] 032082 Santa Fe [Province: Argentina] 032086 Santiago del Estero [Province: Argentina] 032090 Tucumán [Province: Argentina] 032094 Tierra del Fuego [Province: Argentina] 032096 Argentina, unknown [Province: Argentina] 032097 Foreign country [Province: Argentina] 032098 Unknown [Province: Argentina] 032999 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Argentina] 068001 Chuquisaca [Department: Bolivia] 068002 La Paz [Department: Bolivia] 068003 Cochabamba [Department: Bolivia] 068004 Oruro [Department: Bolivia] 068005 Potosí [Department: Bolivia] 068006 Tarija [Department: Bolivia] 068007 Santa Cruz [Department: Bolivia] 068008 Beni [Department: Bolivia] 068009 Pando [Department: Bolivia] 068096 Bolivia, province unknown [Department: Bolivia] 068097 Foreign country [Department: Bolivia] 068098 Unknown [Department: Bolivia] 068099 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Bolivia] 072001 Gaborone [District: Botswana] 072002 Francistown [District: Botswana] 072003 Lobatse [District: Botswana] 072004 Selebi Phikwe [District: Botswana] 072007 Central Tutume, Sowa [District: Botswana] 072010 Ngwaketse, Ngwaketse West, Ngwaketse Southern, Southern, Jwaneng [District: Botswana] 072011 Borolong [District: Botswana] 072020 South East [District: Botswana] 072030 Kweneng, Kweneng South, Kweneng North [District: Botswana] 072040 Kgatleng [District: Botswana] 072050 Central Serowe/Palapye [District: Botswana] 072051 Central Mahalapye [District: Botswana] 072052 Central Bobonong [District: Botswana] 072053 Central Boteti, Orapa [District: Botswana] 072060 North East [District: Botswana] 072070 Ngamiland East [District: Botswana] 072071 Ngamiland West, Delta [District: Botswana] 072072 Chobe [District: Botswana] 072080 Ghanzi, Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR) [District: Botswana] 072090 Tshabong (Kgalagadi South) [District: Botswana] 072091 Hukunsti (Kgalagadi North) [District: Botswana] 072092 Botswana, district unknown [District: Botswana] 072097 Abroad [District: Botswana] 072098 Unknown [District: Botswana] 072099 NIU (not in universe) [District: Botswana] 076011 Rondônia [State: Brazil] 076012 Acre [State: Brazil] 076013 Amazonas [State: Brazil] 076014 Roraima [State: Brazil] 076015 Pará [State: Brazil] 076016 Amapá [State: Brazil] 076021 Maranhão [State: Brazil] 076022 Piauí [State: Brazil] 076023 Ceará [State: Brazil] 076024 Rio Grande do Norte [State: Brazil] 076025 Paraíba [State: Brazil] 076026 Pernambuco, Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha [State: Brazil] 076027 Alagoas [State: Brazil] 076028 Sergipe [State: Brazil] 076029 Bahia [State: Brazil] 076031 Minas Gerais [State: Brazil] 076032 Espírito Santo [State: Brazil] 076033 Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara [State: Brazil] 076035 São Paulo [State: Brazil] 076036 Serra dos Aimorés [State: Brazil] 076041 Paraná [State: Brazil] 076042 Santa Catarina [State: Brazil] 076043 Rio Grande do Sul [State: Brazil] 076051 Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso [State: Brazil] 076052 Goiás, Tocantins [State: Brazil] 076053 Distrito Federal [State: Brazil] 076054 Brazil, unspecified [State: Brazil] 076097 Abroad [State: Brazil] 076098 Unknown [State: Brazil] 076099 NIU (not in universe) [State: Brazil] 120002 Centre, Sud [Province: Cameroon] 120003 Est [Province: Cameroon] 120004 Nord, Adamoua, Extrème Nord [Province: Cameroon] 120005 Littoral [Province: Cameroon] 120007 Nord Ouest [Province: Cameroon] 120008 Ouest [Province: Cameroon] 120010 Sud Ouest [Province: Cameroon] 120096 Cameroon - unknown arrondissement [Province: Cameroon] 120097 Foreign country [Province: Cameroon] 120098 Unknown [Province: Cameroon] 120099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Cameroon] 124010 Newfoundland and Labrador [Province: Canada] 124011 Prince Edward Island, Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, Nunavut [Province: Canada] 124012 Nova Scotia [Province: Canada] 124013 New Brunswick [Province: Canada] 124024 Quebec [Province: Canada] 124035 Ontario [Province: Canada] 124046 Manitoba [Province: Canada] 124047 Saskatchewan [Province: Canada] 124048 Alberta [Province: Canada] 124059 British Columbia [Province: Canada] 124099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Canada] 152014 Iquique, Tamarugal [Province: Chile] 152021 Antofagasta [Province: Chile] 152022 El Loa [Province: Chile] 152023 Tocopilla [Province: Chile] 152031 Copiapó [Province: Chile] 152032 Chañaral [Province: Chile] 152033 Huasco [Province: Chile] 152041 Elqui [Province: Chile] 152042 Choapa [Province: Chile] 152043 Limarí [Province: Chile] 152051 Valparaíso, Quillota, Marga Marga, Isla de Pascua [Province: Chile] 152053 Los Andes [Province: Chile] 152054 Petorca [Province: Chile] 152056 San Antonio [Province: Chile] 152057 San Felipe de Aconcagüa [Province: Chile] 152061 Cachapoal [Province: Chile] 152062 Cardenal Caro [Province: Chile] 152063 Colchagua [Province: Chile] 152071 Talca [Province: Chile] 152072 Cauquenes [Province: Chile] 152073 Curicó [Province: Chile] 152074 Linares [Province: Chile] 152081 Concepción [Province: Chile] 152082 Arauco [Province: Chile] 152083 Biobío [Province: Chile] 152091 Cautín [Province: Chile] 152092 Malleco [Province: Chile] 152101 Llanquihue [Province: Chile] 152102 Chiloé, Palena [Province: Chile] 152103 Osorno [Province: Chile] 152111 Coihaique [Province: Chile] 152112 Aisén, General Carrera, Capitan Prat [Province: Chile] 152121 Magallanes, Tierra del Fuego, Antártica Chilena [Province: Chile] 152124 Última Esperanza [Province: Chile] 152131 Santiago [Province: Chile] 152132 Cordillera [Province: Chile] 152133 Chacabuco [Province: Chile] 152134 Maipo [Province: Chile] 152135 Melipilla [Province: Chile] 152136 Talagante [Province: Chile] 152141 Valdivia, Ranco [Province: Chile] 152151 Arica, Parinacota [Province: Chile] 152163 Diguillín, Itata, Punilla [Province: Chile] 152997 Foreign country [Province: Chile] 152998 Unknown [Province: Chile] 152999 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Chile] 156011 Beijing [Province: China] 156012 Tianjin [Province: China] 156013 Hebei [Province: China] 156014 Shanxi [Province: China] 156015 Inner Mongolia [Province: China] 156021 Liaoning [Province: China] 156022 Jilin [Province: China] 156023 Heilongjiang [Province: China] 156031 Shanghai [Province: China] 156032 Jiangsu [Province: China] 156033 Zhejiang [Province: China] 156034 Anhui [Province: China] 156035 Fujian [Province: China] 156036 Jiangxi [Province: China] 156037 Shandong [Province: China] 156041 Henan [Province: China] 156042 Hubei [Province: China] 156043 Hunan [Province: China] 156044 Guangdong, Hainan [Province: China] 156045 Guangxi [Province: China] 156051 Sichuan, Chongqing [Province: China] 156052 Guizhou [Province: China] 156053 Yunnan [Province: China] 156054 Tibet [Province: China] 156061 Shaanxi [Province: China] 156062 Gansu [Province: China] 156063 Qinghai [Province: China] 156064 Ningxia [Province: China] 156065 Xinjiang [Province: China] 156071 Taiwan [China] 156072 Hong Kong [China] 156073 Macao [China] 156097 Other countries [Province: China] 156099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: China] 170005 Antioquia [Department: Colombia] 170008 Atlántico [Department: Colombia] 170011 Bogotá D.C., Cundinamarca [Department: Colombia] 170013 Bolívar, Sucre [Department: Colombia] 170015 Boyacá, Casanare [Department: Colombia] 170018 Caquetá [Department: Colombia] 170019 Cauca [Department: Colombia] 170023 Córdoba [Department: Colombia] 170027 Chocó [Department: Colombia] 170041 Huila [Department: Colombia] 170044 La Guajira [Department: Colombia] 170050 Meta [Department: Colombia] 170052 Nariño [Department: Colombia] 170054 Cesar, Norte De Santander, Magdalena [Department: Colombia] 170066 Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda [Department: Colombia] 170068 Santander [Department: Colombia] 170073 Tolima [Department: Colombia] 170076 Valle Del Cauca [Department: Colombia] 170081 Arauca [Department: Colombia] 170086 Putumayo [Department: Colombia] 170088 Archipiélago De San Andrés Y Providencia [Department: Colombia] 170095 Amazonas, Guaviare, Vaupés, Vichada, Guainía [Department: Colombia] 170097 Abroad, [Department: Colombia] 170098 Unknown, [Department: Colombia] 170099 NIU (not in universe), [Department: Colombia] 188001 San José [Province: Costa Rica] 188002 Alajuela [Province: Costa Rica] 188003 Cartago [Province: Costa Rica] 188004 Heredia [Province: Costa Rica] 188005 Guanacaste [Province: Costa Rica] 188006 Puntarenas [Province: Costa Rica] 188007 Limón [Province: Costa Rica] 188097 Foreign country [Province: Costa Rica] 188098 Unknown [Province: Costa Rica] 188099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Costa Rica] 214001 Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo [Province: Dominican Republic] 214002 Azua [Province: Dominican Republic] 214003 Baoruco, Barahona, Independencia [Province: Dominican Republic] 214005 Dajabón [Province: Dominican Republic] 214006 Duarte [Province: Dominican Republic] 214007 Elías Piña [Province: Dominican Republic] 214008 El Seibo, Hato Mayor [Province: Dominican Republic] 214009 Espaillat [Province: Dominican Republic] 214011 La Altagracia, La Romana [Province: Dominican Republic] 214013 Monseñor Nouel, La Vega [Province: Dominican Republic] 214014 María Trinidad Sánchez [Province: Dominican Republic] 214015 Monte Cristi [Province: Dominican Republic] 214016 Pedernales [Province: Dominican Republic] 214017 San José de Ocoa, Peravia [Province: Dominican Republic] 214018 Puerto Plata, Santiago [Province: Dominican Republic] 214019 Hermanas Mirabal [Province: Dominican Republic] 214020 Samaná [Province: Dominican Republic] 214021 San Cristóbal, Monte Plata [Province: Dominican Republic] 214022 San Juan [Province: Dominican Republic] 214023 San Pedro De Macorís [Province: Dominican Republic] 214024 Sánchez Ramírez [Province: Dominican Republic] 214026 Santiago Rodríguez [Province: Dominican Republic] 214027 Valverde [Province: Dominican Republic] 214097 Foreign country [Province: Dominican Republic] 214098 Unknown [Province: Dominican Republic] 214099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Dominican Republic] 218001 Azuay [Province: Ecuador] 218002 Bolívar [Province: Ecuador] 218004 Carchi [Province: Ecuador] 218005 Cotopaxi [Province: Ecuador] 218006 Chimborazo [Province: Ecuador] 218007 El Oro [Province: Ecuador] 218009 Cañar, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Manabí, Manga del Cura [Disputed canton], Pichincha, El Piedrero [Disputed canton], Los Ríos, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de las Tsáchilas, Galápagos [Province: Ecuador] 218010 Imbabura, Las Golondrinas [Disputed canton] [Province: Ecuador] 218011 Loja [Province: Ecuador] 218014 Morona Santiago [Province: Ecuador] 218016 Pastaza [Province: Ecuador] 218018 Tungurahua [Province: Ecuador] 218019 Zamora Chinchipe [Province: Ecuador] 218021 Napo, Orellana, Sucumbíos [Province: Ecuador] 218097 Foreign country [Province: Ecuador] 218098 Unknown and Disputed Zones [Province: Ecuador] 218999 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Ecuador] 242001 Central [Province: Fiji] 242002 Eastern [Province: Fiji] 242003 Northern [Province: Fiji] 242004 Western [Province: Fiji] 242097 Foreign country [Province: Fiji] 242098 Unknown [Province: Fiji] 242999 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Fiji] 288001 Western [Region: Ghana] 288002 Central [Region: Ghana] 288003 Greater Accra [Region: Ghana] 288004 Volta [Region: Ghana] 288005 Eastern [Region: Ghana] 288006 Ashanti [Region: Ghana] 288007 Brong Ahafo [Region: Ghana] 288008 Northern [Region: Ghana] 288009 Upper East [Region: Ghana] 288010 Upper West [Region: Ghana] 288098 Unknown [Region: Ghana] 288099 NIU (not in universe) [Region: Ghana] 300001 Etolia and Akarnania [Department: Greece] 300003 Viotia [Department: Greece] 300004 Evia [Department: Greece] 300005 Evrytania [Department: Greece] 300006 Fthiotida [Department: Greece] 300007 Fokida [Department: Greece] 300011 Argolida [Department: Greece] 300012 Arkadia [Department: Greece] 300013 Achaia [Department: Greece] 300014 Ilia [Department: Greece] 300015 Korinthia [Department: Greece] 300016 Lakonia [Department: Greece] 300017 Messinia [Department: Greece] 300021 Zakynthos [Department: Greece] 300022 Kerkyra [Department: Greece] 300023 Kefallinia [Department: Greece] 300024 Lefkada [Department: Greece] 300031 Arta [Department: Greece] 300032 Thesprotia [Department: Greece] 300033 Ioannina [Department: Greece] 300034 Preveza [Department: Greece] 300041 Karditsa [Department: Greece] 300042 Larissa [Department: Greece] 300043 Magnissia [Department: Greece] 300044 Trikala [Department: Greece] 300051 Grevena [Department: Greece] 300052 Drama [Department: Greece] 300053 Imathia [Department: Greece] 300054 Thessaloniki [Department: Greece] 300055 Kavala [Department: Greece] 300056 Kastoria [Department: Greece] 300057 Kilkis [Department: Greece] 300058 Kozani [Department: Greece] 300059 Pella [Department: Greece] 300061 Pieria [Department: Greece] 300062 Serres [Department: Greece] 300063 Florina [Department: Greece] 300064 Chalkidiki and Agion Oros [Department: Greece] 300071 Evros [Department: Greece] 300072 Xanthi [Department: Greece] 300073 Rodopi [Department: Greece] 300081 Dodekanissos [Department: Greece] 300082 Kyklades [Department: Greece] 300083 Lesvos [Department: Greece] 300084 Samos [Department: Greece] 300085 Chios [Department: Greece] 300091 Iraklio [Department: Greece] 300092 Lassithi [Department: Greece] 300093 Rethymno [Department: Greece] 300094 Chania [Department: Greece] 300101 Prefecture of Athens [Department: Greece] 300102 Prefecture of East Attiki [Department: Greece] 300103 Prefecture of West Attiki [Department: Greece] 300104 Prefecture of Pireas [Department: Greece] 300996 Foreign country [Department: Greece] 300997 Response suppressed [Department: Greece] 300998 Unknown [Department: Greece] 300999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Greece] 320001 Guatemala [Department: Guatemala] 320002 El Progreso [Department: Guatemala] 320003 Sacatepéquez [Department: Guatemala] 320004 Chimaltenango [Department: Guatemala] 320005 Escuintla [Department: Guatemala] 320006 Santa Rosa [Department: Guatemala] 320007 Sololá [Department: Guatemala] 320008 Totonicapán [Department: Guatemala] 320009 Quetzaltenango [Department: Guatemala] 320010 Suchitepéquez [Department: Guatemala] 320011 Retalhuleu [Department: Guatemala] 320012 San Marcos [Department: Guatemala] 320013 Huehuetenango [Department: Guatemala] 320014 Quiché [Department: Guatemala] 320015 Baja Verapaz [Department: Guatemala] 320016 Alta Verapaz [Department: Guatemala] 320017 Petén [Department: Guatemala] 320018 Izabal [Department: Guatemala] 320019 Zacapa [Department: Guatemala] 320020 Chiquimula [Department: Guatemala] 320021 Jalapa [Department: Guatemala] 320022 Jutiapa [Department: Guatemala] 320097 Foreign Country [Department: Guatemala] 320098 Unknown [Department: Guatemala] 320099 NIU [Department: Guatemala] 332003 Nord (North) and Nord'est (North East) [Department: Haiti] 332006 Centre (Central), L'Artibonite, Ouest (West), Sud'Est (South East) [Department: Haiti] 332007 Grand'Anse, Nippes, Sud (South) [Department: Haiti] 332009 Nord'Ouest (North West) [Department: Haiti] 332097 Foreign Country [Department: Haiti] 332098 Unknown [Department: Haiti] 332099 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Haiti] 340001 Atlántida [Department: Honduras] 340002 Colón [Department: Honduras] 340003 Comayagua [Department: Honduras] 340004 Copán [Department: Honduras] 340005 Cortés [Department: Honduras] 340006 Choluteca [Department: Honduras] 340007 El Paraíso [Department: Honduras] 340008 Francisco Morazán [Department: Honduras] 340009 Gracias a Dios [Department: Honduras] 340010 Intibucá [Department: Honduras] 340011 Islas de la Bahía [Department: Honduras] 340012 La Paz [Department: Honduras] 340013 Lempira [Department: Honduras] 340014 Ocotepeque [Department: Honduras] 340015 Olancho [Department: Honduras] 340016 Santa Bárbara [Department: Honduras] 340017 Valle [Department: Honduras] 340018 Yoro [Department: Honduras] 340097 Abroad [Department: Honduras] 340098 Unknown [Department: Honduras] 340999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Honduras] 360011 Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam [Province: Indonesia] 360012 Sumatera Utara [Province: Indonesia] 360013 Sumatera Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360014 Kepulauan Riau, Riau [Province: Indonesia] 360015 Jambi [Province: Indonesia] 360016 Bangka Belitung, Sumatera Selatan [Province: Indonesia] 360017 Bengkulu [Province: Indonesia] 360018 Lampung [Province: Indonesia] 360031 DKI Jakarta [Province: Indonesia] 360032 Banten, Jawa Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360033 Jawa Tengah [Province: Indonesia] 360034 DKI Yogyakarta [Province: Indonesia] 360035 Jawa Timur [Province: Indonesia] 360051 Bali [Province: Indonesia] 360052 Nusa Tenggara Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360053 Nusa Tenggara Timur [Province: Indonesia] 360061 Kalimantan Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360062 Kalimantan Tengah [Province: Indonesia] 360063 Kalimantan Selatan [Province: Indonesia] 360064 Kalimantan Timur [Province: Indonesia] 360071 Gorontalo, Sulawesi Utara [Province: Indonesia] 360072 Sulawesi Tengah [Province: Indonesia] 360073 Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan [Province: Indonesia] 360074 Sulawesi Tenggara [Province: Indonesia] 360081 Maluku, Maluku Utara [Province: Indonesia] 360094 Papua, Papua Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360097 Abroad [Province: Indonesia] 360098 Unknown [Province: Indonesia] 360099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Indonesia] 360626 East Timor [Province: Indonesia] 376001 Jerusalem [District: Israel] 376002 Northern [District: Israel] 376003 Haifa [District: Israel] 376004 Central [District: Israel] 376005 Tel-Aviv [District: Israel] 376006 Southern [District: Israel] 376071 Golan [District: Israel] 376072 Judea, Samaria and Gaza areas [District: Israel] 376098 Unknown [District: Israel] 376099 NIU (not in universe) [District: Israel] 458001 Johor [State: Malaysia] 458002 Kedah [State: Malaysia] 458003 Kelantan [State: Malaysia] 458004 Melaka [State: Malaysia] 458005 Negeri Sembilan [State: Malaysia] 458006 Pahang [State: Malaysia] 458007 Pulau Pinang [State: Malaysia] 458008 Perak [State: Malaysia] 458009 Perlis [State: Malaysia] 458010 Selangor, Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory [State: Malaysia] 458011 Terengganu [State: Malaysia] 458012 Sabah, Labuan Federal Territory [State: Malaysia] 458013 Sarawak [State: Malaysia] 458097 Other countries [State: Malaysia] 458098 Unknown [State: Malaysia] 480011 Port Louis [District: Mauritius] 480012 Pamplemousses [District: Mauritius] 480013 Rivière du Rempart [District: Mauritius] 480014 Flacq [District: Mauritius] 480015 Grand Port [District: Mauritius] 480016 Savanne [District: Mauritius] 480017 Plaines Wilhems [District: Mauritius] 480018 Moka [District: Mauritius] 480019 Black River [District: Mauritius] 480020 Rodrigues, Agaléga Islands, Saint Brandon [District: Mauritius] 480097 Abroad [District: Mauritius] 480098 Unknown [District: Mauritius] 480099 NIU [District: Mauritius] 484001 Aguascalientes [State: Mexico] 484002 Baja California [State: Mexico] 484003 Baja California Sur [State: Mexico] 484004 Campeche [State: Mexico] 484005 Coahuila de Zaragoza [State: Mexico] 484006 Colima [State: Mexico] 484007 Chiapas [State: Mexico] 484008 Chihuahua [State: Mexico] 484009 Distrito Federal [State: Mexico] 484010 Durango [State: Mexico] 484011 Guanajuato [State: Mexico] 484012 Guerrero [State: Mexico] 484013 Hidalgo [State: Mexico] 484014 Jalisco [State: Mexico] 484015 México [State: Mexico] 484016 Michoacán de Ocampo [State: Mexico] 484017 Morelos [State: Mexico] 484018 Nayarit [State: Mexico] 484019 Nuevo León [State: Mexico] 484020 Oaxaca [State: Mexico] 484021 Puebla [State: Mexico] 484022 Querétaro [State: Mexico] 484023 Quintana Roo [State: Mexico] 484024 San Luis Potosí [State: Mexico] 484025 Sinaloa [State: Mexico] 484026 Sonora [State: Mexico] 484027 Tabasco [State: Mexico] 484028 Tamaulipas [State: Mexico] 484029 Tlaxcala [State: Mexico] 484030 Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave [State: Mexico] 484031 Yucatán [State: Mexico] 484032 Zacatecas [State: Mexico] 484097 Abroad [State: Mexico] 484098 Unknown [State: Mexico] 484099 NIU (not in universe) [State: Mexico] 496001 Arkhangai [Province: Mongolia] 496002 Bayan-Olgii [Province: Mongolia] 496003 Bayankhongor [Province: Mongolia] 496004 Bulgan [Province: Mongolia] 496005 Govi-Altai [Province: Mongolia] 496006 Dornogovi, Govisumber [Province: Mongolia] 496007 Dornod [Province: Mongolia] 496008 Dundgovi [Province: Mongolia] 496009 Zavkhan [Province: Mongolia] 496010 Ovorkhangai [Province: Mongolia] 496011 Omnogovi [Province: Mongolia] 496012 Sukhbaatar [Province: Mongolia] 496013 Selenge [Province: Mongolia] 496014 Tov [Province: Mongolia] 496015 Uvs [Province: Mongolia] 496016 Khovd [Province: Mongolia] 496017 Khovsgol [Province: Mongolia] 496018 Khentii [Province: Mongolia] 496019 Darkhan-Uul [Province: Mongolia] 496020 Ulaanbaatar [Province: Mongolia] 496021 Orkhon [Province: Mongolia] 496097 Abroad [Province: Mongolia] 496098 Unknown [Province: Mongolia] 496099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Mongolia] 508001 Niassa [Province: Mozambique] 508002 Cabo Delgado [Province: Mozambique] 508003 Nampula [Province: Mozambique] 508004 Zambézia [Province: Mozambique] 508005 Tete [Province: Mozambique] 508006 Manica [Province: Mozambique] 508007 Sofala [Province: Mozambique] 508008 Inhambane [Province: Mozambique] 508009 Gaza [Province: Mozambique] 508010 Maputo province [Province: Mozambique] 508011 Maputo city [Province: Mozambique] 508097 Foreign Country [Province: Mozambique][Province: Mozambique] 508098 Unknown [Province: Mozambique] 508099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Mozambique] 524001 Mechi [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524002 Koshi [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524003 Sagarmatha [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524004 Janakpur [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524005 Bagmati [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524006 Narayani [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524007 Gandaki [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524008 Dhawalagiri [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524009 Lumbini [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524010 Rapti [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524011 Bheri [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524012 Karnali [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524013 Seti [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524014 Mahakali [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524097 Foreign Country [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524098 Unknown [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524099 NIU [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 558005 Nueva Segovia, Jinotega [Department: Nicaragua] 558020 Madriz [Department: Nicaragua] 558025 Estelí, León [Department: Nicaragua] 558030 Chinandega [Department: Nicaragua] 558040 Matagalpa, Atlantico Norte, Atlantico Sur, Zelaya [Department: Nicaragua] 558050 Boaco [Department: Nicaragua] 558055 Managua, Masaya [Department: Nicaragua] 558065 Chontales [Department: Nicaragua] 558070 Granada [Department: Nicaragua] 558075 Carazo [Department: Nicaragua] 558080 Rivas [Department: Nicaragua] 558085 Río San Juan [Department: Nicaragua] 558097 Abroad [Department: Nicaragua] 558098 Unknown [Department: Nicaragua] 558999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Nicaragua] 598001 Western [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598002 Gulf [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598003 Central [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598004 National Capital District [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598005 Milne Bay [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598006 Northern [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598007 Southern Highlands, Hela [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598008 Enga [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598009 Western Highlands, Jiwaka [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598010 Chimbu [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598011 Eastern Highlands [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598012 Morobe [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598013 Madang [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598014 East Sepik [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598015 West Sepik [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598016 Manus [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598017 New Ireland [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598018 East New Britain [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598019 West New Britain [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598020 Autonomous Region of Bougainville [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598097 Foreign country [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598098 Unknown [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Papua New Guinea] 600001 Concepción [Department: Paraguay] 600002 San Pedro [Department: Paraguay] 600003 Cordillera [Department: Paraguay] 600004 Guaira [Department: Paraguay] 600005 Caaguazú, Canindeyú, Alto Paraná [Department: Paraguay] 600006 Caazapá [Department: Paraguay] 600007 Itapúa [Department: Paraguay] 600008 Misiones, Ñeembucú [Department: Paraguay] 600009 Paraguarí [Department: Paraguay] 600011 Central [Department: Paraguay] 600013 Amambay [Department: Paraguay] 600015 Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Presidente Hayes [Department: Paraguay] 600019 Asunción [Department: Paraguay] 600097 Foreign Country [Department: Paraguay] 600098 Unknown [Department: Paraguay] 600999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Paraguay] 604001 Amazonas [Department: Peru] 604002 Ancash [Department: Peru] 604003 Apurímac [Department: Peru] 604004 Arequipa [Department: Peru] 604005 Ayacucho [Department: Peru] 604006 Cajamarca [Department: Peru] 604007 Callao [Department: Peru] 604008 Cusco [Department: Peru] 604009 Huancavelica [Department: Peru] 604010 Huánuco [Department: Peru] 604011 Ica [Department: Peru] 604012 Junín [Department: Peru] 604013 La Libertad [Department: Peru] 604014 Lambayeque [Department: Peru] 604015 Lima [Department: Peru] 604016 Loreto [Department: Peru] 604017 Madre de Dios [Department: Peru] 604018 Moquegua [Department: Peru] 604019 Pasco [Department: Peru] 604020 Piura [Department: Peru] 604021 Puno [Department: Peru] 604022 San Martín [Department: Peru] 604023 Tacna [Department: Peru] 604024 Tumbes [Department: Peru] 604025 Ucayali [Department: Peru] 604097 Abroad [Department: Peru] 604099 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Peru] 608001 Abra [Province: Philippines] 608002 Agusan del norte [Province: Philippines] 608003 Agusan del sur [Province: Philippines] 608004 Aklan [Province: Philippines] 608005 Albay [Province: Philippines] 608006 Antique [Province: Philippines] 608007 Basilan, City Of Isabela [Province: Philippines] 608008 Bataan [Province: Philippines] 608010 Batangas [Province: Philippines] 608011 Benguet [Province: Philippines] 608012 Bohol [Province: Philippines] 608013 Bukidnon [Province: Philippines] 608014 Bulacan [Province: Philippines] 608015 Cagayan, Batanes [Province: Philippines] 608016 Camarines norte [Province: Philippines] 608017 Camarines Sur [Province: Philippines] 608018 Camiguin [Province: Philippines] 608019 Capiz [Province: Philippines] 608020 Catanduanes [Province: Philippines] 608021 Cavite [Province: Philippines] 608022 Cebu [Province: Philippines] 608023 Davao (Davao del Norte) [Province: Philippines] 608024 Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental [Province: Philippines] 608025 Davao Oriental [Province: Philippines] 608026 Eastern Samar [Province: Philippines] 608027 Ifugao [Province: Philippines] 608028 Ilocos Norte [Province: Philippines] 608029 Ilocos Sur [Province: Philippines] 608030 Iloilo, Guimaras [Province: Philippines] 608031 Isabela [Province: Philippines] 608032 Kalinga-Apayao, Apayo, Kalinga [Province: Philippines] 608033 La Union [Province: Philippines] 608034 Laguna [Province: Philippines] 608035 Lanao del Norte [Province: Philippines] 608036 Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Marawi City and Cotabato city [Province: Philippines] 608037 Leyte, Biliran [Province: Philippines] 608039 Manila [Province: Philippines] 608040 Marinduque [Province: Philippines] 608041 Masbate [Province: Philippines] 608042 Misamis Occidental [Province: Philippines] 608043 Misamis Oriental [Province: Philippines] 608044 Mountain Province [Province: Philippines] 608045 Negros Occidental [Province: Philippines] 608046 Negros Oriental [Province: Philippines] 608047 Cotabato (North Cotabato) [Province: Philippines] 608048 Northern Samar [Province: Philippines] 608049 Nueva Ecija [Province: Philippines] 608050 Nueva Vizcaya [Province: Philippines] 608051 Occidental Mindoro [Province: Philippines] 608052 Oriental Mindoro [Province: Philippines] 608053 Palawan [Province: Philippines] 608054 Pampanga [Province: Philippines] 608055 Pangasinan [Province: Philippines] 608056 Quezon [Province: Philippines] 608057 Quirino [Province: Philippines] 608058 Rizal [Province: Philippines] 608059 Romblon [Province: Philippines] 608060 Samar (Western Samar) [Province: Philippines] 608061 Siquijor [Province: Philippines] 608062 Sorsogon [Province: Philippines] 608063 South Cotabato, Sarangani [Province: Philippines] 608064 Southern Leyte [Province: Philippines] 608065 Sultan Kudarat [Province: Philippines] 608066 Sulu [Province: Philippines] 608067 Surigao Del Norte, Dinagat islands [Province: Philippines] 608068 Surigao del Sur [Province: Philippines] 608069 Tarlac [Province: Philippines] 608070 Tawi-Tawi [Province: Philippines] 608071 Zambales [Province: Philippines] 608072 Zamboanga Norte [Province: Philippines] 608073 Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay [Province: Philippines] 608074 Manila Metro, 2nd District [Province: Philippines] 608075 Manila Metro, 3rd District [Province: Philippines] 608076 Manila Metro, 4th District [Province: Philippines] 608077 Aurora [Province: Philippines] 608097 Foreign country [Province: Philippines] 608098 Unknown [Province: Philippines] 608099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Philippines] 620111 Minho-Lima [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620112 Cávado [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620113 Ave [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620114 Grande Porto [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620115 Tâmega [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620116 Entre Douro e Vouga [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620117 Douro [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620118 Alto Trás-os-Montes [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620150 Algarve [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620161 Baixo Vouga [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620162 Baixo Mondego [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620163 Pinhal Litoral [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620165 Dão-Lafões [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620166 Oeste [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620167 Médio Tejo [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620169 Other Center [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620171 Grande Lisboa [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620172 Península de Setúbal [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620185 Lezíria do Tejo [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620189 Other Alentejo [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620200 Região Autónoma dos Açores [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620300 Região Autónoma da Madeira [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620998 Foreign country [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620999 NIU (not in universe) [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 686001 Dakar [Region: Senegal] 686002 Ziguinchor [Region: Senegal] 686003 Diourbel [Region: Senegal] 686004 Saint Louis, Louga, Matam [Region: Senegal] 686005 Tambacounda, Kedougou [Region: Senegal] 686006 Kaolack, Fatick, Kaffrine [Region: Senegal] 686007 Thiès [Region: Senegal] 686010 Kolda, Sedhiou [Region: Senegal] 686097 Abroad [Region: Senegal] 686098 Unknown [Region: Senegal] 686099 NIU (not in universe) [Region: Senegal] 694011 Kailahun [District: Sierra Leone] 694012 Kenema [District: Sierra Leone] 694013 Kono [District: Sierra Leone] 694021 Bombali [District: Sierra Leone] 694022 Kambia [District: Sierra Leone] 694023 Koinadugu [District: Sierra Leone] 694024 Port Loko [District: Sierra Leone] 694025 Tonkolili [District: Sierra Leone] 694031 Bo [District: Sierra Leone] 694032 Bonthe [District: Sierra Leone] 694033 Moyamba [District: Sierra Leone] 694034 Pujehun [District: Sierra Leone] 694041 Western Rural [District: Sierra Leone] 694042 Western Urban [District: Sierra Leone] 694097 Abroad [District: Sierra Leone] 694098 Unknown [District: Sierra Leone] 694099 NIU [District: Sierra Leone] 704001 Th nh Phố H Nội, Vĩnh Phúc, Ho Bình, Phú Thọ [Province: Vietnam] 704002 H Giang, Tuyên Quang [Province: Vietnam] 704003 Cao Bằng, Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên [Province: Vietnam] 704010 L o Cai, Điện Biên, Lai Châu, Yên Bái [Province: Vietnam] 704014 Sơn La [Province: Vietnam] 704020 Lạng Sơn [Province: Vietnam] 704022 Quảng Ninh [Province: Vietnam] 704024 Bắc Giang, Bắc Ninh [Province: Vietnam] 704030 Hải Dương, Hưng Yên [Province: Vietnam] 704031 Th nh Phố Hải Phòng [Province: Vietnam] 704034 Thái Bình [Province: Vietnam] 704035 H Nam, Nam Định, Ninh Bình [Province: Vietnam] 704038 Thanh Hoá [Province: Vietnam] 704040 Nghệ An, H Tĩnh [Province: Vietnam] 704044 Quảng Bình [Province: Vietnam] 704045 Quảng Trị [Province: Vietnam] 704046 Thừa Thiên Huế [Province: Vietnam] 704048 Th nh Phố Đ Nẵng, Quảng Nam [Province: Vietnam] 704051 Quảng Ngãi [Province: Vietnam] 704052 Bình Định [Province: Vietnam] 704054 Phú Yên [Province: Vietnam] 704056 Khánh Ho [Province: Vietnam] 704058 Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận [Province: Vietnam] 704062 Kon Tum, Gia Lai [Province: Vietnam] 704066 Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông [Province: Vietnam] 704068 Lâm Đồng [Province: Vietnam] 704070 Bình Phước, Bình Dương [Province: Vietnam] 704072 Tây Ninh [Province: Vietnam] 704075 Đồng Nai, B Rịa - Vũng T u [Province: Vietnam] 704079 Th nh Phố Hồ Chí Minh [Province: Vietnam] 704080 Long An [Province: Vietnam] 704082 Tiền Giang [Province: Vietnam] 704083 Bến Tre [Province: Vietnam] 704084 Tr Vinh, Vĩnh Long [Province: Vietnam] 704087 Đồng Tháp [Province: Vietnam] 704089 An Giang [Province: Vietnam] 704091 Kiên Giang [Province: Vietnam] 704092 Th nh Phố Cần Thơ, Hậu Giang, Sóc Trăng [Province: Vietnam] 704095 Bạc Liêu, C Mau [Province: Vietnam] 704097 Foreign Country [Province: Vietnam] 704098 Unknown [Province: Vietnam] 704099 NIU [Province: Vietnam] 710001 Western Cape [Province: South Africa] 710004 Free State [Province: South Africa] 710005 Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal [Province: South Africa] 710007 Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape [Province: South Africa] 710097 Foreign country [Province: South Africa] 710098 Unknown [Province: South Africa] 710099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: South Africa] 724011 Galicia [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724012 Principado de Asturias [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724013 Cantabria [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724021 País Vasco [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724022 Comunidad Foral de Navarra [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724023 La Rioja [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724024 Aragón [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724030 Comunidad de Madrid [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724041 Castilla y León [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724042 Castilla-La Mancha [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724043 Extremadura [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724051 Cataluña [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724052 Comunidad Valenciana [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724053 Islas Baleares [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724061 Andalucía [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724062 Región de Murcia [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724063 Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724064 Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724070 Canarias [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724097 Foreign country [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724999 NIU [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 780010 Port of Spain [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780020 San Fernando [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780080 Diego Martin, San Juan/Laventille, Tunapuna/Piarco, Chaguanas, Sangre Grande, Couva/Tabaquite /Talparo, Rio Claro/Mayaro, Siparia, Penal/Debe, Princess Town, Port Fontin, Caroni, St. Andrew/St. David, Victoria, St. Patrick, Arima [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780094 St. Paul, St. Mary, St. David, St. George, St. Patrick, St. Andrew, St. John, Tobago [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780098 Unknown [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780099 NIU (not in universe) [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 840001 Alabama [State: United States] 840002 Alaska [State: United States] 840004 Arizona [State: United States] 840005 Arkansas [State: United States] 840006 California [State: United States] 840008 Colorado [State: United States] 840009 Connecticut [State: United States] 840010 Delaware [State: United States] 840011 District of Columbia [State: United States] 840012 Florida [State: United States] 840013 Georgia [State: United States] 840015 Hawaii [State: United States] 840016 Idaho [State: United States] 840017 Illinois [State: United States] 840018 Indiana [State: United States] 840019 Iowa [State: United States] 840020 Kansas [State: United States] 840021 Kentucky [State: United States] 840022 Louisiana [State: United States] 840023 Maine [State: United States] 840024 Maryland [State: United States] 840025 Massachusetts [State: United States] 840026 Michigan [State: United States] 840027 Minnesota [State: United States] 840028 Mississippi [State: United States] 840029 Missouri [State: United States] 840030 Montana [State: United States] 840031 Nebraska [State: United States] 840032 Nevada [State: United States] 840033 New Hampshire [State: United States] 840034 New Jersey [State: United States] 840035 New Mexico [State: United States] 840036 New York [State: United States] 840037 North Carolina [State: United States] 840038 North Dakota [State: United States] 840039 Ohio [State: United States] 840040 Oklahoma [State: United States] 840041 Oregon [State: United States] 840042 Pennsylvania [State: United States] 840044 Rhode Island [State: United States] 840045 South Carolina [State: United States] 840046 South Dakota [State: United States] 840047 Tennessee [State: United States] 840048 Texas [State: United States] 840049 Utah [State: United States] 840050 Vermont [State: United States] 840051 Virginia [State: United States] 840053 Washington [State: United States] 840054 West Virginia [State: United States] 840055 Wisconsin [State: United States] 840056 Wyoming [State: United States] 840097 Abroad [State: United States] 840098 Unknown [State: United States] 840999 NIU (not in universe) [State: United States] 858001 Montevideo [Department: Uruguay] 858002 Artigas [Department: Uruguay] 858003 Canelones [Department: Uruguay] 858004 Cerro Largo [Department: Uruguay] 858005 Colonia [Department: Uruguay] 858006 Durazno [Department: Uruguay] 858007 Flores [Department: Uruguay] 858008 Florida [Department: Uruguay] 858009 Lavalleja [Department: Uruguay] 858010 Maldonado [Department: Uruguay] 858011 Paysandú [Department: Uruguay] 858012 Río Negro [Department: Uruguay] 858013 Rivera [Department: Uruguay] 858014 Rocha [Department: Uruguay] 858015 Salto [Department: Uruguay] 858016 San Jose [Department: Uruguay] 858017 Soriano [Department: Uruguay] 858018 Tacuarembó [Department: Uruguay] 858019 Treinta Y Tres [Department: Uruguay] 858097 Abroad [Department: Uruguay] 858098 Unknown [Department: Uruguay] 858999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Uruguay] 862001 Federal District, Vargas [State: Venezuela] 862002 Amazonas Federal Territory [State: Venezuela] 862003 Anzoátegui [State: Venezuela] 862004 Apure [State: Venezuela] 862005 Aragua [State: Venezuela] 862007 Bolívar [State: Venezuela] 862008 Carabobo [State: Venezuela] 862009 Cojedes [State: Venezuela] 862010 Amacuros Delta Federal Territory [State: Venezuela] 862011 Falcón [State: Venezuela] 862012 Guárico [State: Venezuela] 862013 Lara [State: Venezuela] 862014 Barinas, Mérida [State: Venezuela] 862015 Miranda [State: Venezuela] 862016 Monagas [State: Venezuela] 862017 Nueva Esparta, Federal Dependencies [State: Venezuela] 862018 Portuguesa [State: Venezuela] 862019 Sucre [State: Venezuela] 862020 Táchira [State: Venezuela] 862021 Trujillo [State: Venezuela] 862022 Yaracuy [State: Venezuela] 862023 Zulia [State: Venezuela] 862097 Foreign country [State: Venezuela] 862098 Unknown [State: Venezuela] 862099 NIU (not in universe) [State: Venezuela] GEOMIG1_5 indicates the major administrative unit in which the person resided five years prior to the survey. Only intra-national migrations are recorded; however, the variable incorporates geographies for every country that lists place of residence five years ago, to enable comparative analysis of subnational migration. Foreign migrants are coded 097 or 997. Codes for GEOMIG1_5 match the geographic codes in GEOLEV1 (current place of residence). For similar information for different time intervals since migration, see variables GEOMIG1_P, GEOMIG1_1, and GEOMIG1_10. More on migration and geography can be found here. IPUMS Years residing in current dwelling 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 or more 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) MIGYRS2 indicates the number of years that the respondent has lived in his/her current dwelling. IPUMS State of residence 5 years ago, United States; consistent boundaries, GIS 840001 Alabama 840002 Alaska 840004 Arizona 840005 Arkansas 840006 California 840008 Colorado 840009 Connecticut 840010 Delaware 840011 District of Columbia 840012 Florida 840013 Georgia 840015 Hawaii 840016 Idaho 840017 Illinois 840018 Indiana 840019 Iowa 840020 Kansas 840021 Kentucky 840022 Louisiana 840023 Maine 840024 Maryland 840025 Massachusetts 840026 Michigan 840027 Minnesota 840028 Mississippi 840029 Missouri 840030 Montana 840031 Nebraska 840032 Nevada 840033 New Hampshire 840034 New Jersey 840035 New Mexico 840036 New York 840037 North Carolina 840038 North Dakota 840039 Ohio 840040 Oklahoma 840041 Oregon 840042 Pennsylvania 840044 Rhode Island 840045 South Carolina 840046 South Dakota 840047 Tennessee 840048 Texas 840049 Utah 840050 Vermont 840051 Virginia 840053 Washington 840054 West Virginia 840055 Wisconsin 840056 Wyoming 840097 Abroad 840098 Unknown 840999 NIU (not in universe) MIG1_5_US indicates the person's state of residence within the United States 5 years ago. Click on the Source Variables tab for information on place of residence for each sample year. Source variables may contain more geographic unit detail but are not suitable for cross-temporal comparison. IPUMS Person number in sample unit United States 1970: All persons 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 This variable indicates all persons within each household consecutively in the order in which they appear on the original census or survey form. IPUMS Person weight United States 1970: All persons 100 100 101 101 This variable indicates how many persons in the U.S. population are represented by a given person in an IPUMS sample. IPUMS Mothers location in the household United States 1970: All persons 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 22 22 24 24 This variable indicates whether the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (PERNUM). IPUMS Probable step/adopted mother United States 1970: All persons No stepmother present 1 Improbable age difference 2 Spouse of father 3 Number of children born/children surviving check This variable indicates whether a respondent's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was likely to have been the person's stepmother or adoptive mother. IPUMS Rule for linking mother United States 1970: All persons No mother link 1 Unambiguous mother link 2 Daughter/grandchild link 3 Preceding female (no intervening person) 4 Daughter/grandchild (child surviving status) 5 Preceding female (child surviving status) 6 Spouse of father becomes stepmother This variable indicates why the IPUMS variable MOMLOC linked the person to a probable mother. The IPUMS establishes mother-child links according to seven basic rules, and MOMRULE reports the number of the rule for the link in question. IPUMS Fathers location in the household United States 1970: All persons 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 21 21 This variable indicates whether the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the father. IPUMS Probable step/adopted father United States 1970: All persons No stepfather present 1 Improbable age difference 2 Spouse of mother This variable indicates whether a respondent's father, as identified by POPLOC, was likely to have been the person's stepfather or adoptive father. IPUMS Rule for linking father United States 1970: All persons No father link 1 Unambiguous father link 2 Son/granchild link 3 Preceding male (no intervening person) 4 Husband of mother becomes stepfather This variable indicates why the IPUMS variable POPLOC linked the person to a probable father. The IPUMS establishes father-child links according to five basic rules, and POPRULE reports the number of the rule for the link in question. IPUMS Spouses location in household United States 1970: All persons 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 This variable indicates whether the respondent's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. IPUMS Rule for linking spouse United States 1970: All persons No spouse link 1 Wife follows husband 2 Wife precedes husband 3 Non-adjacent persons -- consistent relationship to head/age differences 4 Adjacent persons (wife follows husband -- no conflicts) 5 Adjacent persons (wife precedes husband -- no conflicts) This variable indicates the reason why the IPUMS variable SPLOC linked the person to a probable spouse. The IPUMS establishes spouse-spouse links according to six basic rules, and SPRULE reports the number of the rule for the link in question. IPUMS Number of own family members in household United States 1970: All persons 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 This variable indicates the number of own family members residing with each individual, including the person her/himself. Persons not living with others related to them by blood, marriage, or adoption are coded 1. IPUMS Number of own children in household United States 1970: All persons 0 children present 1 1 child present 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 This variable indicates the number of own children (of any age or marital status) residing with each individual. NCHILD includes step-children and adopted children as well as biological children. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household United States 1970: All persons No children under age 5 1 1 child under age 5 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 This variable indicates the number of own children age 4 and under residing with each individual. NCHLT5 includes step-children and adopted children as well as biological children. IPUMS Family unit membership United States 1970: All persons 1 1st family in household 2 2nd family in household 3 3rd 4 4th 5 5th This variable indicates which family within the housing unit each person belongs to. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household United States 1970: Persons in private, occupied dwellings with children present [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 92 92 94 94 98 98 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age of the eldest own child (if any) residing with each individual, regardless of the child's age or marital status. ELDCH includes step-children and adopted children as well as biological children. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household United States 1970: Persons in private, occupied dwellings with children present [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 90 90 92 92 94 94 98 98 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age of the youngest own child (if any) residing with each individual, regardless of the child's age or marital status. IPUMS Number of own siblings in household United States 1970: All persons 0 siblings 1 1 sibling 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 This variable indicates the number of own siblings (including half-siblings, step-siblings, and adopted siblings) residing with each individual. IPUMS Relationship to household head/householder <svar a="all" v="US70A422">[All]<br /><span class="em">2. How is each person related to the head of this household? </span><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle.<br /><br /> If "Other relative of head," also give exact relationship, for example, mother-in-law, brother,<br /> niece, grandson, etc.<br /> If "Other not related to head," also give exact relationship, for example, partner, maid, etc.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Head of household<br />[] Wife of head<br />[] Son or daughter of head<br />[] Other relative of head - Print exact relationship</div><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Roomer, boarder, lodger<br />[] Patient or inmate<br />[] Other not related to head - Print exact relationship</div><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">"If two or more unrelated people live together and share the rent, mark the first one you list <span class="em">Head of household</span>. Mark the rest <span class="em">Other not related to head</span> and print "<span class="em">partner</span>" in the space. A stepchild or legally adopted child of the head should be marked <span class="em">Son or daughter.</span>"</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 0101 Head/householder 0201 Spouse 0301 Child 0401 Child-in-law 0501 Parent 0601 Parent-in-law 0701 Sibling 0801 Sibling-in-Law 0901 Grandchild 1061 Other relatives, n.e.c. 1110 Partner/friend 1240 Roomer/boarders/lodgers and foster children 1250 Employees 1291 Military 1292 College dormitories 1293 Residents of rooming houses 1295 Other non-inmates 1960 -1970 (includes employees) 1296 Non-inmates in institutions 1301 Institutional inmates This variable indicates the respondent's relationship to the head of household or householder. IPUMS Age <svar a="all" v="US70A495 US70A423">[All]<br /><span class="h3">Date of birth </span><br /><br /><span class="em">5. Month and year of birth and age last birthday</span><br /><div class="i1">Print</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Month</div><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><div class="i2">Year</div><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><div class="i2">Age</div><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">"If the month or year of birth, or the age, is not known, give your best estimate."</div><br /><br /><span class="em">6. Month of birth<br /></span><div class="i1">Fill one circle</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Jan. - Mar.<br />[] Apr. - June<br />[] July - Sept.<br />[] Oct. - Dec.</div><br /><br /><span class="em">7. Year of birth<br /></span><div class="i1">Fill one circle for first three numbers</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] 186-<br />[] 187-<br />[] 188-<br />[] 189-<br />[] 190-<br />[] 191-<br />[] 192-<br />[] 193-<br />[] 194-<br />[] 195-<br />[] 196-<br />[] 197-</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for last number</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] 0<br />[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6<br />[] 7<br />[] 8<br />[] 9</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 000 Less than 1 year old 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 This variable indicates the respondent's age in years as of the last birthday. IPUMS Sex <svar a="all" v="US70A424">[All]<br /><span class="em">3. Sex </span><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Male<br />[] Female</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 1 Male 2 Female This variable indicates whether the respondent is male or female. IPUMS Race [All] <br /><span class="em">4. Color or race </span><div class="i1">Fill one circle.<br /><br />If "Indian (American)," also give tribe.<br />If "Other," also give race.</div><div class="i2">[] White<br />[] Negro or Black<br />[] Indian (Amer.) Print tribe<br /><div class="i3">____</div><br />[] Japanese<br />[] Chinese<br />[] Filipino<br />[] Hawaiian<br />[] Korean<br />[] Other - Print race</div><div class="i3">_____</div> United States 1970: All persons 01 White 02 Black/Negro 03 American Indian/Alaska Native 04 Aleut 05 Eskimo 06 Chinese 07 Japanese 08 Filipino 09 Korean 10 Native Hawaiian 11 Other race, n.e.c. This variable indicates the race of individual. IPUMS Marital status <svar a="all" v="US70A426">[All]<br /><span class="em">8. What is each person's marital status?<br /></span> <div class="i1">Fill one circle</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Now married<br />[] Widowed<br />[] Divorced<br />[] Separated<br />[] Never married</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">"If the person's only marriage was annulled, mark <span class="em">Never married</span>."</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 1 Married, spouse present 2 Married, spouse absent 3 Separated 4 Divorced 5 Widowed 6 Never married/single This variable indicates the respondent's current marital status. IPUMS Children ever born <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><span class="em">25.</span> If this is a girl or a woman - <span class="em">How many babies has she ever had, not counting stillbirths?</span> Do not count her stepchildren or children she has adopted.</p> <div class="i1">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6<br />[] 7<br />[] 8<br />[] 9<br />[] 10<br />[] 11<br />[] 12 or more<br />[] None</div><p>"Count all the children the girl or woman has ever had, even if some of them have died or no longer live with her." United States 1970: Women, age 14+ [discrepancies: none] 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of children ever born to each woman. Women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the children were still living; they were to exclude stillbirths, adopted children, and stepchildren. IPUMS Birthplace [All] <br /><span class="em">13a. Where was this person born?</span><div class="i1">If born in hospital, give State or country where mother lived. If born outside U.S., see instruction sheet; distinguish Northern Ireland from Ireland (Eire).</div><div class="i2">[] This State<br />or<br />_____(Name of State or foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><div class="i1">"Mark the circle for <span class="em">This State </span>if he now lives in the same State as he was born in. If born in a <span class="em">different State</span>, print name of State. <span class="em">If born outside U.S.</span>, print name of country, U.S. possession, etc. Use international boundaries as now recognized by the U.S."</div> United States 1970: All persons 00100 Alabama 00200 Alaska 00400 Arizona 00500 Arkansas 00600 California 00800 Colorado 00900 Connecticut 01000 Delaware 01100 District of Columbia 01200 Florida 01300 Georgia 01500 Hawaii 01600 Idaho 01700 Illinois 01800 Indiana 01900 Iowa 02000 Kansas 02100 Kentucky 02200 Louisiana 02300 Maine 02400 Maryland 02500 Massachusetts 02600 Michigan 02700 Minnesota 02800 Mississippi 02900 Missouri 03000 Montana 03100 Nebraska 03200 Nevada 03300 New Hampshire 03400 New Jersey 03500 New Mexico 03600 New York 03700 North Carolina 03800 North Dakota 03900 Ohio 04000 Oklahoma 04100 Oregon 04200 Pennsylvania 04400 Rhode Island 04500 South Carolina 04600 South Dakota 04700 Tennessee 04800 Texas 04900 Utah 05000 Vermont 05100 Virginia 05300 Washington 05400 West Virginia 05500 Wisconsin 05600 Wyoming 09900 United States, n.s. 10000 American Samoa 10500 Guam 11000 Puerto Rico 11500 U S Virgin Islands 12091 US possessions, n.s. 15000 Canada 16000 Atlantic Islands 20000 Mexico 21010 Belize/British Honduras 21020 Costa Rica 21030 El Salvador 21040 Guatemala 21050 Honduras 21060 Nicaragua 21070 Panama 25000 Cuba 26010 Dominican Republic 26020 Haiti 26030 Jamaica 26040 British West Indies 26060 Trinidad Tobago 26070 Other West Indies 30005 Argentina 30010 Bolivia 30015 Brazil 30020 Chile 30025 Colombia 30030 Ecuador 30045 Paraguay 30050 Peru 30060 Uruguay 30065 Venezuela 30090 South America, n.s. 40000 Denmark 40100 Finland 40200 Iceland 40400 Norway 40500 Sweden 41000 England 41100 Scotland 41200 Wales 41400 Ireland 41410 Northern Ireland 42000 Belgium 42100 France 42300 Luxembourg 42500 Netherlands 42600 Switzerland 43000 Albania 43300 Greece 43400 Italy 43600 Portugal 43610 Azores 43800 Spain 45000 Austria 45100 Bulgaria 45200 Czechoslovakia 45300 Germany 45400 Hungary 45500 Poland 45600 Romania 45700 Yugoslavia 46000 Estonia 46100 Latvia 46200 Lithuania 46500 Other USSR/ Russia 46510 Byelorussia 46530 Ukraine 49900 Europe, n.s. 50000 China 50100 Japan 50200 Korea 51500 Philippines 51800 Vietnam 52100 India 52140 Pakistan 52200 Iran 53400 Israel/Palestine 53500 Jordan 53700 Lebanon 54100 Syria 54200 Turkey 54800 Southwest Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 59900 Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 60010 Northern Africa 60012 Egypt/United Arab Rep 60070 Central Africa 60090 Southern Africa 60094 South Africa (Union of) 60099 Africa, n.s./n.e.c. 70010 Australia 70020 New Zealand 71000 Pacific Islands 71040 US Pacific Trust Territories 90010 Abroad, n.s. 90011 Abroad (US citizen) 90021 At sea (US citizen) This variable indicates the U.S. state or the foreign country where the person was born. IPUMS Mother's birthplace <svar a="US70A431" v="US70A431 US70A433">[15%]<br /><span class="em">15. What country was his mother born in? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] United States<br />or<br />_____<br />(Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 09900 United States, n.s. 10000 American Samoa 10500 Guam 11000 Puerto Rico 11500 U S Virgin Islands 12091 US Possessions, n.s. 15000 Canada 16000 Atlantic Islands 20000 Mexico 21010 Belize/British Honduras 21020 Costa Rica 21030 El Salvador 21040 Guatemala 21050 Honduras 21060 Nicaragua 21070 Panama 21071 Canal Zone 25000 Cuba 26010 Dominican Republic 26020 Haiti 26030 Jamaica 26040 British West Indies 26060 Trinidad and Tobago 26070 Other West Indies 30005 Argentina 30010 Bolivia 30015 Brazil 30020 Chile 30025 Colombia 30030 Ecuador 30045 Paraguay 30050 Peru 30060 Uruguay 30065 Venezuela 30090 South America, n.s. 40000 Denmark 40100 Finland 40200 Iceland 40400 Norway 40500 Sweden 41000 England 41100 Scotland 41200 Wales 41400 Ireland 41410 Northern Ireland 42000 Belgium 42100 France 42300 Luxembourg 42500 Netherlands 42600 Switzerland 43000 Albania 43300 Greece 43400 Italy 43600 Portugal 43610 Azores 43800 Spain 45000 Austria 45100 Bulgaria 45200 Czechoslovakia 45300 Germany 45400 Hungary 45500 Poland 45600 Romania 45700 Yugoslavia 46000 Estonia 46100 Latvia 46200 Lithuania 46500 Other USSR/ Russia 46510 Byelorussia 46530 Ukraine 49900 Europe, n.e.c./n.s. 50000 China 50100 Japan 50200 Korea 51500 Philippines 51800 Vietnam 52100 India 52200 Iran 53400 Israel/Palestine 53500 Jordan 53700 Lebanon 54100 Syria 54200 Turkey 54800 Southwest Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 59900 Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 60010 Northern Africa 60012 Egypt/United Arab Rep 60070 Central Africa 60090 Southern Africa 60094 South Africa (Union of) 60099 Africa, n.s./n.e.c. 70010 Australia 70020 New Zealand 71000 Pacific Islands 71040 US Pacific Trust Territories 90010 Abroad, n.s. This variable indicates the state, territory, or foreign country where the respondent's mother was born. IPUMS Father's birthplace <span class="em">14. What country was his father born in? </span><div class="i1">[] United States<br />or<br />_____<br />(Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div> United States 1970: All persons 09900 United States, n.s. 10000 American Samoa 10500 Guam 11000 Puerto Rico 11500 U S Virgin Islands 12091 US possessions, n.s. 15000 Canada 16000 Atlantic Islands 20000 Mexico 21010 Belize/British Honduras 21020 Costa Rica 21030 El Salvador 21040 Guatemala 21050 Honduras 21060 Nicaragua 21070 Panama 21071 Canal Zone 25000 Cuba 26010 Dominican Republic 26020 Haiti 26030 Jamaica 26040 British West Indies 26060 Trinidad and Tobago 26070 Other West Indies 30005 Argentina 30010 Bolivia 30015 Brazil 30020 Chile 30025 Colombia 30030 Ecuador 30045 Paraguay 30050 Peru 30060 Uruguay 30065 Venezuela 30090 South America, n.s. 40000 Denmark 40100 Finland 40200 Iceland 40400 Norway 40500 Sweden 41000 England 41100 Scotland 41200 Wales 41400 Ireland 41410 Northern Ireland 42000 Belgium 42100 France 42300 Luxembourg 42500 Netherlands 42600 Switzerland 43000 Albania 43300 Greece 43400 Italy 43600 Portugal 43610 Azores 43800 Spain 45000 Austria 45100 Bulgaria 45200 Czechoslovakia 45300 Germany 45400 Hungary 45500 Poland 45600 Romania 45700 Yugoslavia 46000 Estonia 46100 Latvia 46200 Lithuania 46500 Other USSR/ Russia 46510 Byelorussia 46530 Ukraine 49900 Europe, n.e.c./n.s. 50000 China 50100 Japan 50200 Korea 51500 Philippines 51800 Vietnam 52100 India 52140 Pakistan 52200 Iran 53400 Israel/Palestine 53500 Jordan 53700 Lebanon 54100 Syria 54200 Turkey 54800 Southwest Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 59900 Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 60010 Northern Africa 60012 Egypt/United Arab Rep 60070 Central Africa 60090 Southern Africa 60094 South Africa (Union of) 60099 Africa, n.s./n.e.c. 70010 Australia 70020 New Zealand 71000 Pacific Islands 71040 US Pacific Trust Territories 90010 Abroad, n.s. This variable indicates the state, territory, or foreign country where the respondent's father was born. IPUMS Nativity recode [All] <br /><span class="em">13a. Where was this person born?</span><div class="i1">If born in hospital, give State or country where mother lived. If born outside U.S., see instruction sheet; distinguish Northern Ireland from Ireland (Eire).</div><div class="i2">[] This State<br />or<br />_____(Name of State or foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><div class="i1">"Mark the circle for <span class="em">This State </span>if he now lives in the same State as he was born in. If born in a <span class="em">different State</span>, print name of State. <span class="em">If born outside U.S.</span>, print name of country, U.S. possession, etc. Use international boundaries as now recognized by the U.S."</div><span class="em">14. What country was his father born in? </span><div class="i1">[] United States<br />or<br />_____<br />(Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><svar a="US70A431" v="US70A431 US70A433">[15%]<br /><span class="em">15. What country was his mother born in? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] United States<br />or<br />_____<br />(Name of foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 1 Both parents native-born 2 Father foreign, mother native 3 Mother foreign, father native 4 Both parents foreign 5 Foreign-born This variable indicates whether respondents were either native-born or foreign-born; for native-born respondents, it indicates whether their mothers and/or fathers were native-born or foreign-born. IPUMS Mother tongue <svar a="all" v="US70A435">[15 %]<br /><span class="em">17. What language, other than English, was spoken in this person's home when he was a child?</span> Fill one circle.<br /><div class="i1">[] Spanish<br />[] French<br />[] German<br />[] Other (Specify)_____<br /> [] None, English only</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">"If more than one language other than English was spoken, mark principal language."</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 0100 English 0200 German 0300 Yiddish, Jewish 0440 Dutch, Afrikaans, Frisian 0450 Belgian, Flemish 0500 Swedish 0600 Danish 0700 Norwegian 0800 Icelandic 1000 Italian 1100 French 1200 Spanish 1220 Ladino, Sefaradit, Spanol 1300 Portuguese 1400 Rumanian 1510 Welsh, Breton, Cornish 1540 Irish Gaelic, Gaelic 1570 Scottish Gaelic 1600 Greek 1700 Albanian 1810 Russian, Great Russian 1820 Bielo-, White Russian 1900 Ukrainian, Ruthenian, Little Russian, Cossack-70, 2000 Czech 2100 Polish 2200 Slovak 2300 Serbo-Croatian, Yugoslavian, Slavonian-40 2330 Dalmatian, Montenegrin 2400 Slovene 2500 Lithuanian 2600 Other Balto-Slavic 2800 Armenian 2900 Persian, Iranian, Farssi 3000 Other Persian dialects 3102 Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu 3110 Other Indo-Aryan 3200 Romany, Gypsy 3300 Finnish 3400 Magyar, Hungarian 3500 Uralic 3600 Turkish 3700 Other Altaic 3800 Caucasian, Georgian, Avar 3900 Basque 4000 Dravidian 4300 Chinese 4302 Cantonese, Yueh 4303 Mandarin 4310 Other Chinese 4400 Tibetan 4500 Burmese, Lisu, Lolo 4700 Thai, Siamese, Lao 4800 Japanese 4900 Korean 5000 Vietnamese 5100 Other East/Southeast Asian 5200 Indonesian 5300 Other Malayan 5400 Filipino, Tagalog 5500 Miconesian, Polynesian 5600 Hawaiian 5700 Arabic 5710 Algerian, Moroccan, Tunisian 5720 Egyptian 5730 Iraqi, Chaldean-70 5740 Libyan 5750 Maltese 5800 Near East Arabic dialect 5900 Hebrew, Israeli 6000 Amharic, Ethiopian, etc. 6100 Hamitic 6320 Eastern Sudanic and Khoisan 6321 Niger-Congo regions (many subheads) 6322 Congo, Kongo, Luba, Ruanda, Rundi, Santali, Swa 6400 African, n.s. 7100 Aleut, Eskimo 7200 Algonquian 7300 Salish, Flathead 7400 Athapascan 7500 Navajo 7600 Penutian-Sahaptin 7800 Zuni 7900 Yuman 8100 Siouan languages 8200 Muskogean 8300 Keres 8400 Iroquoian 8500 Caddoan 8600 Shoshonean/Hopi 8700 Pima, Papago 8900 Aztecan, Nahuatl, Uto-Aztecan 9000 Tanoan languages 9300 American Indian, n.s., Tlingit-70 9601 Other (not classified) 9602 Other (not specified) 9900 Unknown This variable indicates the mother tongue of individual. IPUMS Spanish-American recode, 1970 United States 1970: All persons 1 No, not Spanish-American 2 Yes, Spanish-American This variable indicates whether the person is Spanish-American or not. IPUMS Spanish surname <span class="em">1. What is the name of each person </span><div class="i1">Who was living here on Wednesday, April 1, 1970 or who was staying or visiting here and had no other home?<br /><br />Print names in this order:</div><div class="i2">Head of the household<br />Wife of head<br />Unmarried children, oldest first<br />Married children and their families<br />Other relatives of the head<br />Persons not related to the head</div><div class="i2">Last name</div><div class="i3">_____</div><div class="i2">First name Middle Initial</div><div class="i3">_____</div> United States 1970: Persons in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not Spanish surname 2 Yes, Spanish surname This variable indicates persons with Spanish surnames, based on comparisons of surnames with lists of Spanish surnames. In 1970, the Census Bureau used Spanish surname as one means of identifying Spanish Americans (see SPANAMER). IPUMS School attendence <svar a="all" v="US70A443 US70A440">[15%]<br /><span class="em">20. Since February 1, 1970, has this person attended regular school or college at any time? </span><br /><div class="i1">Count nursery school, kindergarten, and schooling which leads to an elementary school certificate, high school diploma, or college degree.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] No<br />[] Yes, public<br />[] Yes, parochial<br />[] Yes, other private</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">"Do not count trade or business school, company training, or tutoring unless you think he could get credit for it at a regular school or college."</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not in school 2 Yes, in school This variable indicates whether the respondent attended school during a specified period. IPUMS Highest grade of schooling [All] <br /><span class="em">21. What is the highest grade (or year) of regular school he has ever attended?<br /></span><div class="i1">Fill one circle. If now attending, mark grade he is in.</div><div class="i2">[] Never attended school - Skip to 23<br />[] Nursery school<br />[] Kindergarten</div><div class="i1">Elementary through high school (grade or year)</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6<br />[] 7<br />[] 8<br />[] 9<br />[] 10<br />[] 11<br />[] 12</div><div class="i1">College (academic year)</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6 or more</div><div class="i1">"Mark the highest grade he attended even if he did not finish it. If he is still in school, mark the grade he is in now. If he skipped or repeated grades, mark the highest grade ever attended, regardless of how long it took to get there. If he finished high school, but did not go to college, mark <span class="em">12</span>. For college, mark the highest academic year attended."</div> United States 1970: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none] 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 None (no levels of school completed) 011 Didn t finish nursery school 012 Attending nursery school 020 Nursery school 021 Didn t finish kindergarten 022 Attending kindergarten 030 Kindergarten 031 Didn t finish 1 st grade 032 Attending 1 st grade 040 1 st grade 041 Didn t finish 2 nd grade 042 Attending 2 nd grade 050 2 nd grade 051 Didn t finish 3 rd grade 052 Attending 3 rd grade 060 3 rd grade 061 Didn t finish 4 th grade 062 Attending 4 th grade 070 4 th grade 071 Didn t finish 5 th grade 072 Attending 5 th grade 080 5 th grade 081 Didn t finish 6 th grade 082 Attending 6 th grade 090 6 th grade 091 Didn t finish 7 th grade 092 Attending 7 th grade 100 7 th grade 101 Didn t finish 8 th grade 102 Attending 8 th grade 110 8 th grade 111 Didn t finish 9 th grade 112 Attending 9 th grade 120 9 th grade 121 Didn t finish 10 th grade 122 Attending 10 th grade 130 10 th grade 131 Didn t finish 11 th grade 132 Attending 11 th grade 140 11 th grade 141 Didn t finish 12 th grade 142 Attending 12 th grade 150 12 th grade 151 Didn t finish 1 st year college 152 Attending 1 st year college 160 1 st year 161 Didn t finish 2 nd year 162 Attending 2 nd year 170 2 nd year 171 Didn t finish 3 rd year 172 Attending 3 rd year 180 3 rd year 181 Didn t finish 4 th year 182 Attending 4 th year 190 4 th year 191 Didn t finish 5 th year 192 Attending 5 th year 200 5 th year or more (40-50) 201 Didn t finish 6 th year 202 Attending 6 th year 210 6 th year or more (60,70) This variable indicates the highest grade of school attended or completed by the respondent. IPUMS Educational attainment recode [All] <br /><span class="em">21. What is the highest grade (or year) of regular school he has ever attended?<br /></span><div class="i1">Fill one circle. If now attending, mark grade he is in.</div><div class="i2">[] Never attended school - Skip to 23<br />[] Nursery school<br />[] Kindergarten</div><div class="i1">Elementary through high school (grade or year)</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6<br />[] 7<br />[] 8<br />[] 9<br />[] 10<br />[] 11<br />[] 12</div><div class="i1">College (academic year)</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6 or more</div><div class="i1">"Mark the highest grade he attended even if he did not finish it. If he is still in school, mark the grade he is in now. If he skipped or repeated grades, mark the highest grade ever attended, regardless of how long it took to get there. If he finished high school, but did not go to college, mark <span class="em">12</span>. For college, mark the highest academic year attended."</div> United States 1970: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 None or preschool 2 Grade 1 , 2 , 3 , or 4 3 Grade 5 , 6 , 7 , or 8 4 Grade 9 5 Grade 10 6 Grade 11 7 Grade 12 8 1 to 3 years of college 9 4 years of college This variable indicates educational attainment by way of combining two separate IPUMS variables, HIGRADE and EDUC99. IPUMS Public or private school <svar a="all" v="US70A443 US70A440">[15%]<br /><span class="em">20. Since February 1, 1970, has this person attended regular school or college at any time? </span><br /><div class="i1">Count nursery school, kindergarten, and schooling which leads to an elementary school certificate, high school diploma, or college degree.</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] No<br />[] Yes, public<br />[] Yes, parochial<br />[] Yes, other private</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">"Do not count trade or business school, company training, or tutoring unless you think he could get credit for it at a regular school or college."</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not enrolled 2 Public school 3 Parochial 4 Other private This variable indicates whether respondents attending school were enrolled in a public or a private school. IPUMS Employment status <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><span class="em">30. Does this person have a job or business from which he was temporarily absent or on layoff last week? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes, on layoff<br />[] Yes, on vacation, temporary illness, labor dispute, etc.<br />[] No</div><p>"Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he works only during certain seasons or is "on call" to work when needed." United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 At work 2 Has job, not working 3 Armed forces--at work 4 Armed forces--with job but not at work 5 Unemployed 6 Not in Labor Force This variable indicates whether the respondent was a part of the labor force--working or seeking work--and, if so, whether the person was currently unemployed. IPUMS Labor force status <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><span class="em">30. Does this person have a job or business from which he was temporarily absent or on layoff last week? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes, on layoff<br />[] Yes, on vacation, temporary illness, labor dispute, etc.<br />[] No</div><p>"Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he works only during certain seasons or is "on call" to work when needed." United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force This variable indicates whether a person participated in the labor force. IPUMS Occupation, 1950 basis <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><span class="em">33-35. Current or most recent job activity </span></p> <p>Describe clearly this person's chief job activity or business last week, if any. If he had more than one job, describe the one at which he worked the most hours. If this person had no job or business last week, give information for last job or business since 1960.</p> <div class="i1">_____</div><svar a="all" v="US70A446 US70A447">[All]<br /><span class="em">34. Occupation </span><br /><br /><span class="em">a. What kind of work was he doing? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____</div><br /><br />(For example: TV repairman, sewing machine operator, spray painter, civil engineer, farm operator, farm hand, junior high English teacher)<br /><br />"Write two or more words to tell the kind of work he does. If he is a trainee, apprentice, or helper, write that down too. See examples of acceptable answers on the Census form and here.<br /><br /><span class="em">Acceptable </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">Sales clerk<br />Carpenter's helper<br />Practical nurse</div><br /><br /><span class="em">Unacceptable </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">Clerk<br />Helper<br />Nurse</div><br /><br /><span class="em">b. What were his most important activities or duties? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____<br />(For example: Types, keeps account books, files, sells cars, operates printing press, cleans buildings, finishes concrete)</div><br /><br />"Write the most important things that he does on the job. Some examples are shown on the Census form."<br /><br /><span class="em">c. What was his job title? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____</div><br /><br />"Print his job title (what his employer calls his job). If he has no job title, print <span class="em">None</span>."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not new workers [not verifiable] 000 Accountants and auditors 001 Actors and actresses 002 Airplane pilots and navigators 003 Architects 004 Artists and art teachers 006 Authors 007 Chemists 008 Chiropractors 009 Clergymen 010 College presidents and deans 012 Agricultural sciences 013 Biological sciences 014 Chemistry 015 Economics 016 Engineering 018 Mathematics 019 Medical sciences 023 Physics 024 Psychology 026 Natural science (n e c ) 027 Social sciences (n e c ) 028 Nonscientific subjects 029 Subject not specified 031 Dancers and dancing teachers 032 Dentists 033 Designers 034 Dieticians and nutritionists 035 Draftsmen 036 Editors and reporters 041 Engineers, aeronautical 042 Engineers, chemical 043 Engineers, civil 044 Engineers, electrical 045 Engineers, industrial 046 Engineers, mechanical 047 Engineers, metallurgical, metallurgists 048 Engineers, mining 049 Engineers (n e c ) 051 Entertainers (n e c ) 052 Farm and home management advisors 053 Foresters and conservationists 054 Funeral directors and embalmers 055 Lawyers and judges 056 Librarians 057 Musicians and music teachers 058 Nurses, professional 059 Nurses, student professional 061 Agricultural scientists 062 Biological scientists 063 Geologists and geophysicists 067 Mathematicians 068 Physicists 069 Miscellaneous natural scientists 070 Optometrists 072 Personnel and labor relations workers 073 Pharmacists 074 Photographers 075 Physicians and surgeons 076 Radio operators 077 Recreation and group workers 078 Religious workers 079 Social and welfare workers, except group 081 Economists 082 Psychologists 083 Statisticians and actuaries 084 Miscellaneous social scientists 091 Sports instructors and officials 092 Surveyors 093 Teachers (n e c ) 094 Technicians, medical and dental 095 Technicians, testing 096 Technicians (n e c ) 097 Therapists and healers (n e c ) 098 Veterinarians 099 Professional, technical and kindred workers (n. 100 Farmers (owners and tenants) 123 Farm managers 200 Buyers and department heads, store 201 Buyers and shippers, farm products 203 Conductors, railroad 204 Credit men 210 Inspectors, public administration 230 Managers and superintendents, building 240 Officers, pilots, pursers and engineers, ship 250 Officials and administrators (n.e.c.), public a 260 Officials, lodge, society, union, etc. 270 Postmasters 280 Purchasing agents and buyers (n e c ) 290 Managers, officials, and proprietors (n.e.c.) 300 Agents (n e c ) 301 Attendants and assistants, library 302 Attendants, physician's and dentist's office 305 Bank tellers 310 Bookkeepers 320 Cashiers 321 Collectors, bill and account 322 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 335 Mail carriers 340 Messengers and office boys 341 Office machine operators 342 Shipping and receiving clerks 350 Stenographers, typists, and secretaries 360 Telegraph messengers 365 Telegraph operators 370 Telephone operators 380 Ticket, station, and express agents 390 Clerical and kindred workers (n e c ) 400 Advertising agents and salesmen 410 Auctioneers 420 Demonstrators 430 Hucksters and peddlers 450 Insurance agents and brokers 460 Newsboys 470 Real estate agents and brokers 480 Stock and bond salesmen 490 Salesmen and sales clerks (n e c ) 500 Bakers 501 Blacksmiths 502 Bookbinders 503 Boilermakers 504 Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 505 Cabinetmakers 510 Carpenters 511 Cement and concrete finishers 512 Compositors and typesetters 513 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 514 Decorators and window dressers 515 Electricians 520 Electrotypers and stereotypers 521 Engravers, except photoengravers 522 Excavating, grading, and road machinery operato 523 Foremen (n e c ) 524 Forgemen and hammermen 525 Furriers 530 Glaziers 531 Heat treaters, annealers, temperers 532 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumbe 533 Inspectors (n e c ) 534 Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversm 535 Job setters, metal 540 Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, a 541 Locomotive engineers 542 Locomotive firemen 543 Loom fixers 544 Machinists 545 Mechanics and repairmen, airplane 550 Mechanics and repairmen, automobile 551 Mechanics and repairmen, office machine 552 Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television 553 Mechanics and repairmen, railroad and car shop 554 Mechanics and repairmen (n e c ) 555 Millers, grain, flour, feed, etc. 560 Millwrights 561 Molders, metal 562 Motion picture projectionists 563 Opticians and lens grinders and polishers 564 Painters, construction and maintenance 570 Pattern and model makers, except paper 571 Photoengravers and lithographers 572 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 573 Plasterers 574 Plumbers and pipe fitters 575 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 580 Rollers and roll hands, metal 581 Roofers and slaters 582 Shoemakers and repairers, except factory 583 Stationary engineers 584 Stone cutters and stone carvers 585 Structural metal workers 590 Tailors and tailoresses 591 Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal worker 592 Tool makers, and die makers and setters 593 Upholsterers 594 Craftsmen and kindred workers (n e c ) 595 Members of the armed services 600 Apprentice auto mechanics 601 Apprentice bricklayers and masons 602 Apprentice carpenters 603 Apprentice electricians 604 Apprentice machinists and toolmakers 605 Apprentice mechanics, except auto 610 Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters 611 Apprentices, building trades (n.e.c.) 612 Apprentices, metalworking trades (n.e.c.) 613 Apprentices, printing trades 614 Apprentices, other specified trades 615 Apprentices, trade not specified 620 Asbestos and insulation workers 621 Attendants, auto service and parking 622 Blasters and powdermen 623 Boatmen, canalmen, and lock keepers 624 Brakemen, railroad 625 Bus drivers 630 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying 631 Conductors, bus and street railway 632 Deliverymen and routemen 633 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 634 Dyers 635 Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal 640 Fruit, nut, and vegetable graders, and packers, 641 Furnacemen, smeltermen and pourers 642 Heaters, metal 643 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives 644 Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing hous 645 Milliners 650 Mine operatives and laborers 660 Motormen, mine, factory, logging camp, etc. 662 Oilers and greaser, except auto 670 Painters, except construction or maintenance 671 Photographic process workers 672 Power station operators 673 Sailors and deck hands 674 Sawyers 680 Stationary firemen 681 Switchmen, railroad 682 Taxicab drivers and chauffers 683 Truck and tractor drivers 684 Weavers, textile 685 Welders and flame cutters 690 Operative and kindred workers (n e c ) 700 Housekeepers, private household 710 Laundressses, private household 720 Private household workers (n e c ) 730 Attendants, hospital and other institution 731 Attendants, professional and personal service ( 732 Attendants, recreation and amusement 740 Barbers, beauticians, and manicurists 750 Bartenders 751 Bootblacks 752 Boarding and lodging house keepers 753 Charwomen and cleaners 754 Cooks, except private household 760 Counter and fountain workers 761 Elevator operators 762 Firemen, fire protection 763 Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers 764 Housekeepers and stewards, except private house 770 Janitors and sextons 771 Marshals and constables 772 Midwives 773 Policemen and detectives 780 Porters 781 Practical nurses 782 Sheriffs and bailiffs 783 Ushers, recreation and amusement 784 Waiters and waitresses 785 Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders 790 Service workers, except private household (n.e. 810 Farm foremen 820 Farm laborers, wage workers 830 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 840 Farm service laborers, self-employed 910 Fishermen and oystermen 930 Gardeners, except farm, and groundskeepers 940 Longshoremen and stevedores 950 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 960 Teamsters 970 Laborers (n e c ) 999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the 1950 Census Bureau occupational classification system for occupational data, to enhance comparability across years. IPUMS Occupation <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><span class="em">33-35. Current or most recent job activity </span></p> <p>Describe clearly this person's chief job activity or business last week, if any. If he had more than one job, describe the one at which he worked the most hours. If this person had no job or business last week, give information for last job or business since 1960.</p> <div class="i1">_____</div><svar a="all" v="US70A446 US70A447">[All]<br /><span class="em">34. Occupation </span><br /><br /><span class="em">a. What kind of work was he doing? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____</div><br /><br />(For example: TV repairman, sewing machine operator, spray painter, civil engineer, farm operator, farm hand, junior high English teacher)<br /><br />"Write two or more words to tell the kind of work he does. If he is a trainee, apprentice, or helper, write that down too. See examples of acceptable answers on the Census form and here.<br /><br /><span class="em">Acceptable </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">Sales clerk<br />Carpenter's helper<br />Practical nurse</div><br /><br /><span class="em">Unacceptable </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">Clerk<br />Helper<br />Nurse</div><br /><br /><span class="em">b. What were his most important activities or duties? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____<br />(For example: Types, keeps account books, files, sells cars, operates printing press, cleans buildings, finishes concrete)</div><br /><br />"Write the most important things that he does on the job. Some examples are shown on the Census form."<br /><br /><span class="em">c. What was his job title? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">_____</div><br /><br />"Print his job title (what his employer calls his job). If he has no job title, print <span class="em">None</span>."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not armed forces, not new workers [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 001 Accountants 002 Architects 003 Computer programmers 004 Computer systems analysts 005 Computer specialists, n.e.c. 006 Aeronautical and astronautical engineers 010 Chemical engineers 011 Civil engineers 012 Electrical end electronic engineers 013 Industrial engineers 014 Mechanical engineers 015 Metallurgical and materials engineers 020 Mining engineers 021 Petroleum engineers 022 Sales engineers 023 Engineers, n.e.c. 024 Farm management advisors 025 Foresters and conservationists 026 Home management advisors 030 Judges 031 Lawyers 032 Librarians 033 Archivists and curators 034 Actuaries 035 Mathematicians 036 Statisticians 042 Agricultural scientists 043 Atmospheric and space scientists 044 Biological scientists 045 Chemists 051 Geologists 052 Marine scientists 053 Physicists and astronomers 054 Life and physical scientists, n.e.c. 055 Operations and systems researchers and analysts 056 Personnel and labor relations workers 061 Chiropractors 062 Dentists 063 Optometrists 064 Pharmacists 065 Physicians, medical and osteopathic 071 Podiatrists 072 Veterinarians 073 Health practitioners, n.e.c. 074 Dietitians 075 Registered nurses 076 Therapists 080 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 081 Dental hygienists 082 Health record technologists and technicians 083 Radiologic technologists and technicians 084 Therapy assistants 085 Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. 086 Clergymen 090 Religious workers, n.e.c. 091 Economists 092 Political scientists 093 Psychologists 094 Sociologists 095 Urban and regional planners 096 Social scientists, n.e.c. 100 Social workers 101 Recreation workers 102 Agriculture teachers 103 Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space teachers 104 Biology teachers 105 Chemistry teachers 110 Physics teachers 111 Engineering teachers 112 Mathematics teachers 113 Health specialties teachers 114 Psychology teachers 115 Business and commerce teachers 116 Economics teachers 120 History teachers 121 Sociology teachers 122 Social science teachers, n.e.c. 123 Art, drama, and music teachers 124 Coaches and physical education teachers 125 Education teachers 126 English teachers 130 Foreign language teachers 131 Home economics teachers 132 Law teachers 133 Theology teachers 134 Trade, industrial, and technical teachers 135 Miscellaneous teachers, college and university 140 Teachers, college and university, subject not specified 141 Adult education teachers 142 Elementary school teachers 143 Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers 144 Secondary school teachers 145 Teachers, except college and university, n.e.c. 150 Agriculture and biological technicians, except health 151 Chemical technicians 152 Draftsmen 153 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 154 Industrial engineering technicians 155 Mechanical engineering technicians 156 Mathematical technicians 161 Surveyors 162 Engineering and science technicians, n.e.c. 163 Airplane pilots 164 Air traffic controllers 165 Embalmers 170 Flight engineers 171 Radio operators 172 Tool programmers, numerical control 173 Technicians, n.e.c. 174 Vocational and educational counselors 175 Actors 180 Athletes and kindred workers 181 Authors 182 Dancers 183 Designers 184 Editors and reporters 185 Musicians and composers 190 Painters and sculptors 191 Photographers 192 Public relations men and publicity writers 193 Radio and television announcers 194 Writers, artists, and entertainers, n.e.c. 195 Research workers, n.s. 196 Professional, technical, and kindred workers -- allocated 201 Assessors, controllers, and treasurers, local public administration 202 Bank officers and financial managers 203 Buyers and shippers, farm products 205 Buyers, wholesale and retail trade 210 Credit men 211 Funeral directors 212 Health administrators 213 Construction inspectors, public administration 215 Inspectors, except construction, public administration 216 Managers and superintendents, building 220 Office managers, n.e.c. 221 Officers, pilots, and pursers, ship 222 Officials and administrators, public administration, n.e.c. 223 Officials of lodges, societies, and unions 224 Postmasters and mail superintendents 225 Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. 226 Railroad conductors 230 Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers 231 Sales managers and department heads, retail trade 233 Sales managers, except retail trade 235 School administrators, college 240 School administrators, elementary and secondary 245 Managers and administrators, n.e.c. 246 Managers and administrators, except farm--allocated 260 Advertising agents and salesmen 261 Auctioneers 262 Demonstrators 264 Hucksters and peddlers 265 Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters 266 Newsboys 270 Real estate agents and brokers 271 Stock and bond salesmen 281 Sales representatives, manufacturing industries 282 Sales representatives, wholesale trade 283 Sales clerks, retail trade 284 Salesmen, retail trade 285 Salesmen of services and construction 296 Sales workers--allocated 301 Bank tellers 303 Billing clerks 305 Bookkeepers 310 Cashiers 311 Clerical assistants, social welfare 312 Clerical supervisors, n.e.c. 313 Collectors, bill and account 314 Counter clerks, except food 315 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 320 Enumerators and interviewers 321 Estimators and investigators, n.e.c. 323 Expediters and production controllers 325 File clerks 326 Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators 330 Library attendants and assistants 331 Mail carriers, post office 332 Mail handlers, except post office 333 Messengers and office boys 334 Meter readers, utilities 341 Bookkeeping and billing machine operators 342 Calculating machine operators 343 Computer and peripheral equipment operators 344 Duplicating machine operators 345 Key punch operators 350 Tabulating machine operators 355 Office machine operators, n.e.c. 360 Payroll and timekeeping clerks 361 Postal clerks 362 Proofreaders 363 Real estate appraisers 364 Receptionists 370 Secretaries, legal 371 Secretaries, medical 372 Secretaries, n.e.c. 374 Shipping and receiving clerks 375 Statistical clerks 376 Stenographers 381 Stock clerks and storekeepers 382 Teacher aides, except school monitors 383 Telegraph messengers 384 Telegraph operators 385 Telephone operators 390 Ticket, station, and express agents 391 Typists 392 Weighers 394 Miscellaneous clerical workers 395 Clerical workers, n.s. 396 Clerical and kindred workers -- allocated 401 Automobile accessories installers 402 Bakers 403 Blacksmiths 404 Boilermakers 405 Bookbinders 410 Brickmasons and stonemasons 411 Brickmason and stonemason apprentices 412 Bulldozer operators 413 Cabinetmakers 415 Carpenters 416 Carpenter apprentices 420 Carpet installers 421 Cement and concrete finishers 422 Compositors and typesetters 423 Printing trades apprentices, except pressmen 424 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 425 Decorators and window dressers 426 Dental laboratory technicians 430 Electricians 431 Electrician apprentices 433 Electric power linemen and cablemen 434 Electrotypers and stereotypers 435 Engravers, except photoengravers 436 Excavating, grading, and road machine operators, except bulldozer 440 Floor layers, except tile setters 441 Foremen, n.e.c. 442 Forgemen and hammermen 443 Furniture and wood finishers 444 Furriers 445 Glaziers 446 Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers 450 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber 452 Inspectors, n.e.c. 453 Jewelers and watchmakers 454 Job and die setters, metal 455 Locomotive engineers 456 Locomotive firemen 461 Machinists 462 Machinist apprentices 470 Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration 471 Aircraft 472 Automobile body repairmen 473 Automobile mechanics 474 Automobile mechanic apprentices 475 Data processing machine repairmen 480 Farm implement 481 Heavy equipment and diesel mechanics 482 Household appliance and accessory installers and mechanics 483 Loom fixers 484 Office machine 485 Radio and television 486 Railroad and car shop 491 Mechanic apprentices, except automobile 492 Miscellaneous mechanics and repairmen 495 Mechanics and repairmen, n.s. 501 Millers, grain, flour, and feed 502 Millwrights 503 Molders, metal 504 Molder apprentices 505 Motion picture projectionists 506 Opticians, and lens grinders and polishers 510 Painters, construction and maintenance 511 Painter apprentices 512 Paperhangers 514 Pattern and model makers, except paper 515 Photoengravers and lithographers 516 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 520 Plasterers 521 Plasterer apprentices 522 Plumbers and pipe fitters 523 Plumber and pipe fitter apprentices 525 Power station operators 530 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 531 Pressman apprentices 533 Rollers and finishers, metal 534 Roofers and slaters 535 Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths 536 Sheetmetal apprentices 540 Shipfitters 542 Shoe repairmen 543 Sign painters and letterers 545 Stationary engineers 546 Stone cutters and stone carvers 550 Structural metal craftsmen 551 Tailors 552 Telephone installers and repairmen 554 Telephone linemen and splicers 560 Tile setters 561 Tool and die makers 562 Tool and die maker apprentices 563 Upholsterers 571 Craft apprentices, n.e.c. 572 Apprentices, craft not specified 575 Craftsmen and kindred workers, n.e.c. 580 Former members of the Armed Forces 586 Craftsmen and kindred workers-- allocated 601 Asbestos and insulation workers 602 Assemblers 603 Blasters and powdermen 604 Bottling and canning operatives 605 Chainmen, rodmen, and axemen, surveying 610 Checkers, examiners, and inspectors, manufacturing 611 Clothing ironers and pressers 612 Cutting operatives, n.e.c. 613 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 614 Drillers, earth 615 Dry wall installers and lathers 620 Dyers 621 Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers 622 Furnacemen, smeltermen, and pourers 623 Garage workers and gas station attendants 624 Graders and sorters, manufacturing 625 Produce graders and packers, except factory and farm 626 Heaters, metal 630 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c. 631 Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing 633 Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing 634 Meat wrappers, retail trade 635 Metal platers 636 Milliners 640 Mine operatives, n.e.c. 641 Mixing operatives 642 Oilers and greasers, except auto 643 Packers and wrappers, except meat and produce 644 Painters, manufactured articles 645 Photographic process workers 650 Drill press operatives 651 Grinding machine operatives 652 Lathe and milling machine operatives 653 Precision machine operatives, n.e.c. 656 Punch and stamping press operatives 660 Riveters and fasteners 661 Sailors and deckhands 662 Sawyers 663 Sewers and stitchers 664 Shoemaking machine operatives 665 Solderers 666 Stationary firemen 670 Carding, lapping, and combing operatives 671 Knitters, loopers, and toppers 672 Spinners, twisters, and winders 673 Weavers 674 Textile operatives, n.e.c. 680 Welders and flame-cutters 681 Winding operatives, n.e.c. 690 Miscellaneous machine operatives 692 Machine operatives, n.s. 694 Miscellaneous operatives 695 Operatives, n.s. 696 Operatives, except transport--allocated 701 Boatmen and canalmen 703 Busdrivers 704 Conductors and motormen, urban rail transit 705 Deliverymen and routemen 706 Fork lift and tow motor operatives 710 Motormen in mines, factories, logging camps, etc. 711 Parking attendants 712 Railroad brakemen 713 Railroad switchmen 714 Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs 715 Truck drivers 726 Transport equipment operatives --allocated 740 Animal caretakers, except farm 750 Carpenters' helpers 751 Construction laborers, except carpenters' helpers 752 Fishermen and oystermen 753 Freight and material handlers 754 Garbage collectors 755 Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm 760 Longshoremen and stevedores 761 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 762 Stockhandlers 763 Teamsters 764 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners 770 Warehousemen, n.e.c. 780 Miscellaneous laborers 785 Laborers, n.s. 796 Laborers, except farm--allocated 801 Farmers (owners and tenants) 802 Farm managers 806 Farmers and farm managers--allocated 821 Farm foremen 822 Farm laborers, wage workers 823 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 824 Farm service laborers, self-employed 846 Farm laborers and farm foremen --allocated 901 Chambermaids and maids, except private household 902 Cleaners and charwomen 903 Janitors and sextons 910 Bartenders 911 Busboys 912 Cooks, except private household 913 Dishwashers 914 Food counter and fountain workers 915 Waiters 916 Food service workers, n.e.c., except private household 921 Dental assistants 922 Health aides, except nursing 923 Health trainees 924 Lay midwives 925 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 926 Practical nurses 931 Airline stewardesses 932 Attendants, recreation and amusement 933 Attendants, personal service, n.e.c. 934 Baggage porters and bellhops 935 Barbers 940 Boarding and lodging house keepers 941 Bootblacks 942 Child care workers, except private household 943 Elevator operators 944 Hairdressers and cosmetologists 945 Personal service apprentices 950 Housekeepers, except private household 952 School monitors 953 Ushers, recreation and amusement 954 Welfare service aides 960 Crossing guards and bridge tenders 961 Firemen, fire protection 962 Guards and watchmen 963 Marshals and constables 964 Policemen and detectives 965 Sheriffs and bailiffs 976 Service workers, except private household--allocated 980 Child care workers, private household 981 Cooks, private household 982 Housekeepers, private household 983 Laundresses, private household 984 Maids and servants, private household 986 Private household workers--allocated 991 Unemployed persons, last worked 1959 or earlier This variable indicates the respondent's primary occupation, coded into a contemporary census classification scheme. IPUMS Occupational income score United States 1970: Persons with an occupational response (codes 000-970) recorded in OCC1950 [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the occupational income scores of each occupation. US70A448 is a 2-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Duncan Socioeconomic Index United States 1970: Persons with an occupational response (codes 000-970) recorded in OCC1950 [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the Duncan Socioeconomic Index (SEI) score to each occupation. US70A449 is a 2-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Industry, 1950 basis <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><span class="em">33. Industry </span></p> <p><span class="em">a. For whom did he work?</span> If now on active duty in the Armed Forces, print "AF" and skip to question 36.</p> <div class="i1">_____ (Name of company, business, organization, or other employer)</div><p>"If he worked for company, business, or government agency, print the name of the company, not the name of his supervisor. If he worked for a person or a small business that has no company name, print the name of the person he worked for."</p> <p><span class="em">b. What kind of business or industry was this? </span> <br />Describe activity at location where employed.</p> <div class="i1">_____<br />(For example: Junior high school, retail supermarket, dairy farm, TV and radio service, auto assembly plant, road construction)</div><p>"Write two or more words to tell what the business, industry, or person named in 33a does. Write what it makes or what it sells or what service it gives. Some examples of acceptable answers are shown on the Census form and here."</p> <p><span class="em">Acceptable</span><div class="i1">Cattle ranch<br />Wholesale grocery store<br />Retail gas station<br />Metal furniture manufacturing</div><span class="em">Unacceptable </span><div class="i1">Ranch<br />Grocery store<br />Oil company<br />Furniture company</div><p>If a company does more than one thing (like make household electrical appliances and electric generators) describe only the <span class="em">major</span> activity at the place where he works. If, however, he works at a warehouse, repair shop, etc., that is part of and used only by a larger organization, give the major activity of the larger organization; for example, department store warehouse - report department store."</p> <p><span class="em">c. Is this mainly -</span> (Fill one circle)</p> <div class="i1">[] Manufacturing<br />[] Retail trade<br />[] Wholesale trade<br />[] Other (agriculture, construction, service, government, etc.)</div><p>"Mark <span class="em">Manufacturing</span> if the factory, plant, mill, etc. makes things, even if it also sells them. Mark <span class="em">Wholesale trade</span> if a business does not make things but buys them to sell to stores or other companies. Mark <span class="em">Retail trade</span> if the business mostly sells things (not services) to individuals. Mark <span class="em">Other</span> if the main purpose of the employer is <span class="em">not</span> making or selling things. Some examples of "Other" are services, such as those given by hotels, dry cleaners, repair shops, schools, and banks. Farming and building houses, bridges, roads, are also examples of "Other" kinds of businesses." United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not new workers [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 105 Agriculture 116 Forestry 126 Fisheries 206 Metal mining 216 Coal mining 226 Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction 236 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel 246 Construction 306 Logging 307 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 308 Miscellaneous wood products 309 Furniture and fixtures 316 Glass and glass products 317 Cement, concrete, gypsum and plaster product 318 Structural clay products 319 Pottery and related products 326 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products 336 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mil 337 Other primary iron and steel industries 338 Primary nonferrous industries 346 Fabricated steel products 348 Not specified metal industries 356 Agricultural machinery and tractors 357 Office and store machines and devices 358 Miscellaneous machinery 367 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplie 376 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 377 Aircraft and parts 378 Ship and boat building and repairing 379 Railroad and miscellaneous transportation equipment 386 Professional equipment and supplies 387 Photographic equipment and supplies 388 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devi 399 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 406 Meat products 407 Dairy products 408 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, a 409 Grain-mill products 416 Bakery products 417 Confectionery and related products 418 Beverage industries 419 Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products 426 Not specified food industries 429 Tobacco manufactures 436 Knitting mills 437 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except knit g 438 Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings 439 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 446 Miscellaneous textile mill products 448 Apparel and accessories 449 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 456 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 457 Paperboard containers and boxes 458 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 459 Printing, publishing, and allied industries 466 Synthetic fibers 467 Drugs and medicines 468 Paints, varnishes, and related products 469 Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products 476 Petroleum refining 477 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 478 Rubber products 487 Leather: tanned, curried, and finished 488 Footwear, except rubber 489 Leather products, except footwear 499 Not specified manufacturing industries 506 Railroads and railway express service 516 Street railways and bus lines 526 Trucking service 527 Warehousing and storage 536 Taxicab service 546 Water transportation 556 Air transportation 567 Petroleum and gasoline pipe lines 568 Services incidental to transportation 578 Telephone 579 Telegraph 586 Electric light and power 587 Gas and steam supply systems 588 Electric-gas utilities 596 Water supply 597 Sanitary services 598 Other and not specified utilities 606 Motor vehicles and equipment 607 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 608 Dry goods apparel 609 Food and related products 616 Electrical goods, hardware, and plumbing equ 617 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 618 Petroleum products 619 Farm products--raw materials 626 Miscellaneous wholesale trade 627 Not specified wholesale trade 636 Food stores, except dairy products 637 Dairy products stores and milk retailing 646 General merchandise stores 647 Five and ten cent stores 656 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe 657 Shoe stores 658 Furniture and house furnishing stores 659 Household appliance and radio stores 667 Motor vehicles and accessories retailing 668 Gasoline service stations 669 Drug stores 679 Eating and drinking places 686 Hardware and farm implement stores 687 Lumber and building material retailing 688 Liquor stores 689 Retail florists 696 Jewelry stores 697 Fuel and ice retailing 698 Miscellaneous retail stores 699 Not specified retail trade 716 Banking and credit agencies 726 Security and commodity brokerage and investment companies 736 Insurance 746 Real estate 806 Advertising 807 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 808 Miscellaneous business services 816 Auto repair services and garages 817 Miscellaneous repair services 826 Private households 836 Hotels and lodging places 846 Laundering, cleaning, and dyeing services 847 Dressmaking shops 848 Shoe repair shops 849 Miscellaneous personal services 856 Radio broadcasting and television 857 Theaters and motion pictures 858 Bowling alleys, and billiard and pool parlors 859 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 868 Medical and other health services, except hospi 869 Hospitals 879 Legal services 888 Educational services 896 Welfare and religious services 897 Nonprofit membership organizations 898 Engineering and architectural services 899 Miscellaneous professional and related services 906 Postal service 916 Federal public administration 926 State public administration 936 Local public administration This variable indicates recoded information about industry into the 1950 Census Bureau industrial classification system and thus enhances comparability of industry data across all years included in the IPUMS. IPUMS Industry <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><span class="em">33. Industry </span></p> <p><span class="em">a. For whom did he work?</span> If now on active duty in the Armed Forces, print "AF" and skip to question 36.</p> <div class="i1">_____ (Name of company, business, organization, or other employer)</div><p>"If he worked for company, business, or government agency, print the name of the company, not the name of his supervisor. If he worked for a person or a small business that has no company name, print the name of the person he worked for."</p> <p><span class="em">b. What kind of business or industry was this? </span> <br />Describe activity at location where employed.</p> <div class="i1">_____<br />(For example: Junior high school, retail supermarket, dairy farm, TV and radio service, auto assembly plant, road construction)</div><p>"Write two or more words to tell what the business, industry, or person named in 33a does. Write what it makes or what it sells or what service it gives. Some examples of acceptable answers are shown on the Census form and here."</p> <p><span class="em">Acceptable</span><div class="i1">Cattle ranch<br />Wholesale grocery store<br />Retail gas station<br />Metal furniture manufacturing</div><span class="em">Unacceptable </span><div class="i1">Ranch<br />Grocery store<br />Oil company<br />Furniture company</div><p>If a company does more than one thing (like make household electrical appliances and electric generators) describe only the <span class="em">major</span> activity at the place where he works. If, however, he works at a warehouse, repair shop, etc., that is part of and used only by a larger organization, give the major activity of the larger organization; for example, department store warehouse - report department store."</p> <p><span class="em">c. Is this mainly -</span> (Fill one circle)</p> <div class="i1">[] Manufacturing<br />[] Retail trade<br />[] Wholesale trade<br />[] Other (agriculture, construction, service, government, etc.)</div><p>"Mark <span class="em">Manufacturing</span> if the factory, plant, mill, etc. makes things, even if it also sells them. Mark <span class="em">Wholesale trade</span> if a business does not make things but buys them to sell to stores or other companies. Mark <span class="em">Retail trade</span> if the business mostly sells things (not services) to individuals. Mark <span class="em">Other</span> if the main purpose of the employer is <span class="em">not</span> making or selling things. Some examples of "Other" are services, such as those given by hotels, dry cleaners, repair shops, schools, and banks. Farming and building houses, bridges, roads, are also examples of "Other" kinds of businesses." United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the previous ten years; not armed forces, not new workers [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 017 Agricultural production 018 Agricultural services, except horticultural 019 Horticultural services 027 Forestry 028 Fisheries 029 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries--allocated 047 Metal mining 048 Coal mining 049 Crude petroleum and natural gas extractions 057 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel 058 Mining--allocated 067 General building contractors 068 General contractors, except building 069 Special trade contractors 077 Construction, n.s. 078 Construction--allocated 107 Logging 108 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 109 Miscellaneous wood products 118 Furniture and fixtures 119 Glass and glass products 127 Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 128 Structural clay products 137 Pottery and related products 138 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products 139 Blast furnaces, steel works, rolling and finishing mills 147 Other primary iron and steel industries 148 Primary aluminum industries 149 Other primary nonferrous industries 157 Cutlery, hand tools, and other hardware 158 Fabricated structural metal products. 159 Screw machine products 167 Metal stamping 168 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 169 Metal industries, n.s. 177 Engines and turbines 178 Farm machinery and equipment 179 Construction and material handling machines 187 Metalworking machinery 188 Office and accounting machines 189 Electronic computing equipment 197 Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c. 198 Machinery, n.s. 199 Household appliances 207 Radio, T.V., and communication equipment 208 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c. 209 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.s. 219 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 227 Aircraft and parts 228 Ship and boat building and repairing 229 Railroad locomotives and equipment 237 Mobile dwellings and campers 238 Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment 239 Scientific and controlling instruments 247 Optical and health services supplies 248 Photographic equipment and supplies 249 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devices 257 Professional equipment, n.s. 258 Ordnance 259 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 267 Manufacturing, durable goods--allocated 268 Meat products 269 Dairy products 278 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and sea foods 279 Grain-mill products 287 Bakery products 288 Confectionery and related products 289 Beverage industries 297 Miscellaneous food preparation and kindred products 298 Food industries, n.s. 299 Tobacco manufactures 307 Knitting mills 308 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool and knit goods 309 Floor coverings, except hard surface 317 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 318 Miscellaneous textile mill products 319 Apparel and accessories 327 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 328 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 329 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 337 Paperboard containers and boxes 338 Newspaper publishing and printing 339 Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers 347 Industrial chemicals 348 Plastics, synthetics and resins, except fibers 349 Synthetic fibers 357 Drugs and medicines 358 Soaps and cosmetics 359 Paints, varnishes, and related products 367 Agricultural chemicals 368 Miscellaneous chemicals 369 Chemicals and allied products, n.s. 377 Petroleum refining 378 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 379 Rubber products 387 Miscellaneous plastic products 388 Tanned, curried, and finished leather 389 Footwear, except rubber 397 Leather products, except footwear 398 Manufacturing industries, n.s. 399 Manufacturing, nondurable goods--allocated 407 Railroads and railway express service 408 Street railways and bus lines 409 Taxicab service 417 Trucking service 418 Warehousing and storage 419 Water transportation 427 Air transportation 428 Pipe lines, except natural gas 429 Services incidental to transportation 447 Radio broadcasting and television 448 Telephone (wire and radio) 449 Telegraph and miscellaneous communication services 467 Electric light and power 468 Electric-gas utilities 469 Gas and steam supply systems 477 Water supply 478 Sanitary services 479 Other and not specified utilities 499 Transportation, communications, and other public utilities--allocated 507 Motor vehicles and equipment 508 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 509 Dry goods and apparel 527 Food and related products 528 Farm products--raw materials 529 Electrical goods 537 Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies 538 Electrical and hardware products, n.s. 539 Machinery equipment and supplies 557 Metals and minerals, n.e.c. 558 Petroleum products 559 Scrap and waste materials 567 Alcoholic beverages 568 Paper and its products 569 Lumber and construction materials 587 Wholesalers, n.e.c. 588 Wholesale trade, n.s. 599 Wholesale trade--allocated 607 Lumber and building material retailing 608 Hardware and farm equipment stores 609 Department and mail order establishments 617 Limited price variety stores 618 Vending machine operators 619 Direct selling establishments 627 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores 628 Grocery stores 629 Dairy products stores 637 Retail bakeries 638 Food stores, n.e.c. 639 Motor vehicle dealers 647 Tire, battery, and accessory dealers 648 Gasoline service stations 649 Miscellaneous vehicle dealers 657 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe stores 658 Shoe stores 667 Furniture and home furnishings stores 668 Household appliances, TV, and radio stores 669 Eating and drinking places 677 Drug stores 678 Liquor stores 679 Farm and garden supply stores 687 Jewelry stores 688 Fuel and ice dealers 689 Retail florists 697 Miscellaneous retail stores 698 Retail trade, n.s. 699 Retail trade--allocated 707 Banking 708 Credit agencies 709 Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies 717 Insurance 718 Real estate, including real estate-insurance-law offices 719 Finance, insurance, and real estate--allocated 727 Advertising 728 Services to dwellings and other buildings 729 Commercial research, development, and testing labs 737 Employment and temporary help agencies 738 Business management and consulting services 739 Computer programming services 747 Detective and protective services 748 Business services, n.e.c. 749 Automobile services, except repair 757 Automobile repair and related services 758 Electrical repair shops 759 Miscellaneous repair services 767 Business and repair services--allocated 769 Private households 777 Hotels and motels 778 Lodging places, except hotels and motels 779 Laundering, cleaning, and other garment services 787 Beauty shops 788 Barber shops 789 Shoe repair shops 797 Dressmaking shops 798 Miscellaneous personal services 799 Personal services--allocated 807 Theaters and motion pictures 808 Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors 809 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 817 Entertainment and recreation services--allocated 828 Offices of physicians 829 Offices of dentists 837 Offices of chiropractors 838 Hospitals 839 Convalescent institutions 847 Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c. 848 Health services, n.e.c. 849 Legal services 857 Elementary and secondary schools 858 Colleges and universities 859 Libraries 867 Educational services, n.e.c. 868 Educational services, n.s. 869 Museums, art galleries, and zoos 877 Religious organizations 878 Welfare services 879 Residential welfare facilities 887 Nonprofit membership organizations 888 Engineering and architectural services 889 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 897 Miscellaneous professional and related services 899 Professional and related services--allocated 907 Postal service 917 Federal public administration 927 State public administration 937 Local public administration 947 Public administration--allocated 997 Unemployed persons, last worked 1959 or earlier This variable indicates the type of industry in which the person performed an occupation, which is recorded in the variables OCC (Occupation) and OCC1950 (Occupation, 1950 basis). IPUMS Class of worker <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A452">[All]<br /><span class="em">35. Was this person -</span> (Fill one circle)<br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Employee of private company, business, or individual, for wages, salary, or commissions<br />[] Federal government employee<br />[] State government employee<br />[] Local government employee (city, county, etc.)<br />[] Self-employed in own business, professional practice, or farm<br />[] Own business not incorporated<br />[] Own business incorporated<br />[] Working without pay in family business or farm</div><br /><br />"If he was an employee of a <span class="em">private</span> non-profit organization, mark the first circle. Mark <span class="em">Local government employee</span> for a teacher in a local public school."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who had worked within the past 10 years [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 Self-employed, not incorporated 2 Self-employed, incorporated 3 Wage/salary, private 4 Federal government employee 5 State government employee 6 Local government employee 7 Unpaid family worker This variable indicates whether respondents worked for their own enterprise(s) or for someone else as employees. Workers with multiple sources of employment were classified according to the work relationship in which they spent the most time during the reference day or week. IPUMS Weeks worked last year, intervalled <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A460 US70A454">[All]<br /><span class="em">39. a. Last year (1969), did this person work at all, even for a few days? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No - Skip to 41</div><br /><br /><span class="em">b. How many weeks did he work in 1969, either full-time or part-time? </span><br />Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military service.<br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 13 weeks or less<br />[] 14 to 26 weeks<br />[] 27 to 39 weeks<br />[] 40 to 47 weeks<br />[] 48 to 49 weeks<br />[] 50 to 52 weeks</div><br /><br />"Look at the instruction for question 29a to see what <span class="em">work</span> means. Count every week in which he did any work at all, even for a few hours."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+, worked last year [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 -13 weeks 2 14 -26 weeks 3 27 -39 weeks 4 40 -47 weeks 5 48 -49 weeks 6 50 -52 weeks This variable indicates the number of weeks that the respondent worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year in intervals (1-13 weeks, 14-26 weeks, and so on), instead of the precise number of weeks. IPUMS Hours worked last week, intervalled <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A456">[All]<br /><span class="em">b. How many hours did he work last week (at all jobs)? </span><br />Subtract any time off and add overtime or extra hours worked.<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 to 14 hours<br />[] 15 to 29 hours<br />[] 30 to 34 hours<br />[] 35 to 39 hours<br />[] 40 hours<br />[] 41 to 48 hours<br />[] 49 to 59 hours<br />[] 60 hours or more</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+, at work last week [discrepancies: type I: trace, type II: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 -14 hours 2 15 -29 hours 3 30 -34 hours 4 35 -39 hours 5 40 hours 6 41 -48 hours 7 49 -59 hours 8 60 hours This variable indicates the total number of hours the respondent was at work during the previous week given in intervals (1-14 hours, 15-29 hours, and so on), instead of as a precise number of hours. IPUMS Year last worked <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A458">[All]<br /><span class="em">32. When did he last work at all, even for a few days? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] In 1970<br />[] In 1969<br />[] In 1968<br />[] 1964 to 1967<br />[] 1960 to 1963<br />[] 1959 or earlier<br />Never worked</div><br /><br />"Look at the instruction for 29a to see what work means. Mark <span class="em">Never worked</span> if he: (1) never worked at any kind of job or business, either full or part-time, (2) never did any unpaid work in a family business or farm, <span class="em">and</span> (3) never served in the Armed Forces."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who did not work last week and reported; not in armed forces [discrepancies: type I: none, type II: 1.8%] NIU (not in universe) 1 Worked current year 2 Worked previous year 3 Worked 2 years prior 4 Worked 3 -6 years ago 5 Worked 7 -10 years ago 6 Worked more than 10 years ago 7 Never worked This variable indicates the year in which the respondent last worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker. (This includes military service, though current members of the armed forces were not to answer the question.) IPUMS Worked last year <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A460 US70A454">[All]<br /><span class="em">39. a. Last year (1969), did this person work at all, even for a few days? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No - Skip to 41</div><br /><br /><span class="em">b. How many weeks did he work in 1969, either full-time or part-time? </span><br />Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military service.<br /><br /><div class="i1">[] 13 weeks or less<br />[] 14 to 26 weeks<br />[] 27 to 39 weeks<br />[] 40 to 47 weeks<br />[] 48 to 49 weeks<br />[] 50 to 52 weeks</div><br /><br />"Look at the instruction for question 29a to see what <span class="em">work</span> means. Count every week in which he did any work at all, even for a few hours."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes This variable indicates whether the person had worked at all for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Total personal income <svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US70A035 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470">[All]<br /><span class="em">40. Earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A035 US70A463 US70A462"><span class="em">a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? </span>(Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A465" v="US70A462 US70A465"><span class="em">b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? </span>(Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A466" v="US70A466 US70A462"><span class="em">c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm?</span> (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a <span class="em">includes</span> "sick leave" pay. Part 40a <span class="em">excludes</span> military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an <span class="em">unincorporated</span> nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is <span class="em">incorporated</span>, his earnings should be included in part 40a."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a=" US70A467 US70A468" v="US70A467 US70A468 US70A462"><span class="em">41. Income other than earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill in parts a, b, and c.<br />(If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.) "Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c."<br /><br /><span class="em">a. How much did this person receive in 1969 from Social Security or Railroad Retirement? </span><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Social Security or Railroad Retirement -</span> include U.S. Government payments to retired persons, to dependents of deceased insured workers, or to disabled workers. Include "Medicare" premiums; exclude receipts."<br /><br /><span class="em">b. How much did he receive in 1969 from public assistance or welfare payments?</span><br />Include aid for dependent children, old age assistance, general assistance, aid to the blind or totally disabled. Exclude separate payments for hospital or other medical care.<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Public assistance or public welfare payments -</span> include amounts received from Federal, State, or local public programs. Exclude private welfare payments."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A470" v="US70A462 US70A470"><span class="em">c. How much did he receive in 1969 from all other sources? </span><br />Include interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pensions, and other regular payments.<br />(See instruction sheet.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Interest, dividends -</span> include amounts received or credited to your account.<br /><span class="em">Veterans' payments -</span> include money paid for service-connected disabilities, to survivors of deceased veterans, for education and on-the-job training subsistence allowances, and for 'refunds' on 'GI' insurance premiums.<br /><span class="em">Retirement pensions -</span> include amounts paid by former private employers and by unions, and amounts paid by Federal, State, county, or other governmental agencies.<br /><span class="em">Other regular payments -</span> include such periodic income as net rental income, unemployment insurance benefits, workmen's compensation, private welfare payments, alimony or child support, Armed Forces allotments, and regular contributions from persons who are not members of your household.<br /><span class="em">Exclude</span> receipts from the sale or personal property, capital gains, lump-sum insurance or inheritance payments, or pay 'in kind.'"<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each respondent's total pre-tax personal income or losses from all sources for the previous year. US70A062 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes-9900 = loss of 9900 or more. 50000 = 50000 or more. 999999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,900. Top codes:Topcode is $50,000. IPUMS Wage and salary income <svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US70A035 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470">[All]<br /><span class="em">40. Earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A035 US70A463 US70A462"><span class="em">a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? </span>(Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A465" v="US70A462 US70A465"><span class="em">b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? </span>(Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A466" v="US70A466 US70A462"><span class="em">c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm?</span> (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a <span class="em">includes</span> "sick leave" pay. Part 40a <span class="em">excludes</span> military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an <span class="em">unincorporated</span> nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is <span class="em">incorporated</span>, his earnings should be included in part 40a."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each respondent's total pre-tax wage and salary income--that is, money received as an employee--for the previous year. US70A463 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No income. 50000 = 50000+. 99999 = NIU. Top codes:Topcode is $50,000. IPUMS Poverty status United States 1970: Not group quarters [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each hosuehold's total income for the previous year as a percentage of the poverty thresholds established by the Social Security Administration in 1964 and subsequently revised in 1980, adjusted for inflation. This is a 3-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Non-farm business income <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US70A035 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470">[All]<br /><span class="em">40. Earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A035 US70A463 US70A462"><span class="em">a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? </span>(Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A465" v="US70A462 US70A465"><span class="em">b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? </span>(Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A466" v="US70A466 US70A462"><span class="em">c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm?</span> (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a <span class="em">includes</span> "sick leave" pay. Part 40a <span class="em">excludes</span> military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an <span class="em">unincorporated</span> nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is <span class="em">incorporated</span>, his earnings should be included in part 40a."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the respondent's net pre-income-tax non-farm business and/or professional practice income for the previous calendar year. This is the amount earned after subtracting business expenses from gross receipts. It includes any money earned working for one's own concern(s). It does not include non-cash benefits (such as the free consumption of one's own product or service), nor does it include any income earned as an employee, which is contained in INCWAGE. US70A465 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes-9900 = loss of 9900 or more. 50000 = 50000 or more. 999999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,900. Top codes:Topcode is $50,000. IPUMS Farm income <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US70A035 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470">[All]<br /><span class="em">40. Earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A035 US70A463 US70A462"><span class="em">a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? </span>(Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A465" v="US70A462 US70A465"><span class="em">b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? </span>(Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A466" v="US70A466 US70A462"><span class="em">c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm?</span> (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a <span class="em">includes</span> "sick leave" pay. Part 40a <span class="em">excludes</span> military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an <span class="em">unincorporated</span> nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is <span class="em">incorporated</span>, his earnings should be included in part 40a."<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the respondent's net pre-income-tax earnings as a tenant farmer, sharecropper, or operator of his/her own farm during the previous calendar year. This is the amount earned after subtracting farming expenses from gross receipts. Gross receipts include not only the value of farm products sold, but also those from government programs, renting out farm equipment, and the sale of any products from the farmland itself (such as gravel, sand, or wood). It excludes non-cash benefits (such as the free consumption of one's own farm products) and any income earned as an employee, which is contained in INCWAGE. US70A466 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes-9900 = loss of 9900 or more. 50000 = 50000+. 99999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,900. Top codes:Topcode is $50,000. IPUMS Social Security income <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US70A035 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470">[All]<br /><span class="em">40. Earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A035 US70A463 US70A462"><span class="em">a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? </span>(Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A465" v="US70A462 US70A465"><span class="em">b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? </span>(Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A466" v="US70A466 US70A462"><span class="em">c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm?</span> (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a <span class="em">includes</span> "sick leave" pay. Part 40a <span class="em">excludes</span> military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an <span class="em">unincorporated</span> nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is <span class="em">incorporated</span>, his earnings should be included in part 40a."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a=" US70A467 US70A468" v="US70A467 US70A468 US70A462"><span class="em">41. Income other than earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill in parts a, b, and c.<br />(If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.) "Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c."<br /><br /><span class="em">a. How much did this person receive in 1969 from Social Security or Railroad Retirement? </span><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Social Security or Railroad Retirement -</span> include U.S. Government payments to retired persons, to dependents of deceased insured workers, or to disabled workers. Include "Medicare" premiums; exclude receipts."<br /><br /><span class="em">b. How much did he receive in 1969 from public assistance or welfare payments?</span><br />Include aid for dependent children, old age assistance, general assistance, aid to the blind or totally disabled. Exclude separate payments for hospital or other medical care.<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Public assistance or public welfare payments -</span> include amounts received from Federal, State, or local public programs. Exclude private welfare payments."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A470" v="US70A462 US70A470"><span class="em">c. How much did he receive in 1969 from all other sources? </span><br />Include interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pensions, and other regular payments.<br />(See instruction sheet.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Interest, dividends -</span> include amounts received or credited to your account.<br /><span class="em">Veterans' payments -</span> include money paid for service-connected disabilities, to survivors of deceased veterans, for education and on-the-job training subsistence allowances, and for 'refunds' on 'GI' insurance premiums.<br /><span class="em">Retirement pensions -</span> include amounts paid by former private employers and by unions, and amounts paid by Federal, State, county, or other governmental agencies.<br /><span class="em">Other regular payments -</span> include such periodic income as net rental income, unemployment insurance benefits, workmen's compensation, private welfare payments, alimony or child support, Armed Forces allotments, and regular contributions from persons who are not members of your household.<br /><span class="em">Exclude</span> receipts from the sale or personal property, capital gains, lump-sum insurance or inheritance payments, or pay 'in kind.'"<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates how much pre-tax income (if any) the respondent received from Social Security pensions, survivors benefits, or permanent disability insurance, as well as U.S. government Railroad Retirement insurance payments, during the previous year. US70A467 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes9999 = NIU. IPUMS Welfare (public assistance) income <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US70A035 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470">[All]<br /><span class="em">40. Earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A035 US70A463 US70A462"><span class="em">a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? </span>(Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A465" v="US70A462 US70A465"><span class="em">b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? </span>(Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A466" v="US70A466 US70A462"><span class="em">c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm?</span> (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a <span class="em">includes</span> "sick leave" pay. Part 40a <span class="em">excludes</span> military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an <span class="em">unincorporated</span> nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is <span class="em">incorporated</span>, his earnings should be included in part 40a."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a=" US70A467 US70A468" v="US70A467 US70A468 US70A462"><span class="em">41. Income other than earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill in parts a, b, and c.<br />(If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.) "Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c."<br /><br /><span class="em">a. How much did this person receive in 1969 from Social Security or Railroad Retirement? </span><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Social Security or Railroad Retirement -</span> include U.S. Government payments to retired persons, to dependents of deceased insured workers, or to disabled workers. Include "Medicare" premiums; exclude receipts."<br /><br /><span class="em">b. How much did he receive in 1969 from public assistance or welfare payments?</span><br />Include aid for dependent children, old age assistance, general assistance, aid to the blind or totally disabled. Exclude separate payments for hospital or other medical care.<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Public assistance or public welfare payments -</span> include amounts received from Federal, State, or local public programs. Exclude private welfare payments."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A470" v="US70A462 US70A470"><span class="em">c. How much did he receive in 1969 from all other sources? </span><br />Include interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pensions, and other regular payments.<br />(See instruction sheet.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Interest, dividends -</span> include amounts received or credited to your account.<br /><span class="em">Veterans' payments -</span> include money paid for service-connected disabilities, to survivors of deceased veterans, for education and on-the-job training subsistence allowances, and for 'refunds' on 'GI' insurance premiums.<br /><span class="em">Retirement pensions -</span> include amounts paid by former private employers and by unions, and amounts paid by Federal, State, county, or other governmental agencies.<br /><span class="em">Other regular payments -</span> include such periodic income as net rental income, unemployment insurance benefits, workmen's compensation, private welfare payments, alimony or child support, Armed Forces allotments, and regular contributions from persons who are not members of your household.<br /><span class="em">Exclude</span> receipts from the sale or personal property, capital gains, lump-sum insurance or inheritance payments, or pay 'in kind.'"<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates how much pre-tax income (if any) the respondent received during the previous year from various public assistance programs commonly referred to as "welfare." Assistance from private charities was not included. US70A468 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes9999 = NIU. IPUMS Other income <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="US70A035 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470">[All]<br /><span class="em">40. Earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A035 US70A463 US70A462"><span class="em">a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? </span>(Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A465" v="US70A462 US70A465"><span class="em">b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? </span>(Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A466" v="US70A466 US70A462"><span class="em">c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm?</span> (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a <span class="em">includes</span> "sick leave" pay. Part 40a <span class="em">excludes</span> military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an <span class="em">unincorporated</span> nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is <span class="em">incorporated</span>, his earnings should be included in part 40a."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a=" US70A467 US70A468" v="US70A467 US70A468 US70A462"><span class="em">41. Income other than earnings in 1969 -</span> Fill in parts a, b, and c.<br />(If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.) "Enter the amount or fill the <span class="em">None</span> circle in a, b, and c."<br /><br /><span class="em">a. How much did this person receive in 1969 from Social Security or Railroad Retirement? </span><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Social Security or Railroad Retirement -</span> include U.S. Government payments to retired persons, to dependents of deceased insured workers, or to disabled workers. Include "Medicare" premiums; exclude receipts."<br /><br /><span class="em">b. How much did he receive in 1969 from public assistance or welfare payments?</span><br />Include aid for dependent children, old age assistance, general assistance, aid to the blind or totally disabled. Exclude separate payments for hospital or other medical care.<br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Public assistance or public welfare payments -</span> include amounts received from Federal, State, or local public programs. Exclude private welfare payments."<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="US70A470" v="US70A462 US70A470"><span class="em">c. How much did he receive in 1969 from all other sources? </span><br />Include interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pensions, and other regular payments.<br />(See instruction sheet.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">$ (Dollars only) _____.00<br /><br />or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />"<span class="em">Interest, dividends -</span> include amounts received or credited to your account.<br /><span class="em">Veterans' payments -</span> include money paid for service-connected disabilities, to survivors of deceased veterans, for education and on-the-job training subsistence allowances, and for 'refunds' on 'GI' insurance premiums.<br /><span class="em">Retirement pensions -</span> include amounts paid by former private employers and by unions, and amounts paid by Federal, State, county, or other governmental agencies.<br /><span class="em">Other regular payments -</span> include such periodic income as net rental income, unemployment insurance benefits, workmen's compensation, private welfare payments, alimony or child support, Armed Forces allotments, and regular contributions from persons who are not members of your household.<br /><span class="em">Exclude</span> receipts from the sale or personal property, capital gains, lump-sum insurance or inheritance payments, or pay 'in kind.'"<br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates how much of each respondent's total money income (or losses), as recorded in the IPUMS variable INCTOT, came from sources not included in the other IPUMS person-record income variables (INCWAGE, INCBUSFM, INCBUS, INCBUS00, INCFARM, INCSS, INCSUPP, INCWELFR, INCINVST, and INCRETIR). US70A470 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes-9900 = loss of 9900 or more. 50000 = 50000+. 99999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,900. Top codes:Topcode is $50,000. IPUMS Migration status, 5 years <svar a="all" v="US70A471 US70A472 US70A474">[15%]<br /><span class="em">19a. Did he live in this house on April 1, 1965?</span> If in college or Armed Forces in April 1965, report place of residence there.<br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1965 or later. (Skip to 20)<br />[] Yes, this house (Skip to 20)<br />[] No, different house</div><br /><br />"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he lived in this same house or apartment on April 1, 1965, even if he moved away and came back between then and now. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he lived in the same building but in a different apartment on April 1, 1965."<br /><br /><span class="em">b. [If No] Where did he live on April 1, 1965? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">(1) State, foreign country, U.S. possession, etc.</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><div class="i1">(2) County</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><div class="i1">(3) Inside the limits of a city, town, village, etc.?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><div class="i1">(4) If "Yes," name of city, town, village, etc.</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><br />"If he lived somewhere else on April 1, 1965, give the address of his usual residence at that time.<br /><div class="i1"> Part (2)<br /><br />For addresses in Louisiana, print the parish name.<br />For addresses in Alaska, print the borough name.<br />For addresses in independent cities, print the name of the city and word "city," for example "Baltimore city."<br /><br />Part (3)<br /><br /> Mark Yes if you know that the address is now inside the limits of a city, town, village, or other incorporated place, even if it was not inside the limits on April 1, 1965."</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 5+ who reported [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Same house 2 Place not reported 3 Moved within county 4 Moved within state, between counties 5 Moved between states 6 Abroad five years ago 7 Same state (migration status within state unknown) This variable indicates whether a person age 5+ had changed residence since a reference point 5 years ago. Specifically, individuals were asked if they had lived in the "same house" (non-movers) or a "different house" (movers) five years earlier. Those who had moved were to indicate the foreign country or the state, county, and place of their normal residence during the reference year. IPUMS State or country of residence 5 years ago <svar a="all" v="US70A471 US70A472 US70A474">[15%]<br /><span class="em">19a. Did he live in this house on April 1, 1965?</span> If in college or Armed Forces in April 1965, report place of residence there.<br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1965 or later. (Skip to 20)<br />[] Yes, this house (Skip to 20)<br />[] No, different house</div><br /><br />"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he lived in this same house or apartment on April 1, 1965, even if he moved away and came back between then and now. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he lived in the same building but in a different apartment on April 1, 1965."<br /><br /><span class="em">b. [If No] Where did he live on April 1, 1965? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">(1) State, foreign country, U.S. possession, etc.</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><div class="i1">(2) County</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><div class="i1">(3) Inside the limits of a city, town, village, etc.?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><div class="i1">(4) If "Yes," name of city, town, village, etc.</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><br />"If he lived somewhere else on April 1, 1965, give the address of his usual residence at that time.<br /><div class="i1"> Part (2)<br /><br />For addresses in Louisiana, print the parish name.<br />For addresses in Alaska, print the borough name.<br />For addresses in independent cities, print the name of the city and word "city," for example "Baltimore city."<br /><br />Part (3)<br /><br /> Mark Yes if you know that the address is now inside the limits of a city, town, village, or other incorporated place, even if it was not inside the limits on April 1, 1965."</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 5+ who lived in different state 5 years ago [discrepancies: type I: none, type II: 0.6%] 000 NIU (not in universe) 001 Alabama 002 Alaska 004 Arizona 005 Arkansas 006 California 008 Colorado 009 Connecticut 010 Delaware 011 District of Columbia 012 Florida 013 Georgia 015 Hawaii 016 Idaho 017 Illinois 018 Indiana 019 Iowa 020 Kansas 021 Kentucky 022 Louisiana 023 Maine 024 Maryland 025 Massachusetts 026 Michigan 027 Minnesota 028 Mississippi 029 Missouri 030 Montana 031 Nebraska 032 Nevada 033 New Hampshire 034 New Jersey 035 New Mexico 036 New York 037 North Carolina 038 North Dakota 039 Ohio 040 Oklahoma 041 Oregon 042 Pennsylvania 044 Rhode Island 045 South Carolina 046 South Dakota 047 Tennessee 048 Texas 049 Utah 050 Vermont 051 Virginia 053 Washington 054 West Virginia 055 Wisconsin 056 Wyoming 150 Canada 160 Atlantic Islands 200 Mexico 211 Belize/British Honduras 212 Costa Rica 213 El Salvador 214 Guatemala 215 Honduras 216 Nicaragua 217 Panama 250 Cuba 261 Dominican Republic 262 Haiti 263 Jamaica 264 British West Indies 266 Trinidad Tobago 267 Other West Indies 305 Argentina 310 Bolivia 315 Brazil 320 Chile 325 Colombia 330 Ecuador 345 Paraguay 350 Peru 360 Uruguay 365 Venezuela 390 South America, n.e.c. 400 Denmark 401 Finland 402 Iceland 404 Norway 405 Sweden 410 England 411 Scotland 412 Wales 414 Ireland 415 Northern Ireland 420 Belgium 421 France 423 Luxembourg 425 Netherlands 426 Switzerland 430 Albania 433 Greece 435 Italy 436 Portugal 437 Azores 438 Spain 450 Austria 451 Bulgaria 452 Czechoslovakia 453 Germany 454 Hungary 455 Poland 456 Romania 457 Yugoslavia 460 Estonia 461 Latvia 462 Lithuania 465 USSR 498 Ukraine 499 Europe, n.s. 500 China 501 Japan 502 Korea 515 Philippines 518 Vietnam 521 India 522 Iran 525 Pakistan 534 Israel/Palestine 535 Jordan 537 Lebanon 541 Syria 542 Turkey 548 Southwest Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 599 Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 610 Northern Africa 612 Egypt/United Arab Rep 670 Central Africa 690 Southern Africa 694 South Africa (Union of) 699 Africa, n.e.c. 701 Australia 702 New Zealand 710 Pacific Islands 715 US Pacific Trust Territories This variable indicates the U.S. state or the foreign country where the respondent was living 5 years ago. IPUMS Metropolitan status 5 years ago <svar a="all" v="US70A471 US70A472 US70A474">[15%]<br /><span class="em">19a. Did he live in this house on April 1, 1965?</span> If in college or Armed Forces in April 1965, report place of residence there.<br /><div class="i1">[] Born April 1965 or later. (Skip to 20)<br />[] Yes, this house (Skip to 20)<br />[] No, different house</div><br /><br />"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he lived in this same house or apartment on April 1, 1965, even if he moved away and came back between then and now. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he lived in the same building but in a different apartment on April 1, 1965."<br /><br /><span class="em">b. [If No] Where did he live on April 1, 1965? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">(1) State, foreign country, U.S. possession, etc.</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><div class="i1">(2) County</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><div class="i1">(3) Inside the limits of a city, town, village, etc.?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><div class="i1">(4) If "Yes," name of city, town, village, etc.</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><br />"If he lived somewhere else on April 1, 1965, give the address of his usual residence at that time.<br /><div class="i1"> Part (2)<br /><br />For addresses in Louisiana, print the parish name.<br />For addresses in Alaska, print the borough name.<br />For addresses in independent cities, print the name of the city and word "city," for example "Baltimore city."<br /><br />Part (3)<br /><br /> Mark Yes if you know that the address is now inside the limits of a city, town, village, or other incorporated place, even if it was not inside the limits on April 1, 1965."</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: Persons age 5+ who moved within the US [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not in a metro area 2 In a metro area, central city status unknown 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether the respondent lived in a metropolitan area five years ago. IPUMS Working 5 years ago <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><span class="em">37. In April 1965, was this person -</span> (Fill three circles)</p> <p><span class="em">a. Working at a job or business </span>(full or part-time)?</p> <div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><span class="em">b. In the Armed Forces? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><span class="em">c. Attending college?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether respondents were working five years earlier. IPUMS Armed forces 5 years ago <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><span class="em">37. In April 1965, was this person -</span> (Fill three circles)</p> <p><span class="em">a. Working at a job or business </span>(full or part-time)?</p> <div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><span class="em">b. In the Armed Forces? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><span class="em">c. Attending college?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Not reported This variable indicates whether respondents were in the armed forces five years earlier. IPUMS College 5 years ago <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><span class="em">37. In April 1965, was this person -</span> (Fill three circles)</p> <p><span class="em">a. Working at a job or business </span>(full or part-time)?</p> <div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><span class="em">b. In the Armed Forces? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><span class="em">c. Attending college?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Not reported This variable indicates whether respondents were attending college five years earlier. IPUMS Occupant moved into residence <svar a="all" v="US70A480">[15%]<br /><span class="em">18. When did this person move into this house (or apartment)?<br /></span> <div class="i1">Fill circle for date of <span class="em">last</span> move.</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1969 or 70<br />[] 1968<br />[] 1967<br />[] 1965 or 66<br />[] 1960 to 64<br />[] 1950 to 59<br />[] 1949 or earlier<br />[] Always lived in this house or apartment</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">"Mark the date for the last time he moved into this particular house or apartment."</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 1 This year or last year 2 2 years ago 3 3 4 4-6 5 7-10 6 11-20 7 21+ 8 Always lived here This variable indicates the number of years ago that each person moved into the dwelling unit (apartment, house, or mobile home). Persons who moved back into the same house or apartment where they lived previously were to report the year when they began the present occupancy. Persons who moved from one apartment to another in the same building were to report the year they moved into the present apartment. IPUMS Place of work metropolitan status <svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p>[15%] <br /><span class="em">c. Where did he work last week? </span></p> <p>If he worked in more than one place, print where he worked most last week. <br />If he travels about in his work or if the place does not have a numbered address, see instruction sheet.</p> <div class="i1">(1) Address (Number and street name)</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">(2) Name of city, town, village, etc.</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">(3) Inside the limits of this city, town, village, etc.?</div><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><div class="i1">(4) County</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">(5) State</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">(6) Zip Code</div><div class="i2">_____</div> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who worked last week [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 In central city Central Business District 2 In central city, not Central Business District 3 Not central city 4 Outside metropolitan area or abroad 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether respondents who worked last week worked primarily within a metropolitan area (codes 1-4), and, if so, whether they worked within a metropolitan central city (codes 1-3). A metropolitan area includes a large city (the "central city") and surrounding counties that are economically integrated with that city. IPUMS Place of work state, 1960 and 1970 <svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p>[15%] <br /><span class="em">c. Where did he work last week? </span></p> <p>If he worked in more than one place, print where he worked most last week. <br />If he travels about in his work or if the place does not have a numbered address, see instruction sheet.</p> <div class="i1">(1) Address (Number and street name)</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">(2) Name of city, town, village, etc.</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">(3) Inside the limits of this city, town, village, etc.?</div><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><div class="i1">(4) County</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">(5) State</div><div class="i2">_____</div><div class="i1">(6) Zip Code</div><div class="i2">_____</div> United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who worked last week [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Same state 2 Contiguous state 3 Noncontiguous state 9 Not reported or abroad This variable indicates whether respondents who worked at all last week worked primarily in 1) the state in which they lived, 2) a contiguous state, or 3) a non-contiguous state. IPUMS Veteran status <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><p>[15%] <br /><span class="em">26.</span> If this is a man -</p> <div class="i1"><span class="em">a. Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span></div><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><div class="i1">"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he was ever on active duty in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, no matter how short a time he served. Count only <span class="em">active</span> duty in National Guard or Reserves. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he had only civilian duty in the Armed Forces or merchant marine. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he was in the National Guard or Reserves, but was not called to active duty. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if his only military service in the Armed Forces of another country."</div><div class="i1"><span class="em">b. Was it during - </span>(Fill the circle for each period of service.)</div><div class="i2">[] Vietnam Conflict (Since Aug. 1964)<br />[] Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955)<br />[] World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div> United States 1970: Men age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No Service 2 Yes This variable indicates whether the respondent was a veteran or not. IPUMS Veteran, served during World War I era (April 1917 to November 1918) <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><p>[15%] <br /><span class="em">26.</span> If this is a man -</p> <div class="i1"><span class="em">a. Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span></div><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><div class="i1">"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he was ever on active duty in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, no matter how short a time he served. Count only <span class="em">active</span> duty in National Guard or Reserves. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he had only civilian duty in the Armed Forces or merchant marine. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he was in the National Guard or Reserves, but was not called to active duty. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if his only military service in the Armed Forces of another country."</div><div class="i1"><span class="em">b. Was it during - </span>(Fill the circle for each period of service.)</div><div class="i2">[] Vietnam Conflict (Since Aug. 1964)<br />[] Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955)<br />[] World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div> United States 1970: Men age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes, served this period This variable indicates whether the respondent was engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the World War I era (between April, 1917 and November, 1918). IPUMS Veteran, served during Vietnam era (August 1964 to April 1975 ) <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><p>[15%] <br /><span class="em">26.</span> If this is a man -</p> <div class="i1"><span class="em">a. Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span></div><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><div class="i1">"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he was ever on active duty in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, no matter how short a time he served. Count only <span class="em">active</span> duty in National Guard or Reserves. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he had only civilian duty in the Armed Forces or merchant marine. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he was in the National Guard or Reserves, but was not called to active duty. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if his only military service in the Armed Forces of another country."</div><div class="i1"><span class="em">b. Was it during - </span>(Fill the circle for each period of service.)</div><div class="i2">[] Vietnam Conflict (Since Aug. 1964)<br />[] Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955)<br />[] World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div> United States 1970: Men age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes, Vietnam-era veteran This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the Vietnam era (between August, 1964 and April, 1975). IPUMS Veteran, served during Korean conflict era (June 1950 to January 1955 ) <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><p>[15%] <br /><span class="em">26.</span> If this is a man -</p> <div class="i1"><span class="em">a. Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span></div><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><div class="i1">"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he was ever on active duty in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, no matter how short a time he served. Count only <span class="em">active</span> duty in National Guard or Reserves. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he had only civilian duty in the Armed Forces or merchant marine. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he was in the National Guard or Reserves, but was not called to active duty. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if his only military service in the Armed Forces of another country."</div><div class="i1"><span class="em">b. Was it during - </span>(Fill the circle for each period of service.)</div><div class="i2">[] Vietnam Conflict (Since Aug. 1964)<br />[] Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955)<br />[] World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div> United States 1970: Men age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes, served this period This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the Korean conflict era (between June, 1950 and January, 1955). IPUMS Veteran, served during World War II era (September 1940 to July 1947 ) <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><p>[15%] <br /><span class="em">26.</span> If this is a man -</p> <div class="i1"><span class="em">a. Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span></div><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><div class="i1">"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he was ever on active duty in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, no matter how short a time he served. Count only <span class="em">active</span> duty in National Guard or Reserves. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he had only civilian duty in the Armed Forces or merchant marine. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he was in the National Guard or Reserves, but was not called to active duty. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if his only military service in the Armed Forces of another country."</div><div class="i1"><span class="em">b. Was it during - </span>(Fill the circle for each period of service.)</div><div class="i2">[] Vietnam Conflict (Since Aug. 1964)<br />[] Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955)<br />[] World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div> United States 1970: Men age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes, served this period This variable indicates whether the respondent was engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the World War II era (between September, 1940 and July, 1947 for all samples except the 2003 ACS, which defines the World War II era as December, 1941 through December, 1946). IPUMS Veteran of other period <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><p>[15%] <br /><span class="em">26.</span> If this is a man -</p> <div class="i1"><span class="em">a. Has he ever served in the Army, Navy, or other Armed Forces of the United States? </span></div><div class="i2">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><div class="i1">"Mark <span class="em">Yes</span> if he was ever on active duty in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, no matter how short a time he served. Count only <span class="em">active</span> duty in National Guard or Reserves. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he had only civilian duty in the Armed Forces or merchant marine. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if he was in the National Guard or Reserves, but was not called to active duty. Mark <span class="em">No</span> if his only military service in the Armed Forces of another country."</div><div class="i1"><span class="em">b. Was it during - </span>(Fill the circle for each period of service.)</div><div class="i2">[] Vietnam Conflict (Since Aug. 1964)<br />[] Korean War (June 1950 to Jan. 1955)<br />[] World War II (Sept. 1940 to July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 to Nov. 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div> United States 1970: Men age 14+, not currently in armed forces [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes, served this period(s) This variable indicates whether the respondent was engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during periods of service not identified in other variables. IPUMS Means of transportation to work <span class="em">23. When was this person born? </span><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1956 - Please go on with questions 24 through 41.<br />[] Born April 1956 or later - Please omit questions 24 through 41 and go to the next page for the next person.</div><svar v="US70A444 US70A445 US70A456 US70A482 US70A483 US70A493 US70A458 US70A450 US70A451 US70A446 US70A447 US70A452 US70A476 US70A477 US70A478 US70A460 US70A454 US70A462 US70A463 US70A465 US70A466 US70A467 US70A468 US70A470"><span class="em">Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers. </span><br /></svar></p> <p>[All] <br /><svar a="all" v="US70A444 US70A445"><span class="em">29a. Did this person work at any time last week? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes - Fill this circle if this person did full- or part-time work. (Count part-time work such as a Saturday job, delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm; and active duty in the Armed Forces.<br /><br />[] No - Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. Skip to 30</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US70A493">[15%]<br /><span class="em">d. How did he get to work last week?</span> Fill one circle for chief means used on the last day he worked at the address given in 29c.<br /><br /><div class="i1">[] Driver, private auto<br />[] Taxicab<br />[] Passenger, private auto<br />[] Walked only<br />[] Bus or streetcar<br />[] Worked at home<br />[] Subway or elevated<br />[] Other means -- Specify</div><br /><div class="i2">_____</div><br /><br />After completing question 29d, skip to question 33.<br /></svar></p> <p>"Mark <span class="em">Worked at home </span>for a person who worked on a farm where he lives or in an office or shop in his home." United States 1970: Persons age 14+ who worked last week [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Driver 2 Passenger 3 Bus or streetcar 4 Subway or elevated 5 Railroad 6 Taxicab 7 Walked only 8 Other 9 Worked at home This variable indicates the respondent's primary means of transportation to work on the most recent day worked. IPUMS Quarter of birth <svar a="all" v="US70A495 US70A423">[All]<br /><span class="h3">Date of birth </span><br /><br /><span class="em">5. Month and year of birth and age last birthday</span><br /><div class="i1">Print</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">Month</div><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><div class="i2">Year</div><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><div class="i2">Age</div><br /><div class="i3">_____</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">"If the month or year of birth, or the age, is not known, give your best estimate."</div><br /><br /><span class="em">6. Month of birth<br /></span><div class="i1">Fill one circle</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] Jan. - Mar.<br />[] Apr. - June<br />[] July - Sept.<br />[] Oct. - Dec.</div><br /><br /><span class="em">7. Year of birth<br /></span><div class="i1">Fill one circle for first three numbers</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] 186-<br />[] 187-<br />[] 188-<br />[] 189-<br />[] 190-<br />[] 191-<br />[] 192-<br />[] 193-<br />[] 194-<br />[] 195-<br />[] 196-<br />[] 197-</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for last number</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">[] 0<br />[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6<br />[] 7<br />[] 8<br />[] 9</div><br /></svar> United States 1970: All persons 1 January-February-March 2 April-May-June 3 July-August-September 4 October-November-December This variable indicates the respondent's quarter of birth (January-March, April-June, July-September, October-December). IPUMS Flag for age United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for for age. IPUMS Flag for age United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a second data quality flag for age. IPUMS Flag for birthplace and nativity United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for birthplace. IPUMS Flag for wage, business, farm, and total income United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for wage income, business income, farm income and total income. IPUMS Flag for children ever born United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated, original entry failed edit This variable is a data quality flag for children ever born. IPUMS Flag for class of worker United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for class of worker. IPUMS Flag for social security, welfare (public assistance), other and total income United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for total income, social security income, welfare income, and other income. IPUMS Flag for father's birthplace and nativity United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for father's birthplace. IPUMS Flag for employment and labor force status United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for employment status. IPUMS Flag for educational attainment United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for educational attainment. IPUMS Flag for hours worked last week United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for hours worked-categorized. IPUMS Flag for non-farm business and total income United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for non-farm business income. IPUMS Flag for farm and total income United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for farm income. IPUMS Flag for other and total income United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for income from other sources. IPUMS Flag for social security and total income United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for social security income. IPUMS Flag for wage and salary and total income United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for wage and salary income. IPUMS Flag for welfare (public assistance) and total income United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for welfare/public assistance income. IPUMS Flag for industry United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for industry. IPUMS Flag for mother's birthplace and nativity United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for mother's birthplace. IPUMS Flag for place of work metropolitan status United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for place of work (exact). IPUMS Flag for marital status United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for marital status. IPUMS Flag for state or country of residence 5 years ago United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for state or country of residence 5 years ago. IPUMS Flag for migration status, 5 years United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for migration status (5 years). IPUMS Flag for substituted household United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated, Substituted This variable is a data quality flag for all variables in the person record. IPUMS Flag for occupant moved into residence United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for the when the person moved into the residence. IPUMS Flag for mother tongue United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for mother tongue. IPUMS Flag for occupation United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for occupation. IPUMS Flag for race United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for race. IPUMS Flag for relationship to household head/householder United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for relationship. IPUMS Flag for school attendance and public or private school United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for school attendance. IPUMS Flag for sex United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for sex. IPUMS Flag for means of transportation to work United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for means of transportation to work. IPUMS Flag for veteran status United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for veteran status. IPUMS Flag for weeks worked last year United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated, pre-edit This variable is a data quality flag for weeks worked last year. IPUMS Flag for worked last year United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for worked last year. IPUMS Flag for year last worked United States 1970: All persons Not allocated 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for year last worked. IPUMS