DDI_MWI_2014_ES-INNOV_v01_M_WB
Development Data Group
2015-09-22
NADA
v01 (September 2015)
Enterprise Survey 2014
Innovation Follow-up Survey
ES-INNOV 2014
MWI_2014_ES-INNOV_v01_M
World Bank
Ipsos
NADA
The Department for International Development
World Bank
Enterprise Analysis Unit
VP Development Economics and Chief Economist, Enterprise Analysis - WB
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
The Enterprise Survey is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-2006, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. The Enterprise Surveys are conducted across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies. The surveys are administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy. Data is used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries.
The Innovation Follow-up Survey was launched in 2011 to study innovation and innovation-related activities.
During 2011-2014, 19 countries in Africa and South Asia already included in the standard Enterprise Survey have been surveyed using the innovation module. The countries are: Congo DRC, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe in Africa and Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan in South Asia.
v01
In 2011 the World Bank in collaboration with the Department for International Development (DFID), launched the follow-up survey to the standard World Bank Enterprise Survey (ES) aiming to improve the measurement of innovation in emerging economies and developing countries.
Researchers revisited businesses already interviewed during the ES to collect firm-level data on innovation and innovation related activities, such as product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation, and marketing innovation.
The objectives of the Innovation Follow-up Survey are:
- to provide evidence on nature, role and determinants of innovation in emerging and developing countries;
- to generate information that will be used to identify projects and develop policies to promote innovation;
- to stimulate systematic policy dialogue on the importance of innovation as a driver of private sector development and economic growth at the global level.
In Malawi, the survey was administered to a subset of ES respondents randomly selected in order to have a final sample of 75% of the original ES; 250 successful interviews were conducted. Business owners and top managers were interviewed from June 2014 through February 2015.
The innovation dataset can be merged with Malawi 2014 Enterprise Survey dataset using the common id variable "idstd".
Malawi
National
The primary sampling unit of the study is an establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.
The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural private economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors. Companies with 100% government ownership are not eligible to participate in the Enterprise Surveys.
Sample survey data [ssd]
The scope of the study includes:
- product innovation
- process innovation
- organizational innovation
- marketing innovation
- innovation activities
- use of information technologies.
Knowledge Research and Consultancy
Respondents were randomly selected from a list of establishments interviewed for Malawi 2014 Enterprise Survey. The goal was to have a final sample of 75% of the original businesses.
Face-to-face [f2f]
Weighs for the innovation survey are calculated from the original Enterprise Survey weights through upwards adjustment by multiplying with a cell-specific factor which equals the proportion of originally completed ES interviews to completed innovation interviews.
Enterprise Surveys
https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/Portal/
Cost: None
The use of this dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name)
- the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online)
Example:
The World Bank. Malawi Enterprise Survey (ES) 2014, Innovation Follow-up Survey. Ref. MWI_2014_ES-INNOV_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
malawi_2014_innovation_data_
250
146
id - firm id
id - firm id
id - firm id
id - firm id
id - firm id
250
111
111150215
recnumber
recnumber
recnumber
recnumber
recnumber
249
1
2
59
preference - Preference
preference - Preference
preference - Preference
preference - Preference
preference - Preference
178
72
1
65
a4a - Industry Samplig Sector
a4a - Industry Samplig Sector
a4a - Industry Samplig Sector
a4a - Industry Samplig Sector
a4a - Industry Samplig Sector
250
15
Food
16
Tobacco
17
Textiles
18
Garments
19
Leather
20
Wood
21
Paper
22
Publishing, printing, and Recorded media
23
Refined petroleum product
24
Chemicals
25
Plastics & rubber
26
Non metallic mineral products
27
Basic metals
28
Fabricated metal products
29
Machinery and equipment (29 & 30)
31
Electronics (31 & 32)
33
Precision instruments
34
Transport machines (34&35)
36
Furniture
37
Recycling
45
Construction Section F:
50
Services of motor vehicles
51
Wholesale
52
Retail
55
Hotel and restaurants: section H
60
Transport Section I: (60-64)
72
it
Sysmiss
a4b - Industry Screener Sector
a4b - Industry Screener Sector
a4b - Industry Screener Sector
a4b - Industry Screener Sector
a4b - Industry Screener Sector
250
15
Food
16
Tobacco
17
Textiles
18
Garments
19
Leather
20
Wood
21
Paper
22
Publishing, printing, and Recorded media
23
Refined petroleum product
24
Chemicals
25
Plastics & rubber
26
Non metallic mineral products
27
Basic metals
28
Fabricated metal products
29
Machinery and equipment (29 & 30)
31
Electronics (31 & 32)
33
Precision instruments
34
Transport machines (34&35)
36
Furniture
37
Recycling
45
Construction Section F:
50
Services of motor vehicles
51
Wholesale
52
Retail
55
Hotel and restaurants: section H
60
Transport Section I: (60-64)
63
72
it
a6a - Samplig Size
a6a - Samplig Size
a6a - Samplig Size
a6a - Samplig Size
a6a - Samplig Size
250
Micro <5
1
Small >=5 and <=19
2
Medium >=20 and <=99
3
Large >=100
4
a6b - Screener Size
a6b - Screener Size
a6b - Screener Size
a6b - Screener Size
a6b - Screener Size
250
Micro <5
1
Small >=5 and <=19
2
Medium >=20 and <=99
3
Large >=100
b5 - In what year did this establishment begin operations?
b5 - In what year did this establishment begin operations?
b5 - In what year did this establishment begin operations?
b5 - In what year did this establishment begin operations?
b5 - In what year did this establishment begin operations?
250
-9
2014
ha0 - Questionnaire
ha0 - Questionnaire
ha0 - Questionnaire
ha0 - Questionnaire
ha0 - Questionnaire
250
1
Manufacturing
2
Services
ha14d - Day
ha14d - Day
ha14d - Day
ha14d - Day
ha14d - Day
250
1
31
ha14m - Month
ha14m - Month
ha14m - Month
ha14m - Month
ha14m - Month
250
1
2
3
4
11
12
ha14y - Year
ha14y - Year
ha14y - Year
ha14y - Year
ha14y - Year
250
2014
2015
ha14h - Hour
ha14h - Hour
ha14h - Hour
ha14h - Hour
ha14h - Hour
250
1
2
3
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
ha14min - Minutes
ha14min - Minutes
ha14min - Minutes
ha14min - Minutes
ha14min - Minutes
250
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
ha0b - Same respondent as the ES
ha0b - Same respondent as the ES
ha0b - Same respondent as the ES
ha0b - Same respondent as the ES
ha0b - Same respondent as the ES
250
1
Yes
2
No
hb1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hb1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hb1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hb1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hb1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
I would like to start by asking you some questions about any new or significantly improved product or service introduced by this establishment, where "new" means new to the establishment and not necessarily new to the market. The next questions will refer to this new or significantly improved product or service as an "innovative" product or service.
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce any new or significantly improved product or service?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hb5x - Please describe in detail the main innovative product or service that thi
hb5x - Please describe in detail the main innovative product or service that thi
hb5x - Please describe in detail the main innovative product or service that thi
hb5x - Please describe in detail the main innovative product or service that thi
hb5x - Please describe in detail the main innovative product or service that thi
The next questions are about this establishment's main new or significantly improved product or service. The main innovative product or service is the one that represented the largest proportion of this establishment's sales in value (not volume) during financial year [insert FY].
Please describe in detail the main new or significantly improved product or service that this establishment introduced from financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2].
109
At we used manual machine to do our products and now we useing automatic machinery that makes our work easy.
L shape luxury sofa's
We now import our timber to RSA while before it was Mozambique, Zambia and Tanzania only
We used to have manual machines but now we have got electrical machines.
accounting systems softwares
adding new bakery in this shop.introducing 24hours opperation in this shop
at first we didn't have work shop and now we have the work shop
at first we used to make tables only and we are also making chairs.
at first we used to manufacturin white bread and we also manufacturi bran bread.
at first were making cheap chairs with soft cloth now we a making chairs with hard clothes which more costly
at first were manufacture kumanga cement and we introduce njati cement
azam drinks
banks loan
best installer and best seller of computers, desk tops
bought new computers
bulk rice milling
chitenje wax cloth
concrete mixer
delivering medicines at door step
electrical conduit pipes
face and bathing towels
fortified likuni phala
free WI-FI to customers
free wifi and breakfast
frost free fridges
getting large contract
i opened some more shops in two different towns
importing
introduced new design
introduced new shoes for ladies called vinus
lamination
made new designs of tankers
manufacturing brake liner
new accommodation and service
nothing was innovated
now he sells metalic telvision
now now have many photocopy and printing machine
one new printer that prints and cuts
passport photo processing machine
payment by visa dept cards
plastic bags manufacturing
printing name on t shirt
pvc pipes
rubber converters
scrapping and forging metals
services are computerised
since he was selling new stuff only now he is doing both new and old ones
sobo drink products
solar torches, and bulbs
some products from Egypt, there are Seven products, because some other products comes from China
stared chcke rearng ad processing
started selling phones
the sailing of cartain and dresses
they become agent for lister petter
they brought new insecticides
they have changed the house to offices
they have come up with new brand of vehicles and technology.
they introduced a web site
they introduced airconditioners
they introduced halaal food for Muslims
they introduced tong scissors
they introduced tourner cartridges
they introduced uht milk
they made a new range of jewellery
they now seling motors
they started selling beef cut
vehicle tracking system
ware house management
we are now producing fine wood bunk beds
we bought big cars eg caterpillar
we buying paints and other raw materials for customers on our behalf
we have introduced furniture for selling as addition to what we are already offering to our customers
we have now selling different types of meat, and groceries
we have started breaking and fixing damaged vehicles
we innovated roofing systems in this country
we introduce v shape chair
we introduced energy saver bulbs, big sockets and toilet chambers
we introduced new blankets on the market and phased out chinese ones
we introduced rope called for building measurements
we introduced rubber shoe
we introducing new materials to profiles from aluminium, instead of glasses
we now do landscaping
we now have a hardware which now sales other things either than spare parts
we now have a section for kitchen ware
we now have a wide range of plastic shoes some have interior on the outside and plastic inside
we now have air conditions and geysers in the rooms
we now have big trucks, while before we used to have minibuses, buses and 10 tonnes only
we now have colour printers
we now have computers in each office and colour printers
we now have different types of cars
we now have televisions and dstv in all the rooms, as well as fridge
we now make coloured and flavored candles we also do decoration candles for weddings and other occasions
we now making leather chairs
we now producing sour milk, chocolates and we now have a butchery
we now provide towering services
we now sell any type of drugs or medication
we now sell heavy duty machinery including mining drills
we now sell sauge and goat meat.
we now selling ice creams and pizza
we now travel to Zimbabwe several times a week than we used to do
we order our electronics from England
we started as hardware shop n now we are moving into safety products
we started importing new pharmacritical a from outside the country:-)
we started using new machines for producing quality plastic bags
we used to carry the engen with chains and now we useing the forklift to carry the engen to workshop
we used to fixed manual cars only and now we are also doing automatic cars
we used to have a manual photocopy machine
we used to manufacturin small chair with soft cloth and now manufacturin of chairs with hard cloth which are costly.
we used to print out book and papers only now we have pamphlets and posters
hb6 - Year the main innovative product was introduced
hb6 - Year the main innovative product was introduced
hb6 - Year the main innovative product was introduced
hb6 - Year the main innovative product was introduced
hb6 - Year the main innovative product was introduced
In which year did this establishment introduce the main innovative product or service?
109
141
-9
2013
hb4 - Percentage of sales from the main innovative product or service
hb4 - Percentage of sales from the main innovative product or service
hb4 - Percentage of sales from the main innovative product or service
hb4 - Percentage of sales from the main innovative product or service
hb4 - Percentage of sales from the main innovative product or service
In financial year [insert FY], what percentage of this establishment's total sales was represented by sales from the main new or significantly improved product or service?
109
141
-9
100
hb5a - Is the main new of significantly improved product or servic produced by t
hb5a - Is the main new of significantly improved product or servic produced by t
hb5a - Is the main new of significantly improved product or servic produced by t
hb5a - Is the main new of significantly improved product or servic produced by t
hb5a - Is the main new of significantly improved product or servic produced by t
Is the main new or significantly improved product or service produced by this establishment?
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb5b - Is the main new of significantly improved product or service a product th
hb5b - Is the main new of significantly improved product or service a product th
hb5b - Is the main new of significantly improved product or service a product th
hb5b - Is the main new of significantly improved product or service a product th
hb5b - Is the main new of significantly improved product or service a product th
Is the main new or significantly improved product or service a product that this establishment purchases to resell?
41
209
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb9a - Does it have cdifferent functions?
hb9a - Does it have cdifferent functions?
hb9a - Does it have cdifferent functions?
hb9a - Does it have cdifferent functions?
hb9a - Does it have cdifferent functions?
I will now ask you a few questions about the main new or significantly improved product or service compared with all other products and services already produced in this establishment.
Does it have different functions?
109
141
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb9b - Does it have different features
hb9b - Does it have different features
hb9b - Does it have different features
hb9b - Does it have different features
hb9b - Does it have different features
I will now ask you a few questions about the main new or significantly improved product or service compared with all other products and services already produced in this establishment.
Does it have different features?
109
141
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb9c - Is it cheaper to produce or offer?
hb9c - Is it cheaper to produce or offer?
hb9c - Is it cheaper to produce or offer?
hb9c - Is it cheaper to produce or offer?
hb9c - Is it cheaper to produce or offer?
I will now ask you a few questions about the main new or significantly improved product or service compared with all other products and services already produced in this establishment.
Is it cheaper to produce or offer?
109
141
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb9d - Does it look different
hb9d - Does it look different
hb9d - Does it look different
hb9d - Does it look different
hb9d - Does it look different
I will now ask you a few questions about the main new or significantly improved product or service compared with all other products and services already produced in this establishment.
Does it look different?
109
141
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb9e - Does it use different inputs?
hb9e - Does it use different inputs?
hb9e - Does it use different inputs?
hb9e - Does it use different inputs?
hb9e - Does it use different inputs?
I will now ask you a few questions about the main new or significantly improved product or service compared with all other products and services already produced in this establishment.
Does it use different inputs?
109
141
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb10a - To replace a product or service offered by this establishment
hb10a - To replace a product or service offered by this establishment
hb10a - To replace a product or service offered by this establishment
hb10a - To replace a product or service offered by this establishment
hb10a - To replace a product or service offered by this establishment
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced this main innovative product:
To replace a product or service offered by this establishment
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb10b - To extend the range of products or service offered by this establishment
hb10b - To extend the range of products or service offered by this establishment
hb10b - To extend the range of products or service offered by this establishment
hb10b - To extend the range of products or service offered by this establishment
hb10b - To extend the range of products or service offered by this establishment
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced this main innovative product:
To extend the range of products or service offered by this establishment
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb10c - To open up new markets or increase market share
hb10c - To open up new markets or increase market share
hb10c - To open up new markets or increase market share
hb10c - To open up new markets or increase market share
hb10c - To open up new markets or increase market share
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced this main innovative product:
To open up new markets or increase market share
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb10d - To decrease the cost of production or offering the service
hb10d - To decrease the cost of production or offering the service
hb10d - To decrease the cost of production or offering the service
hb10d - To decrease the cost of production or offering the service
hb10d - To decrease the cost of production or offering the service
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced this main innovative product:
To decrease the cost of production or offering the service
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb10e - To offer products or service already offered by competitors
hb10e - To offer products or service already offered by competitors
hb10e - To offer products or service already offered by competitors
hb10e - To offer products or service already offered by competitors
hb10e - To offer products or service already offered by competitors
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced this main innovative product:
To offer products or service already offered by competitors
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb10f - To comply with regulations or standards (e.g. safety or environmental r
hb10f - To comply with regulations or standards (e.g. safety or environmental r
hb10f - To comply with regulations or standards (e.g. safety or environmental r
hb10f - To comply with regulations or standards (e.g. safety or environmental r
hb10f - To comply with regulations or standards (e.g. safety or environmental r
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced this main innovative product:
To comply with regulations or standards (e.g. safety or environmental regulations)
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb10g - To deal with a decrease in the demand for other products or service
hb10g - To deal with a decrease in the demand for other products or service
hb10g - To deal with a decrease in the demand for other products or service
hb10g - To deal with a decrease in the demand for other products or service
hb10g - To deal with a decrease in the demand for other products or service
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced this main innovative product:
To deal with a decrease in the demand for other products or service
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb11a - New to the local market
hb11a - New to the local market
hb11a - New to the local market
hb11a - New to the local market
hb11a - New to the local market
When this main innovative product or service was introduced by this establishment, was it
New to the local market
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb11b - New to the national market
hb11b - New to the national market
hb11b - New to the national market
hb11b - New to the national market
hb11b - New to the national market
When this main innovative product or service was introduced by this establishment, was it
New to the national market
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb11c - New to the international market
hb11c - New to the international market
hb11c - New to the international market
hb11c - New to the international market
hb11c - New to the international market
When this main innovative product or service was introduced by this establishment, was it
New to the international market
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hb12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this main innovative prod
hb12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this main innovative prod
hb12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this main innovative prod
hb12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this main innovative prod
hb12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this main innovative prod
How did this establishment develop the idea for this main innovative product or service?
109
141
1
By adapting a product or service already sold or offered by
2
By reproducing a product or service already sold or offered
3
This establishment originated this innovative product or ser
4
By selling a product that was purchased to resell
Sysmiss
hb13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved product or service?
hb13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved product or service?
hb13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved product or service?
hb13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved product or service?
hb13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved product or service?
Was the main innovative product or service developed entirely by this establishment?
109
141
-9
Don't know
1
Entirely by this establishment
2
Entirely by another establishment part of the same group
3
Entirely by another establishment independent from this es
4
This establishment in cooperation with other firms or instit
Sysmiss
hb19a - Abandoned or suspended before completion
hb19a - Abandoned or suspended before completion
hb19a - Abandoned or suspended before completion
hb19a - Abandoned or suspended before completion
hb19a - Abandoned or suspended before completion
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment attempt to develop an innovative product or service that was
Abandoned or suspended before completion
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hb19b - Still ongoing at the end of fiscal year 2013
hb19b - Still ongoing at the end of fiscal year 2013
hb19b - Still ongoing at the end of fiscal year 2013
hb19b - Still ongoing at the end of fiscal year 2013
hb19b - Still ongoing at the end of fiscal year 2013
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment attempt to develop an innovative product or service that was
Still ongoing at the end of financial year
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hc1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc1 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
I would now like to ask you some questions related to any new or significantly improved process introduced by this establishment.
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce any new or significantly improved methods of manufacturing products or offering services?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hc2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce any new or significantly improved logistics, delivery, or distribution methods for inputs, products, or services?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hc3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
hc3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any inno
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce any new or significantly improved supporting activity for processes, such as maintenance systems or operations for purchasing, accounting, or computing?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hc4 - INTERVIEWER, PLEASE MARK THE FOLLOWING BASED ON THE ABOVE 3 QUESTIONS
hc4 - INTERVIEWER, PLEASE MARK THE FOLLOWING BASED ON THE ABOVE 3 QUESTIONS
hc4 - INTERVIEWER, PLEASE MARK THE FOLLOWING BASED ON THE ABOVE 3 QUESTIONS
hc4 - INTERVIEWER, PLEASE MARK THE FOLLOWING BASED ON THE ABOVE 3 QUESTIONS
hc4 - INTERVIEWER, PLEASE MARK THE FOLLOWING BASED ON THE ABOVE 3 QUESTIONS
250
1
AT LEAST ONE of above 3 questions are “yes”
2
NONE of 3 above questions are “yes”
hc5x - Please describe in detail this establishment’s main innovative process
hc5x - Please describe in detail this establishment’s main innovative process
hc5x - Please describe in detail this establishment’s main innovative process
hc5x - Please describe in detail this establishment’s main innovative process
hc5x - Please describe in detail this establishment’s main innovative process
The next questions refer to this establishment's main innovative process, that is, the innovative process that had the largest impact on the operations of the establishment.
Please describe in detail this establishment's main innovative process
125
South marketing products. over the Internet
They have introduced lamination
We now have coaches going to South Africa
automate system of manufacturing towels
automated bulk rice milling machine
automated concrete mixer
automated manufacturing of fortified likuni phala
automated rubber converters making machine
automated system of making electric conduit pipes
automated wax manufacturing machine
bringing in new models of vehicles
by introducing computer system.
company recently bought a crushing plant which is a new product making it easy to source quarry for its projects.
computerised highteck passport photo printing machine
constructed a new and bigger shop for better customer serving
construction we have embarked on it and still improving on that
customer care and goods
customer recapturing. bringing in new ways to help customers
delivering goods to customers
delivering goods to customers that buy large quantities
delivering product to customers for free
each room now have television
electric timber smoothing machine
employees more skilled workers
free delivery to customers on every fridge purchase
from counting goods manually to using computers
from using desktop computers to laptops
from vehicle patrol to computerised vehicle tracking system
improved customer care and using ICT in transacting business and reaching out to new customers
improved parts and new look of the tankers
improved service between this campany and malawi revenues authority
in terms of delivery it used to take twoo weeks to deliver but now its one week aldo the availability of forex helped in increased speed of delivery from suppliers
in the first used only glasses now they are selling alluminium trellidors
it does not need a lot of people and machinery
its now easy for us to use electrical machine than to use manual
making metal appliances from scrap metal and forged metal
making profiles from aluminium instead of glasses
making soft drink from malambe fruit
manual now using computerised machines which gives quality produce
marking same big from semo
mobile money
new accommodation and service
new equipment for processing plastic materials
new machinary to produce paints
new machines
new package machine
no charges
no process
no process done
none
now using electric stores fro. gas stoves for cooking
point of sale software
renovations done on our structures to create a conducive environment for our customers
she had no house now she has
since we are now using forklift this has helped us fixing many cars .
since we now have photocopy and priting machines we now making alot of money.
state of the art back up system
telecommunication. marketing products online
the intrction of verious design of new plasma television
the selling of both old and new stuff
the use of new machine in production to produce finished products, like cigarettes.
there is absolutly change frm alodge to offices
they are doing door to door deliveries
they are now making sausages from small cuts of meat which they once said was waste
they changed the machines they were using
they changed the way they manufacture yoghurt
they have inproved in logisticts since they were not deliver goods for customers so now they do
they improved in their printing department by buying new machines
they introduced hot air guns
they introduced new paints
they introduced twitter take overs
they restructured the collective centre
they started to use subdistributors
they upgraded their computers
they used manual but now theyare using computers
they were on lower catigory now they are on high catigory
this chair are not popular in our local market
to specialized equipment
using computer for accounting
using laptops instead of desktop computers
we also manufacturin bran bas.
we are now selling 5 litres oil while before we didn't have
we are now transporting our goods buy air ,while we used to use road
we are now using an electric photocopy machine again we are now stocking secondary books and novels
we deliver and install goods to the clients
we deliver foods for customers when they bought goods for more than 100 000 kwacha
we do door to door deliver
we had to make alot of money since our work was easy because ofthe work shop
we have computers in each office
we have electronic way of dealing withbsales
we have now introduced online consultancy programmes
we have started to do some fitting jobs for some of our products
we help to identify paints on behalf of our clients
we import tiles and bath tabs from China and South Africa
we introduce njati cement because we wanted to make more money
we introduced a software in which we use spreadsheets to scan invoices and are changing to conduct business electronically n using the internet
we introduced is inorder to make more money
we introduced new packeging skills from manual machines to automatic-
we introduced this shoe because mary people came into our shop ask 4 rubber shoes.
we itrodudce this chair because there we allmost new to the local markert
we lntroduce this system because we wanted to do more work.
we moved from just selling construction material to constructing
we not do hiring
we now do a full day hire whereas we used to charge in hours
we now do color printing instead of black and white
we now do deliveries
we now give our clients thanks giving gifts when they leave the lodge
we now have company cars
we now have computers
we now have computers in each office,
we now have computers, we have 5 offices in the Country and 2 offices outside the Country.
we now have our own shops selling vegetables only
we now have some staff that we delivery and we are doing fitting on some of the hardware staff
we now make bread with raisins
we now offer free delivery all over the country
we now offer pay after service
we now offer side tables to those who buy tables
we now sell solar fan and energy saver bulbs
we now selling chicken, and sausages while before we were selling beef only. Again we are selling groceries on the other side to attract more and more customers:-)
we sell antilipecimix and double cellulose are the ones who are selling more
we used to carry engine we chain and now we use forklift
we used to have small cars only but now we have minibuses and some of best cars, and we now have trucks.
we used to sell nsima, rice and chips, but now we have got ice cream and pizza on top of that
we used to use hand labour to make the soap now we use machinery
when we introduce these chairs the company had make more money
hc5a - Is the main new of significantly improved process?
hc5a - Is the main new of significantly improved process?
hc5a - Is the main new of significantly improved process?
hc5a - Is the main new of significantly improved process?
hc5a - Is the main new of significantly improved process?
Is this main new or significantly improved process?
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
A new technology, new technique, or new equipment
2
A new software
3
A new or significantly improved logistics method for inputs,
4
A new or significantly improved delivery method for inputs
5
A new or significantly improved distribution method for prod
6
A new or significantly improved supporting activity
Sysmiss
hc6 - Year the most important innovative process was introduced
hc6 - Year the most important innovative process was introduced
hc6 - Year the most important innovative process was introduced
hc6 - Year the most important innovative process was introduced
hc6 - Year the most important innovative process was introduced
In which year did this establishment introduce this most important new or significantly improved process?
125
125
-9
2014
hc8 - Does the most important new or significantly improved process automate man
hc8 - Does the most important new or significantly improved process automate man
hc8 - Does the most important new or significantly improved process automate man
hc8 - Does the most important new or significantly improved process automate man
hc8 - Does the most important new or significantly improved process automate man
Does the most important new or significantly improved process automate manual processes, partially or fully?
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc9 - Is the most important innovative process associated with an innovative pro
hc9 - Is the most important innovative process associated with an innovative pro
hc9 - Is the most important innovative process associated with an innovative pro
hc9 - Is the most important innovative process associated with an innovative pro
hc9 - Is the most important innovative process associated with an innovative pro
Is the most important innovative process associated with an innovative product or service introduced by this establishment?
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc10i - To introduce or support a new or significantly improved product or servi
hc10i - To introduce or support a new or significantly improved product or servi
hc10i - To introduce or support a new or significantly improved product or servi
hc10i - To introduce or support a new or significantly improved product or servi
hc10i - To introduce or support a new or significantly improved product or servi
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?
To introduce or support a new or significantly improved product or service
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc10a - To increase the quality of products or services
hc10a - To increase the quality of products or services
hc10a - To increase the quality of products or services
hc10a - To increase the quality of products or services
hc10a - To increase the quality of products or services
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?
To increase the quality of products or services
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc10c - To increase the flexibility of production or offering service
hc10c - To increase the flexibility of production or offering service
hc10c - To increase the flexibility of production or offering service
hc10c - To increase the flexibility of production or offering service
hc10c - To increase the flexibility of production or offering service
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?
To increase the flexibility of production or offering service
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc10d - To increase the speed of production or offering service
hc10d - To increase the speed of production or offering service
hc10d - To increase the speed of production or offering service
hc10d - To increase the speed of production or offering service
hc10d - To increase the speed of production or offering service
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?
To increase the speed of production or offering service
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc10e - To increase the speed of delivery to the customer
hc10e - To increase the speed of delivery to the customer
hc10e - To increase the speed of delivery to the customer
hc10e - To increase the speed of delivery to the customer
hc10e - To increase the speed of delivery to the customer
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?
To increase the speed of delivery to the customer
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc10f - To decrease the cost of production or offering service
hc10f - To decrease the cost of production or offering service
hc10f - To decrease the cost of production or offering service
hc10f - To decrease the cost of production or offering service
hc10f - To decrease the cost of production or offering service
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?
To decrease the cost of production or offering service
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc10g - To reduce waste or errors (defect rate or rejection rate )
hc10g - To reduce waste or errors (defect rate or rejection rate )
hc10g - To reduce waste or errors (defect rate or rejection rate )
hc10g - To reduce waste or errors (defect rate or rejection rate )
hc10g - To reduce waste or errors (defect rate or rejection rate )
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?
To reduce waste or errors (defect rate or rejection rate)
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc10h - To comply with regulations or standards
hc10h - To comply with regulations or standards
hc10h - To comply with regulations or standards
hc10h - To comply with regulations or standards
hc10h - To comply with regulations or standards
Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?
To comply with regulations or standards (e.g. safety or environmental regulations)
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc11a - New to the local market
hc11a - New to the local market
hc11a - New to the local market
hc11a - New to the local market
hc11a - New to the local market
When the most important new or significantly improved process was introduced in this establishment, was it
New to the local market
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc11b - New to the national market
hc11b - New to the national market
hc11b - New to the national market
hc11b - New to the national market
hc11b - New to the national market
When the most important new or significantly improved process was introduced in this establishment, was it
New to the national market
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc11c - New to the international market
hc11c - New to the international market
hc11c - New to the international market
hc11c - New to the international market
hc11c - New to the international market
When the most important new or significantly improved process was introduced in this establishment, was it
New to the international market
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hc12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this most important innov
hc12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this most important innov
hc12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this most important innov
hc12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this most important innov
hc12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this most important innov
How did this establishment develop the idea for this most important innovative process?
125
125
1
By adapting a process already used by another firm
2
By reproducing a process already used by another firm
3
This establishment originated this innovative process
Sysmiss
hc13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved process?
hc13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved process?
hc13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved process?
hc13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved process?
hc13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved process?
Was the most important innovative process developed entirely by this establishment?
125
125
-9
Don't know
1
Entirely this establishment
2
Entirely another establishment part of the same group
3
Entirely another establishment independent from this establ
4
This establishment in cooperation with other firms or instit
Sysmiss
hd1a - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2013
hd1a - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2013
hd1a - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2013
hd1a - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2013
hd1a - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2013
I would now like to ask you some questions related to innovation in organization or management. Please note that these changes in organization or management do not necessarily need to be related to other innovations, such as product or process innovations.
All questions are about the situation in financial years [insert FY] and [insert FY-2].
In financial year [insert FY], how many employees reported directly to the Top Manager of this establishment? (An employee who reports directly implies the employee meets with the Top Manager on a regular basis (middle manager)).
104
146
-9
50
hd1b - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2011
hd1b - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2011
hd1b - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2011
hd1b - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2011
hd1b - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2011
In financial year [insert FY-2], how many employees reported directly to the Top Manager of this establishment?
104
146
1
69
hd2a - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2013
hd2a - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2013
hd2a - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2013
hd2a - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2013
hd2a - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2013
In financial year [insert FY], how many layers of direct reporting were there in this establishment from the Top Manager down to the lowest-level of employee?
104
146
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sysmiss
hd2b - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2011
hd2b - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2011
hd2b - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2011
hd2b - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2011
hd2b - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2011
In financial year [insert FY-2], how many layers of direct reporting were there in this establishment from the Top Manager down to the lowest-level of employee?
145
105
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
16
Sysmiss
hd3a - Create a new unit or department
hd3a - Create a new unit or department
hd3a - Create a new unit or department
hd3a - Create a new unit or department
hd3a - Create a new unit or department
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the establishment make any changes in its organizational structure in any of the following ways:
Create a new unit or department
104
146
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd3b - Dissolve any units or department
hd3b - Dissolve any units or department
hd3b - Dissolve any units or department
hd3b - Dissolve any units or department
hd3b - Dissolve any units or department
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the establishment make any changes in its organizational structure in any of the following ways:
Dissolve any units or department
104
146
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd3c - Merge any units or department
hd3c - Merge any units or department
hd3c - Merge any units or department
hd3c - Merge any units or department
hd3c - Merge any units or department
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the establishment make any changes in its organizational structure in any of the following ways:
Merge any units or department
104
146
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd7 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment contract other fir
hd7 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment contract other fir
hd7 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment contract other fir
hd7 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment contract other fir
hd7 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment contract other fir
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment contract other firms to perform any activities previously done in-house (outsourcing)?
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd8 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment start doing in-hou
hd8 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment start doing in-hou
hd8 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment start doing in-hou
hd8 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment start doing in-hou
hd8 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment start doing in-hou
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment start doing in-house any activities previously contracted to other firms (insourcing)?
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
hd4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
hd4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
hd4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
hd4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce any change in the method of hiring employees, excluding managerial and supervisory staff?
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
hd5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
hd5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
hd5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
hd5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce any change in the method of hiring managerial and supervisory staff?
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd6a - Suppliers or customers
hd6a - Suppliers or customers
hd6a - Suppliers or customers
hd6a - Suppliers or customers
hd6a - Suppliers or customers
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from
Suppliers or customers
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd6b - Trade associations or workshops
hd6b - Trade associations or workshops
hd6b - Trade associations or workshops
hd6b - Trade associations or workshops
hd6b - Trade associations or workshops
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from
Trade associations or workshops
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd6c - New employees
hd6c - New employees
hd6c - New employees
hd6c - New employees
hd6c - New employees
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from
New employees
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd6d - Competitors
hd6d - Competitors
hd6d - Competitors
hd6d - Competitors
hd6d - Competitors
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from
Competitors
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd6e - Consultants
hd6e - Consultants
hd6e - Consultants
hd6e - Consultants
hd6e - Consultants
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from
Consultants
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd9a - In fiscal year 2013 what best describes what happened at this establishme
hd9a - In fiscal year 2013 what best describes what happened at this establishme
hd9a - In fiscal year 2013 what best describes what happened at this establishme
hd9a - In fiscal year 2013 what best describes what happened at this establishme
hd9a - In fiscal year 2013 what best describes what happened at this establishme
The next questions are about changes in management practices
In financial year [insert FY] what best describes what happened at this establishment when a problem arose in the production process, such as a quality defect or machinery or equipment break-downs?
104
146
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
There were no production process problems
2
No action was taken
3
Problem was fixed but no further actions were taken
4
Problem was fixed and actions were taken in order to ensure
Sysmiss
hd9b - In fiscal year 2011 what best describes what happened at this establishme
hd9b - In fiscal year 2011 what best describes what happened at this establishme
hd9b - In fiscal year 2011 what best describes what happened at this establishme
hd9b - In fiscal year 2011 what best describes what happened at this establishme
hd9b - In fiscal year 2011 what best describes what happened at this establishme
In financial year [insert FY] what best describes what happened at this establishment when a problem arose in the production process, such as a quality defect or machinery or equipment break-downs?
104
146
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
There were no production process problems
2
No action was taken
3
Problem was fixed but no further actions were taken
4
Problem was fixed and actions were taken in order to ensure
Sysmiss
hd10a - In fiscal year 2013, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
hd10a - In fiscal year 2013, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
hd10a - In fiscal year 2013, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
hd10a - In fiscal year 2013, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
hd10a - In fiscal year 2013, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
In financial year [insert FY], were key performance indicators monitored at this establishment? Examples of performance indicators are metrics on production, cost, waste, quality, inventory, energy, absenteeism and on-time delivery.
104
146
-9
Don't know
-7
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd10c - In fiscal year 2013, how frequently were the key performance indicators
hd10c - In fiscal year 2013, how frequently were the key performance indicators
hd10c - In fiscal year 2013, how frequently were the key performance indicators
hd10c - In fiscal year 2013, how frequently were the key performance indicators
hd10c - In fiscal year 2013, how frequently were the key performance indicators
In financial year [insert FY], how frequently were the key performance indicators reviewed by managers at this establishment?
82
168
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yearly
2
Semiannually or Quarterly
3
Monthly
4
Weekly or more frequently
5
Never
Sysmiss
hd11a - In fiscal year 2011, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
hd11a - In fiscal year 2011, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
hd11a - In fiscal year 2011, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
hd11a - In fiscal year 2011, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
hd11a - In fiscal year 2011, were key performance indicators monitored at this e
In financial year [insert FY], were key performance indicators monitored at this establishment?
104
146
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hd11c - In fiscal year 2011, how frequently were the key performance indicators
hd11c - In fiscal year 2011, how frequently were the key performance indicators
hd11c - In fiscal year 2011, how frequently were the key performance indicators
hd11c - In fiscal year 2011, how frequently were the key performance indicators
hd11c - In fiscal year 2011, how frequently were the key performance indicators
In financial year [insert FY], how frequently were the key performance indicators reviewed by managers at this establishment?
82
168
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yearly
2
Semiannually or Quarterly
3
Monthly
4
Weekly or more frequently
5
Never
Sysmiss
hd12a - In fiscal year 2013, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
hd12a - In fiscal year 2013, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
hd12a - In fiscal year 2013, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
hd12a - In fiscal year 2013, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
hd12a - In fiscal year 2013, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
In financial year [insert FY], what best describes the time frame of production/sales targets at this establishment? (Production targets may include desired amounts of production, quality, efficiency, waste reduction, and on-time delivery).
104
146
-9
Don't know
1
Main focus was on short-term (a year or less than a year)
2
Main focus was on long-term (more than a year)
3
Combination of short-term and long-term
4
No production targets
Sysmiss
hd13a - In fiscal year 2011, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
hd13a - In fiscal year 2011, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
hd13a - In fiscal year 2011, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
hd13a - In fiscal year 2011, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
hd13a - In fiscal year 2011, what best describes the time frame of production/sa
In financial year [insert FY], what best describes the time frame of production/sales targets at this establishment?
145
105
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Main focus was on short-term (a year or less than a year)
2
Main focus was on long-term (more than a year)
3
Combination of short-term and long-term
4
No production targets
Sysmiss
he1a - Packaging, branding, logo, name, trademark or product appearance
he1a - Packaging, branding, logo, name, trademark or product appearance
he1a - Packaging, branding, logo, name, trademark or product appearance
he1a - Packaging, branding, logo, name, trademark or product appearance
he1a - Packaging, branding, logo, name, trademark or product appearance
I would now like to ask some questions related to any innovative marketing methods.
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce or significantly change any of the following?
250
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
he1b - Advertising methods, promitions, sales chanels or sales points
he1b - Advertising methods, promitions, sales chanels or sales points
he1b - Advertising methods, promitions, sales chanels or sales points
he1b - Advertising methods, promitions, sales chanels or sales points
he1b - Advertising methods, promitions, sales chanels or sales points
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce or significantly change advertising methods, promotions, sales channels or sales points?
250
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
he1c - Pricing strategies, discount scheme, payment scheme, or customer loyalty
he1c - Pricing strategies, discount scheme, payment scheme, or customer loyalty
he1c - Pricing strategies, discount scheme, payment scheme, or customer loyalty
he1c - Pricing strategies, discount scheme, payment scheme, or customer loyalty
he1c - Pricing strategies, discount scheme, payment scheme, or customer loyalty
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY], did this establishment introduce or significantly change pricing strategy, discount scheme, payment scheme, or customer loyalty programs.
250
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
hf1a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct internal R
hf1a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct internal R
hf1a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct internal R
hf1a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct internal R
hf1a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct internal R
Now, I would like to ask you a few questions about activities associated with the development of innovation.
From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment conduct internal R&D? (Internal R&D is defined as creative work undertaken to increase knowledge for developing innovative products and processes.)
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf1b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf1b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf1b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf1b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf1b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] on internal R&D?
73
177
-9
15000000
hf2a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct external R
hf2a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct external R
hf2a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct external R
hf2a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct external R
hf2a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct external R
From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment conduct external R&D? (External R&D is defined as creative work, undertaken by other enterprises, public or private research organizations, which was paid for by this establishment.)
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf2b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf2b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf2b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf2b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf2b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
How much did this establishment spend in total from [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] on external R&D?
57
193
-9
25000000
hf3a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment provide formal tra
hf3a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment provide formal tra
hf3a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment provide formal tra
hf3a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment provide formal tra
hf3a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment provide formal tra
From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment provide formal training to any of its employees specifically for the development and/or introduction of innovative products or services and processes?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf3b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf3b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf3b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf3b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf3b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
How much did this establishment spend in total from [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] on that formal training?
87
163
-9
100000000
hf4a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase new equip
hf4a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase new equip
hf4a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase new equip
hf4a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase new equip
hf4a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase new equip
From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment purchase new equipment, machinery, or software to develop or produce any innovative products or services and processes?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf4b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf4b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf4b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf4b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
hf4b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru
How much did this establishment spend in total from [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] on the purchase of that new equipment, machinery, or software?
61
189
-9
470000000
hf5a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase or licens
hf5a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase or licens
hf5a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase or licens
hf5a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase or licens
hf5a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase or licens
From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment purchase or license any patented or non-patented inventions, or other types of knowledge for the development of innovative products or services and processes?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf8 - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment receive any non
hf8 - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment receive any non
hf8 - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment receive any non
hf8 - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment receive any non
hf8 - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment receive any non
Between fiscal years [insert FY] and [insert FY-2], did this establishment receive any non-financial support from the government for innovation-related activities? (This includes training in the use of innovation equipment, assistance in research and product development, and assistance and training for marketing innovations)
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf8b - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment spend any mone
hf8b - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment spend any mone
hf8b - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment spend any mone
hf8b - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment spend any mone
hf8b - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment spend any mone
Between financial years [insert FY] and [insert FY-2], did this establishment spend any money on innovation activities?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf7a - Own funds
hf7a - Own funds
hf7a - Own funds
hf7a - Own funds
hf7a - Own funds
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:
Own funds
123
127
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hf7b - Private or state-owned banks
hf7b - Private or state-owned banks
hf7b - Private or state-owned banks
hf7b - Private or state-owned banks
hf7b - Private or state-owned banks
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:
Private or state-owned banks
123
127
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hf7c - Government agencies or departments
hf7c - Government agencies or departments
hf7c - Government agencies or departments
hf7c - Government agencies or departments
hf7c - Government agencies or departments
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:
Government agencies or departments
123
127
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hf7d - NGOs or international organizations
hf7d - NGOs or international organizations
hf7d - NGOs or international organizations
hf7d - NGOs or international organizations
hf7d - NGOs or international organizations
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:
NGOs or international organizations
123
127
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hf7e - Other, moneylenders, friends, relatives, etc.
hf7e - Other, moneylenders, friends, relatives, etc.
hf7e - Other, moneylenders, friends, relatives, etc.
hf7e - Other, moneylenders, friends, relatives, etc.
hf7e - Other, moneylenders, friends, relatives, etc.
From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:
Other, moneylenders, friends, relatives, etc.
123
127
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
hf6 - Thinking about innovation, which of the following is the most important so
hf6 - Thinking about innovation, which of the following is the most important so
hf6 - Thinking about innovation, which of the following is the most important so
hf6 - Thinking about innovation, which of the following is the most important so
hf6 - Thinking about innovation, which of the following is the most important so
Thinking about innovation, which of the following is the most important source of information or ideas for any innovation activity for this establishment?
250
-9
Don't know
1
In-house R&D and personnel
2
Recent hires from other firms
3
Knowledge from parent or another firm
4
Suppliers
5
Consultancy firms
6
Business associations and conferences/exhibits
7
Professional journals and trade publications
8
Products or services available in the market
9
Government ministries or programs
10
Universities and research institutes
11
Internet
12
Customer feedback
hf10a - Did this establishment cooperate with ant of the following institutions
hf10a - Did this establishment cooperate with ant of the following institutions
hf10a - Did this establishment cooperate with ant of the following institutions
hf10a - Did this establishment cooperate with ant of the following institutions
hf10a - Did this establishment cooperate with ant of the following institutions
Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?
Any domestic firms
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf10b - Any foreign firms or a foreign-owned patent firm
hf10b - Any foreign firms or a foreign-owned patent firm
hf10b - Any foreign firms or a foreign-owned patent firm
hf10b - Any foreign firms or a foreign-owned patent firm
hf10b - Any foreign firms or a foreign-owned patent firm
Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?
Any foreign firms or a foreign-owned parent firm
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf10c - Domestic academic or research institutions
hf10c - Domestic academic or research institutions
hf10c - Domestic academic or research institutions
hf10c - Domestic academic or research institutions
hf10c - Domestic academic or research institutions
Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?
Domestic academic or research institutions
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf10d - Foreign academic or research institutions
hf10d - Foreign academic or research institutions
hf10d - Foreign academic or research institutions
hf10d - Foreign academic or research institutions
hf10d - Foreign academic or research institutions
Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?
Foreign academic or research institutions
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf10e - Provare consulting company or individuals
hf10e - Provare consulting company or individuals
hf10e - Provare consulting company or individuals
hf10e - Provare consulting company or individuals
hf10e - Provare consulting company or individuals
Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?
Private consulting company or individuals
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf10f - Government
hf10f - Government
hf10f - Government
hf10f - Government
hf10f - Government
Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?
Government
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf9a - Apply for a patent concerning a product or process innovation
hf9a - Apply for a patent concerning a product or process innovation
hf9a - Apply for a patent concerning a product or process innovation
hf9a - Apply for a patent concerning a product or process innovation
hf9a - Apply for a patent concerning a product or process innovation
From fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment:
Apply for a patent concerning a product or process innovation
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf9c - Apply for a utility model
hf9c - Apply for a utility model
hf9c - Apply for a utility model
hf9c - Apply for a utility model
hf9c - Apply for a utility model
From fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment:
Apply for a utility model
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf9d - Register an industrial design
hf9d - Register an industrial design
hf9d - Register an industrial design
hf9d - Register an industrial design
hf9d - Register an industrial design
From fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment:
Register an industrial design
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf9e - Apply for a trademark
hf9e - Apply for a trademark
hf9e - Apply for a trademark
hf9e - Apply for a trademark
hf9e - Apply for a trademark
From fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment:
Apply for a trademark
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf9f - Apply for a copyright
hf9f - Apply for a copyright
hf9f - Apply for a copyright
hf9f - Apply for a copyright
hf9f - Apply for a copyright
From fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment:
Apply for a copyright
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
hf9x - With what agency or authority did this establishment apply for or registe
hf9x - With what agency or authority did this establishment apply for or registe
hf9x - With what agency or authority did this establishment apply for or registe
hf9x - With what agency or authority did this establishment apply for or registe
hf9x - With what agency or authority did this establishment apply for or registe
With which agencies or authoritiesdid this establishment apply for or register these items?
63
Chamber of Commerce Malawi
Government agencies
MRA
Malawi Investments promotion agents
Malawi chamber of comerce and industries
Malawi chamber of commerce
Malawi revenue authority
Minisry of land and works
Minister of trade
PHARMACY MEDICINES AND POISONS BOARD
Tiansi Group
copyright society of Malawi
dell and hp
garments association of malawi
gestener
government agencies
i dont know exactly
malawi bureau of standards
malawi registrar office
malawi revenue authority
minister of trade
ministery of labour
ministery of trade
ministry of justice and constitutional affairs
ministry of labour
ministry of trade
national construction industry of council of Malawi
national patents authority
non
none
registrer general office
ha1 - Percentage of employees regularly using computers
ha1 - Percentage of employees regularly using computers
ha1 - Percentage of employees regularly using computers
ha1 - Percentage of employees regularly using computers
ha1 - Percentage of employees regularly using computers
I would like to ask you some questions about the use of computers and the internet in this establishment
Currently, what percentage of this establishment's employees regularly uses computers in their jobs, including management?
250
-9
100
ha2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment purchase or develo
ha2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment purchase or develo
ha2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment purchase or develo
ha2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment purchase or develo
ha2 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment purchase or develo
From fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment purchase or develop in-house any software, which was customized to meet its needs?
213
37
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment have any employees
ha3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment have any employees
ha3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment have any employees
ha3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment have any employees
ha3 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment have any employees
From fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment have any employees entirely designated for IT?
213
37
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment use the services o
ha4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment use the services o
ha4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment use the services o
ha4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment use the services o
ha4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment use the services o
From fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment use the services of an external IT consultant?
213
37
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, what was the total cost of these external
ha5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, what was the total cost of these external
ha5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, what was the total cost of these external
ha5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, what was the total cost of these external
ha5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, what was the total cost of these external
From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], what was the total cost of these external computer consultant or software consultant?
75
175
-9
30000000
ha6 - Currently, does this establishment have an internet connection?
ha6 - Currently, does this establishment have an internet connection?
ha6 - Currently, does this establishment have an internet connection?
ha6 - Currently, does this establishment have an internet connection?
ha6 - Currently, does this establishment have an internet connection?
Currently, does this establishment have an internet connection?
250
-9
Don't know
1
Yes
2
No
ha7 - Year the establishment first obtain an internet connection
ha7 - Year the establishment first obtain an internet connection
ha7 - Year the establishment first obtain an internet connection
ha7 - Year the establishment first obtain an internet connection
ha7 - Year the establishment first obtain an internet connection
When did this establishment first obtain an internet connection?
204
46
-9
2014
ha8a - E-mail with clients and suppliers
ha8a - E-mail with clients and suppliers
ha8a - E-mail with clients and suppliers
ha8a - E-mail with clients and suppliers
ha8a - E-mail with clients and suppliers
Currently, does this establishment use the internet to conduct any of the following activities:
E-mail with clients and suppliers
205
45
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha8b - Internal communication amongst employees
ha8b - Internal communication amongst employees
ha8b - Internal communication amongst employees
ha8b - Internal communication amongst employees
ha8b - Internal communication amongst employees
Currently, does this establishment use the internet to conduct any of the following activities:
Internal communication amongst employees
205
45
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha8c - Online purchases of inputs or finished goods purchased to resell
ha8c - Online purchases of inputs or finished goods purchased to resell
ha8c - Online purchases of inputs or finished goods purchased to resell
ha8c - Online purchases of inputs or finished goods purchased to resell
ha8c - Online purchases of inputs or finished goods purchased to resell
Currently, does this establishment use the internet to conduct any of the following activities:
Online purchases of inputs or finished goods purchased to resell
205
45
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha8d - Online sales and order fulfillment
ha8d - Online sales and order fulfillment
ha8d - Online sales and order fulfillment
ha8d - Online sales and order fulfillment
ha8d - Online sales and order fulfillment
Currently, does this establishment use the internet to conduct any of the following activities:
Online sales and order fulfillment
205
45
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha8e - Manage the inventory
ha8e - Manage the inventory
ha8e - Manage the inventory
ha8e - Manage the inventory
ha8e - Manage the inventory
Currently, does this establishment use the internet to conduct any of the following activities:
Manage the inventory
205
45
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha8f - Marketing of products
ha8f - Marketing of products
ha8f - Marketing of products
ha8f - Marketing of products
ha8f - Marketing of products
Currently, does this establishment use the internet to conduct any of the following activities:
Marketing of products
205
45
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha8g - Do research and develop ideas on new products and services
ha8g - Do research and develop ideas on new products and services
ha8g - Do research and develop ideas on new products and services
ha8g - Do research and develop ideas on new products and services
ha8g - Do research and develop ideas on new products and services
Currently, does this establishment use the internet to conduct any of the following activities:
Do research and develop ideas on new products and services
205
45
-9
Don't know
-7
Doesn't apply
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
ha15d - Time face-to-face interview ends:Day
ha15d - Time face-to-face interview ends:Day
ha15d - Time face-to-face interview ends:Day
ha15d - Time face-to-face interview ends:Day
ha15d - Time face-to-face interview ends:Day
250
1
31
ha15m - Time face-to-face interview ends:Month
ha15m - Time face-to-face interview ends:Month
ha15m - Time face-to-face interview ends:Month
ha15m - Time face-to-face interview ends:Month
ha15m - Time face-to-face interview ends:Month
250
1
2
3
4
11
12
ha15y - Time face-to-face interview ends:Year
ha15y - Time face-to-face interview ends:Year
ha15y - Time face-to-face interview ends:Year
ha15y - Time face-to-face interview ends:Year
ha15y - Time face-to-face interview ends:Year
250
2014
2015
ha15h - Time face-to-face interview ends:Hour
ha15h - Time face-to-face interview ends:Hour
ha15h - Time face-to-face interview ends:Hour
ha15h - Time face-to-face interview ends:Hour
ha15h - Time face-to-face interview ends:Hour
250
2
3
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
ha15min - Time face-to-face interview ends:Minutes
ha15min - Time face-to-face interview ends:Minutes
ha15min - Time face-to-face interview ends:Minutes
ha15min - Time face-to-face interview ends:Minutes
ha15min - Time face-to-face interview ends:Minutes
250
59
Ha21x - main respondent's position in the firm
Ha21x - main respondent's position in the firm
Ha21x - main respondent's position in the firm
Ha21x - main respondent's position in the firm
Ha21x - main respondent's position in the firm
250
1
Assistant Manager
Assistant Managing Director
Bank manager
CEO
Chief accountant
Contructs Manager
Deport manager
Directin manager
Director
Financial Conroller
Financial Controller
General manager
Manaer
Manager
Managing Director
Managing director
Marketing Manager
Operations Manager
Supervisor
The owner
Vice Manager
accountant
accountant and adminstrator
acting general manager
assistant manager
burch man
chief accountant
comecial manger
director
finance personal
financial controller
financial manager
general manager
general manger
group chairman
human resources manager
managarial
manage
management accountant
manager
manageress
managing
managing director
managing editor
mananger
marketing manager
operational manager
operations manager
production director
secretary
senior manager
supervisor
vice manager
vice mananger
workshop manager
Ha21a - main respondent's years with the firm
Ha21a - main respondent's years with the firm
Ha21a - main respondent's years with the firm
Ha21a - main respondent's years with the firm
Ha21a - main respondent's years with the firm
250
1
49
Ha21c - main respondent's gender
Ha21c - main respondent's gender
Ha21c - main respondent's gender
Ha21c - main respondent's gender
Ha21c - main respondent's gender
250
1
Male
2
Female
Ha22x - second respondent's position in the firm
Ha22x - second respondent's position in the firm
Ha22x - second respondent's position in the firm
Ha22x - second respondent's position in the firm
Ha22x - second respondent's position in the firm
5
Financial Controller
Manager
Managing Director
accountant and auditor
salesman
Ha22a - second respondent's years with the firm
Ha22a - second respondent's years with the firm
Ha22a - second respondent's years with the firm
Ha22a - second respondent's years with the firm
Ha22a - second respondent's years with the firm
5
245
1
4
5
6
8
Sysmiss
Ha22c - second respondent's gender
Ha22c - second respondent's gender
Ha22c - second respondent's gender
Ha22c - second respondent's gender
Ha22c - second respondent's gender
5
245
1
Male
2
Female
Sysmiss
Ha23x - Third respondent's position in the firm
Ha23x - Third respondent's position in the firm
Ha23x - Third respondent's position in the firm
Ha23x - Third respondent's position in the firm
Ha23x - Third respondent's position in the firm
1
Managing director
Ha23a - Third respondent's years with the firm
Ha23a - Third respondent's years with the firm
Ha23a - Third respondent's years with the firm
Ha23a - Third respondent's years with the firm
Ha23a - Third respondent's years with the firm
1
249
7
Sysmiss
Ha23c - Third respondent's gender
Ha23c - Third respondent's gender
Ha23c - Third respondent's gender
Ha23c - Third respondent's gender
Ha23c - Third respondent's gender
1
249
1
Male
2
Female
Sysmiss