DDI_USA_1990_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS 1990 Census of Population and Housing IPUMS May 20, 2024 NADA Version 7.5 October 2024. NEW FEATURES. --Historical data from NAPP project now available from IPUMS-International. --Historical census data from Canada, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States for the period 1703 to 1911 are now available from IPUMS-International. The complete count and sample datasets were previously disseminated by the North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP). Where possible, the data have been integrated into existing IPUMS-International variable coding schema. Some new variables have been created that are available only for these pre-1960 datasets. NAPP data users should note that many NAPP variables are available from IPUMS-International by different names. For a complete list of NAPP variables that have been renamed in IPUMS-Interational, refer to the crosswalk. --Individual country shapefiles for the third-level administrative level of geography are now available for a few IPUMS samples. --New spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS now hosts the Census Mosaic data collection. Census Mosaic identifies, gathers, harmonizes, and distributes surviving historical census microdata from regions of Continental Europe where complete centralized records are not available. The Mosaic project was founded by a consortium of historical social scientists in Europe. Data can be downloaded as static files from the Census Mosaic website. Although the data are not yet integrated fully into IPUMS International, variables have been standardized and harmonized to be roughly compatible with IPUMS coding structures. NEW SAMPLES. --Full-count datasets for Great Britain 1851, 1861, 1871 (Scotland only), 1891, and 1901. --Full-count dataset for Sweden 1910. Denmark (1845, 1880, and 1885) --Labor force surveys from Spain and eight new labor force surveys from Italy added to the series. Newly added countries: Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, Laos, Lesotho, Mauritius, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Slovak Republic, Suriname, Togo, and Zimbabwe New samples for: Bolivia, Cambodia, Cambodia, Chile, Cuba, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt (1848 and 1868, historical samples), Fiji, Guinea, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lao PDR, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, United States, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe SUPPLEMENTAL DATA. Data from censuses from Benin and Lesotho that record individual fertility and/or mortality events were made available in IPUMS-International. These files can be downloaded and linked to data produced by the extract system. NEW VARIABLES. --IPUMS-International now provides harmonized and year-specific geography variables for all countries including 13 new samples from Dominican Republic, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palestine, Paraguay, Thailand, United Kingdom, and Uruguay. First-level and second-level year specific geography variables are also available for all countries. IPUMS provides corresponding, downloadable GIS boundary files for all harmonized and year specific geography variables. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography. The codes for the spatially harmonized previous-residence variables match the spatially harmonized place of current residence. More information is available here. --IPUMS International provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples; previously available country-specific migration variables at the first administrative level that were not fully harmonized spatially have been phased out. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for selected samples. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --Lower (third) level geography codes and GIS files have been added for Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Mali, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. Some geography codes and labels might have changed for these countries to accommodate the newer lower level geography. --Added more detailed 3-digit industry and occupation variables for China 2000. EDITED SAMPLES. --Revised full-count data for Great Britain 1881 --Revised full-count datasets for Sweden 1890 and 1900. The revision includes the following changes that improve comparability across Sweden datasets: --Revisions to certain ethnicity and work variables (and the underlying source data): ORIGIN, LABFORCE, OCCHISCO, OCRELATE, OCSTATUS. --Revisions to unharmonized source variables: SE1890A_HISCOSE, SE1890A_HISCRELSE, SE1890A_HISCSTATSE, SE1890A_OCCMULTISE, SE1900A_HISCOSE, SE1900A_HISCRELSE, SE1900A_HISCSTATSE, SE1900A_OCCMULTISE. --A new United States 1850 full-count dataset now matches the corresponding dataset distributed by the USA IPUMS data project. The source variable US1850A_0502 (HISTID) provides a linking key to match person records to the USA version of the data. The IPUMS International version of the data contains names, which the USA version cannot distribute. EDITED VARIABLES. An error affecting HHWT for South Africa 2007 was corrected. The existing values were adjusted by a factor of 0.01. AGEMARR was edited to add data for Hungary 1980 and 1990. Harmonized and year-specific geography variables for Brazil and Colombia have been edited to accommodate for the availability of refined municipal boundaries. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these two countries. Errors affecting BPLSE2 (formerly BPLPARSE) for Sweden 1890 and the underlying source variable were corrected. Several thousand cases were incorrectly coded as 258101000. These cases have been updated with the correct code: 258171000. Harmonized geography variables for Italy, Philippines, Rwanda, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. The codes for the source variable RW2002A_0419 were corrected to include 0 and 8 as possible responses, which were previously identified as 'unknown years' within primary education. Errors affecting EDUCFJ for Fiji 2006 were corrected. A problem with PERWT for Tanzania 2012 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. MOMLOC, POPLOC, and PARRULE were updated for the United States 2010 and 2015 samples to include additional information on subfamilies. Prior to this correction, persons above age 17 were not receiving links to their co-resident mothers and fathers. An error affecting codes for the URBAN variable in Egypt 1986 for Cairo, Alexandria, Port-Said, and Suez was corrected. An error in INCEARN affecting Venezuela 2001 was corrected. Earned income in the source variable VE2001A_0440 is interpreted as a monthly amount, thus adjustments previously applied to convert data from daily or weekly income were supressed. All the six Brazil samples in IPUMS International were replaced with higher density samples. An edited version of the Chile 2017 sample was introduced to correct an error in household breaks. Errors affecting codes for GEO1_ZA in South Africa 2011 and ENUTS1 in United Kingdom 1991 were corrected. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Fiji, and Nepal have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in PERWT affecting Nepal 2001 was corrected. Errors affecting a code in GQ for Brazil 2010 and Indonesia 2010 were corrected. Both census samples now identify 1-person units created by splitting a large household. An error in MARRNUM affecting Indonesia 1976 was corrected. Some codes for GEO1_EG2006 and GEO2_EG2006 were edited. Harmonized geography variables for Bolivia, Cuba, Guinea, Ireland, Morocco, Palestine, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in INCEARN affecting Brazil 1980 was corrected. An error in EDATTAIN affecting Ireland 1971 and 1981 was corrected. A small proportion of person records in Mexico 1960 were re-classified in MIGRATEP based on information about their current and previous residence. These were previously coded to 'different major administrative unit', even though their place of residence suggests that their last move was within the same major administrative unit. The second-level technician (higher) degrees for Spain 1991, 2001, and 2011 were re-classified into post-secondary technical education in EDATTAIN. An error affecting codes for SEX for Egypt 1848 and 1868 was corrected. The values for male and female had been reversed. A problem with HHWT and PERWT for Canada 2011 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mexico, Peru, Switzerland, Vietnam, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. Harmonized geography variables for Chile and Sierra Leone have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error affecting codes for COMPUTER for Senegal 2013 was corrected. An error affecting labels available in IND for Peru 1993 was corrected. An error affecting codes for persons previously residing abroad for MIG1_5_BO in Bolivia 2001 and 2012 was corrected. EDUCAR, EDATTAIN, and YRSCHOOL were adjusted in the Argentina samples to incorporate information on completion of education levels in the data harmonization. HHWT and PERWT were calibrated in Kenya 1979 to properly reflect the population distribution by province. In GQ (group quarters status), persons residing in hospitals of all types were reclassified to 'institutional group quarters' from 'other group quarters,' making their treatment consistent with GQTYPE. Errors affecting codes for BPLBJ2 in Benin 1979, 1992, and 2002 were corrected. Errors affecting codes for GEO2_BR1970 in Brazil 1970 were corrected. 1990 Census of Population and Housing - IPUMS Subset PHC United States 1990 (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) USA_1990_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS U.S. Census Bureau IPUMS (c) Copyright 1990, U.S. Census Bureau and Minnesota Population Center MetadataEditor U.S. Census Bureau Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] IPUMS International Version 7.5. The datasets contain selected variables from the original census microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database. Demographic Variables -- PERSON Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Work Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Disability Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Income Variables -- PERSON Migration: O-Z Variables -- PERSON Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Work Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Imputation Flags Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Imputation Flags Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Demographic Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Other Person Variables -- PERSON Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Income Variables -- PERSON Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON Disability Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Person Imputation Flags Variables -- PERSON Income Variables -- PERSON United States PUMAS (Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs) containing 100,000 or more residents Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] Face-to-face [f2f] IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record. U.S. Census Bureau USA1990_PHC-H-H.dat Household records 5527406 USA1990_PHC-P-H.dat Person records 12501046 Record type H Household P Person RECTYPE identifies the type of record for the case: household or person. NOTE: RECTYPE is an alphabetic (character string) variable with a value of 'H' for household records and 'P' for person records. RECTYPE will not appear as a variable in the default rectangular extracts produced by the data extract system. It is only available in hierarchical extracts, to distinguish between the two record types. IPUMS Country 032 Argentina 051 Armenia 040 Austria 050 Bangladesh 112 Belarus 204 Benin 068 Bolivia 072 Botswana 076 Brazil 854 Burkina Faso 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 124 Canada 152 Chile 156 China 170 Colombia 188 Costa Rica 192 Cuba 208 Denmark 214 Dominican Republic 218 Ecuador 818 Egypt 222 El Salvador 231 Ethiopia 242 Fiji 246 Finland 250 France 276 Germany 288 Ghana 300 Greece 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 332 Haiti 340 Honduras 348 Hungary 352 Iceland 356 India 360 Indonesia 364 Iran 368 Iraq 372 Ireland 376 Israel 380 Italy 384 Ivory Coast 388 Jamaica 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 417 Kyrgyz Republic 418 Laos 426 Lesotho 430 Liberia 454 Malawi 458 Malaysia 466 Mali 480 Mauritius 484 Mexico 496 Mongolia 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 104 Myanmar 524 Nepal 528 Netherlands 558 Nicaragua 566 Nigeria 578 Norway 586 Pakistan 275 Palestine 591 Panama 598 Papua New Guinea 600 Paraguay 604 Peru 608 Philippines 616 Poland 620 Portugal 630 Puerto Rico 642 Romania 643 Russia 646 Rwanda 662 Saint Lucia 686 Senegal 694 Sierra Leone 703 Slovak Republic 705 Slovenia 710 South Africa 728 South Sudan 724 Spain 729 Sudan 740 Suriname 752 Sweden 756 Switzerland 834 Tanzania 764 Thailand 768 Togo 780 Trinidad and Tobago 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 804 Ukraine 826 United Kingdom 840 United States 858 Uruguay 862 Venezuela 704 Vietnam 894 Zambia 716 Zimbabwe COUNTRY gives the country from which the sample was drawn. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year 1703 1703 1729 1729 1787 1787 1801 1801 1819 1819 1845 1845 1848 1848 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1860 1860 1861 1861 1865 1865 1868 1868 1870 1870 1871 1871 1875 1875 1880 1880 1881 1881 1885 1885 1890 1890 1891 1891 1900 1900 1901 1901 1910 1910 1911 1911 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1966 1966 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 YEAR gives the year in which the census or survey was taken. For samples that span years, the midpoint or first year of the interval is reported. IPUMS IPUMS sample identifier 032197001 Argentina 1970 032198001 Argentina 1980 032199101 Argentina 1991 032200101 Argentina 2001 032201001 Argentina 2010 051200101 Armenia 2001 051201101 Armenia 2011 040197101 Austria 1971 040198101 Austria 1981 040199101 Austria 1991 040200101 Austria 2001 040201101 Austria 2011 050199101 Bangladesh 1991 050200101 Bangladesh 2001 050201101 Bangladesh 2011 112199901 Belarus 1999 112200901 Belarus 2009 204197901 Benin 1979 204199201 Benin 1992 204200201 Benin 2002 204201301 Benin 2013 068197601 Bolivia 1976 068199201 Bolivia 1992 068200101 Bolivia 2001 068201201 Bolivia 2012 072198101 Botswana 1981 072199101 Botswana 1991 072200101 Botswana 2001 072201101 Botswana 2011 076196001 Brazil 1960 076197001 Brazil 1970 076198001 Brazil 1980 076199101 Brazil 1991 076200001 Brazil 2000 076201001 Brazil 2010 854198501 Burkina Faso 1985 854199601 Burkina Faso 1996 854200601 Burkina Faso 2006 116199801 Cambodia 1998 116200401 Cambodia 2004 116200801 Cambodia 2008 116201301 Cambodia 2013 116201901 Cambodia 2019 120197601 Cameroon 1976 120198701 Cameroon 1987 120200501 Cameroon 2005 124185201 Canada 1852 124187101 Canada 1871 124188101 Canada 1881 124189101 Canada 1891 124190101 Canada 1901 124191101 Canada 1911 124197101 Canada 1971 124198101 Canada 1981 124199101 Canada 1991 124200101 Canada 2001 124201101 Canada 2011 152196001 Chile 1960 152197001 Chile 1970 152198201 Chile 1982 152199201 Chile 1992 152200201 Chile 2002 152201701 Chile 2017 156198201 China 1982 156199001 China 1990 156200001 China 2000 170196401 Colombia 1964 170197301 Colombia 1973 170198501 Colombia 1985 170199301 Colombia 1993 170200501 Colombia 2005 188196301 Costa Rica 1963 188197301 Costa Rica 1973 188198401 Costa Rica 1984 188200001 Costa Rica 2000 188201101 Costa Rica 2011 192200201 Cuba 2002 192201201 Cuba 2012 208178701 Denmark 1787 208180101 Denmark 1801 208184501 Denmark 1845 208188001 Denmark 1880 208188501 Denmark 1885 214196001 Dominican Republic 1960 214197001 Dominican Republic 1970 214198101 Dominican Republic 1981 214200201 Dominican Republic 2002 214201001 Dominican Republic 2010 218196201 Ecuador 1962 218197401 Ecuador 1974 218198201 Ecuador 1982 218199001 Ecuador 1990 218200101 Ecuador 2001 218201001 Ecuador 2010 818184801 Egypt 1848 818186801 Egypt 1868 818198601 Egypt 1986 818199601 Egypt 1996 818200601 Egypt 2006 222199201 El Salvador 1992 222200701 El Salvador 2007 231198401 Ethiopia 1984 231199401 Ethiopia 1994 231200701 Ethiopia 2007 242196601 Fiji 1966 242197601 Fiji 1976 242198601 Fiji 1986 242199601 Fiji 1996 242200701 Fiji 2007 242201401 Fiji 2014 246201001 Finland 2010 250196201 France 1962 250196801 France 1968 250197501 France 1975 250198201 France 1982 250199001 France 1990 250199901 France 1999 250200601 France 2006 250201101 France 2011 276181901 Germany 1819 (Mecklenburg) 276197001 Germany 1970 (West) 276197101 Germany 1971 (East) 276198101 Germany 1981 (East) 276198701 Germany 1987 (West) 288198401 Ghana 1984 288200001 Ghana 2000 288201001 Ghana 2010 300197101 Greece 1971 300198101 Greece 1981 300199101 Greece 1991 300200101 Greece 2001 300201101 Greece 2011 320196401 Guatemala 1964 320197301 Guatemala 1973 320198101 Guatemala 1981 320199401 Guatemala 1994 320200201 Guatemala 2002 324198301 Guinea 1983 324199601 Guinea 1996 324201401 Guinea 2014 332197101 Haiti 1971 332198201 Haiti 1982 332200301 Haiti 2003 340196101 Honduras 1961 340197401 Honduras 1974 340198801 Honduras 1988 340200101 Honduras 2001 348197001 Hungary 1970 348198001 Hungary 1980 348199001 Hungary 1990 348200101 Hungary 2001 348201101 Hungary 2011 352170301 Iceland 1703 352172901 Iceland 1729 352180101 Iceland 1801 352190101 Iceland 1901 352191001 Iceland 1910 356198341 India 1983 356198741 India 1987 356199341 India 1993 356199941 India 1999 356200441 India 2004 356200941 India 2009 360197101 Indonesia 1971 360197601 Indonesia 1976 360198001 Indonesia 1980 360198501 Indonesia 1985 360199001 Indonesia 1990 360199501 Indonesia 1995 360200001 Indonesia 2000 360200501 Indonesia 2005 360201001 Indonesia 2010 364200601 Iran 2006 364201101 Iran 2011 368199701 Iraq 1997 372190101 Ireland 1901 372191101 Ireland 1911 372197101 Ireland 1971 372197901 Ireland 1979 372198101 Ireland 1981 372198601 Ireland 1986 372199101 Ireland 1991 372199601 Ireland 1996 372200201 Ireland 2002 372200601 Ireland 2006 372201101 Ireland 2011 372201601 Ireland 2016 376197201 Israel 1972 376198301 Israel 1983 376199501 Israel 1995 376200801 Israel 2008 380200101 Italy 2001 380201101 Italy 2011 380201121 Italy 2011 Q1 LFS 380201221 Italy 2012 Q1 LFS 380201321 Italy 2013 Q1 LFS 380201421 Italy 2014 Q1 LFS 380201521 Italy 2015 Q1 LFS 380201621 Italy 2016 Q1 LFS 380201721 Italy 2017 Q1 LFS 380201821 Italy 2018 Q1 LFS 380201921 Italy 2019 Q1 LFS 380202021 Italy 2020 Q1 LFS 384198801 Ivory Coast 1988 384199801 Ivory Coast 1998 388198201 Jamaica 1982 388199101 Jamaica 1991 388200101 Jamaica 2001 400200401 Jordan 2004 404196901 Kenya 1969 404197901 Kenya 1979 404198901 Kenya 1989 404199901 Kenya 1999 404200901 Kenya 2009 417199901 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 417200901 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 418199501 Laos 1995 418200501 Laos 2005 418201501 Laos 2015 426199601 Lesotho 1996 426200601 Lesotho 2006 430197401 Liberia 1974 430200801 Liberia 2008 454198701 Malawi 1987 454199801 Malawi 1998 454200801 Malawi 2008 458197001 Malaysia 1970 458198001 Malaysia 1980 458199101 Malaysia 1991 458200001 Malaysia 2000 466198701 Mali 1987 466199801 Mali 1998 466200901 Mali 2009 480199001 Mauritius 1990 480200001 Mauritius 2000 480201101 Mauritius 2011 484196001 Mexico 1960 484197001 Mexico 1970 484199001 Mexico 1990 484199501 Mexico 1995 484200001 Mexico 2000 484200501 Mexico 2005 484201001 Mexico 2010 484201501 Mexico 2015 484202001 Mexico 2020 484200521 Mexico 2005 Q1 LFS 484200522 Mexico 2005 Q2 LFS 484200523 Mexico 2005 Q3 LFS 484200524 Mexico 2005 Q4 LFS 484200621 Mexico 2006 Q1 LFS 484200622 Mexico 2006 Q2 LFS 484200623 Mexico 2006 Q3 LFS 484200624 Mexico 2006 Q4 LFS 484200721 Mexico 2007 Q1 LFS 484200722 Mexico 2007 Q2 LFS 484200723 Mexico 2007 Q3 LFS 484200724 Mexico 2007 Q4 LFS 484200821 Mexico 2008 Q1 LFS 484200822 Mexico 2008 Q2 LFS 484200823 Mexico 2008 Q3 LFS 484200824 Mexico 2008 Q4 LFS 484200921 Mexico 2009 Q1 LFS 484200922 Mexico 2009 Q2 LFS 484200923 Mexico 2009 Q3 LFS 484200924 Mexico 2009 Q4 LFS 484201021 Mexico 2010 Q1 LFS 484201022 Mexico 2010 Q2 LFS 484201023 Mexico 2010 Q3 LFS 484201024 Mexico 2010 Q4 LFS 484201121 Mexico 2011 Q1 LFS 484201122 Mexico 2011 Q2 LFS 484201123 Mexico 2011 Q3 LFS 484201124 Mexico 2011 Q4 LFS 484201221 Mexico 2012 Q1 LFS 484201222 Mexico 2012 Q2 LFS 484201223 Mexico 2012 Q3 LFS 484201224 Mexico 2012 Q4 LFS 484201321 Mexico 2013 Q1 LFS 484201322 Mexico 2013 Q2 LFS 484201323 Mexico 2013 Q3 LFS 484201324 Mexico 2013 Q4 LFS 484201421 Mexico 2014 Q1 LFS 484201422 Mexico 2014 Q2 LFS 484201423 Mexico 2014 Q3 LFS 484201424 Mexico 2014 Q4 LFS 484201521 Mexico 2015 Q1 LFS 484201522 Mexico 2015 Q2 LFS 484201523 Mexico 2015 Q3 LFS 484201524 Mexico 2015 Q4 LFS 484201621 Mexico 2016 Q1 LFS 484201622 Mexico 2016 Q2 LFS 484201623 Mexico 2016 Q3 LFS 484201624 Mexico 2016 Q4 LFS 484201721 Mexico 2017 Q1 LFS 484201722 Mexico 2017 Q2 LFS 484201723 Mexico 2017 Q3 LFS 484201724 Mexico 2017 Q4 LFS 484201821 Mexico 2018 Q1 LFS 484201822 Mexico 2018 Q2 LFS 484201823 Mexico 2018 Q3 LFS 484201824 Mexico 2018 Q4 LFS 484201921 Mexico 2019 Q1 LFS 484201922 Mexico 2019 Q2 LFS 484201923 Mexico 2019 Q3 LFS 484201924 Mexico 2019 Q4 LFS 484202021 Mexico 2020 Q1 LFS 484202023 Mexico 2020 Q3 LFS 496198901 Mongolia 1989 496200001 Mongolia 2000 504198201 Morocco 1982 504199401 Morocco 1994 504200401 Morocco 2004 504201401 Morocco 2014 508199701 Mozambique 1997 508200701 Mozambique 2007 104201401 Myanmar 2014 524200101 Nepal 2001 524201101 Nepal 2011 528196001 Netherlands 1960 528197101 Netherlands 1971 528200101 Netherlands 2001 528201101 Netherlands 2011 558197101 Nicaragua 1971 558199501 Nicaragua 1995 558200501 Nicaragua 2005 566200621 Nigeria 2006 566200721 Nigeria 2007 566200821 Nigeria 2008 566200921 Nigeria 2009 566201021 Nigeria 2010 578180101 Norway 1801 578186501 Norway 1865 578187501 Norway 1875 578190001 Norway 1900 578191001 Norway 1910 586197301 Pakistan 1973 586198101 Pakistan 1981 586199801 Pakistan 1998 275199701 Palestine 1997 275200701 Palestine 2007 275201701 Palestine 2017 591196001 Panama 1960 591197001 Panama 1970 591198001 Panama 1980 591199001 Panama 1990 591200001 Panama 2000 591201001 Panama 2010 598198001 Papua New Guinea 1980 598199001 Papua New Guinea 1990 598200001 Papua New Guinea 2000 600196201 Paraguay 1962 600197201 Paraguay 1972 600198201 Paraguay 1982 600199201 Paraguay 1992 600200201 Paraguay 2002 604199301 Peru 1993 604200701 Peru 2007 604201701 Peru 2017 608199001 Philippines 1990 608199501 Philippines 1995 608200001 Philippines 2000 608201001 Philippines 2010 616197801 Poland 1978 616198801 Poland 1988 616200201 Poland 2002 616201101 Poland 2011 620198101 Portugal 1981 620199101 Portugal 1991 620200101 Portugal 2001 620201101 Portugal 2011 630197001 Puerto Rico 1970 630198001 Puerto Rico 1980 630199001 Puerto Rico 1990 630200001 Puerto Rico 2000 630200501 Puerto Rico 2005 630201001 Puerto Rico 2010 630201501 Puerto Rico 2015 630202001 Puerto Rico 2020 642197701 Romania 1977 642199201 Romania 1992 642200201 Romania 2002 642201101 Romania 2011 643200201 Russia 2002 643201001 Russia 2010 646199101 Rwanda 1991 646200201 Rwanda 2002 646201201 Rwanda 2012 662198001 Saint Lucia 1980 662199101 Saint Lucia 1991 686198801 Senegal 1988 686200201 Senegal 2002 686201301 Senegal 2013 694200401 Sierra Leone 2004 694201501 Sierra Leone 2015 703199101 Slovak Republic 1991 703200101 Slovak Republic 2001 703201101 Slovak Republic 2011 705200201 Slovenia 2002 710199601 South Africa 1996 710200101 South Africa 2001 710200701 South Africa 2007 710201101 South Africa 2011 710201601 South Africa 2016 728200801 South Sudan 2008 724198101 Spain 1981 724199101 Spain 1991 724200101 Spain 2001 724201101 Spain 2011 724200521 Spain 2005 Q1 LFS 724200522 Spain 2005 Q2 LFS 724200523 Spain 2005 Q3 LFS 724200524 Spain 2005 Q4 LFS 724200621 Spain 2006 Q1 LFS 724200622 Spain 2006 Q2 LFS 724200623 Spain 2006 Q3 LFS 724200624 Spain 2006 Q4 LFS 724200721 Spain 2007 Q1 LFS 724200722 Spain 2007 Q2 LFS 724200723 Spain 2007 Q3 LFS 724200724 Spain 2007 Q4 LFS 724200821 Spain 2008 Q1 LFS 724200822 Spain 2008 Q2 LFS 724200823 Spain 2008 Q3 LFS 724200824 Spain 2008 Q4 LFS 724200921 Spain 2009 Q1 LFS 724200922 Spain 2009 Q2 LFS 724200923 Spain 2009 Q3 LFS 724200924 Spain 2009 Q4 LFS 724201021 Spain 2010 Q1 LFS 724201022 Spain 2010 Q2 LFS 724201023 Spain 2010 Q3 LFS 724201024 Spain 2010 Q4 LFS 724201121 Spain 2011 Q1 LFS 724201122 Spain 2011 Q2 LFS 724201123 Spain 2011 Q3 LFS 724201124 Spain 2011 Q4 LFS 724201221 Spain 2012 Q1 LFS 724201222 Spain 2012 Q2 LFS 724201223 Spain 2012 Q3 LFS 724201224 Spain 2012 Q4 LFS 724201321 Spain 2013 Q1 LFS 724201322 Spain 2013 Q2 LFS 724201323 Spain 2013 Q3 LFS 724201324 Spain 2013 Q4 LFS 724201421 Spain 2014 Q1 LFS 724201422 Spain 2014 Q2 LFS 724201423 Spain 2014 Q3 LFS 724201424 Spain 2014 Q4 LFS 724201521 Spain 2015 Q1 LFS 724201522 Spain 2015 Q2 LFS 724201523 Spain 2015 Q3 LFS 724201524 Spain 2015 Q4 LFS 724201621 Spain 2016 Q1 LFS 724201622 Spain 2016 Q2 LFS 724201623 Spain 2016 Q3 LFS 724201624 Spain 2016 Q4 LFS 724201721 Spain 2017 Q1 LFS 724201722 Spain 2017 Q2 LFS 724201723 Spain 2017 Q3 LFS 724201724 Spain 2017 Q4 LFS 724201821 Spain 2018 Q1 LFS 724201822 Spain 2018 Q2 LFS 724201823 Spain 2018 Q3 LFS 724201824 Spain 2018 Q4 LFS 724201921 Spain 2019 Q1 LFS 724201922 Spain 2019 Q2 LFS 724201923 Spain 2019 Q3 LFS 724201924 Spain 2019 Q4 LFS 724202021 Spain 2020 Q1 LFS 724202022 Spain 2020 Q2 LFS 724202023 Spain 2020 Q3 LFS 724202024 Spain 2020 Q4 LFS 729200801 Sudan 2008 740200401 Suriname 2004 740201201 Suriname 2012 752188001 Sweden 1880 752189001 Sweden 1890 752190001 Sweden 1900 752191001 Sweden 1910 756197001 Switzerland 1970 756198001 Switzerland 1980 756199001 Switzerland 1990 756200001 Switzerland 2000 756201101 Switzerland 2011 834198801 Tanzania 1988 834200201 Tanzania 2002 834201201 Tanzania 2012 764197001 Thailand 1970 764198001 Thailand 1980 764199001 Thailand 1990 764200001 Thailand 2000 768196001 Togo 1960 768197001 Togo 1970 768201001 Togo 2010 780197001 Trinidad and Tobago 1970 780198001 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 780199001 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 780200001 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 780201101 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 792198501 Turkey 1985 792199001 Turkey 1990 792200001 Turkey 2000 800199101 Uganda 1991 800200201 Uganda 2002 800201401 Uganda 2014 804200101 Ukraine 2001 826185101 United Kingdom 1851 (England and Wales) 826185102 United Kingdom 1851 (Scotland) 826185103 United Kingdom 1851 (2% sample) 826186101 United Kingdom 1861 (England and Wales) 826186102 United Kingdom 1861 (Scotland) 826187101 United Kingdom 1871 (Scotland) 826188101 United Kingdom 1881 (England and Wales) 826188102 United Kingdom 1881 (Scotland) 826189101 United Kingdom 1891 (England and Wales) 826189102 United Kingdom 1891 (Scotland) 826190101 United Kingdom 1901 (England and Wales) 826190102 United Kingdom 1901 (Scotland) 826191101 United Kingdom 1911 (England and Wales) 826196101 United Kingdom 1961 826197101 United Kingdom 1971 826199101 United Kingdom 1991 826200101 United Kingdom 2001 840185001 United States 1850 (100%) 840185002 United States 1850 (1%) 840186001 United States 1860 (1%) 840187001 United States 1870 (1%) 840188001 United States 1880 (100%) 840188002 United States 1880 (10%) 840190001 United States 1900 (5%) 840191001 United States 1910 (1%) 840196001 United States 1960 840197001 United States 1970 840198001 United States 1980 840199001 United States 1990 840200001 United States 2000 840200501 United States 2005 840201001 United States 2010 840201501 United States 2015 840202001 United States 2020 858196301 Uruguay 1963 858196302 Uruguay 1963 (full count) 858197501 Uruguay 1975 858197502 Uruguay 1975 (full count) 858198501 Uruguay 1985 858198502 Uruguay 1985 (full count) 858199601 Uruguay 1996 858199602 Uruguay 1996 (full count) 858200621 Uruguay 2006 858201101 Uruguay 2011 858201102 Uruguay 2011 (full count) 862197101 Venezuela 1971 862198101 Venezuela 1981 862199001 Venezuela 1990 862200101 Venezuela 2001 704198901 Vietnam 1989 704199901 Vietnam 1999 704200901 Vietnam 2009 704201901 Vietnam 2019 894199001 Zambia 1990 894200001 Zambia 2000 894201001 Zambia 2010 716201201 Zimbabwe 2012 SAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 9-digit code. The code is structured as follows: The first 3 digits are the ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY The next 4 digits are the year of the census/survey The final 2 digits identify the sample within the year. For the last two digits, censuses or large census-like surveys have a value "0" (e.g, 01) in the second-to-last digit, household surveys have a value of "2" (e.g., 21), and employment surveys have a value of "4" (e.g., 41). IPUMS Household serial number SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) The combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS-International database; SAMPLE, SERIAL and PERNUM uniquely identify every person in the database. SERIAL can be used to identify dwellings in some samples. In these samples, the first 7 digits of SERIAL provide the dwelling number common to all households that were sampled from the same structure. The last three digits give the sequence of the household within the dwelling. The following is a list of samples in which dwellings can be inferred: Chile 1970, 1992, 2002Colombia 1993, 2005Costa Rica 1984, 2000Cuba 2002Dominican Republic 1981, 2002, 2010Ecuador 1990, 2001Germany 1971Hungary 1980, 1990, 2001Jamaica 1982, 1991, 2001Malaysia 1970, 1991, 2000Mexico 1995, 1990, 2000, 2005Nigeria 2006Panama 2000Peru 1993, 2007Portugal 1981, 1991, 2001Spain 1991Uruguay 2011Venezuela 1990, 2001Vietnam 1989In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. SERIAL was constructed for IPUMS-International, and has no relation to the serial number in the original datasets. The U.S. 1900 sample and 1880 10% sample have multi-household dwellings that can be identified using the last 3 digits of SERIAL. SERIAL is a 10-digit numeric variable. The last 3 digits of SERIAL indicate household number within dwelling for selected samples noted in the variable description. In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. IPUMS Number of person records in the household PERSONS indicates how many person records are included in the household (i.e., the number of person records associated with the household record in the sample). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons. PERSONS is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Household weight HHWT indicates the number of households in the population represented by the household in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), HHWT must be used to yield accurate household-level statistics. NOTE: HHWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. HHWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Subsample number 00 1st 1% subsample 01 2nd 1% subsample 02 3rd 1% subsample 03 4th 1% subsample 04 5th 1% subsample 05 6th 1% subsample 06 7th 1% subsample 07 8th 1% subsample 08 9th 1% subsample 09 10th 1% subsample 10 11th 1% subsample 11 12th 1% subsample 12 13th 1% subsample 13 14th 1% subsample 14 15th 1% subsample 15 16th 1% subsample 16 17th 1% subsample 17 18th 1% subsample 18 19th 1% subsample 19 20th 1% subsample 20 21st 1% subsample 21 22nd 1% subsample 22 23rd 1% subsample 23 24th 1% subsample 24 25th 1% subsample 25 26th 1% subsample 26 27th 1% subsample 27 28th 1% subsample 28 29th 1% subsample 29 30th 1% subsample 30 31st 1% subsample 31 32nd 1% subsample 32 33rd 1% subsample 33 34th 1% subsample 34 35th 1% subsample 35 36th 1% subsample 36 37th 1% subsample 37 38th 1% subsample 38 39th 1% subsample 39 40th 1% subsample 40 41st 1% subsample 41 42nd 1% subsample 42 43rd 1% subsample 43 44th 1% subsample 44 45th 1% subsample 45 46th 1% subsample 46 47th 1% subsample 47 48th 1% subsample 48 49th 1% subsample 49 50th 1% subsample 50 51st 1% subsample 51 52nd 1% subsample 52 53rd 1% subsample 53 54th 1% subsample 54 55th 1% subsample 55 56th 1% subsample 56 57th 1% subsample 57 58th 1% subsample 58 59th 1% subsample 59 60th 1% subsample 60 61st 1% subsample 61 62nd 1% subsample 62 63rd 1% subsample 63 64th 1% subsample 64 65th 1% subsample 65 66th 1% subsample 66 67th 1% subsample 67 68th 1% subsample 68 69th 1% subsample 69 70th 1% subsample 70 71st 1% subsample 71 72nd 1% subsample 72 73rd 1% subsample 73 74th 1% subsample 74 75th 1% subsample 75 76th 1% subsample 76 77th 1% subsample 77 78th 1% subsample 78 79th 1% subsample 79 80th 1% subsample 80 81st 1% subsample 81 82nd 1% subsample 82 83rd 1% subsample 83 84th 1% subsample 84 85th 1% subsample 85 86th 1% subsample 86 87th 1% subsample 87 88th 1% subsample 88 89th 1% subsample 89 90th 1% subsample 90 91st 1% subsample 91 92nd 1% subsample 92 93rd 1% subsample 93 94th 1% subsample 94 95th 1% subsample 95 96th 1% subsample 96 97th 1% subsample 97 98th 1% subsample 98 99th 1% subsample 99 100th 1% subsample SUBSAMP allocates each case to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. Each subsample is nationally representative and preserves any stratification of the sample from which it is drawn. Users who need a representative subset of a sample can use SUBSAMP to select their cases. For example, to randomly extract 10% of the cases from a sample, select any 10 of the 100 subsamples. IPUMS Group quarters (collective dwelling) status 00 Vacant 10 Households 20 Group quarters (collective), n.s. 21 Institutions 22 Other group quarters 29 1-person unit created by splitting large household 99 Unknown/group quarters not identified GQ identifies households as vacant dwellings, group quarters, or private households. Group quarters -- collective dwellings -- are generally institutions and other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and boarding schools. Institutions often retain persons under formal supervision or custody, such as correctional institutions, military barracks, asylums, or nursing homes. Educational and religious group dwellings (e.g., boarding schools, convents, monasteries, etc.) are also included in the institutional classification. Group quarter designations are often useful for understanding the universe of households that answered questions about household characteristics. Censuses will often exclude group quarters from such questions. IPUMS Group quarters type 100 Institutional 110 Prisons, reformatories, or correctional institutions 120 Hospital, nursing home, hospice, or instutions for persons with disabilities 121 Institutions for persons with disabilities 122 Sanatorium or mental institutions 130 Homes for the elderly or orphanage 131 Retirement home 132 Orphanage, children's home 140 Shelter for homeless, youth, or others 150 Military or police institution 160 Boarding school or student housing 170 Religious institution, monastery, seminary, or convent 199 Other institutional n.e.c. 200 Non-institutional 210 Camps (refugees, workers, or others) 220 Hotel, pension, lodging, or boarding house 230 Floating population 299 Other non-institutional n.e.c. 300 Other group quarters 399 1-person unit created by splitting large household 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) GQTYPE identifies the type of group quarters -- collective dwellings -- which are broadly classified into institutional and non-institutional types. Institutions are a place of residence where people are subject to a common authority or bound by a common objective or personal interest. The definition encompasses correctional facilities, health institutions, retirement homes, orphanages, shelters (social welfare institutions), military or police establishments, boarding schools, and religious group dwellings. Non-institutional group quarters comprise refugee and workers' camps (temporary accommodation), hotels, pensions, and all types of boarding or lodging houses. The "floating population" is included as a category within the non-institutional group quarters, when identified by the corresponding sample. This group refers to outdoor sleepers, homeless persons, travelers, and persons in ships, boats, or other mobile dwellings. A more general classification of households between private and group quarters is available in GQ. IPUMS Number of unrelated persons 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9+ UNREL indicates the number of persons in the household who are unrelated to the head as defined in the variable RELATE. IPUMS Urban-rural status 1 Rural 2 Urban 9 Unknown URBAN indicates whether the household was located in a place designated as urban or as rural. IPUMS Continent and region of country 11 Eastern Africa 12 Middle Africa 13 Northern Africa 14 Southern Africa 15 Western Africa 21 Caribbean 22 Central America 23 North America 24 South America 31 Central Asia 32 Eastern Asia 33 Southern Asia 34 South-Eastern Asia 35 Western Asia 41 Eastern Europe 42 Northern Europe 43 Southern Europe 44 Western Europe 51 Australia and New Zealand 52 Melanesia 53 Micronesia 54 Polynesia REGIONW identifies the continent and region of each country. IPUMS 1st subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV1 indicates the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. First administrative units in GEOLEV1 have been spatiotemporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV1 is a 6-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV1 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO1_BR. IPUMS Population density of GEOLEV1 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO1 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO1 is an 8-digit string variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. IPUMS Area of GEOLEV1 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO1 indicates the area in square kilometers of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO1 is a 10-digit string variable listing the area in square kilometers. IPUMS United States, State 1850 - 2020 [Level 1; consistent boundaries, GIS] 840001 Alabama 840002 Alaska 840004 Arizona 840005 Arkansas 840006 California 840008 Colorado 840009 Connecticut 840010 Delaware 840011 District of Columbia 840012 Florida 840013 Georgia 840015 Hawaii 840016 Idaho 840017 Illinois 840018 Indiana 840019 Iowa 840020 Kansas 840021 Kentucky 840022 Louisiana 840023 Maine 840024 Maryland 840025 Massachusetts 840026 Michigan 840027 Minnesota 840028 Mississippi 840029 Missouri 840030 Montana 840031 Nebraska 840032 Nevada 840033 New Hampshire 840034 New Jersey 840035 New Mexico 840036 New York 840037 North Carolina 840038 North Dakota 840039 Ohio 840040 Oklahoma 840041 Oregon 840042 Pennsylvania 840044 Rhode Island 840045 South Carolina 840046 South Dakota 840047 Tennessee 840048 Texas 840049 Utah 840050 Vermont 840051 Virginia 840053 Washington 840054 West Virginia 840055 Wisconsin 840056 Wyoming 840099 State unknown GEO1_US identifies the household's state within the United States in all sample years. States are the first level administrative units of the country. GEO1_US is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_US can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, State 1990 [Level 1, GIS] 001 Alabama 002 Alaska 004 Arizona 005 Arkansas 006 California 008 Colorado 009 Connecticut 010 Delaware 011 District of Columbia 012 Florida 013 Georgia 015 Hawaii 016 Idaho 017 Illinois 018 Indiana 019 Iowa 020 Kansas 021 Kentucky 022 Louisiana 023 Maine 024 Maryland 025 Massachusetts 026 Michigan 027 Minnesota 028 Mississippi 029 Missouri 030 Montana 031 Nebraska 032 Nevada 033 New Hampshire 034 New Jersey 035 New Mexico 036 New York 037 North Carolina 038 North Dakota 039 Ohio 040 Oklahoma 041 Oregon 042 Pennsylvania 044 Rhode Island 045 South Carolina 046 South Dakota 047 Tennessee 048 Texas 049 Utah 050 Vermont 051 Virginia 053 Washington 054 West Virginia 055 Wisconsin 056 Wyoming GEO1_ US1990 identifies the household's state within United States in 1990. States are the first level administrative units of the country. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_ US1990 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United State, Consistent PUMA 1980 - 2010 [Level 2; consistent boundaries, GIS] 840001001 1 840001002 2 840001003 3 840001004 4 840001005 5 840002540 540 840002541 541 840004006 6 840004007 7 840004008 8 840004009 9 840004010 10 840004011 11 840004012 12 840005013 13 840005014 14 840005015 15 840005016 16 840005017 17 840005018 18 840005019 19 840005020 20 840005021 21 840006022 22 840006023 23 840006024 24 840006025 25 840006026 26 840006027 27 840006028 28 840006029 29 840006030 30 840006031 31 840006032 32 840006033 33 840006034 34 840006035 35 840006036 36 840006037 37 840006038 38 840006039 39 840006040 40 840006041 41 840006042 42 840006043 43 840006044 44 840006045 45 840006046 46 840006047 47 840006048 48 840006049 49 840006050 50 840006051 51 840006052 52 840006053 53 840006543 543 840008054 54 840008055 55 840008056 56 840009057 57 840009058 58 840009059 59 840009060 60 840009061 61 840009062 62 840009063 63 840010064 64 840010065 65 840011066 66 840012067 67 840012068 68 840012069 69 840012070 70 840012071 71 840012072 72 840012073 73 840012074 74 840012075 75 840012076 76 840012077 77 840012078 78 840012079 79 840012080 80 840012081 81 840012082 82 840012083 83 840012084 84 840012085 85 840012086 86 840013087 87 840013088 88 840013089 89 840013090 90 840013091 91 840013092 92 840013093 93 840013094 94 840013095 95 840013096 96 840015542 542 840016097 97 840016098 98 840016099 99 840016100 100 840016101 101 840016102 102 840017103 103 840017104 104 840017105 105 840017106 106 840017107 107 840017108 108 840017109 109 840017110 110 840017111 111 840018112 112 840018113 113 840018114 114 840018115 115 840018116 116 840018117 117 840018118 118 840018119 119 840018120 120 840018121 121 840018122 122 840018123 123 840018124 124 840018125 125 840018126 126 840018127 127 840019128 128 840019129 129 840019130 130 840019131 131 840019132 132 840019133 133 840019134 134 840019135 135 840019136 136 840019137 137 840019138 138 840019139 139 840019140 140 840019141 141 840019142 142 840019143 143 840020144 144 840020145 145 840020146 146 840020147 147 840020148 148 840020149 149 840020150 150 840020151 151 840020152 152 840021153 153 840021154 154 840021155 155 840021156 156 840021157 157 840021158 158 840021159 159 840021160 160 840021161 161 840021162 162 840021163 163 840021164 164 840021165 165 840021166 166 840021167 167 840021168 168 840021169 169 840021170 170 840022171 171 840022172 172 840022173 173 840022174 174 840022175 175 840022176 176 840022177 177 840022178 178 840022179 179 840022180 180 840022181 181 840022182 182 840023183 183 840024184 184 840024185 185 840024186 186 840024187 187 840024188 188 840024189 189 840024190 190 840024191 191 840024192 192 840024193 193 840024194 194 840024195 195 840025196 196 840025197 197 840025198 198 840025199 199 840025200 200 840025201 201 840025202 202 840026203 203 840026204 204 840026205 205 840026206 206 840026207 207 840026208 208 840026209 209 840026210 210 840026211 211 840026212 212 840026213 213 840026214 214 840026215 215 840026216 216 840026217 217 840026218 218 840026219 219 840026220 220 840026221 221 840026222 222 840026223 223 840026224 224 840026225 225 840026226 226 840026227 227 840026228 228 840026229 229 840026230 230 840026231 231 840026232 232 840026233 233 840026234 234 840026235 235 840026236 236 840026237 237 840026238 238 840026239 239 840026240 240 840026241 241 840026242 242 840026243 243 840026244 244 840027245 245 840027246 246 840027247 247 840027248 248 840027249 249 840027250 250 840027251 251 840027252 252 840027253 253 840027254 254 840028255 255 840028256 256 840028257 257 840028258 258 840029259 259 840029260 260 840029261 261 840029262 262 840029263 263 840029264 264 840029265 265 840029266 266 840029267 267 840029268 268 840029269 269 840029270 270 840030271 271 840030272 272 840030273 273 840030274 274 840031275 275 840031276 276 840031277 277 840031278 278 840031279 279 840032280 280 840032281 281 840033282 282 840034283 283 840034284 284 840034285 285 840034286 286 840034287 287 840034288 288 840034289 289 840034290 290 840034291 291 840034292 292 840034293 293 840034294 294 840034295 295 840034296 296 840034297 297 840034298 298 840034299 299 840034300 300 840034301 301 840034302 302 840034303 303 840034304 304 840034305 305 840034306 306 840034307 307 840034308 308 840034309 309 840034310 310 840034311 311 840035312 312 840036313 313 840036314 314 840036315 315 840036316 316 840036317 317 840036318 318 840036319 319 840036320 320 840036321 321 840036322 322 840036323 323 840036324 324 840036325 325 840036326 326 840036327 327 840036328 328 840036329 329 840036330 330 840036331 331 840036332 332 840036333 333 840036334 334 840036335 335 840036336 336 840036337 337 840036338 338 840036339 339 840036340 340 840037341 341 840037342 342 840037343 343 840037344 344 840037345 345 840037346 346 840037347 347 840037348 348 840037349 349 840037350 350 840037351 351 840037352 352 840037353 353 840037354 354 840037355 355 840037356 356 840037357 357 840037358 358 840037359 359 840038360 360 840039361 361 840039362 362 840039363 363 840039364 364 840039365 365 840039366 366 840039367 367 840039368 368 840039369 369 840039370 370 840039371 371 840039372 372 840039373 373 840039374 374 840039375 375 840039376 376 840039377 377 840039378 378 840039379 379 840040380 380 840040381 381 840041382 382 840041383 383 840041384 384 840041385 385 840041386 386 840041387 387 840041388 388 840041389 389 840041390 390 840042391 391 840042392 392 840042393 393 840042394 394 840042395 395 840042396 396 840042397 397 840042398 398 840042399 399 840042400 400 840042401 401 840042402 402 840042403 403 840042404 404 840042405 405 840042406 406 840042407 407 840042408 408 840042409 409 840042410 410 840042411 411 840042412 412 840042413 413 840042414 414 840042415 415 840042416 416 840042417 417 840042418 418 840042419 419 840042420 420 840042421 421 840042422 422 840044423 423 840044424 424 840045425 425 840045426 426 840045427 427 840045428 428 840045429 429 840045430 430 840045431 431 840045432 432 840045433 433 840045434 434 840045435 435 840045436 436 840046437 437 840046438 438 840047439 439 840047440 440 840047441 441 840047442 442 840047443 443 840047444 444 840047445 445 840048446 446 840048447 447 840048448 448 840048449 449 840048450 450 840048451 451 840048452 452 840048453 453 840048454 454 840048455 455 840048456 456 840048457 457 840048458 458 840048459 459 840048460 460 840048461 461 840048462 462 840048463 463 840048464 464 840048465 465 840048466 466 840048467 467 840048468 468 840048469 469 840048470 470 840048471 471 840048472 472 840048473 473 840048474 474 840048475 475 840049476 476 840049477 477 840049478 478 840049479 479 840049480 480 840050481 481 840051482 482 840051483 483 840051484 484 840051485 485 840051486 486 840051487 487 840051488 488 840051489 489 840051490 490 840051491 491 840051492 492 840051493 493 840051494 494 840053495 495 840053496 496 840053497 497 840053498 498 840053499 499 840053500 500 840053501 501 840053502 502 840053503 503 840053504 504 840053505 505 840053506 506 840053507 507 840053508 508 840053509 509 840054510 510 840054511 511 840054512 512 840054513 513 840054514 514 840054515 515 840054516 516 840054517 517 840054518 518 840055519 519 840055520 520 840055521 521 840055522 522 840055523 523 840055524 524 840055525 525 840055526 526 840055527 527 840055528 528 840055529 529 840055530 530 840055531 531 840055532 532 840055533 533 840055534 534 840055535 535 840055536 536 840055537 537 840055538 538 840056539 539 GEO2ALT_US identifies the most detailed areas that can be consistently delineated from the geographic codes available in United States PUMS (Public Use Microdata Series) files from 1980 to 2010. In 1980 PUMS files, the smallest identified units are “county groups,” and in later PUMS files, the smallest identified units are Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs). All of these units nest within states, but the definitions of PUMAs differ from county groups, and the 1990 PUMAs differ from the 2000 PUMAs (which are used for 2000, 2005 and 2010 samples). GEO2ALT_US is spatially harmonized to account for these boundary changes. Each GEO2ALT_US code corresponds to a distinct set of 1980 county groups and 1990 and 2000 PUMAs that collectively cover a consistent geographic area across time. More details on construction of PUMAs can be found in IPUMS USA website. The following excel file lists GEO2ALT_US and their relationship to CONSPUMA. A separate variable, GEO2_US, identifies sets of 2000 and 2010 PUMAs that comprise comparable populations for samples from 2000 forward. GEO2_US corresponds with CPUMA0010 variable in IPUMS USA . Some detail is lost in harmonization; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2ALT_US can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The GIS boundary files for GEO2ALT_US are based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2000 TIGER/Line files. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, PUMA 1990 [Level 2, GIS] 0100100 0100100 0100200 0100200 0100300 0100300 0100400 0100400 0100500 0100500 0100600 0100600 0100700 0100700 0100800 0100800 0100900 0100900 0101000 0101000 0101100 0101100 0101200 0101200 0101300 0101300 0101400 0101400 0101500 0101500 0101600 0101600 0101700 0101700 0101801 0101801 0101802 0101802 0101803 0101803 0101804 0101804 0101805 0101805 0101806 0101806 0101900 0101900 0102000 0102000 0102100 0102100 0102200 0102200 0102300 0102300 0102400 0102400 0200101 0200101 0200102 0200102 0200200 0200200 0200300 0200300 0400101 0400101 0400102 0400102 0400103 0400103 0400104 0400104 0400105 0400105 0400106 0400106 0400107 0400107 0400108 0400108 0400109 0400109 0400110 0400110 0400111 0400111 0400112 0400112 0400113 0400113 0400114 0400114 0400115 0400115 0400116 0400116 0400201 0400201 0400202 0400202 0400203 0400203 0400204 0400204 0400205 0400205 0400300 0400300 0400400 0400400 0400500 0400500 0400600 0400600 0400700 0400700 0400800 0400800 0500100 0500100 0500200 0500200 0500300 0500300 0500400 0500400 0500500 0500500 0500600 0500600 0500700 0500700 0500800 0500800 0500900 0500900 0501000 0501000 0501100 0501100 0501200 0501200 0501300 0501300 0501400 0501400 0501500 0501500 0501600 0501600 0600100 0600100 0600200 0600200 0600300 0600300 0600400 0600400 0600500 0600500 0600600 0600600 0600700 0600700 0600800 0600800 0600900 0600900 0601000 0601000 0601100 0601100 0601200 0601200 0601300 0601300 0601401 0601401 0601402 0601402 0601501 0601501 0601502 0601502 0601601 0601601 0601602 0601602 0601603 0601603 0601700 0601700 0601801 0601801 0601802 0601802 0601803 0601803 0601804 0601804 0601805 0601805 0601901 0601901 0601902 0601902 0601903 0601903 0601904 0601904 0601905 0601905 0601906 0601906 0602000 0602000 0602101 0602101 0602102 0602102 0602103 0602103 0602104 0602104 0602105 0602105 0602106 0602106 0602107 0602107 0602108 0602108 0602109 0602109 0602201 0602201 0602202 0602202 0602203 0602203 0602204 0602204 0602205 0602205 0602206 0602206 0602301 0602301 0602302 0602302 0602303 0602303 0602304 0602304 0602400 0602400 0602500 0602500 0602600 0602600 0602700 0602700 0602801 0602801 0602802 0602802 0602803 0602803 0602901 0602901 0602902 0602902 0602903 0602903 0602904 0602904 0602905 0602905 0602906 0602906 0603000 0603000 0603100 0603100 0603201 0603201 0603202 0603202 0603301 0603301 0603302 0603302 0603303 0603303 0603304 0603304 0603305 0603305 0603306 0603306 0603307 0603307 0603308 0603308 0603309 0603309 0603310 0603310 0603311 0603311 0603312 0603312 0603313 0603313 0603401 0603401 0603402 0603402 0603403 0603403 0603404 0603404 0603405 0603405 0603406 0603406 0603407 0603407 0603408 0603408 0603409 0603409 0603410 0603410 0603411 0603411 0603500 0603500 0603600 0603600 0603700 0603700 0603800 0603800 0603901 0603901 0603902 0603902 0604000 0604000 0604100 0604100 0604200 0604200 0604300 0604300 0604400 0604400 0604500 0604500 0604600 0604600 0604700 0604700 0604801 0604801 0604802 0604802 0604803 0604803 0604804 0604804 0604805 0604805 0604806 0604806 0604807 0604807 0604808 0604808 0604900 0604900 0605001 0605001 0605002 0605002 0605101 0605101 0605102 0605102 0605200 0605200 0605300 0605300 0605400 0605400 0605500 0605500 0605600 0605600 0605700 0605700 0605800 0605800 0605900 0605900 0606000 0606000 0606100 0606100 0606200 0606200 0606300 0606300 0606401 0606401 0606402 0606402 0606403 0606403 0606404 0606404 0606405 0606405 0606406 0606406 0606407 0606407 0606408 0606408 0606409 0606409 0606410 0606410 0606411 0606411 0606412 0606412 0606413 0606413 0606414 0606414 0606415 0606415 0606416 0606416 0606417 0606417 0606418 0606418 0606419 0606419 0606420 0606420 0606421 0606421 0606422 0606422 0606423 0606423 0606424 0606424 0606501 0606501 0606502 0606502 0606503 0606503 0606504 0606504 0606505 0606505 0606506 0606506 0606507 0606507 0606508 0606508 0606509 0606509 0606510 0606510 0606511 0606511 0606512 0606512 0606513 0606513 0606514 0606514 0606515 0606515 0606516 0606516 0606517 0606517 0606518 0606518 0606519 0606519 0606520 0606520 0606521 0606521 0606600 0606600 0606701 0606701 0606702 0606702 0606703 0606703 0606704 0606704 0606705 0606705 0606800 0606800 0606901 0606901 0606902 0606902 0606903 0606903 0606904 0606904 0606905 0606905 0607000 0607000 0607100 0607100 0607201 0607201 0607202 0607202 0607203 0607203 0607204 0607204 0607205 0607205 0607206 0607206 0607207 0607207 0800101 0800101 0800102 0800102 0800103 0800103 0800104 0800104 0800201 0800201 0800202 0800202 0800301 0800301 0800302 0800302 0800400 0800400 0800500 0800500 0800601 0800601 0800602 0800602 0800701 0800701 0800702 0800702 0800800 0800800 0800900 0800900 0801000 0801000 0801100 0801100 0801200 0801200 0801300 0801300 0801400 0801400 0801500 0801500 0801600 0801600 0801700 0801700 0801800 0801800 0900100 0900100 0900200 0900200 0900300 0900300 0900400 0900400 0900500 0900500 0900600 0900600 0900700 0900700 0900800 0900800 0900900 0900900 0901000 0901000 0901100 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5400100 5400200 5400200 5400300 5400300 5400400 5400400 5400500 5400500 5400600 5400600 5400700 5400700 5400800 5400800 5400900 5400900 5500100 5500100 5500200 5500200 5500300 5500300 5500400 5500400 5500500 5500500 5500600 5500600 5500700 5500700 5500800 5500800 5500900 5500900 5501000 5501000 5501100 5501100 5501200 5501200 5501300 5501300 5501400 5501400 5501500 5501500 5501600 5501600 5501700 5501700 5501800 5501800 5501900 5501900 5502000 5502000 5502100 5502100 5502201 5502201 5502202 5502202 5502203 5502203 5502204 5502204 5502205 5502205 5502206 5502206 5502300 5502300 5502400 5502400 5600100 5600100 5600200 5600200 5600300 5600300 5600400 5600400 GEO2_US1990 identifies the household's PUMA (Public Use Microdata Area) within United States in 1990. PUMAs are the second level administrative units of the country for census purposes, after states. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2_US1990 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The GIS boundary files for GEO2_US1990 are based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2000 TIGER/Line files. The full set of geography variables for United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. More details on construction of PUMAs can be found in IPUMS USA website. The following excel file lists GEO2_US1990 and their relationship to CONSPUMA. IPUMS United States, Region 11 New England division 12 Middle Atlantic division 13 Northeast, n.s. 21 East North Central division 22 West North Central division 23 Midwest, n.s. 31 South Atlantic division 32 East South Central division 33 West South Central division 34 South, n.s. 41 Mountain division 42 Pacific division 43 West, n.s. 99 Region unknown REGNUS indicates the census region in the United States in which the household was enumerated. REGNUS is the largest-scale geographic identifier available in the U.S. samples. REGNUS is harmonized by name and does not account for boundary changes over time. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, Metropolitan area 000 Household not in an identifiable metropolitan area 004 Abilene, TX 008 Akron, OH 012 Albany, GA 016 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 020 Albuquerque, NM 022 Alexandria, LA 024 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA/NJ 028 Altoona, PA 032 Amarillo, TX 038 Anchorage, AK 040 Anderson, IN 044 Ann Arbor, MI 045 Anniston, AL 046 Appleton-Oskosh-Neenah, WI 048 Asheville, NC 050 Athens, GA 052 Atlanta, GA 056 Atlantic City, NJ 058 Auburn-Opelika, AL 060 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC 064 Austin, TX 068 Bakersfield, CA 072 Baltimore, MD 073 Bangor, ME 074 Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA 076 Baton Rouge, LA 078 Battle Creek, MI 084 Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange, TX 086 Bellingham, WA 087 Benton Harbor, MI 088 Billings, MT 092 Biloxi-Gulfport, MS 096 Binghamton, NY 100 Birmingham, AL 101 Bismarck, ND 102 Bloomington, IN 104 Bloomington-Normal, IL 108 Boise City, ID 112 Boston, MA 114 Bradenton, FL 115 Bremerton, WA 116 Bridgeport, CT 120 Brockton, MA 124 Brownsville - Harlingen-San Benito, TX 126 Bryan-College Station, TX 128 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 130 Burlington, NC 131 Burlington, VT 132 Canton, OH 135 Casper, WY 136 Cedar Rapids, IA 140 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL 144 Charleston-N.Charleston,SC 148 Charleston, WV 152 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, SC 154 Charlottesville, VA 156 Chattanooga, TN/GA 158 Cheyenne, WY 160 Chicago-Gary-Lake IL 162 Chico, CA 164 Cincinnati, OH/KY/IN 166 Clarksville- Hopkinsville, TN/KY 168 Cleveland, OH 172 Colorado Springs, CO 174 Columbia, MO 176 Columbia, SC 180 Columbus, GA/AL 184 Columbus, OH 188 Corpus Christi, TX 190 Cumberland, MD/WV 192 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 193 Danbury, CT 195 Danville, VA 196 Davenport, IA-Rock Island-Moline, IL 200 Dayton-Springfield, OH 202 Daytona Beach, FL 203 Decatur, AL 204 Decatur, IL 208 Denver-Boulder-Longmont, CO 212 Des Moines, IA 216 Detroit, MI 218 Dothan, AL 219 Dover, DE 220 Dubuque, IA 224 Duluth-Superior, MN/WI 228 Dutchess County, NY 229 Eau Claire, WI 231 El Paso, TX 232 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 233 Elmira, NY 234 Enid, OK 236 Erie, PA 240 Eugene-Springfield, OR 244 Evansville, IN/KY 252 Fargo-Moorhead, ND/MN 256 Fayetteville, NC 258 Fayetteville-Springdale, AR 260 Fitchburg-Leominster, MA 262 Flagstaff, AZ 264 Flint, MI 265 Florence, AL 266 Florence, SC 267 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO 268 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach, FL 270 Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL 271 Fort Pierce, FL 272 Fort Smith, AR/OK 275 Fort Walton Beach, FL 276 Fort Wayne, IN 284 Fresno, CA 288 Gadsden, AL 290 Gainesville, FL 292 Galveston-Texas City, TX 297 Glens Falls, NY 298 Goldsboro, NC 299 Grand Forks, ND/MN 300 Grand Rapids, MI 301 Grand Junction, CO 304 Great Falls, MT 306 Greeley, CO 308 Green Bay, WI 312 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC 315 Greenville, NC 316 Greenville-Spartenburg-Anderson, SC 318 Hagerstown, MD 320 Hamilton-Middleton, OH 324 Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA 328 Hartford-Bristol-Middletown-New Britian, CT 329 Hickory-Morgantown, NC 330 Hattiesburg, MS 332 Honolulu, HI 335 Houma-Thibodoux, LA 336 Houston-Brazoria, TX 340 Huntington-Ashland, WV/KY/OH 344 Huntsville, AL 348 Indianapolis, IN 350 Iowa City, IA 352 Jackson, MI 356 Jackson, MS 358 Jackson, TN 359 Jacksonville, FL 360 Jacksonville, NC 361 Jamestown-Dunkirk, NY 362 Janesville-Beloit, WI 366 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN/VA 368 Johnstown, PA 371 Joplin, MO 372 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 374 Kankakee, IL 376 Kansas City, MO-KS 380 Kenosha, WI 381 Killeen-Temple, TX 384 Knoxville, TN 385 Kokomo, IN 387 LaCrosse, WI 388 Lafayette, LA 392 Lafayette-W. Lafayette,IN 396 Lake Charles, LA 398 Lakeland-Winterhaven, FL 400 Lancaster, PA 404 Lansing-E. Lansing, MI 408 Laredo, TX 410 Las Cruces, NM 412 Las Vegas, NV 415 Lawrence, KS 420 Lawton, OK 424 Lewiston-Auburn, ME 428 Lexington-Fayette, KY 432 Lima, OH 436 Lincoln, NE 440 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR 441 Long Branch-Asbury Park, NJ 442 Longview-Marshall, TX 444 Lorain-Elyria, OH 448 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 452 Louisville, KY/IN 460 Lubbock, TX 464 Lynchburg, VA 468 Macon-Warner Robins, GA 472 Madison, WI 476 Manchester, NH 480 Mansfield, OH 488 McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr-Mission, TX 489 Medford, OR 490 Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa-Palm Bay, FL 492 Memphis, TN/AR/MS 494 Merced, CA 500 Miami-Hialeah, FL 504 Midland, TX 508 Milwaukee, WI 512 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 516 Mobile, AL 517 Modesto, CA 519 Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 520 Monroe, LA 524 Montgomery, AL 528 Muncie, IN 532 Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights, MI 533 Myrtle Beach, SC 534 Naples, FL 535 Nashua, NH 536 Nashville, TN 540 New Bedford, MA 546 New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville, NJ 548 New Haven-Meriden, CT 552 New London-Norwich, CT/RI 556 New Orleans, LA 560 New York-Northeastern NJ 564 Newark, OH 566 Newburgh-Middletown, NY 572 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA 576 Norwalk, CT 579 Ocala, FL 580 Odessa, TX 588 Oklahoma City, OK 591 Olympia, WA 592 Omaha, NE/IA 595 Orange County, NY 596 Orlando, FL 599 Owensboro, KY 601 Panama City, FL 602 Parkersburg-Marietta,WV/OH 603 Pascagoula-Moss Point, MS 608 Pensacola, FL 612 Peoria, IL 616 Philadelphia, PA/NJ 620 Phoenix, AZ 624 Pine Bluff, AR 628 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 632 Pittsfield, MA 640 Portland, ME 644 Portland-Vancouver, OR 645 Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, NH/ME 646 Poughkeepsie, NY 648 Providence-Fall River-Pawtuckett, MA 652 Provo-Orem, UT 656 Pueblo, CO 658 Punta Gorda, FL 660 Racine, WI 664 Raleigh-Durham, NC 666 Rapid City, SD 668 Reading, PA 669 Redding, CA 672 Reno, NV 674 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA 676 Richmond-Petersburg, VA 678 Riverside-San Bernadino,CA 680 Roanoke, VA 682 Rochester, MN 684 Rochester, NY 688 Rockford, IL 689 Rocky Mount, NC 692 Sacramento, CA 696 Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI 698 St. Cloud, MN 700 St. Joseph, MO 704 St. Louis, MO-IL 708 Salem, OR 712 Salinas-Sea Side-Monterey, CA 714 Salisbury-Concord, NC 716 Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 720 San Angelo, TX 724 San Antonio, TX 732 San Diego, CA 736 San Francisco-Oakland-Vallejo, CA 740 San Jose, CA 746 San Luis Obispo-Atascad-P Robles, CA 747 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA 748 Santa Cruz, CA 749 Santa Fe, NM 750 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA 751 Sarasota, FL 752 Savannah, GA 756 Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA 760 Seattle-Everett, WA 761 Sharon, PA 762 Sheboygan, WI 764 Sherman-Denison, TX 768 Shreveport, LA 772 Sioux City, IA/NE 776 Sioux Falls, SD 780 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN 784 Spokane, WA 788 Springfield, IL 792 Springfield, MO 800 Springfield-Holyoke-Chicopee, MA 804 Stamford, CT 805 State College, PA 808 Steubenville-Weirton,OH/WV 812 Stockton, CA 814 Sumter, SC 816 Syracuse, NY 820 Tacoma, WA 824 Tallahassee, FL 828 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 832 Terre Haute, IN 836 Texarkana, TX/AR 840 Toledo, OH/MI 844 Topeka, KS 848 Trenton, NJ 852 Tucson, AZ 856 Tulsa, OK 860 Tuscaloosa, AL 864 Tyler, TX 868 Utica-Rome, NY 873 Ventura-Oxnard-Simi Valley 875 Victoria, TX 876 Vineland-Milville-Bridgetown, NJ 878 Visalia-Tulare -Porterville, CA 880 Waco, TX 884 Washington, DC/MD/VA 888 Waterbury, CT 892 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 894 Wausau, WI 896 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton -Delray Beach, FL 900 Wheeling, WV/OH 904 Wichita, KS 908 Wichita Falls, TX 914 Williamsport, PA 916 Wilmington, DE/NJ/MD 920 Wilmington, NC 924 Worcester, MA 926 Yakima, WA 927 Yolo, CA 928 York, PA 932 Youngstown-Warren, OH-PA 934 Yuba City, CA 936 Yuma, AZ METROUS indicates the household's census metropolitan area in the United States from 1850 to present. METROUS is harmonized by name and does not account for boundary changes over time. Metropolitan areas are counties or combinations of counties centering on a substantial urban area. METROUS identifies the household's metropolitan area of enumeration if the household was located in a metropolitan area large enough to meet confidentiality requirements. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS United States, City 0000 NIU (not in identifiable city) 0010 Akron, OH 0050 Albany, NY 0070 Albuquerque, NM 0090 Alexandria, VA 0130 Allentown, PA 0190 Anaheim, CA 0210 Anchorage, AK 0270 Ann Arbor, MI 0275 Antioch, CA 0290 Arlington, TX 0310 Arlington, VA 0347 Athens-Clarke County, GA 0350 Atlanta, GA 0411 Augusta-Richmond County, GA 0450 Aurora, CO 0490 Austin, TX 0510 Bakersfield, CA 0530 Baltimore, MD 0590 Baton Rouge, LA 0670 Beaumont, TX 0680 Bellevue, WA 0742 Billings, MT 0770 Birmingham, AL 0800 Boise, ID 0810 Boston, MA 0830 Bridgeport, CT 0880 Brownsville, TX 0890 Buffalo, NY 0920 Burbank, CA 0930 Cambridge, MA 1000 Cape Coral, FL 1027 Chandler, AZ 1090 Charlotte, NC 1110 Chattanooga, TN 1150 Chesapeake, VA 1190 Chicago, IL 1250 Chula Vista, CA 1290 Cincinnati, OH 1330 Cleveland, OH 1374 Colorado Springs, CO 1410 Columbia, SC 1430 Columbus, GA 1450 Columbus, OH 1500 Corona, CA 1520 Corpus Christi, TX 1540 Costa Mesa, CA 1670 Dayton, OH 1710 Denver, CO 1730 Des Moines, IA 1750 Detroit, MI 1800 Downey, CA 1910 East Los Angeles, CA 1990 El Monte, CA 2010 El Paso, TX 2050 Elizabeth, NJ 2055 Elk Grove, CA 2090 Erie, PA 2110 Escondido, CA 2130 Eugene, OR 2170 Evansville, IN 2240 Fayetteville, NC 2260 Fontana, CA 2270 Flint, MI 2290 Fort Lauderdale, FL 2300 Fort Collins, CO 2330 Fort Wayne, IN 2350 Fort Worth, TX 2370 Fresno, CA 2390 Fullerton, CA 2430 Garden Grove, CA 2450 Garland, TX 2470 Gary, IN 2489 Glerndale, AZ 2490 Glendale, CA 2530 Grand Rapids, MI 2550 Green Bay, WI 2570 Greensboro, NC 2650 Hampton, VA 2710 Hartford, CT 2757 Henderson, NV 2770 Hialeah, FL 2830 Hollywood, FL 2870 Honolulu, HI 2890 Houston, TX 2930 Huntington Beach, CA 2950 Huntsville, AL 2970 Independence, MO 2990 Indianapolis, IN 3010 Inglewood, CA 3020 Irvine, CA 3030 Irving, TX 3090 Jackson, MS 3110 Jacksonville, FL 3150 Jersey City, NJ 3250 Kansas City, KS 3260 Kansas City, MO 3330 Knoxville, TN 3390 Lafayette, LA 3410 Lakewood, CO 3440 Lancaster, CA 3470 Lansing, MI 3480 Laredo,TX 3490 Las Vegas, NV 3512 Lawton, OK 3560 Lewisville, TX 3570 Lexington, KY 3630 Lincoln, NE 3650 Little Rock, AR 3670 Livonia, MI 3690 Long Beach, CA 3730 Los Angeles, CA 3750 Louisville, KY 3770 Lowell, MA 3870 Madison, WI 3910 Manchester, NH 3960 McAllen, TX 4010 Memphis, TN 4050 Mesa, AZ 4070 Mesquite, TX 4090 Metairie, LA 4110 Miami, FL 4130 Milwaukee, WI 4150 Minneapolis, MN 4170 Mobile, AL 4190 Modesto, CA 4250 Montgomery, AL 4270 Moreno Valley, CA 4410 Nashville-Davidson, TN 4530 New Haven, CT 4570 New Orleans, LA 4610 New York, NY 4630 Newark, NJ 4750 Newport News, VA 4810 Norfolk, VA 4820 North Las Vegas, NV 4860 Norwalk, CA 4930 Oakland, CA 4990 Oklahoma City, OK 5030 Ontario, CA 5040 Orange, CA 5070 Orlando, FL 5130 Oxnard, CA 5140 Palmdale, CA 5150 Pasadena, CA 5170 Pasadena, TX 5210 Paterson, NJ 5240 Pembroke Pines, FL 5269 Peoria, AZ 5270 Peoria, IL 5330 Philadelphia, PA 5350 Phoenix, AZ 5370 Pittsburgh, PA 5390 Pittsfield, MA 5450 Pomona, CA 5500 Port St. Lucie, FL 5530 Portland, OR 5590 Portsmouth, VA 5650 Providence, RI 5660 Provo, UT 5750 Raleigh, NC 5770 Rancho Cucamonga, CA 5810 Reno, NV 5870 Richmond, VA 5890 Riverside, CA 5910 Roanoke, VA 5930 Rochester, NY 5970 Rockford, IL 5995 Roseville, CA 6030 Sacramento, CA 6090 Saint Louis, MO 6110 Saint Paul, MN 6130 Saint Petersburg, FL 6170 Salem, OR 6190 Salinas, CA 6210 Salt Lake City, UT 6230 San Antonio, TX 6250 San Bernardino, CA 6260 San Buenaventura (Ventura), CA 6270 San Diego, CA 6290 San Francisco, CA 6310 San Jose, CA 6330 Santa Ana, CA 6340 Santa Clarita, CA 6350 Santa Rosa, CA 6370 Savannah, GA 6430 Seattle, WA 6490 Shreveport, LA 6500 Simi Valley, CA 6530 Sioux Falls, SD 6590 South Bend, IN 6630 Spokane, WA 6640 Spring Valley, NV 6650 Springfield, IL 6670 Springfield, MA 6690 Springfield, MO 6730 Stamford, CT 6750 Sterling Heights, MI 6790 Stockton, CA 6810 Sunnyvale, CA 6850 Syracuse, NY 6870 Tacoma, WA 6890 Tampa, FL 6930 Tempe, AZ 6960 Thousand Oaks, CA 6970 Toledo, OH 7000 Torrance, CA 7050 Tucson, AZ 7070 Tulsa, OK 7092 Vancouver, WA 7130 Virginia Beach, VA 7140 Visalia, CA 7190 Warren, OH 7231 Washington, DC 7250 Waterbury, CT 7320 West Covina, CA 7410 Wichita, KS 7530 Winston-Salem, NC 7570 Worcester, MA 7590 Yonkers, NY 7630 Youngstown, OH CITYUS indicates the household's city of residence for households located in identifiable cities in the United States from 1980 to present. For more information of CITYUS, refer to the CITY variable in IPUMS-USA. The full set of geography variables for the United States can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned 2 Not owned 9 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Owned 110 Owned, already paid 120 Owned, still paying 130 Owned, constructed 140 Owned, inherited 190 Owned, other 191 Owned, house 192 Owned, condominium 193 Apartment proprietor 194 Shared ownership 200 Not owned 210 Renting, not specified 211 Renting, government 212 Renting, local authority 213 Renting, parastatal 214 Renting, private 215 Renting, private company 216 Renting, individual 217 Renting, collective 218 Renting, joint state and individual 219 Renting, public subsidized 220 Renting, private subsidized 221 Renting, co-tenant 222 Renting, relative of tenant 223 Renting, cooperative 224 Renting, with a job or business 225 Renting, loan-backed habitation 226 Renting, mixed contract 227 Furnished dwelling 228 Sharecropping 230 Subletting 231 Rent to own 239 Renting, other 240 Occupied de facto/squatting 250 Free/usufruct (no cash rent) 251 Free, provided by employer 252 Free, without work or services 253 Free, provided by family or friend 254 Free, private 255 Free, public 256 Free, condemned 257 Free, other 260 Endowment, Waqf (Egypt historical) 290 Not owned, other 999 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Sewage 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Connected to sewage system or septic tank 11 Sewage system (public sewage disposal) 12 Septic tank (private sewage disposal) 20 Not connected to sewage disposal system 99 Unknown SEWAGE indicates whether the household has access to a sewage system or septic tank. IPUMS Fuel for heating 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 None 02 Electricity 03 Fuel oil, kerosene, other liquid fuels 04 Kerosene/paraffin 05 Diesel 06 Gas 07 Bottled gas, in tank, liquified 08 Solid fuel 09 Coal 10 Wood 11 Wood or coal 12 Solar 13 Animal dung 14 Charcoal 15 Biofuel 16 Other 17 Multiple sources 99 Unknown FUELHEAT indicates the main fuel source for heating the household. IPUMS Telephone availability NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing PHONE indicates the availability of a telephone in the dwelling. IPUMS Automobiles available No autos 1 1 auto 2 2 autos 3 3 autos 4 4 autos 5 5 autos 6 6+ autos 7 Have auto, number unspecified 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) AUTOS records whether a member of the household owned or had use of a vehicle and, in many samples, the number of such vehicles. IPUMS Number of rooms 00 Part of a room; no rooms 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) ROOMS indicates the number of rooms occupied by the housing unit. IPUMS Number of bedrooms 00 No bedrooms 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDROOMS indicates the number of rooms available to members of the household for sleeping. IPUMS Kitchen or cooking facilities 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No kitchen 11 Food is prepared in a non-kitchen room 13 Does not prepare food in the dwelling 20 Yes, have a kitchen 21 Kitchen located inside the dwelling 22 Indoor kitchen, exclusive use 23 Indoor kitchen, shared use 24 Exclusive use of kitchen (indoor/outdoor status not specified) 25 Shared use of kitchen with another household (indoor/outdoor status not specified) 26 Kitchen located outside the dwelling 27 Outdoor kitchen, exclusive use 28 Outdoor kitchen, shared use 99 Unknown/missing KITCHEN indicates whether the household had a kitchen, cooking facilities, or room dedicated to food preparation. IPUMS Age of structure, coded from intervals 000 Less than 1 year old 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200+ 997 Under construction 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) AGESTRUCT2 gives the estimated age of the structure. IPUMS Household classification 00 Vacant household 01 One-person household 02 Married/cohab couple, no children 03 Married/cohab couple with children 04 Single-parent family 05 Polygamous family 06 Extended family, relatives only 07 Composite household, family and non-relatives 08 Non-family household 09 Unclassified subfamily 10 Other relative or non-relative household 11 Group quarters 99 Unclassifiable HHTYPE is a constructed variable that describes the composition of households. HHTYPE is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head), from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father), and from information on group quarters status, GQ. IPUMS Number of families in household Vacant household 1 1 family 2 2 families 3 3 families 4 4 families 5 5 families 6 6 families 7 7 families 8 8 families 9 9 or more families NFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. Family membership is defined by FAMUNIT. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and a domestic employee contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multi-generation extended family with no persons unrelated to the head counts as a single family. NFAMS is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). See those variable descriptions for more detail. IPUMS Number of married couples in household No married couples in household 1 1 couple 2 2 couples 3 3 couples 4 4 couples 5 5 couples 6 6 couples 7 7 couples 8 8 couples 9 9 or more couples NCOUPLES is a constructed variable indicating the number of married/in-union couples within a household. NCOUPLES is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable SPLOC (spouse's location in the household). IPUMS Number of mothers in household No mothers in household 1 1 mother 2 2 mothers 3 3 mothers 4 4 mothers 5 5 mothers 6 6 mothers 7 7 mothers 8 8 mothers 9 9 or more mothers in household NMOTHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of mothers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NMOTHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable MOMLOC (mother's location in the household). IPUMS Number of fathers in household No fathers in household 1 1 father 2 2 fathers 3 3 fathers 4 4 fathers 5 5 fathers 6 6 fathers 7 7 fathers 8 8 fathers 9 9 or more fathers in household NFATHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of fathers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NFATHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable POPLOC (father's location in the household). IPUMS Head's location in household HEADLOC gives the person number (PERNUM) of the head of household in samples in which persons are organized into households. HEADLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Data set number United States 1990: All households 1 5% Census sample This variable indicates the particular sample from which the case is drawn in a given year. IPUMS Household serial number United States 1990: All households This variable indicates the unique identifying number assigned to each household record in a given sample. This is a 8-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Number of person records following United States 1990: All households 00 Vacant household 01 1 person record 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 This variable indicates the number of person records that are included in the sampled unit. IPUMS Subsample number United States 1990: All households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 Allocates each household to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. IPUMS Household weight United States 1990: All households This variable indicates how many households in the U.S. population are represented by a given household in the IPUMS. This is a 4-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Census region and division United States 1990: All households 11 New England Division 12 Middle Atlantic Division 21 East North Central Division 22 West North Central Division 31 South Atlantic Division 32 East South Central Division 33 West South Central Division 41 Mountain Division 42 Pacific Division This variable indicates the region and division where the dwelling was located. IPUMS State (ICPSR code) <svar a="all" v="US90A009 US90A010 US90A013 US90A016"><span class="em">1b. </span>If everyone is staying here only temporarily and usually lives somewhere else, list the name of each person on the numbered lines above, fill this circle ? O [brackets used in this document instead] and print their usual address below. Do not print the address listed on the front cover.<br /><br /><div class="i1">____ House number<br />____ Street or road/Rural route and box number<br />____ Apartment number<br />____ City<br />____ State<br />____ ZIP code<br />____ Country or foreign country<br />____ Names of nearest intersecting streets or roads</div><br /><br />[If everyone listed in questions 1a usually lives at another address(es), print the address(es) in 1b.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All households 01 Connecticut 02 Maine 03 Massachusetts 04 New Hampshire 05 Rhode Island 06 Vermont 11 Delaware 12 New Jersey 13 New York 14 Pennsylvania 21 Illinois 22 Indiana 23 Michigan 24 Ohio 25 Wisconsin 31 Iowa 32 Kansas 33 Minnesota 34 Missouri 35 Nebraska 36 North Dakota 37 South Dakota 40 Virginia 41 Alabama 42 Arkansas 43 Florida 44 Georgia 45 Louisiana 46 Mississippi 47 North Carolina 48 South Carolina 49 Texas 51 Kentucky 52 Maryland 53 Oklahoma 54 Tennessee 56 West Virginia 61 Arizona 62 Colorado 63 Idaho 64 Montana 65 Nevada 66 New Mexico 67 Utah 68 Wyoming 71 California 72 Oregon 73 Washington 81 Alaska 82 Hawaii 98 District of Columbia This variable indicates the state in which the housing unit was located, using the coding scheme developed by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. IPUMS State (FIPS code) <svar a="all" v="US90A009 US90A010 US90A013 US90A016"><span class="em">1b. </span>If everyone is staying here only temporarily and usually lives somewhere else, list the name of each person on the numbered lines above, fill this circle ? O [brackets used in this document instead] and print their usual address below. Do not print the address listed on the front cover.<br /><br /><div class="i1">____ House number<br />____ Street or road/Rural route and box number<br />____ Apartment number<br />____ City<br />____ State<br />____ ZIP code<br />____ Country or foreign country<br />____ Names of nearest intersecting streets or roads</div><br /><br />[If everyone listed in questions 1a usually lives at another address(es), print the address(es) in 1b.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All households 01 Alabama 02 Alaska 04 Arizona 05 Arkansas 06 California 08 Colorado 09 Connecticut 10 Delaware 11 District of Columbia 12 Florida 13 Georgia 15 Hawaii 16 Idaho 17 Illinois 18 Indiana 19 Iowa 20 Kansas 21 Kentucky 22 Louisiana 23 Maine 24 Maryland 25 Massachusetts 26 Michigan 27 Minnesota 28 Mississippi 29 Missouri 30 Montana 31 Nebraska 32 Nevada 33 New Hampshire 34 New Jersey 35 New Mexico 36 New York 37 North Carolina 38 North Dakota 39 Ohio 40 Oklahoma 41 Oregon 42 Pennsylvania 44 Rhode island 45 South Carolina 46 South Dakota 47 Tennessee 48 Texas 49 Utah 50 Vermont 51 Virginia 53 Washington 54 West Virginia 55 Wisconsin 56 Wyoming This variable indicates the state in which the household was located, using the Federal Information Processing Standards coding scheme. IPUMS Public Use Microdata Area United States 1990: All households This variable indicates the Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) where the dwelling was located. This is a 5-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Metropolitan area <svar a="all" v="US90A009 US90A010 US90A013 US90A016"><span class="em">1b. </span>If everyone is staying here only temporarily and usually lives somewhere else, list the name of each person on the numbered lines above, fill this circle ? O [brackets used in this document instead] and print their usual address below. Do not print the address listed on the front cover.<br /><br /><div class="i1">____ House number<br />____ Street or road/Rural route and box number<br />____ Apartment number<br />____ City<br />____ State<br />____ ZIP code<br />____ Country or foreign country<br />____ Names of nearest intersecting streets or roads</div><br /><br />[If everyone listed in questions 1a usually lives at another address(es), print the address(es) in 1b.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All households 0000 N/A or household does not reside in a metropolitan area 0040 Abilene, TX 0080 Akron, OH 0160 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 0200 Albuquerque, NM 0220 Alexandria, LA 0240 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA/NJ 0280 Altoona, PA 0320 Amarillo, TX 0380 Anchorage, AK 0400 Anderson, IN 0440 Ann Arbor, MI 0450 Anniston, AL 0460 Appleton-Oskosh-Neenah, WI 0480 Asheville, NC 0520 Atlanta, GA 0560 Atlantic City, NJ 0600 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC 0640 Austin, TX 0680 Bakersfield, CA 0720 Baltimore, MD 0760 Baton Rouge, LA 0780 Battle Creek, MI 0840 Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange, TX 0860 Bellingham, WA 0870 Benton Harbor, MI 0880 Billings, MT 0920 Biloxi-Gulfport, MS 0960 Binghamton, NY 1000 Birmingham, AL 1020 Bloomington, IN 1040 Bloomington-Normal, IL 1080 Boise City, ID 1120 Boston, MA 1121 Lawrence-Haverhill, MA/NH 1122 Lowell, MA/NH 1123 Salem-Gloucester, MA 1140 Bradenton, FL 1150 Bremerton, WA 1160 Bridgeport, CT 1200 Brockton, MA 1240 Brownsville - Harlingen-San Benito, TX 1260 Bryan-College Station, TX 1280 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 1281 Niagara Falls, NY 1300 Burlington, NC 1320 Canton, OH 1360 Cedar Rapids, IA 1400 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL 1440 Charleston-N.Charleston, SC 1520 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, SC 1560 Chattanooga, TN/GA 1600 Chicago-Gary-Lake IL 1601 Aurora-Elgin, IL 1602 Gary-Hammond-East Chicago, IN 1603 Joliet, IL 1604 Lake County, IL 1620 Chico, CA 1640 Cincinnati, OH/KY/IN 1660 Clarksville- Hopkinsville, TN/KY 1680 Cleveland, OH 1720 Colorado Springs, CO 1740 Columbia, MO 1760 Columbia, SC 1840 Columbus, OH 1880 Corpus Christi, TX 1920 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 1921 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 1930 Danbury, CT 1950 Danville, VA 1960 Davenport, IA-Rock Island-Moline, IL 2000 Dayton-Springfield, OH 2020 Daytona Beach, FL 2030 Decatur, AL 2040 Decatur, IL 2080 Denver-Boulder-Longmont, CO 2081 Boulder-Longmont, CO 2120 Des Moines, IA 2160 Detroit, MI 2240 Duluth-Superior, MN/WI 2290 Eau Claire, WI 2310 El Paso, TX 2320 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 2360 Erie, PA 2400 Eugene-Springfield, OR 2560 Fayetteville, NC 2580 Fayetteville-Springdale, AR 2640 Flint, MI 2650 Florence, AL 2660 Florence, SC 2670 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO 2680 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach, FL 2700 Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL 2710 Fort Pierce, FL 2760 Fort Wayne, IN 2840 Fresno, CA 2900 Gainesville, FL 2920 Galveston-Texas City, TX 3000 Grand Rapids, MI 3060 Greeley, CO 3080 Green Bay, WI 3120 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC 3160 Greenville-Spartenburg-Anderson, SC 3161 Anderson, SC 3180 Hagerstown, MD 3200 Hamilton-Middleton, OH 3240 Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA 3280 Hartford-Bristol-Middletown-New Britian, CT 3283 New Britain, CT 3290 Hickory-Morgantown, NC 3320 Honolulu, HI 3350 Houma-Thibodoux, LA 3360 Houston-Brazoria, TX 3361 Brazoria, TX 3400 Huntington-Ashland, WV/KY/OH 3480 Indianapolis, IN 3520 Jackson, MI 3560 Jackson, MS 3590 Jacksonville, FL 3600 Jacksonville, NC 3610 Jamestown-Dunkirk, NY 3620 Janesville-Beloit, WI 3660 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN/VA 3680 Johnstown, PA 3710 Joplin, MO 3720 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 3760 Kansas City, MO-KS 3800 Kenosha, WI 3810 Killeen-Temple, TX 3840 Knoxville, TN 3880 Lafayette, LA 3920 Lafayette-W. Lafayette, IN 3980 Lakeland-Winterhaven, FL 4000 Lancaster, PA 4040 Lansing-E. Lansing, MI 4100 Las Cruces, NM 4120 Las Vegas, NV 4280 Lexington-Fayette, KY 4320 Lima, OH 4360 Lincoln, NE 4400 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR 4420 Longview-Marshall, TX 4440 Lorain-Elyria, OH 4480 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 4481 Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, CA 4520 Louisville, KY/IN 4600 Lubbock, TX 4680 Macon-Warner Robins, GA 4720 Madison, WI 4760 Manchester, NH 4800 Mansfield, OH 4880 McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr-Mission, TX 4890 Medford, OR 4900 Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa-Palm Bay, FL 4920 Memphis, TN/AR/MS 4940 Merced, CA 5000 Miami-Hialeah, FL 5040 Midland, TX 5080 Milwaukee, WI 5120 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 5160 Mobile, AL 5170 Modesto, CA 5190 Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5200 Monroe, LA 5240 Montgomery, AL 5280 Muncie, IN 5350 Nashua, NH 5360 Nashville, TN 5400 New Bedford, MA 5480 New Haven-Meriden, CT 5520 New London-Norwich, CT/RI 5560 New Orleans, LA 5600 New York-Northeastern NJ 5601 Nassau Co., NY 5602 Bergen-Passaic, NJ 5603 Jersey City, NJ 5604 Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 5605 Newark, NJ 5720 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA 5790 Ocala, FL 5800 Odessa, TX 5880 Oklahoma City, OK 5910 Olympia, WA 5920 Omaha, NE/IA 5950 Orange County, NY 5960 Orlando, FL 6030 Pascagoula-Moss Point, MS 6080 Pensacola, FL 6120 Peoria, IL 6160 Philadelphia, PA/NJ 6200 Phoenix, AZ 6280 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 6440 Portland-Vancouver, OR 6441 Vancouver, WA 6480 Providence-Fall River-Pawtuckett, MA 6481 Fall River, MA/RI 6482 Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro, RI-MA 6520 Provo-Orem, UT 6560 Pueblo, CO 6600 Racine, WI 6640 Raleigh-Durham, NC 6680 Reading, PA 6690 Redding, CA 6720 Reno, NV 6740 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA 6760 Richmond-Petersburg, VA 6780 Riverside-San Bernadino,CA 6800 Roanoke, VA 6820 Rochester, MN 6840 Rochester, NY 6880 Rockford, IL 6920 Sacramento, CA 6960 Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI 6980 St. Cloud, MN 7040 St. Louis, MO-IL 7080 Salem, OR 7120 Salinas-Sea Side-Monterey, CA 7160 Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 7240 San Antonio, TX 7320 San Diego, CA 7360 San Francisco-Oakland-Vallejo, CA 7361 Oakland, CA 7362 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA 7400 San Jose, CA 7470 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA 7480 Santa Cruz, CA 7490 Santa Fe, NM 7500 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA 7510 Sarasota, FL 7520 Savannah, GA 7560 Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA 7600 Seattle-Everett, WA 7610 Sharon, PA 7620 Sheboygan, WI 7680 Shreveport, LA 7800 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN 7840 Spokane, WA 7880 Springfield, IL 7920 Springfield, MO 8000 Springfield-Holyoke-Chicopee, MA 8040 Stamford, CT 8050 State College, PA 8120 Stockton, CA 8160 Syracuse, NY 8200 Tacoma, WA 8280 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 8320 Terre Haute, IN 8400 Toledo, OH/MI 8480 Trenton, NJ 8520 Tucson, AZ 8560 Tulsa, OK 8600 Tuscaloosa, AL 8640 Tyler, TX 8680 Utica-Rome, NY 8730 Ventura-Oxnard-Simi Valley 8760 Vineland-Milville-Bridgetown, NJ 8780 Visalia-Tulare -Porterville, CA 8800 Waco, TX 8840 Washington, DC/MD/VA 8880 Waterbury, CT 8920 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 8940 Wausau, WI 8960 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton -Delray Beach, FL 9040 Wichita, KS 9080 Wichita Falls, TX 9140 Williamsport, PA 9160 Wilmington, DE/NJ/MD 9200 Wilmington, NC 9240 Worcester, MA 9260 Yakima, WA 9280 York, PA 9320 Youngstown-Warren, OH-PA 9340 Yuba City, CA 9360 Yuma, AZ This variable indicates the metropolitan area where the household was enumerated, if that metropolitan area was large enough to meet confidentiality requirements. IPUMS PUMA type United States 1990: All households 60 Census designated place 61 Place - part 70 Minor Civil Divisions/towns 80 Counties/independent cities (2 or more) 81 County/independent city - part 82 County/independent city This variable indicates the nature of the 1990 Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) where a household was enumerated. IPUMS City <svar a="all" v="US90A009 US90A010 US90A013 US90A016"><span class="em">1b. </span>If everyone is staying here only temporarily and usually lives somewhere else, list the name of each person on the numbered lines above, fill this circle ? O [brackets used in this document instead] and print their usual address below. Do not print the address listed on the front cover.<br /><br /><div class="i1">____ House number<br />____ Street or road/Rural route and box number<br />____ Apartment number<br />____ City<br />____ State<br />____ ZIP code<br />____ Country or foreign country<br />____ Names of nearest intersecting streets or roads</div><br /><br />[If everyone listed in questions 1a usually lives at another address(es), print the address(es) in 1b.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All households 0000 Not in identifiable city (or size group) 0010 Akron, OH 0050 Albany, NY 0090 Alexandria, VA 0130 Allentown, PA 0190 Anaheim, CA 0210 Anchorage, AK 0270 AnnArbor, MI 0290 Arlington, TX 0310 Arlington, VA 0450 Aurora, CO 0490 Austin, TX 0510 Bakersfield, CA 0530 Baltimore, MD 0590 Baton Rouge, LA 0670 Beaumont, TX 0810 Boston, MA 0830 Bridgeport, CT 0890 Buffalo, NY 1110 Chattanooga, TN 1150 Chesapeake, VA 1190 Chicago, IL 1250 Chula Vista, CA 1330 Cleveland, OH 1390 Colorado Springs, CO 1710 Denver, CO 1730 Des Moines, IA 1750 Detroit, MI 1910 East Los Angeles, CA 1990 El Monte, CA 2050 Elizabeth, NJ 2090 Erie, PA 2110 Escondido, CA 2130 Eugene, OR 2270 Flint, MI 2290 Fort Lauderdale, FL 2330 Fort Wayne, IN 2350 Fort Worth, TX 2370 Fresno, CA 2390 Fullerton, CA 2430 Garden Grove, CA 2450 Garland, TX 2470 Gary, IN 2490 Glendale, CA 2530 Grand Rapids, MI 2570 Greensboro, NC 2650 Hampton, VA 2710 Hartford, CT 2770 Hialeah, FL 2830 Hollywood, FL 2930 Huntingon Beach, CA 3010 Inglewood, CA 3030 Irving, TX 3090 Jackson, MS 3150 Jersey City, NJ 3330 Knoxville, TN 3410 Lakewood, CO 3470 Lansing, MI 3490 Las Vegas, NV 3590 Lexington-Fayette, KY 3670 Livonia, MI 3690 Long Beach, CA 3730 Los Angeles, CA 3750 Louisville, KY 3770 Lowell, MA 4010 Memphis, TN 4070 Mesquite, TX 4090 Metairie, LA 4110 Miami, FL 4130 Milwaukee, WI 4150 Minneapolis, MN 4170 Mobile, AL 4190 Modesto, CA 4250 Montgomery, AL 4270 Moreno Valley, CA 4530 New Haven, CT 4570 New Orleans, LA 4610 New York, NY 4630 Newark, NJ 4750 Newport News, VA 4810 Norfolk, VA 5030 Ontario, CA 5070 Orlando, FL 5150 Pasadena, CA 5170 Pasadena, TX 5210 Paterson, NJ 5270 Peoria, IL 5330 Philadelphia, PA 5350 Phoenix, AZ 5370 Pittsburgh, PA 5450 Pomona, CA 5530 Portland, OR 5590 Portsmouth, VA 5650 Providence, RI 5770 Rancho Cucamonga, CA 5810 Reno, NV 5870 Richmond, VA 5890 Riverside, CA 5930 Rochester, NY 5970 Rockford, IL 6030 Sacramento, CA 6090 Saint Louis, MO 6110 Saint Paul, MN 6170 Salem, OR 6190 Salinas, CA 6230 San Antonio, TX 6270 San Diego, CA 6290 San Francisco, CA 6310 San Jose, CA 6330 Santa Ana, CA 6350 Santa Rosa, CA 6430 Seattle, WA 6490 Shreveport, LA 6590 South Bend, IN 6630 Spokane, WA 6670 Springfield, MA 6730 Stamford, CT 6750 Sterling Heights, MI 6810 Sunnyvale, CA 6850 Syracuse, NY 6890 Tampa, FL 7130 Virginia Beach, VA 7230 Washington, DC 7250 Waterbury, CT 7530 Winston-Salem, NC 7570 Worcester, MA 7590 Yonkers, NY This variable indicates the city of residence, if the household was located in one of the cities identified in a given sample. IPUMS City population United States 1990: All households in identifiable cities [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the population, in hundreds, for all incorporated municipalities. US90A017 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = city not identified or unincorporated place . IPUMS Size of place United States 1990: All households in identifiable cities [discrepancies: none] Not identifiable 1 100,000-199,999 2 200,000-299,999 3 300,000-399,999 4 400,000-499,999 5 500,000-599,999 6 600,000-749,999 7 750,000-999,999 8 1,000,000-1,999,999 9 2,000,000+ This variable indicates a recode of CITYPOP, grouping places of similar sizes. IPUMS Urban-rural status United States 1990: All households 1 Rural 2 Urban This variable indicates whether a household's location was urban or rural. IPUMS Group quarters status United States 1990: All households Vacant unit 1 Households under 1970 definition 2 Additional households under 1990 definition 3 Institutions 4 Other group quarters This variable indicates the type of group quarters. IPUMS Group quarters type United States 1990: Collective dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Institution 2 Non-institutional group quarters This variable indicates the type of group quarters. IPUMS Farm status Answer H19a and H19b if you live in a one-family house or mobile home. United States 1990: All households 1 Non-Farm 2 Farm This variable indicatess farm households. IPUMS Sales of farm products Answer H19a and H19b if you live in a one-family house or mobile home. United States 1990: Private, occupied, single unit dwellings, with lots over 1 acre [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 None 2 1-999 3 1,000-2,499 4 2,500-4,999 5 5,000-9,999 6 10,000+ This variable indicates the previous year's gross sales of farm produce in contemporary dollars. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling <svar a=" US90A026" v=" US90A026 US90A027"><span class="em">H4. Is this house or apartment</span>--<br /><div class="i1">[] Owned by you or someone in this household with a mortgage or loan?<br />[] Owned by you or someone in this household free and clear (without a mortgage)?<br />[] Rented for cash rent?<br />[] Occupied without payment of cash rent?</div><br /><br />[Housing is owned if the owner or co-owner lives in it. Mark owned by you or someone in this household with a mortgage or loan if the house, apartment, or mobile home is mortgaged or there is a contract to purchase. Mark owned by you or someone in this household free and clear (without a mortgage) if there is no mortgage or other debt. If the house, apartment, or mobile home is owned but the land is rented, mark this question to show the status of the house, apartment, or mobile home. Mark rented for cash rent if any money rent is paid, even if the rent is paid by persons who are not members of your household, or by a federal, state, or local government agency. Mark occupied without payment of cash rent if the unit is not owned or being bought by the occupants and if money rent is not paid or contracted. The unit may be owned by friends or relatives who live elsewhere and who allow occupancy without charge. A house or apartment may be provided as part of wages or salary. Examples are: caretaker's or janitor's house or apartment; parsonages; tenant farmer or sharecropper houses for which the occupants do not pay cash rent; or military housing.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Not group quarters, not vacant units [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned free and clear 2 Owned with mortgage or loan 3 No cash rent 4 With cash rent This variable indicates whether the dwelling was rented or owned by its inhabitants. IPUMS Mortgage status <svar a=" US90A026" v=" US90A026 US90A027"><span class="em">H4. Is this house or apartment</span>--<br /><div class="i1">[] Owned by you or someone in this household with a mortgage or loan?<br />[] Owned by you or someone in this household free and clear (without a mortgage)?<br />[] Rented for cash rent?<br />[] Occupied without payment of cash rent?</div><br /><br />[Housing is owned if the owner or co-owner lives in it. Mark owned by you or someone in this household with a mortgage or loan if the house, apartment, or mobile home is mortgaged or there is a contract to purchase. Mark owned by you or someone in this household free and clear (without a mortgage) if there is no mortgage or other debt. If the house, apartment, or mobile home is owned but the land is rented, mark this question to show the status of the house, apartment, or mobile home. Mark rented for cash rent if any money rent is paid, even if the rent is paid by persons who are not members of your household, or by a federal, state, or local government agency. Mark occupied without payment of cash rent if the unit is not owned or being bought by the occupants and if money rent is not paid or contracted. The unit may be owned by friends or relatives who live elsewhere and who allow occupancy without charge. A house or apartment may be provided as part of wages or salary. Examples are: caretaker's or janitor's house or apartment; parsonages; tenant farmer or sharecropper houses for which the occupants do not pay cash rent; or military housing.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A027"><span class="em">H23a. Do you have a mortgage, deed of trust, contract to purchase, or similar debt on this property? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, mortgage, deed of trust, or similar debt -- [Go on to question H23b]<br />[] Yes, contract to purchase -- [Go on to question H23b]<br />[] No -- [Go on to question H24a]</div><br /><br />[The word mortgage is used as a general term to indicate all types of loans that are secured by real estate.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Owner-occupied single-unit houses, mobile homes, and condominiums; not group quarters [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, owned free and clear 3 Yes, mortgaged/ deed of trust or similar debt 4 Yes, contract to purchase This variable indicates whether an owner-occupied dwelling was owned free and clear or was encumbered by a mortgage, loan, or other type of debt. IPUMS Second mortgage status <svar a="all" v="US90A028"><span class="em">H24a. Do you have a second or junior mortgage or a home equity loan on this property? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No -- [Go on to question H25]</div><br /><br />[A second or junior mortgage or home equity loan is secured by real estate.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Owner-occupied single-unit houses, mobile homes, and condominiums; not group quarters [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes This variable indicates whether owner-occupied housing units with a first mortgage were encumbered by a second mortgage or home equity loan. IPUMS First mortgage monthly payment <svar a="all" v="US90A029"><span class="em">H23b. How much is your regular monthly mortgage payment on this property? </span> Include payment only on first mortgage or contract to purchase.<br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Monthly amount -- Dollars<br /><br />Or<br /><br />[] No regular payment required -- [Go on to question H24a]</div><br /><br />[Enter a monthly amount even if it is unpaid or paid by someone else. If the amount is paid on some other periodic basis, see the instructions for H7a to change it to a monthly amount. Include payments on first mortgages and contracts to purchase only. Payments for second or junior mortgages and home equity loans should be reported in H24b.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Owner-occupied single-unit houses, mobile homes, and condominiums; not group quarters [not verifiable] This variable indicates the household's monthly first mortgage payment obligations, if any. US90A029 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS House value <svar a="all" v="US90A030"><span class="em">H6. </span>Answer only if you or someone in this household owns or is buying this house or apartment --<br /><br /><span class="em">What is the value of this property; that is, how much do you think this house and lot or condominium unit would sell for if it were for sale? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Less than $10,000<br />[] $10,000 to $14,999<br />[] $15,000 to $19,999<br />[] $20,000 to $24,999<br />[] $25,000 to $29,999<br />[] $30,000 to $34,999<br />[] $35,000 to $39,999<br />[] $40,000 to $44,999<br />[] $45,000 to $49,999<br />[] $50,000 to $54,999<br />[] $55,000 to $59,999<br />[] $60,000 to $64,999<br />[] $65,000 to $69,999<br />[] $70,000 to $74,999<br />[] $75,000 to $79,999<br />[] $80,000 to $89,999<br />[] $90,000 to $99,999<br />[] $100,000 to $124,999<br />[] $125,000 to $149,999<br />[] $150,000 to $174,999<br />[] $175,000 to $199,999<br />[] $200,000 to $249,999<br />[] $250,000 to $299,999<br />[] $300,000 to $399,999<br />[] $400,000 to $499,999<br />[] $500,000 or more</div><br /><br />[If this is a house, include the value of the house, the land it is on, and any other structures on the same property. If the house is owned but the land is rented, estimate the combined value of the house and the land. If this is a condominium unit, estimate the value for your house or apartment including your share of the common elements. If this is a mobile home, include the value of the mobile home and the value of the land. If you rent the land, estimate the value of the rented land and add it to the value of the mobile home.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Owner-occupied or vacant-for-sale housing units; not group quarters [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Less than $10,000 02 $10,000-14,999 03 $15,000-19,999 04 $20,000-24,999 05 $25,000-29,999 06 $30,000-34,999 07 $35,000-39,999 08 $40,000-44,999 09 $45,000-49,999 10 $50,000-54,999 11 $55,000-59,999 12 $60,000-64,999 13 $65,000-69,999 14 $70,000-74,999 15 $75,000-79,999 16 $80,000-89,999 17 $90,000-99,999 18 $100,000-124,999 19 $125,000-149,999 20 $150,000-174,999 21 $175,000-199,999 22 $200,000-249,999 23 $250,000-299,999 24 $300,000-399,999 25 $400,000+ This variable indicates the value of dwellings in contemporary dollars. IPUMS Commercial use <svar a="all" v="US90A031"><span class="em">H5b. Is there a business (such as a store or barber shop) or a medical office on this property? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br />[A business is easily recognized from the outside; for example, a grocery store or barber shop. A medical office is a doctor's or dentist's office regularly visited by patients.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied or vacant single-family houses or mobile homes [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No commerical use 2 Yes, used commercially This variable indicates whether a dwelling has a business (such as a store or barber shop) or medical/dental office on the property. IPUMS Acreage of property <span class="em">H5. If this is a one-family house </span>--</p> <p><span class="em">H5a. Is this house on ten or more acres? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><p>[Answer H5a and H5b if you live in a one-family house or a mobile home; include only land that you own or rent.] United States 1990: Private, occupied or vacant single-family houses or mobile homes [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 City or suburban lot or rural lot less than 1 acre 2 1 -9 acres 3 10 acres This variable indicates the number of acres on which a housing unit was located. IPUMS Mortgage payment includes real estate taxes <svar a="all" v="US90A034"><span class="em">H23c. Does your regular monthly mortgage payment include payments for real estate taxes on this property? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, taxes included in payment<br />[] No, taxes paid separately or taxes not required</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Households with a regular mortgage payment [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes This variable indicates whether the household's monthly mortgage payment amount. IPUMS Mortgage payment includes property insurance <svar a="all" v="US90A035"><span class="em">H23d. Does your regular monthly mortgage payment include payments for fire, hazard, or flood insurance on this property? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, insurance included in payment<br />[] No, insurance paid separately or no insurance</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Households with a regular mortgage payment [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes, payment includes insurance premiums This variable indicates whether the household's monthly mortgage payment amounts. IPUMS Annual property insurance cost <svar a="all" v="US90A036"><span class="em">H22. What was the annual payment for fire, hazard, and flood insurance on this property? </span><br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Yearly amount -- Dollars<br /><br />Or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />[When premiums are paid on other than a yearly basis, convert to a yearly basis. Enter the yearly amount even if no payment was made during the past 12 months.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Single-unit, owner-occupied houses, condominiums, and mobile homes; not group quarters [not verifiable] This variable indicates the household's annual property (fire, hazard, flood) insurance costs. US90A036 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Annual real estate taxes, 1990 <svar a="all" v="US90A037"><span class="em">H21. What were the real estate taxes on this property last year? </span><br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Yearly amount -- Dollars<br /><br />Or<br /><br />[] None</div><br /><br />[Report taxes for all taxing jurisdictions (city or town, county, state, school district, etc. ) Even if they are included in your mortgage payment, not yet paid or paid by someone else, or are delinquent. Do not include taxes past due from previous years.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Single-unit, owner-occupied houses, condominiums, and mobile homes; not group quarters [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 None 02 1-49 03 50 -99 04 100 -149 05 150 -199 06 200 -249 07 250 -299 08 300 -349 09 350 -399 10 400 -449 11 450 -499 12 500 -549 13 550 -599 14 600 -649 15 650 -699 16 700 -749 17 750 -799 18 800 -849 19 850 -899 20 900 -949 21 950 -999 22 1000 -1099 23 1100 -1199 24 1200 -1299 25 1300 -1399 26 1400 -1499 27 1500 -1599 28 1600 -1699 29 1700 -1799 30 1800 -1899 31 1900 -1999 32 2000 -2099 33 2100 -2199 34 2200 -2299 35 2300 -2399 36 2400 -2499 37 2500 -2599 38 2600 -2699 39 2700 -2799 40 2800 -2899 41 2900 -2999 42 3000 -3099 43 3100 -3199 44 3200 -3299 45 3300 -3399 46 3400 -3499 47 3500 -3599 48 3600 -3699 49 3700 -3799 50 3800 -3899 51 3900 -3999 52 4000 -4099 53 4100 -4199 54 4200 -4299 55 4300 -4399 56 4400 -4499 57 4500 58 4501 + This variable indicates the household's total real estate tax costs (state, local, and other) for the previous year. IPUMS Monthly contract rent <svar a="all" v="US90A038 US90A039">H7. Answer only if you pay rent for this house or apartment --<br /><br /><span class="em">H7a. What is the monthly rent? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Less than $80<br />[] $80 to $99<br />[] $100 to $124<br />[] $125 to $149<br />[] $150 to $174<br />[] $175 to $199<br />[] $200 to $224<br />[] $225 to $249<br />[] $250 to $274<br />[] $275 to $299<br />[] $300 to $324<br />[] $325 to $349<br />[] $350 to $374<br />[] $375 to $399<br />[] $400 to $424<br />[] $425 to $449<br />[] $450 to $474<br />[] $475 to $499<br />[] $500 to $524<br />[] $525 to $549<br />[] $550 to $599<br />[] $600 to $649<br />[] $650 to $699<br />[] $700 to $749<br />[] $750 to $999<br />[] $1,000 or more</div><br /><br />[Report the rent agreed to or contracted for, even if the rent for your house, apartment, or mobile home is unpaid or paid by someone else.<br /><br />[If rent is paid...........................Multiply rent by:<br /><div class="i1">By the day.....................................30<br />By the week....................................4<br />Every other week............................2</div><br />If rent is paid.............................Divide rent by:<br /><div class="i1">4 times a year................................. 3<br />2 times a year................................. 6<br />Once a year...................................12]</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Renter-occupied or vacant-to-rent units; not group quarters [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 No cash rent 02 1-79 03 80 -99 04 100 -124 05 125 -149 06 150 -174 07 175 -199 08 200 -224 09 225 -249 10 250 -274 11 275 -299 12 300 -324 13 325 -349 14 350 -374 15 375 -399 16 400 -424 17 425 -449 18 450 -474 19 475 -499 20 500 -524 21 525 -549 22 550 -599 23 600 -649 24 650 -699 25 700 -749 26 750 -999 27 $1,000+ This variable indicates the amount of the household's monthly contract rent payment. IPUMS Monthly gross rent <svar a="all" v="US90A038 US90A039">H7. Answer only if you pay rent for this house or apartment --<br /><br /><span class="em">H7a. What is the monthly rent? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Less than $80<br />[] $80 to $99<br />[] $100 to $124<br />[] $125 to $149<br />[] $150 to $174<br />[] $175 to $199<br />[] $200 to $224<br />[] $225 to $249<br />[] $250 to $274<br />[] $275 to $299<br />[] $300 to $324<br />[] $325 to $349<br />[] $350 to $374<br />[] $375 to $399<br />[] $400 to $424<br />[] $425 to $449<br />[] $450 to $474<br />[] $475 to $499<br />[] $500 to $524<br />[] $525 to $549<br />[] $550 to $599<br />[] $600 to $649<br />[] $650 to $699<br />[] $700 to $749<br />[] $750 to $999<br />[] $1,000 or more</div><br /><br />[Report the rent agreed to or contracted for, even if the rent for your house, apartment, or mobile home is unpaid or paid by someone else.<br /><br />[If rent is paid...........................Multiply rent by:<br /><div class="i1">By the day.....................................30<br />By the week....................................4<br />Every other week............................2</div><br />If rent is paid.............................Divide rent by:<br /><div class="i1">4 times a year................................. 3<br />2 times a year................................. 6<br />Once a year...................................12]</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Renter-occupied units rented for cash; not group quarters [not verifiable] This variable indicates the gross monthly rental cost of the housing unit, which includes contract rent plus additional costs for utilities (water, electricity, gas) and fuels (oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.). US90A039 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Meals included in rent <svar a="all" v="US90A040"><span class="em">H7b. Does the monthly rent include any meals?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br />[Answer yes if meals are included in the monthly rent payment, or you must contract for meals or a meal plan in order to live in this building.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Renter-occupied or vacant-to-rent units that rented for cash rent; not group quarters [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, meals not included 2 Yes This variable indicates whether the monthly contract rent payment included meals (or, for vacant-to-rent units, whether the landlord's advertised rental price included meals). IPUMS Monthly condominium fee <svar a="all" v="US90A041"><span class="em">H25. Answer only if this is a condominium --<br /><br />What is the monthly condominium fee? </span><br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Monthly amount -- Dollars</div><br /><br />[A condominium fee is normally assessed by the condominium owners' association for the purpose of improving and maintaining the common areas. Enter a monthly amount even if it is unpaid or paid by someone else. If the amount is paid on some other periodic basis, see the instructions for H7a on how to change it to a monthly amount.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Owner-occupied condominiums with a condominium fee; not group quarters [not verifiable] This variable indicates the amount of the condominium unit's assigned monthly condominium fee. US90A041 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Condominium status <svar a="all" v="US90A042"><span class="em">H18. Is this house or apartment part of a condominium? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br />[A condominium is a type of ownership in which the apartments, houses, or mobile homes in a building or development are individually owned, but the common areas, such as lobbies, halls, etc., are jointly owned. Cooperative occupants should mark no.]<br /><br />If you live in an apartment building, skip to H20.<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied or vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not a condominium unit 2 Condominium unit This variable indicates whether a household lives in a condominium - housing units whose occupants share with other households the ownership and use of certain common areas and facilities. IPUMS Annual mobile home costs <svar a="all" v="US90A043"><span class="em">H26. Answer only if this is a mobile home --<br />What was the total cost for personal property taxes, site rent, registration fees, and license fees on this mobile home and its site last year? </span>Exclude real estate taxes.<br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Yearly amount -- Dollars</div><br /><br />[Report amount even if your bills are unpaid or paid by someone else. Include payments for personal property taxes, land or site rent, registration fees and license feels. Do not include real estate taxes already reported in H21. The amount to be reported should be the total amount for an entire 12-month billing period even if made in two or more installments. Estimate as closely as possible when exact costs are not known.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Owner-occupied mobile homes, with costs related to mobile home status; not group quarters [not verifiable] This variable indicates the annual amount of special costs incurred by mobile home owners. US90A043 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Annual electricity cost <svar v="US90A044 US90A045 US90A046 US90A047"><span class="em">H20. What are the yearly costs of utilities and fuels for this house or apartment? </span><br /><br />If you have lived here less than 1 year, estimate the yearly cost.<br /><br />[If your house or apartment is rented, enter the costs for utilities and fuels only if you pay for them in addition to the rent entered in H7a. If you live in a condominium, enter the costs for utilities and fuels only if you pay for them in addition to your condominium fee. If your fuel and utility costs are already included in your rent or condominium fee, fill the Included in rent or in condominium fee circle. Do not enter any dollar amounts. The amounts to be reported should be the total amount for the past 12 months. Estimate as closely as possible when exact costs are not know. If you have lived in this house or apartment less than 1 year, estimate the yearly cost. Report amounts even if your bills are unpaid or paid by someone else. If the bills include utilities or fuel used also by another apartment or a business establishment, estimate the amounts for your own house or apartment. If gas and electricity are billed together, enter the combined amount on the electricity line and bracket [] the two utilities.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the annual electricity cost for each dwelling (rented or owned), excluding amounts included in contract rent or other types of payments. US90A044 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Annual gas cost <svar v="US90A044 US90A045 US90A046 US90A047"><span class="em">H20. What are the yearly costs of utilities and fuels for this house or apartment? </span><br /><br />If you have lived here less than 1 year, estimate the yearly cost.<br /><br />[If your house or apartment is rented, enter the costs for utilities and fuels only if you pay for them in addition to the rent entered in H7a. If you live in a condominium, enter the costs for utilities and fuels only if you pay for them in addition to your condominium fee. If your fuel and utility costs are already included in your rent or condominium fee, fill the Included in rent or in condominium fee circle. Do not enter any dollar amounts. The amounts to be reported should be the total amount for the past 12 months. Estimate as closely as possible when exact costs are not know. If you have lived in this house or apartment less than 1 year, estimate the yearly cost. Report amounts even if your bills are unpaid or paid by someone else. If the bills include utilities or fuel used also by another apartment or a business establishment, estimate the amounts for your own house or apartment. If gas and electricity are billed together, enter the combined amount on the electricity line and bracket [] the two utilities.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A045"><span class="em">H20b. Gas </span><br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Yearly cost -- Dollars<br /><br />Or<br /><br />[] Included in rent or in condominium fee<br />[] No charge or gas not used</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each rented or owned dwelling's annual gas costs, again excluding amounts included in contract rent or other types of payments. US90A045 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Annual water cost <svar v="US90A044 US90A045 US90A046 US90A047"><span class="em">H20. What are the yearly costs of utilities and fuels for this house or apartment? </span><br /><br />If you have lived here less than 1 year, estimate the yearly cost.<br /><br />[If your house or apartment is rented, enter the costs for utilities and fuels only if you pay for them in addition to the rent entered in H7a. If you live in a condominium, enter the costs for utilities and fuels only if you pay for them in addition to your condominium fee. If your fuel and utility costs are already included in your rent or condominium fee, fill the Included in rent or in condominium fee circle. Do not enter any dollar amounts. The amounts to be reported should be the total amount for the past 12 months. Estimate as closely as possible when exact costs are not know. If you have lived in this house or apartment less than 1 year, estimate the yearly cost. Report amounts even if your bills are unpaid or paid by someone else. If the bills include utilities or fuel used also by another apartment or a business establishment, estimate the amounts for your own house or apartment. If gas and electricity are billed together, enter the combined amount on the electricity line and bracket [] the two utilities.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A046"><span class="em">H20c. Water </span><br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Yearly cost -- Dollars<br /><br />Or<br /><br />[] Included in rent or in condominium fee<br />[] No charge</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the rented or owned dwelling's annual water cost, again excluding amounts included in contract rent or other types of payments. US90A046 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Annual home heating fuel cost <svar v="US90A044 US90A045 US90A046 US90A047"><span class="em">H20. What are the yearly costs of utilities and fuels for this house or apartment? </span><br /><br />If you have lived here less than 1 year, estimate the yearly cost.<br /><br />[If your house or apartment is rented, enter the costs for utilities and fuels only if you pay for them in addition to the rent entered in H7a. If you live in a condominium, enter the costs for utilities and fuels only if you pay for them in addition to your condominium fee. If your fuel and utility costs are already included in your rent or condominium fee, fill the Included in rent or in condominium fee circle. Do not enter any dollar amounts. The amounts to be reported should be the total amount for the past 12 months. Estimate as closely as possible when exact costs are not know. If you have lived in this house or apartment less than 1 year, estimate the yearly cost. Report amounts even if your bills are unpaid or paid by someone else. If the bills include utilities or fuel used also by another apartment or a business establishment, estimate the amounts for your own house or apartment. If gas and electricity are billed together, enter the combined amount on the electricity line and bracket [] the two utilities.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A047"><span class="em">H20d. Oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.</span> \<br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Yearly cost -- Dollars<br /><br />Or<br /><br />[] Included in rent or in condominium fee<br />[] No charge or these fuels not used</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each rented or owned dwelling's annual fuel cost, again excluding amounts included in contract rent or other types of payments. US90A047 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Total family income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the primary household's total pre-tax money income from all sources for the previous year. US90A048 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999999 = NIU. IPUMS Vacancy status United States 1990: Vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 For rent 2 For sale only 3 Rented or sold but not (yet) occupied 4 For seasonal, recreational or other occasional use 5 For migratory workers 6 Other vacant This variable indicates if a dwelling was vacant and reports the reason for the vacancy. IPUMS Vacant, usual home elsewhere United States 1990: Not group quarters, only units occupied by people with usual homes elsewhere [not verifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 (UHE) Owns unit presently occupied 2 (UHE) Rent unit presently occupied 3 (UHE) Ownership undetermined This variable indicates if a dwelling did not house permanent residents but were temporarily occupied at the time of enumeration. IPUMS Boarded-up status United States 1990: Vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not boarded up 2 Yes, boarded up This variable indicates if a vacant unit was boarded up-that is, with windows and doors sealed to protect the interior and prevent illegal entry. IPUMS Duration of vacancy United States 1990: Vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Less than 1 month 2 1 -2 months 3 2 -6 months 4 6 -12 months 5 12 -24 months 6 More than 24 months This variable indicates the time elapsed, in months, since the last occupants moved out of a vacant dwelling. IPUMS Total household income <svar a="all" v=" US90A054 US90A468 US90A470 US90A477"><span class="em">33. What was this person's total income in 1989? </span><br /><div class="i1">Add entries in questions 32a through 32h; subtract any losses. If total amount was a loss, write "loss" above amount.<br /><br />[] None<br /><br />Or</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the total money income of all household members age 15+ during the previous year. US90A054 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999999 = NIU. IPUMS Kitchen or cooking facilities <svar a="all" v="US90A056"><span class="em">H11. Do you have complete kitchen facilities; that is, 1) a sink with piped water, 2) a range or cookstove, and 3) a refrigerator? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br />[The kitchen sink, stove, and refrigerator must be located in the building but do not have to be in the same room. Portable cooking equipment is not considered as a range or cookstove.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes (shared or exclusive use) This variable indicates whether the dwelling contained kitchen facilities. IPUMS Number of rooms <svar a="all" v="US90A057"><span class="em">H3. How many rooms do you have in this house or apartment? </span><br /><div class="i1">Do not count bathrooms, porches, balconies, foyers, halls, or half-rooms.<br /><br />[] 1 room<br />[] 2 rooms<br />[] 3 rooms<br />[] 4 rooms<br />[] 5 rooms<br />[] 6 rooms<br />[] 7 rooms<br />[] 8 rooms<br />[] 9 or more rooms</div><br /><br />[Count only whole rooms in your house, apartment, or mobile home used for living purposes, such as living rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, bedrooms, finished recreation rooms, family rooms, etc. Do not count bathrooms, kitchenettes, strip or pullman kitchens, utility rooms, foyers, halls, half-rooms, porches, balconies, unfinished attics, unfinished basements, or other unfinished space used for storage.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 room 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 or more This variable indicates the number of whole rooms used for living purposes that are contained in the dwelling. IPUMS Plumbing facilities <svar a="all" v="US90A058"><span class="em">H10. Do you have complete plumbing facilities in this house or apartment; that is, 1) hot and cold piped water, 2) a flush toilet, and 3) a bathtub or shower?<br /></span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, have all three facilities<br />[] No</div><br /><br />[Mark yes, have all three facilities if you have all the facilities mentioned; all facilities must be in your house, apartment, or mobile home, but not necessarily in the same room. Consider that you have hot water even if you have it only part of the time. Mark no if any of the three facilities is not present.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Without complete plumbing 2 With complete plumbing This variable indicates whether the dwelling contained complete plumbing facilities. IPUMS Age of structure <svar a="all" v="US90A060"><span class="em">H17. About when was this building first built? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] 1989 or 1990<br />[] 1985 to 1988<br />[] 1980 to 1984<br />[] 1970 to 1979<br />[] 1960 to 1969<br />[] 1950 to 1959<br />[] 1940 to 1949<br />[] 1939 or earlier<br />[] Don't know</div><br /><br />[Fill the circle corresponding to the period in which the original construction was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions, or conversions. In buildings containing more than one apartment, the owner, manager, or janitor may be of help in determining when the building was built. If you live in a houseboat or a trailer or mobile home, fill the circle corresponding to the model year in which it was manufactured. If you do not know the period when the building was first constructed, fill the circle for don't know.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 0 -1 year old 2 2-5 3 6-10 4 11-20 5 21-30 6 31-40 7 41-50 8 51+ This variable indicates the estimated age of the structure, in years. IPUMS Units in structure <svar a="all" v="US90A062"><span class="em">H2. Which best describes this building? </span>Include all apartments, flats, etc., even if vacant.<br /><div class="i1">[] A mobile home or trailer<br />[] A one-family house detached from any other house<br />[] A one-family house attached to one or more houses<br />[] A building with 2 apartments<br />[] A building with 3 or 4 apartments<br />[] A building with 5 to 9 apartments<br />[] A building with 10 to 19 apartments<br />[] A building with 20 to 49 apartments<br />[] A building with 50 or more apartments<br />[] Other</div><br /><br />[Fill only one circle. Count all occupied and vacant apartments in the house or building. Do not count stores or office space. Detached means there is open space on all sides, or the house is joined only to a shed or garage. Attached means that the house is joined to another house or building by at least one wall that goes from ground to roof. An example of a one-family house attached to one or more houses is a row of houses attached to one another. A mobile home or trailer that has had one or more rooms added or built onto it should be counted as a one-family detached house; a porch or shed is not considered a room.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Mobile home or trailer 02 Boat, tent, van, other 03 1 -family house, detached 04 1 -family house, attached 05 2 -family building 06 3 -4 family building 07 5 -9 family building 08 10 -19 family building 09 20 -49 family building 10 50 family building This variable indicates the number of dwellings (both occupied and vacant) in the structure containing the household. IPUMS Source of water <svar a="all" v="US90A063"><span class="em">H15. Do you get water from -- </span><br /><div class="i1">[] A public system such as a city water department, or private company?<br />[] An individual drilled well?<br />[] An individual dug well?<br />[] Some other source such as a spring, creek, river, cistern, etc.?</div><br /><br />[If a well provides water for five or more houses, apartments, or mobile homes, mark A public system. If a well provides water for four or fewer houses, apartments, or mobile homes, fill one of the circles for Individual well. Drilled wells, or small diameter wells, are usually less than 1 feet in diameter. Dug wells are generally hand dug and are larger than 1 feet wide.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Public system or private company 3 Individual well, drilled 4 Individual well, dug 5 Other source This variable indicates the source of the dwelling's water supply, and whether the unit supplied its own water via an individual well or was attached to a larger public or private system. IPUMS Sewage disposal <svar a="all" v="US90A064"><span class="em">H16. Is this building connected to a public sewer? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, connected to public sewer<br />[] No, connected to septic tank or cesspool<br />[] No, use other means</div><br /><br />[A public sewer may be operated by a government body or private organization. A septic tank or cesspool is an underground tank or pit used for disposal of sewage.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Public sewer 2 Septic tank or cesspool 3 Other means This variable indicates each dwelling's method of sewage disposal: by a public system, a septic tank or cesspool, or another method IPUMS Number of bedrooms <svar a="all" v="US90A066"><span class="em">H9. How many bedrooms do you have; that is, how many bedrooms would you list if this house or apartment were on the market for sale or rent? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] No bedroom<br />[] 1 bedrooms<br />[] 2 bedrooms<br />[] 3 bedrooms<br />[] 4 bedrooms<br />[] 5 or more bedrooms</div><br /><br />[Include all rooms intended to be used as bedrooms in this house, apartment, or mobile home, even if they are currently being used for other purposes.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No bedrooms 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5+ This variable indicates the number of bedrooms within the dwelling. IPUMS Telephone availability <svar a="all" v="US90A068"><span class="em">H12. Do you have a telephone in this house or apartment? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /><br />[Answer yes only if the telephone is located in your house, apartment, or mobile home.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, no phone available 2 Yes, phone available This variable indicates whether residents of the housing unit had telephone access. IPUMS Second mortgage monthly payment <svar a="all" v="US90A069"><span class="em">H24b. How much is your regular monthly payment on all second or junior mortgages and all home equity loans? </span><br /><div class="i1">$____ .00 Monthly amount -- Dollars<br /><br />Or<br /><br />[] No regular payment required</div><br /><br />[Enter a monthly amount even if it is unpaid or paid by someone else. If the amount is paid on some other periodic basis, see instructions for H7a and change it to a monthly amount. Include payments on all second or junior mortgages or home equity loans.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Owner-occupied single-unit houses, mobile homes, and condominiums; not group quarters [not verifiable] This variable indicates the household's second or junior mortgage monthly payment obligations, if any. US90A069 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Linguistic isolation <span class="em">15a. Does this person speak a language other than English at home?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No -- [Go on to question 16]</div><p>[Mark yes if the location is now inside the city/town limits even if it was not inside the limits on April 1, 1985; that is, if the area was annexed by the city/town since that time.]</p> <p><span class="em">15b. What is this language? </span><div class="i1">____<br />(For example: Chinese, Italian, Spanish, Vietnamese)</div><p>[Mark yes if the person sometimes or always speaks a language other than English at home. Do not mark yes for a language spoken only at school or if speaking is limited to a few expressions or slang.] United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not linguistically isolated 2 Linguistically isolated This variable indicates "linguistically isolated households." IPUMS Home heating fuel <svar a="all" v="US90A072"><span class="em">H14. Which fuel is used most for heating this house or apartment? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Gas: from underground pipes serving the neighborhood<br />[] Gas: bottled, tank, or LP<br />[] Electricity<br />[] Fuel oil, kerosene, etc.<br />[] Coal or coke<br />[] Wood<br />[] Solar energy<br />[] Other fuel<br />[] No fuel used</div><br /><br />[Fill the circle for the fuel used most to heat your house, apartment, or mobile home. In buildings containing more than one apartment you may obtain this information from the owner, manager, or janitor. Solar energy is provided by a system that collects, stores, and distributes heat from the sun. Other fuel includes any fuel not separately listed; for example, purchased steam, fuel briquettes, waste material, etc.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No fuel used 2 Utility gas from underground pipes serving neighborhood 3 Bottled, tank, or liquefied petroleum gas 4 Electricity 5 Fuel oil, kerosene, other liquid fuels 6 Coal or coke 7 Wood 8 Solar energy 9 Other This variable indicates the primary fuel or energy source used to heat the dwelling. IPUMS Vehicles available <svar a="all" v="US90A074"><span class="em">H13. How many automobiles, vans, and trucks of one-ton capacity or less are kept at home for use by members of your household? </span><br /><div class="i1">[] None<br />[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6<br />[] 7 or more</div><br /><br />[Count company cars (including police cars and taxicabs) and company trucks of one-ton capacity or less that are regularly kept at home and used by household members for nonbusiness purposes. Do not count cars or trucks permanently out of working order.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 available 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 9 No vehicles available This variable indicates the number of cars, vans, and trucks of one-ton capacity or less kept at home for use by household members. IPUMS Number of families in household United States 1990: Private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 family 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 This variable indicates the number of families in the household. IPUMS Number of married couples in household United States 1990: All households 0 couples 1 1 couple 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 This variable indicates the number of married couples within each unit. IPUMS Number of mothers in household United States 1990: All households 0 mothers 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 This variable indicates the number of women within each unit who are identified as residing with their children. IPUMS Number of fathers in household United States 1990: All households 0 fathers 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 6 This variable indicates the number of men within each unit who are identified as residing with their children. IPUMS Flag for acreage of property United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for ACREPROP (Acreage of property). IPUMS Flag for monthly condominium fee United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for CONDOFEE (Monthly condominium fee). IPUMS Flag for acreage of property United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for ACREPROP (Acreage of property). IPUMS Flag for annual mobile home costs United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for MOBLHOME (Yearly mobile home costs). IPUMS Flag for first mortgage monthly payment United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for MORTAMT1 (First mortgage payment). IPUMS Flag for mortgage payment includes property insurance United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INSINCL (Payment include fire, hazard, flood insurance). IPUMS Flag for second mortgage monthly payment United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for MORTAMT2 (Second mortgage monthly payment). IPUMS Flag for number of bedrooms United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for BEDROOMS (Number of Bedrooms). IPUMS Flag for age of structure United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated from "unanswered" 2 Allocated from "unknown" This variable is a data quality flag for BUILTYR (Age of structure). IPUMS Flag for commercial use United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for COMMUSE (Commercial use). IPUMS Flag for condominium status United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for CONDO (Condominium status). IPUMS Flag for second mortgage status United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for MORTGAG2 (Second Mortgage Status). IPUMS Flag for annual electricity cost United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for COSTELEC (Yearly cost of electricity). IPUMS Flag for data Quality for qmortgag (Mortgage status) United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated, direct (logical edit) 2 Allocated (method not specified) This variable is a data quality flag for qmortgag (Mortgage status). IPUMS Flag for annual home heating fuel cost United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for COSTFUEL (Yearly cost of home heating fuels). IPUMS Flag for annual gas cost United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for COSTGAS (Yearly cost of gas). IPUMS Flag for annual property insurance cost United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for PROPINSR (Yearly property insurance). IPUMS Flag for annual water cost United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for COSTWATR (Yearly cost of water). IPUMS Flag for annual real estate taxes, 1990 United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for PROPTX90 (Yearly property taxes). IPUMS Flag for sales of farm products and farm status United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for FARMPROD (Sales of farm products). IPUMS Flag for duration of vacancy United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for VACDUR (Duration of vacancy). IPUMS Flag for meals included in rent United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for RENTMEAL (Meals included in rent). IPUMS Flag for home heating fuel United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for FUELHEAT (House heating fuel). IPUMS Flag for vehicles available United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for VEHICLES (Vehicles available). IPUMS Flag for plumbing facilities United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for PLUMBING (Plumbing facilities). IPUMS Flag for kitchen or cooking facilities United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for KITCHEN (Kitchen or cooking facilities). IPUMS Flag for ownership of dwelling United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for OWNERSHP (Ownership of Dwelling). IPUMS Flag for telephone availability United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for PHONE (Telephone availability). IPUMS Flag for mortgage payment includes real estate taxes United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for TAXINCL (Inclusion of real estate taxes in payment to lender). IPUMS Flag for number of rooms United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for ROOMS (Number of Rooms). IPUMS Flag for sewage disposal United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for SEWAGE (Sewage disposal). IPUMS Flag for boarded-up status United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for VACABORD (Boarded up status). IPUMS Flag for source of water United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for WATERSRC (Source of water). IPUMS Flag for units in structure United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for UNITSSTR (Units in structure). IPUMS Flag for vacancy status United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for VACANCY (Vacancy status). IPUMS Flag for house value United States 1990: All households Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for VALUEH (Value of Dwelling). IPUMS Person number PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1" for the first person record of each household). When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person in the IPUMS-International database. PERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Person weight PERWT indicates the number of persons in the actual population represented by the person in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), PERWT must be used to yield accurate statistics for the population. NOTE: PERWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Mother's location in household MOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers. The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of MOMLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of MOMLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPMOM is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict MOMLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, MOMLOC should be reset to zero when STEPMOM is greater than zero. MOMLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No mother of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's mother IPUMS Father's location in household POPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers. The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of POPLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of POPLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPPOP is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict POPLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, POPLOC should be reset to zero when STEPPOP is greater than zero. POPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No father of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's father IPUMS Spouse's location in household SPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses. The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE. The general design of SPLOC and other constructed variables is modeled on the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships", but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of SPLOC, see the Comparability section of SPRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. SPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No spouse of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's spouse IPUMS Rule for linking parent 00 No parent of person in household 11 Link to head or spouse, unambiguous 12 Link to head or spouse, ambiguous 21 Child-Grandchild, within empirical child cap 22 Child-Grandchild, within constructed child cap 23 Child-Grandchild, exceeds child cap 31 Specified Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 32 Specified Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 33 Specified Other Relatives, exceeds child cap 41 Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 42 Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 51 Non-Relatives, within empirical child cap 52 Non-Relatives, within constructed child cap PARRULE describes the criteria by which the IPUMS International variables MOMLOC and POPLOC linked the person to a probable mother and/or father. IPUMS International establishes child-parent links according to five basic rules, and PARRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A link to any parent automatically generates a second link to that parent's spouse or partner, so only one rule is needed to describe both MOMLOC and POPLOC. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Rule for linking spouse 00 No spouse present 01 Rule 1: strong relationship pairing, couple adjacent 02 Rule 2: strong relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 03 Rule 3: weak relationship pairing, couple adjacent 04 Rule 4: weak relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 05 Rule 5: weak consensual union pairings 06 Rule 6: sample-specific rules (usually child-to-child) SPRULE explains the criteria by which the IPUMS-International variable SPLOC linked the person to his/her probable spouse. IPUMS International establishes spouse-spouse links according to five basic rules, and SPRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A sixth rule identifies sample-specific linking procedures only imposed in selected instances. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Probable stepmother Biological mother or no mother present 1 Mother has no children born or surviving 2 Child reports mother is deceased 3 Explicitly identified step relationship 4 Mother reports no children in the home 5 Age difference implausible 6 Child exceeds known fertility of mother STEPMOM indicates whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOM explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPMOM are as follows: 0 = Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household. 1 = Mother has no children born or surviving. 2 = Child reports mother is deceased. 3 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner, stepchild/child-in-law). 4 = Mother reports no children in the home. 5 = Age difference between mother and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. 6 = Child exceeds known fertility of mother. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepmother is met, STEPMOM will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPMOM will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Probable stepfather Biological father or no father present 1 Child reports father is deceased 2 Explicitly identified step relationship 3 Age difference implausible 4 Spouse of mother 5 Identified as adopted 6 Surname difference -- male child or never-married female STEPPOP indicates whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOP explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPPOP are as follows: 0 = Biological father or no father of this person present in household. 1 = Child reports father is deceased. 2 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner; stepchild/child-in-law). 3 = Age difference between father and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepfather is met, STEPPOP will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPPOP will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Man with more than one wife linked No more than one wife linked via SPLOC 1 More than one wife linked via SPLOC POLYMAL indicates if a man had more than one wife linked to him in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The point of POLYMAL is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Woman is second or higher order wife Person is not the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC 1 Person is the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC POLY2ND indicates if a woman was the second or higher order wife linked to a husband in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The variable does not suggest the actual marital order of wives, only their relative positions in the person order of the household as it was enumerated. The point of POLY2ND is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Family unit membership FAMUNIT is a constructed variable indicating to which family within the household a person belongs. All persons related to the household head receive a 1 (see RELATE). Each secondary family or secondary individual receives a higher code. For purposes of FAMUNIT, secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). FAMUNIT is a 4-digit numeric variable. CodesIf there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on. IPUMS Number of own family members in household 0001 1 family member present 0002 2 family members present 0003 3 family members present 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0057 57 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0072 72 0073 73 0074 74 0075 75 0076 76 0077 77 0078 78 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0090 90 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0097 97 0098 98 0099 99 or more persons FAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage as indicated by the census forms or inferred from them. FAMSIZE is calculated from the units identified in the IPUMS constructed variable FAMUNIT (family unit membership). The primary family is defined as all persons related to the head in the RELATE variable. Secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). IPUMS Number of own children in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more children in household NCHILD provides a count of the person's own children living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more own children under age 5 in household 98 One or more children have unknown age NCHLT5 provides a count of the person's own children under age five living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household ELDCH gives the age of the person's oldest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. ELDCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household YNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. YNGCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Relationship to household head [general version] 1 Head 2 Spouse/partner 3 Child 4 Other relative 5 Non-relative 6 Other relative or non-relative 9 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Relationship to household head [detailed version] 1000 Head 2000 Spouse/partner 2100 Spouse 2200 Unmarried partner 2210 Civil union 2300 Same-sex spouse/partner 3000 Child 3100 Biological child 3200 Adopted child 3300 Stepchild 3400 Child/child-in-law 3500 Child/child-in-law/grandchild 3600 Child of unmarried partner 4000 Other relative 4100 Grandchild 4110 Grandchild or great grandchild 4120 Great grandchild 4130 Great-great grandchild 4200 Parent/parent-in-law 4210 Parent 4211 Stepparent 4220 Parent-in-law 4300 Child-in-law 4301 Daughter-in-law 4302 Spouse/partner of child 4310 Unmarried partner of child 4400 Sibling/sibling-in-law 4410 Sibling 4420 Stepsibling 4430 Sibling-in-law 4431 Sibling of spouse/partner 4432 Spouse/partner of sibling 4500 Grandparent 4510 Great grandparent 4600 Parent/grandparent/ascendant 4700 Aunt/uncle 4800 Other specified relative 4810 Nephew/niece 4820 Cousin 4830 Sibling's sibling-in-law 4900 Other relative, not elsewhere classified 4910 Other relative with same family name 4920 Other relative with different family name 4930 Other relative, not specified (secondary family) 5000 Non-relative 5100 Friend/guest/visitor/partner 5110 Partner/friend 5111 Friend 5112 Partner/roommate 5113 Housemate/roommate 5120 Visitor 5130 Ex-spouse 5140 Godparent 5150 Godchild 5200 Employee 5210 Domestic employee 5220 Relative of employee, n.s. 5221 Spouse of servant 5222 Child of servant 5223 Other relative of servant 5300 Roomer/boarder/lodger/foster child 5310 Boarder 5311 Boarder or guest 5320 Lodger 5330 Foster child 5340 Tutored/foster child 5350 Tutored child 5400 Employee, boarder, or guest 5500 Other specified non-relative 5510 Agregado 5520 Temporary resident, guest 5600 Group quarters 5610 Group quarters, non-inmates 5620 Institutional inmates 5900 Non-relative, n.e.c. 6000 Other relative or non-relative 9999 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Age 000 Less than 1 year 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100+ 999 Not reported/missing AGE gives age in years as of the person's last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration. IPUMS Age, grouped into intervals 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 0 to 5 06 6 to 10 07 10 to 15 08 11 to 14 09 15 to 17 10 16 to 19 11 18 to 24 12 20 to 24 13 25 to 29 14 30 to 34 15 35 to 39 16 40 to 44 17 45 to 49 18 50 to 54 19 55 to 59 20 60 to 64 21 65 to 69 22 70 to 74 23 75 to 79 24 80 to 84 25 85+ 98 Unknown AGE2 gives computed years of age grouped into intervals. IPUMS Sex 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown SEX reports the sex (gender) of the respondent. IPUMS Marital status [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Single/never married 2 Married/in union 3 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 4 Widowed 9 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Marital status [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Single/never married 110 Engaged 111 Never married and never cohabited 200 Married or consensual union 210 Married, formally 211 Married, civil 212 Married, religious 213 Married, civil and religious 214 Married, civil or religious 215 Married, traditional/customary 216 Married, monogamous 217 Married, polygamous 219 Married, spouse absent (historical samples) 220 Consensual union 300 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 310 Separated or divorced 320 Separated or annulled 330 Separated 331 Separated legally 332 Separated de facto 333 Separated from marriage 334 Separated from consensual union 335 Separated from consensual union or marriage 340 Annulled 350 Divorced 400 Widowed 410 Widowed or divorced 411 Widowed from consensual union or marriage 412 Widowed from marriage 413 Widowed from consensual union 420 Widowed, divorced, or separated 999 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Children ever born 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) CHBORN reports the number of children ever born to each woman of whom the question was asked. In most samples, women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the child was still living. IPUMS Nativity status NIU (not in universe) 1 Native-born 2 Foreign-born 9 Unknown/missing NATIVITY indicates whether the person was native-born or foreign-born. IPUMS Country of birth 00000 NIU (not in universe) 10000 Africa 11000 Eastern Africa 11005 British Indian Ocean Territory 11010 Burundi 11020 Comoros 11030 Djibouti 11040 Eritrea 11050 Ethiopia 11051 Ethiopia (including Eritrea) 11060 Kenya 11070 Madagascar 11080 Malawi 11090 Mauritius 11100 Mozambique 11110 Reunion 11120 Rwanda 11130 Seychelles 11140 Somalia 11150 South Sudan 11160 Uganda 11170 Tanzania 11180 Zambia 11190 Zimbabwe 11999 Eastern Africa, other or n.s. 12000 Middle Africa 12010 Angola 12020 Cameroon 12030 Central African Republic 12040 Chad 12050 Congo (Republic of) 12060 Democratic Republic of Congo 12070 Equatorial Guinea 12080 Gabon 12090 Sao Tome and Principe 12999 Middle Africa, other or n.s. 13000 Northern Africa 13010 Algeria 13011 Algeria/Tunisia 13020 Egypt 13021 Egypt/Sudan 13030 Libya 13040 Morocco 13050 Sudan 13060 Tunisia 13070 Western Sahara 13999 Northern Africa, other or n.s. 14000 Southern Africa 14010 Botswana 14020 Lesotho 14030 Namibia 14040 South Africa 14050 Swaziland 14999 Southern Africa, other or n.s. 15000 Western Africa 15010 Benin 15020 Burkina Faso 15021 Upper Volta 15030 Cape Verde 15040 Ivory Coast 15050 Gambia 15060 Ghana 15070 Guinea 15080 Guinea-Bissau 15081 Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde 15090 Liberia 15100 Mali 15110 Mauritania 15120 Niger 15130 Nigeria 15140 St. Helena and Ascension 15150 Senegal 15160 Sierra Leone 15170 Togo 15180 Canary Islands 15999 West Africa, other or n.s. 19999 Africa, other or n.s. 20000 Americas 21000 Caribbean 21010 Anguilla 21020 Antigua-Barbuda 21030 Aruba 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21060 British Virgin Islands 21070 Cayman Isles 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21100 Dominican Republic 21110 Grenada 21120 Guadeloupe 21130 Haiti 21140 Jamaica 21150 Martinique 21160 Montserrat 21170 Netherlands Antilles 21180 Puerto Rico 21190 St. Kitts-Nevis 21200 St. Croix 21210 St. John 21220 St. Lucia 21230 St Thomas 21240 St. Vincent 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21260 Turks and Caicos 21270 U.S. Virgin Islands 21991 Caribbean commonwealth, n.s. 21999 Caribbean, other or n.s. 22000 Central America 22010 Belize/British Honduras 22020 Costa Rica 22030 El Salvador 22040 Guatemala 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 22080 Panama 22081 Panama Canal Zone 22999 Central America, other or n.s. 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23020 Bolivia 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23050 Colombia 23060 Ecuador 23070 Falkland Islands 23080 French Guiana 23090 Guyana/British Guiana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 23999 South America, other or n.s. 24000 North America 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24030 Greenland 24040 United States 24999 North America, other or n.s. 29999 Americas, other or n.s. 30000 Asia 31000 Eastern Asia 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31012 Macau 31013 Taiwan 31020 Japan 31030 Korea 31031 Korea, DPR (North) 31032 Korea, RO (South) 31040 Mongolia 31999 Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 32000 South-Central Asia 32010 Afghanistan 32020 Bangladesh 32030 Bhutan 32040 India 32041 India/Pakistan 32042 India/Pakistan/Bangladesh/Sri Lanka 32050 Iran 32060 Kazakhstan 32070 Kyrgyzstan 32080 Maldives 32090 Nepal 32100 Pakistan 32101 Pakistan/Bangladesh 32110 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 32120 Tajikistan 32130 Turkmenistan 32140 Uzbekistan 32999 South-Central Asia, other or n.s. 33000 South-Eastern Asia 33010 Brunei 33020 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 33030 East Timor 33040 Indonesia 33050 Laos 33060 Malaysia 33070 Myanmar (Burma) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 33110 Vietnam 33999 South-Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 34000 Western Asia 34010 Armenia 34020 Azerbaijan 34030 Bahrain 34040 Cyprus 34050 Georgia 34051 Abkhazia 34052 South Ossetia 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34071 Israel/Palestine 34080 Jordan 34090 Kuwait 34100 Lebanon 34110 Palestine 34111 West Bank 34112 Gaza Strip 34120 Oman 34130 Qatar 34140 Saudi Arabia 34150 Syria 34151 Syria/Lebanon 34160 Turkey 34170 United Arab Emirates 34180 Yemen 34991 Middle East 34999 Western Asia, other or n.s. 39999 Asia, other or n.s. 40000 Europe 41000 Eastern Europe 41010 Belarus 41020 Bulgaria 41021 Bulgaria/Greece 41030 Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41060 Moldova 41070 Romania 41080 Russia/USSR 41090 Slovakia 41100 Ukraine 41991 Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia 41992 Central-Eastern Europe 41999 Eastern Europe, other or n.s. 42000 Northern Europe 42010 Denmark 42020 Estonia 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42050 Iceland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42080 Lithuania 42090 Norway 42100 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands 42110 Sweden 42120 United Kingdom 42999 Northern Europe, other or n.s. 43000 Southern Europe 43010 Albania 43020 Andorra 43030 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43040 Croatia 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43071 Vatican City 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43100 San Marino 43110 Slovenia 43120 Spain 43121 Spain/Portugal 43130 Macedonia 43140 Yugoslavia 43141 Montenegro 43142 Serbia 43143 Kosovo 43144 Serbia and Montenegro 43991 Gibraltar/Malta 43992 Portugal/Greece 43993 Italy, Holy See, San Marino 43999 Southern Europe, other or n.s. 44000 Western Europe 44010 Austria 44020 Belgium 44021 Belgium/Luxemburg 44022 Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg 44030 France 44040 Germany 44042 West Germany 44043 Germany/Austria 44044 Mecklenburg-Schwerin 44050 Liechtenstein 44060 Luxembourg 44070 Monaco 44080 Netherlands 44090 Switzerland 44991 Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands 44999 Western Europe, other or n.s. 49992 European Union 49993 European Union (original 15) 49994 Other European Union (not original 15) 49999 Europe, other or n.s. 50000 Oceania 51000 Australia and New Zealand 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51030 Norfolk Islands 51999 Australia and New Zealand, n.s. 52000 Melanesia 52010 Fiji 52020 New Caledonia 52030 Papua New Guinea 52040 Solomon Islands 52050 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 52999 Melanesia, n.s. 53000 Micronesia 53010 Kiribati 53020 Marshall Islands 53030 Nauru 53040 Northern Mariana Isls. 53050 Palau 53060 Federated States of Micronesia 53999 Micronesia, other or n.s. 54000 Polynesia 54010 Cook Islands 54020 French Polynesia 54030 Niue 54040 Pitcairn Island 54050 Western Samoa 54060 Eastern Samoa 54070 Tokelau 54080 Tonga 54090 Tuvalu 54100 Wallis and Futuna Isls. 54999 Polynesia, other or n.s. 55000 U.S. Pacific Possessions 55010 American Samoa 55020 Baker Island 55030 Guam 55040 Howland Island 55050 Johnston Atoll 55060 Kingman Reef 55070 Midway Islands 55080 Wake Island 55999 US Pacific, other or n.s. 59999 Oceania, other or n.s. 80000 AT SEA 90000 Other countries n.s. 99999 Unknown BPLCOUNTRY indicates the person's country of birth. IPUMS Citizenship 1 Citizen, not specified 2 Citizen by birth 3 Naturalized citizen 4 Not a citizen 5 Without citizenship, stateless 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CITIZEN indicates the person's citizenship status within the country in which they were enumerated. IPUMS State of birth, United States 01 Alabama 02 Alaska 04 Arizona 05 Arkansas 06 California 08 Colorado 09 Connecticut 10 Delaware 11 District of Columbia 12 Florida 13 Georgia 15 Hawaii 16 Idaho 17 Illinois 18 Indiana 19 Iowa 20 Kansas 21 Kentucky 22 Louisiana 23 Maine 24 Maryland 25 Massachusetts 26 Michigan 27 Minnesota 28 Mississippi 29 Missouri 30 Montana 31 Nebraska 32 Nevada 33 New Hampshire 34 New Jersey 35 New Mexico 36 New York 37 North Carolina 38 North Dakota 39 Ohio 40 Oklahoma 41 Oregon 42 Pennsylvania 44 Rhode Island 45 South Carolina 46 South Dakota 47 Tennessee 48 Texas 49 Utah 50 Vermont 51 Virginia 53 Washington 54 West Virginia 55 Wisconsin 56 Wyoming 60 United States, n.s. 98 Foreign-born 99 Unknown BPLUS indicates the person's state of birth within the United States. IPUMS Race or color 10 White 20 Black 21 Black African 22 Black Caribbean 23 Afro-Ecuadorian 24 Other Black 30 Indigenous 31 American Indian 32 Latin American Indian 40 Asian 41 Chinese 42 Japanese 43 Korean 44 Vietnamese 45 Filipino 46 Indian 47 Pakistani 48 Bangladeshi 49 Other Asian 50 Mixed race 51 Brown (Brazil) 52 Mestizo (Indigenous and White) 53 Mulatto (Black and White) 54 Coloured (South Africa) 55 Two or more races 60 Other 61 Montubio (Ecuador) 99 Unknown Race identifies the racial group with which a person identified himself or herself, or to which an enumerator assigned them. Determinations of race are based largely on appearance or ancestral place of origin. IPUMS Race, United States 100 White 200 Black 210 Mulatto (1850-1910) 300 American Indian/Alaska Native, not specified 301 Alaskan Athabaskan 302 Aleut 303 Apache 304 Blackfoot 305 Cherokee 306 Cheyenne 307 Chickasaw 308 Chippewa 309 Choctaw 310 Colville 311 Comanche 312 Creek 313 Crow 314 Delaware 315 Eskimo 316 Hopi 317 Houma 318 Inupiat 319 Iroquois 320 Kiowa 321 Lumbee 322 Menominee 323 Navajo 324 Osage 325 Paiute 326 Pima 327 Potawatomi 328 Pueblo 329 Puget Sound Salish 330 Seminole 331 Shoshone 332 Sioux 333 Tlingit (Tlingit-Haida, 2000-2005) 334 Tohono O''Odham 335 Yakama 336 Yaqui 337 Yuman 338 Yup'ik 340 All other tribes 341 AIAN, tribe not specified 342 Other specified Indian tribe (2000-2005) 343 Two or more Indian tribes (2000-2005) 344 Other Alaskan tribe(s) (2000-2005) 345 Both Indian and Alaskan (2000-2005) 346 Tribal responses, n.e.c. 350 Latin American Indian 400 Chinese 410 Taiwanese 420 Chinese and Taiwanese 500 Japanese 600 Filipino 610 Asian Indian 620 Korean 630 Native Hawaiian 631 Asiatic Hawiian 632 Caucasian Hawaiian 640 Vietnamese 641 Bhutanese 642 Mongolian 643 Nepalese 660 Cambodian 661 Hmong 662 Laotian 663 Thai 664 Bangladeshi 665 Burmese 666 Indonesian 667 Malaysian 668 Okinawan 669 Pakistani 670 Sri Lankan 671 All other Asian, n.e.c. 672 Asian, not specified 673 Chinese and Japanese 674 Chinese and Filipino 675 Chinese and Vietnamese 676 Chinese and Asian write-in 677 Japanese and Filipino 678 Asian Indian and Asian write-in 679 Other Asian race combinations 680 Samoan 681 Tahitian 682 Tongan 684 One or more other Polynesian races (2000-2005) 685 Guamanian/Chamorro 686 Northern Mariana Islander 687 Palauan 688 Other Micronesian 689 One or more other Micronesian races (2000-2005) 690 Fijian 691 Other Melanesian 692 One or more Melanesian races (2000-2005) 698 Two or more PI races from multiple regions 699 Pacific Islander (PI), n.s. 700 Other race, n.e.c. 800 Two or more races RACEUS identifies the "race" of the respondent in the United States. Race is a social construct, not a scientific or anthropological concept. Many detailed categories consist of national origin groups. IPUMS Member of an indigenous group NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown INDIG indicates whether the person belonged to an indigenous group. IPUMS Ancestry, U.S. and Puerto Rico 001 Alsatian 002 Andorran 003 Austrian 004 Tirolean 005 Basque 006 French Basque 008 Belgian 009 Flemish 010 Walloon 011 British 012 British Isles 013 Channel Islander 014 Gibraltan 015 Cornish 016 Corsican 017 Cypriot 018 Greek Cypriote 019 Turkish Cypriote 020 Danish 021 Dutch 022 English 023 Faeroe Islander 024 Finnish 025 Karelian 026 French 027 Lorrainian 028 Breton 029 Frisian 030 Friulian 032 German (1980) 033 Bavarian 034 Berliner 035 Hamburger 036 Hanoverian 037 Hessian 038 Lubecker 039 Pomeranian (1980) 040 Prussian 041 Saxon 042 Sudetenlander 043 Westphalian 046 Greek 047 Cretan 048 Cycladic Islander 049 Icelander 050 Irish 051 Italian (1980) 053 Abruzzi 054 Apulian 055 Basilicata 056 Calabrian 057 Amalfi 058 Emilia Romagna 059 Rome 060 Ligurian 061 Lombardian 062 Marches 063 Molise 064 Neapolitan 065 Piedmontese 066 Puglia 067 Sardinian 068 Sicilian 069 Tuscan 070 Trentino 071 Umbrian 072 Valle d"Aosta 073 Venetian 075 Lapp 076 Liechtensteiner 077 Luxemburger 078 Maltese 079 Manx 080 Monegasque 081 Northern Irelander 082 Norwegian 084 Portuguese 085 Azorean 086 Madeiran 087 Scotch Irish (1990) 088 Scottish 089 Swedish 090 Aland Islander 091 Swiss 092 Suisse (1980) 095 Romansch (1980) 096 Suisse Romane (1990) 097 Welsh 098 Scandinavian, Nordic 100 Albanian 101 Azerbaijani 102 Belorussian 103 Bulgarian 105 Carpathian 108 Cossack (1990) 109 Croatian 111 Czechoslovakian 112 Bohemian 115 Estonian 116 Livonian 117 Finno Ugrian (1990) 118 Mordovian 119 Voytak 120 Georgian (1980) 122 Germans from Russia: 123 Gruziia (1990) 124 Rom 125 Hungarian 126 Magyar 128 Latvian 129 Lithuanian 130 Macedonian 132 North Caucasian (1990) 133 North Caucasian Turkic (1990) 140 Ossetian 142 Polish 143 Kashubian 144 Romanian (1990) 145 Bessarabian (1980) 146 Moldavian 147 Wallachian 148 Russian 150 Muscovite 152 Serbian (1980) 153 Slovak 154 Slovene 155 Sorb/Wend 156 Soviet Turkic (1990) 157 Bashkir 158 Chevash 159 Gagauz (1990) 160 Mesknetian (1990) 163 Yakut 164 Soviet Union, n.e.c. (1990) 165 Tatar (1990) 169 Uzbek 171 Ukrainian (1980) 176 Yugoslavian 178 Slav 179 Slavonian (1990) 181 Central European, n.e.c. 183 Northern European, n.e.c. 185 Southern European, n.e.c. 187 Western European, n.e.c. 190 Eastern European, n.e.c. 195 European, n.e.c. 200 Spaniard (1980) 201 Andalusian (1990) 202 Asturian (1990) 204 Catalonian 205 Balearic Islander (1980) 206 Galician (1980) 210 Mexican (1980) 211 Mexican American 213 Chicano/Chicana 218 Nuevo Mexicano (1980) 219 Californio 221 Costa Rican 222 Guatemalan 223 Honduran 224 Nicaraguan 225 Panamanian (1980) 226 Salvadoran 227 Latin American (1980) 231 Argentinean 232 Bolivian 233 Chilean 234 Colombian 235 Ecuadorian 236 Paraguayan 237 Peruvian 238 Uruguayan 239 Venezuelan 248 South American (1980) 261 Puerto Rican 271 Cuban 275 Dominican 290 Hispanic 291 Spanish 295 Spanish American 296 Other Spanish/Hispanic 300 Bahamian 301 Barbadian 302 Belizean 303 Bermudan 304 Cayman Islander 308 Jamaican 310 Dutch West Indies 311 Aruba Islander 312 St. Maarten Islander 314 Trinidadian/Tobagonian 315 Trinidadian 316 Tobagonian 317 U.S. Virgin Islander (1980) 321 British Virgin Islander(1980) 322 British West Indian 323 Turks and Caicos Islander 324 Anguilla Islander (1980) 328 Dominica Islander 329 Grenadian 331 St. Lucia Islander 332 French West Indies 333 Guadeloupe Islander 334 Cayenne 335 West Indian (1990) 336 Haitian 337 Other West Indian 360 Brazilian 365 San Andres 370 Guyanese/British Guiana 375 Providencia 380 Surinam/Dutch Guiana 400 Algerian 402 Egyptian 404 Libyan 406 Moroccan (1990) 407 Ifni 408 Tunisian 411 North African 412 Alhucemas 413 Berber 414 Rio de Oro 415 Bahraini 416 Iranian 417 Iraqi 419 Israeli 421 Jordanian 422 Transjordan 423 Kuwaiti 425 Lebanese 427 Saudi Arabian 429 Syrian (1990) 431 Armenian 434 Turkish 435 Yemeni 436 Omani 437 Muscat 438 Trucial Oman 439 Qatar 441 Bedouin 442 Kurdish 444 Kuria Muria Islander 465 Palestinian 466 Gazan 467 West Bank 470 South Yemeni 471 Aden 480 United Arab Emirates 482 Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac 490 Middle Eastern 495 Arab 496 Other Arab 500 Angolan 502 Benin 504 Botswana 506 Burundian 508 Cameroonian 510 Cape Verdean 512 Central African Republic 513 Chadian 515 Congolese 516 Congo-Brazzaville 519 Djibouti 520 Equatorial Guinea 521 Corsico Islander 522 Ethiopian 523 Eritrean 525 Gabonese 527 Gambian 529 Ghanian 530 Guinean 531 Guinea Bissau 532 Ivory Coast 534 Kenyan 538 Lesotho 541 Liberian 543 Madagascan 545 Malawian (1990) 546 Malian 547 Mauritanian 549 Mozambican 550 Namibian 551 Niger 553 Nigerian 554 Fulani 555 Hausa 556 Ibo 557 Tiv (1980) 561 Rwandan 564 Senegalese 566 Sierra Leonean 568 Somalian 569 Swaziland 570 South African 571 Union of South Africa 572 Afrikaner 573 Natalian 574 Zulu 576 Sudanese 577 Dinka 578 Nuer 579 Fur 580 Baggara 582 Tanzanian 583 Tanganyikan 584 Zanzibar Islande 586 Togo 588 Ugandan 589 Upper Voltan 590 Volta 591 Zairian 592 Zambian 593 Zimbabwean 594 African Islands (1980) 595 Other Subsaharan Africa 596 Central African 597 East African 598 West African 599 African 600 Afghan 601 Baluchi 602 Pathan 603 Bengali (1980) 607 Bhutanese 609 Nepali 615 Asian Indian (1980) 622 Andaman Islander 624 Andhra Pradesh 626 Assamese 628 Goanese 630 Gujarati 632 Karnatakan 634 Keralan 638 Maharashtran 640 Madrasi 642 Mysore 644 Naga 648 Pondicherry 650 Punjabi 656 Tamil 675 East Indies (1990) 680 Pakistani (1980) 690 Sri Lankan 691 Singhalese 692 Veddah 695 Maldivian 700 Burmese (1990) 702 Shan 703 Cambodian 704 Khmer 706 Chinese 707 Cantonese (1980) 708 Manchurian 709 Mandarin (1990) 712 Mongolian (1980) 714 Tibetan 716 Hong Kong (1990) 718 Macao 720 Filipino 730 Indonesian (1980) 740 Japanese (1980) 746 Ryukyu Islander 748 Okinawan 750 Korean 765 Laotian 766 Meo 768 Hmong 770 Malaysian (1980) 774 Singaporean 776 Thai 777 Black Thai 778 Western Lao 782 Taiwanese 785 Vietnamese 786 Katu 787 Ma 788 Mnong 790 Montagnard 792 Indochinese 793 Eurasian 795 Asian 796 Other Asian 800 Australian 801 Tasmanian 802 Australian Aborigine (1990) 803 New Zealander 808 Polynesian (1990) 809 Kapinagamarangan (1990) 810 Maori 811 Hawaiian 813 Part Hawaiian 814 Samoan (1990) 815 Tongan 816 Tokelauan 817 Cook Islander 818 Tahitian 819 Niuean 820 Micronesian (1990) 821 Guamanian 822 Chamorro Islander 823 Saipanese (1990) 824 Palauan 825 Marshall Islander 826 Kosraean 827 Ponapean (1990) 828 Chuukese (1990) 829 Yap Islander 830 Caroline Islander (1990) 831 Kiribatese 832 Nauruan 833 Tarawa Islander (1990) 834 Tinian Islander (1990) 840 Melanesian Islander 841 Fijian 843 New Guinean 844 Papuan 845 Solomon Islander 846 New Caledonian Islander 847 Vanuatuan 850 Pacific Islander (1990) 860 Oceania 862 Chamolinian (1990) 863 Reserved Codes 870 Other Pacific 900 Afro-American (1980) 902 African-American (1990) 913 Central American Indian (1990) 914 South American Indian (1990) 920 American Indian (all tribes) 921 Aleut 922 Eskimo 923 Inuit 924 White/Caucasian (1980) 930 Greenlander 931 Canadian 933 Newfoundland 934 Nova Scotian 935 French Canadian 936 Acadian (1980) 939 American 940 United States 941 Alabama 942 Alaska 943 Arizona 944 Arkansas 945 California 946 Colorado 947 Connecticut 948 District of Columbia 949 Delaware 950 Florida 951 Georgia 952 Idaho 953 Illinois 954 Indiana 955 Iowa 956 Kansas 957 Kentucky 958 Louisiana 959 Maine 960 Maryland 961 Massachusetts 962 Michigan 963 Minnesota 964 Mississippi 965 Missouri 966 Montana 967 Nebraska 968 Nevada 969 New Hampshire 970 New Jersey 971 New Mexico 972 New York 973 North Carolina 974 North Dakota 975 Ohio 976 Oklahoma 977 Oregon 978 Pennsylvania 979 Rhode Island 980 South Carolina 981 South Dakota 982 Tennessee 983 Texas 984 Utah 985 Vermont 986 Virginia 987 Washington 988 West Virginia 989 Wisconsin 990 Wyoming 993 Southerner 994 North American 995 Mixture 996 Uncodable 997 Deferred cases 998 Other 999 Not reported ANCEST identifies the person's self-reported ancestry or ethnic origin in the United States and Puerto Rico. IPUMS Hispanic origin, U.S. and Puerto Rico 000 Not hispanic 100 Mexican 101 Mexican, n.e.c. 102 Mexican American 103 Mexicano/Mexicana 104 Chicano/Chicana 105 La Raza 106 Mexican American Indian 107 Mexico 200 Puerto Rican 300 Cuban 400 Other Spanish, 1980 410 Central/South American, 1970 411 Costa Rican 412 Guatemalan 413 Honduran 414 Nicaraguan 415 Panamanian 416 Salvadoran 417 Central American 418 Central American Indian 419 Canal Zone 420 Argentinean 421 Bolivian 422 Chilean 423 Colombian 424 Ecuadorian 425 Paraguayan 426 Peruvian 427 Uruguayan 428 Venezuelan 429 South American Indian 430 Criollo 431 South American 440 Other Spanish, 1970 450 Spaniard 451 Andalusian 452 Asturian 453 Castillian 454 Catalonian 455 Balearic Islander 456 Gallego 457 Valencian 458 Canarian 459 Spanish Basque 460 Dominican 465 Latin American 470 Hispanic 480 Spanish 490 Californio 491 Tejano 492 Nuevo Mexicano 493 Spanish American 494 Spanish American Indian 495 Meso American Indian 496 Mestizo 497 Other Spanish, Hispanic, Latino 498 Not specified (FOSDIC) 499 Not classified 999 Not reported HISPAN identifies and classifies persons of Hispanic origin in the United States and Puerto Rico. IPUMS Speaks English 1 Yes 2 No 7 Does not speak 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) SPEAKENG indicates whether the respondent could speak English or if English was the respondent's language of literacy. IPUMS Language spoken at home, United States 000 NIU (not in universe) 001 English 002 Jamaican Creole 003 Krio, Pidgin Krio 004 Hawaiian Pidgin 005 Pidgin 006 Gullah, Geechee 007 Saramacca 008 German 009 Swiss 010 Luxembourgian 011 Pennsylvania Dutch 012 Yiddish, Jewish 013 Dutch 014 Afrikaans 015 Frisian 016 Swedish 017 Danish 018 Norwegian 019 Icelandic 020 Faroese 021 Italian 022 Rhaeto-Romanic, Ladin 023 French 024 Provencal 025 Patois 026 French or Haitian Creole 027 Cajun 028 Spanish 029 Catalonian, Valencian 030 Ladino, Sefaradit, Spanol 031 Pachuco 032 Papia Mentae 033 Portuguese 034 Cape Verdean Creole 035 Rumanian 036 Irish Gaelic, Gaelic 037 Scottish Gaelic 038 Welsh 039 Greek 040 Albanian 041 Russian 042 Bielo-, White Russian, Belarusian 043 Ukrainian, Ruthenian, Little Russian 044 Czech 045 Polish 046 Kashubian, Slovincian 047 Slovak 048 Serbo-Croatian, Yugoslavian, Slavonian 049 Croatian 050 Serbian 051 Bosnian 052 Slovene 053 Lithuanian 054 Lettish, Latvian 055 Bulgarian 056 Lusatian, Sorbian, Wendish 057 Macedonian 058 Armenian 059 Persian, Iranian, Farssi 060 Dari 061 Pashto, Afghan 062 Kurdish 063 Balochi 064 Tadzhik 065 Ossete 066 Hindi 067 Sanskrit 068 Urdu 069 Bengali 070 Panjabi 071 Marathi 072 Gujarathi 073 Bihari 074 Rajasthani 075 Oriya 076 Assamese 077 Kashmiri 078 Sindhi 079 Maldivian 080 Sinhalese 081 Kannada 082 India n.e.c. 083 Pakistan n.e.c. 084 Other Indo-Iranian languages 085 Other Indo-European languages 086 Estonian 087 Romany, Gypsy 088 Finnish 089 Magyar, Hungarian 090 Lapp, Inari, Kola, Lule, Pite, Ruija, Skolt, Um 091 Other Uralic 092 Turkish 093 Kirghiz 094 Chuvash 095 Karakalpak 096 Kazakh 097 Karachay, Tatar, Balkar, Bashkir, Kumyk 098 Uzbek, Uighur 099 Azerbaijani 100 Mongolian 101 Tungus 102 Caucasian, Georgian, Avar 103 Basque 104 Dravidian 105 Brahui 106 Gondi 107 Telugu 108 Malayalam 109 Tamil 110 Bhili 111 Nepali 112 Kurukh 113 Munda 114 Burushaski 115 Chinese 116 Cantonese 117 Mandarin 118 Hakka, Fukien, K'echia 119 Kan, Nan Chang 120 Fuchow, Min Pei 121 Wu 122 Chinese, Cantonese, Min, Yueh 123 Tibetan 124 Hsiang, Chansa, Hunan, Iyan 125 Miao-Yao, Mien 126 Miao, Hmong 127 Iu Mien 128 Burmese, Lisu, Lolo 129 Karen 130 Chin languages 131 Kachin 132 Thai 133 Laotian 134 Japanese 135 Korean 136 Vietnamese 137 Ainu 138 Mon-Khmer, Cambodian 139 Yukagir 140 Muong 141 Indonesian 142 Buginese 143 Achinese 144 Balinese 145 Madurese 146 Cham 147 Malay 148 Minangkabau 149 Other Asian languages 150 Formosan, Taiwanese 151 Javanese 152 Malagasy 153 Sundanese 154 Other Malayan 155 Filipino, Tagalog 156 Bisayan 157 Sebuano 158 Pangasinan 159 Llocano, Hocano 160 Bikol 161 Pampangan 162 Gorontalo 163 Palau 164 Micronesian 165 Carolinian 166 Chamorro, Guamanian 167 Gilbertese 168 Kusaiean 169 Marshallese 170 Mokilese 171 Nauruan 172 Ponapean 173 Trukese 174 Ulithean, Fais 175 Woleai-Ulithi 176 Yapese 177 Melanesian 178 Polynesian 179 Samoan 180 Tongan 181 Other Pacific Island languages 182 Tokelauan 183 Fijian 184 Marquesan 185 Rarotongan 186 Maori 187 Nukuoro, Kapingarangan 188 Hawaiian 189 Arabic 190 Syriac, Aramaic, Chaldean 191 Near East Arabic dialect 192 Hebrew, Israeli 193 Amharic, Ethiopian, etc. 194 Berber 195 Chadic, Hamitic, Hausa 196 Cushite, Beja, Somali 197 Other Afro-Asiatic languages 198 Nilotic 199 Nilo-Hamitic 200 Nubian 201 Saharan 202 Nilo-Saharan, Fur, Songhai 203 Khoisan 204 Sudanic 205 Bantu (many subheads) 206 Swahili 207 Mande 208 Fulani 209 Gur 210 Kru 211 Efik, Ibibio, Tiv 212 Mbum, Gbaya, Sango, Zande 213 Niger-Congo regions (many subheads) 214 Other specified African languages 215 African, n.s. 216 Aleut, Eskimo 217 Apache 218 Other Algonquin languages 219 Inupik, Innuit 220 St Lawrence Isl Yupik 221 Yupik 222 Algonquian 223 Arapaho 224 Atsina, Gros Ventre 225 Blackfoot 226 Cheyenne 227 Cree 228 Delaware, Lenni-Lenape 229 Fox, Sac 230 Kickapoo 231 Menomini 232 Metis, French Cree 233 Miami 234 Micmac 235 Ojibwa, Chippewa 236 Ottawa 237 Passamaquoddy, Malecite 238 Penobscot 239 Potawatomi 240 Shawnee 241 Salish, Flathead 242 Clallam 243 Coeur d'Alene, Skitsamish 244 Columbia, Chelan, Wenatchee 245 Nootsack 246 Okanogan 247 Puget Sound Salish 248 Kalispel 249 Spokane 250 Athapascan 251 Han 252 Koyukon 253 Kuchin 254 Tanaina 255 Chasta Costa, Chetco, Coquille, Smith River Ath 256 Hupa 257 Apache 258 Jicarilla, Lipan 259 Chiricahua, Mescalero 260 San Carlos, Cibecue, White Mountain 261 Kiowa-Apache 262 Kiowa 263 Navajo 264 Klamath, Modoc 265 Nez Perce 266 Sahaptian, Celilo, Klikitat, Palouse, Tenino, U 267 Mountain Maidu, Maidu 268 Sierra Miwok, Miwok 269 Wintun 270 Foothill North Yokuts 271 Tachi 272 Siuslaw, Coos, Lower Umpqua 273 Tsimshian 274 Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Multnomah, Wasco, Wis 275 Chinook Jargon 276 Zuni 277 Yuman 278 Cocomaricopa 279 Mohave 280 Diegueno 281 Delta River Yuman 282 Havasupai 283 Walapai 284 Yavapai 285 Achumawi 286 Karok 287 Pomo 288 Washo 289 Crow, Absaroke 290 Hidatsa 291 Mandan 292 Dakota, Lakota, Nakota, Sioux 293 Chiwere 294 Winnebago 295 Omaha 296 Osage 297 Ponca 298 Alabama 299 Choctaw, Chickasaw 300 Mikasuki 301 Koasati 302 Muskogee, Creek, Seminole 303 Keres 304 Iroquoian 305 Mohawk 306 Oneida 307 Onondaga 308 Cayuga 309 Seneca 310 Tuscarora 311 Cherokee 312 Yupik 313 Algonquian 314 Choctaw, Chickasaw 315 Caddoan 316 Arikara 317 Pawnee 318 Wichita 319 Comanche 320 Mono, Owens Valley Paiute 321 Paiute 322 Chemehuevi 323 Ute 324 Shoshoni 325 Hopi 326 Cahuilla 327 Luiseno 328 Pima, Papago 329 Yaqui 330 Aztecan, Mexicano, Nahua 331 Picuris, Northern Tiwa, Taos 332 Tiwa, Isleta 333 Sandia 334 Tewa, Hano, Hopi-Tewa, San Ildefonso, San Juan, 335 Towa 336 Yurok 337 Makah 338 Kutenai 339 Haida 340 Tlingit, Chilkat, Sitka, Tongass, Yakutat 341 Yuchi 342 Misumalpan 343 Mayan languages 344 Tarascan 345 Mapuche 346 Oto-Manguen 347 Quechua 348 Arawakian 349 Chibchan 350 Tupi-Guarani 351 American Indian, ns 352 Other specified American Indian languages 353 South/Central American Indian 998 Other not elsewhere classified This variable indicates the language that the respondent speaks at home in the United States and Puerto Rico. IPUMS School attendance NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No, not specified 3 No, attended in the past 4 No, never attended 9 Unknown/missing SCHOOL indicates whether or not the person attended school at the time of the census or within some specified period of time prior to the census. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Less than primary completed 2 Primary completed 3 Secondary completed 4 University completed 9 Unknown EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Less than primary completed (n.s.) 110 No schooling 120 Some primary completed 130 Primary (4 yrs) completed 211 Primary (5 yrs) completed 212 Primary (6 yrs) completed 221 Lower secondary general completed 222 Lower secondary technical completed 311 Secondary, general track completed 312 Some college completed 320 Secondary or post-secondary technical completed 321 Secondary, technical track completed 322 Post-secondary technical education 400 University completed 999 Unknown/missing EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Educational attainment, United States 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 None or preschool 101 None 102 Nursery school 103 Kindergarten 200 Grades 1 to 4 201 Grade 1 202 Grade 2 203 Grade 3 204 Grade 4 300 Grades 5 to 8 301 Grade 5 302 Grade 6 303 Grade 7 304 Grade 8 400 Grade 9 500 Grade 10 600 Grade 11 700 Grade 12 701 Grade 12, no diploma 702 High school graduate or equivalency degree 703 High school diploma 704 Graduate equivalency diploma (GED) 800 Post-secondary 810 Post-secondary: years of schooling (1960-1980) 811 1 year of college 812 2 years of college 813 3 years of college 814 4 years of college 815 5 years of college 816 6 years of college (6+ years, 1960-1970) 817 7 years of college 818 8+ years of college (1980) 820 Post-secondary: degree (1990-2010) 821 Some college, no degree 822 Associate degree, occupational 823 Associate degree, academic 824 Associate dregree, type not specified 825 Bachelors degree 826 Masters degree 827 Professional degree 828 Doctorate degree EDUCUS indicates the highest educational level in the United States that the person had completed at the time of the census. IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Employed 2 Unemployed 3 Inactive 9 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Employed, not specified 110 At work 111 At work, and 'student' 112 At work, and 'housework' 113 At work, and 'seeking work' 114 At work, and 'retired' 115 At work, and 'no work' 116 At work, and other situation 117 At work, family holding, not specified 118 At work, family holding, not agricultural 119 At work, family holding, agricultural 120 Have job, not at work in reference period 130 Armed forces 131 Armed forces, at work 132 Armed forces, not at work in reference period 133 Military trainee 140 Marginally employed 200 Unemployed, not specified 201 Unemployed 6 or more months 202 Worked fewer than 6 months, permanent job 203 Worked fewer than 6 months, temporary job 210 Unemployed, experienced worker 220 Unemployed, new worker 230 No work available 240 Inactive unemployed 300 Inactive (not in labor force) 310 Housework 320 Unable to work, disabled or health reasons 321 Permanent disability 322 Temporary illness 323 Disabled or imprisoned 330 In school 340 Retirees and living on rent 341 Living on rents 342 Living on rents or pension 343 Retirees/pensioners 344 Retired 345 Pensioner 346 Non-retirement pension 347 Disability pension 348 Retired without benefits 350 Elderly 351 Elderly or disabled 360 Institutionalized 361 Prisoner 370 Intermittent worker 371 Not working, seasonal worker 372 Not working, occasional worker 380 Other income recipient 390 Inactive, other reasons 391 Too young to work 392 Dependent 999 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Labor force participation 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable identifying whether a person participated in the labor force. Labor force participation generally means working or seeking work within a specified reference period. For most samples LABFORCE is a recode of EMPSTAT (employment status). A consistent lower age universe of 15 or older has been applied to increase comparability across samples. Full detail is retained in EMPSTAT, which should be used for any study of child labor. IPUMS Occupation, ISCO general 01 Legislators, senior officials and managers 02 Professionals 03 Technicians and associate professionals 04 Clerks 05 Service workers and shop and market sales 06 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 07 Crafts and related trades workers 08 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 09 Elementary occupations 10 Armed forces 11 Other occupations, unspecified or n.e.c. 97 Response suppressed 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) OCCISCO records the person's primary occupation, coded according to the major categories in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) scheme for 1988. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is typically the one in which the person had spent the most time or earned the most money. IPUMS Occupation, unrecoded OCC records the person's primary occupation, classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is usually the one in which the person spent the most time or earned the most money, although this may not have been explicit in the instructions for a specific census. To ensure confidentiality, very small occupations are recoded to a residual category indicating the persons had an occupation, but the job title is not identified. The number of cases recoded should be too small to affect analyses. OCC is a 4-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 4 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Belarus 1999 - Russian Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1985 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 1976 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981-1991 Canada 2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 Colombia 1973 - Spanish Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d'Ivoire 1988 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Denmark 1845 Denmark 1880 Denmark 1885 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1974 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971-1991 - Greek Greece 2001 - Greek Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 1996 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 1988 Honduras 2001 Hungary 1970-1990 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983-2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2005 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1901 Ireland 1911 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kenya 1989 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Laos 1995 Lesotho 1996 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico Surveys 2005-2020 Mongolia 2000 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970 - Spanish Panama 1980 - Spanish Panama 1990 - Spanish Panama 2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 1990 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 1988 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991 - Portuguese Portugal 2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970 Puerto Rico 1980 Puerto Rico 1990 Puerto Rico 2000-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2002 Senegal 2013 Slovak Republic 1991 Slovak Republic 2001 Slovak Republic 2011 Sierra Leone 2004 Sierra Leone 2015 Slovenia 2002 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001 South Africa 2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970 Switzerland 1980 Switzerland 1990 Switzerland 2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 1988 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1960 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 1991 Uganda 2002 Uganda 2014 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1975 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 Zimbabwe 2012 IPUMS Occupation 1950 basis, U.S. 000 Accountants and auditors 001 Actors and actresses 002 Airplane pilots and navigators 003 Architects 004 Artists and art teachers 005 Athletes 006 Authors 007 Chemists 008 Chiropractors 009 Clergymen 010 College presidents and deans 012 Agricultural sciences 013 Biological sciences 014 Chemistry 015 Economics 016 Engineering 017 Geology and geophysics 018 Mathematics 019 Medical sciences 023 Physics 024 Psychology 025 Statistics 026 Natural science (n.e.c.) 027 Social sciences (n.e.c.) 028 Nonscientific subjects 029 Subject not specified 031 Dancers and dancing teachers 032 Dentists 033 Designers 034 Dieticians and nutritionists 035 Draftsmen 036 Editors and reporters 041 Engineers, aeronautical 042 Engineers, chemical 043 Engineers, civil 044 Engineers, electrical 045 Engineers, industrial 046 Engineers, mechanical 047 Engineers, metallurgical, metallurgists 048 Engineers, mining 049 Engineers (n.e.c.) 051 Entertainers (n.e.c.) 052 Farm and home management advisors 053 Foresters and conservationists 054 Funeral directors and embalmers 055 Lawyers and judges 056 Librarians 057 Musicians and music teachers 058 Nurses, professional 059 Nurses, student professional 061 Agricultural scientists 062 Biological scientists 063 Geologists and geophysicists 067 Mathematicians 068 Physicists 069 Miscellaneous natural scientists 070 Optometrists 071 Osteopaths 072 Personnel and labor relations workers 073 Pharmacists 074 Photographers 075 Physicians and surgeons 076 Radio operators 077 Recreation and group workers 078 Religious workers 079 Social and welfare workers, except group 081 Economists 082 Psychologists 083 Statisticians and actuaries 084 Miscellaneous social scientists 091 Sports instructors and officials 092 Surveyors 093 Teachers (n.e.c.) 094 Technicians, medical and dental 095 Technicians, testing 096 Technicians (n.e.c.) 097 Therapists and healers (n.e.c.) 098 Veterinarians 099 Professional, technical and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 100 Farmers (owners and tenants) 123 Farm managers 200 Buyers and department heads, store 201 Buyers and shippers, farm products 203 Conductors, railroad 204 Credit men 205 Floormen and floor managers, store 210 Inspectors, public administration 230 Managers and superintendents, building 240 Officers, pilots, pursers and engineers, ship 250 Officials and administrators (n.e.c.), public administration 260 Officials, lodge, society, union, etc. 270 Postmasters 280 Purchasing agents and buyers (n.e.c.) 290 Managers, officials, and proprietors (n.e.c.) 300 Agents (n.e.c.) 301 Attendants and assistants, library 302 Attendants, physician's and dentist's office 304 Baggagemen, transportation 305 Bank tellers 310 Bookkeepers 320 Cashiers 321 Collectors, bill and account 322 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 325 Express messengers and railway mail clerks 335 Mail carriers 340 Messengers and office boys 341 Office machine operators 342 Shipping and receiving clerks 350 Stenographers, typists, and secretaries 360 Telegraph messengers 365 Telegraph operators 370 Telephone operators 380 Ticket, station, and express agents 390 Clerical and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 400 Advertising agents and salesmen 410 Auctioneers 420 Demonstrators 430 Hucksters and peddlers 450 Insurance agents and brokers 460 Newsboys 470 Real estate agents and brokers 480 Stock and bond salesmen 490 Salesmen and sales clerks (n.e.c.) 500 Bakers 501 Blacksmiths 502 Bookbinders 503 Boilermakers 504 Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 505 Cabinetmakers 510 Carpenters 511 Cement and concrete finishers 512 Compositors and typesetters 513 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 514 Decorators and window dressers 515 Electricians 520 Electrotypers and stereotypers 521 Engravers, except photoengravers 522 Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators 523 Foremen (n.e.c.) 524 Forgemen and hammermen 525 Furriers 530 Glaziers 531 Heat treaters, annealers, temperers 532 Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber 533 Inspectors (n.e.c.) 534 Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths 535 Job setters, metal 540 Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, and power 541 Locomotive engineers 542 Locomotive firemen 543 Loom fixers 544 Machinists 545 Mechanics and repairmen, airplane 550 Mechanics and repairmen, automobile 551 Mechanics and repairmen, office machine 552 Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television 553 Mechanics and repairmen, railroad and car shop 554 Mechanics and repairmen (n.e.c.) 555 Millers, grain, flour, feed, etc. 560 Millwrights 561 Molders, metal 562 Motion picture projectionists 563 Opticians and lens grinders and polishers 564 Painters, construction and maintenance 565 Paperhangers 570 Pattern and model makers, except paper 571 Photoengravers and lithographers 572 Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 573 Plasterers 574 Plumbers and pipe fitters 575 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 580 Rollers and roll hands, metal 581 Roofers and slaters 582 Shoemakers and repairers, except factory 583 Stationary engineers 584 Stone cutters and stone carvers 585 Structural metal workers 590 Tailors and tailoresses 591 Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal workers 592 Tool makers, and die makers and setters 593 Upholsterers 594 " 595 Members of the armed services 600 Apprentice auto mechanics 601 Apprentice bricklayers and masons 602 Apprentice carpenters 603 Apprentice electricians 604 Apprentice machinists and toolmakers 605 Apprentice mechanics, except auto 610 Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters 611 Apprentices, building trades (n.e.c.) 612 Apprentices, metalworking trades (n.e.c.) 613 Apprentices, printing trades 614 Apprentices, other specified trades 615 Apprentices, trade not specified 620 Asbestos and insulation workers 621 Attendants, auto service and parking 622 Blasters and powdermen 623 Boatmen, canalmen, and lock keepers 624 Brakemen, railroad 625 Bus drivers 630 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying 631 Conductors, bus and street railway 632 Deliverymen and routemen 633 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 634 Dyers 635 Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal 640 Fruit, nut, and vegetable graders, and packers, except factory 641 Furnacemen, smeltermen and pourers 642 Heaters, metal 643 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives 644 Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing house 645 Milliners 650 Mine operatives and laborers 660 Motormen, mine, factory, logging camp, etc. 661 Motormen, street, subway, and elevated railway 662 Oilers and greaser, except auto 670 Painters, except construction or maintenance 671 Photographic process workers 672 Power station operators 673 Sailors and deck hands 674 Sawyers 675 Spinners, textile 680 Stationary firemen 681 Switchmen, railroad 682 Taxicab drivers and chauffers 683 Truck and tractor drivers 684 Weavers, textile 685 Welders and flame cutters 690 Operative and kindred workers (n.e.c.) 700 Housekeepers, private household 710 Laundressses, private household 720 Private household workers (n.e.c.) 730 Attendants, hospital and other institution 731 Attendants, professional and personal service (n.e.c.) 732 Attendants, recreation and amusement 740 Barbers, beauticians, and manicurists 750 Bartenders 751 Bootblacks 752 Boarding and lodging house keepers 753 Charwomen and cleaners 754 Cooks, except private household 760 Counter and fountain workers 761 Elevator operators 762 Firemen, fire protection 763 Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers 764 Housekeepers and stewards, except private household 770 Janitors and sextons 771 Marshals and constables 772 Midwives 773 Policemen and detectives 780 Porters 781 Practical nurses 782 Sheriffs and bailiffs 783 Ushers, recreation and amusement 784 Waiters and waitresses 785 Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders 790 Service workers, except private household (n.e.c.) 810 Farm foremen 820 Farm laborers, wage workers 830 Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 840 Farm service laborers, self-employed 910 Fishermen and oystermen 920 Garage laborers and car washers and greasers 930 Gardeners, except farm, and groundskeepers 940 Longshoremen and stevedores 950 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 960 Teamsters 970 Laborers (n.e.c.) 975 Employed, unclassifiable 980 Keeps house/house work/housewife 981 Imputed keeping house (1860-1880) 982 At home/ helps in home 983 At school 984 Retired 985 Unemployed/ without occupation 986 Invalid/sick/disabled 987 Inmate/prisoner 991 Capitalist/gentleman 995 Other non-occupational response 997 Occupation missing/unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) OCC95US provides a consistent classification of occupation across U.S. samples. Occupation describes the type of (usually market-oriented) work the person performs. Note regarding universe: "New workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time who have not yet secured their first job. IPUMS Industry, general recode 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 Agriculture, fishing, and forestry 020 Mining and extraction 030 Manufacturing 040 Electricity, gas, water and waste management 050 Construction 060 Wholesale and retail trade 070 Hotels and restaurants 080 Transportation, storage, and communications 090 Financial services and insurance 100 Public administration and defense 110 Services, not specified 111 Business services and real estate 112 Education 113 Health and social work 114 Other services 120 Private household services 130 Other industry, n.e.c. 998 Response suppressed 999 Unknown INDGEN recodes the industrial classifications of the various samples into twelve groups that can be fairly consistently identified across all available samples. The groupings roughly conform to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The third digit of INDGEN retains important detail among the service industries that could not be consistently distinguished in all samples. "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which a person worked. IPUMS Industry, unrecoded "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which the person worked. IND is classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time, and is not recoded by IPUMS-International. IND is a 5-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 5 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2001 Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Austria 2011 Bangladesh 1991 Bangladesh 2001 Bangladesh 2011 Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981 Canada 1991-2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 Chile 2017 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 - Spanish Colombia 1973 - Spanish Colombia 1993 - Spanish Colombia 2005 - Spanish Costa Rica 1963 Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d’Ivoire 1988 Cote d’Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 1996 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1966 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1968 - French France 1975-1982 - French France 1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1971 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971 Greece 1981 Greece 1991-2001 Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1971 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 2001 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983 India 1987 India 1993 India 1999 India 2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2000 Indonesia 2005 Indonesia 2010 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2013 Italy Surveys 2014-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 Laos 1995 Laos 2005 Laos 2015 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico surveys 2005-2019 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2006 Nigeria 2007 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970-1980 - Spanish Panama 1990-2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 1995 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991-2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2013 Sierra Leone 2004 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001-2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970-2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 2002 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1985 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 IPUMS Industry 1950 basis, U.S. 000 NIU (not in universe) 105 Agriculture 106 Own farm 116 Forestry 126 Fisheries 136 Hunting 206 Metal mining 216 Coal mining 226 Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction 236 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel 239 Mining, not specified 246 Construction 306 Logging 307 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 308 Miscellaneous wood products 309 Furniture and fixtures 316 Glass and glass products 317 Cement, concrete, gypsum and plaster products 318 Structural clay products 319 Pottery and related products 326 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products 336 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills 337 Other primary iron and steel industries 338 Primary nonferrous industries 346 Fabricated steel products 347 Fabricated nonferrous metal products 348 Not specified metal industries 356 Agricultural machinery and tractors 357 Office and store machines and devices 358 Miscellaneous machinery 367 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies 376 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 377 Aircraft and parts 378 Ship and boat building and repairing 379 Railroad and miscellaneous transportation equipment 386 Professional equipment and supplies 387 Photographic equipment and supplies 388 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devices 399 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 406 Meat products 407 Dairy products 408 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafoods 409 Grain-mill products 416 Bakery products 417 Confectionery and related products 418 Beverage industries 419 Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products 426 Not specified food industries 429 Tobacco manufactures 436 Knitting mills 437 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except knit goods 438 Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings 439 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 446 Miscellaneous textile mill products 448 Apparel and accessories 449 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 456 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 457 Paperboard containers and boxes 458 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 459 Printing, publishing, and allied industries 466 Synthetic fibers 467 Drugs and medicines 468 Paints, varnishes, and related products 469 Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products 476 Petroleum refining 477 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 478 Rubber products 487 Leather: tanned, curried, and finished 488 Footwear, except rubber 489 Leather products, except footwear 499 Not specified manufacturing industries 506 Railroads and railway express service 516 Street railways and bus lines 526 Trucking service 527 Warehousing and storage 536 Taxicab service 546 Water transportation 556 Air transportation 567 Petroleum and gasoline pipe lines 568 Services incidental to transportation 578 Telephone 579 Telegraph 586 Electric light and power 587 Gas and steam supply systems 588 Electric-gas utilities 596 Water supply 597 Sanitary services 598 Other and not specified utilities 606 Motor vehicles and equipment 607 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 608 Dry goods apparel 609 Food and related products 616 Electrical goods, hardware, and plumbing equipment 617 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 618 Petroleum products 619 Farm products--raw materials 626 Miscellaneous wholesale trade 627 Not specified wholesale trade 636 Food stores, except dairy products 637 Dairy products stores and milk retailing 646 General merchandise stores 647 Five and ten cent stores 656 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe 657 Shoe stores 658 Furniture and house furnishing stores 659 Household appliance and radio stores 667 Motor vehicles and accessories retailing 668 Gasoline service stations 669 Drug stores 679 Eating and drinking places 686 Hardware and farm implement stores 687 Lumber and building material retailing 688 Liquor stores 689 Retail florists 696 Jewelry stores 697 Fuel and ice retailing 698 Miscellaneous retail stores 699 Not specified retail trade 716 Banking and credit agencies 726 Security and commodity brokerage and investment companies 736 Insurance 746 Real estate 756 Real estate-insurance-law offices 806 Advertising 807 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 808 Miscellaneous business services 816 Auto repair services and garages 817 Miscellaneous repair services 826 Private households 836 Hotels and lodging places 846 Laundering, cleaning, and dyeing services 847 Dressmaking shops 848 Shoe repair shops 849 Miscellaneous personal services 856 Radio broadcasting and television 857 Theaters and motion pictures 858 Bowling alleys, and billiard and pool parlors 859 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 868 Medical and other health services, except hospitals 869 Hospitals 879 Legal services 888 Educational services 896 Welfare and religious services 897 Nonprofit membership organizations 898 Engineering and architectural services 899 Miscellaneous professional and related services 900 Library, museum, and other related institutions 906 Postal service 916 Federal public administration 926 State public administration 936 Local public administration 946 Public Administration, level not specified 976 Common or General laborer 982 Housework at home 983 School response (students, etc.) 984 Retired 986 Sick or disabled 987 Institution response 991 Lady/Man of leisure 995 Non-industrial response 997 Nonclassifiable 998 Industry not reported IND95US provides a consistent classification of industry across U.S. samples and the 1891 and 1911 censuses of Canada. Industry describes the type of goods or services produced by the place in which a person worked. Note regarding universe: "New workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time who had not yet secured their first job. IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Self-employed 2 Wage/salary worker 3 Unpaid worker 4 Other 9 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Self-employed 101 Self-employed, unincorporated 102 Self-employed, incorporated 110 Employer 111 Sharecropper, employer 120 Working on own account 121 Own account, agriculture 122 Domestic worker, self-employed 123 Subsistence worker, own consumption 124 Own account, other 125 Own account, without temporary/unpaid help 126 Own account, with temporary/unpaid help 130 Member of cooperative 140 Sharecropper 141 Sharecropper, self-employed 142 Sharecropper, employee 150 Kibbutz member 199 Self-employed, not specified 200 Wage/salary worker 201 Management 202 Non-management 203 White collar (non-manual) 204 Blue collar (manual) 205 White or blue collar 206 Day laborer 207 Employee, with a permanent job 208 Employee, occasional, temporary, contract 209 Employee without legal contract 210 Wage/salary worker, private employer 211 Apprentice 212 Religious worker 213 Wage/salary worker, non-profit, NGO 214 White collar, private 215 Blue collar, private 216 Paid family worker 217 Cooperative employee 220 Wage/salary worker, government 221 Federal, government employee 222 State government employee 223 Local government employee 224 White collar, public 225 Blue collar, public 226 Public companies 227 Civil servants, local collectives 230 Domestic worker (work for private household) 240 Seasonal migrant 241 Seasonal migrant, no broker 242 Seasonal migrant, uses broker 250 Other wage and salary 251 Canal zone/commission employee 252 Government employment/training program 253 Mixed state/private enterprise/parastatal 254 Government public work program 255 State enterprise employee 256 Coordinated and continuous collaboration job 300 Unpaid worker 310 Unpaid family worker 320 Apprentice, unpaid or unspecified 330 Trainee 340 Apprentice or trainee 350 Works for others without wage 400 Other 999 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Months worked last year 00 Less than one month 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 12 12 months 98 Not reported/unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) WRKMTHS gives the number of months that the respondent worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Hours worked per week 000 0 hours 001 1 hour 002 2 hours 003 3 hours 004 4 hours 005 5 hours 006 6 hours 007 7 hours 008 8 hours 009 9 hours 010 10 hours 011 11 hours 012 12 hours 013 13 hours 014 14 hours 015 15 hours 016 16 hours 017 17 hours 018 18 hours 019 19 hours 020 20 hours 021 21 hours 022 22 hours 023 23 hours 024 24 hours 025 25 hours 026 26 hours 027 27 hours 028 28 hours 029 29 hours 030 30 hours 031 31 hours 032 32 hours 033 33 hours 034 34 hours 035 35 hours 036 36 hours 037 37 hours 038 38 hours 039 39 hours 040 40 hours 041 41 hours 042 42 hours 043 43 hours 044 44 hours 045 45 hours 046 46 hours 047 47 hours 048 48 hours 049 49 hours 050 50 hours 051 51 hours 052 52 hours 053 53 hours 054 54 hours 055 55 hours 056 56 hours 057 57 hours 058 58 hours 059 59 hours 060 60 hours 061 61 hours 062 62 hours 063 63 hours 064 64 hours 065 65 hours 066 66 hours 067 67 hours 068 68 hours 069 69 hours 070 70 hours 071 71 hours 072 72 hours 073 73 hours 074 74 hours 075 75 hours 076 76 hours 077 77 hours 078 78 hours 079 79 hours 080 80 hours 081 81 hours 082 82 hours 083 83 hours 084 84 hours 085 85 hours 086 86 hours 087 87 hours 088 88 hours 089 89 hours 090 90 hours 091 91 hours 092 92 hours 093 93 hours 094 94 hours 095 95 hours 096 96 hours 097 97 hours 098 98 hours 099 99 hours 100 100 hours 101 101 hours 102 102 hours 103 103 hours 104 104 hours 105 105 hours 106 106 hours 107 107 hours 108 108 hours 109 109 hours 110 110 hours 111 111 hours 112 112 hours 113 113 hours 114 114 hours 115 115 hours 116 116 hours 117 117 hours 118 118 hours 119 119 hours 120 120 hours 121 121 hours 122 122 hours 123 123 hours 124 124 hours 125 125 hours 126 126 hours 127 127 hours 128 128 hours 129 129 hours 130 130 hours 131 131 hours 132 132 hours 133 133 hours 134 134 hours 135 135 hours 136 136 hours 137 137 hours 138 138 hours 139 139 hours 140 140+ hours 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) HRSWORK1 indicates the number of hours the respondent worked per week at all jobs. IPUMS Hours worked per week, categorized None 1 1 to 14 hours (except tt1980, tt1990 and tt2000) 2 15 to 29 hours (except de1970, ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 3 30 to 39 hours (except de1970, ps2017, tt1980, tt1990, tt2000, and ve1971) 4 40-48 hours (except il1972, tt1980, tt1990, and tt2000) 5 49 hours or more (except il1972 and tt2000) 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) HRSWORK2 indicates the number of hours the respondent worked per week at all jobs, categorized into intervals. IPUMS Usual hours worked per week 000 0 hours 001 1 hour 002 2 hours 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140+ hours 997 Inconsistent or irregular work schedule 998 Unknown 999 NIU (Not in universe) HRSUSUAL1 indicates the usual number of hours the respondent works in a typical week across all jobs or in their main job. IPUMS Usual hours worked per week, categorized None 1 1 to 14 hours (except ca1971) 2 15 to 29 hours (except de1970, ca1971) 3 30 to 39 hours (except de1970) 4 40-48 hours (except il1972-1995, ca1971, pt1991-2011) 5 49 hours or more (except il1972 and ca1971) 7 Inconsistent or irregular work schedule 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) HRSUSUAL2 indicates the usual number of hours the respondent worked per week at all jobs or in their main job, categorized into intervals. IPUMS Available to work 1 Yes 2 No 8 Unknown 9 NIU (Not in universe) WRKAVAIL indicates whether a person is available to work (readiness) within a short period of time. IPUMS Means of transportation to work or school 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 None, does not travel to work or school 20 Walking 21 Walks or bicycle 22 Walks, bicycle, or motorcycle 30 Private vehicle 31 Auto, truck, van 32 Auto (driver) 33 Auto (passenger) 34 Auto, motorcycle, moped 35 Motorcycle, moped, or scooter 36 Bicycle 37 Bicycle or motorcycle/moped 38 Boat 40 Public transportation 41 Bus or trolley bus 42 Bus or streetcar 43 Streetcar or trolley car 44 Railroad or train 45 Subway or elevated train 46 Other public transportation 50 Other 51 Taxicab 52 Ferryboat 53 Special transportation (company coach, school bus, etc.) 54 Hired transport 55 Shared private transport 56 Horse or animal-drawn vehicle 57 Other, not elsewhere classified 60 Combination of several means 99 Unknown/missing TRNWRK identifies the primary or usual means of transportation the person took either to work or school. In censuses in which a person could report multiple modes of transportation, TRNWRK includes only the first response. IPUMS Total income INCTOT reports the person's total personal income from all sources in the previous month or year. INCTOT is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes9999998 = Unknown/missing. 9999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Brazil 1991: 9,999,997+ Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Dominican Republic 1981: 3,000+ Dominican Republic 2002: 500,000+ Indonesia 1976: 600,000+ Mexico 1970: 5,500,000+ Panama 2010: 10,000+ Puerto Rico 1980: 50,000+ South Africa 1996: 360,001+ South Africa 2001-2011: 2,457,601+ Trinidad and Tobago 1970: 1,200+ Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 13,000+ U.S.A. 1960: 25,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 75,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 400,000 U.S.A. 2000: 999,998+ Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 2005-2020: -19,998 U.S.A. 1960: -9,900 U.S.A. 1970: -9,900 U.S.A. 1980: -9,995 U.S.A. 1990, 2005-2020: -19,998 U.S.A. 2000: -20,000 IPUMS Earned income INCEARN reports the person's total income from their labor (from wages, a business, or a farm) in the previous month or year. INCEARN is an 8-digit numeric variable. Codes99999998 = Unknown/missing. 99999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Canada 1971: 50,000+ Canada 1981: 75,000+ Canada 2001: 200,000+ Israel 1972: 16,000+ Israel 2008: 275,653+ Mexico 1990: 90,000,000+ Mexico 2000: 999,998+ Mexico 2010-2020: 1,000,000+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Puerto Rico 1990: 999,999+ Puerto Rico 2000: 310,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 284,000 U.S.A. 2000: 310,000+ U.S.A. 2005: 9,999,999+ Venezuela 1971: 2000+ Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 1990-2020: -9,999 U.S.A. 1990: -19,996 U.S.A. 2000-2005, 2015-2020: -9,999 U.S.A. 2010: -9,900 IPUMS Wage and salary income INCWAGE reports the respondent's weekly, monthly or annual wage and salary income. INCWAGE is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes9999998 = Unknown/missing. 9999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Israel 1983: 74,716+ Israel 1995: 20,000+ Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Dominican Republic 1981: 2000+ Germany 1970: 2,500+ Indonesia 1995: 9,999,997+ Italy Surveys 2011-2020: 3000+ Jamaica 1982: 100,000+ Jamaica 1991: 100,000+ Jamaica 2001: 3,000,000+ Panama 1970: 800+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Panama 2010: 10,000+ Puerto Rico 1970-1980: 50,000+ Puerto Rico 1990: 140,000+ Puerto Rico 2000: 175,000+ Puerto Rico 2005: 999,999+ Puerto Rico 2010: 173,000+ Puerto Rico 2015-2020: 99.5th percentile in the state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs.) Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 55,000+ U.S.A. 1960: 25,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 75,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 140,000 U.S.A. 2000: State median of values over 175,000 U.S.A. 2005-2020: 99.5th percentile within each state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs.) IPUMS Self-employment income INCSELF indicates the respondent's monthly or annual income from self-employment (farm and business). INCSELF is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999998 = Unknown/missing. 999999 = NIU (not in universe). Country-specific codes Israel 1995 Top codes:Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Israel 1995: 40,000+ Israel 2008: 279,950+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Panama 2010: 5,000+ Puerto Rico 1980: 50,000 Puerto Rico 1990: 64,146 Puerto Rico 2000: 367,000 (median of values over 126,000) Puerto Rico 2005 - 2020: 99.5th percentile in each state Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 11,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000 U.S.A. 1980: 75,000 U.S.A. 1990: 171,250 U.S.A. 2000: 126,000 (State median of values over 126,000) U.S.A. 2005 - 2020: 99.5th percentile in each state Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 1970: 0. Puerto Rico 1980: -9,995 Puerto Rico 1990: -4,999 Puerto Rico 2000: -10,000 Puerto Rico 2005 - 2020: -9,999 U.S.A. 1970: -9,900 U.S.A. 1980: -9,995 U.S.A. 1990: -9,999 U.S.A. 2000: -10,000 U.S.A. 2005 - 2020: -9,999 IPUMS Income from anti-poverty or welfare programs INCWEL reports the monthly or annual income the respondent received from anti-poverty or welfare programs. INCWEL is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999998 = Unknown/missing. 999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Israel 1995: 3,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 9,995+ U.S.A. 1990: 10,000+ U.S.A. 2000: State mean of values over 12,300 Puerto Rico 2000: 21,000+ IPUMS Retirement or pension income INCRET reports the amount of income the respondent received from a retirement program or account, or from a pension. The amounts are provided on a monthly or annual basis, depending on the sample. INCRET is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999998 = Unknown/missing. 999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Panama 2000: 9997+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 30,000 U.S.A. 2000: State median of values over 52,000 U.S.A. 2005: State median of values over 41,000 U.S.A. 2010-2020: 99.5th percentile within each state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs). Puerto Rico 1990: State median of values over 20,000 Puerto Rico 2000: Mean of values over 52,000 Puerto Rico 2005: Mean of values above the 99.5th percentile Puerto Rico 2010: 47,400+ Puerto Rico 2015, 2020: 99.5th percentile within the state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs). Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 4000+ IPUMS Migration status, 5 years 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Same major administrative unit 11 Same major, same minor administrative unit 12 Same major, different minor administrative unit 20 Different major administrative unit 30 Abroad 99 Unknown/missing MIGRATE5 indicates the person's place of residence 5 years ago. The first digit records movement across major administrative divisions and countries. The second digit reports movement across minor administrative divisions, for samples in which that detail is available. IPUMS 1st subnational geographic level of residence 5 years prior to survey, world [consistent boundaries over time] 032002 City of Buenos Aires [Province: Argentina] 032006 Buenos Aires province [Province: Argentina] 032010 Catamarca [Province: Argentina] 032014 Córdoba [Province: Argentina] 032018 Corrientes [Province: Argentina] 032022 Chaco [Province: Argentina] 032026 Chubut [Province: Argentina] 032030 Entre Ríos [Province: Argentina] 032034 Formosa [Province: Argentina] 032038 Jujuy [Province: Argentina] 032042 La Pampa [Province: Argentina] 032046 La Rioja [Province: Argentina] 032050 Mendoza [Province: Argentina] 032054 Misiones [Province: Argentina] 032058 Neuquén [Province: Argentina] 032062 Río Negro [Province: Argentina] 032066 Salta [Province: Argentina] 032070 San Juan [Province: Argentina] 032074 San Luis [Province: Argentina] 032078 Santa Cruz [Province: Argentina] 032082 Santa Fe [Province: Argentina] 032086 Santiago del Estero [Province: Argentina] 032090 Tucumán [Province: Argentina] 032094 Tierra del Fuego [Province: Argentina] 032096 Argentina, unknown [Province: Argentina] 032097 Foreign country [Province: Argentina] 032098 Unknown [Province: Argentina] 032999 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Argentina] 068001 Chuquisaca [Department: Bolivia] 068002 La Paz [Department: Bolivia] 068003 Cochabamba [Department: Bolivia] 068004 Oruro [Department: Bolivia] 068005 Potosí [Department: Bolivia] 068006 Tarija [Department: Bolivia] 068007 Santa Cruz [Department: Bolivia] 068008 Beni [Department: Bolivia] 068009 Pando [Department: Bolivia] 068096 Bolivia, province unknown [Department: Bolivia] 068097 Foreign country [Department: Bolivia] 068098 Unknown [Department: Bolivia] 068099 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Bolivia] 072001 Gaborone [District: Botswana] 072002 Francistown [District: Botswana] 072003 Lobatse [District: Botswana] 072004 Selebi Phikwe [District: Botswana] 072007 Central Tutume, Sowa [District: Botswana] 072010 Ngwaketse, Ngwaketse West, Ngwaketse Southern, Southern, Jwaneng [District: Botswana] 072011 Borolong [District: Botswana] 072020 South East [District: Botswana] 072030 Kweneng, Kweneng South, Kweneng North [District: Botswana] 072040 Kgatleng [District: Botswana] 072050 Central Serowe/Palapye [District: Botswana] 072051 Central Mahalapye [District: Botswana] 072052 Central Bobonong [District: Botswana] 072053 Central Boteti, Orapa [District: Botswana] 072060 North East [District: Botswana] 072070 Ngamiland East [District: Botswana] 072071 Ngamiland West, Delta [District: Botswana] 072072 Chobe [District: Botswana] 072080 Ghanzi, Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR) [District: Botswana] 072090 Tshabong (Kgalagadi South) [District: Botswana] 072091 Hukunsti (Kgalagadi North) [District: Botswana] 072092 Botswana, district unknown [District: Botswana] 072097 Abroad [District: Botswana] 072098 Unknown [District: Botswana] 072099 NIU (not in universe) [District: Botswana] 076011 Rondônia [State: Brazil] 076012 Acre [State: Brazil] 076013 Amazonas [State: Brazil] 076014 Roraima [State: Brazil] 076015 Pará [State: Brazil] 076016 Amapá [State: Brazil] 076021 Maranhão [State: Brazil] 076022 Piauí [State: Brazil] 076023 Ceará [State: Brazil] 076024 Rio Grande do Norte [State: Brazil] 076025 Paraíba [State: Brazil] 076026 Pernambuco, Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha [State: Brazil] 076027 Alagoas [State: Brazil] 076028 Sergipe [State: Brazil] 076029 Bahia [State: Brazil] 076031 Minas Gerais [State: Brazil] 076032 Espírito Santo [State: Brazil] 076033 Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara [State: Brazil] 076035 São Paulo [State: Brazil] 076036 Serra dos Aimorés [State: Brazil] 076041 Paraná [State: Brazil] 076042 Santa Catarina [State: Brazil] 076043 Rio Grande do Sul [State: Brazil] 076051 Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso [State: Brazil] 076052 Goiás, Tocantins [State: Brazil] 076053 Distrito Federal [State: Brazil] 076054 Brazil, unspecified [State: Brazil] 076097 Abroad [State: Brazil] 076098 Unknown [State: Brazil] 076099 NIU (not in universe) [State: Brazil] 120002 Centre, Sud [Province: Cameroon] 120003 Est [Province: Cameroon] 120004 Nord, Adamoua, Extrème Nord [Province: Cameroon] 120005 Littoral [Province: Cameroon] 120007 Nord Ouest [Province: Cameroon] 120008 Ouest [Province: Cameroon] 120010 Sud Ouest [Province: Cameroon] 120096 Cameroon - unknown arrondissement [Province: Cameroon] 120097 Foreign country [Province: Cameroon] 120098 Unknown [Province: Cameroon] 120099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Cameroon] 124010 Newfoundland and Labrador [Province: Canada] 124011 Prince Edward Island, Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, Nunavut [Province: Canada] 124012 Nova Scotia [Province: Canada] 124013 New Brunswick [Province: Canada] 124024 Quebec [Province: Canada] 124035 Ontario [Province: Canada] 124046 Manitoba [Province: Canada] 124047 Saskatchewan [Province: Canada] 124048 Alberta [Province: Canada] 124059 British Columbia [Province: Canada] 124099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Canada] 152014 Iquique, Tamarugal [Province: Chile] 152021 Antofagasta [Province: Chile] 152022 El Loa [Province: Chile] 152023 Tocopilla [Province: Chile] 152031 Copiapó [Province: Chile] 152032 Chañaral [Province: Chile] 152033 Huasco [Province: Chile] 152041 Elqui [Province: Chile] 152042 Choapa [Province: Chile] 152043 Limarí [Province: Chile] 152051 Valparaíso, Quillota, Marga Marga, Isla de Pascua [Province: Chile] 152053 Los Andes [Province: Chile] 152054 Petorca [Province: Chile] 152056 San Antonio [Province: Chile] 152057 San Felipe de Aconcagüa [Province: Chile] 152061 Cachapoal [Province: Chile] 152062 Cardenal Caro [Province: Chile] 152063 Colchagua [Province: Chile] 152071 Talca [Province: Chile] 152072 Cauquenes [Province: Chile] 152073 Curicó [Province: Chile] 152074 Linares [Province: Chile] 152081 Concepción [Province: Chile] 152082 Arauco [Province: Chile] 152083 Biobío [Province: Chile] 152091 Cautín [Province: Chile] 152092 Malleco [Province: Chile] 152101 Llanquihue [Province: Chile] 152102 Chiloé, Palena [Province: Chile] 152103 Osorno [Province: Chile] 152111 Coihaique [Province: Chile] 152112 Aisén, General Carrera, Capitan Prat [Province: Chile] 152121 Magallanes, Tierra del Fuego, Antártica Chilena [Province: Chile] 152124 Última Esperanza [Province: Chile] 152131 Santiago [Province: Chile] 152132 Cordillera [Province: Chile] 152133 Chacabuco [Province: Chile] 152134 Maipo [Province: Chile] 152135 Melipilla [Province: Chile] 152136 Talagante [Province: Chile] 152141 Valdivia, Ranco [Province: Chile] 152151 Arica, Parinacota [Province: Chile] 152163 Diguillín, Itata, Punilla [Province: Chile] 152997 Foreign country [Province: Chile] 152998 Unknown [Province: Chile] 152999 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Chile] 156011 Beijing [Province: China] 156012 Tianjin [Province: China] 156013 Hebei [Province: China] 156014 Shanxi [Province: China] 156015 Inner Mongolia [Province: China] 156021 Liaoning [Province: China] 156022 Jilin [Province: China] 156023 Heilongjiang [Province: China] 156031 Shanghai [Province: China] 156032 Jiangsu [Province: China] 156033 Zhejiang [Province: China] 156034 Anhui [Province: China] 156035 Fujian [Province: China] 156036 Jiangxi [Province: China] 156037 Shandong [Province: China] 156041 Henan [Province: China] 156042 Hubei [Province: China] 156043 Hunan [Province: China] 156044 Guangdong, Hainan [Province: China] 156045 Guangxi [Province: China] 156051 Sichuan, Chongqing [Province: China] 156052 Guizhou [Province: China] 156053 Yunnan [Province: China] 156054 Tibet [Province: China] 156061 Shaanxi [Province: China] 156062 Gansu [Province: China] 156063 Qinghai [Province: China] 156064 Ningxia [Province: China] 156065 Xinjiang [Province: China] 156071 Taiwan [China] 156072 Hong Kong [China] 156073 Macao [China] 156097 Other countries [Province: China] 156099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: China] 170005 Antioquia [Department: Colombia] 170008 Atlántico [Department: Colombia] 170011 Bogotá D.C., Cundinamarca [Department: Colombia] 170013 Bolívar, Sucre [Department: Colombia] 170015 Boyacá, Casanare [Department: Colombia] 170018 Caquetá [Department: Colombia] 170019 Cauca [Department: Colombia] 170023 Córdoba [Department: Colombia] 170027 Chocó [Department: Colombia] 170041 Huila [Department: Colombia] 170044 La Guajira [Department: Colombia] 170050 Meta [Department: Colombia] 170052 Nariño [Department: Colombia] 170054 Cesar, Norte De Santander, Magdalena [Department: Colombia] 170066 Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda [Department: Colombia] 170068 Santander [Department: Colombia] 170073 Tolima [Department: Colombia] 170076 Valle Del Cauca [Department: Colombia] 170081 Arauca [Department: Colombia] 170086 Putumayo [Department: Colombia] 170088 Archipiélago De San Andrés Y Providencia [Department: Colombia] 170095 Amazonas, Guaviare, Vaupés, Vichada, Guainía [Department: Colombia] 170097 Abroad, [Department: Colombia] 170098 Unknown, [Department: Colombia] 170099 NIU (not in universe), [Department: Colombia] 188001 San José [Province: Costa Rica] 188002 Alajuela [Province: Costa Rica] 188003 Cartago [Province: Costa Rica] 188004 Heredia [Province: Costa Rica] 188005 Guanacaste [Province: Costa Rica] 188006 Puntarenas [Province: Costa Rica] 188007 Limón [Province: Costa Rica] 188097 Foreign country [Province: Costa Rica] 188098 Unknown [Province: Costa Rica] 188099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Costa Rica] 214001 Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo [Province: Dominican Republic] 214002 Azua [Province: Dominican Republic] 214003 Baoruco, Barahona, Independencia [Province: Dominican Republic] 214005 Dajabón [Province: Dominican Republic] 214006 Duarte [Province: Dominican Republic] 214007 Elías Piña [Province: Dominican Republic] 214008 El Seibo, Hato Mayor [Province: Dominican Republic] 214009 Espaillat [Province: Dominican Republic] 214011 La Altagracia, La Romana [Province: Dominican Republic] 214013 Monseñor Nouel, La Vega [Province: Dominican Republic] 214014 María Trinidad Sánchez [Province: Dominican Republic] 214015 Monte Cristi [Province: Dominican Republic] 214016 Pedernales [Province: Dominican Republic] 214017 San José de Ocoa, Peravia [Province: Dominican Republic] 214018 Puerto Plata, Santiago [Province: Dominican Republic] 214019 Hermanas Mirabal [Province: Dominican Republic] 214020 Samaná [Province: Dominican Republic] 214021 San Cristóbal, Monte Plata [Province: Dominican Republic] 214022 San Juan [Province: Dominican Republic] 214023 San Pedro De Macorís [Province: Dominican Republic] 214024 Sánchez Ramírez [Province: Dominican Republic] 214026 Santiago Rodríguez [Province: Dominican Republic] 214027 Valverde [Province: Dominican Republic] 214097 Foreign country [Province: Dominican Republic] 214098 Unknown [Province: Dominican Republic] 214099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Dominican Republic] 218001 Azuay [Province: Ecuador] 218002 Bolívar [Province: Ecuador] 218004 Carchi [Province: Ecuador] 218005 Cotopaxi [Province: Ecuador] 218006 Chimborazo [Province: Ecuador] 218007 El Oro [Province: Ecuador] 218009 Cañar, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Manabí, Manga del Cura [Disputed canton], Pichincha, El Piedrero [Disputed canton], Los Ríos, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de las Tsáchilas, Galápagos [Province: Ecuador] 218010 Imbabura, Las Golondrinas [Disputed canton] [Province: Ecuador] 218011 Loja [Province: Ecuador] 218014 Morona Santiago [Province: Ecuador] 218016 Pastaza [Province: Ecuador] 218018 Tungurahua [Province: Ecuador] 218019 Zamora Chinchipe [Province: Ecuador] 218021 Napo, Orellana, Sucumbíos [Province: Ecuador] 218097 Foreign country [Province: Ecuador] 218098 Unknown and Disputed Zones [Province: Ecuador] 218999 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Ecuador] 242001 Central [Province: Fiji] 242002 Eastern [Province: Fiji] 242003 Northern [Province: Fiji] 242004 Western [Province: Fiji] 242097 Foreign country [Province: Fiji] 242098 Unknown [Province: Fiji] 242999 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Fiji] 288001 Western [Region: Ghana] 288002 Central [Region: Ghana] 288003 Greater Accra [Region: Ghana] 288004 Volta [Region: Ghana] 288005 Eastern [Region: Ghana] 288006 Ashanti [Region: Ghana] 288007 Brong Ahafo [Region: Ghana] 288008 Northern [Region: Ghana] 288009 Upper East [Region: Ghana] 288010 Upper West [Region: Ghana] 288098 Unknown [Region: Ghana] 288099 NIU (not in universe) [Region: Ghana] 300001 Etolia and Akarnania [Department: Greece] 300003 Viotia [Department: Greece] 300004 Evia [Department: Greece] 300005 Evrytania [Department: Greece] 300006 Fthiotida [Department: Greece] 300007 Fokida [Department: Greece] 300011 Argolida [Department: Greece] 300012 Arkadia [Department: Greece] 300013 Achaia [Department: Greece] 300014 Ilia [Department: Greece] 300015 Korinthia [Department: Greece] 300016 Lakonia [Department: Greece] 300017 Messinia [Department: Greece] 300021 Zakynthos [Department: Greece] 300022 Kerkyra [Department: Greece] 300023 Kefallinia [Department: Greece] 300024 Lefkada [Department: Greece] 300031 Arta [Department: Greece] 300032 Thesprotia [Department: Greece] 300033 Ioannina [Department: Greece] 300034 Preveza [Department: Greece] 300041 Karditsa [Department: Greece] 300042 Larissa [Department: Greece] 300043 Magnissia [Department: Greece] 300044 Trikala [Department: Greece] 300051 Grevena [Department: Greece] 300052 Drama [Department: Greece] 300053 Imathia [Department: Greece] 300054 Thessaloniki [Department: Greece] 300055 Kavala [Department: Greece] 300056 Kastoria [Department: Greece] 300057 Kilkis [Department: Greece] 300058 Kozani [Department: Greece] 300059 Pella [Department: Greece] 300061 Pieria [Department: Greece] 300062 Serres [Department: Greece] 300063 Florina [Department: Greece] 300064 Chalkidiki and Agion Oros [Department: Greece] 300071 Evros [Department: Greece] 300072 Xanthi [Department: Greece] 300073 Rodopi [Department: Greece] 300081 Dodekanissos [Department: Greece] 300082 Kyklades [Department: Greece] 300083 Lesvos [Department: Greece] 300084 Samos [Department: Greece] 300085 Chios [Department: Greece] 300091 Iraklio [Department: Greece] 300092 Lassithi [Department: Greece] 300093 Rethymno [Department: Greece] 300094 Chania [Department: Greece] 300101 Prefecture of Athens [Department: Greece] 300102 Prefecture of East Attiki [Department: Greece] 300103 Prefecture of West Attiki [Department: Greece] 300104 Prefecture of Pireas [Department: Greece] 300996 Foreign country [Department: Greece] 300997 Response suppressed [Department: Greece] 300998 Unknown [Department: Greece] 300999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Greece] 320001 Guatemala [Department: Guatemala] 320002 El Progreso [Department: Guatemala] 320003 Sacatepéquez [Department: Guatemala] 320004 Chimaltenango [Department: Guatemala] 320005 Escuintla [Department: Guatemala] 320006 Santa Rosa [Department: Guatemala] 320007 Sololá [Department: Guatemala] 320008 Totonicapán [Department: Guatemala] 320009 Quetzaltenango [Department: Guatemala] 320010 Suchitepéquez [Department: Guatemala] 320011 Retalhuleu [Department: Guatemala] 320012 San Marcos [Department: Guatemala] 320013 Huehuetenango [Department: Guatemala] 320014 Quiché [Department: Guatemala] 320015 Baja Verapaz [Department: Guatemala] 320016 Alta Verapaz [Department: Guatemala] 320017 Petén [Department: Guatemala] 320018 Izabal [Department: Guatemala] 320019 Zacapa [Department: Guatemala] 320020 Chiquimula [Department: Guatemala] 320021 Jalapa [Department: Guatemala] 320022 Jutiapa [Department: Guatemala] 320097 Foreign Country [Department: Guatemala] 320098 Unknown [Department: Guatemala] 320099 NIU [Department: Guatemala] 332003 Nord (North) and Nord'est (North East) [Department: Haiti] 332006 Centre (Central), L'Artibonite, Ouest (West), Sud'Est (South East) [Department: Haiti] 332007 Grand'Anse, Nippes, Sud (South) [Department: Haiti] 332009 Nord'Ouest (North West) [Department: Haiti] 332097 Foreign Country [Department: Haiti] 332098 Unknown [Department: Haiti] 332099 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Haiti] 340001 Atlántida [Department: Honduras] 340002 Colón [Department: Honduras] 340003 Comayagua [Department: Honduras] 340004 Copán [Department: Honduras] 340005 Cortés [Department: Honduras] 340006 Choluteca [Department: Honduras] 340007 El Paraíso [Department: Honduras] 340008 Francisco Morazán [Department: Honduras] 340009 Gracias a Dios [Department: Honduras] 340010 Intibucá [Department: Honduras] 340011 Islas de la Bahía [Department: Honduras] 340012 La Paz [Department: Honduras] 340013 Lempira [Department: Honduras] 340014 Ocotepeque [Department: Honduras] 340015 Olancho [Department: Honduras] 340016 Santa Bárbara [Department: Honduras] 340017 Valle [Department: Honduras] 340018 Yoro [Department: Honduras] 340097 Abroad [Department: Honduras] 340098 Unknown [Department: Honduras] 340999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Honduras] 360011 Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam [Province: Indonesia] 360012 Sumatera Utara [Province: Indonesia] 360013 Sumatera Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360014 Kepulauan Riau, Riau [Province: Indonesia] 360015 Jambi [Province: Indonesia] 360016 Bangka Belitung, Sumatera Selatan [Province: Indonesia] 360017 Bengkulu [Province: Indonesia] 360018 Lampung [Province: Indonesia] 360031 DKI Jakarta [Province: Indonesia] 360032 Banten, Jawa Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360033 Jawa Tengah [Province: Indonesia] 360034 DKI Yogyakarta [Province: Indonesia] 360035 Jawa Timur [Province: Indonesia] 360051 Bali [Province: Indonesia] 360052 Nusa Tenggara Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360053 Nusa Tenggara Timur [Province: Indonesia] 360061 Kalimantan Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360062 Kalimantan Tengah [Province: Indonesia] 360063 Kalimantan Selatan [Province: Indonesia] 360064 Kalimantan Timur [Province: Indonesia] 360071 Gorontalo, Sulawesi Utara [Province: Indonesia] 360072 Sulawesi Tengah [Province: Indonesia] 360073 Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan [Province: Indonesia] 360074 Sulawesi Tenggara [Province: Indonesia] 360081 Maluku, Maluku Utara [Province: Indonesia] 360094 Papua, Papua Barat [Province: Indonesia] 360097 Abroad [Province: Indonesia] 360098 Unknown [Province: Indonesia] 360099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Indonesia] 360626 East Timor [Province: Indonesia] 376001 Jerusalem [District: Israel] 376002 Northern [District: Israel] 376003 Haifa [District: Israel] 376004 Central [District: Israel] 376005 Tel-Aviv [District: Israel] 376006 Southern [District: Israel] 376071 Golan [District: Israel] 376072 Judea, Samaria and Gaza areas [District: Israel] 376098 Unknown [District: Israel] 376099 NIU (not in universe) [District: Israel] 458001 Johor [State: Malaysia] 458002 Kedah [State: Malaysia] 458003 Kelantan [State: Malaysia] 458004 Melaka [State: Malaysia] 458005 Negeri Sembilan [State: Malaysia] 458006 Pahang [State: Malaysia] 458007 Pulau Pinang [State: Malaysia] 458008 Perak [State: Malaysia] 458009 Perlis [State: Malaysia] 458010 Selangor, Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory [State: Malaysia] 458011 Terengganu [State: Malaysia] 458012 Sabah, Labuan Federal Territory [State: Malaysia] 458013 Sarawak [State: Malaysia] 458097 Other countries [State: Malaysia] 458098 Unknown [State: Malaysia] 480011 Port Louis [District: Mauritius] 480012 Pamplemousses [District: Mauritius] 480013 Rivière du Rempart [District: Mauritius] 480014 Flacq [District: Mauritius] 480015 Grand Port [District: Mauritius] 480016 Savanne [District: Mauritius] 480017 Plaines Wilhems [District: Mauritius] 480018 Moka [District: Mauritius] 480019 Black River [District: Mauritius] 480020 Rodrigues, Agaléga Islands, Saint Brandon [District: Mauritius] 480097 Abroad [District: Mauritius] 480098 Unknown [District: Mauritius] 480099 NIU [District: Mauritius] 484001 Aguascalientes [State: Mexico] 484002 Baja California [State: Mexico] 484003 Baja California Sur [State: Mexico] 484004 Campeche [State: Mexico] 484005 Coahuila de Zaragoza [State: Mexico] 484006 Colima [State: Mexico] 484007 Chiapas [State: Mexico] 484008 Chihuahua [State: Mexico] 484009 Distrito Federal [State: Mexico] 484010 Durango [State: Mexico] 484011 Guanajuato [State: Mexico] 484012 Guerrero [State: Mexico] 484013 Hidalgo [State: Mexico] 484014 Jalisco [State: Mexico] 484015 México [State: Mexico] 484016 Michoacán de Ocampo [State: Mexico] 484017 Morelos [State: Mexico] 484018 Nayarit [State: Mexico] 484019 Nuevo León [State: Mexico] 484020 Oaxaca [State: Mexico] 484021 Puebla [State: Mexico] 484022 Querétaro [State: Mexico] 484023 Quintana Roo [State: Mexico] 484024 San Luis Potosí [State: Mexico] 484025 Sinaloa [State: Mexico] 484026 Sonora [State: Mexico] 484027 Tabasco [State: Mexico] 484028 Tamaulipas [State: Mexico] 484029 Tlaxcala [State: Mexico] 484030 Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave [State: Mexico] 484031 Yucatán [State: Mexico] 484032 Zacatecas [State: Mexico] 484097 Abroad [State: Mexico] 484098 Unknown [State: Mexico] 484099 NIU (not in universe) [State: Mexico] 496001 Arkhangai [Province: Mongolia] 496002 Bayan-Olgii [Province: Mongolia] 496003 Bayankhongor [Province: Mongolia] 496004 Bulgan [Province: Mongolia] 496005 Govi-Altai [Province: Mongolia] 496006 Dornogovi, Govisumber [Province: Mongolia] 496007 Dornod [Province: Mongolia] 496008 Dundgovi [Province: Mongolia] 496009 Zavkhan [Province: Mongolia] 496010 Ovorkhangai [Province: Mongolia] 496011 Omnogovi [Province: Mongolia] 496012 Sukhbaatar [Province: Mongolia] 496013 Selenge [Province: Mongolia] 496014 Tov [Province: Mongolia] 496015 Uvs [Province: Mongolia] 496016 Khovd [Province: Mongolia] 496017 Khovsgol [Province: Mongolia] 496018 Khentii [Province: Mongolia] 496019 Darkhan-Uul [Province: Mongolia] 496020 Ulaanbaatar [Province: Mongolia] 496021 Orkhon [Province: Mongolia] 496097 Abroad [Province: Mongolia] 496098 Unknown [Province: Mongolia] 496099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Mongolia] 508001 Niassa [Province: Mozambique] 508002 Cabo Delgado [Province: Mozambique] 508003 Nampula [Province: Mozambique] 508004 Zambézia [Province: Mozambique] 508005 Tete [Province: Mozambique] 508006 Manica [Province: Mozambique] 508007 Sofala [Province: Mozambique] 508008 Inhambane [Province: Mozambique] 508009 Gaza [Province: Mozambique] 508010 Maputo province [Province: Mozambique] 508011 Maputo city [Province: Mozambique] 508097 Foreign Country [Province: Mozambique][Province: Mozambique] 508098 Unknown [Province: Mozambique] 508099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Mozambique] 524001 Mechi [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524002 Koshi [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524003 Sagarmatha [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524004 Janakpur [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524005 Bagmati [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524006 Narayani [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524007 Gandaki [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524008 Dhawalagiri [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524009 Lumbini [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524010 Rapti [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524011 Bheri [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524012 Karnali [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524013 Seti [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524014 Mahakali [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524097 Foreign Country [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524098 Unknown [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 524099 NIU [Administrative Zone: Nepal] 558005 Nueva Segovia, Jinotega [Department: Nicaragua] 558020 Madriz [Department: Nicaragua] 558025 Estelí, León [Department: Nicaragua] 558030 Chinandega [Department: Nicaragua] 558040 Matagalpa, Atlantico Norte, Atlantico Sur, Zelaya [Department: Nicaragua] 558050 Boaco [Department: Nicaragua] 558055 Managua, Masaya [Department: Nicaragua] 558065 Chontales [Department: Nicaragua] 558070 Granada [Department: Nicaragua] 558075 Carazo [Department: Nicaragua] 558080 Rivas [Department: Nicaragua] 558085 Río San Juan [Department: Nicaragua] 558097 Abroad [Department: Nicaragua] 558098 Unknown [Department: Nicaragua] 558999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Nicaragua] 598001 Western [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598002 Gulf [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598003 Central [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598004 National Capital District [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598005 Milne Bay [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598006 Northern [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598007 Southern Highlands, Hela [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598008 Enga [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598009 Western Highlands, Jiwaka [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598010 Chimbu [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598011 Eastern Highlands [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598012 Morobe [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598013 Madang [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598014 East Sepik [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598015 West Sepik [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598016 Manus [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598017 New Ireland [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598018 East New Britain [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598019 West New Britain [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598020 Autonomous Region of Bougainville [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598097 Foreign country [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598098 Unknown [Province: Papua New Guinea] 598099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Papua New Guinea] 600001 Concepción [Department: Paraguay] 600002 San Pedro [Department: Paraguay] 600003 Cordillera [Department: Paraguay] 600004 Guaira [Department: Paraguay] 600005 Caaguazú, Canindeyú, Alto Paraná [Department: Paraguay] 600006 Caazapá [Department: Paraguay] 600007 Itapúa [Department: Paraguay] 600008 Misiones, Ñeembucú [Department: Paraguay] 600009 Paraguarí [Department: Paraguay] 600011 Central [Department: Paraguay] 600013 Amambay [Department: Paraguay] 600015 Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Presidente Hayes [Department: Paraguay] 600019 Asunción [Department: Paraguay] 600097 Foreign Country [Department: Paraguay] 600098 Unknown [Department: Paraguay] 600999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Paraguay] 604001 Amazonas [Department: Peru] 604002 Ancash [Department: Peru] 604003 Apurímac [Department: Peru] 604004 Arequipa [Department: Peru] 604005 Ayacucho [Department: Peru] 604006 Cajamarca [Department: Peru] 604007 Callao [Department: Peru] 604008 Cusco [Department: Peru] 604009 Huancavelica [Department: Peru] 604010 Huánuco [Department: Peru] 604011 Ica [Department: Peru] 604012 Junín [Department: Peru] 604013 La Libertad [Department: Peru] 604014 Lambayeque [Department: Peru] 604015 Lima [Department: Peru] 604016 Loreto [Department: Peru] 604017 Madre de Dios [Department: Peru] 604018 Moquegua [Department: Peru] 604019 Pasco [Department: Peru] 604020 Piura [Department: Peru] 604021 Puno [Department: Peru] 604022 San Martín [Department: Peru] 604023 Tacna [Department: Peru] 604024 Tumbes [Department: Peru] 604025 Ucayali [Department: Peru] 604097 Abroad [Department: Peru] 604099 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Peru] 608001 Abra [Province: Philippines] 608002 Agusan del norte [Province: Philippines] 608003 Agusan del sur [Province: Philippines] 608004 Aklan [Province: Philippines] 608005 Albay [Province: Philippines] 608006 Antique [Province: Philippines] 608007 Basilan, City Of Isabela [Province: Philippines] 608008 Bataan [Province: Philippines] 608010 Batangas [Province: Philippines] 608011 Benguet [Province: Philippines] 608012 Bohol [Province: Philippines] 608013 Bukidnon [Province: Philippines] 608014 Bulacan [Province: Philippines] 608015 Cagayan, Batanes [Province: Philippines] 608016 Camarines norte [Province: Philippines] 608017 Camarines Sur [Province: Philippines] 608018 Camiguin [Province: Philippines] 608019 Capiz [Province: Philippines] 608020 Catanduanes [Province: Philippines] 608021 Cavite [Province: Philippines] 608022 Cebu [Province: Philippines] 608023 Davao (Davao del Norte) [Province: Philippines] 608024 Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental [Province: Philippines] 608025 Davao Oriental [Province: Philippines] 608026 Eastern Samar [Province: Philippines] 608027 Ifugao [Province: Philippines] 608028 Ilocos Norte [Province: Philippines] 608029 Ilocos Sur [Province: Philippines] 608030 Iloilo, Guimaras [Province: Philippines] 608031 Isabela [Province: Philippines] 608032 Kalinga-Apayao, Apayo, Kalinga [Province: Philippines] 608033 La Union [Province: Philippines] 608034 Laguna [Province: Philippines] 608035 Lanao del Norte [Province: Philippines] 608036 Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Marawi City and Cotabato city [Province: Philippines] 608037 Leyte, Biliran [Province: Philippines] 608039 Manila [Province: Philippines] 608040 Marinduque [Province: Philippines] 608041 Masbate [Province: Philippines] 608042 Misamis Occidental [Province: Philippines] 608043 Misamis Oriental [Province: Philippines] 608044 Mountain Province [Province: Philippines] 608045 Negros Occidental [Province: Philippines] 608046 Negros Oriental [Province: Philippines] 608047 Cotabato (North Cotabato) [Province: Philippines] 608048 Northern Samar [Province: Philippines] 608049 Nueva Ecija [Province: Philippines] 608050 Nueva Vizcaya [Province: Philippines] 608051 Occidental Mindoro [Province: Philippines] 608052 Oriental Mindoro [Province: Philippines] 608053 Palawan [Province: Philippines] 608054 Pampanga [Province: Philippines] 608055 Pangasinan [Province: Philippines] 608056 Quezon [Province: Philippines] 608057 Quirino [Province: Philippines] 608058 Rizal [Province: Philippines] 608059 Romblon [Province: Philippines] 608060 Samar (Western Samar) [Province: Philippines] 608061 Siquijor [Province: Philippines] 608062 Sorsogon [Province: Philippines] 608063 South Cotabato, Sarangani [Province: Philippines] 608064 Southern Leyte [Province: Philippines] 608065 Sultan Kudarat [Province: Philippines] 608066 Sulu [Province: Philippines] 608067 Surigao Del Norte, Dinagat islands [Province: Philippines] 608068 Surigao del Sur [Province: Philippines] 608069 Tarlac [Province: Philippines] 608070 Tawi-Tawi [Province: Philippines] 608071 Zambales [Province: Philippines] 608072 Zamboanga Norte [Province: Philippines] 608073 Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay [Province: Philippines] 608074 Manila Metro, 2nd District [Province: Philippines] 608075 Manila Metro, 3rd District [Province: Philippines] 608076 Manila Metro, 4th District [Province: Philippines] 608077 Aurora [Province: Philippines] 608097 Foreign country [Province: Philippines] 608098 Unknown [Province: Philippines] 608099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: Philippines] 620111 Minho-Lima [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620112 Cávado [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620113 Ave [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620114 Grande Porto [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620115 Tâmega [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620116 Entre Douro e Vouga [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620117 Douro [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620118 Alto Trás-os-Montes [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620150 Algarve [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620161 Baixo Vouga [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620162 Baixo Mondego [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620163 Pinhal Litoral [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620165 Dão-Lafões [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620166 Oeste [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620167 Médio Tejo [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620169 Other Center [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620171 Grande Lisboa [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620172 Península de Setúbal [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620185 Lezíria do Tejo [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620189 Other Alentejo [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620200 Região Autónoma dos Açores [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620300 Região Autónoma da Madeira [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620998 Foreign country [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 620999 NIU (not in universe) [Subregion (NUTS-3): Portugal] 686001 Dakar [Region: Senegal] 686002 Ziguinchor [Region: Senegal] 686003 Diourbel [Region: Senegal] 686004 Saint Louis, Louga, Matam [Region: Senegal] 686005 Tambacounda, Kedougou [Region: Senegal] 686006 Kaolack, Fatick, Kaffrine [Region: Senegal] 686007 Thiès [Region: Senegal] 686010 Kolda, Sedhiou [Region: Senegal] 686097 Abroad [Region: Senegal] 686098 Unknown [Region: Senegal] 686099 NIU (not in universe) [Region: Senegal] 694011 Kailahun [District: Sierra Leone] 694012 Kenema [District: Sierra Leone] 694013 Kono [District: Sierra Leone] 694021 Bombali [District: Sierra Leone] 694022 Kambia [District: Sierra Leone] 694023 Koinadugu [District: Sierra Leone] 694024 Port Loko [District: Sierra Leone] 694025 Tonkolili [District: Sierra Leone] 694031 Bo [District: Sierra Leone] 694032 Bonthe [District: Sierra Leone] 694033 Moyamba [District: Sierra Leone] 694034 Pujehun [District: Sierra Leone] 694041 Western Rural [District: Sierra Leone] 694042 Western Urban [District: Sierra Leone] 694097 Abroad [District: Sierra Leone] 694098 Unknown [District: Sierra Leone] 694099 NIU [District: Sierra Leone] 704001 Th nh Phố H Nội, Vĩnh Phúc, Ho Bình, Phú Thọ [Province: Vietnam] 704002 H Giang, Tuyên Quang [Province: Vietnam] 704003 Cao Bằng, Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên [Province: Vietnam] 704010 L o Cai, Điện Biên, Lai Châu, Yên Bái [Province: Vietnam] 704014 Sơn La [Province: Vietnam] 704020 Lạng Sơn [Province: Vietnam] 704022 Quảng Ninh [Province: Vietnam] 704024 Bắc Giang, Bắc Ninh [Province: Vietnam] 704030 Hải Dương, Hưng Yên [Province: Vietnam] 704031 Th nh Phố Hải Phòng [Province: Vietnam] 704034 Thái Bình [Province: Vietnam] 704035 H Nam, Nam Định, Ninh Bình [Province: Vietnam] 704038 Thanh Hoá [Province: Vietnam] 704040 Nghệ An, H Tĩnh [Province: Vietnam] 704044 Quảng Bình [Province: Vietnam] 704045 Quảng Trị [Province: Vietnam] 704046 Thừa Thiên Huế [Province: Vietnam] 704048 Th nh Phố Đ Nẵng, Quảng Nam [Province: Vietnam] 704051 Quảng Ngãi [Province: Vietnam] 704052 Bình Định [Province: Vietnam] 704054 Phú Yên [Province: Vietnam] 704056 Khánh Ho [Province: Vietnam] 704058 Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận [Province: Vietnam] 704062 Kon Tum, Gia Lai [Province: Vietnam] 704066 Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông [Province: Vietnam] 704068 Lâm Đồng [Province: Vietnam] 704070 Bình Phước, Bình Dương [Province: Vietnam] 704072 Tây Ninh [Province: Vietnam] 704075 Đồng Nai, B Rịa - Vũng T u [Province: Vietnam] 704079 Th nh Phố Hồ Chí Minh [Province: Vietnam] 704080 Long An [Province: Vietnam] 704082 Tiền Giang [Province: Vietnam] 704083 Bến Tre [Province: Vietnam] 704084 Tr Vinh, Vĩnh Long [Province: Vietnam] 704087 Đồng Tháp [Province: Vietnam] 704089 An Giang [Province: Vietnam] 704091 Kiên Giang [Province: Vietnam] 704092 Th nh Phố Cần Thơ, Hậu Giang, Sóc Trăng [Province: Vietnam] 704095 Bạc Liêu, C Mau [Province: Vietnam] 704097 Foreign Country [Province: Vietnam] 704098 Unknown [Province: Vietnam] 704099 NIU [Province: Vietnam] 710001 Western Cape [Province: South Africa] 710004 Free State [Province: South Africa] 710005 Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal [Province: South Africa] 710007 Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape [Province: South Africa] 710097 Foreign country [Province: South Africa] 710098 Unknown [Province: South Africa] 710099 NIU (not in universe) [Province: South Africa] 724011 Galicia [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724012 Principado de Asturias [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724013 Cantabria [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724021 País Vasco [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724022 Comunidad Foral de Navarra [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724023 La Rioja [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724024 Aragón [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724030 Comunidad de Madrid [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724041 Castilla y León [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724042 Castilla-La Mancha [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724043 Extremadura [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724051 Cataluña [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724052 Comunidad Valenciana [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724053 Islas Baleares [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724061 Andalucía [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724062 Región de Murcia [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724063 Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724064 Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724070 Canarias [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724097 Foreign country [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 724999 NIU [Communities & autonomous city: Spain] 780010 Port of Spain [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780020 San Fernando [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780080 Diego Martin, San Juan/Laventille, Tunapuna/Piarco, Chaguanas, Sangre Grande, Couva/Tabaquite /Talparo, Rio Claro/Mayaro, Siparia, Penal/Debe, Princess Town, Port Fontin, Caroni, St. Andrew/St. David, Victoria, St. Patrick, Arima [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780094 St. Paul, St. Mary, St. David, St. George, St. Patrick, St. Andrew, St. John, Tobago [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780098 Unknown [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 780099 NIU (not in universe) [Region: Trinidad and Tobago] 840001 Alabama [State: United States] 840002 Alaska [State: United States] 840004 Arizona [State: United States] 840005 Arkansas [State: United States] 840006 California [State: United States] 840008 Colorado [State: United States] 840009 Connecticut [State: United States] 840010 Delaware [State: United States] 840011 District of Columbia [State: United States] 840012 Florida [State: United States] 840013 Georgia [State: United States] 840015 Hawaii [State: United States] 840016 Idaho [State: United States] 840017 Illinois [State: United States] 840018 Indiana [State: United States] 840019 Iowa [State: United States] 840020 Kansas [State: United States] 840021 Kentucky [State: United States] 840022 Louisiana [State: United States] 840023 Maine [State: United States] 840024 Maryland [State: United States] 840025 Massachusetts [State: United States] 840026 Michigan [State: United States] 840027 Minnesota [State: United States] 840028 Mississippi [State: United States] 840029 Missouri [State: United States] 840030 Montana [State: United States] 840031 Nebraska [State: United States] 840032 Nevada [State: United States] 840033 New Hampshire [State: United States] 840034 New Jersey [State: United States] 840035 New Mexico [State: United States] 840036 New York [State: United States] 840037 North Carolina [State: United States] 840038 North Dakota [State: United States] 840039 Ohio [State: United States] 840040 Oklahoma [State: United States] 840041 Oregon [State: United States] 840042 Pennsylvania [State: United States] 840044 Rhode Island [State: United States] 840045 South Carolina [State: United States] 840046 South Dakota [State: United States] 840047 Tennessee [State: United States] 840048 Texas [State: United States] 840049 Utah [State: United States] 840050 Vermont [State: United States] 840051 Virginia [State: United States] 840053 Washington [State: United States] 840054 West Virginia [State: United States] 840055 Wisconsin [State: United States] 840056 Wyoming [State: United States] 840097 Abroad [State: United States] 840098 Unknown [State: United States] 840999 NIU (not in universe) [State: United States] 858001 Montevideo [Department: Uruguay] 858002 Artigas [Department: Uruguay] 858003 Canelones [Department: Uruguay] 858004 Cerro Largo [Department: Uruguay] 858005 Colonia [Department: Uruguay] 858006 Durazno [Department: Uruguay] 858007 Flores [Department: Uruguay] 858008 Florida [Department: Uruguay] 858009 Lavalleja [Department: Uruguay] 858010 Maldonado [Department: Uruguay] 858011 Paysandú [Department: Uruguay] 858012 Río Negro [Department: Uruguay] 858013 Rivera [Department: Uruguay] 858014 Rocha [Department: Uruguay] 858015 Salto [Department: Uruguay] 858016 San Jose [Department: Uruguay] 858017 Soriano [Department: Uruguay] 858018 Tacuarembó [Department: Uruguay] 858019 Treinta Y Tres [Department: Uruguay] 858097 Abroad [Department: Uruguay] 858098 Unknown [Department: Uruguay] 858999 NIU (not in universe) [Department: Uruguay] 862001 Federal District, Vargas [State: Venezuela] 862002 Amazonas Federal Territory [State: Venezuela] 862003 Anzoátegui [State: Venezuela] 862004 Apure [State: Venezuela] 862005 Aragua [State: Venezuela] 862007 Bolívar [State: Venezuela] 862008 Carabobo [State: Venezuela] 862009 Cojedes [State: Venezuela] 862010 Amacuros Delta Federal Territory [State: Venezuela] 862011 Falcón [State: Venezuela] 862012 Guárico [State: Venezuela] 862013 Lara [State: Venezuela] 862014 Barinas, Mérida [State: Venezuela] 862015 Miranda [State: Venezuela] 862016 Monagas [State: Venezuela] 862017 Nueva Esparta, Federal Dependencies [State: Venezuela] 862018 Portuguesa [State: Venezuela] 862019 Sucre [State: Venezuela] 862020 Táchira [State: Venezuela] 862021 Trujillo [State: Venezuela] 862022 Yaracuy [State: Venezuela] 862023 Zulia [State: Venezuela] 862097 Foreign country [State: Venezuela] 862098 Unknown [State: Venezuela] 862099 NIU (not in universe) [State: Venezuela] GEOMIG1_5 indicates the major administrative unit in which the person resided five years prior to the survey. Only intra-national migrations are recorded; however, the variable incorporates geographies for every country that lists place of residence five years ago, to enable comparative analysis of subnational migration. Foreign migrants are coded 097 or 997. Codes for GEOMIG1_5 match the geographic codes in GEOLEV1 (current place of residence). For similar information for different time intervals since migration, see variables GEOMIG1_P, GEOMIG1_1, and GEOMIG1_10. More on migration and geography can be found here. IPUMS Years residing in current dwelling 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 or more 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) MIGYRS2 indicates the number of years that the respondent has lived in his/her current dwelling. IPUMS Same house 5 years ago NIU (not in universe) 1 Same house 2 Different house 9 Unknown MIGHOUSE indicates whether the person lived in the same house 5 years ago. IPUMS State of residence 5 years ago, United States; consistent boundaries, GIS 840001 Alabama 840002 Alaska 840004 Arizona 840005 Arkansas 840006 California 840008 Colorado 840009 Connecticut 840010 Delaware 840011 District of Columbia 840012 Florida 840013 Georgia 840015 Hawaii 840016 Idaho 840017 Illinois 840018 Indiana 840019 Iowa 840020 Kansas 840021 Kentucky 840022 Louisiana 840023 Maine 840024 Maryland 840025 Massachusetts 840026 Michigan 840027 Minnesota 840028 Mississippi 840029 Missouri 840030 Montana 840031 Nebraska 840032 Nevada 840033 New Hampshire 840034 New Jersey 840035 New Mexico 840036 New York 840037 North Carolina 840038 North Dakota 840039 Ohio 840040 Oklahoma 840041 Oregon 840042 Pennsylvania 840044 Rhode Island 840045 South Carolina 840046 South Dakota 840047 Tennessee 840048 Texas 840049 Utah 840050 Vermont 840051 Virginia 840053 Washington 840054 West Virginia 840055 Wisconsin 840056 Wyoming 840097 Abroad 840098 Unknown 840999 NIU (not in universe) MIG1_5_US indicates the person's state of residence within the United States 5 years ago. Click on the Source Variables tab for information on place of residence for each sample year. Source variables may contain more geographic unit detail but are not suitable for cross-temporal comparison. IPUMS Personal care limitation NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes, personal care limitation 2 No personal care limitation 9 Unknown DISCARE indicates whether the respondent had any permanent condition that made it difficult for him/her to take care of their personal needs. IPUMS Independent mobility difficulty NIU (not in universe) 1 Mobility limited 2 No mobility limitation 8 Unknown DISINDEP indicates whether the respondent had any permanent physical or mental health condition that made it difficult or impossible to be independently mobile. This did not include temporary health problems. IPUMS Work disability NIU (not in universe) 1 No disability that affects work 2 Disability causes difficulty or limits work 3 Disability prevents work DISWORK indicates whether the respondent had any lasting physical or mental health condition, that either limited the amount or type of work they could do or prevented them from working altogether. This did not include temporary health conditions. IPUMS Person number in sample unit United States 1990: All persons 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 This variable indicates all persons within each household consecutively in the order in which they appear on the original census or survey form. IPUMS Person weight United States 1990: All persons This variable indicates how many persons in the U.S. population are represented by a given person in an IPUMS sample. This is a 4-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Mother's location in the household United States 1990: All persons 00 No mother of this person present in household. 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 21 21 24 24 This variable indicates whether the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother. IPUMS Probable step/adopted mother United States 1990: All persons No stepmother present 1 Improbable age difference 2 Spouse of father 3 Identified stepmother 7 Number of children born/children surviving check This variable indicates whether the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father. IPUMS Rule for linking mother United States 1990: All persons No mother link 1 Unambiguous mother link 2 Daughter/grandchild link 3 Preceding female (no intervening person) 5 Daughter/grandchild (child surviving status) 6 Preceding female (child surviving status) 7 Spouse of father becomes stepmother This variable indicates why the IPUMS variable MOMLOC linked the person to a probable mother. IPUMS Father's location in the household United States 1990: All persons 00 No father of this person present in household. 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 20 20 22 22 This variable indicates whether the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father. IPUMS Probable step/adopted father United States 1990: All persons No stepfather present 1 Improbable age difference 2 Spouse of mother 3 Identified stepfather This variable indicates whether a person's father, was likely to have been the person's stepfather or adoptive father. IPUMS Rule for linking father United States 1990: All persons No father link 1 Unambiguous father link 2 Son/granchild link 3 Preceding male (no intervening person) 4 Husband of mother becomes stepfather This variable indicates the reason why the IPUMS variable POPLOC linked the person to a probable father. IPUMS Spouse's location in household United States 1990: All persons 00 No spouse of this person present in household. 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 This variable indicates whether the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the spouse. IPUMS Rule for linking spouse United States 1990: All persons No spouse link 1 Wife follows husband 2 Wife precedes husband 3 Non-adjacent persons -- consistent relationship to head/age differences 4 Adjacent persons (wife follows husband -- no conflicts) 5 Adjacent persons (wife precedes husband -- no conflicts) This variable indicates the reason why the IPUMS variable SPLOC linked the person to a probable spouse. IPUMS Number of own family members in household United States 1990: All persons 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 This variable indicates the number of own family members residing with each individual, including the person her/himself. IPUMS Number of own children in household United States 1990: All persons No children present 1 1 child present 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 This variable indicates the number of own children (of any age or marital status) residing with each individual. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household United States 1990: All persons No children under age 5 1 1 child under age 5 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 This variable indicates the number of own children age 4 and under residing with each individual. IPUMS Family unit membership United States 1990: All persons 1 1 st family in hh or group quarters 2 2 nd family in hh or group quarters 3 3 rd 4 4 th 5 5 th 6 6 th 7 7 th 8 8 th 9 9 th This variable indicates which family within the housing unit each person belongs to. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household United States 1990: Persons in private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age of the eldest own child (if any) residing with each individual, regardless of the child's age or marital status. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household United States 1990: Persons in private, occupied dwellings [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age of the youngest own child (if any) residing with each individual, regardless of the child's age or marital status. IPUMS Number of own siblings in household United States 1990: All persons 0 siblings and persons in collective dwellings 1 1 sibling 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 This variable indicates the number of own siblings (including half-siblings, step-siblings, and adopted siblings) residing with each individual. IPUMS Relationship to household head <svar a="all" v="US90A422"><span class="em">2. How is this person related to person 1 [the head of household]? </span><br /><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for each person. If other relative of person in column 1, fill circle and print exact relationship, such as mother-in-law, grandparent, son-in-law, niece, cousin, and so on.<br />[Person 1 was not to answer this question.]<br /><br />If a relative of person 1:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Husband/wife<br />[] Natural-born or adopted son/daughter<br />[] Stepson/stepdaughter<br />[] Brother/sister<br />[] Father/mother<br />[] Grandchild<br />[] Other relative:<br />____________________</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">If not related to person 1:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Roomer, boarder, or foster child<br />[] Housemate, roommate<br />[] Unmarried partner<br />[] Other nonrelative</div><br /><br />[Fill one circle to show how each person is related to the person in column 1. If other relative of the person in column 1, print the exact relationship such as son-in-law, daughter-in-law, grandparent, nephew, niece, mother-in-law, father-in-law, cousin, and so on. If the stepson/stepdaughter of the person in column 1 also has been legally adopted by the person in column 1, mark stepson/stepdaughter but do not mark natural-born or adopted son/daughter. In other words, stepson/stepdaughter takes precedence over adopted son/daughter.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 0101 Head/householder 0201 Spouse 0301 Child 0303 Stepchild 0401 Child-in-law 0501 Parent 0601 Parent-in-law 0701 Sibling 0801 Sibling-in-Law 0901 Grandchild 1001 Other relatives, n.s. 1011 Grandparent 1021 Aunt or uncle 1031 Nephew, niece 1041 Cousin 1061 Other relatives, n.e.c. 1114 Unmarried partner 1115 Housemate/roommate 1240 Roomer/boarders/lodgers and foster children 1260 Other non-relatives, including employees 1270 Non-inmate group quarters 1301 Institutional inmates This variable indicates an individual's relationship to the head of household or householder. IPUMS Age <svar a="all" v="US90A423"><span class="em">5. Age and year of birth</span><br /><br /><div class="i1">a. Print each person's age at last birthday. Fill in the matching circle below each box.<br />_ _ _ a. Age b. Year of birth<br /><br />b. Print each person's year of birth and fill the matching circle below each box.<br />1 _ _ _ b. Year of birth</div><br /><br />[Print age at last birthday in the space provided (print "00" for babies less than 1 year old). Fill in the matching circle below each box. For an illustration of how to complete question 5, see the Example on page 2 of this guide [omitted].]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 00 Less than 1 year old 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 or older This variable indicates the respondent's age in years. IPUMS Sex <svar a="all" v="US90A424"><span class="em">3. Sex </span><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for each person.<br /><br />[] Male<br />[] Female</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 1 Male 2 Female This variable indicates the sex of the individual. IPUMS Race <svar a="all" v="US90A425"><span class="em">4. Race</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for the race that the person considers himself/herself to be.<br /><br />If Indian (Amer.), print the name of the enrolled or principal tribe.<br />If Other Asian or Pacific Islander (API), print one group, for example: Hmong, Fijian, Laotian, Thai, Tongan, Pakistani, Cambodian, and so on.<br />If Other race, print race.<br /><br />[] White<br />[] Black or Negro<br />[] Indian (Amer.) (Print the name of the enrolled or principal tribe.)</div><br /><div class="i2">____</div><br /><div class="i1">[] Eskimo<br />[] Aleut</div><br /><br /><div class="i1">Asian or Pacific Islander (API)<br />[] Chinese<br />[] Filipino<br />[] Hawaiian<br />[] Korean<br />[] Vietnamese<br />[] Japanese<br />[] Asian Indian<br />[] Samoan<br />[] Guamanian<br />[] Other API</div><br /><div class="i2">____</div><br /><div class="i1">[] Other race (Print race)</div><br /><div class="i2">____</div><br /><br />[Fill one circle for the race each person considers himself/herself to be. If you fill the Indian (Amer.) circle, print the name of the tribe or tribes in which the person is enrolled. If the person is not enrolled in a tribe, print the name of the principal tribe(s). If you fill the Other API circle [under Asian or Pacific Islander (API)], only print the name of the group to which the person belongs. For example, the Other API category includes persons who identify as Burmese, Fijian, Hmong, Indonesian, Laotian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Tongan, Thai, Cambodian, Sri Lankan, and so on. If you fill the Other race circle, be sure to print the name of the race. If the person considers himself/herself to be White, Black or Negro, Eskimo or Aleut, fill one circle only. Please do not print the race in the boxes. The Black or Negro category also includes persons who identify as African-American, Afro-American, Haitian, Jamaican, West Indian, Nigerian, and so on. All persons, regardless of citizenship status, should answer this question.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 100 White 110 Spanish write-in 200 Black/Negro 301 Alaskan Athabaskan 302 Apache 303 Blackfoot 304 Cherokee 305 Cheyenne 306 Chickasaw 307 Chippewa 308 Choctaw 309 Comanche 310 Creek 311 Crow 312 Iroquois 313 Kiowa 314 Lumbee 315 Navajo 316 Osage 317 Paiute 318 Pima 319 Potawatomi 320 Pueblo 321 Seminole 322 Shoshone 323 Sioux 324 Tlingit 325 Tohono O Odham 326 All other tribes 327 Tribe not specified 330 Aleut 340 Eskimo 400 Chinese 410 Taiwanese 500 Japanese 600 Filipino 610 Asian Indian 620 Korean 630 Native Hawaiian 640 Vietnamese 660 Cambodian 661 Hmong 662 Laotian 663 Thai 664 Bangladeshi 665 Burmese 666 Indonesian 667 Malaysian 668 Okinawan 669 Pakistani 670 Sri Lankan 671 All other Asian, n.e.c. 680 Samoan 681 Tahitian 682 Tongan 683 Other Polynesian 685 Guamanian/Chamorro 686 Northern Mariana Islander 687 Palauan 688 Other Micronesian 690 Fijian 691 Other Melanesian 699 Pacific Islander, n.s. 700 Other race, n.e.c. This variable indicates the ethnic group to which the person belonged. IPUMS Marital status <svar a="all" v="US90A426"><span class="em">6. Marital status</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for each person.<br /><br />[] Now married<br />[] Separated<br />[] Widowed<br />[] Never married<br />[] Divorced</div><br /><br />[If the person's only marriage was annulled, mark never married.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 1 Married, spouse present 2 Married, spouse absent 3 Separated 4 Divorced 5 Widowed 6 Never married/single This variable indicates the marital status of the individual. IPUMS Children ever born <svar a="all" v="US90A428"><span class="em">20. How many babies has she ever had, not counting still births?</span><br /><div class="i1">Do not count her stepchildren or children she has adopted.<br /><br />[] None<br />[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6<br />[] 7<br />[] 8<br />[] 9<br />[] 10<br />[] 11<br />[] 12 or more</div><br /><br />[Count all children born alive, including any who have died (even shortly after birth) or who no longer live with you. Do not include miscarriages or stillborn children or any adopted, foster, or stepchildren.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Females, age 15+ [discrepancies: none] 00 No children 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 or more 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of children ever born to each woman. IPUMS Birthplace <svar a="all" v="US90A430"><span class="em">8. In what U.S. State or foreign country was this person born?</span><br /><div class="i1">____<br />(Name of State or foreign country; or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.)</div><br /><br />[For persons born in the United States:<br /><div class="i1">Print the name of the State in which this person was born. If the person was born in Washington, D.C., print District of Columbia. If the person was born in a U.S. territory or commonwealth, print Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or Northern Marianas.</div><br />[For persons born outside the United States:<br /><div class="i1">Print the name of the foreign country or area where the person was born. Use current boundaries, not boundaries at the time of the person's birth. Specify whether Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland (Eire); East or West Germany; North or South Korea; England, Scotland, or Wales (not Great Britain or United Kingdom). Specify the particular country or island in the Caribbean (not, for example, West Indies).]</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 00100 Alabama 00200 Alaska 00400 Arizona 00500 Arkansas 00600 California 00800 Colorado 00900 Connecticut 01000 Delaware 01100 District of Columbia 01200 Florida 01300 Georgia 01500 Hawaii 01600 Idaho 01700 Illinois 01800 Indiana 01900 Iowa 02000 Kansas 02100 Kentucky 02200 Louisiana 02300 Maine 02400 Maryland 02500 Massachusetts 02600 Michigan 02700 Minnesota 02800 Mississippi 02900 Missouri 03000 Montana 03100 Nebraska 03200 Nevada 03300 New Hampshire 03400 New Jersey 03500 New Mexico 03600 New York 03700 North Carolina 03800 North Dakota 03900 Ohio 04000 Oklahoma 04100 Oregon 04200 Pennsylvania 04400 Rhode Island 04500 South Carolina 04600 South Dakota 04700 Tennessee 04800 Texas 04900 Utah 05000 Vermont 05100 Virginia 05300 Washington 05400 West Virginia 05500 Wisconsin 05600 Wyoming 10000 American Samoa 10500 Guam 11000 Puerto Rico 11500 U S Virgin Islands 12020 Midway Islands 12030 Wake Island 12052 Howland Island 12092 US territory, n.s. 15000 Canada 15500 St Pierre and Miquelon 16010 Bermuda 16020 Cape Verde 16030 Falkland Islands 16040 Greenland 16050 St Helena and Ascension 19900 North America, n.s. 20000 Mexico 21010 Belize/British Honduras 21020 Costa Rica 21030 El Salvador 21040 Guatemala 21050 Honduras 21060 Nicaragua 21070 Panama 21090 Central America, n.s. 25000 Cuba 26010 Dominican Republic 26020 Haiti 26030 Jamaica 26041 Anguilla 26042 Antigua-Barbuda 26043 Bahamas 26044 Barbados 26045 British Virgin Islands 26053 Cayman Isles 26054 Dominica 26055 Grenada 26056 Montserrat 26057 St Kitts-Nevis 26058 St Lucia 26059 St Vincent 26060 Trinidad Tobago 26061 Turks Caicos 26069 British West Indies, n.s. 26071 Aruba 26072 Netherlands Antilles 26081 Guadeloupe 26082 Martinique 26090 Antilles, n.s. 26091 Caribbean, n.s. 26092 Latin America, n.s. 26093 Leeward Islands, n.s. 26094 West Indies, n.s. 30005 Argentina 30010 Bolivia 30015 Brazil 30020 Chile 30025 Colombia 30030 Ecuador 30035 French Guiana 30040 Guyana/British Guiana 30045 Paraguay 30050 Peru 30055 Suriname 30060 Uruguay 30065 Venezuela 30090 South America, n.s. 40000 Denmark 40010 Faroe Islands 40100 Finland 40200 Iceland 40400 Norway 40500 Sweden 41000 England 41011 Guernsey 41012 Jersey 41020 Isle of Man 41100 Scotland 41200 Wales 41300 United Kingdom, n.s. 41400 Ireland 41410 Northern Ireland 41900 Northern Europe, n.s. 42000 Belgium 42100 France 42200 Liechtenstein 42300 Luxembourg 42400 Monaco 42500 Netherlands 42600 Switzerland 42900 Western Europe, n.s. 43000 Albania 43100 Andorra 43200 Gibraltar 43300 Greece 43400 Italy 43500 Malta 43600 Portugal 43610 Azores 43620 Madeira Islands 43700 San Marino 43800 Spain 43900 Vatican City 45000 Austria 45100 Bulgaria 45200 Czechoslovakia 45300 Germany 45310 West Germany 45328 West Berlin 45340 East Germany 45343 East Berlin 45400 Hungary 45500 Poland 45600 Romania 45700 Yugoslavia 45900 Eastern Europe, n.s. 46000 Estonia 46100 Latvia 46200 Lithuania 46300 Baltic States, n.s. 46500 Other USSR/ Russia 49900 Europe, n.s. 50000 China 50010 Hong Kong 50020 Macau 50030 Mongolia 50040 Taiwan 50100 Japan 50200 Korea 50210 North Korea 50220 South Korea 51000 Brunei 51100 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 51200 Indonesia 51300 Laos 51400 Malaysia 51500 Philippines 51600 Singapore 51700 Thailand 51800 Vietnam 51900 Southeast Asia, n.s. 51910 Indochina, n.s. 52000 Afghanistan 52100 India 52110 Bangladesh 52120 Bhutan 52130 Burma (Myanmar) 52140 Pakistan 52150 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 52200 Iran 52400 Nepal 53000 Bahrain 53100 Cyprus 53200 Iraq 53210 Mesopotamia 53400 Israel/Palestine 53410 Gaza Strip 53420 Palestine 53430 West Bank 53500 Jordan 53600 Kuwait 53700 Lebanon 53800 Oman 53900 Qatar 54000 Saudi Arabia 54100 Syria 54200 Turkey 54300 United Arab Emirates 54400 Yemen Arab Republic (North) 54500 Yemen, PDR (South) 54600 Persian Gulf States, n.s. 54700 Middle East, n.s. 54900 Asia Minor, n.s. 59900 Asia, n.e.c./n.s. 60011 Algeria 60012 Egypt/United Arab Rep 60013 Libya 60014 Morocco 60015 Sudan 60016 Tunisia 60019 North Africa, n.s. 60020 Benin 60021 Burkina Faso 60022 Gambia 60023 Ghana 60024 Guinea 60025 Guinea-Bissau 60026 Ivory Coast 60027 Liberia 60028 Mali 60029 Mauritania 60030 Niger 60031 Nigeria 60032 Senegal 60033 Sierra Leone 60034 Togo 60038 Western Africa, n.s. 60041 Burundi 60042 Comoros 60043 Djibouti 60044 Ethiopia 60045 Kenya 60046 Madagascar 60047 Malawi 60048 Mauritius 60049 Mozambique 60050 Reunion 60051 Rwanda 60052 Seychelles 60053 Somalia 60054 Tanzania 60055 Uganda 60056 Zambia 60057 Zimbabwe 60059 Europa 60060 Gloriosos 60064 Eastern Africa, n.e.c./n.s. 60071 Angola 60072 Cameroon 60073 Central African Republic 60074 Chad 60075 Congo 60076 Equatorial Guinea 60077 Gabon 60078 Sao Tome and Principe 60079 Zaire 60080 Central Africa, n.s. 60091 Botswana 60092 Lesotho 60093 Namibia 60094 South Africa (Union of) 60095 Swaziland 60096 Southern Africa, n.s. 60099 Africa, n.s./n.e.c. 70010 Australia 70020 New Zealand 71010 New Caledonia 71011 Norfolk Islands 71012 Papua New Guinea 71013 Solomon Islands 71014 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 71019 Melanesia, n.s. 71020 Cook Islands 71021 Fiji 71022 French Polynesia 71023 Tonga 71025 Western Samoa 71029 Polynesia, n.s. 71031 Cocos Islands 71032 Kiribati 71034 Nauru 71036 Pitcairn Island 71037 Tokelau 71038 Tuvalu 71041 Marshall Islands 71042 Micronesia 71047 Northern Mariana Islands 71048 Palau 80000 ANTARTICA, n.s./n.e.c. 90010 Abroad, n.s. 90020 At sea This variable indicates the place of birth of the individual. IPUMS Ancestry, first response <svar a="all" v=" US90A431 US90A433"><span class="em">13. What is this person's ancestry or ethnic origin?</span><br /><div class="i1">(See instruction guide for further information.)<br /><br />____<br />(For example: German, Italian, Afro-Amer., Croatian, Cape Verdean, Dominican, Ecuadorean, Haitian, Cajun, French Canadian, Jamaican, Korean, Lebanese, Mexican, Nigerian, Irish, Polish, Slovak, Taiwanese, Thai, Ukrainian, etc.)</div><br /><br />[Print the ancestry group. Ancestry refers to the person's ethnic origin or descent, "roots," or heritage. Ancestry also may refer to the country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. All persons, regardless of citizenship status, should answer this question. Persons who have more than one origin and cannot identify with a single ancestry group may report two ancestry groups (for example, German-Irish). Be specific. For example, print whether West Indian, Asian Indian, or American Indian. West Indian includes persons whose ancestors came from Jamaica, Trinidad, Haiti, etc. Distinguish Cape Verdean from Portuguese; French Canadian from Canadian; and Dominican Republic from Dominica Island. A religious group should not be reported as a person's ancestry.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 0010 Alsatian 0020 Andorran 0030 Austrian 0040 Tirolean 0053 Basque 0054 Spanish Basque 0060 French Basque 0080 Belgian 0110 British 0150 Cornish 0160 Corsican 0170 Cypriot 0180 Greek Cypriote 0190 Turkish Cypriote 0200 Danish 0210 Dutch 0220 English 0230 Faeroe Islander 0240 Finnish 0261 French 0262 Occitan 0280 Breton 0290 Frisian 0300 Friulian 0321 German 0322 Pennsylvania German 0330 Bavarian 0400 Prussian 0410 Saxon 0460 Greek 0490 Icelander 0500 Irish 0501 Celtic 0511 Italian 0680 Sicilian 0750 Lapp 0760 Liechtensteiner 0770 Luxemburger 0780 Maltese 0790 Manx 0800 Monegasque 0810 Northern Irelander 0820 Norwegian 0840 Portuguese 0850 Azorean 0860 Madeiran 0870 Scotch Irish 0880 Scottish 0890 Swedish 0910 Swiss 0970 Welsh 0980 Scandinavian, Nordic 1000 Albanian 1010 Azerbaijani 1020 Belorussian 1030 Bulgarian 1051 Carpatho Rusyn 1052 Rusyn 1080 Cossack 1082 Turkestani 1090 Croatian 1110 Czechoslovakian 1111 Czech 1150 Estonian 1170 Finno Ugrian 1222 Germans from Russia 1240 Rom 1250 Hungarian 1280 Latvian 1290 Lithuanian 1300 Macedonian 1320 North Caucasian 1420 Polish 1440 Romanian 1452 Bucovina 1480 Russian 1521 Serbian 1523 Montenegrin 1530 Slovak 1540 Slovene 1560 Soviet Turkic 1640 Soviet Union, n.e.c. 1650 Tatar 1711 Ukrainian 1713 Ruthenian 1717 Windish 1760 Yugoslavian 1780 Slav 1810 Central European, n.e.c. 1830 Northern European, n.e.c. 1850 Southern European, n.e.c. 1870 Western European, n.e.c. 1900 Eastern European, n.e.c. 1950 European, n.e.c. 2001 Spaniard 2040 Catalonian 2062 Galician 2101 Mexican 2210 Costa Rican 2220 Guatemalan 2230 Honduran 2240 Nicaraguan 2251 Panamanian 2252 Canal Zone 2260 Salvadoran 2271 Central American 2272 Latin American 2310 Argentinean 2320 Bolivian 2330 Chilean 2340 Colombian 2350 Ecuadorian 2360 Paraguayan 2370 Peruvian 2380 Uruguayan 2390 Venezuelan 2481 South American 2482 Criollo/Criolla 2610 Puerto Rican 2710 Cuban 2750 Dominican 2900 Hispanic 2910 Spanish 3000 Bahamian 3010 Barbadian 3020 Belizean 3030 Bermudan 3040 Cayman Islander 3080 Jamaican 3100 Dutch West Indies 3140 Trinidadian/Tobagonian 3171 U.S. Virgin Islander 3211 British Virgin Islander 3220 British West Indian 3320 French West Indies 3350 West Indian 3360 Haitian 3600 Brazilian 3650 San Andres 3700 Guyanese/British Guiana 3800 Surinam/Dutch Guiana 4000 Algerian 4020 Egyptian 4040 Libyan 4060 Moroccan 4080 Tunisian 4110 North African 4130 Berber 4150 Bahraini 4160 Iranian 4170 Iraqi 4190 Israeli 4210 Jordanian 4230 Kuwaiti 4250 Lebanese 4270 Saudi Arabian 4290 Syrian 4310 Armenian 4340 Turkish 4350 Yemeni 4360 Omani 4420 Kurdish 4650 Palestinian 4700 South Yemeni 4800 United Arab Emirates 4820 Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac 4900 Middle Eastern 4950 Arab 5000 Angolan 5020 Benin 5040 Botswana 5060 Burundian 5080 Cameroonian 5100 Cape Verdean 5120 Central African Republic 5130 Chadian 5150 Congolese 5200 Equatorial Guinea 5220 Ethiopian 5250 Gabonese 5270 Gambian 5290 Ghanian 5300 Guinean 5320 Ivory Coast 5340 Kenyan 5380 Lesotho 5410 Liberian 5430 Madagascan 5450 Malawian 5460 Malian 5470 Mauritanian 5490 Mozambican 5500 Namibian 5510 Niger 5530 Nigerian 5610 Rwandan 5640 Senegalese 5660 Sierra Leonean 5680 Somalian 5690 Swaziland 5700 South African 5740 Zulu 5760 Sudanese 5820 Tanzanian 5860 Togo 5880 Ugandan 5910 Zairian 5920 Zambian 5930 Zimbabwean 5941 African Islands 5960 Central African 6000 Afghan 6031 Bangladeshi 6070 Bhutanese 6090 Nepali 6151 India 6801 Pakistani 6900 Sri Lankan 6950 Maldivian 7000 Burmese 7030 Cambodian 7060 Chinese 7121 Mongolian 7122 Kalmyk 7140 Tibetan 7160 Hong Kong 7180 Macao 7200 Filipino 7301 Indonesian 7401 Japanese 7460 Ryukyu Islander 7480 Okinawan 7500 Korean 7650 Laotian 7680 Hmong 7701 Malaysian 7740 Singaporean 7760 Thai 7820 Taiwanese 7850 Vietnamese 7900 Montagnard 7920 Indochinese 7930 Eurasian 7931 Amerasian 7950 Asian 8000 Australian 8030 New Zealander 8080 Polynesian 8110 Hawaiian 8140 Samoan 8150 Tongan 8160 Tokelauan 8180 Tahitian 8190 Niuean 8200 Micronesian 8210 Guamanian 8230 Saipanese 8240 Palauan 8250 Marshall Islander 8270 Ponapean 8280 Chuukese 8290 Yap Islander 8300 Caroline Islander 8310 Kiribatese 8320 Nauruan 8340 Tinian Islander 8400 Melanesian Islander 8410 Fijian 8430 New Guinean 8460 New Caledonian Islander 8470 Vanuatuan 8500 Pacific Islander 8600 Oceania 9001 Afro-American 9130 Central American Indian 9140 South American Indian 9200 American Indian 9210 Aleut 9220 Eskimo 9241 White/Caucasian 9300 Greenlander 9310 Canadian 9350 French Canadian 9361 Acadain 9390 American 9400 United States 9930 Southerner 9940 North American 9950 Mixture 9960 Uncodable 9980 Other 9990 Not Reported This variable indicates the respondent's self-reported ancestry or ethnic origin. IPUMS Ancestry, second response <svar a="all" v=" US90A431 US90A433"><span class="em">13. What is this person's ancestry or ethnic origin?</span><br /><div class="i1">(See instruction guide for further information.)<br /><br />____<br />(For example: German, Italian, Afro-Amer., Croatian, Cape Verdean, Dominican, Ecuadorean, Haitian, Cajun, French Canadian, Jamaican, Korean, Lebanese, Mexican, Nigerian, Irish, Polish, Slovak, Taiwanese, Thai, Ukrainian, etc.)</div><br /><br />[Print the ancestry group. Ancestry refers to the person's ethnic origin or descent, "roots," or heritage. Ancestry also may refer to the country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. All persons, regardless of citizenship status, should answer this question. Persons who have more than one origin and cannot identify with a single ancestry group may report two ancestry groups (for example, German-Irish). Be specific. For example, print whether West Indian, Asian Indian, or American Indian. West Indian includes persons whose ancestors came from Jamaica, Trinidad, Haiti, etc. Distinguish Cape Verdean from Portuguese; French Canadian from Canadian; and Dominican Republic from Dominica Island. A religious group should not be reported as a person's ancestry.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 0010 Alsatian 0020 Andorran 0030 Austrian 0040 Tirolean 0053 Basque 0054 Spanish Basque 0060 French Basque 0080 Belgian 0110 British 0150 Cornish 0160 Corsican 0170 Cypriot 0180 Greek Cypriote 0200 Danish 0210 Dutch 0220 English 0230 Faeroe Islander 0240 Finnish 0261 French 0280 Breton 0290 Frisian 0300 Friulian 0321 German 0322 Pennsylvania German 0330 Bavarian 0400 Prussian 0410 Saxon 0460 Greek 0490 Icelander 0500 Irish 0501 Celtic 0511 Italian 0680 Sicilian 0750 Lapp 0760 Liechtensteiner 0770 Luxemburger 0780 Maltese 0790 Manx 0800 Monegasque 0810 Northern Irelander 0820 Norwegian 0840 Portuguese 0850 Azorean 0860 Madeiran 0870 Scotch Irish 0880 Scottish 0890 Swedish 0910 Swiss 0970 Welsh 0980 Scandinavian, Nordic 1000 Albanian 1010 Azerbaijani 1020 Belorussian 1030 Bulgarian 1051 Carpatho Rusyn 1052 Rusyn 1080 Cossack 1082 Turkestani 1090 Croatian 1110 Czechoslovakian 1111 Czech 1150 Estonian 1170 Finno Ugrian 1222 Germans from Russia 1240 Rom 1250 Hungarian 1280 Latvian 1290 Lithuanian 1300 Macedonian 1320 North Caucasian 1420 Polish 1440 Romanian 1452 Bucovina 1480 Russian 1521 Serbian 1523 Montenegrin 1530 Slovak 1540 Slovene 1640 Soviet Union, n.e.c. 1650 Tatar 1711 Ukrainian 1713 Ruthenian 1717 Windish 1760 Yugoslavian 1780 Slav 1810 Central European, n.e.c. 1830 Northern European, n.e.c. 1850 Southern European, n.e.c. 1870 Western European, n.e.c. 1900 Eastern European, n.e.c. 1950 European, n.e.c. 2001 Spaniard 2040 Catalonian 2062 Galician 2101 Mexican 2210 Costa Rican 2220 Guatemalan 2230 Honduran 2240 Nicaraguan 2251 Panamanian 2260 Salvadoran 2271 Central American 2272 Latin American 2310 Argentinean 2320 Bolivian 2330 Chilean 2340 Colombian 2350 Ecuadorian 2360 Paraguayan 2370 Peruvian 2380 Uruguayan 2390 Venezuelan 2481 South American 2610 Puerto Rican 2710 Cuban 2750 Dominican 2900 Hispanic 2910 Spanish 3000 Bahamian 3010 Barbadian 3020 Belizean 3030 Bermudan 3040 Cayman Islander 3080 Jamaican 3100 Dutch West Indies 3140 Trinidadian/Tobagonian 3171 U.S. Virgin Islander 3220 British West Indian 3320 French West Indies 3350 West Indian 3360 Haitian 3600 Brazilian 3700 Guyanese/British Guiana 3800 Surinam/Dutch Guiana 4000 Algerian 4020 Egyptian 4040 Libyan 4060 Moroccan 4080 Tunisian 4110 North African 4120 Alhucemas 4130 Berber 4150 Bahraini 4160 Iranian 4170 Iraqi 4190 Israeli 4210 Jordanian 4230 Kuwaiti 4250 Lebanese 4270 Saudi Arabian 4290 Syrian 4310 Armenian 4340 Turkish 4350 Yemeni 4420 Kurdish 4650 Palestinian 4700 South Yemeni 4820 Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac 4900 Middle Eastern 4950 Arab 5000 Angolan 5040 Botswana 5080 Cameroonian 5100 Cape Verdean 5130 Chadian 5150 Congolese 5220 Ethiopian 5290 Ghanian 5320 Ivory Coast 5340 Kenyan 5410 Liberian 5430 Madagascan 5460 Malian 5470 Mauritanian 5490 Mozambican 5510 Niger 5530 Nigerian 5610 Rwandan 5640 Senegalese 5660 Sierra Leonean 5680 Somalian 5690 Swaziland 5700 South African 5740 Zulu 5760 Sudanese 5820 Tanzanian 5860 Togo 5880 Ugandan 5910 Zairian 5920 Zambian 5930 Zimbabwean 5941 African Islands 5960 Central African 6000 Afghan 6031 Bangladeshi 6090 Nepali 6151 India 6801 Pakistani 6900 Sri Lankan 7000 Burmese 7030 Cambodian 7060 Chinese 7072 Formosan 7121 Mongolian 7122 Kalmyk 7160 Hong Kong 7180 Macao 7200 Filipino 7301 Indonesian 7401 Japanese 7480 Okinawan 7500 Korean 7650 Laotian 7680 Hmong 7701 Malaysian 7740 Singaporean 7760 Thai 7820 Taiwanese 7850 Vietnamese 7900 Montagnard 7920 Indochinese 7930 Eurasian 7931 Amerasian 7950 Asian 8000 Australian 8030 New Zealander 8080 Polynesian 8110 Hawaiian 8140 Samoan 8150 Tongan 8160 Tokelauan 8180 Tahitian 8200 Micronesian 8210 Guamanian 8230 Saipanese 8240 Palauan 8250 Marshall Islander 8270 Ponapean 8280 Chuukese 8300 Caroline Islander 8310 Kiribatese 8340 Tinian Islander 8410 Fijian 8500 Pacific Islander 8600 Oceania 9001 Afro-American 9130 Central American Indian 9140 South American Indian 9200 American Indian (all tribes) 9210 Aleut 9220 Eskimo 9300 Greenlander 9310 Canadian 9350 French Canadian 9361 Acadain 9390 American 9400 United States 9980 Other (usually a religion) 9990 Not Reported This variable indicates the respondent's second response of self-reported ancestry or ethnic origin. IPUMS Citizenship status <svar a="all" v="US90A435"><span class="em">9. Is this person a citizen of the United States?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes, born in the United States -- [Go on to question 11]<br />[] Yes, born in Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or Northern Marianas<br />[] Yes, born abroad of American parent or parents<br />[] Yes, U.S. citizen by naturalization<br />[] No, not a citizen of the United States</div><br /><br />[A person should fill the yes, U.S. citizen by naturalization circle only if he/she has completed the naturalization process and is now a United States citizen. If the person was born in Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or Northern Marianas, he/she should fill the yes, born in Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or Northern Marianas circle. If the person was born outside the United States (or at sea) and has at least one American parent, he/she should fill the yes, born abroad of American parent or parents circle.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Foreign-born persons [discrepancies: type I: none, type II: trace] NIU (not in universe) 1 Born abroad of American parents 2 Naturalized citizen 3 Not a citizen This variable indicates the citizenship status of respondents, distinguishing between naturalized citizens and non-citizens. IPUMS Hispanic origin <svar a="all" v="US90A436"><span class="em">7. Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin?</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for each person.<br /><br />If yes, other Spanish/Hispanic, print one group.<br /><br />[] No (not Spanish/Hispanic)<br />[] Yes, Mexican, Mexican-Am., Chicano<br />[] Yes, Puerto Rican<br />[] Yes, Cuban<br />[] Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic</div><br /><div class="i2">(Print one group, for example: Argentinean, Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, Spaniard, and so on.)<br />____</div><br /><br />[A person is of Spanish/Hispanic origin if the person's origin (ancestry) is Mexican, Mexican-Am., Chicano, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Argentinean, Colombian, Costa Rican, Dominican, Ecuadoran, Guatemalan, Honduran, Nicaraguan, Peruvian, Salvadoran, from other Spanish-speaking countries of the Caribbean or Central or South America, or from Spain. If you fill the Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic circle, print one group. A person who is not of Spanish/Hispanic origin should answer this question by filling the No (not Spanish/Hispanic) circle. Note that the term "Mexican-Am." refers only to persons of Mexican origin or ancestry. All persons, regardless of citizenship status, should answer this question.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons 000 Not Hispanic 100 Mexican 101 Mexican 102 Mexican American 103 Mexicano/Mexicana 104 Chicano/Chicana 106 Mexican American Indian 107 Mexico 200 Puerto Rican 300 Cuban 411 Costa Rican 412 Guatemalan 413 Honduran 414 Nicaraguan 415 Panamanian 416 Salvadoran 417 Central American 419 Canal Zone 420 Argentinean 421 Bolivian 422 Chilean 423 Colombian 424 Ecuadorian 425 Paraguayan 426 Peruvian 427 Uruguayan 428 Venezuelan 429 South American Indian 431 South American 450 Spaniard 453 Castillian 454 Catalonian 455 Balearic Islander 456 Gallego 458 Canarian 459 Spanish Basque 460 Dominican 465 Latin American 470 Hispanic 480 Spanish 490 Californio 491 Tejano 493 Spanish American 494 Spanish American Indian 495 Meso American Indian 496 Mestizo 498 Other Spanish/Hispanic, n.s. (FOSDIC) 499 Other Spanish/Hispanic, n.e.c. This variable indicates and classifies persons of Hispanic/Spanish/Latino origin. IPUMS Year of immigration <svar a="all" v="US90A437 US90A438"><span class="em">10. When did this person come to the United States to stay?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] 1987 to 1990<br />[] 1985 or 1986<br />[] 1982 to 1984<br />[] 1980 or 1981<br />[] 1975 to 1979<br />[] 1970 to 1974<br />[] 1965 to 1969<br />[] 1960 to 1964<br />[] 1950 to 1959<br />[] Before 1950</div><br /><br />[If the person has entered the United States (that is, the 50 states and the District of Columbia) more than once, fill the circle for the latest year he/she came to stay.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Foreign-born persons and persons born in US outlying areas [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Before 1950 02 1950-59 03 1960 -64 04 1965-69 05 1970-74 06 1975-1979 07 1980 -81 08 1982 -84 09 1985 -86 10 1987 -90 This variable indicates the year in which a foreign-born person first entered the United States. IPUMS Years in the United States, intervalled <svar a="all" v="US90A437 US90A438"><span class="em">10. When did this person come to the United States to stay?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] 1987 to 1990<br />[] 1985 or 1986<br />[] 1982 to 1984<br />[] 1980 or 1981<br />[] 1975 to 1979<br />[] 1970 to 1974<br />[] 1965 to 1969<br />[] 1960 to 1964<br />[] 1950 to 1959<br />[] Before 1950</div><br /><br />[If the person has entered the United States (that is, the 50 states and the District of Columbia) more than once, fill the circle for the latest year he/she came to stay.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Foreign-born persons and persons born in US outlying areas [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 0 to 5 years 2 6 to 10 years 3 11 to 15 years 4 16 to 20 years 5 21 years This variable indicates how long a person who was born in a foreign country or U.S. outlying area had been living in the United States. IPUMS Language spoken <span class="em">15a. Does this person speak a language other than English at home?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No -- [Go on to question 16]</div><p>[Mark yes if the location is now inside the city/town limits even if it was not inside the limits on April 1, 1985; that is, if the area was annexed by the city/town since that time.] United States 1990: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] 0000 NIU (not in universe) 0100 English 0110 Jamaican Creole 0120 Krio, Pidgin Krio 0130 Hawaiian Pidgin 0140 Pidgin 0150 Gullah, Geechee 0160 Saramacca 0200 German 0230 Luxembourgian 0240 Pennsylvania Dutch 0300 Yiddish, Jewish 0410 Dutch, Flemish, Belgian 0420 Afrikaans 0430 Frisian 0500 Swedish 0600 Danish 0700 Norwegian 0800 Icelandic 0810 Faroese 1000 Italian 1010 Rhaeto-Romanic, Ladin 1110 French, Walloon 1120 Provencal 1130 Patois 1140 French or Haitian Creole 1150 Cajun 1200 Spanish 1210 Catalonian, Valencian 1220 Ladino, Sefaradit, Spanol 1240 Papia Mentae 1300 Portuguese 1400 Rumanian 1520 Welsh 1540 Irish Gaelic, Gaelic 1570 Scottish Gaelic 1600 Greek 1700 Albanian 1810 Russian, Great Russian 1820 Bielo-, White Russian 1900 Ukrainian, Ruthenian, Little Russian 2000 Czech 2100 Polish 2200 Slovak 2300 Serbo-Croatian, Yugoslavian, Slavonian 2310 Croatian 2320 Serbian 2400 Slovene 2500 Lithuanian 2510 Lettish 2610 Bulgarian 2620 Lusatian, Sorbian, Wendish 2630 Macedonian 2800 Armenian 2900 Persian, Iranian, Farssi 3010 Pashto, Afghan 3020 Kurdish 3030 Balochi 3101 Hindi, Hindustani, Indic, Jaipuri, Pali, Urdu 3111 Sanskrit 3112 Bengali 3113 Panjabi 3114 Marathi 3115 Gujarathi 3116 Bihari 3117 Rajasthani 3118 Oriya 3119 Assamese 3120 Kashmiri 3121 Sindhi 3123 Sinhalese 3130 Kannada 3200 Romany, Gypsy 3300 Finnish 3400 Magyar, Hungarian 3510 Estonian, Ingrian, Livonian, Vepsian, Votic 3520 Lapp, Inari, Kola, Lule, Pite, Ruija, Skolt, Um 3600 Turkish 3704 Kirghiz 3705 Karachay, Tatar, Balkar, Bashkir, Kumyk 3706 Uzbek, Uighur 3707 Azerbaijani 3710 Mongolian 3711 Tungus 3800 Caucasian, Georgian, Avar 3900 Basque 4000 Dravidian 4001 Brahui 4002 Gondi 4003 Telugu 4004 Malayalam 4005 Tamil 4011 Nepali 4110 Munda 4301 Chinese, Cantonese, Min, Yueh 4303 Mandarin 4311 Hakka, Fukien, K'echia 4314 Fuchow, Min Pei 4315 Wu 4400 Tibetan 4410 Miao-Yao 4420 Miao, Hmong 4500 Burmese, Lisu, Lolo 4510 Karen 4600 Kachin 4700 Thai, Siamese, Lao 4800 Japanese 4900 Korean 5000 Vietnamese 5120 Mon-Khmer, Cambodian 5200 Indonesian 5230 Achinese 5240 Balinese 5250 Cham 5270 Malay 5280 Minangkabau 5310 Formosan, Taiwanese 5320 Javanese 5330 Malagasy 5340 Sundanese 5400 Filipino, Tagalog 5410 Bisayan 5420 Sebuano 5430 Pangasinan 5440 Llocano, Hocano 5450 Bikol 5460 Pampangan 5480 Palau 5501 Micronesian 5503 Chamorro, Guamanian 5504 Gilbertese 5505 Kusaiean 5506 Marshallese 5507 Mokilese 5510 Ponapean 5511 Trukese 5513 Woleai-Ulithi 5514 Yapese 5520 Melanesian 5521 Polynesian 5522 Samoan 5523 Tongan 5525 Tokelauan 5526 Fijian 5527 Marquesan 5529 Maori 5530 Nukuoro, Kapingarangan 5600 Hawaiian 5700 Arabic 5810 Syriac, Aramaic, Chaldean 5900 Hebrew, Israeli 6000 Amharic, Ethiopian, etc. 6110 Berber 6120 Chadic, Hamitic, Hausa 6130 Cushite, Beja, Somali 6300 Nilotic 6301 Nilo-Hamitic 6302 Nubian 6303 Saharan 6304 Nilo-Saharan, Fur, Songhai 6305 Khoisan 6306 Sudanic 6307 Bantu (many subheads) 6308 Swahili 6309 Mande 6310 Fulani 6311 Gur 6312 Kru 6313 Efik, Ibibio, Tiv 6314 Mbum, Gbaya, Sango, Zande 6400 African, n.s. 7110 Aleut 7130 Eskimo 7140 Inupik, Innuit 7150 St Lawrence Isl Yupik 7160 Yupik 7200 Algonquian 7201 Arapaho 7202 Atsina, Gros Ventre 7203 Blackfoot 7204 Cheyenne 7205 Cree 7206 Delaware, Lenni-Lenape 7207 Fox, Sac 7208 Kickapoo 7209 Menomini 7210 Metis, French Cree 7211 Miami 7212 Micmac 7213 Ojibwa, Chippewa 7214 Ottawa 7215 Passamaquoddy, Malecite 7216 Penobscot 7218 Potawatomi 7219 Shawnee 7300 Salish, Flathead 7303 Clallam 7304 Coeur d'Alene, Skitsamish 7305 Columbia, Chelan, Wenatchee 7307 Nootsack 7308 Okanogan 7309 Puget Sound Salish 7313 Kalispel 7314 Spokane 7400 Athapascan 7402 Han 7404 Koyukon 7405 Kuchin 7407 Tanaina 7412 Chasta Costa, Chetco, Coquille, Smith River Ath 7413 Hupa 7420 Apache 7421 Jicarilla, Lipan 7422 Chiricahua, Mescalero 7423 San Carlos, Cibecue, White Mountain 7424 Kiowa-Apache 7430 Kiowa 7500 Navajo 7610 Klamath, Modoc 7620 Nez Perce 7630 Sahaptian, Celilo, Klikitat, Palouse, Tenino, U 7700 Mountain Maidu, Maidu 7705 Sierra Miwok, Miwok 7708 Wintun 7709 Foothill North Yokuts 7710 Tachi 7712 Siuslaw, Coos, Lower Umpqua 7713 Tsimshian 7714 Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Multnomah, Wasco, Wis 7715 Chinook Jargon 7800 Zuni 7900 Yuman 7920 Cocomaricopa 7930 Mohave 7940 Diegueno 7950 Delta River Yuman 7970 Havasupai 7980 Walapai 7990 Yavapai 8000 Achumawi 8020 Karok 8030 Pomo 8050 Washo 8101 Crow, Absaroke 8102 Hidatsa 8103 Mandan 8104 Dakota, Lakota, Nakota, Sioux 8105 Chiwere 8106 Winnebago 8108 Omaha 8109 Osage 8110 Ponca 8210 Alabama 8220 Choctaw, Chickasaw 8230 Mikasuki 8250 Koasati 8260 Muskogee, Creek, Seminole 8300 Keres 8400 Iroquoian 8410 Mohawk 8420 Oneida 8430 Onondaga 8440 Cayuga 8450 Seneca 8460 Tuscarora 8480 Cherokee 8500 Caddoan 8510 Arikara 8520 Pawnee 8530 Wichita 8601 Comanche 8602 Mono, Owens Valley Paiute 8603 Paiute 8606 Chemehuevi 8608 Ute 8609 Shoshoni 8620 Hopi 8630 Cahuilla 8632 Luiseno 8700 Pima, Papago 8800 Yaqui 8910 Aztecan, Mexicano, Nahua 9010 Picuris, Northern Tiwa, Taos 9020 Tiwa, Isleta 9030 Sandia 9040 Tewa, Hano, Hopi-Tewa, San Ildefonso, San Juan, 9050 Towa 9101 Yurok 9112 Makah 9120 Kutenai 9130 Haida 9131 Tlingit, Chilkat, Sitka, Tongass, Yakutat 9150 Yuchi 9200 Misumalpan 9210 Mayan languages 9220 Tarascan 9230 Mapuche 9240 Oto-Manguen 9250 Quechua 9270 Arawakian 9280 Chibchan 9290 Tupi-Guarani 9300 American Indian, n.s. 9601 Other n e c 9602 Other n s This variable indicates the language that the respondent spoke at home, particularly if a language other than English was spoken. IPUMS Speaks English <svar a="all" v="US90A441"><span class="em">15c. How well does this person speak English?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Very well<br />[] Well<br />[] Not well<br />[] Not at all</div><br /><br />[Print the name of the language spoken at home. If this person speaks more than one non-English language and cannot determine which is spoken more often, report the first language the person learned to speak.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Does not speak English 2 Yes, speaks only English 3 Yes, speaks very well 4 Yes, speaks well 5 Yes, but not well This variable indicates whether the respondent was able to speak English. IPUMS School attendance <svar a="all" v="US90A443 US90A447"><span class="em">11. At any time since February 1, 1990, has this person attended regular school or college?</span><br /><div class="i1">Include only nursery school, kindergarten, elementary school, and schooling which leads to a high school diploma or a college degree.<br /><br />[] No, has not attended since February 1<br />[] Yes, public school, public college<br />[] Yes, private school, private college</div><br /><br />[Do not include enrollment in a trade or business school, company training, or tutoring unless the course would be accepted for credit at a regular elementary school, high school, or college. A public school is any school or college that is controlled and supported primarily by a local, county, State, or Federal Government. Schools are private if supported and controlled primarily by religious organizations or other private groups.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not in school 2 Yes, in school This variable indicates whether the respondent attended school during a specified period. IPUMS Educational attainment, 1990 <svar a="all" v="US90A444 US90A446"><span class="em">12. How much school has this person completed?</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for the highest level completed or degree received. If currently enrolled, mark the level of previous grade attended or highest degree received.<br /><br />[] No school completed<br />[] Nursery school<br />[] Kindergarten<br />[] 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th grade<br />[] 5th, 6th, 7th, or 8th grade<br />[] 9th grade<br />[] 10th grade<br />[] 11th grade<br />[] 12th grade, no diploma<br />[] High school graduate -- high school diploma or the equivalent (For example: GED)<br />[] Some college but no degree<br />[] Associate degree in college -- Occupational program<br />[] Associate degree in college -- Academic program<br />[] Bachelor's degree (For example: BA, AB, BS)<br />[] Master's degree (For example: MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, MBA)<br />[] Professional school degree (For example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)<br />[] Doctorate degree (For example: PhD, EdD)</div><br /><br />[Mark the category for the highest grade or level of schooling the person has successfully completed or the highest degree the person received. If the person is enrolled in school, mark the category containing the highest grade completed (the grade previous to the grade in which enrolled). Schooling completed in foreign or ungraded schools should be reported as the equivalent level of schooling in the regular American school system. Persons who completed high school by passing an equivalency test, such as the General Education Development (GED) examination, and did not attend college, should fill the circle for high school graduate. Do not include vocational certificates or diplomas from vocational, trade, or business schools or colleges unless they were college level associate degrees or higher. Some examples of professional school degrees include medicine, dentistry, chiropractic, optometry, osteopathic medicine, pharmacy, podiatry, veterinary medicine, law, and theology. Do not include barber school, cosmetology, or other training for a specific trade. Do not include honorary degrees awarded by colleges and universities to individuals for their accomplishments. Include only "earned" degrees.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 No school completed 02 Nursery school 03 Kindergarten 04 1 st-4th grade 05 5 th-8th grade 06 9 th grade 07 10 th grade 08 11 th grade 09 12 th grade, no diploma 10 High school graduate, or GED 11 Some college, no degree 12 Associate degree, occupational program 13 Associate degree, academic program 14 Bachelor s degree 15 Master s degree 16 Professional degree 17 Doctorate degree This variable indicates the respondent's highest level of educational attainment. IPUMS Educational attainment recode <svar a="all" v="US90A444 US90A446"><span class="em">12. How much school has this person completed?</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill one circle for the highest level completed or degree received. If currently enrolled, mark the level of previous grade attended or highest degree received.<br /><br />[] No school completed<br />[] Nursery school<br />[] Kindergarten<br />[] 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th grade<br />[] 5th, 6th, 7th, or 8th grade<br />[] 9th grade<br />[] 10th grade<br />[] 11th grade<br />[] 12th grade, no diploma<br />[] High school graduate -- high school diploma or the equivalent (For example: GED)<br />[] Some college but no degree<br />[] Associate degree in college -- Occupational program<br />[] Associate degree in college -- Academic program<br />[] Bachelor's degree (For example: BA, AB, BS)<br />[] Master's degree (For example: MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, MBA)<br />[] Professional school degree (For example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)<br />[] Doctorate degree (For example: PhD, EdD)</div><br /><br />[Mark the category for the highest grade or level of schooling the person has successfully completed or the highest degree the person received. If the person is enrolled in school, mark the category containing the highest grade completed (the grade previous to the grade in which enrolled). Schooling completed in foreign or ungraded schools should be reported as the equivalent level of schooling in the regular American school system. Persons who completed high school by passing an equivalency test, such as the General Education Development (GED) examination, and did not attend college, should fill the circle for high school graduate. Do not include vocational certificates or diplomas from vocational, trade, or business schools or colleges unless they were college level associate degrees or higher. Some examples of professional school degrees include medicine, dentistry, chiropractic, optometry, osteopathic medicine, pharmacy, podiatry, veterinary medicine, law, and theology. Do not include barber school, cosmetology, or other training for a specific trade. Do not include honorary degrees awarded by colleges and universities to individuals for their accomplishments. Include only "earned" degrees.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 None or preschool 2 Grade 1 , 2 , 3 , or 4 3 Grade 5 , 6 , 7 , or 8 4 Grade 9 5 Grade 10 6 Grade 11 7 Grade 12 8 1 to 3 years of college 9 4 years of college This variable indicates a recoded combination of two separate IPUMS variables, HIGRADE and EDUC99, that measure educational attainment in different ways. IPUMS Public or private school <svar a="all" v="US90A443 US90A447"><span class="em">11. At any time since February 1, 1990, has this person attended regular school or college?</span><br /><div class="i1">Include only nursery school, kindergarten, elementary school, and schooling which leads to a high school diploma or a college degree.<br /><br />[] No, has not attended since February 1<br />[] Yes, public school, public college<br />[] Yes, private school, private college</div><br /><br />[Do not include enrollment in a trade or business school, company training, or tutoring unless the course would be accepted for credit at a regular elementary school, high school, or college. A public school is any school or college that is controlled and supported primarily by a local, county, State, or Federal Government. Schools are private if supported and controlled primarily by religious organizations or other private groups.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Not enrolled 2 Public school 3 Private school This variable indicates whether respondents attending school were enrolled in a public or a private school. IPUMS Employment status <span class="em">21a. Did this person work at any time last week?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes -- Fill this circle if this person worked full time or part time. (Count as part-time work such as delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm. Also count active duty in the Armed Forces.)<br />[] No -- Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. -- Skip to 25.</div><p>[Count as work - Mark yes:</p> <div class="i1">- Work for someone else for wages, salary, piece rate, commission, tips, or payments "in kind" (for example, food, lodging received as payment for work performed).<br />- Work in own business, professional practice, or farm.<br />- Any work in a family business or farm, paid or not.<br />- Any part-time work including babysitting, paper routes, etc.<br />- Active duty in Armed Forces.</div><p>Do not count as work - Mark no:</p> <div class="i1">- Housework or yard work at home.<br />- Unpaid volunteer work.<br />- School work.<br />- Work done as a resident of an institution.]</div><span class="em">21b. How many hours did this person work last week (at all jobs)? </span><div class="i1">Subtract any time off. Add overtime or extra hours worked.<br /><br />____ Hours</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 At work 2 Has job, not working 3 Armed forces--at work 4 Armed forces--with job but not at work 5 Unemployed 6 Not in Labor Force This variable indicates whether the respondent was a part of the labor force--working or seeking work--and, if so, whether the person was currently unemployed. IPUMS Labor force status <span class="em">21a. Did this person work at any time last week?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes -- Fill this circle if this person worked full time or part time. (Count as part-time work such as delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm. Also count active duty in the Armed Forces.)<br />[] No -- Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. -- Skip to 25.</div><p>[Count as work - Mark yes:</p> <div class="i1">- Work for someone else for wages, salary, piece rate, commission, tips, or payments "in kind" (for example, food, lodging received as payment for work performed).<br />- Work in own business, professional practice, or farm.<br />- Any work in a family business or farm, paid or not.<br />- Any part-time work including babysitting, paper routes, etc.<br />- Active duty in Armed Forces.</div><p>Do not count as work - Mark no:</p> <div class="i1">- Housework or yard work at home.<br />- Unpaid volunteer work.<br />- School work.<br />- Work done as a resident of an institution.]</div><span class="em">21b. How many hours did this person work last week (at all jobs)? </span><div class="i1">Subtract any time off. Add overtime or extra hours worked.<br /><br />____ Hours</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force This variable indicates whether a person participated in the labor force. IPUMS Occupation, 1950 basis <svar a="all" v="US90A450 US90A451"><span class="em">29a. What kind of work was this person doing? </span><br /><div class="i1">____<br />(For example: registered nurse, personnel manager, supervisor of order department,<br />gasoline engine assembler, cake icer)</div><br /><br />[Print two or more words to describe the kind of work the person did. If the person was a trainee, apprentice, or helper, include that in the description. Some examples of what to enter:<br /><br />Enter a description like the following / Do not enter:<br /><div class="i1">Production clerk / Clerk<br />Carpenter's helper / Helper<br />Auto engine mechanic / Mechanic<br />Registered nurse / Nurse]</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who had worked within the previous five years; not new workers [not verifiable] 000 Accountants and auditors 002 Airplane pilots and navigators 003 Architects 004 Artists and art teachers 006 Authors 007 Chemists 008 Chiropractors 009 Clergymen 012 Agricultural sciences 013 Biological sciences 014 Chemistry 015 Economics 016 Engineering 018 Mathematics 019 Medical sciences 023 Physics 024 Psychology 026 Natural science (n e c ) 027 Social sciences (n e c ) 028 Nonscientific subjects 029 Subject not specified 031 Dancers and dancing teachers 032 Dentists 033 Designers 034 Dieticians and nutritionists 035 Draftsmen 036 Editors and reporters 041 Engineers, aeronautical 042 Engineers, chemical 043 Engineers, civil 044 Engineers, electrical 045 Engineers, industrial 046 Engineers, mechanical 047 Engineers, metallurgical, metallurgists 048 Engineers, mining 049 Engineers (n e c ) 051 Entertainers (n e c ) 053 Foresters and conservationists 054 Funeral directors and embalmers 055 Lawyers and judges 056 Librarians 057 Musicians and music teachers 058 Nurses, professional 061 Agricultural scientists 062 Biological scientists 063 Geologists and geophysicists 067 Mathematicians 068 Physicists 069 Miscellaneous natural scientists 070 Optometrists 072 Personnel and labor relations workers 073 Pharmacists 074 Photographers 075 Physicians and surgeons 076 Radio operators 077 Recreation and group workers 078 Religious workers 079 Social and welfare workers, except group 081 Economists 082 Psychologists 083 Statisticians and actuaries 084 Miscellaneous social scientists 091 Sports instructors and officials 092 Surveyors 093 Teachers (n e c ) 094 Technicians, medical and dental 095 Technicians, testing 096 Technicians (n e c ) 097 Therapists and healers (n e c ) 098 Veterinarians 099 Professional, technical and kindred workers (n. 100 Farmers (owners and tenants) 123 Farm managers 200 Buyers and department heads, store 201 Buyers and shippers, farm products 203 Conductors, railroad 210 Inspectors, public administration 230 Managers and superintendents, building 240 Officers, pilots, pursers and engineers, ship 250 Officials and administrators (n.e.c.), public a 270 Postmasters 280 Purchasing agents and buyers (n e c ) 290 Managers, officials, and proprietors (n.e.c.) 301 Attendants and assistants, library 302 Attendants, physician's and dentist's office 305 Bank tellers 310 Bookkeepers 320 Cashiers 321 Collectors, bill and account 322 Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 335 Mail carriers 340 Messengers and office boys 341 Office machine operators 342 Shipping and receiving clerks 350 Stenographers, typists, and secretaries 370 Telephone operators 380 Ticket, station, and express agents 390 Clerical and kindred workers (n e c ) 400 Advertising agents and salesmen 410 Auctioneers 420 Demonstrators 430 Hucksters and peddlers 450 Insurance agents and brokers 460 Newsboys 470 Real estate agents and brokers 480 Stock and bond salesmen 490 Salesmen and sales clerks (n e c ) 500 Bakers 502 Bookbinders 503 Boilermakers 504 Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 505 Cabinetmakers 510 Carpenters 511 Cement and concrete finishers 512 Compositors and typesetters 513 Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 515 Electricians 521 Engravers, except photoengravers 522 Excavating, grading, and road machinery operato 523 Foremen (n e c ) 524 Forgemen and hammermen 525 Furriers 530 Glaziers 531 Heat treaters, annealers, temperers 533 Inspectors (n e c ) 534 Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversm 535 Job setters, metal 540 Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, a 541 Locomotive engineers 544 Machinists 545 Mechanics and repairmen, airplane 550 Mechanics and repairmen, automobile 551 Mechanics and repairmen, office machine 552 Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television 554 Mechanics and repairmen (n e c ) 560 Millwrights 561 Molders, metal 562 Motion picture projectionists 563 Opticians and lens grinders and polishers 564 Painters, construction and maintenance 570 Pattern and model makers, except paper 571 Photoengravers and lithographers 573 Plasterers 574 Plumbers and pipe fitters 575 Pressmen and plate printers, printing 580 Rollers and roll hands, metal 581 Roofers and slaters 582 Shoemakers and repairers, except factory 583 Stationary engineers 585 Structural metal workers 590 Tailors and tailoresses 591 Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal worker 592 Tool makers, and die makers and setters 593 Upholsterers 595 Members of the armed services 600 Apprentice auto mechanics 601 Apprentice bricklayers and masons 602 Apprentice carpenters 603 Apprentice electricians 604 Apprentice machinists and toolmakers 610 Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters 612 Apprentices, metalworking trades (n.e.c.) 614 Apprentices, other specified trades 620 Asbestos and insulation workers 621 Attendants, auto service and parking 622 Blasters and powdermen 624 Brakemen, railroad 625 Bus drivers 630 Chainmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying 632 Deliverymen and routemen 633 Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 635 Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal 643 Laundry and dry cleaning operatives 644 Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing hous 650 Mine operatives and laborers 662 Oilers and greaser, except auto 670 Painters, except construction or maintenance 671 Photographic process workers 672 Power station operators 673 Sailors and deck hands 674 Sawyers 680 Stationary firemen 681 Switchmen, railroad 682 Taxicab drivers and chauffers 683 Truck and tractor drivers 684 Weavers, textile 685 Welders and flame cutters 690 Operative and kindred workers (n e c ) 700 Housekeepers, private household 710 Laundressses, private household 720 Private household workers (n e c ) 730 Attendants, hospital and other institution 731 Attendants, professional and personal service 732 Attendants, recreation and amusement 740 Barbers, beauticians, and manicurists 750 Bartenders 753 Charwomen and cleaners 754 Cooks, except private household 760 Counter and fountain workers 761 Elevator operators 762 Firemen, fire protection 763 Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers 764 Housekeepers and stewards, except private house 770 Janitors and sextons 773 Policemen and detectives 780 Porters 781 Practical nurses 782 Sheriffs and bailiffs 783 Ushers, recreation and amusement 784 Waiters and waitresses 785 Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders 790 Service workers, except private household (n.e. 810 Farm foremen 820 Farm laborers, wage workers 910 Fishermen and oystermen 930 Gardeners, except farm, and groundskeepers 940 Longshoremen and stevedores 950 Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 970 Laborers (n e c ) 999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the 1950 Census Bureau occupational classification system to the occupational activity of the individual. IPUMS Occupation <svar a="all" v="US90A450 US90A451"><span class="em">29a. What kind of work was this person doing? </span><br /><div class="i1">____<br />(For example: registered nurse, personnel manager, supervisor of order department,<br />gasoline engine assembler, cake icer)</div><br /><br />[Print two or more words to describe the kind of work the person did. If the person was a trainee, apprentice, or helper, include that in the description. Some examples of what to enter:<br /><br />Enter a description like the following / Do not enter:<br /><div class="i1">Production clerk / Clerk<br />Carpenter's helper / Helper<br />Auto engine mechanic / Mechanic<br />Registered nurse / Nurse]</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who had worked within the previous five years; not new workers [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 003 Legislators 004 Chief executives and general administrators, public administration 005 Administrators and officials, public administration 006 Administrators, protective services 007 Financial managers 008 Personnel and labor relations managers 009 Purchasing managers 013 Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations 014 Administrators, education and related fields 015 Managers, medicine and health 016 Postmasters and mail superintendents 017 Managers, food serving and lodging establishments 018 Managers, properties and real estate 019 Funeral directors 021 Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. 022 Managers and administrators, n.e.c. 023 Accountants and auditors 024 Underwriters 025 Other financial officers 026 Management analysts 027 Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists 028 Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 029 Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products 033 Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. 034 Business and promotion agents 035 Construction inspectors 036 Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction 037 Management related occupations, n.e.c. 043 Architects 044 Aerospace 045 Metallurgical and materials 046 Mining 047 Petroleum 048 Chemical 049 Nuclear 053 Civil 054 Agricultural 055 Electrical and electronic 056 Industrial 057 Mechanical 058 Marine and naval architects 059 Engineers, n.e.c. 063 Surveyors and mapping scientists 064 Computer systems analysts and scientists 065 Operations and systems researchers and analysts 066 Actuaries 067 Statisticians 068 Mathematical scientists, n.e.c. 069 Physicists and astronomers 073 Chemists, except biochemists 074 Atmospheric and space scientists 075 Geologists and geodesists 076 Physical scientists, n.e.c. 077 Agricultural and food scientists 078 Biological and life scientists 079 Forestry and conservation scientists 083 Medical scientists 084 Physicians 085 Dentists 086 Veterinarians 087 Optometrists 088 Podiatrists 089 Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. 095 Registered nurses 096 Pharmacists 097 Dietitians 098 Respiratory therapists 099 Occupational therapists 103 Physical therapists 104 Speech therapists 105 Therapists, n.e.c. 106 Physicians' assistants 113 Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers 114 Biological science teachers 115 Chemistry teachers 116 Physics teachers 117 Natural science teachers, n.e.c. 118 Psychology teachers 119 Economics teachers 123 History teachers 124 Political science teachers 125 Sociology teachers 126 Social science teachers, n.e.c. 127 Engineering teachers 128 Mathematical science teachers 129 Computer science teachers 133 Medical science teachers 134 Health specialties teachers 135 Business, commerce, and marketing teachers 136 Agriculture and forestry teachers 137 Art, drama, and music teachers 138 Physical education teachers 139 Education teachers 143 English teachers 144 Foreign language teachers 145 Law teachers 146 Social work teachers 147 Theology teachers 148 Trade and industrial teachers 149 Home economics teachers 153 Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c. 154 Postsecondary teachers, subject n.s. 155 Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten 156 Teachers, elementary school 157 Teachers, secondary school 158 Teachers, special education 159 Teachers, n.e.c. 163 Counselors, educational and vocational 164 Librarians 165 Archivists and curators 166 Economists 167 Psychologists 168 Sociologists 169 Social scientists, n.e.c. 173 Urban planners 174 Social workers 175 Recreation workers 176 Clergy 177 Religious workers, n.e.c. 178 Lawyers 179 Judges 183 Authors 184 Technical writers 185 Designers 186 Musicians and composers 187 Actors and directors 188 Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers 189 Photographers 193 Dancers 194 Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. 195 Editors and reporters 197 Public relations specialists 198 Announcers 199 Athletes 203 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 204 Dental hygienists 205 Health record technologists and technicians 206 Radiologic technicians 207 Licensed practical nurses 208 Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. 213 Electrical and electronic technicians 214 Industrial engineering technicians 215 Mechanical engineering technicians 216 Engineering technicians, n.e.c. 217 Drafting occupations 218 Surveying and mapping technicians 223 Biological technicians 224 Chemical technicians 225 Science technicians n.e.c. 226 Airplane pilots and navigators 227 Air traffic controllers 228 Broadcast equipment operators 229 Computer programmers 233 Tool programmers, numerical control 234 Legal assistants 235 Technician, n.e.c. 243 Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations 253 Insurance sales occupations 254 Real estate sales occupations 255 Securities and financial services sales occupations 256 Advertising and related sales occupations 257 Sales occupations, other business services 258 Sales engineers 259 Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale 263 Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats 264 Sales workers, apparel 265 Sales workers, shoes 266 Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings 267 Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances 268 Sales workers, hardware and building supplies 269 Sales workers, parts 274 Sales workers, other commodities 275 Sales counter clerks 276 Cashiers 277 Street and door-to-door sales workers 278 News vendors 283 Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales 284 Auctioneers 285 Sales support occupations, n.e.c. 303 Supervisors, general office 304 Supervisors, computer equipment operators 305 Supervisors, financial records processing 306 Chief communications operators 307 Supervisors; distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks 308 Computer operators 309 Peripheral equipment operators 313 Secretaries 314 Stenographers 315 Typists 316 Interviewers 317 Hotel clerks 318 Transportation ticket and reservation agents 319 Receptionists 323 Information clerks, n.e.c. 325 Classified-ad clerks 326 Correspondence clerks 327 Order clerks 328 Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping 329 Library clerks 335 File clerks 336 Records clerks 337 Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks 338 Payroll and timekeeping clerks 339 Billing clerks 343 Cost and rate clerks 344 Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators 345 Duplicating machine operators 346 Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators 347 Office machine operators, n.e.c. 348 Telephone operators 349 Telegraphers 353 Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. 354 Postal clerks except mail carriers 355 Mail carriers, postal service 356 Mail clerks, except postal service 357 Messengers 359 Dispatchers 363 Production coordinators 364 Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks 365 Stock and inventory clerks 366 Meter readers 368 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers 373 Expediters 374 Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c. 375 Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators 376 Investigators and adjusters, except insurance 377 Eligibility clerks, social welfare 378 Bill and account collectors 379 General office clerks 383 Bank tellers 384 Proofreaders 385 Data-entry keyers 386 Statistical clerks 387 Teachers' aides 389 Administrative support occupations, n.e.c. 403 Launderers and ironers 404 Cooks, private household 405 Housekeepers and butlers 406 Child care workers, private household 407 Private household cleaners and servants 413 Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations 414 Supervisors, police and detectives 415 Supervisors, guards 416 Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations 417 Firefighting occupations 418 Police and detectives, public service 423 Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 424 Correctional institution officers 425 Crossing guards 426 Guards and police, except public service 427 Protective service occupations, n.e.c. 433 Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations 434 Bartenders 435 Waiters and waitresses 436 Cooks 438 Food counter, fountain and related occupations 439 Kitchen workers, food preparation 443 Waiters'/waitresses' assistants 444 Miscellaneous food preparation occupations 445 Dental assistants 446 Health aides, except nursing 447 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 448 Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 449 Maids and housemen 453 Janitors and cleaners 454 Elevator operators 455 Pest control occupations 456 Supervisors, personal service occupations 457 Barbers 458 Hairdressers and cosmetologists 459 Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities 461 Guides 462 Ushers 463 Public transportation attendants 464 Baggage porters and bellhops 465 Welfare service aides 466 Family child care providers 467 Early childhood teachers' assistants 468 Child care workers, n.e.c. 469 Personal service occupations, n.e.c. 473 Farmers, except horticultural 474 Horticultural specialty farmers 475 Managers, farms, except horticultural 476 Managers, horticultural specialty farms 477 Supervisors, farm workers 479 Farm workers 483 Marine life cultivation workers 484 Nursery workers 485 Supervisors, related agricultural occupations 486 Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm 487 Animal caretakers, except farm 488 Graders and sorters, agricultural products 489 Inspectors, agricultural products 494 Supervisors, forestry, and logging workers 495 Forestry workers except logging 496 Timber cutting and logging occupations 497 Captains and other officers, fishing vessels 498 Fishers 499 Hunters and trappers 503 Supervisors, mechanics and repairers 505 Automobile mechanics 506 Automobile mechanic apprentices 507 Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics 508 Aircraft engine mechanics 509 Small engine repairers 514 Automobile body and related repairers 515 Aircraft mechanics, except engine 516 Heavy equipment mechanics 517 Farm equipment mechanics 518 Industrial machinery repairers 519 Machinery maintenance occupations 523 Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment 525 Data processing equipment repairers 526 Household appliance and power tool repairers 527 Telephone line installers and repairers 529 Telephone installers and repairers 533 Misc. electrical and electronic equipment repairers 534 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics 535 Camera, watch, and musical instrument repairers 536 Locksmiths and safe repairers 538 Office machine repairers 539 Mechanical controls and valve repairers 543 Elevator installers and repairers 544 Millwrights 547 Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. 549 Mechanics and repairers, n.s. 553 Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 554 Supervisors, carpenters and related workers 555 Supervisors, electricians and power transmission installers 556 Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers 557 Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 558 Supervisors, construction, n.e.c. 563 Brickmasons and stonemasons 564 Brickmason and stonemason apprentices 565 Tile setters, hard and soft 566 Carpet installers 567 Carpenters 569 Carpenter apprentices 573 Drywall installers 575 Electricians 576 Electrician apprentices 577 Electrical power installers and repairers 579 Painters, construction and maintenance 583 Paperhangers 584 Plasterers 585 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 587 Plumber, pipe fitter, and steamfitter apprentices 588 Concrete and terrazzo finishers 589 Glaziers 593 Insulation workers 594 Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 595 Roofers 596 Sheetmetal duct installers 597 Structural metal workers 598 Drillers, earth 599 Construction trades, n.e.c. 613 Supervisors, extractive occupations 614 Drillers, oil well 615 Explosives workers 616 Mining machine operators 617 Mining occupations, n.e.c. 628 Supervisors, production occupations 634 Tool and die makers 635 Tool and die maker apprentices 636 Precision assemblers, metal 637 Machinists 639 Machinist apprentices 643 Boilermakers 644 Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners 645 Patternmakers and model makers, metal 646 Lay-out workers 647 Precious stones and metals workers (jewelers) 649 Engravers, metal 653 Sheet metal workers 654 Sheet metal worker apprentices 655 Miscellaneous precision metal workers 656 Patternmakers and model makers, wood 657 Cabinet makers and bench carpenters 658 Furniture and wood finishers 659 Miscellaneous precision woodworkers 666 Dressmakers 667 Tailors 668 Upholsterers 669 Shoe repairers 674 Miscellaneous precision apparel and fabric workers 675 Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers 676 Patternmakers, lay-out workers, and cutters 677 Optical goods workers 678 Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians 679 Bookbinders 683 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 684 Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. 686 Butchers and meat cutters 687 Bakers 688 Food batchmakers 689 Inspectors, testers, and graders 693 Adjusters and calibrators 694 Water and sewage treatment plant operators 695 Power plant operators 696 Stationary engineers 699 Miscellaneous plant and system operators 703 Lathe and turning machine set-up operators 704 Lathe and turning machine operators 705 Milling and planing machine operators 706 Punching and stamping press machine operators 707 Rolling machine operators 708 Drilling and boring machine operators 709 Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators 713 Forging machine operators 714 Numerical control machine operators 715 Miscellaneous metal, plastic, stone, and glass working machine operators 717 Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. 719 Molding and casting machine operators 723 Metal plating machine operators 724 Heat treating equipment operators 725 Miscellaneous metal and plastic processing machine operators 726 Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators 727 Sawing machine operators 728 Shaping and joining machine operators 729 Nailing and tacking machine operators 733 Miscellaneous woodworking machine operators 734 Printing press operators 735 Photoengravers and lithographers 736 Typesetters and compositors 737 Miscellaneous printing machine operators 738 Winding and twisting machine operators 739 Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine operators 743 Textile cutting machine operators 744 Textile sewing machine operators 745 Shoe machine operators 747 Pressing machine operators 748 Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 749 Miscellaneous textile machine operators 753 Cementing and gluing machine operators 754 Packaging and filling machine operators 755 Extruding and forming machine operators 756 Mixing and blending machine operators 757 Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators 758 Compressing and compacting machine operators 759 Painting and paint spraying machine operators 763 Roasting and baking machine operators, food 764 Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators 765 Folding machine operators 766 Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food 768 Crushing and grinding machine operators 769 Slicing and cutting machine operators 773 Motion picture projectionists 774 Photographic process machine operators 777 Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. 779 Machine operators, n.s. 783 Welders and cutters 784 Solderers and brazers 785 Assemblers 786 Hand cutting and trimming occupations 787 Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations 789 Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations 793 Hand engraving and printing occupations 795 Miscellaneous hand working occupations 796 Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners 797 Production testers 798 Production samplers and weighers 799 Graders and sorters, except agricultural 803 Supervisors, motor vehicle operators 804 Truck drivers 806 Driver-sales workers 808 Bus drivers 809 Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs 813 Parking lot attendants 814 Motor transportation occupations, n.e.c. 823 Railroad conductors and yardmasters 824 Locomotive operating occupations 825 Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 826 Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. 828 Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats 829 Sailors and deckhands 833 Marine engineers 834 Bridge, lock, and lighthouse tenders 843 Supervisors, material moving equipment operators 844 Operating engineers 845 Longshore equipment operators 848 Hoist and winch operators 849 Crane and tower operators 853 Excavating and loading machine operators 855 Grader, dozer, and scraper operators 856 Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators 859 Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators 864 Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c. 865 Helpers, mechanics and repairers 866 Helpers, construction trades 867 Helpers, surveyor 868 Helpers, extractive occupations 869 Construction laborers 874 Production helpers 875 Garbage collectors 876 Stevedores 877 Stock handlers and baggers 878 Machine feeders and offbearers 883 Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. 885 Garage and service station related occupations 887 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners 888 Hand packers and packagers 889 Laborers, except construction 903 Commissioned Officers and Warrant Officers 904 Non-commissioned Officers and Other Enlisted Personnel 905 Military occupation, rank not specified 909 Last worked 1984 or earlier This variable indicates the respondent's primary occupation, coded into a contemporary census classification scheme. IPUMS Occupational income score United States 1990: Persons with an occupational response [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 04 4 05 5 06 6 09 9 10 10 11 11 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 48 48 49 49 50 50 58 58 61 61 63 63 79 79 This variable indicates occupational income scores to each occupation. IPUMS Duncan Socioeconomic Index United States 1990: Persons with an occupational response [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 56 56 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 72 72 73 73 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 90 90 92 92 93 93 96 96 This variable indicates the Duncan Socioeconomic Index (SEI) score to each occupation. IPUMS Industry, 1950 basis <span class="em">28. Industry or employer</span></p> <p><span class="em">28a. For whom did this person work?</span><div class="i1">If now on active duty in the Armed Forces, fill this circle [] and print the branch of the Armed Forces.<br /><br />____<br />(Name of company, business, or other employer)</div><p>[If the person worked for a company, business, or government agency, print the name of the company, not the name of the person's supervisor. If the person worked for an individual or a business that had no company name, print the name of the individual worked for. If the person worked in his/her own business, print 'self-employed.']</p> <p><span class="em">28b. What kind of business or industry was this?</span><div class="i1">Describe the activity at location where employed.<br /><br />____<br />(For example: hospital, newspaper publishing, mail order house, auto engine manufacturing, retail bakery)</div><p>[Print two or more words to tell what the business, industry, or individual employer named in 28a did. If there is more than one activity, describe only the major activity at the place where the person worked. Enter what is made, what is sold, or what service is given. Some examples of what to enter:</p> <p>Enter a description like the following / Do not enter:</p> <div class="i1">Metal furniture manufacturing / Furniture company<br />Retail grocery store / Grocery store<br />Petroleum refining / Oil company<br />Cattle ranch / Ranch]</div><span class="em">28c. Is this mainly </span>-- Fill one circle</p> <div class="i1">[] Manufacturing<br />[] Wholesale trade<br />[] Retail trade<br />[] Other (agriculture, construction, service, government, etc.)</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who had worked within the previous five years; not new workers [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 105 Agriculture 116 Forestry 126 Fisheries 206 Metal mining 216 Coal mining 226 Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction 236 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel 246 Construction 306 Logging 307 Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work 308 Miscellaneous wood products 309 Furniture and fixtures 316 Glass and glass products 317 Cement, concrete, gypsum and plaster product 318 Structural clay products 319 Pottery and related products 326 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products 336 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mil 337 Other primary iron and steel industries 338 Primary nonferrous industries 346 Fabricated steel products 348 Not specified metal industries 356 Agricultural machinery and tractors 357 Office and store machines and devices 358 Miscellaneous machinery 367 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplie 376 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 377 Aircraft and parts 378 Ship and boat building and repairing 379 Railroad and miscellaneous transportation equipment 386 Professional equipment and supplies 387 Photographic equipment and supplies 388 Watches, clocks, and clockwork-operated devi 399 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 406 Meat products 407 Dairy products 408 Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, a 409 Grain-mill products 416 Bakery products 417 Confectionery and related products 418 Beverage industries 419 Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products 426 Not specified food industries 429 Tobacco manufactures 436 Knitting mills 437 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except knit g 438 Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings 439 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 446 Miscellaneous textile mill products 448 Apparel and accessories 449 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 456 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 457 Paperboard containers and boxes 458 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 459 Printing, publishing, and allied industries 467 Drugs and medicines 468 Paints, varnishes, and related products 469 Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products 476 Petroleum refining 477 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 478 Rubber products 487 Leather: tanned, curried, and finished 488 Footwear, except rubber 489 Leather products, except footwear 506 Railroads and railway express service 516 Street railways and bus lines 526 Trucking service 527 Warehousing and storage 536 Taxicab service 546 Water transportation 556 Air transportation 567 Petroleum and gasoline pipe lines 568 Services incidental to transportation 578 Telephone 579 Telegraph 586 Electric light and power 587 Gas and steam supply systems 588 Electric-gas utilities 596 Water supply 597 Sanitary services 598 Other and not specified utilities 606 Motor vehicles and equipment 607 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 608 Dry goods apparel 609 Food and related products 616 Electrical goods, hardware, and plumbing equ 617 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 618 Petroleum products 619 Farm products--raw materials 626 Miscellaneous wholesale trade 627 Not specified wholesale trade 636 Food stores, except dairy products 637 Dairy products stores and milk retailing 646 General merchandise stores 647 Five and ten cent stores 656 Apparel and accessories stores, except shoe 657 Shoe stores 658 Furniture and house furnishing stores 659 Household appliance and radio stores 667 Motor vehicles and accessories retailing 668 Gasoline service stations 669 Drug stores 679 Eating and drinking places 686 Hardware and farm implement stores 687 Lumber and building material retailing 688 Liquor stores 689 Retail florists 696 Jewelry stores 697 Fuel and ice retailing 698 Miscellaneous retail stores 699 Not specified retail trade 716 Banking and credit agencies 726 Security and commodity brokerage and investment companies 736 Insurance 746 Real estate 806 Advertising 807 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 808 Miscellaneous business services 816 Auto repair services and garages 817 Miscellaneous repair services 826 Private households 836 Hotels and lodging places 846 Laundering, cleaning, and dyeing services 847 Dressmaking shops 848 Shoe repair shops 849 Miscellaneous personal services 856 Radio broadcasting and television 857 Theaters and motion pictures 858 Bowling alleys, and billiard and pool parlors 859 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 868 Medical and other health services, except hospi 869 Hospitals 879 Legal services 888 Educational services 896 Welfare and religious services 897 Nonprofit membership organizations 898 Engineering and architectural services 899 Miscellaneous professional and related services 906 Postal service 916 Federal public administration 936 Local public administration This variable indicates the industry code according to the 1950 Census Bureau industrial classification system and thus enhances comparability of industry data across all years included in the IPUMS. IPUMS Industry <span class="em">28. Industry or employer</span></p> <p><span class="em">28a. For whom did this person work?</span><div class="i1">If now on active duty in the Armed Forces, fill this circle [] and print the branch of the Armed Forces.<br /><br />____<br />(Name of company, business, or other employer)</div><p>[If the person worked for a company, business, or government agency, print the name of the company, not the name of the person's supervisor. If the person worked for an individual or a business that had no company name, print the name of the individual worked for. If the person worked in his/her own business, print 'self-employed.']</p> <p><span class="em">28b. What kind of business or industry was this?</span><div class="i1">Describe the activity at location where employed.<br /><br />____<br />(For example: hospital, newspaper publishing, mail order house, auto engine manufacturing, retail bakery)</div><p>[Print two or more words to tell what the business, industry, or individual employer named in 28a did. If there is more than one activity, describe only the major activity at the place where the person worked. Enter what is made, what is sold, or what service is given. Some examples of what to enter:</p> <p>Enter a description like the following / Do not enter:</p> <div class="i1">Metal furniture manufacturing / Furniture company<br />Retail grocery store / Grocery store<br />Petroleum refining / Oil company<br />Cattle ranch / Ranch]</div><span class="em">28c. Is this mainly </span>-- Fill one circle</p> <div class="i1">[] Manufacturing<br />[] Wholesale trade<br />[] Retail trade<br />[] Other (agriculture, construction, service, government, etc.)</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who had worked within the previous five years; not new workers [not verifiable] 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 Agricultural production, crops 011 Agricultural production, livestock 012 Veterinary services 020 Landscape and horticultural services 030 Agricultural services, n.e.c. 031 Forestry 032 Fishing, hunting, and trapping 040 Metal mining 041 Coal mining 042 Oil and gas extraction 050 Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuels 060 All construction 100 Meat products 101 Dairy products 102 Canned, frozen, and preserved fruits and vegetables 110 Grain mill products 111 Bakery products 112 Sugar and confectionery products 120 Beverage industries 121 Misc. food preparations and kindred products 122 Food industries, n.s. 130 Tobacco manufactures 132 Knitting mills 140 Dyeing and finishing textiles, except wool and knit goods 141 Carpets and rugs 142 Yarn, thread, and fabric mills 150 Miscellaneous textile mill products 151 Apparel and accessories, except knit 152 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 160 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 161 Miscellaneous paper and pulp products 162 Paperboard containers and boxes 171 Newspaper publishing and printing 172 Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers 180 Plastics, synthetics, and resins 181 Drugs 182 Soaps and cosmetics 190 Paints, varnishes, and related products 191 Agricultural chemicals 192 Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals 200 Petroleum refining 201 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 210 Tires and inner tubes 211 Other rubber products, and plastics footwear and belting 212 Miscellaneous plastics products 220 Leather tanning and finishing 221 Footwear, except rubber and plastic 222 Leather products, except footwear 230 Logging 231 Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork 232 Wood buildings and mobile homes 241 Miscellaneous wood products 242 Furniture and fixtures 250 Glass and glass products 251 Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 252 Structural clay products 261 Pottery and related products 262 Misc. nonmetallic mineral and stone products 270 Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills 271 Iron and steel foundries 272 Primary aluminum industries 280 Other primary metal industries 281 Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware 282 Fabricated structural metal products 290 Screw machine products 291 Metal forgings and stampings 292 Ordnance 300 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 301 Metal industries, n.s. 310 Engines and turbines 311 Farm machinery and equipment 312 Construction and material handling machines 320 Metalworking machinery 321 Office and accounting machines 322 Computers and related equipment 331 Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c. 332 Machinery, n.s. 340 Household appliances 341 Radio, TV, and communication equipment 342 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c. 350 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.s. 351 Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment 352 Aircraft and parts 360 Ship and boat building and repairing 361 Railroad locomotives and equipment 362 Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts 370 Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment 371 Scientific and controlling instruments 372 Medical, dental, and optical instruments and supplies 380 Photographic equipment and supplies 381 Watches, clocks, and clockwork operated devices 390 Toys, amusement, and sporting goods 391 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 392 Manufacturing industries, n.s. 400 Railroads 401 Bus service and urban transit 402 Taxicab service 410 Trucking service 411 Warehousing and storage 412 U.S. Postal Service 420 Water transportation 421 Air transportation 422 Pipe lines, except natural gas 432 Services incidental to transportation 440 Radio and television broadcasting and cable 441 Telephone communications 442 Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services 450 Electric light and power 451 Gas and steam supply systems 452 Electric and gas, and other combinations 470 Water supply and irrigation 471 Sanitary services 472 Utilities, n.s. 500 Motor vehicles and equipment 501 Furniture and home furnishings 502 Lumber and construction materials 510 Professional and commercial equipment and supplies 511 Metals and minerals, except petroleum 512 Electrical goods 521 Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies 530 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 531 Scrap and waste materials 532 Miscellaneous wholesale, durable goods 540 Paper and paper products 541 Drugs, chemicals, and allied products 542 Apparel, fabrics, and notions 550 Groceries and related products 551 Farm-product raw materials 552 Petroleum products 560 Alcoholic beverages 561 Farm supplies 562 Miscellaneous wholesale, nondurable goods 571 Wholesale trade, n.s. 580 Lumber and building material retailing 581 Hardware stores 582 Retail nurseries and garden stores 590 Mobile home dealers 591 Department stores 592 Variety stores 600 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores 601 Grocery stores 602 Dairy products stores 610 Retail bakeries 611 Food stores, n.e.c. 612 Motor vehicle dealers 620 Auto and home supply stores 621 Gasoline service stations 622 Miscellaneous vehicle dealers 623 Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe 630 Shoe stores 631 Furniture and home furnishings stores 632 Household appliance stores 633 Radio, TV, and computer stores 640 Music stores 641 Eating and drinking places 642 Drug stores 650 Liquor stores 651 Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores 652 Book and stationery stores 660 Jewelry stores 661 Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops 662 Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores 663 Catalog and mail order houses 670 Vending machine operators 671 Direct selling establishments 672 Fuel dealers 681 Retail florists 682 Miscellaneous retail stores 691 Retail trade, n.s. 700 Banking 701 Savings institutions, including credit unions 702 Credit agencies, n.e.c. 710 Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies 711 Insurance 712 Real estate, including real estate-insurance offices 721 Advertising 722 Services to dwellings and other buildings 731 Personnel supply services 732 Computer and data processing services 740 Detective and protective services 741 Business services, n.e.c. 742 Automotive rental and leasing, without drivers 750 Automobile parking and carwashes 751 Automotive repair and related services 752 Electrical repair shops 760 Miscellaneous repair services 761 Private households 762 Hotels and motels 770 Lodging places, except hotels and motels 771 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services 772 Beauty shops 780 Barber shops 781 Funeral service and crematories 782 Shoe repair shops 790 Dressmaking shops 791 Miscellaneous personal services 800 Theaters and motion pictures 801 Video tape rental 802 Bowling centers 810 Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services 812 Offices and clinics of physicians 820 Offices and clinics of dentists 821 Offices and clinics of chiropractors 822 Offices and clinics of optometrists 830 Offices and clinics of health practitioners, n.e.c. 831 Hospitals 832 Nursing and personal care facilities 840 Health services, n.e.c. 841 Legal services 842 Elementary and secondary schools 850 Colleges and universities 851 Vocational schools 852 Libraries 860 Educational services, n.e.c. 861 Job training and vocational rehabilitation services 862 Child day care services 863 Family child care homes 870 Residential care facilities, without nursing 871 Social services, n.e.c. 872 Museums, art galleries, and zoos 873 Labor unions 880 Religious organizations 881 Membership organizations, n.e.c. 882 Engineering, architectural, and surveying services 890 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services 891 Research, development, and testing services 892 Management and public relations services 893 Miscellaneous professional and related services 900 Executive and legislative offices 901 General government, n.e.c. 910 Justice, public order, and safety 921 Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy 922 Administration of human resources programs 930 Administration of environmental quality and housing programs 931 Administration of economic programs 932 National security and international affairs 940 Army 941 Air Force 942 Navy 950 Marines 951 Coast Guard 952 Armed Forces, branch not specified 960 Military Reserves or National Guard 992 Last worked 1984 or earlier This variable indicates the type of industry in which the person performed an occupation. IPUMS Class of worker <svar a="all" v="US90A456"><span class="em">30. Was this person </span>-- Fill one circle<br /><div class="i1">[] Employee of a private for profit company or business or of an individual, for wages, salary, or commissions<br />[] Employee of a private not-for-profit, tax-exempt, or charitable organization<br />[] Local government employee (city, county, etc.)<br />[] State government employee<br />[] Federal government employee<br />[] Self-employed in own not incorporated business, professional practice, or farm<br />[] Self-employed in own incorporated business, professional practice, or farm<br />[] Working without pay in family business or farm</div><br /><br />[Mark Employee of a private not-for-profit organization if the person worked for a cooperative, credit union, mutual insurance company, or similar organization. Employees of foreign governments, the United Nations, and other international organizations should mark private not-for-profit organization. For persons who worked at a public school, college or university, mark the appropriate government category; for example, mark State government employee for a state university, or mark Local government employee for a county-run community college or a city-run public school.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who had worked within the previous five years [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 13 Self-employed, not incorporated 14 Self-employed, incorporated 22 Wage/salary, private 23 Wage/salary at non-profit 25 Federal government employee 27 State government employee 28 Local government employee 29 Unpaid family worker This variable indicates whether respondents worked for their own enterprise(s) or for someone else as employees. IPUMS Weeks worked last year <span class="em">31a. Last year (1989), did this person work, even for a few days, at a paid job or in a business or farm? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No -- Skip to 32</div><p>[Look at the instructions for question 21a to see what to count as work.]</p> <p><span class="em">31b. How many weeks did this person work in 1989? </span> <br />Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military service.</p> <div class="i1">____ Weeks</div><p>[Count every week in which the person did any work at all, even for an hour.]</p> <p><span class="em">31c. During the weeks worked in 1989, how many hours did this person usually work each week? </span><div class="i1">____ Hours</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, worked last year [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 This variable indicates the number of weeks that the respondent worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Weeks worked last year, intervalled <span class="em">31a. Last year (1989), did this person work, even for a few days, at a paid job or in a business or farm? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No -- Skip to 32</div><p>[Look at the instructions for question 21a to see what to count as work.]</p> <p><span class="em">31b. How many weeks did this person work in 1989? </span> <br />Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military service.</p> <div class="i1">____ Weeks</div><p>[Count every week in which the person did any work at all, even for an hour.]</p> <p><span class="em">31c. During the weeks worked in 1989, how many hours did this person usually work each week? </span><div class="i1">____ Hours</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, worked last year [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 -13 weeks 2 14 -26 weeks 3 27 -39 weeks 4 40 -47 weeks 5 48 -49 weeks 6 50 -52 weeks This variable indicates the number of weeks that the respondent worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Hours worked last week <span class="em">21a. Did this person work at any time last week?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes -- Fill this circle if this person worked full time or part time. (Count as part-time work such as delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm. Also count active duty in the Armed Forces.)<br />[] No -- Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. -- Skip to 25.</div><p>[Count as work - Mark yes:</p> <div class="i1">- Work for someone else for wages, salary, piece rate, commission, tips, or payments "in kind" (for example, food, lodging received as payment for work performed).<br />- Work in own business, professional practice, or farm.<br />- Any work in a family business or farm, paid or not.<br />- Any part-time work including babysitting, paper routes, etc.<br />- Active duty in Armed Forces.</div><p>Do not count as work - Mark no:</p> <div class="i1">- Housework or yard work at home.<br />- Unpaid volunteer work.<br />- School work.<br />- Work done as a resident of an institution.]</div><span class="em">21b. How many hours did this person work last week (at all jobs)? </span><div class="i1">Subtract any time off. Add overtime or extra hours worked.<br /><br />____ Hours</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, at work last week [discprepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 + This variable indicates the total number of hours the respondent was at work during the previous week. IPUMS Hours worked last week, intervalled <span class="em">21a. Did this person work at any time last week?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes -- Fill this circle if this person worked full time or part time. (Count as part-time work such as delivering papers, or helping without pay in a family business or farm. Also count active duty in the Armed Forces.)<br />[] No -- Fill this circle if this person did not work, or did only own housework, school work, or volunteer work. -- Skip to 25.</div><p>[Count as work - Mark yes:</p> <div class="i1">- Work for someone else for wages, salary, piece rate, commission, tips, or payments "in kind" (for example, food, lodging received as payment for work performed).<br />- Work in own business, professional practice, or farm.<br />- Any work in a family business or farm, paid or not.<br />- Any part-time work including babysitting, paper routes, etc.<br />- Active duty in Armed Forces.</div><p>Do not count as work - Mark no:</p> <div class="i1">- Housework or yard work at home.<br />- Unpaid volunteer work.<br />- School work.<br />- Work done as a resident of an institution.]</div><span class="em">21b. How many hours did this person work last week (at all jobs)? </span><div class="i1">Subtract any time off. Add overtime or extra hours worked.<br /><br />____ Hours</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, at work last week [discprepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 -14 hours 2 15 -29 hours 3 30 -34 hours 4 35 -39 hours 5 40 hours 6 41 -48 hours 7 49 -59 hours 8 60 hours + This variable indicates the total number of hours the respondent was at work during the previous week. IPUMS Usual hours worked per week <span class="em">31a. Last year (1989), did this person work, even for a few days, at a paid job or in a business or farm? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No -- Skip to 32</div><p>[Look at the instructions for question 21a to see what to count as work.]</p> <p><span class="em">31b. How many weeks did this person work in 1989? </span> <br />Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military service.</p> <div class="i1">____ Weeks</div><p>[Count every week in which the person did any work at all, even for an hour.]</p> <p><span class="em">31c. During the weeks worked in 1989, how many hours did this person usually work each week? </span><div class="i1">____ Hours</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, worked last year [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 This variable indicates the number of hours per week that the respondent usually worked, if the person worked during the previous year. IPUMS Year last worked <svar a="all" v="US90A462"><span class="em">27. When did this person last work, even for a few days?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] 1990 -- Go to 28<br />[] 1989 -- Go to 28<br />[] 1988 -- Go to 28<br />[] 1980 to 1984 -- Skip to 32<br />[] 1979 or earlier -- Skip to 32<br />[] Never worked -- Skip to 32<br />[] 1985 to 1987 -- Go to 28</div><br /><br />[Look at the instructions for question 21a to see what to count as work. Mark never worked if the person: (1) never worked at any kind of job or business, either full or part time, (2) never did any work, with or without pay, in a family business or farm, and (3) never served in the Armed Forces.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who did not work last week [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Worked current year 2 Worked previous year 3 Worked 2 years prior 4 Worked 3 -5 years ago 5 Worked 6 -10 years ago 6 Worked more than 10 years ago 7 Never worked This variable indicates the year in which the respondent last worked for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker. IPUMS Worked last year United States 1990: Persons age 16+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes This variable indicates whether the person had worked at all for profit, pay, or as an unpaid family worker during the previous year. IPUMS Absent from work last week <span class="em">31a. Last year (1989), did this person work, even for a few days, at a paid job or in a business or farm? </span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No -- Skip to 32</div><p>[Look at the instructions for question 21a to see what to count as work.]</p> <p><span class="em">31b. How many weeks did this person work in 1989? </span> <br />Count paid vacation, paid sick leave, and military service.</p> <div class="i1">____ Weeks</div><p>[Count every week in which the person did any work at all, even for an hour.]</p> <p><span class="em">31c. During the weeks worked in 1989, how many hours did this person usually work each week? </span><div class="i1">____ Hours</div> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, not at work during the previous week [discrepancies: type I: none, type II: 3.7%] NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes, laid off 3 Yes, other reason (vacation, illness, labor disput 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether persons who did not work during the previous week had a job or business from which they were temporarily absent and, if so, whether they were absent due to a layoff or for some other reason. IPUMS Looking for work <svar a="all" v="US90A466"><span class="em">26a. Has this person been looking for work during the last 4 weeks?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No -- Skip to 27</div><br /><br />[Mark yes if the person tried to get a job or to start a business or professional practice at any time in the last 4 weeks; for example, registered at an employment office, went to a job interview, placed or answered ads, or did anything toward starting a business or professional practice.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, not at work during previous week [discrepancies: type I: none, type II: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, did not look for work 2 Yes, looked for work 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether or not persons who did not work during the previous week had actively sought a job or pursued opening their own business or professional practice within the past four weeks. IPUMS Available for work <svar a="all" v="US90A467"><span class="em">26b. Could this person have taken a job last week if one had been offered?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] No, already has job<br />[] No, temporarily ill<br />[] No, other reasons (in school, etc.)<br />[] Yes, could have taken job</div><br /><br />[Mark no, already has a job if the person was on layoff or was expecting to report to a job within 30 days. Mark no, temporarily ill if the person expects to be able to work within 30 days. Mark no, other reasons if the person could not have taken a job because he or she was going to school, taking care of children, etc.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, not at work during previous week and actively looking for work [discrepancies: type I: 0.3%, type II: 0.1%] NIU (not in universe) 1 No, already has job 2 No, temporarily ill 3 No, other reason(s) 4 Yes, available for work This variable indicates whether or not persons who did not work during the previous week and were actively seeking a job or planning to open their own business or professional practice were currently available to take any work they might find. IPUMS Total personal income <svar v="US90A468"><span class="em">16. When was this person born?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Born before April 1, 1975 -- go to 17a<br />[] Born April 1, 1975 or later -- go to questions for the next person</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v=" US90A054 US90A468 US90A470 US90A477"><span class="em">33. What was this person's total income in 1989? </span><br /><div class="i1">Add entries in questions 32a through 32h; subtract any losses. If total amount was a loss, write "loss" above amount.<br /><br />[] None<br /><br />Or</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons This variable indicates each respondent's total pre-tax personal income or losses from all sources for the previous year. This is a 6-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Wage and salary income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A469"><span class="em">32a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs </span><br /><div class="i1">Report amount before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.<br /><br />[] Yes</div><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /><div class="i1">[] No</div><br /><br />[Include wages and salaries from all jobs before deductions. Be sure to include any tips, commissions, or bonuses. Owners of incorporated businesses should enter their salary here. Military personnel should include base pay plus cash housing and/or subsistence allowance, flight pay, uniform allotments, reenlistment bonuses, etc.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each respondent's total pre-tax wage and salary income for the previous year. US90A469 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999999 = NIU. IPUMS Poverty status <svar a="all" v=" US90A054 US90A468 US90A470 US90A477"><span class="em">33. What was this person's total income in 1989? </span><br /><div class="i1">Add entries in questions 32a through 32h; subtract any losses. If total amount was a loss, write "loss" above amount.<br /><br />[] None<br /><br />Or</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates each family's total income for the previous year as a percentage of the poverty thresholds established by the Social Security Administration in 1964 and subsequently revised in 1980, adjusted for inflation. US90A470 is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Non-farm business income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A471"><span class="em">32b. Self-employment income from own nonfarm business, including proprietorship and partnership</span><br /><div class="i1">Report net income after business expenses.<br /><br />[] Yes</div><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /><div class="i1">[] No</div><br /><br />[Include non-farm profit (or loss) from self-employment in sole proprietorships and partnerships. Exclude profit (or loss) of incorporated businesses you own.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the respondent's net pre-income-tax non-farm business and/or professional practice income for the previous calendar year. US90A471 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes-9999 = loss 9999 or more. 999999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,999. IPUMS Farm income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A472"><span class="em">32c. Farm self-employment income </span><br /><div class="i1">Report net income after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper.<br /><br />[] Yes</div><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /><div class="i1">[] No</div><br /><br />[Include farm profit (or loss) from self-employment in sole proprietorships and partnerships. Exclude profit (or loss) of incorporated farm businesses you own. Also exclude amounts from land rented for cash but include amounts from land rented for shares.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the respondent's net pre-income-tax earnings as a tenant farmer, sharecropper, or operator of his/her own farm during the previous calendar year. US90A472 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes-9999 = loss 9999 or more. 999999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,999. IPUMS Social Security income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A473"><span class="em">32e. Social Security or Railroad Retirement </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes</div><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /><div class="i1">[] No</div><br /><br />[Include Social Security (and/or Railroad Retirement) payments to retired persons, to dependents of deceased insured workers, and to disabled workers before Medicare deductions.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 15+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates how much pre-tax income (if any) the respondent received from Social Security pensions, survivors benefits, or permanent disability insurance, as well as U.S. government Railroad Retirement insurance payments, during the previous year. US90A473 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes99999 = NIU. IPUMS Welfare (public assistance) income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A474"><span class="em">32f. Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), or other public assistance or public welfare payments. </span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes</div><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /><div class="i1">[] No</div><br /><br />[Include Supplemental Security Income received by aged, blind, or disabled persons, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, or income from other government programs such as general or emergency assistance. Do not include assistance received from private charities. Exclude assistance to pay for heating (cooling) costs.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 15+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates how much pre-tax income (if any) the respondent received during the previous year from various public assistance programs commonly referred to as "welfare." US90A474 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes99999 = NIU. IPUMS Interest, dividend, and rental income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A475"><span class="em">32d. Interest, dividends, net rental income or royalty income, or income from estates and trusts</span><br /><div class="i1">Report even small amounts credited to an account.<br /><br />[] Yes</div><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /><div class="i1">[] No</div><br /><br />[Include interest received or credited to checking and savings accounts, money market funds, certificates of deposit (CDS), IRAs, KEOGHs, and government bonds. Include dividends received, credited, or reinvested from ownership of stocks or mutual funds. Include profit (or loss) from royalties and the rental of land, buildings or real estate, or from roomers or boarders. Income received by self-employed persons whose primary source of income is from renting property or from royalties should be included in questions 32b or 32c above. Include regular payments from an estate or trust fund.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 15+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates how much pre-tax money the respondent received or lost during the previous year in the form of income from an estate or trust, interest, dividends, royalties, and rents received. US90A475 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes-9999 = loss 9999 or more. 999999 = NIU. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is -$9,999. IPUMS Total personal earned income <svar a="all" v=" US90A054 US90A468 US90A470 US90A477"><span class="em">33. What was this person's total income in 1989? </span><br /><div class="i1">Add entries in questions 32a through 32h; subtract any losses. If total amount was a loss, write "loss" above amount.<br /><br />[] None<br /><br />Or</div><br /><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons This variable indicates income earned from wages or a person's own business or farm for the previous year. US90A477 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes000000 = No earnings. 19996 = $19,996 or less. 284000 = $284,000+. Bottom codes:Bottomcode is $19,996. Top codes:Topcode is $284,000. IPUMS Other income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A478"><span class="em">32h. Any other sources of income received regularly such as Veterans' (VA) payments, unemployment compensation, child support, or alimony </span><br /><div class="i1">Do not include lump-sum payments such as money from an inheritance or the sale of a home.<br /><br />[] Yes</div><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /><div class="i1">[] No</div><br /><br />[Include Veterans' (VA) disability compensation and educational assistance payments (VEAP), unemployment compensation, child support or alimony, and all other regular payments such as Armed Forces transfer payments; assistance from private charities; regular contributions from persons not living in the household, etc.<br /><br />[Do not include the following as income in any item:<br /><br /><div class="i1">- Refunds or rebates of any kind<br />- Withdrawals from savings of any kind<br />- Capital gains or losses from the sale of homes, shares of stock, etc.<br />- Inheritances or insurance settlements<br />- Any type of loan<br />- Pay in-kind such as food, free rent, etc.]</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 15+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates how much of each respondent's total money income (or losses) came from sources not included in the other IPUMS person-record income variables. US90A478 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes99999 = NIU. IPUMS Migration status, 5 years <svar a="all" v="US90A479"><span class="em">14a. Did this person live in this house or apartment 5 years ago (on April 1, 1985)?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Born after April 1, 1985 -- Go to questions for the next person<br />[] Yes -- Skip to 15a<br />[] No</div><br /><br />[Mark yes if this person lived in this same house or apartment on April 1, 1985, even if he/she moved away and came back since then. Mark no if this person lived in the same building but in a different apartment (or in the same mobile home or trailer but on a different lot or trailer site).]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Same house 2 Place not reported This variable indicates whether a person age 5+ had changed residence since a reference point 5 years ago. IPUMS State or country of residence 5 years ago <span class="em">14 b. Where did this person live 5 years ago (on April 1, 1985)?</span><div class="i1"><span class="em">(1) Name of U.S. State or foreign country</span> ____<br /><br />(If outside U.S., print answer above and skip to 15a.)<br /><br />[If this person lived in a different house or apartment on April 1, 1985, give the location of this person's usual home at that time.]</div><div class="i1"><span class="em">(2) Name of county in the U.S.</span> ____<br /><br />[If the person lived in the United States on April 1, 1985, print the name of the State (or District of Columbia) where he or she lived. Continue with parts (2) through (4). If the person lived in a U.S. territory or commonwealth, print the name of the territory or commonwealth, such as Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or Northern Marianas. Then go to question 15a. If the person lived outside the United States, print the name of the foreign country or area where he or she lived. Specify whether Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland (Eire); East or West Germany; North or South Korea; England, Scotland or Wales (not Great Britain or United Kingdom). Specify the particular country or island in the Caribbean (not, for example, West Indies). Then go to question 15a.]</div> United States 1990: Persons age 5+ who lived in different house 5 years ago [discrepancies: none] 000 NIU (not in universe) 001 Alabama 002 Alaska 004 Arizona 005 Arkansas 006 California 008 Colorado 009 Connecticut 010 Delaware 011 District of Columbia 012 Florida 013 Georgia 015 Hawaii 016 Idaho 017 Illinois 018 Indiana 019 Iowa 020 Kansas 021 Kentucky 022 Louisiana 023 Maine 024 Maryland 025 Massachusetts 026 Michigan 027 Minnesota 028 Mississippi 029 Missouri 030 Montana 031 Nebraska 032 Nevada 033 New Hampshire 034 New Jersey 035 New Mexico 036 New York 037 North Carolina 038 North Dakota 039 Ohio 040 Oklahoma 041 Oregon 042 Pennsylvania 044 Rhode Island 045 South Carolina 046 South Dakota 047 Tennessee 048 Texas 049 Utah 050 Vermont 051 Virginia 053 Washington 054 West Virginia 055 Wisconsin 056 Wyoming 110 Puerto Rico 911 Abroad, n.s. This variable indicates the U.S. state or the foreign country where the respondent was living 5 years ago. IPUMS Metropolitan area of residence 5 years ago <svar a="all" v="US90A481 US90A483"><div class="i1"><span class="em">(3) Name of city or town in the U.S.</span> ____<br /><br />[If the person lived in Louisiana, print the parish name. If the person lived in Alaska, print the borough name. If the person lived in New York city and the county name is not known, print the borough name. If the person lived in an independent city (not in any county) or in Washington, D.C. leave blank and enter the city name in part (3).]</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 5+ who did not live in the same house 5 years ago and resided in an identifiable metropolitan area [not verifiable] 0000 NIU (not in universe) 0040 Abilene, TX 0080 Undocumented 0160 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 0200 Albuquerque, NM 0220 Alexandria, LA 0240 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA 0280 Altoona, PA 0320 Amarillo, TX 0380 Anchorage, AK 0400 Anderson, IN 0440 Ann Arbor, MI 0450 Anniston, AL 0460 Appleton-Oskosh-Neenah, WI 0480 Asheville, NC 0520 Atlanta, GA 0560 Atlantic City, NJ 0600 Augusta, GA-SC 0640 Austin, TX 0680 Bakersfield, CA 0720 Baltimore, MD 0760 Baton Rouge, LA 0780 Battle Creek, MI 0840 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 0860 Bellingham, WA 0870 Benton Harbor, MI 0880 Billings, MT 0920 Biloxi-Gulfport, MS 0960 Binghamton, NY 1000 Birmingham, AL 1020 Bloomington, IN 1040 Bloomington-Normal, IL 1080 Boise City, ID 1120 Boston, MA 1121 Lawrence-Haverhill, MA/NH 1122 Lowell, MA/NH 1123 Salem-Gloucester, MA 1140 Bradenton, FL 1150 Bremerton, WA 1160 Bridgeport, CT 1200 Brockton, MA 1240 Brownsville - Harlingen-San Benito, TX 1260 Bryan-College Station, TX 1280 Buffalo, NY 1281 [no label] 1300 [no label] 1320 Canton, OH 1360 Cedar Rapids, IA 1400 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL 1440 Charleston, SC 1520 Charlotte, NC 1560 Chattanooga, TN 1600 Chicago, IL 1601 [no label] 1602 Gary-Hammond-East Chicago, IN 1603 [no label] 1604 [no label] 1620 Chico, CA 1640 Cincinnati, OH-KY 1660 Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN/KY 1680 Cleveland, OH 1720 Colorado Springs, CO 1740 Columbia, MO 1760 Columbia, SC 1840 Columbus, OH 1880 Corpus Christi, TX 1920 Dallas, TX 1921 Fort Worth, TX 1930 Danbury, CT 1950 Danville, VA 1960 Davenport-Rock Island- Moline, IA/IL 2000 Dayton, OH 2020 Daytona Beach, FL 2030 Decatur, AL 2040 Decatur, IL 2080 Denver, CO 2081 Boulder-Longmont, CO 2120 Des Moines, IA 2160 Detroit, MI 2240 Duluth, MN 2290 Eau Claire, WI 2310 El Paso, TX 2320 Elkhart-Goshen, IA 2360 Erie, PA 2400 Eugene-Springfield, OR 2560 Fayetteville, NC 2580 Fayetteville-Springdale, AR 2640 Flint, MI 2650 Florence, AL 2660 Florence, SC 2670 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO 2680 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach, FL 2700 Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL 2710 Fort Pierce, FL 2760 Fort Wayne, IN 2840 Fresno, CA 2900 Gainesville, FL 2920 [no label] 3000 Grand Rapids, MI 3060 Greeley, CO 3120 Greensboro-High Point, NC 3160 Greenville-Spartenburg-Anderson, SC 3161 [no label] 3180 Hagerstown, MD 3200 Hamilton-Middleton, OH 3240 Harrisburg, PA 3280 Hartford, CT 3283 [no label] 3290 Hickory-Morgantown, NC 3320 Balance of Honolulu 3350 Houma-Thibodoux, LA 3360 Houston, TX 3361 Brazoria, TX 3480 Indianapolis, IN 3520 Jackson, MI 3560 [no label] 3590 Jacksonville, FL 3600 Jacksonville, NC 3610 Jamestown-Dunkirk, NY 3620 Janesville-Beloit, WI 3660 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN/VA 3680 Johnstown, PA 3710 Joplin, MO 3720 Kalamazo, MI 3760 Kansas City, MO/KS 3800 Kenosha, WI 3810 Killeen-Temple, TX 3840 Knoxville, TN 3880 Lafayette, LA 3920 Lafayette-W.Lafayette, IN 3980 Lakeland-Winterhaven, FL 4000 Lancaster, PA 4040 Lansing, MI 4100 Las Cruces, NM 4120 Las Vegas, NV 4280 Lexington-Fayette, KY 4320 Lima, OH 4360 Lincoln, NE 4400 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR 4420 Longview-Marshall, TX 4440 Lorain-Elyria, OH 4480 Los Angeles, CA 4481 [no label] 4520 Louisville, KY/IN 4600 Lubbock, TX 4680 Bibb, GA 4720 Madison, WI 4800 Mansfield, OH 4880 McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr-Mission, TX 4890 Medford, OR 4900 Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa-Palm Bay, FL 4920 Memphis, TN 4940 Merced, CA 5000 Miami, FL 5040 [no label] 5080 Milwaukee, WI 5120 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 5160 Mobile, AL 5170 Modesto, CA 5190 Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5200 Monroe, LA 5240 Montgomery, AL 5280 Muncie, IN 5360 Nashville, TN 5400 Bristol, MA 5480 New Haven, CT 5520 New London-Norwich, CT-RI 5560 New Orleans, LA 5600 New York-Northeastern NJ 5601 Nassau-Suffolk, NY 5602 Bergen-Passaic, NJ 5603 Jersey City, NJ 5604 Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 5605 Newark, NJ 5720 Norfolk-Portsmouth, VA 5790 Ocala, FL 5800 Odessa, TX 5880 Oklahoma City, OK 5910 Olympia, WA 5920 Omaha, NE 5950 Orange, NY 5960 Orlando, FL 6030 [no label] 6080 Pensacola, FL 6120 Peoria, IL 6160 Philadelphia, PA/NJ 6200 Phoenix, AZ 6280 Pittsburgh, PA 6440 Portland, OR/WA 6441 [no label] 6480 Providence, RI 6481 Fall River, MA 6482 [no label] 6520 Provo-Urem, UT 6560 Pueblo, CO 6600 Racine, WI 6640 Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 6680 Reading, PA 6690 Redding, CA 6720 Reno, NV 6740 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA 6760 Richmond, VA 6780 Riverside, CA 6800 [no label] 6820 Rochester, MN 6840 Rochester, NY 6880 Rockford, IL 6920 Sacramento, CA 6960 Saginaw, MI 6980 St. Cloud, MN 7040 St. Louis, MO/IL 7080 Salem, OR 7120 Salinas-Sea Side-Monterey, CA 7160 Salt Lake City, UT 7240 San Antonio, TX 7320 San Diego, CA 7360 San Francisco-Oakland, CA 7361 Oakland, CA 7362 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA 7400 San Jose, CA 7470 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA 7480 Santa Cruz, CA 7490 Santa Fe, NM 7500 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA 7510 Sarasota, FL 7520 Savannah, GA 7560 Scranton, PA 7600 Seattle, WA 7610 Sharon, PA 7680 Shreveport, LA 7800 South Bend, IN 7840 Spokane, WA 7880 Springfield, IL 7920 Springfield, MO 8000 Springfield-Holyoke, MA 8040 Stamford, CT 8050 State College, PA 8120 Stockton, CA 8160 Syracuse, NY 8200 Tacoma, WA 8280 Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL 8320 Terre Haute, IN 8400 Toledo, OH 8480 Trenton, NJ 8520 Tucson, AZ 8560 Tulsa, OK 8600 Tuscaloosa, AL 8640 Tyler, TX 8680 Utica-Rome, NY 8730 Ventura-Oxnard-Simi Valley 8760 Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ 8780 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA 8800 Waco, TX 8840 Washington, DC/MD/VA 8880 Waterbury, CT 8920 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 8940 Wausau, WI 8960 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton -Delray Beach, FL 9040 Wichita, KS 9080 Wichita Falls, TX 9140 Williamsport, PA 9160 Wilmington, DE 9200 Wilmington, NC 9240 Worcester, MA 9260 Yakima, WA 9280 York, PA 9320 Youngstown, OH/PA 9340 Yuba City, CA 9360 Yuma, AZ This variable indicates in which metropolitan area, if any, the respondent lived 5 years ago, if the size of the metropolitan area was large enough to be identified by name under confidentiality requirements. IPUMS City of residence 5 years ago <svar a="all" v="US90A481 US90A483"><div class="i1"><span class="em">(3) Name of city or town in the U.S.</span> ____<br /><br />[If the person lived in Louisiana, print the parish name. If the person lived in Alaska, print the borough name. If the person lived in New York city and the county name is not known, print the borough name. If the person lived in an independent city (not in any county) or in Washington, D.C. leave blank and enter the city name in part (3).]</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 5+ who lived in a different house in the US 5 years ago, and lived in an identifiable city [not verfiable] 0000 Not in identifiable city (or size group) and NIU 0050 Albany, NY 0090 Alexandria, VA 0210 Anchorage, AK 0270 Ann Arbor, MI 0290 Arlington, TX 0310 Arlington, VA 0450 Aurora, CO 0490 Austin, TX 0510 Bakersfield, CA 0530 Baltimore, MD 0590 Baton Rouge, LA 0670 Beaumont, TX 0810 Boston, MA 0830 Bridgeport, CT 0890 Buffalo, NY 1110 Chattanooga, TN 1150 Chesapeake, VA 1190 Chicago, IL 1250 Chula Vista, CA 1330 Cleveland, OH 1390 Colorado Springs, CO 1710 Denver, CO 1730 Des Moines, IA 1750 Detroit, MI 1910 East Los Angeles, CA 1990 El Monte, CA 2050 Elizabeth, NJ 2110 Escondido, CA 2130 Eugene, OR 2270 Flint, MI 2290 Fort Lauderdale, FL 2330 Fort Wayne, IN 2350 Fort Worth, TX 2370 Fresno, CA 2430 Garden Grove, CA 2450 Garland, TX 2470 Gary, IN 2490 Glendale, CA 2530 Grand Rapids, MI 2570 Greensboro, NC 2650 Hampton, VA 2710 Hartford, CT 2770 Hialeah, FL 2830 Hollywood, FL 3010 Inglewood, CA 3030 Irving, TX 3090 Jackson, MS 3150 Jersey City, NJ 3330 Knoxville, TN 3410 Lakewood, CO 3470 Lansing, MI 3590 Lexington-Fayette, KY 3670 Livonia, MI 3690 Long Beach, CA 3730 Los Angeles, CA 3750 Louisville, KY 3770 Lowell, MA 4010 Memphis, TN 4070 Mesquite, TX 4090 Metairie, LA 4150 Minneapolis, MN 4170 Mobile, AL 4190 Modesto, CA 4250 Montgomery, AL 4270 Moreno Valley, CA 4530 New Haven, CT 4570 New Orleans, LA 4610 New York, NY 4630 Newark, NJ 4750 Newport News, VA 4810 Norfolk, VA 4950 Oceanside, CA 4990 Oklahoma City, OK 5030 Ontario, CA 5070 Orlando, FL 5150 Pasadena, CA 5170 Pasadena, TX 5210 Paterson, NJ 5270 Peoria, IL 5330 Philadelphia, PA 5450 Pomona, CA 5530 Portland, OR 5590 Portsmouth, VA 5650 Providence, RI 5770 Rancho Cucamonga, CA 5810 Reno, NV 5870 Richmond, VA 5930 Rochester, NY 5970 Rockford, IL 6030 Sacramento, CA 6090 Saint Louis, MO 6110 Saint Paul, MN 6170 Salem, OR 6190 Salinas, CA 6230 San Antonio, TX 6270 San Diego, CA 6290 San Francisco, CA 6310 San Jose, CA 6330 Santa Ana, CA 6350 Santa Rosa, CA 6430 Seattle, WA 6490 Shreveport, LA 6590 South Bend, IN 6630 Spokane, WA 6670 Springfield, MA 6730 Stamford, CT 6750 Sterling Heights, MI 6850 Syracuse, NY 6890 Tampa, FL 7070 Tulsa, OK 7130 Virginia Beach, VA 7230 Washington, DC 7250 Waterbury, CT 7530 Winston-Salem, NC 7570 Worcester, MA 7590 Yonkers, NY This variable indicates the city where the respondent resided 5 years ago, if that city could be identified under the confidentiality requirements of a given sample. IPUMS PUMA of residence 5 years ago United States 1990: Persons age 5+ who lived in different house 5 years ago [discrepancies: none] 000 NIU (not in universe) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 999 999 This variable indicates the location where the respondent lived five years ago, in terms of the Public Use Microdata Area of 100,000+ residents, defined by the Census Bureau IPUMS Occupant moved into residence United States 1990: Head of the household in private, occupied and vacant dwellings [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 This year or last year 2 2 years ago 5 3 -10 6 11-20 7 21-30 8 31+ This variable indicates the number of years ago that the householder moved into the dwelling unit. IPUMS Place of work: state <span class="em">22. At what location did this person work last week?</span></p> <p>If this person worked at more than one location, print where he or she worked most last week.</p> <p><span class="em">22a. Address </span>(Number and street)</p> <div class="i1">____<br />(If the exact address is not known, give a description of the location such as the building name or the nearest street or intersection.)</div><p>[Include the street type (for example, St., Road, Ave.) and the street direction (if a direction such as "North" is part of the address). For example, print 1239 N. Main St. or 1239 Main St., N.W. not just 1239 Main. If the only known address is a post office box, give a description of the work location. For example, print the name of the building or shopping center where the person works, the nearest intersection, the nearest street where the workplace is located, etc. Do not give a post office box number. If the person worked at a military installation or military base that has no street address, report the name of the military installation or base. If the person worked at several locations, but reported to the same location each day to begin work, print the address of the location here he or she reported. If the person did not report to the same location each day to begin work, print the address of the location where he or she worked most last week. If the person's employer operates in more than one location (such as a grocery store chain or public school system), print the exact address of the location or branch where the person worked. If the exact address of a school is not known, print the name of the school. If the person worked on a college or university campus and the exact address of the workplace is not known, print the name of the building where he or she worked.]</p> <p><span class="em">22b. Name of city, town, or post office</span><div class="i1">___</div><span class="em">22c. Is the work location inside the limits of that city or town?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No, outside the city/town limits</div><p>____ <span class="em">22d. County</span></p> <p>____ <span class="em">22e. State</span></p> <p>____ <span class="em">22f. ZIP code</span></p> <p>[If the person worked in New York city and the county is not known, print the name of the borough where the person worked. If the person worked in Louisiana, print the name of the parish where the person worked. If the person worked in Alaska, print the name of the borough where the person worked. If the person worked in a foreign country or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc., print the name of the country in 22e and leave the other parts of question 22 blank.] United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked last week [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Alabama 02 Alaska 04 Arizona 05 Arkansas 06 California 08 Colorado 09 Connecticut 10 Delaware 11 District of Columbia 12 Florida 13 Georgia 15 Hawaii 16 Idaho 17 Illinois 18 Indiana 19 Iowa 20 Kansas 21 Kentucky 22 Louisiana 23 Maine 24 Maryland 25 Massachusetts 26 Michigan 27 Minnesota 28 Mississippi 29 Missouri 30 Montana 31 Nebraska 32 Nevada 33 New Hampshire 34 New Jersey 35 New Mexico 36 New York 37 North Carolina 38 North Dakota 39 Ohio 40 Oklahoma 41 Oregon 42 Pennsylvania 44 Rhode island 45 South Carolina 46 South Dakota 47 Tennessee 48 Texas 49 Utah 50 Vermont 51 Virginia 53 Washington 54 West Virginia 55 Wisconsin 56 Wyoming 80 Abroad This variable indicates the state in which the respondent's primary workplace was located. IPUMS Place of work PUMA <span class="em">22. At what location did this person work last week?</span></p> <p>If this person worked at more than one location, print where he or she worked most last week.</p> <p><span class="em">22a. Address </span>(Number and street)</p> <div class="i1">____<br />(If the exact address is not known, give a description of the location such as the building name or the nearest street or intersection.)</div><p>[Include the street type (for example, St., Road, Ave.) and the street direction (if a direction such as "North" is part of the address). For example, print 1239 N. Main St. or 1239 Main St., N.W. not just 1239 Main. If the only known address is a post office box, give a description of the work location. For example, print the name of the building or shopping center where the person works, the nearest intersection, the nearest street where the workplace is located, etc. Do not give a post office box number. If the person worked at a military installation or military base that has no street address, report the name of the military installation or base. If the person worked at several locations, but reported to the same location each day to begin work, print the address of the location here he or she reported. If the person did not report to the same location each day to begin work, print the address of the location where he or she worked most last week. If the person's employer operates in more than one location (such as a grocery store chain or public school system), print the exact address of the location or branch where the person worked. If the exact address of a school is not known, print the name of the school. If the person worked on a college or university campus and the exact address of the workplace is not known, print the name of the building where he or she worked.]</p> <p><span class="em">22b. Name of city, town, or post office</span><div class="i1">___</div><span class="em">22c. Is the work location inside the limits of that city or town?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No, outside the city/town limits</div><p>____ <span class="em">22d. County</span></p> <p>____ <span class="em">22e. State</span></p> <p>____ <span class="em">22f. ZIP code</span></p> <p>[If the person worked in New York city and the county is not known, print the name of the borough where the person worked. If the person worked in Louisiana, print the name of the parish where the person worked. If the person worked in Alaska, print the name of the borough where the person worked. If the person worked in a foreign country or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc., print the name of the country in 22e and leave the other parts of question 22 blank.] United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked last week [discrepancies: none] 000 NIU (not in universe) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 999 999 This variable indicates the location of the respondent's primary workplace, in terms of the Public Use Microdata Area, a Census Bureau-defined area of 100,000+ residents. IPUMS Work disability <span class="em">18. Does this person have a physical, mental, or other health condition that has lasted for 6 or more months and which --</span></p> <p><span class="em">18a. Limits the kind or amount of work this person can do at a job?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><p>[Mark yes to part (a) if a health condition substantially limits this person in his or her choice of occupation or if the condition limits the amount of work that can be accomplished in a given period of time.]</p> <p><span class="em">18b. Prevents this person from working at a job?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><p>[Mark yes to part (b) if the health condition prevents this person from holding any significant employment.] United States 1990: Persons age 16+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No disability that affects work 2 Disability limits but does not prevent work 3 Disability prevents work This variable indicates whether respondents have any lasting physical or mental health condition that causes difficulty working, limits the amount or type of work they can do, or prevents them from working altogether. IPUMS Disability limiting mobility <svar v="US90A493 US90A494"><span class="em">19. Because of a health condition that has lasted for 6 or more months, does this person have any difficulty --</span><br /><br />[Consider a person to have difficulty with these activities if any of the following situations apply: (1) it takes extra time or extra effort for the person to perform one or more of the activities, (2) there are times when the person cannot perform one or more of the activities, or (3) the person is completely unable to perform one more of the activities.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A493"><span class="em">19a. Going outside the home alone, for example, to a shop or visit a doctor's office?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 15+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No mobility limitation 2 Yes, mobility is limited This variable indicates whether the respondent has any physical or mental health condition that has lasted 6 or more months and that makes it difficult or impossible to go outside the home alone. IPUMS Personal care limitation <svar v="US90A493 US90A494"><span class="em">19. Because of a health condition that has lasted for 6 or more months, does this person have any difficulty --</span><br /><br />[Consider a person to have difficulty with these activities if any of the following situations apply: (1) it takes extra time or extra effort for the person to perform one or more of the activities, (2) there are times when the person cannot perform one or more of the activities, or (3) the person is completely unable to perform one more of the activities.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A494"><span class="em">19b. Taking care of his or her own personal needs, such as bathing, dressing, or getting around inside the home?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 15+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No personal care limitation 2 Yes, personal care limitation This variable indicates whether respondents have any physical or mental health condition that has lasted at least 6 months and makes it difficult for them to take care of their own personal needs, such as bathing, dressing, or getting around inside the home. IPUMS Veteran status <svar a="all" v="US90A495"><span class="em">17a. Has this person ever been on active-duty military service in the Armed Forces of the United States or ever been in the United States military Reserves or the National Guard?</span><br /><div class="i1">If service was in Reserves or National Guard only, see instruction guide.<br /><br />[] Yes, now on active duty<br />[] Yes, on active duty in past, but not now<br />[] Yes, service in Reserves or National Guard only -- Go to 18<br />[] No -- Go to 18</div><br /><br />[For a person with service in the National Guard or a military reserve unit, fill one of the two yes, active duty circles if and only if the person has ever been called up for active duty other than training; otherwise, mark yes, service in Reserves or National Guard only. For a person whose only service was as a civilian employee or volunteer for the Red Cross, USO, Public Health Service, or War or Defense Department, mark no. Count World War II Merchant Marine Seaman service as active duty; do not count other Merchant Marine service as active duty.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 No Service 2 Yes This variable indicates whether individuals served in the military forces of the United States in time of war or peace. IPUMS Veteran, served September 1980 to July 1990 <svar a="all" v="US90A496 US90A497 US90A498 US90A499 US90A500 US90A501 US90A502 US90A503"><span class="em">17b. Was active-duty military service during --</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill a circle for each period in which this person served.<br /><br />[] September 1980 or later<br />[] May 1975 to August 1980<br />[] Vietnam era (August 1964 - April 1975)<br />[] February 1955 - July 1964<br />[] Korean conflict (June 1950 - January 1955)<br />[] World War II (September 1940 - July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 - November 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons No or N/A 1 Yes, served this period This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States between September, 1980 and July, 1990. IPUMS Veteran, served May 1975 to August 1980 <svar a="all" v="US90A496 US90A497 US90A498 US90A499 US90A500 US90A501 US90A502 US90A503"><span class="em">17b. Was active-duty military service during --</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill a circle for each period in which this person served.<br /><br />[] September 1980 or later<br />[] May 1975 to August 1980<br />[] Vietnam era (August 1964 - April 1975)<br />[] February 1955 - July 1964<br />[] Korean conflict (June 1950 - January 1955)<br />[] World War II (September 1940 - July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 - November 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons No or N/A 1 Yes, served this period This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States between May, 1975 and August, 1980. IPUMS Veteran, served during Vietnam era (August 1964 to April 1975 ) <svar a="all" v="US90A496 US90A497 US90A498 US90A499 US90A500 US90A501 US90A502 US90A503"><span class="em">17b. Was active-duty military service during --</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill a circle for each period in which this person served.<br /><br />[] September 1980 or later<br />[] May 1975 to August 1980<br />[] Vietnam era (August 1964 - April 1975)<br />[] February 1955 - July 1964<br />[] Korean conflict (June 1950 - January 1955)<br />[] World War II (September 1940 - July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 - November 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons N/A or No 1 Yes, Vietnam-era veteran This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the Vietnam era. IPUMS Years of active-duty military service <svar a="all" v="US90A496 US90A497 US90A498 US90A499 US90A500 US90A501 US90A502 US90A503"><span class="em">17b. Was active-duty military service during --</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill a circle for each period in which this person served.<br /><br />[] September 1980 or later<br />[] May 1975 to August 1980<br />[] Vietnam era (August 1964 - April 1975)<br />[] February 1955 - July 1964<br />[] Korean conflict (June 1950 - January 1955)<br />[] World War II (September 1940 - July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 - November 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+, currently or formerly in the armed forces [not verifiable] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 This variable indicates the total years of active duty military service for veterans and those currently on active duty. IPUMS Veteran, served February 1955 to July 1964 <svar a="all" v="US90A496 US90A497 US90A498 US90A499 US90A500 US90A501 US90A502 US90A503"><span class="em">17b. Was active-duty military service during --</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill a circle for each period in which this person served.<br /><br />[] September 1980 or later<br />[] May 1975 to August 1980<br />[] Vietnam era (August 1964 - April 1975)<br />[] February 1955 - July 1964<br />[] Korean conflict (June 1950 - January 1955)<br />[] World War II (September 1940 - July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 - November 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons No 1 Yes, served this period This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States between February, 1955 and July, 1964. IPUMS Veteran, served during Korean conflict era (June 1950 to January 1955 ) <svar a="all" v="US90A496 US90A497 US90A498 US90A499 US90A500 US90A501 US90A502 US90A503"><span class="em">17b. Was active-duty military service during --</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill a circle for each period in which this person served.<br /><br />[] September 1980 or later<br />[] May 1975 to August 1980<br />[] Vietnam era (August 1964 - April 1975)<br />[] February 1955 - July 1964<br />[] Korean conflict (June 1950 - January 1955)<br />[] World War II (September 1940 - July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 - November 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons No 1 Yes, served this period This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the Korean conflict era. IPUMS Veteran, served during World War II era (September 1940 to July 1947 ) <svar a="all" v="US90A496 US90A497 US90A498 US90A499 US90A500 US90A501 US90A502 US90A503"><span class="em">17b. Was active-duty military service during --</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill a circle for each period in which this person served.<br /><br />[] September 1980 or later<br />[] May 1975 to August 1980<br />[] Vietnam era (August 1964 - April 1975)<br />[] February 1955 - July 1964<br />[] Korean conflict (June 1950 - January 1955)<br />[] World War II (September 1940 - July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 - November 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons No 1 Yes, served this period This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during the World War II era IPUMS Veteran of other period <svar a="all" v="US90A496 US90A497 US90A498 US90A499 US90A500 US90A501 US90A502 US90A503"><span class="em">17b. Was active-duty military service during --</span><br /><div class="i1">Fill a circle for each period in which this person served.<br /><br />[] September 1980 or later<br />[] May 1975 to August 1980<br />[] Vietnam era (August 1964 - April 1975)<br />[] February 1955 - July 1964<br />[] Korean conflict (June 1950 - January 1955)<br />[] World War II (September 1940 - July 1947)<br />[] World War I (April 1917 - November 1918)<br />[] Any other time</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: All persons No 1 Yes, served this period(s) This variable indicates whether persons were engaged in active-duty military service in the armed forces of the United States during periods of service not identified in other variables. IPUMS Means of transportation to work <svar a="all" v="US90A504"><span class="em">23a. How did this person usually get to work last week?</span> If this person usually used more than one method of transportation during the trip, fill the circle of the one used for most of the distance.<br /><div class="i1">[] Car, truck, or van<br />[] Bus or trolley bus<br />[] Streetcar or trolley car<br />[] Subway or elevated<br />[] Railroad<br />[] Ferryboat<br />[] Motorcycle<br />[] Bicycle<br />[] Walked<br />[] Worked at home -- Skip to 28<br />[] other method<br />[] Taxicab</div><br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked last week [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Auto, truck, or van 02 Motorcycle 03 Bus or trolley bus 04 Streetcar or trolley car 05 Subway or elevated 06 Railroad 07 Taxicab 08 Ferryboat 09 Bicycle 10 Walked only 11 Other 12 Worked at home This variable indicates the respondent's primary means of transportation to work on the most recent day worked, or over the course of the previous week IPUMS Carpooling <svar a="all" v="US90A505 US90A506"><span class="em">23b. How many people, including this person, usually rode to work in the car, truck, or van last week?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Drove alone<br />[] 2 people<br />[] 3 people<br />[] 4 people<br />[] 5 people<br />[] 6 people<br />[] 7 to 9 people<br />[] 10 or more people</div><br /><br />[If the person was driven to work by someone who then drove back home or to a non-work destination, fill the circle for drove alone. Do not include persons who rode to school or some other non-work destination in the count of persons who rode in the vehicle.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked last week and used their own car [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Drives alone 2 Carpools This variable indicates whether the respondent usually rode to work in a carpool (with at least one other worker) during the previous week. IPUMS Vehicle occupancy <svar a="all" v="US90A505 US90A506"><span class="em">23b. How many people, including this person, usually rode to work in the car, truck, or van last week?</span><br /><div class="i1">[] Drove alone<br />[] 2 people<br />[] 3 people<br />[] 4 people<br />[] 5 people<br />[] 6 people<br />[] 7 to 9 people<br />[] 10 or more people</div><br /><br />[If the person was driven to work by someone who then drove back home or to a non-work destination, fill the circle for drove alone. Do not include persons who rode to school or some other non-work destination in the count of persons who rode in the vehicle.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked last week and used their own car [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Drives alone 2 2 people 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 8 7-9 9 10 + This variable indicates how many people (including the respondent) usually rode to work in the vehicle that the respondent took to work during the previous week. IPUMS Travel time to work <svar a="all" v="US90A507"><span class="em">24a. What time did this person usually leave home to go to work last week?</span><br /><div class="i1">____</div><br /><div class="i2">[] a.m.<br />[] p.m.</div><br /><br />[Give the time of day the person usually left home to go to work. Do not give the time that the person usually began his or her work. If the person usually left home to go to work sometime between 12:00 o'clock midnight and 12:00 o'clock noon, fill the a.m. circle. If the person usually left home to go to work sometime between 12:00 o'clock noon and 12:00 o'clock midnight, fill the p.m. circle.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked outside the home last week [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 or more This variable indicates the total amount of time, in minutes, that it usually took the respondent to get from home to work last week. IPUMS Time of departure for work <svar a="all" v="US90A508"><span class="em">24b. How many minutes did it usually take this person to get from home to work last week?</span><br /><div class="i1">____ Minutes -- Skip to 28</div><br /><br />[Travel time is from door to door. Include time taken waiting for public transportation or picking up passengers in a car pool.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked outside the home last week [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the time that the respondent usually left home for work last week. US90A508 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = NIU. IPUMS Place of work metropolitan area <span class="em">22. At what location did this person work last week?</span></p> <p>If this person worked at more than one location, print where he or she worked most last week.</p> <p><span class="em">22a. Address </span>(Number and street)</p> <div class="i1">____<br />(If the exact address is not known, give a description of the location such as the building name or the nearest street or intersection.)</div><p>[Include the street type (for example, St., Road, Ave.) and the street direction (if a direction such as "North" is part of the address). For example, print 1239 N. Main St. or 1239 Main St., N.W. not just 1239 Main. If the only known address is a post office box, give a description of the work location. For example, print the name of the building or shopping center where the person works, the nearest intersection, the nearest street where the workplace is located, etc. Do not give a post office box number. If the person worked at a military installation or military base that has no street address, report the name of the military installation or base. If the person worked at several locations, but reported to the same location each day to begin work, print the address of the location here he or she reported. If the person did not report to the same location each day to begin work, print the address of the location where he or she worked most last week. If the person's employer operates in more than one location (such as a grocery store chain or public school system), print the exact address of the location or branch where the person worked. If the exact address of a school is not known, print the name of the school. If the person worked on a college or university campus and the exact address of the workplace is not known, print the name of the building where he or she worked.]</p> <p><span class="em">22b. Name of city, town, or post office</span><div class="i1">___</div><span class="em">22c. Is the work location inside the limits of that city or town?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No, outside the city/town limits</div><p>____ <span class="em">22d. County</span></p> <p>____ <span class="em">22e. State</span></p> <p>____ <span class="em">22f. ZIP code</span></p> <p>[If the person worked in New York city and the county is not known, print the name of the borough where the person worked. If the person worked in Louisiana, print the name of the parish where the person worked. If the person worked in Alaska, print the name of the borough where the person worked. If the person worked in a foreign country or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc., print the name of the country in 22e and leave the other parts of question 22 blank.] United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked last week and resided in identifiable metropolitan areas [not verifiable] 0000 N/A or not identifiable 0040 Abilene, TX 0080 Akron, OH 0160 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 0200 Albuquerque, NM 0220 Alexandria, LA 0240 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA/NJ 0280 Altoona, PA 0320 Amarillo, TX 0380 Anchorage, AK 0400 Anderson, IN 0440 Ann Arbor, MI 0450 Anniston, AL 0460 Appleton-Oskosh-Neenah, WI 0480 Asheville, NC 0520 Atlanta, GA 0560 Atlantic City, NJ 0600 Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC 0640 Austin, TX 0680 Bakersfield, CA 0720 Baltimore, MD 0760 Baton Rouge, LA 0780 Battle Creek, MI 0840 Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange, TX 0860 Bellingham, WA 0870 Benton Harbor, MI 0880 Billings, MT 0920 Biloxi-Gulfport, MS 0960 Binghamton, NY 1000 Birmingham, AL 1020 Bloomington, IN 1040 Bloomington-Normal, IL 1080 Boise City, ID 1120 Boston, MA 1121 Lawrence-Haverhill, MA/NH 1122 Lowell, MA/NH 1123 Salem-Gloucester, MA 1140 Bradenton, FL 1150 Bremerton, WA 1160 Bridgeport, CT 1200 Brockton, MA 1240 Brownsville - Harlingen-San Benito, TX 1260 Bryan-College Station, TX 1280 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 1281 Niagara Falls, NY 1300 Burlington, NC 1320 Canton, OH 1360 Cedar Rapids, IA 1400 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL 1440 Charleston-N.Charleston,SC 1520 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, SC 1560 Chattanooga, TN/GA 1600 Chicago-Gary-Lake IL 1601 [no label] 1602 Gary-Hammond-East Chicago, IN 1603 [no label] 1604 [no label] 1620 Chico, CA 1640 Cincinnati, OH/KY/IN 1660 Clarksville- Hopkinsville, TN/KY 1680 Cleveland, OH 1720 Colorado Springs, CO 1740 Columbia, MO 1760 Columbia, SC 1840 Columbus, OH 1880 Corpus Christi, TX 1920 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 1921 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 1930 Danbury, CT 1950 Danville, VA 1960 Davenport, IA-Rock Island-Moline, IL 2000 Dayton-Springfield, OH 2020 Daytona Beach, FL 2030 Decatur, AL 2040 Decatur, IL 2080 Denver-Boulder-Longmont, CO 2081 Boulder-Longmont, CO 2120 Des Moines, IA 2160 Detroit, MI 2240 Duluth-Superior, MN/WI 2290 Eau Claire, WI 2310 El Paso, TX 2320 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 2360 Erie, PA 2400 Eugene-Springfield, OR 2560 Fayetteville, NC 2580 Fayetteville-Springdale, AR 2640 Flint, MI 2650 Florence, AL 2660 Florence, SC 2670 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO 2680 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach, FL 2700 Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL 2710 Fort Pierce, FL 2760 Fort Wayne, IN 2840 Fresno, CA 2900 Gainesville, FL 2920 Galveston-Texas City, TX 3000 Grand Rapids, MI 3060 Greeley, CO 3120 Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC 3160 Greenville-Spartenburg-Anderson, SC 3161 [no label] 3180 Hagerstown, MD 3200 Hamilton-Middleton, OH 3240 Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA 3280 Hartford-Bristol-Middleton-New Britian, CT 3283 [no label] 3290 Hickory-Morgantown, NC 3320 Honolulu, HI 3350 Houma-Thibodoux, LA 3360 Houston-Brazoria, TX 3361 Brazoria, TX 3480 Indianapolis, IN 3520 Jackson, MI 3560 Jackson, MS 3590 Jacksonville, FL 3600 Jacksonville, NC 3610 Jamestown-Dunkirk, NY 3620 Janesville-Beloit, WI 3660 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN/VA 3680 Johnstown, PA 3710 Joplin, MO 3720 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 3760 Kansas City, MO-KS 3800 Kenosha, WI 3810 Killeen-Temple, TX 3840 Knoxville, TN 3880 Lafayette, LA 3920 Lafayette-W. Lafayette,IN 3980 Lakeland-Winterhaven, FL 4000 Lancaster, PA 4040 Lansing-E. Lansing, MI 4100 Las Cruces, NM 4120 Las Vegas, NV 4280 Lexington-Fayette, KY 4320 Lima, OH 4360 Lincoln, NE 4400 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR 4420 Longview-Marshall, TX 4440 Lorain-Elyria, OH 4480 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 4481 [no label] 4520 Louisville, KY/IN 4600 Lubbock, TX 4680 Macon-Warner Robins, GA 4720 Madison, WI 4800 Mansfield, OH 4880 McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr-Mission, TX 4890 Medford, OR 4900 Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa-Palm Bay, FL 4920 Memphis, TN/AR/MS 4940 Merced, CA 5000 Miami-Hialeah, FL 5040 Midland, TX 5080 Milwaukee, WI 5120 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 5160 Mobile, AL 5170 Modesto, CA 5190 Monmouth-Ocean, NJ 5200 Monroe, LA 5240 Montgomery, AL 5280 Muncie, IN 5360 Nashville, TN 5400 New Bedford, MA 5480 New Haven-Meriden, CT 5520 New London-Norwich, CT/RI 5560 New Orleans, LA 5600 New York-Northeastern NJ 5601 Nassau-Suffolk, NY 5602 Bergen-Passaic, NJ 5603 Jersey City, NJ 5604 Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 5605 Newark, NJ 5720 Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA 5790 Ocala, FL 5800 Odessa, TX 5880 Oklahoma City, OK 5910 Olympia, WA 5920 Omaha, NE/IA 5950 Orange County, NY 5960 Orlando, FL 6030 Pascagoula-Moss Point, MS 6080 Pensacola, FL 6120 Peoria, IL 6160 Philadelphia, PA/NJ 6200 Phoenix, AZ 6280 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 6440 Portland-Vancouver, OR 6441 [no label] 6480 Providence-Fall River-Pawtuckett, MA 6481 [no label] 6482 [no label] 6520 Provo-Orem, UT 6560 Pueblo, CO 6600 Racine, WI 6640 Raleigh-Durham, NC 6680 Reading, PA 6690 Redding, CA 6720 Reno, NV 6740 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA 6760 Richmond-Petersburg, VA 6780 Riverside-San Bernadino,CA 6800 Roanoke, VA 6820 Rochester, MN 6840 Rochester, NY 6880 Rockford, IL 6920 Sacramento, CA 6960 Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI 6980 St. Cloud, MN 7040 St. Louis, MO 7080 Salem, OR 7120 Salinas-Sea Side-Monterey, CA 7160 Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 7240 San Antonio, TX 7320 San Diego, CA 7360 San Francisco-Oakland-Vallejo, CA 7361 Oakland, CA 7362 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA 7400 San Jose, CA 7470 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA 7480 Santa Cruz, CA 7490 Santa Fe, NM 7500 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA 7510 Sarasota, FL 7520 Savannah, GA 7560 Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA 7600 Seattle-Everett, WA 7610 Sharon, PA 7680 Shreveport, LA 7800 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN 7840 Spokane, WA 7880 Springfield, IL 7920 Springfield, MO 8000 Springfield-Holyoke-Chicopee, MA 8040 Stamford, CT 8050 State College, PA 8120 Stockton, CA 8160 Syracuse, NY 8200 Tacoma, WA 8280 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 8320 Terre Haute, IN 8400 Toledo, OH/MI 8480 Trenton, NJ 8520 Tucson, AZ 8560 Tulsa, OK 8600 Tuscaloosa, AL 8640 Tyler, TX 8680 Utica-Rome, NY 8730 Ventura-Oxnard-Simi Valley 8760 Vineland-Milville-Bridgetown, NJ 8780 [no label] 8800 Waco, TX 8840 Washington, DC/MD/VA 8880 Waterbury, CT 8920 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 8940 Wausau, WI 8960 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton -Delray Beach, FL 9040 Wichita, KS 9080 Wichita Falls, TX 9140 Williamsport, PA 9160 Wilmington, DE/NJ/MD 9200 Wilmington, NC 9240 Worcester, MA 9260 Yakima, WA 9280 York, PA 9320 Youngstown-Warren, OH-PA 9340 Yuba City, CA 9360 Yuma, AZ This variable indicates the metropolitan area in which the respondent worked, if the respondent's workplace was in an identifiable metropolitan area, given confidentiality restrictions. IPUMS Place of work city <span class="em">22. At what location did this person work last week?</span></p> <p>If this person worked at more than one location, print where he or she worked most last week.</p> <p><span class="em">22a. Address </span>(Number and street)</p> <div class="i1">____<br />(If the exact address is not known, give a description of the location such as the building name or the nearest street or intersection.)</div><p>[Include the street type (for example, St., Road, Ave.) and the street direction (if a direction such as "North" is part of the address). For example, print 1239 N. Main St. or 1239 Main St., N.W. not just 1239 Main. If the only known address is a post office box, give a description of the work location. For example, print the name of the building or shopping center where the person works, the nearest intersection, the nearest street where the workplace is located, etc. Do not give a post office box number. If the person worked at a military installation or military base that has no street address, report the name of the military installation or base. If the person worked at several locations, but reported to the same location each day to begin work, print the address of the location here he or she reported. If the person did not report to the same location each day to begin work, print the address of the location where he or she worked most last week. If the person's employer operates in more than one location (such as a grocery store chain or public school system), print the exact address of the location or branch where the person worked. If the exact address of a school is not known, print the name of the school. If the person worked on a college or university campus and the exact address of the workplace is not known, print the name of the building where he or she worked.]</p> <p><span class="em">22b. Name of city, town, or post office</span><div class="i1">___</div><span class="em">22c. Is the work location inside the limits of that city or town?</span><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No, outside the city/town limits</div><p>____ <span class="em">22d. County</span></p> <p>____ <span class="em">22e. State</span></p> <p>____ <span class="em">22f. ZIP code</span></p> <p>[If the person worked in New York city and the county is not known, print the name of the borough where the person worked. If the person worked in Louisiana, print the name of the parish where the person worked. If the person worked in Alaska, print the name of the borough where the person worked. If the person worked in a foreign country or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc., print the name of the country in 22e and leave the other parts of question 22 blank.] United States 1990: Persons age 16+ who worked last week and resided in identifiable cities [not verifiable] 0000 Same house (migcity) 0050 Albany, NY 0090 Alexandria, VA 0210 Anchorage, AK 0270 Ann Arbor, MI 0290 Arlington, TX 0310 Arlington, VA 0450 Aurora, CO 0490 Austin, TX 0510 Bakersfield, CA 0530 Baltimore, MD 0590 Baton Rouge, LA 0670 Beaumont, TX 0810 Boston, MA 0830 Bridgeport, CT 0890 Buffalo, NY 1110 Chattanooga, TN 1150 Chesapeake, VA 1190 Chicago, IL 1250 Chula Vista, CA 1330 Cleveland, OH 1390 Colorado Springs, CO 1710 Denver, CO 1730 Des Moines, IA 1750 Detroit, MI 1910 East Los Angeles, CA 1990 El Monte, CA 2050 Elizabeth, NJ 2110 Escondido, CA 2130 Eugene, OR 2270 Flint, MI 2290 Fort Lauderdale, FL 2330 Fort Wayne, IN 2350 Fort Worth, TX 2370 Fresno, CA 2430 Garden Grove, CA 2450 Garland, TX 2470 Gary, IN 2490 Glendale, CA 2530 Grand Rapids, MI 2570 Greensboro, NC 2650 Hampton, VA 2710 Hartford, CT 2770 Hialeah, FL 2830 Hollywood, FL 3010 Inglewood, CA 3030 Irving, TX 3090 Jackson, MS 3150 Jersey City, NJ 3330 Knoxville, TN 3410 Lakewood, CO 3470 Lansing, MI 3590 Lexington-Fayette, KY 3670 Livonia, MI 3690 Long Beach, CA 3730 Los Angeles, CA 3750 Louisville, KY 3770 Lowell, MA 4010 Memphis, TN 4070 Mesquite, TX 4090 Metairie, LA 4150 Minneapolis, MN 4170 Mobile, AL 4190 Modesto, CA 4250 Montgomery, AL 4270 Moreno Valley, CA 4530 New Haven, CT 4570 New Orleans, LA 4610 New York, NY 4630 Newark, NJ 4750 Newport News, VA 4810 Norfolk, VA 4950 Oceanside, CA 4990 Oklahoma City, OK 5030 Ontario, CA 5070 Orlando, FL 5150 Pasadena, CA 5170 Pasadena, TX 5210 Paterson, NJ 5270 Peoria, IL 5330 Philadelphia, PA 5450 Pomona, CA 5530 Portland, OR 5590 Portsmouth, VA 5650 Providence, RI 5770 Rancho Cucamonga, CA 5810 Reno, NV 5870 Richmond, VA 5930 Rochester, NY 5970 Rockford, IL 6030 Sacramento, CA 6090 Saint Louis, MO 6110 Saint Paul, MN 6170 Salem, OR 6190 Salinas, CA 6230 San Antonio, TX 6270 San Diego, CA 6290 San Francisco, CA 6310 San Jose, CA 6330 Santa Ana, CA 6350 Santa Rosa, CA 6430 Seattle, WA 6490 Shreveport, LA 6590 South Bend, IN 6630 Spokane, WA 6670 Springfield, MA 6730 Stamford, CT 6750 Sterling Heights, MI 6850 Syracuse, NY 6890 Tampa, FL 7070 Tulsa, OK 7130 Virginia Beach, VA 7230 Washington, DC 7250 Waterbury, CT 7530 Winston-Salem, NC 7570 Worcester, MA 7590 Yonkers, NY This variable indicates in which metropolitan area, if any, the person worked in the week prior to the census. IPUMS Flag for augmented person United States 1990: All persons Not augmented 1 Augmented This variable is a data quality flag for all person. IPUMS Flag for age United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for AGE. IPUMS Flag for ancestry, first response United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for ANCESTR1 (Ancestry). IPUMS Flag for ancestry, second response United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for ANCESTR2 (Second Ancestry). IPUMS Flag for time of departure for work United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for DEPARTS (Time of departure for work). IPUMS Flag for birthplace United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for BPL (Birthplace). IPUMS Flag for carpooling United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for CARPOOL (Carpooling). IPUMS Flag for children ever born United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for CHBORN (Children ever born). IPUMS Flag for citizenship status United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for CITIZEN (Citizenship). IPUMS Flag for class of worker United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for CLASSWKR (Class of Worker). IPUMS Flag for language spoken United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for LANGUAGE (Language spoken). IPUMS Flag for work disability United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for DISABWK (Disability limiting and/or preventing work). IPUMS Flag for employment status and labor force status United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for EMPSTAT (Employment Status ). IPUMS Flag for educational attainment United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for EDUCREC (Educational attainment). IPUMS Flag for hispanic origin United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for HISPAN (Detailed Hispanic origin code). IPUMS Flag for hours worked last week United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for HRSWORK1 (Hours Worked-categorized). IPUMS Flag for non-farm business, total, and total earned income United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Not allocated, derived 2 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INCBUS (Non-farm business income). IPUMS Flag for farm, total, and total earned income United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Not allocated, derived 2 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INCFARM (Farm income). IPUMS Flag for interest, dividend and rental, total, and total earned income United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Not allocated, derived 2 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INCINVST (Interest, dividend, and rental income). IPUMS Flag for other, total, and total earned income United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Not allocated, derived 2 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INCOTHER (Income from other sources). IPUMS Flag for Social Security, total, and total earned income United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Not allocated, derived 2 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INCSS (Social Security income). IPUMS Flag for wage and salary, total, and total earned income United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Not allocated, derived 2 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INCWAGE (Wage and Salary Income). IPUMS Flag for welfare (public assistance), total, and total earned income United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Not allocated, derived 2 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INCWELF (Welfare/public assistance income). IPUMS Flag for industry United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for IND (Industry). IPUMS Flag for disability limiting mobility United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for DISABMOB (Disability Limiting Mobility). IPUMS Flag for personal care limitation United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for PERSCARE (Disability preventing self-care). IPUMS Flag for place of work PUMA United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for PWPUMA (Place of work PUMA). IPUMS Flag for marital status United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for MARST (Marital Status). IPUMS Flag for retirement, total, and total earned income United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Not allocated, derived 2 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for INCRETIR (Retirement income). IPUMS Flag for place of residence 5 years ago United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for MIGPLAC5 (State or country of residence 5 years ago). IPUMS Flag for migration status, 5 years United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for MIGRATE5 (Migration status). IPUMS Flag for years of active-duty military service United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for VETYRS (Years of Military Service). IPUMS Flag for occupant moved into residence United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for MOVEDIN (When occupant moved in). IPUMS Flag for occupation United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for OCC (Occupation). IPUMS Flag for race United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for RACE. IPUMS Flag for relationship to household head United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for RELATE (Relationship). IPUMS Flag for vehicle occupancy United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for RIDERS (Vehicle occupancy). IPUMS Flag for school attendance and type United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for SCHOOL (School Attendence). IPUMS Flag for sex United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for SEX. IPUMS Flag for speaks English United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for SPEAKENG (Speaks English). IPUMS Flag for travel time to work United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for TRANTIME (Travel time to work). IPUMS Flag for means of transportation to work United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for TRANWORK (Means of transportation to work). IPUMS Flag for usual hours worked per week United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for UHRSWOR (Usual Hours Worked Last Year). IPUMS Flag for various periods of military service United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for Period of Veteran Service. IPUMS Flag for various periods of military service United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for VETSTAT (Veteran Status). IPUMS Flag for weeks worked last year United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for WKSWORK1 (Weeks Worked Last Year). IPUMS Flag for worked last year United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for WORKEDYR (Worked last year). IPUMS Flag for year of immigration and years in the U.S. United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for YRIMMIG, YRSINUSA. IPUMS Flag for year last worked United States 1990: All persons Unaltered case 1 Allocated This variable is a data quality flag for YRLASTWK (Year Last Worked). IPUMS Retirement income <svar v="US90A048 US90A469 US90A471 US90A472 US90A473 US90A474 US90A475 US90A478 US90A569"><span class="em">32. Income in 1989 -- </span><br /><br />Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.<br /><br />[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="US90A569"><span class="em">32g. Retirement, survivor, or disability pensions </span><br /><div class="i1">Do not include Social Security.<br /><br />[] Yes</div><br /><div class="i2">____ Annual amount -- Dollars</div><br /><div class="i1">[] No</div><br /><br />[Include retirement, disability, or survivor benefits received from companies and unions; Federal, State, and local governments, and the U.S. military. Include regular income from annuities and IRA or KEOGH retirement plans.]<br /></svar> United States 1990: Persons age 15+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates how much pre-tax retirement, survivor, and disability pension income, other than Social Security, the respondent received during the previous year. US90A569 is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999999 = NIU. IPUMS