{"doc_desc":{"title":"NPL_1995_LSS-I_v01_M","idno":"DDI_NPL_1995_LSS-I_v01_M","producers":[{"name":"World Bank, Development Economics Data Group","abbreviation":"DECDG","affiliation":"","role":"Production of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2010-06-25","version_statement":{"version":"Version 02 (May 2015)\n- Provided file descriptions for files uploaded on Nesstar\n- Selected appropriate statistics for each variables\n- Added value labels for all categorical variables\n- Removed household members name from the data and created public use file\n\nVersion 01 (June 2010)"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"NPL_1995_LSS-I_v01_M","title":"Living Standards Survey 1995-1996","sub_title":"First Round","alt_title":"NLSS-I 1995-96"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS)","affiliation":"National Planning Commission Secretariat"}],"oth_id":[{"name":"USAID","affiliation":"","email":"","role":"Vehicle asistance"}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"The World Bank Group","affiliation":"","role":"Technical assistance"}],"funding_agencies":[{"name":"The World Bank Group","abbreviation":"WBG","role":"Financial assistant"}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"LSMS Data Manager","affiliation":"The World Bank","email":"lsms@worldbank.org","uri":"surveys.worldbank.org\/lsms"},{"name":"Publication, Distribution and Library Section","affiliation":"Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal","email":"archive@cbs.gov.np","uri":"http:\/\/cbs.gov.np\/?page_id=17"},{"name":"LSMS Data Manager","affiliation":"The World Bank","email":"lsms@worldbank.org","uri":"surveys.worldbank.org\/lsms"}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Living Standards Measurement Study [hh\/lsms]","series_info":"The Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS) 1995\/96 was the first survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) of Nepal as a multi-topic survey collecting a comprehensive set of data on different aspects of household's welfare (consumption, income, housing, labor markets, education, health, etc.). These data, together with those collected through future rounds of the survey will ultimately allow the government to monitor the progress in improving national living standard and to evaluate the impact of various government policies and program on living condition of the population."},"study_info":{"abstract":"The NLSS 1995\/96 is basically limited to the living standards of households.\n \nThe basic objectives of this survey was to provide information required for monitoring the progress  in improving national living standards and to evaluate the impact of various government policies and program on living condition of the population. This survey captured comprehensive set of data on different aspects of households welfare like consumption, income, housing, labour markets, education, health etc.","coll_dates":[{"start":"1995-06","end":"1996-05","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Nepal","abbreviation":"NPL"}],"geog_coverage":"National coverage The 4 strata of the survey:\n- Mountains\n- Hills (Urban)\n- Hills (Rural)\n- Terai","analysis_unit":"- Household\n- Individual\n- Community","universe":"The survey covered all modified de jure household members (usual residents).","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]","notes":"The 1995 Nepal Living Standards Survey covered the following topics:\n\nHOUSEHOL LEVEL\n- Household Information\n   \u2022 Household Roster\n   \u2022 Information on Parents\n   \u2022 Activities\n   \u2022 Unemployment\n- Housing\n   \u2022 Type of Dwelling\n   \u2022 Housing Expenses\n   \u2022 Utilities and Amenities\n- Access to Facilities\n- Migration\n- Food Expenses and Home Production\n- Non-Food Expenditures and Durable Goods\n   \u2022 Frequent Non-Food Expenditures\n   \u2022 Infrequent Non-Food Expenditures\n   \u2022 Inventory of Durables Goods\n- Education\n   \u2022 Literacy\n   \u2022 Past Enrollment\n   \u2022 Current Enrollment\n- Health\n   \u2022 Chronic Illnesses\n   \u2022 Illnesses or Injuries\n   \u2022 Immunization\n- Anthropometrics\n- Marriage and Maternity History\n   \u2022 Maternity History\n   \u2022 Pre- and Post-natal Care\n   \u2022 Family Planning\n- Wage Employment\n   \u2022 In Agricultural\n   \u2022 Outside Agriculture\n- Farming and Livestock\n   \u2022 Landholding   \n   \u2022 Production and Distribution\n   \u2022 Expenditure on Inputs\n   \u2022 Earning from Agriculture\n   \u2022 Livestock\n   \u2022 Ownership of Farming Assets\n   \u2022 Extension Services\n- Credit and Saving\n   \u2022 Borrowing\n   \u2022 Lending\n   \u2022 Other Assets\n- Remittances and Transfers\n   \u2022 Income Sent\n   \u2022 Income Received\n- Other Income\n- Adequacy of Consumption\n\nCOMMUNITY LEVEL\nRURAL COMMUNITY \n- Population Characteristics and Infrastructure\n   \u2022 Characteristics of the Community\n   \u2022 Electricity\n   \u2022 Water Supply and Sewerage\n- Access to Facilities\n   \u2022 Services and Amenities\n   \u2022 Education\n   \u2022 Health Facilities\n- Agriculture and Forestry\n   \u2022 Land\n   \u2022 Irrigation\n   \u2022 Crop Cycles\n   \u2022 Wages Paid to Hired Labor\n   \u2022 Rental Rates for Cattle and Machinery\n- Migration\n   \u2022 Out-Migration\n   \u2022 In-Migration\n- Development Programs, User Group, etc\n   \u2022 Development Programs\n   \u2022 User Groups\n   \u2022 Quality of Life\n- Rural Primary School\n- Rural Health Facility\n- Markets and Prices\n\nURBAN COMMUNITY \n- Population Characteristics and Infrastructure\n   \u2022 Characteristics of the Community\n   \u2022 Electricity\n   \u2022 Water Supply and Sewerage\n- Access to Facilities\n- Markets and Prices\n   \u2022 Local Shop \/ Shops\n   \u2022 Wholesaler"},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"Central Bureau of Statistics","abbreviation":"CBS","affiliation":"National Planning Commission"}],"sampling_procedure":"Sample Design\n\nSample Frame: A complete list of all wards in the country, with a measure of size, was developed in order to select from it with Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) the sample of wards to be visited. The 1991 Population Census of Nepal was the best starting point for building such a sample frame. The Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) constructed a data set with basic information from the census at the ward level. This data set was used as a sample frame to develop the NLSS sample.\n\nSample Design: The sample size for the NLSS was set at 3,388 households. This sample was divided into four strata based on the geographic and ecological regions of the country: (i) mountains, (ii) urban Hills, (iii) rural Hills, and (iv) Terai.\n\nThe sample size was designed to provide enough observations within each ecological stratum to ensure adequate statistical accuracy, as well as enough variation in key variables for policy analysis within each stratum, while respecting resource constraints and the need to balance sampling and non-sampling errors.\n\nA two-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select the sample for the NLSS. The primary sampling unit (PSU) is the ward, the smallest administrative unit in the 1991 Population Census. In order to increase the variability of the sample, it was decided that a small number of households - twelve - would be interviewed in each ward. Thus, a total of275 wards was obtained.\n\nIn the first stage of the sampling, wards were selected with probability proportional to size (PPS) from each of the four ecological strata, using the number of household in the ward as the measure of size. In order to give the sample an implicit stratification respecting the division of the country into Development Regions, the sample frame was sorted by ascending order of district codes, and these were numbered from East to West. The sample frame considered all the 75 districts in the country, and indeed 73 of them were represented in the sample. In the second stage of the sampling, a fixed number of households were chosen with equal probabilities from each selected PSU.\n\nThe two-stage procedure just described has several advantages. It simplified the analysis by providing a self-weighted sample. It also reduced the travel time and cost, as 12 or 16 households are interviewed in each ward. In addition, as the number of households to be interviewed in each ward was known in advance, the procedure made it possible to plan an even workload across different survey teams.","coll_mode":"Face-to-face [f2f]","research_instrument":"A preliminary draft of the questionnaire was first prepared with several discussions held between the core staff and the consultant to the project. Several documents both received from the world bank as well as from countries that had already conducted such surveys in the past were referred during this process. Subsequently the questionnaire was translated into NepalI.\n \nAfter a suitable draft design of the questionnaire, a pre-test was conducted in five different places of the country. The places selected for the pre-test were Biratnagar, Rasuwa, Palpa, Nepalganj and Kathmandu Valley. The entire teams created for the pre-test were also represented by either a consultant or an expert from the bank. Feedback received from the field was utilized for necessary improvements in finalizing the seventy page questionnaire.\n \nThe content of each questionnaire is as follows:\n\nHOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE\n\nSection 1. HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION\nThis section served two main purposes: (i) identify every person who is a member of the household, and (ii) provide basic demographic data such as age, sex, and marital status of everyone presently living in the household. In addition, information collected also included data on all economic activities undertaken by household members and on unemployment.\n\nSection 2. HOUSING\nThis section collected information on the type of dwelling occupied by the household, as well as on the household's expenditures on housing and amenities (rent, expenditure on water, garbage collection, electricity, etc.).\n\nSection 3. ACCESS TO FACILITIES\nThis section collected information on the distance from the household's residence to various public facilities and services.\n\nSection 4. MIGRATION\nThis section collected information from the household head on permanent migration for reasons of work or land availability.\n\nSection 5. FOOD EXPENSES AND HOME PRODUCTION\nThis section collected information on all food expenditures of the household, as well as on consumption of food items that the household produced.\n\nSection 6. NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES AND INVENTORY OF DURABLE GOODS\nThis section collected information on expenditure on non-food items (clothing, fuels, items for the house, etc.), as well as on the durable goods owned by the household.\n\nSection 7. EDUCATION\nThis section collected information on literacy for all household members aged 5 years and above, on the level of education for those members who have attended school in the past, and on levelof education and expenditures on schooling for those currently attending an educational institution.\n\nSection 8. HEALTH\nThis section collected information on illnesses, use of medical facilities, expenditure on health care, children's immunization, and diarrhea.\n\nSection 9. ANTHROPOMETRICS\nThis section collected weight and height measurements for all children 3 years or under.\n\nSection 10. MARRIAGE AND MATERNITY HISTORY\nThis section collected information on maternity history, pre\/post-natal care, and knowledge\/use of family planning methods.\n\nSection 11. WAGE EMPLOYMENT\nThis section collected information on wage employment in agriculture and in non-agricultural activities, as well as on income earned through wage labor.\n\nSection 12. FARMING AND LIVESTOCK\nThis section collected information on all agricultural activities -- land owned or operated, crops grown, use of crops, income from the sale of crops, ownership of livestock, and income from the sale of livestock.\n\nSection 13. NON-FARM ENTERPRISES\/ACTIVITIES\nThis section collected information on all non-agricultural enterprises and activities -- type of activity, revenue earned, expenditures, etc.\n\nSection 14. CREDIT AND SAVINGS\nThis section collected information on loans made by the household to others, or loans taken from others by household members, as well as on land, property, or other fixed assets owned by the household.\n\nSection 15. REMITTANCES AND TRANSFERS\nThis section collected information on remittances sent by members of the household to others and on transfers received by members of the household from others.\n\nSection 16. OTHER ASSETS AND INCOME\nThis section collected information on income from all other sources not covered elsewhere in the questionnaire.\n\nSection 17. ADEQUACY OF CONSUMPTION\nThis section collected information on whether the household perceives its level of consumption to be adequate or not.\n\nRURAL COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE\n\nSection 1. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND INFRASTRUCTURES\nThis section collected information on the characteristics of the community, availability of electricity and its services and water supply and sewerage.\n\nSection 2. ACCESS TO FACILITIES\nData on services and amenities, education status and health facilities was collected.\n\nSection 3. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY\nInformation on the land situation, irrigation systems, crop cycles, wages paid to hired labor, rental rates for cattle and machinery and forestry use were asked in this section.\n\nSection 4. MIGRATION\nThis section collected information on the main migratory movements in and out.\n\nSection 5. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS, USER GROUPS, etc.\nIn this section, information on development programs, existence user groups, and the quality of life in the community was collected.\n\nSection 6. RURAL PRIMARY SCHOOL\nThis section collected information on enrollment, infrastructure, and supplies. \n\nSection 7. RURAL HEALTH FACILITY\nThis section collected information on health facilities, equipment and services available, and health personnel in the community.\n\nSection 8. MARKETS AND PRICES\nThis section collected information on local shops, Haat Bazaar, agricultural inputs, sale of crops and the conversion of local units into standard units.\n\nURBAN COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE\n\nSection 1. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND INFRASTRUCTURE\nInformation was collected on the characteristics of the community, availability of electricity, water supply and sewerage system in the ward.\n\nSection 2. ACCESS TO FACILITIES\nThis section collected information on the distance from the community to the various places and public facilities and services.\n\nSection 3. MARKETS AND PRICES\nThis section collected information on the availability and prices of different goods.\n\nSection 4. QUALITY OF LIFE\nHere the notion of the quality of life in the community was explored.","coll_situation":"Household Listing Operation\n\nAfter the random selection of the 275 wards, a complete enumeration of households in the sampled wards was conducted in order to select and identify the households to be interviewed. The household listing operation was carried out in two phases between July 1994 and December 1994. Information collected focused on: locality, name of the household head, nick-name of the household head (rural), block number of dwelling (urban), and household size. The cover page for the listing was designed to gather information on the mode of transport and time required to reach the ward; this facilitated the preparation of schedules for the field teams.\n\nThe pre-test and training periods provided excellent opportunities to simultaneously improve the structure of the questionnaire and the manual. Data were collected by 12 field teams, each responsible for a particular area of the country. Assignment of wards to the various teams had been done so as to balance the work load and travel time across teams. The teams were based in the appropriate district office of the CBS, and covered on average 23 wards. Each team consists of one supervisor, three interviewers, and a data entry operator. One of the interviewers was also trained as an anthropometrist, and was responsible for weighing and measuring children in all interviewed households. \n \nEach team was provided with a computer, printer, and power system for data entry, as well as with scales and  meters to measure children. All field teams surveyed households during a twelve month period. Three teams  deputed in the Tarai region and one based in Kathmandu each were provided with a vehicle. Compared to the average workload of 22 wards, these four teams were allotted wards ranging from 33 to 36 wards. The reasons  to provide these teams with a vehicle on top of the workload was also because of more accessibility in the region. All the teams were directed to strictly follow the process of on the spot electronic checking by observing the print out that can be obtained after the data is entered into the computer. A software package that would reveal immediately the errors and inconsistencies is installed to enable the team to revisit the household if the situation warrants. A detail interview schedule of all the selected wards were prepared in a systematic order and were supplied to the field teams to execute the interviews accordingly in order to control seasonal variation.\n \nThe entire field work is divided into four phases containing specific time tables showing dates for travel, date to start the interview and date to mail the diskettes to the center (CBS). However the first phase of the data collection work was intentionally minimized to 28 wards to evaluate quality and consistency of the data collected. All the supervisors after the first phase of data collection were assembled to the CBS for an in-depth evaluation of the quality of the data collected. A two week discussion session was conducted in order to maintain the desired quality of data through verification and cross-checks of data between inter-sections. Techniques to quickly check and verify through examples of empirical scanning was discussed at great length.\n\nField Work Organization\n\nField Teams: The data were collected by 12 field teams, each responsible for a particular area of the country. Assignment of wards to the various teams was done to balance the work load and travel time across teams. The teams were based in the appropriate district office of the CBS, and covered on average 23 wards. Each team consisted of one supervisor, three interviewers, and a data entry operator. One of the interviewer was also trained as an anthropometrist, and was responsible for weighing and measuring children in all interviewed households. Each team included at least one female interviewer.\n\nStructure of the Interviews: Each ward was visited once. Within each ward, however, households to be interviewed were often visited several times, depending on how long it took to complete the questionnaire. In the first visit, the interviewer completed the listing of all the household members and made appointments to talk to each of them; in later visits, he\/she interviewed the different members of the household. The amount of time taken to complete the questionnaire varied greatly from household to household, depending on the number of people there were in the household, how much land they owned, how many different kinds of economic activities they were undertaking, how many modern consumer goods they owned, and other such factors. In general, the larger the household, the more the people had to be interviewed, and hence the longer the interview in the household was likely to be. Usually it took at least two visits to complete the interview.\n\nData Entry and Management: A distinctive feature of the NLSS is the use of personal computers for data entry in the field. Instead of sending the completed questionnaires back to the central office for data entry, the data collected in the ward were entered while the team was still in the field. for this purpose, each team was provided with a computer, a printer, and a power system for data entry, in addition to scales and meters to measure children. A data entry program developed specifically for the survey was installed on each computer. The data entry program let the data operator and the supervisor know if there were mistakes or missing data in the interview, and checked whether information from one part of the interview matched information from other parts. When problems or errors were found, the interviewers returned to the households to correct the information. This process of entering, checking, and correcting the data in the field helped to ensure that the information collected was accurate. It also reduced the time lag between data collection and data analysis; diskettes containing the complete data for each ward were sent back to the central office as soon as work in the ward was completed, and the data were available for analysis shortly after the completion of the collection phase.\n\nData Collection: Data collection was planned over a full year to cover a complete cycle in agricultural activities and capture seasonal variations in other variables. Field work took place in four subsequent phases. During the first phase, which began on Ashad 15, 2052 (June 25, 1995), interviews were carried out in 28 wards. Then the supervisors and data entry operators were called back to the CBS for a two-week review of the data collected. Instructions were issued where errors and inconsistencies were found. The second phase of data collection work started from Bhadra (mid-August 1995) and continued till the first week of Kartik. During this phase, work on 66 wards was completed. The third phase data collection work continued from Kartik (after Dasain) onwards to Poush. During this phase work on 93 wards was completed. The fourth phase began in \"Magh\" and was completed by the end of \"Jesth\", 2052 (June 15, 1996), as planned.","act_min":"As the leader of the field team and the representative of the Management Unit, the key roles of the supervisor in the survey are as follows:\n\n(1) Overall field supervision, coordination and monitoring of data collection activities. The supervisor is responsible for the quality of information collected in the field. An important part of this task is to coordinate the work of the interviewers assist the interviewers in locating households and ensuring their willingness to respond to the survey. It is also necessary for him to maintain good relations with senior officials and other important people in the communities visited. \n \n(2) Monitoring and evaluation of the quality of field interviews and completed questionnaires, and checking of the data entry printouts. Supervisors routinely observe interviews without telling the interviewers in advance. Based on a set of criteria for evaluating a good interviewer, he immediately checks the interviewer's performance. NLSS Form 2:  Interviewer Evaluation is provided for this purpose. After the data are collected, the supervisor checks whether the interviewer's recording is legible, if the skip patterns are followed, and that the interviewer instructions given in the questionnaires were observed. NLSS Form 3: Questionnaire Verification is provided for this purpose.\n \nThe supervisor also revisits households on occasion to cross-check some of the information provided by the household. NLSS Form 4: Interview Verification is provided to help to cross-check certain key questions. It is particularly important because the interviewers know that data validation will be done. The supervisor carefully checks the errors found by the data entry program, with the help of the interviewers and revisits the household to correct the errors.\n \n(3) Management of personnel, equipment and vehicles In addition to the field management functions, the supervisor is also responsible for supervising the data entry operator and the driver. He ensures that they work efficiently to provide for smooth implementation of data collection activities and be responsible for the proper handling and care of computer equipment and the vehicle.\n \n(4) Exchange of information between NLSS Management and field teams. As the main channel of communications, the supervisor ensures that any advice or instructions from the Core Management Team is relayed to and followed by the field team and that the \nManagement Team is informed regularly of the progress of data collection activities.\n \nIn order to manage the field work effectively, the supervisor may also have to conduct interviews himself if one of the regular interviewers is ill or otherwise unavailable. So he is always familiar with the content not only of this manual but also of the instruction manuals for the interviewers and the data entry operators.\n\nOne of the primary functions of the supervisor was quality control, that is, ensuring the quality of the data that is collected by the interviewers and entered by the data entry operators.  To do this, the following specific tasks are assigned to him:\n\n1. Publicity\n2. Assigning Households to interviewers and finding the selected household\n3. Preparation of the questionnaires\n4. Scheduling of household interviews\n5. Verification of the questionnaire\n6. Observing interviews\n7. Re-interviewing households\n8. Administering the community, price, and facility questionnaires\n9. Checking the printouts\n \nCentral Supervision\n\nIn addition to the regular supervision done by the respective supervisors in the field teams there is central core team at the headquarters. The members of these central core units are responsible for the overall management and supervision of the field work. It is the duty of this core team for maintaining the smooth operation of the field work.\n\nAny unresolved problems encountered in the field and other unforeseen problems observed during the field supervision were immediately resolved.\n\nAs there were twelve field teams in the NLSS-1995 survey, each team was equipped with a field supervisor for independently conducting their field operation. However, the supervision from the team supervisor was found always not enough for the smooth running of the field work. For improving the quality of the field work almost all teams were centrally supervised during the field work of almost one year. However, some teams were revisited for supervision from the core staffs of the center. For the evaluation of the field work during the central supervision a central supervision form thus prepared were filled in for evaluation for future references and follow-up supervision.\n \nThe central supervision of the field work of the field teams were not only done by the central core member staffs but at times the international consultants and the members of the donor also participated in this team work. In addition there were good amount of exchange of national and international practices of doing things and of ideas at the time of the field work. In this way the central supervision in the NLSS-I was found to be unique and very special. Above all it has tremendously contributed in the overall aspect of the NLSS survey.","weight":"The weights for the survey were derived taking into account the stratification of the sampling frame and the selection of wards within the strata. See \"Sampling Weights for the NLSS\" for a detailed discussion on the weights for the survey. Data file sample contains the NLSS weights.","cleaning_operations":"Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:\na) Office editing and coding\nb) During data entry\nc) Structure checking and completeness\nd) Secondary editing\ne) Structural checking of SPSS data files\n \nEach week, the data entry operator gives the supervisor two specific computer-generated documents for each \nhousehold in the previous week's ward:\n\u2022 a listing of errors in the data entered for the household;\n\u2022 a special listing of consistency checks.","method_notes":"A distinctive feature of the NLSS is the use of personal computers for data entry in the field. Instead of sending the completed questionnaires back to the central office for data entry, the data collected in the ward were entered while the team was still in the field. For this purpose, each team was provided with a computer, a printer, and a power system for data entry, in addition to scales and meters to measure children. A data entry program developed specifically for the survey was installed on each computer. The data entry program let the data operator and the supervisor know if there were mistakes or missing data in the interview, and checked whether information from one part of the interview matched information from other parts. When problems or errors were found, the interviewers returned to the households to correct the information. This process of entering, checking, and correcting the data in the field helped to ensure that the information collected was accurate. It also reduced the time lag between data collection and data analysis; diskettes containing the complete data for each ward were sent back to the central office as soon as work in the ward was completed, and the data were available for analysis shortly after the completion of the collection phase. \n \nData Entry\nData entry involves keying in information from the questionnaires and then running a series of programs to check the information. These programs detect errors or inconsistencies in the data. All data are stored internally in the team's computer. In addition, the data entry operator makes backup copies of all data files on diskettes. The data entry operator is also responsible for maintaining the personal computer, printer, and the power equipment, as well as for storing the diskettes, printouts, and questionnaires properly."},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"99.5 percent of households (3370 out of 3388)."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Confidentiality of the respondents is guaranteed by Article 8 of Statistics Act 1958.\n\nRestriction on publication of information and details\n\nAny information or details relating to any person, family, firm or company, which have been supplied, obtained or prepared pursuant to Section 3 or Section 4 or Section 5 or Section 6 or Section 7 or any part of such information or details, shall not be disclosed or published directly except to the Director General or to any other officer of the Bureau without the written permission of the person or of his or her authorized representative supplying such information or details.\n\nFor the purpose of institution of any suit under this Act, nothing mentioned in Sub-section (1) shall be deemed to bar the production of such information before any court.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"contact":[{"name":"Director General","affiliation":"Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal","email":"uttammalla@cbs.gov.np","uri":"http:\/\/cbs.gov.np\/?page_id=17"}],"cit_req":"Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:\n- the Identification of the Primary Investigator\n- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and  year of implementation)\n- the survey reference number\n- the source and date of download\n\nExample:\n\nCentral Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. Nepal Living Standards Survey 1995\/96. Ref. NPL_1995_LSS-I_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [source] on [date].","conditions":"The 1996, 2003-04 and 2010-11 Nepal Living Standards Survey data are the property of the government of Nepal. The data are available to the public, but requests must be made to the Nepalese statistical institute. The request should be submitted to:\n\nThe Central Bureau of Statistics:\nhhss@cbs.gov.np\n\nwith a copy to:\n\nMr. Dhundiraj Lamichhane\nHead, Household Survey Division\nCentral Bureau of Statistics\ndhundiraj@gmail.com\n\nThe request should include a brief (one page) explanation of the proposed research.\n\nThe Central Bureau of Statistics will authorize the data release and provide instructions on how to provide the Central Bureau of Statistics with a processing fee. The Central Bureau of Statistics can provide the data to users by e-mail upon receipt of a bank transfer for the processing. As of February 2012, the processing fee structure can be found in the following Annex from the Statistical Abstract.\n\nPlease note that power cuts are extensive in Kathmandu. CBS personnel are often difficult to contact because of the power cuts. Allow extra time for CBS to respond.","disclaimer":"The Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal bears no responsibility for any outcomes or for interpretations or inferences arising from the use of the dataset."}}},"schematype":"survey","tags":[{"tag":"noDOI"}]}