DDI_TZA_2010_DHS_v01_M_v02_A_IPUMS Minnesota Population Center September 25, 2019 NADA DDI Document version - Version 02 (March 2020) This version is identical to IPUMS Version 7 except for the following fields that were edited by World Bank: DDI ID and Study ID - adaptation version number changed to v02 as this is the subsequent DHS-IPUMS adaptation in World Bank catalog. Version 7 . Documentation of Demographic Household Survey data and harmonized variables as found in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS has distribution rights to the metadata and data. The XML documents generated by this process are viewed as a distribution of the metadata. Fields edited for the World Bank are: DDI ID and study ID to match World Bank study naming convention, as well as DDI Document Version and Version Description to reflect changed included in version 7. Variable ID's and names were changed to add the prefix W_, C_, B_, M_, or H_ to indicate file source as Woman, Child, Birth, Man, or Household Member respectively. This was done to create unique variable IDs and names within the file. These prefixes are not found in the IPUMS-DHS system. Original extract version date 2019-9-25. DDI metadata revised to add DOI number to stdyDscr/notes and correct assignment of variables to record types. All non-ANSI_Latin characters have been replaced.'' Demographic and Health Survey 2010 - IPUMS Subset DHS 2010 (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) TZA_2010_DHS_v01_M_v02_A_IPUMS National Bureau of Statistics [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. Minnesota Population Center (c) Copyright , National Bureau of Statistics [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. and Minnesota Population Center NADA National Bureau of Statistics [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs] Version 7. The datasets contain selected variables from the original microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-DHS database. Access to care Variables -- TOPICS Agricultural possessions Variables -- TOPICS Agricultural Variables -- TOPICS Antenatal iron supplements Variables -- TOPICS Antimalaria protection Variables -- TOPICS Beliefs about FC Variables -- TOPICS Birth records Variables -- TOPICS Breastfeeding and infant feeding Variables -- TOPICS Child antenatal care, CS Variables -- TOPICS Child antenatal care, general Variables -- TOPICS Child anthropometry Variables -- TOPICS Child biometrics, general Variables -- TOPICS Child birth records Variables -- TOPICS Child blood testing Variables -- TOPICS Child delivery care, CS Variables -- TOPICS Child delivery care, general Variables -- TOPICS Child demography core Variables -- TOPICS Child feeding, general Variables -- TOPICS Child health postpartum Variables -- TOPICS Child pregnancy complications Variables -- TOPICS Childrearing attitudes Variables -- TOPICS Child respiratory illness or fever Variables -- TOPICS Child respiratory illness, treatment Variables -- TOPICS Child's breastfeeding Variables -- TOPICS Child vaccination, general Variables -- TOPICS Condom knowledge and attitudes Variables -- TOPICS Condom use Variables -- TOPICS Core demographic Variables -- TOPICS Country-specific sources, female condom Variables -- TOPICS Country-specific sources, male condom Variables -- TOPICS Daughter's circumcision Variables -- TOPICS Decision-making Variables -- TOPICS Diarrhea, general Variables -- TOPICS Diarrhea, treatment Variables -- TOPICS Domestic violence attitudes Variables -- TOPICS Domestic violence from partner/husband Variables -- TOPICS DPT-HB-Hib vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Education Variables -- TOPICS Environmental Variables -- TOPICS Female anthropometry Variables -- TOPICS Female biometrics, general Variables -- TOPICS Female blood testing Variables -- TOPICS Female circumcision general Variables -- TOPICS Fertility Variables -- TOPICS First or ever sexual experience Variables -- TOPICS Fistula, general Variables -- TOPICS Fistula treatment Variables -- TOPICS Food insufficiency Variables -- TOPICS Foods fed child in past 24 hours Variables -- TOPICS Foods given to newborns Variables -- TOPICS Future use of family planning Variables -- TOPICS General family planning Variables -- TOPICS General healthcare Variables -- TOPICS General HIV/AIDS knowledge Variables -- TOPICS General malaria Variables -- TOPICS General maternal and infant health Variables -- TOPICS General sources Variables -- TOPICS General technical Variables -- TOPICS Geography, general Variables -- TOPICS Healthcare Variables -- TOPICS Help sought for abuse Variables -- TOPICS HIV/AIDS opinions and attitudes Variables -- TOPICS HIV/AIDS testing, CS Variables -- TOPICS HIV/AIDS testing, general Variables -- TOPICS HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention Variables -- TOPICS Household demographic Variables -- TOPICS Housing Variables -- TOPICS Identifiers Variables -- TOPICS Information on family planning Variables -- TOPICS Insurance, general Variables -- TOPICS Integrated geography Variables -- TOPICS IPUMS International geography Variables -- TOPICS Knowledge of family planning Variables -- TOPICS Known source for non-users, CS Variables -- TOPICS Known source for non-users, general Variables -- TOPICS Male circumcision, general Variables -- TOPICS Marriage and cohabitation Variables -- TOPICS Maternal antenatal care, CS Variables -- TOPICS Maternal antenatal care, general Variables -- TOPICS Maternal delivery care, CS Variables -- TOPICS Maternal delivery care, general Variables -- TOPICS Maternal pregnancy complications Variables -- TOPICS Measles vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Media exposure Variables -- TOPICS Misc childhood illnesses Variables -- TOPICS Mosquito nets Variables -- TOPICS Nutrition Variables -- TOPICS ORS treatment Variables -- TOPICS Other vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Own circumcision Variables -- TOPICS Physical abuse from others Variables -- TOPICS Physical abuse while pregnant Variables -- TOPICS Place for diarrhea treatment, CS Variables -- TOPICS Place for diarrhea treatment, general Variables -- TOPICS Polio vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Possessions Variables -- TOPICS Postpartum care Variables -- TOPICS Recent sexual experience Variables -- TOPICS Recent sexual partners Variables -- TOPICS Recent use of family planning Variables -- TOPICS SES general Variables -- TOPICS Sexual abuse from others Variables -- TOPICS Sexual attitudes Variables -- TOPICS Single sample geography Variables -- TOPICS Social Variables -- TOPICS Source for child antenatal care, CS Variables -- TOPICS Source for child antenatal care, general Variables -- TOPICS Source for maternal antenatal care, CS Variables -- TOPICS Source for maternal antenatal care, general Variables -- TOPICS Source for respiratory treatment, CS Variables -- TOPICS Source for respiratory treatment, general Variables -- TOPICS Source for STI advice, CS Variables -- TOPICS Source for STI advice, general Variables -- TOPICS Sterilization Variables -- TOPICS STI experience Variables -- TOPICS STI knowledge Variables -- TOPICS Survey dates Variables -- TOPICS Tobacco Variables -- TOPICS Toilet and water Variables -- TOPICS Type of family planning method Variables -- TOPICS Vitamin A vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Wealth index Variables -- TOPICS Weights and subsample selection Variables -- TOPICS Why not use family planning Variables -- TOPICS Work Variables -- TOPICS Tanzania Woman, Birth, Child, Man, Member Women age 15-49, Births, Children age 0-4, Men age 15-49, All persons Demographic and Household Survey [hh/dhs] MICRODATA SOURCE: National Bureau of Statistics [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. SAMPLE UNIT: Woman SAMPLE SIZE: 10139 SAMPLE UNIT: Birth SAMPLE SIZE: 29777 SAMPLE UNIT: Child SAMPLE SIZE: 8023 SAMPLE UNIT: Man SAMPLE SIZE: 2527 SAMPLE UNIT: Member SAMPLE SIZE: 50414 Face-to-face [f2f] None National Bureau of Statistics [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. Publications and research reports based on the IPUMS-DHS database must cite it appropriately. The citation should include the following: Elizabeth Heger Boyle, Miriam King and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS-Demographic and Health Surveys: Version 7 [dataset]. Minnesota Population Center and ICF, 2019. https://doi.org/10.18128/D080.V7 Researchers should also acknowledge the originally produced the data: National Bureau of Statistics [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010 [Dataset]. Data Extract from TZIR6A.SAV, TZHR6A.SAV, TZKR6A.SAV, TZBR6A.SAV, TZMR61.SAV, and TZPR6A.SAV. IPUMS Demographic and Health Surveys (IPUMS DHS), version 7, IPUMS and ICF [Distributors]. Accessed from http://idhsdata.org on DATE. The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS-DHS data requires that users supply us with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Please add your citation to the IPUMS bibliography at http://bibliography.ipums.org/. Users of IPUMS-DHS data must agree to abide by the access restrictions and terms of use set forth by the DHS Program: https://dhsprogram.com/data/Access-Instructions.cfm The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. TZA2010-B.dat Birth records 29777 TZA2010-C.dat Child records 8023 TZA2010-H.dat Household member records 50414 TZA2010-M.dat Man records 2527 TZA2010-W.dat Woman records 10139 IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier IDHSPID is an identifying number unique to person in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE and CASEID. IDHSPID is a 22-character string variable. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier CASEID is the unique identifier for each woman in a given sample year. Using CASEID and CLUSTERNO, analysts can link IPUMS-DHS data to the original DHS datasets to attach variables that are not currently available in IPUMS-DHS. For example, researchers can use CASEID and CLUSTERNO to link variables from the IPUMS-DHS with other variables from the Woman's Recode file to merge country-specific variables, or to the Household or Couples Recode file to attach variables that are not yet part of IPUMS-DHS. In most samples, users can identify women who are in the same household by using the first 12 characters of CASEID (and CLUSTERNO (V001)), as this indicates a unique household identifier. CASEID is generally created by The DHS Program using the variables CLUSTERNO (V001), HHNUM (V002), and LINENO (V003), with the last three characters indicating the respondent's line number in the household file. For instructions on how to create links between IPUMS-DHS data and DHS source data, see the User Note on "Merging IDHS and DHS Data." [URL omitted from DDI.] CASEID is a 18-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSU (V021) is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable DOMAIN (V023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe this variable as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSU (V021) is a 6-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata STRATA (V022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. STRATA is not the same as DOMAIN (V023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATA along with the variable PSU (V021) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATA (V022) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain DOMAIN (V023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAIN as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When national estimates are desired, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAIN (V023) and PSU (V021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., PERWEIGHT (V005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for DHS' sample design. In most countries, DOMAIN defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). DOMAIN is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUM (V002) is the number identifying the household in which the respondent was interviewed, within each sample. To identify unique households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUM with CLUSTERNO (V001). For most samples, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO can be used to merge IPUMS-DHS data from the women's file to DHS Household Recode files, to incorporate household variables not yet available in the IPUMS-DHS. However, in some household files, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO do not uniquely identify households in the DHS Household Recode file. For information about the IPUMS-DHS samples where HHNUM and CLUSTERNO are not sufficient to uniquely identify households, and for guidance on what further steps to take for linking files in such cases, please consult the User Note on Linking. [URL omitted from DDI.] HHNUM is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNO (V001) reports the cluster number for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNO is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable STRATA to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNO (V001) and HHNUM (V002) can be used to merge the women's individual recode file to the household recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNO is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit ULTAREAUNIT (V004) reports the ultimate area unit for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS recode manuals, ULTAREAUNIT is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units in the collection of data. It is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNO (V001)], but may be a sequentially numbered variable for samples with a more complicated structure. ULTAREAUNIT can be used to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNIT (V004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 LINENO (V003) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the woman's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 00 Husband not in the household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LINENOHUS (V034) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the name of the women's husband/partner, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons PERWEIGHT (V005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population. While the DHS Recode Manuals direct the researcher to divide the original weight variable by 1,000,000 before applying the weighting factor to the original DHS data files, it is not necessary to modify the value of PERWEIGHT before applying this weight to cases in IPUMS-DHS. PERWEIGHT should be used to weight nearly all tabulations made using IPUMS-DHS data. Occasionally, as with the domestic violence variables, a subset of respondents are randomly selected to answer questions from a survey module, and a specialized weight such as DVWEIGHT should be used instead. Note: The 6 implied decimal places in PERWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of PERWEIGHT. IPUMS All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population AWFACTT is a 5-digit variable (in IPUMS-DHS) with 2 implied decimal places that is used to create total population estimates for all women of childbearing age, for those samples interviewing only ever-married women. A post from DHS senior staff member Tom Pullum on the DHS Users Forum explains, The all-woman factors are needed when you are trying to estimate something for all women, but you have to work with ever-married women because that's all you have in the sample. An example is when you want to estimate a fertility rate for all women but you only have the births and exposure for ever-married women. You have to assume that (a) never-married women have no births and (b) awfact/100 is a multiplier to inflate exposure for ever-married women to exposure for all women. For surveys that used a sampling frame of all women of childbearing age, AWFACTT has a value of 100 (or 1.00, with two decimal places), and thus has no effect on the survey statistics when used as a multiplier. For samples that included only ever-married women, AWFACTT serves as a multiplier to create total population figures for all women of childbearing age, following the assumptions noted above. The width of AWFACTT ranges from a low of 3 to a high of 5 in the original DHS files; see Comparability for further discussion. AWFACTT is a 5-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of AWFACTT. IPUMS Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) HOUSEHOLD SELECTED FOR MEN'S SURVEY AND SALT TESTING YES=1 NO=2 Not selected 1 Selected for men's survey 2 Selected for husband's survey MENSELHH (HV027) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for the men's or husband's survey. Samples including neither a men's survey nor a husband's survey are excluded from this variable in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Woman not selected 1 Woman selected and interviewed 2 Woman selected, but privacy not possible 3 Woman selected, but not interviewed 9 NIU (not in universe) DVMODULE (V044) identifies female respondents who were selected to receive questions from the domestic violence module and, for those selected, indicates whether they were interviewed. For samples including the module, one woman of childbearing age per household was randomly selected for the interview, using a table included in the questionnaire. Some women who were selected for the domestic violence interview refused to participate; others were excluded because the woman could not be interviewed privately. IPUMS Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module DVWEIGHT (D005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor for the subset of women who were randomly selected and interviewed in privacy for the domestic violence module (as indicated by DVMODULE) (V044). For further information about using weights with the DHS data, see PERWEIGHT (V005). Note: The 6 implied decimal places in DVWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. DVWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. IPUMS Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements 1 Selected Not selected HEMOSELECT (V042) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for hemoglobin measurements of the household members. Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Low hemoglobin levels indicate the presence of anemia (which may be caused by inadequate nutrition or chronic disease). IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview INTYEAR (V007) reports the year the interview took place. The dates reported in INTYEAR are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December MONTHINT (V006) reports the month when the interview took place. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 INTDAY (V016) reports the day of the month on which the interview took place. INTDAY uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview INTDATECMC (V008) reports century month code for the date on which the interview took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC minus ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTDATECMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. INTDATECMC (V008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTSTART (V801) reports the time of the start of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview began at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTEND (V802) reports the time of the end of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview ended at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) 00 0 minutes 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 2+ visits 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTDURATION (V803) reports the duration of the female interview (in minutes). The duration is top-coded at 95 minutes. Interviews that required more than one visit (INTVISITNO (V804) are coded as "96" for "2+ visits." INTDURATION is calculated based on the interview's start and end times in INTSTART (V801) and INTEND (V802). IPUMS Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTVISITNO (V804) reports the number of visits required to complete the female interview. IPUMS Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview 7 Other 6 Respondent Incapacitated 5 Partly completed 4 Refused 3 Postponed 2 Not at home 1 Completed INTRESULT (V015) reports the result of the individual interview. Code 1 represents a completed interview. Only completed interview cases are included in the DHS women's individual recode files, which provide the source material for IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample 1 All women sample 2 Ever-married women sample EVMARALLSAMP (V020) indicates whether the sample includes only ever-married women or includes all women of childbearing age. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey INTERVIEWERIDIR (V028) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the individual women's interviews for women of childbearing age. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey INTERVIEWER VISITS FIRST VISIT (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD VISITS) DATE INTERVIEWER NAME RESULT* INTERVIEWERIDHH (HV018) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the household survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status 2 Rural 1 Urban URBAN (V025) indicates whether the person's de facto residence was in an urban or rural location. The definition of urban varies across countries. See Comparability. IPUMS De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence 10 City 11 Capital or other large city 12 Other city 20 Town or countryside 21 Town 22 Countryside DEFACTORES (V026) reports the type of place--city, town, or countryside--where the person was interviewed. IPUMS Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) DISTRICT (SDIST) is the geographic district where the person's household is located. This variable is country- and sample-specific. A district with a given numeric code in one sample for a country does not cover the same geographic area in a second sample for that country, even if the districts have the same numeric code. DISTRICT is a 3-digit variable. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] 6 Lindi, Mtwara, and Ruvuma (South) 5 Iringa, Myeba, Nijombe, Katavi, and Rukwa (Southern Highlands) 4 Dodoma and Singida (Central) 3 Geita, Kagera, Kigoma, Mara, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Tabora (Lake) 2 Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara (Northern Highlands) 1 Dar Es Salaam, Morogoro, Pemba, Pwani, Tanga, Town West, and Zanzibar (Coastal) GEO_ TZ1991_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (zones) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1996, 1999, 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1996_2015, does not include the 1991 Tanzania sample and is harmonized for different geographic units (regions). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] 50 Pemba, Town West, and Zanzibar 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar Es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma GEO_ TZ1996_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1991_2015, includes the 1991 Tanzania sample and has less geographic detail (zones). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] 01 Dodoma 02 Arusha 03 Kilimanjaro 04 Tanga 05 Morogoro 06 Pwani 07 Dar Es Salaam 08 Lindi 09 Mtwara 10 Ruvuma 11 Iringa 12 Mbeya 13 Singida 14 Tabora 15 Rukwa 16 Kigoma 17 Shinyanga 18 Kagera 19 Mwanza 20 Mara 21 Manyara 51 Zanzibar North 52 Zanzibar South 53 Town West 54 Pemba North 55 Pemba South GEO_TZ2010 (V101_TZ2010) indicates the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 2010 Tanzania survey are equivalent to regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There are also integrated variables GEO_TZ1991_2015 and GEO_TZ1996_2015, that provide spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_TZ2010 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 55 Pemba South 54 Pemba North 53 Zanzibar town or west 52 Zanzibar South 51 Zanzibar North 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma DHS_IPUMSI_ TZ provides geographic codes for Tanzania that match those in the DHS and IPUMS-International [URL omitted from DDI.] databases. This variable can be used to link contextual area data from IPUMS-DHS to IPUMS-International or vice versa. The codes in DHS_IPUMSI_TZ indicate the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated or surveyed. GIS shapefiles for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Age Age Age Age Age 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 AGE (V012) reports the woman's age. DHS surveys collect information about the woman's age through questions about age at last birthday and date of birth. DHS Recode Manuals provide the following information about how the AGE variable is calculated: Current age in completed years is calculated from the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent (V011) and the century month code of the date of interview (V008). In a few cases the age in the data file will be different from that reported by the respondent when the respondent's birthday was in the month of interview, but she had not yet had her birthday. If the respondent correctly reported her age at her last birthday (and not her age at her next birthday) then the calculated age was rounded up from the reported age, to avoid inconsistencies between the age and the century month code for the birth. IPUMS Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups 10 10 to 14 11 10 to 14 12 12 to 14 13 13 to 14 20 15-19 30 20-24 40 25-29 50 30-34 60 35-39 70 40-44 80 45-49 90 50+ 91 50-54 92 55-59 93 60-64 AGE5YEAR (V013) reports the woman's age in 5-year groups, based on data from the AGE (V012) variable. The age range of women interviewed varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December BIRTHMO (V009) reports the woman's month of birth. IPUMS Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1971 1971 1970 1970 1969 1969 1968 1968 1967 1967 1966 1966 1965 1965 1964 1964 1963 1963 1962 1962 1961 1961 1960 1960 1959 1959 1958 1958 1957 1957 1956 1956 1955 1955 1954 1954 1953 1953 1952 1952 1951 1951 1950 1950 1949 1949 1948 1948 1947 1947 1946 1946 1945 1945 1944 1944 1943 1943 1942 1942 1941 1941 1940 1940 1939 1939 1938 1938 1937 1937 1936 1936 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 BIRTHYEAR (V010) reports the woman's year of birth. IPUMS Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months DOBCMC (V011) reports the century month code (CMC) for the woman's date of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. DOBCMC (V011) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth 1 Month and year 2 Month and age, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year only, age and month imputed 6 Age only, year and month imputed 7 Month only, age and year imputed 8 Season and year 9 None reported, all imputed DOBINFORESP (V014) reports the completeness of information about the respondent's age and date of birth. A code of 0 indicates the month and the year were reported, and no data were imputed. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor (5) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) usually live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing RESIDENT (V135) indicates whether the woman was a usual resident of the household or was just visiting there. As defined by the RESIDENT variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head (3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the relationship of (NAME) to the head of the household? 01 = HEAD 02 = WIFE OR HUSBAND 03 = SON OR DAUGHTER 04 = SON-IN-LAW OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 05 = GRANDCHILD 06 = PARENT 07 = PARENT-IN-LAW 08 = BROTHER OR SISTER 09 = CO-WIFE 10 = OTHER RELATIVE 11 = ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEPCHILD 12 = NOT RELATED 98 = DON'T KNOW 01 Head 02 Wife 03 Daughter or son 04 Daughter- or son-in-law 05 Grandchild 06 Mother or father 07 Parent-in-law 08 Sister or brother 09 Co-spouse 10 Adopted/foster/step child 11 Adopted/foster child 12 Stepchild 20 Other relative 21 Niece or nephew by blood 22 Niece or nephew by marriage 23 Niece or nephew unspecified 24 Sibling-in-law 25 Aunt or uncle 26 Grandparent 30 Nonrelative 31 Domestic servant/employee 32 Herdboy 97 Don't know 98 Missing RELATE (V150) reports the woman's relationship to the head of the household, based on a question in the household questionnaire. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant No/unsure 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGNANT (V213) indicates whether the respondent is currently pregnant. IPUMS Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For currently pregnant women, DURCURPREG (V214) reports the imputed duration of the woman's current pregnancy. IPUMS Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 98 Missing TRIPSAWAYR (V167) reports the number of times the respondent has been away from home or from her home community for one or more nights in the last 12 months. IPUMS Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRIPAWAY1MO (V168) indicates whether the respondent has been away from home or from her home community for more than one month at a time in the last 12 months. IPUMS Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status 10 Never married 20 Married or living together 21 Married 22 Living together 30 Formerly in union 31 Widowed 32 Divorced 33 Separated/not living together 98 Missing 11 Unconsummated marriage 34 Deserted MARSTAT (V501) reports the woman's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married 00 No 10 Formerly married 11 Formerly married with certificate 12 Formerly married by custom 20 Lived with a man 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently married or living with a man, EVERMARRIED (V535) reports the woman's relationship history as "No [never married/in union]," "Formerly married," or "Lived with a man." IPUMS Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Never married 1 Currently married 2 Formerly married 8 Missing CURRMARR (V502) reports the woman's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes women who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes women who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes women who are widowed, divorced, or separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. For samples restricted to ever-married women, only women who are formally married (not cohabiting) are included as "married." IPUMS Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union One 1 More than one 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, UNION1MORE (V503) indicates whether the respondent had been in one or more than one marriage/union. IPUMS Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Inconsistent 98 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEFRSTMAR (V511) reports the woman's age at the start of her first marriage or union. This usually refers to when the woman first started to live with her first husband or partner. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "Age at start of first marriage or union is calculated from the century month code of the date of start of first marriage or union and the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent." IPUMS Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 96 Inconsistent 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 HUSAGE (V730) reports the age of the woman's husband or co-resident partner. IPUMS Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) 00 Never married 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 20 to 24 06 25 to 29 07 30+ 96 Marriage not consummated 98 Missing DURMARGRP (V513) reports the number of years elapsed since the woman's first marriage or cohabiting union until the date of the survey interview, in five-year groups. The duration is reported irrespective of whether the respondent is still married or in a union with her first partner. IPUMS Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STMO (V507) reports the month of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The year of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STYR (V508). IPUMS Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Marriage not consummated 9997 Inconsistent 9998 Don't know 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STYR (V508) reports the year of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The month of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STMO (V507). IPUMS Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 98 Marriage not consummated 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, YRSTO1STMAR (V512) reports the number of years from the start of the woman's first marriage/union to the date of the survey interview. The calculation is made using century month codes for both dates. For the month and year of first marriage/union, see MAR1STMO (V507) and MAR1STYR (V508) respectively. IPUMS Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) 9996 Not consummated 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STCMC (V509) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union 01 Month and year reported 02 Month and age reported, year imputed 03 Year and age reported, month imputed 05 Year reported, age and month imputed 06 Age reported, year and month imputed 08 Month reported, age and year imputed 09 Year and age reported, year ignored 10 Season and year reported 11 All values imputed 99 NIU (not in universe) 12 All reported, inconsistent MAR1STDATINFO (V510) reports the completeness of information for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. See Comparability. IPUMS Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth 998 First birth prior to first marriage 999 NIU (not in universe) MARTO1STBORNMO (V221) reports the number of months between the woman's first marriage (i.e., formal marriage or first episode of living with a man) and her first birth. For women whose first birth occurred before their first marriage, this variable is coded as '998.' IPUMS Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives 00 No other wives 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Has other wives, dk number 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, WIFENUM (V505) reports the number of other wives (or co-resident partners) their husband/partner had. Question wording varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women married to or living with a man who had more than one wife/partner, WIFERANK (V506) reports the woman's rank among her husband's/partner's wives/partners. IPUMS Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Living with woman 1 Staying elsewhere 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, HUSBINHOME (V504) indicates whether the husband/partner lived with the woman or stayed elsewhere. IPUMS Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent. The number reported in CHEB is the sum of a series of variables covering the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home, living away from home, or who have died (V202 to V207). The number of births reported in CHEB will match the number of entries in the birth history (V224) for up to 20 births. If the woman reported more than 20 births, then the number for CHEB will exceed the number of births in the birth history, but such cases are rare. IPUMS Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) TOTBIRTHIST (V224) reports the number of entries in the woman respondent's birth history. For up to 20 births, the birth history contains information for each of the respondent's births. In those rare cases when the respondent had more than 20 births, the birth history lists the last 19 births and the first birth. In cases where the women had fewer than 20 births, the number reported in TOTBIRTHIST will match the number reported in CHEB (V201), the total number of children ever born to the respondent. IPUMS Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSDIED (V206) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSDIED (V207) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 8 7 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) reports the number of births the woman had in the five years prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the 0 to 59 months prior to the month of the interview. IPUMS Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 BIRTHSIN1YR (V209) reports the number of births the woman had in the year prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the months 0 to 12 (not 0 to 11) prior to the month of the interview. For example, if the survey were given in January, BIRTHSIN1YR would report the number of births the woman had between the time of the survey and the previous January. IPUMS Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview 1 1 2 2 3 3 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSIN1MO (V210) reports the total number of births the woman had in the month of interview. IPUMS Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) DOB1STKIDCMC (V211) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first birth. The Guide to DHS Statistics (2003) explains the use and calculation of CMC values as follows: Century month codes (CMC) are particularly important to check consistency of dates, to calculate intervals between events, and to impute dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. That year was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 will be: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed since January 1900 to June 2002. Based on CMC it is possible to calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) IPUMS Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period 100 Day of Interview 101 Days: 1 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 98 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Weeks 201 201 Weeks: 1 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 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305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 98 months 399 Months: Number missing 400 Years 401 Years: 1 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 446 46 years 447 47 years 448 48 years 449 49+ years 499 Years: number missing 992 Currently pregnant 993 In menopause/had hysterectomy 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215) reports the time passed since the woman's last menstrual period, in days, weeks, months, or years. IPUMS Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) MENSTRUATE6WK (V216) indicates whether the woman menstruated in the 6 weeks prior to the interview, as calculated from TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely 1 During her period 2 After period ended 3 Middle of the cycle 4 Before period begins 5 At any time 6 Other/It depends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) OVCYCLE (V217) suggests the woman's knowledge of the ovulatory cycle by reporting when she believes a woman has the greatest chance of becoming pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVE (V218) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent who are currently living. The number reported in CHEBALIVE (V218) is the sum of a series of variables reporting the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home and who are living away from home (V202 to V205 - SONSATHOME, DAUSATHOME, SONSAWAYHOME, and DAUSAWAYHOME). The related variable CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent, regardless of survival status. IPUMS Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 18 18 CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) reports the woman's total number of living children, including her current pregnancy. CHSURVPLUSPG takes the value of CHEBALIVE (V218) and adds 1 if the respondent is pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6+ 9 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVETRUNC (V220) reports the woman's total number of living children (including current pregnancy), truncated at 6 or more children. This variable is a grouping of CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) truncated at 6+ children. IPUMS Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have ever given birth, LASTBIRTHTOINTMO (V222) reports the number of months between their last birth and the date of interview. IPUMS Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy 1 Month- exact date 2 Date missing, imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) For pregnant women, CONCEPTDATEFLAG (V223) indicates the completeness of information relating to the date of conception of their current pregnancy. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "This variable indicates whether the date of conception was exactly specified by the duration of the current pregnancy or the duration was imputed from other information." The related variable DURCURPREG reports the duration of the current pregnancy. IPUMS Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period 00 No flag 01 Number GT interval since birth 02 Number plus amenorrhea GT interval 03 Number reported, but period not returned 04 Reported before last birth, but no birth 05 Reported before last birth, but period since 06 Reported never menstruated, but period returned 07 Reported time during pregnancy 08 Reported never menstruated but had kids 09 Reported period before last birth 99 NIU (not in universe) MENSTIMFLAG (V227) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing responses on the time since the respondent's last menstrual period. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For time since last menstrual period, see TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No PREGTERMIN (V228) indicates whether the woman ever had a pregnancy that was terminated due to miscarriage, abortion, or stillbirth, and did not result in a live birth. IPUMS Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have had a pregnancy terminated through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage, PREGTERMINMO (V229) indicates the calendar month when the last pregnancy termination occurred, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination 2018 2018 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 For women who have had a pregnancy terminated through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage, PREGTERMINYR (V230) reports the year when the last pregnancy termination occurred, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had a pregnancy end without a live birth (through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage) 5 years before the survey, PREGTERMTIM (V233) indicates how many months pregnant the woman was when the pregnancy ended. IPUMS Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No For women who had a pregnancy end without a live birth (through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage) in the 5 years before the survey, PREGTERMPREV (V234) indicates whether the woman had any other pregnancies that ended without a live birth. IPUMS Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar No prior child 1 1 (or yes, prior child) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8+ 9 NIU (not in universe) PRECALBIDX (V235) provides the birth index number (see BIDX for more information) of the last child born to the woman before the start of the survey's birth calendar. For the majority of samples, PRECALBIDX reports the birth index number of the last child born prior to 5 years before the survey. For a minority of samples, the reference period is 3 or 4 years before the survey. See Sample Description [URL omitted from DDI.] information on the universes for children included in the surveys to learn the specific reference period for each survey. IPUMS Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No BIRTHSOTHER (V237) indicates whether the woman had any other live births in the interval between the last reported birth and the date of the interview. The question for this variable verifies whether the woman omitted any births when reporting her birth record. Omitted births should be included in the final version of the birth history in the variable CHEB (V201). IPUMS Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238) indicates the total number of births the woman had in the 3 years (0 to 35 months) prior to the interview (where 0 is the month of interview). Responses are based on the woman's birth history table, which records the month and year of her children's births. IPUMS Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No PRECALTERM (V239) indicates whether the respondent had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar. IPUMS Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMMO (V240) indicates the calendar month of the termination. IPUMS Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMYR (V241) indicates the calendar year of the termination. IPUMS Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMCMC (V242) reports the century month date of the last pregnancy termination before the start of the birth calendar. For information on how to interpret and calculate century month dates, see DOBCMC. All samples in PRECALTERMCMC use the Gregorian calendar. For similar data for Ethiopian samples using the Ethiopian calendar, see PRECALTERMCMC_ET. IPUMS Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 1 Month and year 2 From calendar 3 Year only 4 Month only 7 None 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMCOMP (V243) reports the completeness of information about the month and year of that pregnancy termination. IPUMS Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period 000 No time difference 991 In menopause/had hysterectomy 992 Pregnant, not asked 993 In menopause 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSCALC (V226) reports the computed time since the respondent's last menstrual period. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, this variable is computed from the response for V215, with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth (V227 = 7,9) recoded to the response "Before last birth" (code 995) and inconsistent responses flagged on variable 227 (codes 1-6) recoded to 997. Restated in terms of IPUMS-DHS variables and variable labels, TIMEMENSCALC is computed from the response for TIMEMENSTRUATE (Time since woman's last menstrual period). Cases with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth, when MENSTIMFLAG (Flag for reported time since last menstrual period) has values for "Reported time during pregnancy" or "Reported period before last birth," are recoded as "Before last birth" in TIMEMENSCALC. Cases with inconsistent or implausible responses according to MENSTIMFLAG (for example, the woman reportedly never menstruated but she has given birth) are recoded to "Inconsistent" for TIMEMENSCALC. IPUMS Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 99 NIU (not in universe) 02 2 05 5 03 3 04 4 AGEAT1STBIRTH (V212) reports the age of the woman at the time of her first birth. This variable is calculated by using the century month code (CMC) of the date of the woman's first birth (DOB1STKIDCMC) and the CMC of the woman's date of birth (DOBCMC). IPUMS Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) PREGTERMCMC (V231) reports the century month code of the respondent's last pregnancy termination, according to the Gregorian calendar. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "The CMC date of termination is calculated from the preceding questions [on month and year of last pregnancy termination], or from the calendar, if possible, in cases where an exact date was not given for the date of last pregnancy termination." For detailed discussion of the calculation and interpretation of century month codes, see DOBCMC (Respondent's date of birth, in century months). IPUMS Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy 1 Month and year 2 From calendar 3 Year 4 Month 5 None 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGTERMFLAG (V232) is a flag variable that indicates the type of information available on the date of the respondent's last terminated pregnancy. Survey forms supplied room to collect the month and year of the last terminated pregnancy, and cases for which both month and year are available are coded 1. IPUMS Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMTOTAL (V136) reports the total number of members of the woman's household. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, HHMEMTOTAL is calculated by summing "the number of usual residents and the number of visitors who slept in the house the previous night that were listed in the household schedule." "Usual residents" of the household are identified by the RESIDENT variable. IPUMS Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 HHKIDLT5 (V137) reports the number of children age 5 and under who reside in the household. Visiting children are not included in the count. IPUMS Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 36 99 No women age 15-49 HHELIGWOMEN (V138) reports the number of eligible women in the household, usually defined as women of childbearing age who slept in the household the previous night (regardless of whether they were usual residents or visitors). The age and marital status guidelines for defining eligible women varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head 98 Missing 97 97+ 96 96 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 HHEADAGE (V152) reports the age of the head of the household. IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head 8 Missing 2 Female 1 Male HHEADSEX (V151) reports the sex of the head of the household. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) (4) SEX Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 110. How many rooms in your household are used for sleeping? (INCLUDING ROOMS OUTSIDE THE MAIN DWELLING) ROOMS _______ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling 108. WALL MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS 01 POLES AND MUD 02 SUN-DRIED BRICKS 03 BAKED BRICKS 04 WOOD, TIMBER 05 CEMENT BLOCKS 06 STONES 07 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 376 Metal, unspecified 375 Corrugated asbestos 374 Iron or zinc sheets 292 Unburnt brick with cement 127 Animal dung 126 Hay with mud 241 Trunks with mud 000 No walls 100 NATURAL 110 Cane/palm/trunks/grass/sticks 111 Cane/palm/trunks 112 Cane/trunks 113 Cane/trunks/bamboo/reeds 114 Palm branches 115 Sticks 116 Shells 120 Earth/mud/dirt/dung 121 Unbaked brick, mud, or earth 122 Earth 123 Mud 124 Mud, dung 125 Dirt 130 Thatch/mat/leaves/straw/reeds 131 Grass 132 Thatch or straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Bamboo with mud 211 Bamboo/wood with mud 212 Bamboo 220 Stone with mud 230 Rough wood 231 Plywood 232 Reused wood 233 Timber 234 Wood/metal planks 240 Poles and mud 250 Tin/cardboard/paper/bags 251 Cardboard 252 Carton 260 Uncovered adobe 270 Corrugated metal 280 Canvas/tent 300 FINISHED 310 Cement/concrete 311 Semi-dur (cement and sand blocks) 320 Bricks 321 Finished/burnt bricks 322 Burnt bricks with mud 323 Burnt bricks with cement 324 Sundried bricks 330 Cement blocks 340 Wood planks/shingles 341 Wood and grass 350 Stone 351 Stone with lime/cement 360 Covered adobe 370 Other finished 371 Metal or asbestos sheets 400 OTHER 998 Missing 996 Non-resident 290 Unburnt bricks 373 T-iron/wood/brick 372 Tin 377 Prefab 291 Unburnt brick and plaster 999 NIU (not in universe) WALL (HV214) reports the main material of the outside walls of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 107. MAIN MATERIAL OF THE FLOOR RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. EARTH, SAND, DUNG 11 WOOD PLANKS, BAMBOO, PALM 21 PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL OR ASPHALT STRIPS 32 CERAMIC TILES, TERRAZZO 33 CEMENT 34 CARPET 35 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 109. ROOFING MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS / THATCH / MUD 01 IRON SHEETS 02 TILES . 03 CONCRETE 04 ASBESTOS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident ELECTRC (V119) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH 106. What is the main source of energy for lighting in the household? ELECTRICITY 01 BOTTLED GAS 02 PARAFFIN / KEROSENE 03 CHARCOAL 04 FIREWOOD 05 CROP RESIDUALS, STRAW, GRASS 06 ANIMAL DUNG 07 NO FOOD COOKED IN HOUSEHOLD 95 OTHER (SPECIFY) _______________ 96 96 Non-resident 75 Generator 74 Battery/solar flashlight or lamp 10 Electricity 20 Kerosene lamp 21 Kerosene lamps with glass shades 22 Kerosene/oil lamps without glass shades 23 Paraffin/hurricane lamp 24 Paraffin/pressure lamp 25 Paraffin wick lamp 30 Gas 31 Natural gas or LPG (liquified petroleum) 40 Oil 50 Wood-based 51 Charcoal 52 Firewood 53 Firewood, straw 60 Candles 70 Other, specified 71 Biogas 72 Solar 73 Dung 80 Other, unspecified 98 Missing 76 No light 11 Government electric 12 Coop electric 13 Private electric 41 Oil lamp or candles LIGHTSOURCE reports the main source of lighting in the household. The information in LIGHTSOURCE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking 105. What type of fuel does your household mainly use for cooking? ELECTRICITY 01 SOLAR 02 GAS 03 PARAFFIN-HURRICANE LAMP 04 PARAFFIN-PRESSURE LAMP 05 PARAFFIN-WICK LAMP 06 FIREWOOD 07 CANDLES 08 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 995 No food cooked in house 100 Electricity 200 Petroleum-based 210 Gasoline 220 LPG, natural gas 221 LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) 222 Natural gas 230 Bottled gas (butane or propane) 240 Kerosene 300 Biogas 400 Coal-based 410 Coal, lignite 411 Coal, coke, lignite 500 Wood- or grass-based 510 Wood 520 Charcoal 530 Firewood, straw 540 Straw, shrub, grass 600 Dung 700 Agricultural crop-based 710 Crop residues 720 Maize or other crop waste 800 Other 996 Non-resident 998 Missing 801 Jelly 802 Solar 804 Improved smokeless cook stove 999 NIU (not in universe) 803 Cardboard/paper COOKFUEL (HV226) reports the type of fuel the woman's household used for cooking. Response categories vary across surveys; see Comparability. The information in COOKFUEL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used 127. What kind of oil was it? SIMSIM/SESAME 01 GROUNT NUT 02 SUNFLOWER 03 COCONUT 04 RED PALM 05 COTTONSEED 06 COW FAT 07 GHEE 08 OTHER FAT (SPECIFY) _______96 99 NIU (Not in universe) 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 53 Ghee 52 Butter or margarine 51 Lard or suet 50 Other 40 Shea butter 35 Cottonseed oil 34 Sunflower oil 33 Coconut oil 32 Sesame oil 31 Peanut/ground nut oil 30 Other vegetable oil 20 Frytol/fortified vegetable oil 12 Yellow palm oil 11 Red palm oil 10 Palm oil COOKOILTYPE reports the type of oil the household used for cooking, either typically or within a recent reference period, such as the last seven days. The response "shea butter" refers to a fat extracted from the nut of the African shea tree. "Frytol" is the commercial brand name of a vegetable oil product used for deep frying. The information in COOKOILTYPE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers 115. How far is it to the nearest market place? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) KILOMETRES _________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MARKETKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest market, in kilometers. The information in MARKETKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 102. What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEWER SYSTEM 11 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEPTIC TANK 12 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIT LATRINE 13 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO ELSEWHERE 14 PIT LATRINE VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT LATRINE (VIP) 21 PIT LATRINE WITH SLAB 22 PIT LATRINE WITHOUT SLAB/OPEN PIT 23 COMPOSTING TOILET/ECOSAN 31 BUCKET 41 NO FACILITY/BUSH/FIELD 51 (GO TO 104) OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________________ 96 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility 103. Do you share this toilet facility with other households? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 104) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOILETSHAREYN (HV225) indicates whether the household has a toilet facility that is shared with at least one other household. A "no" response (code "0") indicates the household has a toilet that is not shared; a "yes" response (code "1") indicates the household shares a toilet facility; "not in universe" (code "9") means the household has no toilet facility. The information in TOILETSHAREYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded 103A. How many households share this toilet facility? NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS IF LESS THAN 10 _________ 10 OR MORE HOUSEHOLDS 95 DON'T KNOW 98 96 Non-resident 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For residents of households with shared toilet facilities, TOILSHARNUMT (HV238) reports the number of other households sharing their toilet, topcoded at 9 or more other households. Thus, in IPUMS-DHS, a value of 1 in TOILSHARNUMT means that 1 other household is using the household's toilet, for a total of 2 households using that facility. The information in TOILSHARNUMT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 101. What is the main source of drinking water for members of your household? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO DWELLING 11 PIPED INTO YARD/PLOT 12 PUBLIC TAP 13 NEIGHBOUR'S TAP 14 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM OPEN WELL OPEN WELL IN DWELLING 21 (GO TO 101B) OPEN WELL IN YARD/PLOT 22 (GO TO 101B) OPEN PUBLIC WELL 23 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S OPEN WELL 24 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM COVERED WELL OR BOREHOLE PROTECTED WELL IN DWELLING 31 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED WELL IN YARD/PLOT 32 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED PUBLIC WELL 33 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S BOREHOLE 34 (GO TO 101B) SURFACE WATER SPRING 41 (GO TO 101B) RIVER/STREAM 42 (GO TO 101B) POND/LAKE 43 (GO TO 101B) DAM 44 (GO TO 101B) RAINWATER 51 (GO TO 101B) TANKER TRUCK 61 (GO TO 101B) WATER VENDOR 71 (GO TO 101B) BOTTLED WATER 81 (GO TO 101B) OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 (GO TO 101B) 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) 101B. How long does it take you to go there, get water, and come back including waiting time? MINUTES ________ ON PREMISES 996 000 0 (on premises) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 994 One day or longer 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRIND (V115) reports the amount of time, in minutes, to get to the household's major source of water, top-coded at 360+ minutes. This information is taken from the individual woman's record. The complementary variable TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the same information, taken from the household record. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 101B. How long does it take you to go there, get water, and come back including waiting time? MINUTES ________ ON PREMISES 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water 101A. Who is providing water at your main source? AUTHORITY 1 CBO/NGO 2 PRIVATE OPERATOR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Government 20 Private source 21 NGO 22 Private operator 30 Obtained for free 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WTRPROVIDER reports the entity supplying (and paid for) the household's supply of drinking water. For most samples (see Comparability), the information in TOILETSHAREPRIV is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water 101C. Do you do anything to the water to make it safer to drink? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 102) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 102) 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TREATWTRYN (HV237) indicates whether the household used any treatment to make water safer to drink. The information in TREATWTRYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRBLEACH (HV237B) indicates whether the household added bleach or chlorine to make water safer to drink. The information in TRBLEACH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 12 Yes, some of the time 11 Yes, most of the time 00 No 96 Non-resident 10 Yes 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TRBOIL(HV237A) indicates whether the household boiled water to make it safer to drink. The information in TRBOIL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRCLOTH (HV237C) indicates whether the household strained water through cloth to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRCLOTH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRFILTER (HV237D) indicates whether the household used a water filter to make water safer to drink. The information in TRFILTER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSOLAR (HV237E) indicates whether the household used solar disinfection to make water safer to drink. The information in TRSOLAR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSTAND (HV237F) indicates whether the household let water stand to settle impurities, to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRSTAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TROTHER (HV237X) indicates whether the household used some "other" treatment to make water safer to drink. The meaning of other depends on the specific water treatment methods enumerated in a given survey. The information in TROTHER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRDK (HV237Z) indicates whether the respondent did not know what treatment, if any, the household used to make water safer to drink. The information in TRDK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing HHPHONE (V153) indicates whether the household has a telephone. How the question was worded changed over time. See Comparability. The related variable MOBPHONE covers the household's access to a mobile phone, specifically. IPUMS House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHPHONEHH (HV221) indicates whether any member of the household has a telephone (based on information from the household record). The information in HHPHONEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing MOBPHONE indicates whether the household had a mobile/cellular telephone. The related variable HHPHONE indicates whether the household had a telephone, regardless of the type of phone, or had a non-mobile phone. The information in MOBPHONE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing BIKE (V123) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown CAR (V125) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown MOTORCYCL (V124) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown FRIDGE (V122) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or must be owned by the household. See comparability. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Unknown 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident RADIO (V120) indicates whether the household has a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown TELEVISION (V121) indicates whether the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WATCHCLOCK indicates whether the household has access to a timepiece, either a watch or a clock. The related variable CLOCKONLY indicates whether the household has a clock. See Comparability. The information in WATCHCLOCK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing PARALAMPYN indicates whether the household has a lamp that uses paraffin (kerosene) as fuel. The information in PARALAMPYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing IRONYN indicates whether the household has an iron. The information in IRONYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing BANKACC (HV247) indicates whether any member of the household has a bank account. The information in BANKACC is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) 112. How many acres of land for farming or grazing does this household own? (PUT '0000.0' IF NONE AND 9999.8 IF DOESN'T KNOW) ACRES FOR FARMING ______.___ ACRES FOR GRAZING ______.___ No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AGLANDYN (HV244) indicates whether any member of the household owned (or had use of) agricultural land. Question wording varies across samples; see Comparability. The information in AGLANDYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 1 Never 2 Seldom 3 Sometimes 4 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FOODPROBYR reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FOODPROBYR is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally 116. Now I would like to ask you about the food your household eats? How many meals does your household usually have per day? MEALS ___________ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5+ 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 7 Don't know MEALSPERDAY reports the number of meals per day the members of the household have, either "usually" or during a recent reference period. The information in MEALSPERDAY is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FIPROBFQ reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FIPROBFQ is taken from the household record and applies to household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors (code "2") using: RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis; HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis; RESIDENTMN variable when men are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 96 Non-resident 10 Iodized salt in household 11 Packaged salt - iodized 20 Non-iodized salt in household 21 Packaged salt - noniodized 30 Salt not tested 31 Local salt 32 Loose salt 33 Salt for animals 34 Natron in block 35 Packaged salt - other 36 Other, n.e.c. 97 Doesn't cook 98 Missing/no salt available 99 NIU (not in universe) SALTBRIDGE serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on the presence of iodized salt in the household. Initially, respondents were asked, "What type of salt is usually used for cooking in your household?" Respondents were also asked to show their salt package to the interviewer. Beginning with Phase 4 of the standard DHS questionnaire, respondents were asked to provide the interviewer with a teaspoon of cooking salt, which the interviewer then tested. Iodine testing methods varied across phases and countries. SALTBRIDGE combines information from the first approach of asking about cooking salt (in SALTIODIZE (HV222)) and the second approach of testing the cooking salt for iodine (in SALTEST3 (HV234)). The information in SALTBRIDGE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT (V135) variable (with visitors coded "2"). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 0 ppm (No iodine) 10 1-25 ppm 11 7 ppm 12 LT 15 ppm 13 LE 15 ppm 14 15 ppm 15 GE 15 ppm 20 26-50 ppm 21 30 ppm 30 51-75 ppm 31 1-75 ppm 40 76-100 ppm 94 Salt not tested 95 No salt in the household 96 Non-resident 98 Missing SALTRESULT (V166) reports the results of the salt iodine test, with information recorded on the individual person's record. The following related variables, taken from the household record, report the results of the salt iodine test and are separated according to the type of test: SALTEST1 (HV234) reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values of 0 PPM, 7 PPM, 15 PPM or less, 15PPM or more, and 30 PPM. SALTEST2 reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values of 0 PPM, 1-25 PPM, 26-50 PPM, 51-75 PPM, and 76-100 PPM. SALTEST3 (HV234A) indicates whether the household's cooking salt tested positive for iodine. IPUMS Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 997 Don't know 000 0 PPM 070 7 PPM 071 Less than 15 PPM 150 15 PPM or more 151 30 PPM 994 Salt not tested 995 No salt in household 996 Non-resident 998 Missing SALTEST1 (HV234) reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values. The levels are grouped based on PPM (parts per million). Universal salt iodization is recommended (by the World Health Organization and UNICEF) to prevent and correct iodine deficiency disorders (including goiter, hypothyroidism, deaf-mutism, mental retardation, dwarfism, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities). However, unnecessarily high levels of iodine in salt may lead to occasional cases of hyperthyroidism. The information in SALTEST1 is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. The related variables SALTEST2 and SALTEST3 (HV234A) also report iodine levels in cooking salt, but with different groupings. IPUMS Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week 118. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat fish? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing FISHHHWK reports how many days the household ate fish, in the past week. The information in FISHHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week 117. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat meat? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MEATHHWK reports how many days the household ate meat, in the past week. The information in MEATHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased 125. What brand did you buy? SEMBA 1 DONA 2 NO BRAND SHOWN 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________6 DON'T KNOW 8 1 Semba 2 Dona 3 No brand shown 4 Other 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYBRAND reports the brand name of recently consumed maize flour that was purchased by the household. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYBRAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour 124. Where did you buy the maize flour? SHOP 1 MARKET 2 AT HAMMERMILL 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 1 Shop 2 Market 3 At hammermill 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYWHERE reports where the household bought recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour 123. Where did you get the maize flour? GROUND OWN MAIZE AT HOME 1 (GO TO 126) GROUND AT MAIZE MILL 2 (GO TO 126) BOUGHT FLOUR 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 (GO TO 126) 1 Ground own maize at home 2 Ground at maize mill 3 Bought flour 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZGOTWHERE reports where the household obtained recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZGOTWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days 122. Did anyone in the household prepare ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 126) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing MAIZUGALIWK indicates whether the household prepared ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days. Ugali is a starch dish, prepared from maize, millet, or sorghum, that is a staple food in much of Africa, eaten with a sauce or stew of vegetables or meat. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZUGALIWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping 130. Does your household have any mosquito nets that can be used while sleeping? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 141) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETHH (HV227) indicates whether the household has at least one mosquito bed net for use while household members are sleeping. The information in BEDNETHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 99 NIU (not in universe) 96 Non-resident 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing BEDNETNUM (HML1) reports how many mosquito nets were owned by the household. Responses were topcoded at 7+ bednets. Because of topcoding, the number of reported bednets cannot be meaningfully compared to the number of household members. The information in BEDNETNUM is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ No 1 All children 2 Some children 6 No net in household 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) indicates whether any, some, or all of the children in the household under age five slept under a bed net the previous night. Apart from universe differences, BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) has no comparability problems. Comparability - Standard DHS BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) is included in Phase IV forward of the standard DHS questionnaire. IPUMS Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 96 Non-resident 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDS (HML2) reports the number of children in the household who slept under a mosquito net the previous night. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information 132. ASK RESPONDENT TO SHOW YOU THE NET(S). IF MORE THAN 6 NETS, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). OBSERVED 1 NOT OBSERVED 2 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETWINF (HML1A) reports the number of mosquito nets with specific information the household has. Specific information can be related to the type (permanent/long-lasting insecticide-treated or pretreated) or the brand of the net. IPUMS Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers 120. How far is it to the nearest health facility? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) IF MORE THAN 95 KM, WRITE 95. KILOMETRES ________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing HCAREKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest health facility, in kilometers. The information in HCAREKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility 121. If you were to go to (NAME OF HOSPITAL, HEALTH CENTRE, or HEALTH POST), how would you go there? CAR/MOTORCYCLE 1 PUBLIC TRANSPORT (BUS, TAXI) 2 ANIMAL/ANIMAL CART 3 WALKING 4 BICYCLE 5 OTHER 6 96 Non-resident 98 Missing 10 Motorized transport 11 Car/motorcycle 12 Car/bus/taxi 13 Public transport (bus, taxi) 14 Motorcycle/scooter 15 Public transport plus walking 20 Animal or animal cart 21 Animal (horse, donkey, mule) 22 Animal drawn cart 30 Bicyle 40 Walking 90 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) HCARETRANSPORT reports the type of transportation the household members use (or hypothetically would use) to reach the nearest health facility. The information in HCARETRANSPORT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CURRWORK (V714) indicates whether the woman is currently working at a job or business. To distinguish employment from household labor, many surveys included a preface such as the following: "As you know, some women take up jobs for which they are paid in cash or in kind. Others sell things, have a small business or work on the family farm or in the family business." Women who have worked outside of their own housework in the last 12 months and been paid in cash, cash and in-kind, or only in-kind payments are included as working, although the survey questions vary in who receives an affirmative response. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who did not work in the past 7 days, JOBABSENT (V714A) indicates whether the woman had a job or business from which she was temporarily absent, due to leave, illness, vacation, maternity leave, or other reasons. IPUMS Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation 00 Not currently working 10 Professional, technical, or managerial worker 20 Clerical or Sales 21 Clerical worker 22 Sales worker 30 Agricultural 31 Self-employed agricultural worker 32 Agricultural employee 40 Household, domestic, and services 41 Household and domestic worker 42 Services worker 50 Skilled and unskilled manual 51 Skilled manual worker 52 Unskilled manual worker 60 Armed forces 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKCURRJOB (V717) reports the occupation of the respondent in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broad job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for 24 For someone else 23 For someone else (unpaid) 10 Works for self 11 Self-employed 12 Employer 20 Works for someone else 21 For family member (unpaid) 22 For family member 30 Works for self and someone else 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 40 Other WHOWORKFOR (V719) indicates whether the respondent works for a family member, for someone else, or is self-employed. IPUMS Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently 00 No 10 Yes 11 Worked in the past year 12 Currently working 13 Has a job, but on leave last 7 days 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKWORKLASTYR (V731) indicates whether the respondent worked recently (i.e., was currently working, was on leave from a job in the past 7 days, or worked in the past year). IPUMS Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally 10 All year 20 Less than all year 21 Most of the year 22 Part of the year 23 Seasonally 24 Occasionally 25 Temporary 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 29 Other WKEMPLOYWHEN (V732) indicates whether the woman works throughout the year, seasonally, or occasionally. IPUMS Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Not paid 1 Paid in cash only 2 Paid in cash and in kind 3 Paid in kind only 4 Other 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNTYPE (V741) reports the type of earnings for the respondent's work. IPUMS Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation 10 Did not work 11 Not working, student or applicant 12 Unemployed 13 Student 20 Prof., Tech., Manag. 30 Clerical or Sales 31 Clerical 32 Sales 40 Agricultural, breeding, fishing, forest 41 Agriculture, self-employed 42 Agriculture, employee 50 Household, domestic, and services 51 Household and domestic 52 Services 60 Skilled and unskilled manual 61 Skilled manual 62 Unskilled manual 70 Other 71 Army 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSJOB (V705) reports the occupation of the woman's husband/partner in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broader job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings 1 More than him 2 Less than him 3 About the same 4 Husband/partner has no earnings 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNSMORE (V746) indicates whether the woman earns more money, less money, or about the same amount of money as her husband/partner. IPUMS Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles 1 Poorest 2 Poorer 3 Middle 4 Richer 5 Richest 8 Missing WEALTHQ (V190) refers to the relative wealth of the household where the woman lives, divided into quintiles from the poorest (code 1) to the richest (code 5). The wealth index is defined in the DHS Recode Manuals as follows: The wealth index is a composite measure of a household's cumulative living standard. The wealth index is calculated using easy-to-use data on a household's ownership of selected assets, such as televisions and bicycles; materials used for housing construction; and types of water access and sanitation facilities. Generated with a statistical procedure known as principal components analysis, the wealth index places individual households on a continuous scale of relative wealth. DHS separates all interviewed households into five quintiles of wealth. For additional information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, users should consult the summary information about the wealth index on The DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on "The DHS Wealth Index" here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The complementary variable WEALTHS reports the wealth index factor score for the woman's household in a specific sample. WEALTHQ and WEALTHS are included on the woman's record for Phase 5 forward only. IPUMS-DHS has made available these variables for Phase 2 forward, by linking the wealth index files to the woman's individual recode files. The variables used to calculate wealth index quintiles and the level of wealth implied by a specific ranking are sample-specific. See Comparability. IPUMS Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) WEALTHS (V191) refers to the household's wealth index value generated by the product of standardized scores (z-scores) and factor coefficient scores (factor loadings) of wealth indicators. Most researchers will want to use instead the complementary variable WEALTHQ (V190), which reports quintile ranking (from poorest to richest) of the woman's household, in terms of wealth score, for a given sample. For further information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, see the description of WEALTHQ, the summary information about the wealth index on the DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on "The DHS Wealth Index" here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The variables used to calculate wealth index scores are sample-specific. See Comparability. WEALTHS (V191) is a 12-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly 10 Does not own 20 Owns alone only 30 Owns jointly 31 Owns jointly only 32 Owns both alone and jointly 40 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FEMOWNHOUSE (V745A) indicates whether the woman owns a house alone or jointly with someone else. IPUMS Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly 10 Does not own land 20 Owns alone only 30 Owns jointly 31 Owns jointly only 32 Owns both alone and jointly 40 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FEMOWNLAND (V745B) indicates whether the woman owns land alone or jointly with someone else. IPUMS Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage 00 Cannot read at all 10 Reads 11 Able to read only part of sentence 12 Able to read whole sentence 20 Not ascertained (blind, diff. language) 21 No card with required language 22 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing LIT2 (V155) indicates whether the woman could read. This variable is available beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS. Persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As with LIT1 (V108), those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. For Phases 1-3 of the DHS, information on literacy was collected using a different approach, by simply asking whether the person could read (LIT1). See LITBRIG for information about using the data on literacy across all phases of the DHS. IPUMS Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable 10 Yes, reads 11 Reads easily/whole sentence 12 Reads with difficulty/part of sentence 20 No, cannot read 30 Not ascertained (blind or diff. language) 31 No card with required language 32 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LITBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on literacy. Initially, respondents were asked, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS, persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As before, those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. LITBRIG combines information from the first approach of asking about literacy (in LIT1 [V108]) and the second approach of testing literacy based on reading a sentence aloud (in LIT2 [V155]). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 8 Missing For women who ever went to school, EDUCLVL (V106) reports the highest level of school they attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who ever attended school, YRSCHL (V107) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher), as reported in EDUCLVL (V106). See Comparability. For the woman's total years of education, see EDYRTOTAL (V133). IPUMS Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education 98 Missing 97 Don't know 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Inconsistent 27 27 EDYRTOTAL (V133) reports the woman's education level in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107) as follows: If EDUCLVL = "No education," EDYRTOTAL = "0" If EDUCLVL = "Primary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL If EDUCLVL = "Secondary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + x If EDUCLVL = "Higher," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + y If EDUCLVL = "Missing," EDYRTOTAL = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 8 Missing EDACHIEVER (V149) is a summary variable that reports the woman's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. EDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107). IPUMS Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) 00 No education 10 Pre-school 20 Primary 30 Post-primary training 40 Secondary 41 Secondary "O" level 42 Secondary "A" level 50 Post-secondary training 51 Post-secondary "O" level training 52 Post-secondary "A" level training 60 University 97 Don't know EDUCLVLTZ reports the highest level of school that the respondent attended, within the educational system of Tanzania. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania and reflects the educational system of that country. IPUMS Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) YRSCHLTZ reports the number of years of education the respondent completed at the highest level of schooling achieved, in the Tanzanian educational system and as reported in EDUCLVLTZ. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDLVL (V701) reports the highest level of school attended by their most recent husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDLVL is a standardized variable reporting the level of education in four categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women whose most recent husband/partner had ever attended school, HUSEDYR (V702) reports the number of years of schooling completed by their husband/partner at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in HUSEDLVL (V701). For the husband's total years of education, see HUSEDYRS (V715). IPUMS Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDYRS (V715) reports the education of the woman's most recent husband/partner in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) as follows: If HUSEDLVL = "No education," HUSEDYRS = "0" If HUSEDLVL = "Primary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR If HUSEDLVL = "Secondary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + x If HUSEDLVL = "Higher," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + y If HUSEDLVL = "Missing," HUSEDYRS = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HUSEDACHIEVER (V729) is a summary variable that reports the highest level of education in broad categories for the woman's husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. HUSEDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in the HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) variables. IPUMS Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSFQ (V157) reports how often the woman usually reads a newspaper or magazine (not at all, less than once a week, once a week or more often, or almost every day). For a potentially comparable variable asking whether the woman reads the newspaper or a magazine at least once a week, see NEWSWK (V109). For a variable bridging NEWSFQ and NEWSWK, see NEWSBRIG. IPUMS Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to newspapers and magazines. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they read a newspaper or magazine at least once a week (NEWSWK (V109)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they read newspapers or magazines (NEWSFQ (V157)). NEWSBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know TVFQ (V159) reports how often the woman usually watches television (not at all, less than once a week, at least once a week, or almost every day). For a comparable variable asking whether the woman watches television at least once a week, see TVWK (V110). For a variable bridging TVFQ and TVWK (V110), see TVBRIG. IPUMS Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know TVBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to television. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they watch television at least once a week (TVWK (V110)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they watch television (TVFQ (V159)). TVBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOFQ (V158) reports how often the woman usually listens to the radio (not at all, less than once a week, at least once a week, or almost every day). For a comparable variable that asks about whether the woman listens to the radio at least once a week, see RADIOWK (V112). For a variable bridging RADIOFQ and RADIOWK (V112), see RADIOBRIG. IPUMS Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable 00 No 01 Not at all 02 Less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to the radio. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they listen to the radio at least once a week (RADIOWK (V112)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they listen to the radio (RADIOFQ (V158)). RADIOBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases 10 Woman alone 20 Woman and husband/partner 30 Woman and someone else 40 Husband/partner 50 Someone else 51 Other senior male 52 Other senior female 60 Other or not applicable 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 53 Family elders/relatives DECBIGHH (V743B) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding large household purchases. IPUMS Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives 1 Woman alone 2 Woman and husband/partner 3 Woman and someone else 4 Husband/partner 5 Someone else 6 Other or not applicable 7 Family elders/relatives 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DECFAMVISIT (V743D) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding (the woman's) visits to family or relatives. IPUMS Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings 10 Woman alone 20 Woman and husband/partner 30 Woman and someone else 40 Husband/partner 50 Someone else 51 Mother or father 52 Aunt or uncle 53 Family elders 54 Someone else, unspecified 60 Other or not applciable 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have worked in the last 12 months and were paid in cash or in cash and in kind in the last 12 months, DECFEMEARN (V739) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding how the income she earns is spent. IPUMS Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care 1 Woman alone 2 Woman and husband/partner 3 Woman and someone else 4 Husband/partner 5 Someone else 6 Other/not applicable 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Family elders/relatives DECFEMHCARE (V743A) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding the woman's own healthcare. IPUMS Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 53 Never had sex 52 Declared infecund 51 Sterilized 50 Not at risk of pregnancy 40 Up to God 30 No more 20 Undecided 10 Have another For countries with low contraceptive prevalence, FERTPREF (V602) reports responses to the question, "Would you like to have a (another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children"? The standard response categories are "have another," "no more/none," "says she can't get pregnant," and "undecided or don't know." In Phase I, FERTPREF (V602), was constructed from two questions in countries with high contraceptive prevalence (Model "A" questionnaires). Women who responded that they want another child, but when asked when they would like the next child, respond that they cannot get pregnant, are classified in the "declared infecund category," and not in the "Wants another" category. Some samples also include the response "up to God." More detailed responses under the general category "says she can't get pregnant" are sometimes available. In IPUMS-DHS, all responses in the general category of "not at risk of pregnancy" share a common first digit of 5, while the second digit distinguishes between the specific reasons. In some countries, women who never had sexual intercourse (coded as "53" in IPUMS-DHS) were not asked the questions relating to their desire for future children. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 61 Desire birth in less than 2 years 60 No unmet need 53 Never had sex 52 Not in union, not sexually active 51 Infecund or menopausal 50 Not at risk 41 No sex, want to wait 40 Future need for FP 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Had FP failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED (V624) is a constructed variable that reports a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The following describes the constructed categories in more detail: Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was mistimed, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and say they want to wait two or more years for their next birth, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Unmet need for limiting includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was unwanted, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was unwanted, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and who want no more children. Met need for spacing includes women who are using some method of family planning and say they want to have another child, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Met need for limiting includes women who are using family planning and who want no more children. Note that the specific methods (modern or traditional) are not taken into account here. Met need describes women who have no need for contraceptive methods, either because they desire a child soon (within the next two years) or because they are menopausal or infecund. In high contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "A" countries), pregnant and postpartum amenorrheic women whose pregnancy was the result of a contraceptive failure are not included in the category of unmet need, but they are categorized as spacing failures or limiting failures. In low contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "B" countries), no such distinction is made, since information was not collected on contraceptive failure. Infecund women are also excluded from the unmet need categories. The "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" provides the following definitions: Fecundity: A woman is assumed to be fecund unless she declares that she is infecund, had a hysterectomy, or is menopausic. Women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic but who have not menstruated for six or more months, and married women who have not used contraception in the past five years but have not had a birth and are not pregnant, are also considered infecund. Failure to Space: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say they wanted the current pregnancy later. Failure to Limit: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say that they did not want another child before they became pregnant. Excluded from the unmet need category are women who became pregnant while using a method (these women are in need of a better method of contraception). The infecund or menopausal category on the UNMETNEED (V624) variable contains fewer cases than the EXPOSURE1 variable, because women who are categorized as infecund or menopausal, but are currently using a contraceptive method, are recorded in the two "met need" categories in UNMETNEED. UNMETNEED (V624) incorporates responses to the following variables: [EXPOSURE1/V623], which reports the woman's exposure to the risk of pregnancy, defined as pregnant, postpartum amenorrheic, menopausal or infecund, and fecund. [ V225], which reports whether a current pregnancy was wanted then, later or not at all (for women who were pregnant at the time of interview). [KIDDESIRE/V605] ,which reports whether the woman wants more children and when she would like them. [FPMETHNOW/V312] which reports the woman's current use of contraception. Users are also encouraged to see details of this variable provided in the "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 53 No sex, want to wait/not married and no sex in last 30 days 52 Never had sex 51 Infecund, menopausal 50 Not at risk for pregnancy 41 Desire birth in less than 2 yrs 40 No unmet need 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Family limitation failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED2 (V626) is a constructed variable that indicates a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. UNMETNEED2 is similar to UNMETNEED, but UNMETNEED2 differently categorizes women who are infecund or menopausal but are currently using a contraceptive method. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of UNMETNEED2 uses a definition of fecundity based on exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE2. UNMETNEED, by contrast, uses a definition of exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE1. See the descriptions of these two variables for discussion of their differences. IPUMS Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 63 Never had sex 62 Declared infecund 61 Sterilized 60 Not at risk of pregnancy 51 Up to God 50 Fatalistic response 40 Wants no more 30 Undecided 13 Wants, unsure timing 12 Wants after 2+ years 11 Wants within 2 years 10 Wants more children KIDDESIRE (V605) is a constructed variable that distinguishes between women who want another child soon (in less than two years), who want another child later (in 2+ years), who want no more children, and who aren't sure (about timing or about the number of children desired). When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of this variable has changed across phases of the DHS and varies across countries (only sometimes distinguishing between groups of women not at risk of pregnancy due to sterilization, infecundity, or virginity). To maximize comparability across samples, IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding. Women who want more children share a common first digit of 1, women not at risk of pregnancy share a common first digit of 6, and detail present in only some samples is specified in the code's second digit. IPUMS Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child 1 Wanted last child then 2 Wanted last child later 3 Wanted no more children 7 Unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLCHDESIRE (V367) reports whether the woman's last born child was wanted at the time she got pregnant, was wanted but at a later time, or was not wanted at all. The cutoff point for when the woman's last child was born varies across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy 1 Then 2 Later 3 Not at all 4 Up to God 7 Don't know/Not sure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently pregnant, PGDESIRE (V225) reports whether, at the time of becoming pregnant, the woman wanted her pregnancy then, later, or not at all. IPUMS Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 66 Number she has currently 65 Depends on husband 64 As many as possible 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 67 As many as can care for 68 Doesn't want children 99 NIU (not in universe) IDEALKID (V613) reports the ideal total number of children the woman would have liked to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing. The information is collected through hypothetical questions such as, "If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women with living children) or "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women without living children). If the woman responded with a range of values, IDEALKID reports the midpoint between those values. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "If the midpoint is not an exact number then the number is rounded up in half the cases and rounded down for the other half." The questionnaires included space for non-numeric "other" responses, such as "Up to God." When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) 8 Missing 7 Non-numeric response 6 6+ 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 [no label] 9 NIU (not in universe) Like IDEALKID, IDEALKIDGRP (V614) reports the total number of children the woman would hypothetically like to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing, but top-codes numeric responses at 6+ children and codes non-numeric responses as 7. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 99 NIU (not in universe) 66 Number she has currently 69 No sex preference Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALBOYS (V627) reports how many of these children would ideally be boys. Numeric responses to IDEALBOYS (V627), IDEALGIRLS (V628), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID (V613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 God's decision/Allah's will 60 Non-numeric response 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 99 NIU (not in universe) 66 Number she has currently 69 No sex preference Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALGIRLS reports how many of these children would ideally be girls. Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLS (V628), IDEALBOYS (V627), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID (V613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 66 Number she has currently 99 NIU (not in universe) Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALBOTH (V629) reports the ideal number of children of either sex (i.e., with no gender preference). Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLS (V628), IDEALBOYS (V627), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID. Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, number missing 989 Up to God 990 After finishing school 991 After marriage 992 When husband returns 993 After breastfeeding 994 At any time 995 Soon/now 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALBTHFUT (V616) reports how long the woman would like to wait before the birth of a/another child. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child 100 Less than one month (want now) 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, number unspecified 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years or more 299 Years, number unspecified 987 After weaning 989 After finishing school 990 When spouse returns 991 Up to God 992 After marriage 993 Any time 994 Soon or immediately 995 Other, non-numeric response 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECH (V603) reports the amount of time, in months or years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child (top-coded at 20 years). The complementary variable PREFTIMECH (V604) reports responses to the same question, but in terms of years only, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECH includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples, and the way this variable was asked and calculated also changed over time; see Comparability. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) 00 Less than 12 months 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 or more years 96 Non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECHGP (V604) reports the amount of time, in years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECHGP includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples; see Comparability. The related variable PREFTIMECH presents the same information in greater detail, in terms of months or years, top-coded at 20 years. IPUMS Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Mainly husband, partner 1 Mainly respondent 2 Joint decision 3 Other 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know For women using family planning, FPDECIDER (V632) reports who decided on the use of contraception (mainly the woman, mainly her partner, joint decision, or someone else). IPUMS Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children 01 Both want same 02 Husband wants more 03 Husband wants fewer 07 Don't Know 08 Missing 09 NIU (not in universe) 04 Both provided non-numeric response HUSFERTPREF (V621) reports whether the woman believes her partner wants the same number of children, more children, or fewer children than she wants. IPUMS Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FPHUSKNOUS (V634) indicates whether the woman's husband or partner knows that she is using a method of family planning. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund 3 Infecund, menopausal 2 Amenorrheic 1 Pregnant Fecund 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EXPOSURE1 (V623) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to differentiate between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, these categories are actualized as follows: Pregnant women Postpartum amenorrheic women are those whose period has not returned since the last birth in the three/five years preceding the survey. Women are defined as being menopausal if they are not pregnant and not postpartum amenorrheic, are not currently using a contraceptive method, and have not had a period in the six months preceding the survey or report they are in menopause. Women are defined as being infecund if they are not menopausal and not postpartum amenorrheic and not pregnant, have had no birth in the five years preceding the survey, and either (Model "A" countries) have been continuously married and have not used contraception in the five years preceding the survey, or (Model "B" countries) have been married one time and first married five or more years before the survey and have never used contraception. Fecund women are all women not included in the preceding categories. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund 1 Pregnant 2 Amenorrheic 3 Infecund, menopausal 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Like EXPOSURE1, EXPOSURE2 (V625) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to distinguish between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. EXPOSURE2 uses a more liberal definition of infecundity than EXPOSURE1, however. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The DHS Recode Manuals explain the differences between these two variables as follows: For Model "B" countries, it is only possible to say that a woman had been continuously married throughout the preceding five years if she was in her first union. This definition has been relaxed in V625 [EXPOSURE2], such that the respondent need only have been married at least five years ago, and not continuously married throughout the last five years. For Model "A" countries, there is no change to this part of the definition. [For EXPOSURE2] Two additional variables have been used to declare a woman infecund. If the respondent said that she cannot get pregnant when asked about preferences for additional children, or if she reported that she was menopausal or had a hysterectomy when giving the reason she was not currently using a contraceptive method, the respondent is coded as infecund. Model A countries and Model B countries are defined according to whether the country based its questionnaire on the Model A or Model B standard DHS questionnaire for DHS phases one through four. In general, the Model A questionnaire was designed for use in countries with high contraceptive prevalence. Nonetheless, countries with relatively low contraceptive prevalence sometimes modeled their own questionnaire on the Model A standard questionnaire. This was the case, for example, for the Kenyan samples for 1998 and 2003 and the Malawi samples for 2000 and 2004. IPUMS Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method 00 Knows no method 10 Knows only traditional or folkloric method 11 Knows only folkloric method 12 Knows only traditional method 20 Knows modern method 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOTYP (V301) is a summary (recoded) variable indicating whether the woman knew any family planning method and, if so, whether she knew a modern method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet) that vary across samples. IPUMS Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOPILL (V304_01) indicates whether the woman knew about the Pill as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIUD (V304_02) indicates whether the woman knew about the IUD (intra-uterine device) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probe questions, an IUD was often described as "a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse." IPUMS Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOINJ (V304_03) indicates whether the woman knew about injectables as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. For the probe question, injectables were typically defined as "an injection by a doctor or nurse, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several months." IPUMS Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNODIA (V304_04) indicates whether the woman knew about the diaphragm or spermicides, such as a foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOCON (V304_05) indicates whether the woman knew about male condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFST (V304_06) indicates whether the woman knew about female sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOMST (V304_07) indicates whether the woman knew about male sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFC (V304_14) indicates whether the woman knew about female condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIMP (V304_11) indicates whether the woman knew about implants (such as Norplant) as a method for family planning. Implants were generally described as "small rods placed in their arm by a doctor, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several years." Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOLAM (V304_13) indicates whether the woman knew about the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSLAM indicates whether the woman had ever used LAM as a means to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOEMRG (V304_16) indicates whether the woman knows about emergency contraception as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSEMRG indicates whether the woman had ever used emergency contraception to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, emergency contraception is often described by the following: As an emergency measure, within three days after they have unprotected sexual intercourse, women can take special pills to prevent pregnancy. IPUMS Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFJ (V304_15) indicates whether the woman knew about spermicide, such as foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSFJ indicates whether the woman had ever used a spermicide to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOWD (V304_09) indicates whether the woman knew about withdrawal as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP 10 Yes 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNORHY (V304_08) indicates whether the woman knew about the rhythm method (periodic abstinence at the high-fertility part of the woman's menstrual cycle) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOOM (V304_10) indicates whether the woman knew about any "other" method(s) as a method of family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSOM indicates whether the woman had ever used any "other" method(s) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in this case depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUREFF (V3A02) indicates whether the woman was told by anyone about potential side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCURDEAL indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with these side effects. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03), which indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by a health or family planning worker. IPUMS Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) FPCURDEAL (V3A04) indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with the side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCUREFF (V3A02) indicates whether the woman was told about the sides effects in general. FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03) indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by a health/family planning worker. IPUMS Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03) indicates whether the woman was told by a health or family planning worker about potential side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCURDEAL indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with these side effects. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUREFF (V3A02), which indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by anyone. IPUMS Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUROM (V3A05) indicates whether the woman was told by anyone about other potential contraceptive methods she could use when she first obtained her current method. Universes vary across samples; see Comparability. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUROMWKR (V3A06), which indicates whether the woman was told about other potential methods by a health or family planning worker. IPUMS Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUROMWKR (V3A06) indicates whether the woman was told by a health or family planning worker about other potential contraceptive methods she could use when she first obtained her current method. Universes vary across samples; see Comparability. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUROM (V3A05), which indicates whether the woman was told about other potential methods by anyone. IPUMS Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) 00 No method 10 Folkloric or traditional method 11 Folkloric method 12 Traditional method 20 Modern method 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPNOW (V313) indicates whether the woman is currently using a modern, traditional, or folkloric method of contraception. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method 10 Currently using 20 Ever used, but not currently using 21 Used since last birth 22 Used before last birth 30 Never used 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPATRN (V361) reports the woman's pattern of contraceptive use by indicating whether she is currently using, has used in the past, or has never used contraception. IPUMS Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP 000 Not using 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/Implants 104 Condom 105 Female Condom 106 Female Sterilization 107 Male Sterilization 110 Injections 111 Injection (3 monthly) 112 Injection (monthly) 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 121 Diaphragm 122 Diaphragm/Foam 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 124 Foam or Jelly 125 Foaming tablets 126 Vaginal methods 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 140 Emergency contraception 150 Other modern method 151 Contraceptive patch 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle Beads/Standard days method 213 Abstinence 214 Mucus method 215 Natural family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 230 Other traditional/folkloric 231 Herbs/Plants 232 Gris-Gris/Amulet 233 Astrology 234 Strings 300 OTHER METHOD, UNSPECIFIED 301 Other specific method 1 302 Other specific method 2 303 Other specific method 3 304 Other specific method 4 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FPMETHNOW (V312) reports the contraceptive method the woman is currently using. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. See FPEVUSE for more information on broad categories of contraception. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes No 7 Don't know For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant and who ever used the Pill, FPNOWUSPILL (V307_01) indicates whether the woman is now using the Pill. IPUMS FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSINJ (V307_03) indicates whether the woman is now using injectable contraception. IPUMS FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSIUD (V307_02) indicates whether the woman is now using an IUD. IPUMS FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSIMP (V307_11) indicates whether the woman is now using a contraceptive implant, such as Norplant, to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSFST (V307_06) indicates whether the woman is now using female sterilization. IPUMS FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSMST (V307_07) indicates whether the woman is now using male sterilization. IPUMS FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSDIA (V307_04) indicates whether the woman is now using the diaphragm. IPUMS FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSCON (V307_05) indicates whether the woman is now using the male condom. IPUMS FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSFC (V307_14) indicates whether the woman is now using the female condom to delay or avoid getting pregnant. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNOWUSCON, which refers to the male condom. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSFJ (V307_15) indicates whether the woman is now using a spermicide, such as foam or jelly, to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSLAM (V307_13) indicates whether the woman is now using the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSEMRG indicates whether the woman is now using a form of emergency contraception to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSRHY (V307_08) indicates whether the woman is now using rhythm (periodic abstinence). IPUMS FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSWD (V307_09) indicates whether the woman is now using withdrawal. IPUMS FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSOM (V307_10) indicates whether the woman is now using some "other" contraceptive method to delay or avoid getting pregnant. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method 98 Missing 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTMO (V315) reports the month of the calendar year when they first started using their current method. The year when the woman first started using her current method is reported in FPCURSTYR (V316). IPUMS Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 2013 2013 2012 2012 2011 2011 2010 2010 2009 2009 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006 2005 2005 2004 2004 2003 2003 2002 2002 2001 2001 2000 2000 1999 1999 1998 1998 1997 1997 1996 1996 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1970 1970 1971 1971 1960 1960 2017 2017 For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTYR (V316) reports the year when they first started using their current method. The calendar month when the woman first started using her current method is reported in FPCURSTMO (V315). IPUMS Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTCMC (V317) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date when the woman started using her current method. IPUMS Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method 1 Month and year given 5 Month imputed, year given 7 Month given, year imputed (date placed) 8 No information given (date placed) 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCURCOMP (V318) reports the completeness of information about the start date of the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method 000 0 months 001 1 month 002 2 months 003 3 months 004 4 months 005 5 months 006 6 months 007 7 months 008 8 months 009 9 months 010 10 months 011 11 months 012 12 months 013 13 months 014 14 months 015 15 months 016 16 months 017 17 months 018 18 months 019 19 months 020 20 months 021 21 months 022 22 months 023 23 months 024 24 months 025 25 months 026 26 months 027 27 months 028 28 months 029 29 months 030 30 months 031 31 months 032 32 months 033 33 months 034 34 months 035 35 months 036 36 months 037 37 months 038 38 months 039 39 months 040 40 months 041 41 months 042 42 months 043 43 months 044 44 months 045 45 months 046 46 months 047 47 months 048 48 months 049 49 months 050 50 months 051 51 months 052 52 months 053 53 months 054 54 months 055 55 months 056 56 months 057 57 months 058 58 months 059 59 months 060 60 months 061 61 months 062 62 months 063 63 months 064 64 months 065 65 months 066 66 months 067 67 months 068 68 months 069 69 months 070 70 months 071 71 months 072 72 months 073 73 months 074 74 months 075 75 months 076 76 months 077 77 months 078 78 months 079 79 months 080 80 months 081 81 months 082 82 months 083 83 months 084 84 months 085 85 months 086 86 months 087 87 months 088 88 months 089 89 months 090 90 months 091 91 months 092 92 months 093 93 months 094 94 months 095 95 months 096 96 or more months 995 All calendar years 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a contraceptive method, FPCURNOMO (V337) reports the number of months they have been continuously using their current method. Starting in Phase II, there are differences in the way these data are reported between Model "A" and Model "B" countries, due to the inclusion of a detailed calendar of events in the five years preceding the interview in Model "A" questionnaires. For Model "B" questionnaires, any response greater than 8 years is topcoded at "96." However, for Model "A" questionnaires, the maximum duration of use that could be recorded is the entire length of the calendar (i.e., 5 years). IPUMS First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method 5560 Community Center 4213 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3309 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3308 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA 3307 Family Planning Association of Nepal 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 2425 Homeopath 2330 Private Sangini outlet 1909 Condom box 1438 Primary health center outreach clinic 0000 No one 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Regional/provincial hospital 1140 Urban hospital 1150 District/rural hospital 1151 District hospital 1152 Rural hospital 1160 Category I hospital 1170 Category II hospital 1180 University/teaching hospital 1181 University hospital 1182 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Family welfare center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Category I health center 1290 Category II health center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planninc clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1430 Government health worker 1431 Fieldworker 1432 Lady health worker (LHW) 1433 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1434 Community-based distribution agent 1435 Community/village health worker 1436 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1437 Nurse 1500 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1600 Government maternity home 1610 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health box 1903 Health station/clinic 1904 Health office 1905 Community clinic 1906 Health insurance organization 1907 Curative care organization 1908 Youth facility 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Specialized hospital 2112 District hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Polyclinic 2122 Clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Qualified doctor 2220 Traditional doctor 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Fieldworker 2422 Community-based distribution agent 2423 Community/village health worker 2424 Nurse 2500 Private health center 2510 VCT center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Medical office 2902 Care room 2903 Tent 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Community-based outlet 3200 NGO health worker 3210 NGO community-based distributor 3220 NGO fieldworker 3230 NGO depot holder 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 AMO Congo 3302 Egypt FP association 3303 CSI project 3304 BLM 3305 MACRO 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious mobile clinic 4400 Religious door-to-door 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5111 General dealer 5112 Supermarket 5113 Tuck shop 5114 Service station 5120 Kiosk 5130 Gas station 5190 Other retail 5200 Relative/friend 5210 Partner 5300 Church/mosque 5400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 5410 Bar/nightclub 5411 Bar 5420 Hotel 5500 Other institution 5510 School 5520 Youth center 5530 Workplace 5600 Media 5610 Family planning campaign 5700 Traditional practitioner 5710 Hakim 5720 Traditional birth attendant (TBA) 5800 Informal channels 5810 Drug vendor 5820 Public toilet 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1190 Military hospital 1412 Sub-center or sub-post 1620 Rural maternity clinic 3140 Red Cross 3150 Marie Stopes 3160 Population Services International (PSI) 3170 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3306 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 4900 Other religious 5540 Charity/foundation 5550 Refugee camp FPKNOW1SRC (V3A07) reports the first source for the respondent's current method of contraception. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed 6903 Community center 3306 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 0000 NO ONE 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 National hospital 1111 Referral/specialty hospital 1112 National/central hospital 1113 Military hospital 1114 Day hospital 1120 Provincial/regional hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 University/teaching hospital 1171 University hospital 1172 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Basic health center 1260 Integrated health center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Family welfare center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1330 Family planning clinic CBD 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1412 Sub-center 1413 Sub-health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1421 Mobile PHC clinic 1430 Government health professional 1431 Doctor 1432 Nurse 1433 Paramedic 1440 Government health worker 1434 Community-based distributor (CBD) 1435 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1436 Male mobilizer 1437 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1438 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1450 Government outreach clinic 1451 Primary health care outreach clinic 1452 Satellite clinic/EPI outreach 1453 Community clinic 1454 Rural/municipal clinic 1460 Camp 1470 Household visit 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1520 Rural maternity 1530 Anganwadi/ICDS center 1600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1610 Government pharmacy 1611 Community pharmacy 1620 Government dispensary 1900 Other public 1901 Clinic 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Health home 1904 Health office 1905 Health insurance organization 1906 Parastatal health facility 1907 Youth center 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Private specialty hospital 2112 Private district hospital 2113 Private university hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Private polyclinic 2122 Private clinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary/drug store 2210 Private pharmacy 2220 Private dispensary 2230 Private chemist/drug store 2231 Private chemist 2232 Private drug store 2240 Private mobile drug vendor 2300 Private doctor's office 2310 Qualified doctor 2320 Traditional/unqualified doctor 2330 Private practice 2331 Private care room 2332 Private infirmiry 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Private field worker 2422 Private community/village health worker 2423 Private community-based distributor 2424 Private paramedic 2425 Private hakim/homeopath 2426 Private traditional healer 2427 Private traditional birth attendant (TBA) 2428 Private nurse 2500 Private health center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2610 Injectables outlet 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Tent 2902 VCT center 3000 NGO SECTOR 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Marie Stopes facility 3131 Banja la Mtsogolo (BLM) 3140 Red Cross facility 3150 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3160 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) 3170 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Field worker 3230 Community-based distributor 3300 Country-specific NGO 3301 Amo-Congo 3302 Clinical Services Improvement (CSI) 3303 Malawi AIDS Counselling and Resource Organization (MACRO) 3304 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 3305 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3900 Other NGO 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious outreach 4310 Religious health post 4320 Religious mobile clinic 4330 Religious health worker 4331 Religious field worker 4900 Other religious 5000 UNSPECIFIED MEDICAL SECTOR 5100 Pharmacy/dispensary 5110 Pharmacy 5120 Dispensary 5200 Outreach 5210 Mobile clinic 5220 Health worker 5221 Field worker 5222 Traditional healer 5223 Health educator 5224 Peer educators 5230 Outreach clinic 5900 Other unspecified medical sector 5901 Media campaign 6000 OTHER 6100 Shop/market 6110 Shop 6111 General dealer 6112 Supermarket/tuck shop 6113 Supermarket 6114 Tuck shop 6120 Market 6130 Kiosk 6140 Gas station 6150 Other retail 6200 Church/mosque 6300 Friend/relative 6310 Friend 6320 Relative 6321 Partner 6400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 6410 Bar/nightclub 6411 Bar 6420 Hotel 6500 Workplace 6510 Respondent's workplace 6520 Partner's workplace 6600 Informal channels 6610 Drug vendor 6620 Support group 6630 Women's sittings 6700 Location for adolescents 6710 Youth center 6720 School 6900 Other facility 6901 Refugee camp 6902 Charity/foundation 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCD (V326) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Church, Shop, friends, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Govt Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinic/Pharm For women using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCS (V327) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into a few standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) 1 Salama 2 MSD 3 Dume 4 Rough Rider 5 Familia 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using condoms, FPCONBRANDTZ (V323ATZ) reports the brand name of the condom that the respondent currently uses. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used 4203 Emkit 3112 Triella 2215 TriNovum 2114 Stediril 1241 Rigevidon 1240 Brevinor 1239 Lusiaf 1129 Yasmin 1128 Triquilar 1127 Trinordial 2113 " 1242 NewFem 1000 LOW-DOSE PILLS 1100 International brands 1101 Adepal 1102 Choice 1103 Cilest 1104 Combination-3 1105 Confidence 1106 Diane 1107 Duofem 1108 Eugynon 1109 Famila 28 1110 Femicon 1111 Gracial 1112 Lo-femenal 1113 Logynon 1114 Marvelon 1115 Microgynon 1116 Minidril 1117 Miniphase 1118 Nordette 1119 Norminest 1120 Norquest 1121 Novodol 1122 Oralcon F 1123 Ortho-Novum 1124 Pilplan 1125 Planif 1126 Planyl 1200 Country-specific brands 1201 Nogestol 1202 Desolon 1203 Femipill 1204 Maya 1205 Noret-28 1206 Ovacon 1207 Shuki 1208 Harmonie (PSI) 1209 Varnoline 1210 Microcept 1211 Microvlar 1212 Triocept 1213 Trivolar 1214 Style/Trigestrel 1215 Secure 1216 Microlite 1217 Apsara 1218 Ecroz 1219 Mala-D 1220 Mala-N 1221 Novelon 1222 Ovral L 1223 Pearl 1224 Anteovin 1225 Belara 1226 Gracial 1227 Loestrin 1228 Mawelon 1229 Norimin 1230 Femiplan 1231 Conova 30 1232 Trigynon 1233 OK pills 1234 Sure 1235 Feminyl 1236 Nilocon White 1237 Sunaulo Gulaf 1900 Unspecified low-dose pills 2000 HIGH-DOSE PILLS 2100 International brands 2101 Anovlar 2102 Gynovlar 2103 Lyndiol 2104 Microgynon 30 ED 2105 Milli Anovlar 2106 Neogynon 2107 Neogynon ED 2108 Nordiol 2109 Norquentiel 2110 Ovidon 2111 Ovral 2112 Ovulen 50 2200 Country-specific brands 2201 Combination-5 2202 Lynes 2203 Ovostat 2204 Regumen 2205 Novell-duo 2206 Gynera 2207 Primovlar 2208 Duoluton-L 2209 Ovral G 2210 Progyluton 2211 Gynovlane 2212 Ovanon 2213 Ovidon 2214 Triphasit 2900 Unspecified high-dose pill 3000 PROGESTIN-ONLY PILLS 3100 International brands 3101 Exluton/Lynestrenol 3102 Femulen 3103 Microlut 3104 Micronor 3105 Micronovum 3106 Microval 3107 " 3108 Minovlar 3109 Noriday 3110 Ovrette 3111 Safe Plan 3200 Country-specific brands 3201 Bredicon 3202 Minicon 3203 Levonor 3204 Hyan 3205 I-plan 3206 Primolut N 3207 Cerazette 3208 Planor 3209 Softsure 4000 EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION 4100 International brands 4200 Country-specific brands 4201 Gravistal 4202 Postinor 4900 Unspecified emergency contraception 5000 NON-HORMONAL PILLS 5100 International brands 5200 Country-specific brands 5201 Centron 5202 Saheli 6000 UNSPECIFIED/UNKNOWN PILLS 6100 International brands 6101 Today (sponge) 6200 Country-specific brands 6201 Khoshi 6202 Aco 6203 Cotrablan 6204 Microvior 30 6205 Stero 6206 Blue 6207 Hot 6208 Kamal (foam) 6209 N/M tablets 6210 Nofian 6211 Period oil 6212 Sacharin 6213 Skill 6214 Moti 6215 Subitha 6216 Fingers 6217 Sutura 6218 Menstrogen (injection) 6219 Norvolain 6220 Flexi P 6221 Marutton 6900 Other unspecified/unknown pills 6901 Unspecified private brand 6902 Unspecified public brand 6903 Unspecified social marketing brand 9995 Other 9996 Not able to show 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLBRAND (V323) reports the brand name of the Pill that the respondent currently uses. IPUMS FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention 1 Using modern method 2 Using traditional method 3 Non-user intending to use 4 Does not intend to use 9 NIU (not in universe) 5 Never had sex FPUSINTENT (V364) is a constructed variable drawing on responses to multiple survey questions that divides women into the following categories: those who are currently using a contraceptive method (either modern or traditional); those who are not now using contraception but intend to do so in the future; those who are neither using contraception now nor intend to do so in the future; and (in a minority of samples) those who never had sex. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review FPMETHNOW and FPUSPLAN for additional information on the variables used to construct FPUSINTENT. IPUMS Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future 10 Will use in future 11 Use in next 12 months 12 Use later 20 Unsure about future use 21 Unsure about timing 22 Unsure about use 30 Does not intend to use 40 Never had sex 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPLAN (V362) is a constructed variable based on multiple survey questions that reports, for women not currently using contraception, whether the woman intends to use contraception in the future and, if so, when she intends to begin use (in the next 12 months or later). Women uncertain about future contraceptive use are subdivided into those who are unsure about using a method and those unsure about the timing of planned future use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) 7 50 - 54 years old 1 Less than 25 years old 2 25 - 29 years old 3 30 - 34 years old 4 35 - 39 years old 5 40 - 44 years old 6 45 - 49 years old 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILAGE (V320) reports their age at the time of their sterilization operation. IPUMS Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 or more 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILPAR (V322) reports the parity of the women at the time of their sterilization, top-coded at 5+ children. IPUMS Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Single, before marriage 1 0 - 4 years 2 5 - 9 years 3 10 - 14 years 4 15 - 19 years 5 20 - 24 years 6 25 - 29 years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERMARDUR (V321) reports, in 5-year groups, the women's marital duration at the time of their sterilization. IPUMS Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization 1 Less than 2 years 2 2 - 3 years 3 4 - 5 years 4 6 - 7 years 5 8 - 9 years 6 10 or more years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERYRAGO (V319) reports the number of years since their sterilization operation, using 2-year groups, top-coded at 10+ years. IPUMS Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months 8 Missing 1 Yes No 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPHOMVISITY (V393) indicates whether the woman was visited by a health worker who talked to her about family planning in the 12 months preceding the interview. IPUMS Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months 8 Missing 1 Yes No 9 NIU (not in universe) FPHCVISITY (V394) indicates whether the woman visited a health facility for any reason in the past 12 months. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had visited a health facility in the past year, FPHCTALKFP (V395) indicates whether any staff there talked to them about family planning. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, only once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) FPRADIOHR (V384A) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on the radio in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPRADIOOK (V366A) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on the radio to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTVHR (V384B) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on television in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPTVOK (V366B) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on television to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNEWSHR (V384C) indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages in a newspaper or magazine. IPUMS Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPPOSTHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages on a poster. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPMDRNHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages from a doctor or nurse. The related variable FPHEALTHWKHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages from a health worker or health professional. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPHEALTHWKHR indicates whether the woman has recently heard family planning messages from a health worker or health professional. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCOMMHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages at a community event or meeting. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPPLAYHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages in a live drama, play, or theater performance. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPSIGNHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages on a sign, billboard, mural, or similar medium. IPUMS Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTMAR (V3A08A) indicates whether they reported "not married" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTNOSEX (V3A08B) indicates whether they reported "not having sex" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTINSEX (V3A08C) indicates whether they reported "infrequent sex" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTMENO (V3A08D) indicates whether they reported "menopausal or hysterectomy" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTINF (V3A08E) indicates whether they reported "subfecund or infecund" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTAMEN (V3A08F) indicates whether they reported "postpartum amenorrheic" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTBSTFD (V3A08G) indicates whether they reported "breastfeeding" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTFATE (V3A08H) indicates whether they reported "fatalistic" or "up to God" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPR (V3A08I) indicates whether the respondent herself reported being opposed to use in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPH (V3A08J) indicates whether they reported "husband/partner opposed" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPO (V3A08K) indicates whether they reported "others opposed" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTRELIG (V3A08L) indicates whether they reported "religious prohibition" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTKNO (V3A08M) indicates whether they reported not knowing a method in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSRC (V3A08N) indicates whether they reported not knowing a source in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTHLTH (V3A08O) indicates whether they reported "health concerns" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSIDEF (V3A08P) indicates whether they reported "fear of side effects" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSDHLTH indicates whether they reported "fear of side effects" and/or "health concerns" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTFAR (V3A08Q) indicates whether they reported "lack of access or too far" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTCOST (V3A08R) indicates whether they reported "costs too much" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTCONV (V3A08S) indicates whether they reported "inconvenient to use" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTBODY (V3A08T) indicates whether they reported "interferes with body's normal processes" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOTH (V3A08X) indicates whether they reported some other reason in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know No 1 Yes, does not know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTDK (V3A08Z) indicates whether they reported "don't know" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) reports whether the Pill is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) reports whether the intrauterine device (IUD) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) reports whether injectable contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) reports whether diaphragm or spermicides, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCON (V304A_05) reports whether the male condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPCON (V304A_05) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPFST (V304A_06) reports whether female sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPFST (V304A_06) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPMST (V304A_07) reports whether male sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPMST (V304A_07) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) reports whether the rhythm method (periodic abstinence) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPWD (V304A_09) reports whether withdrawal is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPWD (V304A_09) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPIMP (V304A_11) reports whether the contraceptive implant (such as Norplant) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIMP (V304A_11) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPLAM (V304A_13) reports whether the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. How lactational amenorrhea was characterized varies across samples; see Comparability and Codes. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPLAM (V304A_13) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFC (V304A_14) reports whether the female condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPFC (V304A_14) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFJ (V304A_15) reports whether spermicide, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPFJ (V304A_15) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPEMERG reports whether emergency contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPEMERG and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPOM (V304A_10) reports whether any "other" method reported by the woman is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPOM (V304A_10) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBHOS (V3A00A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public hospital as a source for family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBHC (V3A00B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public health center as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBFW (V3A00E) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "public fieldworker" as a source of family planning. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPRIVFW ("fieldworker" under the private medical sector category). IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVHOS (V3A00J) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a private hospital or clinic as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "private health center" as a source of family planning. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBHC ("health center" under the "Public Sector" header). IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVDRUG (V3A00K) indicates whether they reported, in response to an open-ended question, a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBDRUG and FPNONOTHDRUG, which refer to public drug sources and informal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONBAR indicates whether they reported a bar, nightclub, or hotel as a source of family planning in response to an open-ended question. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONFRND indicates whether they reported, in response to an open-ended question, a friend or relative as a source of family planning. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONSHOP (V3A00S) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a shop as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONOTHER (V3A00X) indicates whether they reported some "other" source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and FPNONPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). This variable includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source No, knows at least one source 1 Yes, knows no source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONDK (V3A00Y) indicates whether they did not know of any source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source No, knows no source 1 Yes, knows at least one source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONANY (V3A00Z) indicates whether they knew any source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public regional hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ1 is combined with FPNONTZ2 (district hospital), and FPNONTZ3 (referral hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ1 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public district hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ2 is combined with FPNONTZ1 (regional hospital), and FPNONTZ3 (referral hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ2 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public referral hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ3 is combined with FPNONTZ1 (regional hospital), and FPNONTZ2 (district hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ3 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ10 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a pharmacy as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ10 is combined with FPNONTZ11 (private dispensary) in FPNONPRIVDRUG for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ10 are encouraged to review FPNONPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ11 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "private dispensary" as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ11 is combined with FPNONTZ10 (private pharmacy) in FPNONPRIVDRUG for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ11 are encouraged to review FPNONPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDSHEARD (V751) indicates whether the woman has heard of AIDS. IPUMS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDHEALTHY (V756) indicates whether the woman thinks it is possible for a healthy-looking person to have HIV/AIDS. IPUMS Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes, keep it a secret No AIDFAMSECRET (V777) indicates whether the woman would want an HIV/AIDS infection in her family to remain a secret. IPUMS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS No 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes AIDCAREREL (V778) indicates whether the woman would be willing to care for a relative with AIDS in her own household. IPUMS Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDLETTCHF (V779) indicates whether the woman thinks a female teacher with HIV/AIDS should be allowed to continue teaching. See Comparability. IPUMS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETVENDOR (V825) indicates whether the woman would buy vegetables from a vendor with HIV/AIDS. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDGETWITCH (V823) indicates whether the woman believes AIDS can be contracted through witchcraft or supernatural means. Not all surveys specifically use the term "witchcraft" in the question. See Comparability. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETBITE (V754JP) indicates whether, in response to a yes/no question, the respondent believes that AIDS can be transmitted through mosquito bites. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in AIDTHRUBITE, which indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the respondent stated that AIDS can be transmitted through mosquito bites. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDGETFOOD (V754WP) indicates whether the woman believes AIDS can be transmitted through sharing food (or dining utensils) with an infected person. IPUMS Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AID1PARLOWRYN (V754DP) indicates whether the woman believes having sex with only one partner who has no other sex partners reduces the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. For a similar variable asked as an open-ended question, see AID1PARLOWR (V754D). IPUMS Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDCONLOWRYN (V754CP) indicates whether the woman believes using a condom during sex reduces risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. For a similar variable asked as an open-ended question, see AIDCONLOWR (V754C). IPUMS Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDKNOPREGDRG (V824) indicates whether the woman knows of medicine that helps prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS from mother to child during pregnancy. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANDELIV (V774B) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during delivery as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no question format, some surveys used an open-ended question instead. See Comparability. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANFEED (V774C) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during breastfeeding as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no format, some surveys used an open-ended question instead. See Comparability. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANPREG (V774A) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during pregnancy as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no question format, some surveys used an open-ended question. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don’t know AIDTESTEV (V781) indicates whether the respondent has ever been tested for HIV/AIDS. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDANTALK (V838A) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given information during antenatal care about HIV transmission from mother to child. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDANTALKPREV (V838B) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given any information during antenatal care about things to do to prevent getting the AIDS virus. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTANTALK (V838C) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given information during antenatal care about getting tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTANOFFER (V839) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) were offered a test for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care. IPUMS Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don't know AIDTANCARE (V840) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care. IPUMS Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No AIDTANGOTRES (V841) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) and were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care received the results of that test. IPUMS Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 Military hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Community health center 1220 Urban health center 1230 Rural health center 1240 Integrated health center 1250 Ambulatory treatment center 1260 Category I health center 1270 Category II health center 1280 Primary health center 1300 Government STI or HIV/AIDS center 1310 Government VCT center 1311 Government stand-alone VCT center 1312 Government mobile VCT/survey team 1320 Government screening center 1330 National AIDS Control Program (NACP) 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government outreach 1510 Government mobile clinic 1520 Government health post 1530 Government health worker 1531 Field worker 1532 Community health worker 1533 Trained government health worker 1534 Health surveillance assistant 1535 Door-to-door 1600 Government maternity home 1610 Prevention of vertical transmission (PVT) 1620 Rural maternity home 1700 Government school-based facility 1710 School clinic 1720 School dispensary 1730 Youth center 1800 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Blood donation center 1902 Health home 1903 Health clinic/polyclinic 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic or doctor 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private doctor/clinic 2130 Private polyclinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2300 Private STI or HIV/AIDS center 2310 Private VCT center 2311 Private stand-alone VCT center 2312 Private mobile VCT/survey team 2313 New Start center 2320 HIV/AIDS treatment center 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2522 Private field worker 2600 Private outreach 2610 Private mobile clinic 2620 Private health worker 2621 Private community health worker 2700 Private maternity home 2800 Private school-based facility 2810 School clinic 2820 School dispensary 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Private laboratory 2902 Private blood transfusion services 2903 Private youth center 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 International Red Cross 3120 Marie Stopes International 3130 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 BLM 3302 MACRO 3303 TASO 3304 AIC 3305 AMASOT (Chad) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS 4100 Religious hospital 4110 Referral/specialty hospital 4120 District hospital 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious outreach 4410 Religious health post 4420 Religious mobile clinic 4430 Religious door-to-door 4900 Other religious 5000 OTHER 5001 Home 5002 Workplace 5003 Correctional facility 5004 Fieldworker 5005 Friend/relative 5006 Military base 5007 Community support group 5008 Bar 5009 Church 5010 Shop 5011 Community pharmacy/health center 9000 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who recently gave birth and were tested for the HIV/AIDS virus as part of their antenatal care, AIDTLASTANTE (V842) indicates where they took the test. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. IPUMS Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTSINCEAN (V843) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) and were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care had been tested again since then. IPUMS Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who had been tested for the AIDS virus, AIDLTGOTRES indicates whether they received the result of their last AIDS test. IPUMS Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken 4900 Other religious 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Ambulatory treatment center 1270 Category I health center 1280 Category II health center 1290 Primary health center 1300 Government STI or HIV/AIDS center 1310 Government VCT center 1311 Government stand-alone VCT center 1312 Government mobile VCT/survey team 1320 Government screening center 1330 STI clinic 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government outreach 1510 Government mobile clinic 1520 Government health post 1530 Government health worker 1531 Field worker 1532 Community health worker 1533 Trained government health worker 1534 Health surveillance assistant 1535 Door-to-door 1540 Government outreach clinic 1541 Primary health care outreach clinic 1600 Government maternity home 1700 Government school-based clinic/dispensary 1800 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Blood donation center 1902 Government laboratory 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic or doctor 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private doctor/clinic 2130 Private polyclinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2300 Private STI or HIV/AIDS center 2310 Private VCT center 2311 Private stand-alone VCT center 2312 Private mobile VCT/survey team 2313 New Start center 2320 HIV/AIDS treatment center 2330 STI clinic 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2600 Private outreach 2610 Private mobile clinic 2620 Private health worker 2621 Private community health worker 2522 Private field worker 2700 Private maternity home 2800 Private school-based clinic/dispensary 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Private laboratory 2902 Private blood transfusion services 2903 Private youth center 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 International Red Cross 3120 Marie Stopes International 3200 NGO health worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 BLM 3302 MACRO 3303 TASO 3304 AIC 3305 Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA) 3306 International Nepal Fellowship (INF) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS 4100 Religious hospital 4110 Referral/specialty hospital 4120 District hospital 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious outreach 4410 Religious health post 4420 Religious mobile clinic 4430 Religious door-to-door 5000 OTHER 5001 Home 5002 School 5003 Workplace 5004 Correctional facility 5005 Fieldworker 5006 Friend/relative 5007 Military base 5008 Community support group 9000 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1521 Sub-center or sub-post 1903 Government health home 2530 Private health post 2904 Private diagnostic clinic 3130 Population Services International (PSI) 5009 Church 5010 Shop 1170 Military hospital 1340 National AIDS Control Program (NACP) 1610 Rural maternity home 1904 Government health clinic 1905 Polyclinic 2410 Private health center 2420 Corporate health center 3307 AMASOT (Chad) 5011 Community pharmacy/health center 5012 Community VCT For women ever been tested for HIV/AIDS, ATLWHERE (V829) reports where the woman's last HIV/AIDS test was taken. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 3 2 years or more ago 2 12-23 months ago 1 Less than 12 months ago 7 Don't know For women who had been tested for the AIDS virus, AIDLTWHEN (V826) reports the time since their last AIDS test in grouped months or years. IPUMS Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No HPLCAIDSTEST (V783) indicates whether the woman knew a place to get tested for the AIDS virus, based on a yes/no question. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital No 1 Yes 6 Responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHOS (V784A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public hospital as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined in ATPUBHOS to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHC (V784B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health center as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined in ATPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBFW (V784F) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private field worker as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable such as ATPUBFW while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish ATPUBFW from ATPRIVFW (private fieldworker). IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public formal, drug source as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish ATPUBDRUG from ATPRIVDRUG, which indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary or pharmacy as a source for AIDS testing. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHP indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health post as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVHOS (V784K) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private hospital, clinic, or doctor as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVVCT (V784L) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable such as ATPRIVVCT while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVDRUG (V784M) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined in ATPRIVDRUG to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVHC indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the woman reported a private health center as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from ATPUBHC (public health center). IPUMS Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATNGO indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a non-governmental organization (NGO) as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined in ATNGO to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATOTHER (V784X) indicates whether the woman reported some other place to be tested for the AIDS virus. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific places for AIDS testing included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from ATPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and ATPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). ATOTHER includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public referral/specialist hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ1 is combined with ATTZ2 (public regional hospital), and ATTZ3 (public district hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ1 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ2 is combined with ATTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital), and ATTZ3 (public district hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. For the 1996 Tanzania sample, ATTZ2 is combined with ATTZ3 in ATPUBHOS. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ2 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ3 is combined with ATTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital), and ATTZ2 (public regional hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. For the 1996 Tanzanian sample, ATTZ3 is combined with ATTZ2 in ATPUBHOS. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ3 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ5 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ5 is combined with ATTZ6 (private dispensary) in ATPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ5 are encouraged to review ATPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ6 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ6 is combined with ATTZ5 (private pharmacy) in ATPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ6 are encouraged to review ATPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse 154 54 days 153 53 days 152 52 days 151 51 days 150 50 days 149 49 days 148 48 days 147 47 days 146 46 days 145 45 days 144 44 days 143 43 days 142 42 days 141 41 days 140 40 days 139 39 days 138 38 days 137 37 days 136 36 days 135 35 days 134 34 days 133 33 days 132 32 days 131 31 days 130 30 days 129 29 days 128 28 days 127 27 days 126 26 days 125 25 days 124 24 days 123 23 days 122 22 days 121 21 days 120 20 days 119 19 days 118 18 days 117 17 days 116 16 days 115 15 days 114 14 days 113 13 days 112 12 days 111 11 days 110 10 days 109 9 days 108 8 days 107 7 days 106 6 days 105 5 days 104 4 days 103 3 days 102 2 days 101 1 day 100 Less than 1 day ago 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 Days, number inconsistent 199 Days, number missing 200 WEEKS 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 298 Weeks, inconsistent 299 Weeks, number missing 300 MONTHS 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 Months, inconsistent 399 Months, number missing 400 YEARS 401 1 year 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 448 48 years 449 49 years 450 50+ years 499 Years, number missing 993 With former husband 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 446 46 years 447 47 years TIMESINCESEX (V527) reports how many days, weeks, months or years had passed since the woman had sexual intercourse with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31+ days 92 Not married/no regular partner 93 Within last 4 weeks 94 Before last birth 95 With former husband 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXD (V528) reports the number of days that have passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. Durations of more than 30 days are grouped into "31+." If the respondent reported having sexual intercourse in the last 4 weeks but replied that her last sexual intercourse was one month before the interview (in TIMESINCESEX (V527), this response is recoded to "30" in TIMESINCESEXD. In all other cases, a response of "One month" in TIMESINCESEX is coded as "31+." IPUMS Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) 000 Less than 1 month 993 No partner 994 With former husband 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXM (V529) reports the computed time (in months) since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. This variable's value is computed from the responses in TIMESINCESEX (V527), with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth recoded as "Before last birth." IPUMS Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) 00 No flag 01 Duration greater than time since last birth and did not report pp abstinence 02 Duration plus abstinence after last birth greater than time since last birth 03 Reported, but did not resume sex after last birth 04 Before last birth, but no births 05 Before last birth, but currently pregnant 06 Before last birth, but resumed sex after last birth 07 Reported but before last pregnancy 08 Reported but inconsistent with times had sex in past 4 weeks 09 Reported but before last birth 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXFLAG (V530) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the time that has passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse (in TIMESINCESEXM (V529)). Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Duration reported is greater than the interval since the last birth, and the respondent did not say in the maternity section (PPABSTAINNOW (V406)) that she is still abstaining from sexual relations since her last birth 2 = Duration reported plus the duration of abstinence after the last birth (PPABMO_01 (M8_1)) is greater than the interval since the last birth 3 = Duration reported, but the respondent has not resumed sexual intercourse since the last birth 4 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she has never given birth 5 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she was currently pregnant (PREGNANT (V213). 6 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she reported in the maternity section that she had resumed sexual intercourse after her last birth 7 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this would place her last intercourse before her last pregnancy 8 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this response was inconsistent with her response concerning the number of times she had sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks preceding the survey (SX4WKX (V526)) 9 = Duration reported, but would place her last sexual intercourse before her last birth IPUMS Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner 100 Less than 1 day ago 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 190 190 199 Days: number missing 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 299 Weeks: number missing 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 399 Months: number missing 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 499 Years: Number missing 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the last 12 months, SXTIMETOPAR2 (V832B) indicates how many days, weeks, or months had passed since she had intercourse with her second most recent sex partner. For data on the most recent partner, see TIMESINCESEX (V527). IPUMS Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner 100 Less than 1 day ago 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 190 190 199 Days: number missing 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 299 Weeks: number missing 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 399 Months: number missing 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 499 Years: Number missing 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't Know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse with more than two partners in the last 12 months, SXTIMETOPAR3 (V832C) indicates how many days, weeks, or months had passed since she had intercourse with her third most recent sex partner. IPUMS Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ SXPARYRNO (V766B) reports the number of sex partners the woman had in the past 12 months, including her spouse. IPUMS Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPARYRNO2 (V766A) reports the number of sex partners the woman had in the past 12 months, excluding her spouse. IPUMS Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Never had intercourse 1 Sexually active in last 4 weeks 2 Not active in last 4 weeks (postpartum abs.) 3 Not active in last 4 weeks (not postpartum abs.) 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SEXACTIV4WK (V536) reports the respondent's recent sexual activity (never had intercourse, sexually active in the last 4 weeks, not active in the last 4 weeks because of postpartum abstinence, or not active in the last 4 weeks because of something other than postpartum abstinence). IPUMS Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) 00 Less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 95 Before last birth 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) DURABST (V537) reports the duration of the respondent's abstinence (in months). This time interval includes postpartum and non-postpartum abstinence. IPUMS Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/Not sure/Depends 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SXCANREFUSE (V850A) indicates whether the woman can refuse to have sex with her husband or partner. IPUMS Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR1NO (V853A) reports how many times the woman had sex with her most recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR2NO (V853B) reports the number of times women had sex with their second-most-recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR3NO (V853C) reports the number of times women had sex with their third-most-recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse 62 Formerly married/no partner 32 Someone just met SXPAR1REL (V767A) reports the woman's relationship to her most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse SXPAR2REL (V767B) reports the woman's relationship to her second most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse SXPAR3REL (V767C) reports the woman's relationship to her third most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 450 450 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 996 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR1TIMKNO (V768A) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her most recent sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 997 Don't know For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR2TIMKNO (V768B) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her second most recent sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 450 450 451 451 452 452 453 453 454 454 455 455 456 456 457 457 458 458 459 459 460 460 461 461 462 462 463 463 464 464 465 465 466 466 467 467 468 468 469 469 470 470 471 471 472 472 473 473 474 474 475 475 476 476 477 477 478 478 479 479 480 480 481 481 482 482 483 483 484 484 485 485 486 486 487 487 488 488 489 489 490 490 491 491 492 492 493 493 494 494 495 495 496 496 497 497 498 498 499 499 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 997 Don't know For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR3TIMKNO (V768C) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her third most recent sex partner. IPUMS Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse 00 Not had intercourse 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 94 Refused to respond 95 At first union 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEX (V525) indicates the woman's self-reported age for the first time she had sexual intercourse. IPUMS Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) 00 Not had sex 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 95 Refused to respond 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEXIMP (V531) reports the respondent's age at first sexual intercourse. This variable is the same as AGE1STSEX (V525), except for women who reported their first sexual intercourse was at the time of their union. For these women, the age at first sex is taken from the age at first union. In cases where the age at first sex was inconsistent with the age at conception of the first child, but only by one year, the age at first sex was reduced by one year. IPUMS Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse No flag 1 After interview 2 After conception by 1 year or more 3 After conception by less than 1 year 4 At marriage, but never married 5 At marriage, but after conception 6 After marriage AGE1STSEXFLAG (V532) is a flag variable reporting the type of inconsistency found when editing responses about when the respondent first had sexual intercourse. Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Respondent reported age at first sexual intercourse that exceeds her current age (AGE (V012)) 2 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring more than one year after the conception of her first child 3 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring up to one year after the conception of her first child 4 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but the respondent was never married (EVERMARRIED (V535)) 5 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but her first marriage occurred after the conception of her first child 6 = Respondent reported her first sexual intercourse as being some time after her first marriage IPUMS Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 00 SXPARLIFENO (V836) reports the woman's lifetime total number of sex partners. IPUMS When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) NOSEXSTD (V633A) indicates whether the woman believes a wife is justified in refusing to have sex with her husband if she knows he has a sexually transmittable infection. IPUMS Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONASKIFSTI (V822) indicates whether the woman believes a wife is justified in asking her husband to use a condom if he has an infection or disease that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. IPUMS Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/not sure/depends 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONASKPAR (V850B) indicates whether the woman can ask her husband or cohabiting partner to use a condom. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR1 (V833A) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR2 (V833B) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her second most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR3 (V833C) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her third most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN1 (V761) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN2 (V761B) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her second most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN3 (V761C) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her third most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONFCAN (V769A) indicates whether the woman can get a female condom for herself. IPUMS Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONMCAN (V769) indicates whether the woman can get a male condom for herself. IPUMS Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom No, respondent knows a source 1 Yes, do not know a source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMDK (V762AZ) indicates whether the woman did not know a source to obtain male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBHOS (V762AA) indicates whether the woman reported a "government hospital" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPUBHOS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBHC (V762AB) indicates whether the woman reported a public health center or health post as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCMPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. Due to variability in response category wording, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBFW (V762AE) indicates whether the woman reported a public fieldworker as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public field workers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPUBFW. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBDRUG indicates whether the woman reported a public dispensary or pharmacy as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVHOS (V762AJ) indicates whether the woman reported a "private hospital/clinic" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private hospitals/clinics that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVHOS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVDRUG (V762AK) indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVDRUG. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVMIS indicates whether the woman reported a faith-based health facility as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVMIS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMNGO indicates whether the woman reported an "NGO," or non-governmental organization, as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. HCMNGO is concerned with whether the woman reported any NGO as a source for male condoms. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMSHOP (V762AS) indicates whether the woman reported a "shop" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMSHOP. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMFRND (V762AU) indicates whether the woman reported "friends, acquaintances or relatives" as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) 9 NIU (not in universe) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMBAR indicates whether the woman reported a bar as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMOTHER (V762AX) indicates whether the woman reported some other (non-public or not private medical sector) facility as a source for male condoms. The meaning of "other" depends on the sources for male condoms specified in a given sample. See HCMPUBOTH (other public medical sector) and HCMPRIVOTH (other private medical sector) for similar variables. IPUMS Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom No, knows a source 1 Yes, don't know source for female condoms 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFDK (V762BZ) indicates whether the woman did not know a source to obtain female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBHOS (V762BA) indicates whether the woman reported a public hospital as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPUBHOS. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBHC (V762BB) indicates whether the woman reported a public health center or post as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCFPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See the Comparability section and Survey Text tab for more details. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFPUBFW (V762BE) indicates whether the woman reported a "public field worker" or "community-based distributor" as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCFPUBFW, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBDRUG (V762BG) indicates whether the woman reported a public dispensary as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVHOS (V762BJ) indicates whether the woman reported a private hospital or clinic as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVDRUG (V762BK) indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPRIVDRUG. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVMIS indicates whether the woman reported a mission or religious health facility as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPRIVMIS. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFNGO indicates whether the woman reported an "NGO," or non-governmental organization, as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. HCFNGO is concerned with whether the woman reported any NGO as a source for female condoms. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included for countries of interest. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFSHOP (V762BS) indicates whether the woman reported a "shop" as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFSHOP. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFFRND (V762BU) indicates whether the woman reported "friends or relatives" as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFBAR indicates whether the woman reported a bar as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFOTHER (V762BX) indicates whether the woman reported some other (non-public or not private medical sector) place as a source for female condoms. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific sources for female condoms identified in a given sample. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ1 indicates whether the woman reported a religious referral hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ1 is combined with HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), HCMTZ3 (religious health center), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ1 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ2 indicates whether the woman reported a religious district hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ2 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ3 (religious health center), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ2 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ3 indicates whether the woman reported a religious health center as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ3 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ3 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ4 indicates whether the woman reported a religious dispensary as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ4 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCMTZ3 (religious health center) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ4 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ5 indicates whether the woman reported a public referral hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ5 is combined with HCMTZ6 (public regional hospital) and HCMTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ5 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMTZ6 indicates whether the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ6 is combined with HCMTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCMTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCMTZ6 is combined with HCMTZ7 in HCMPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ6 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMTZ7 indicates whether the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ7 is combined with HCMTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCMTZ6 (public regional hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCMTZ7 is combined with HCMTZ6 in HCMPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ7 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ8 indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ8 is combined with HCMTZ9 (private dispensary) in HCMPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ8 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ9 indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ9 is combined with HCMTZ8 (private pharmacy) in HCMPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ9 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ1 indicates whether the woman reported a religious referral hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ1 is combined with HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), HCFTZ3 (religious health center), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ1 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ2 indicates whether the woman reported a religious district hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ2 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ3 (religious health center), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ2 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ3 indicates whether the woman reported a religious health center as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ3 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ3 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ4 indicates whether the woman reported a religious dispensary as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ4 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCFTZ3 (religious health center) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ4 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ5 indicates whether the woman reported a public referral hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ5 is combined with HCFTZ6 (public regional hospital) and HCFTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ5 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ6 indicates whether the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ6 is combined with HCFTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCFTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCFTZ6 is combined with HCFTZ7 in HCFPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ6 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ7 indicates whether the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ7 is combined with HCFTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCFTZ6 (public regional hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCFTZ7 is combined with HCFTZ6 in HCFPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ7 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ8 indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ8 is combined with HCFTZ9 (private dispensary) in HCFPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ8 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ9 indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ9 is combined with HCFTZ8 (private pharmacy) in HCFPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ9 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIHEARD (V750) indicates whether the woman had heard of AIDS or any other sexually transmitted infection (STI). For a variable that indicates whether the respondent had heard of STIs other than AIDS, see STIHEARDOTH (V785). For a variable that indicates whether the respondent had heard of AIDS specifically, see AIDSHEARD (V751). IPUMS Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No STIHEARDOTH (V785) indicates whether the woman has heard of any sexually transmitted infection other than AIDS. For a variable that records whether the respondent has heard of AIDS or any other STIs, see STIHEARD (V750). IPUMS Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIANYR (V763A) indicates whether the woman had any sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months. How this information was collected changed over time. See Comparability. IPUMS Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIDISCHGYR (V763C) indicates whether the woman had any bad smelling abnormal genital discharge in the last 12 months. IPUMS Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STISOREYR (V763B) indicates whether the woman had a sore or genital ulcer in the last 12 months. IPUMS Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who had a sexually-transmitted infection (STI), abnormal genital discharge, or genital sore/ulcer in the past 12 months, STIADVICE (V770) indicates whether they sought advice or treatment for this problem. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHOS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they repeated seeking advice or treatment from a public hospital for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPUBHOS. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public hospital for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPUBHC. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBFW indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public fieldworker for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPRIVFW (private fieldworker). IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public dispensary or pharmacy for this problem. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADOTHDRUG and STIADPRIVDRUG, which refer to other, informal drug sources and private, formal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHP indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public health post for this problem. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADHPDISP, a standard variable indicating whether the woman sought advice from a health post or a dispensary. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVHOS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private hospital, clinic, or doctor for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVVCT indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from private voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center for this problem. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPUBVCT (public VCT center). IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPRIVDRUG. Users should be careful to distinguish STIADPRIVDRUG from STIADOTHDRUG and STIADPUBDRUG, which refer to other, informal drug sources and public, formal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVMIS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a faith-based health facility for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPRIVMIS. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private health center for this problem. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADNGO indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a non-governmental organization (NGO) for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADOTHER indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from some "other" source for this problem. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and STIADPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). STIADOTHER includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public referral/specialist hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ1 is combined with STIADTZ2 (public regional hospital) and STIADTZ3 (public district hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ1 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public regional hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ2 is combined with STIADTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital) and STIADTZ3 (public district hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ2 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public district hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ3 is combined with STIADTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital) and STIADTZ2 (public regional hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ3 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ4 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious referral/specialist hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ4 is combined with STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), STIADTZ6 (religious health center), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ4 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ5 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious district hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ5 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ6 (religious health center), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ5 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ6 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious health center for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ6 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ6 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ7 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious dispensary for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ7 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), and STIADTZ6 (religious health center) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ7 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ8 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private pharmacy for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ8 is combined with STIADTZ9 (private dispensary) in STIADPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ8 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ9 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private dispensary for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ9 is combined with STIADTZ8 (private pharmacy) in STIADPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ9 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVAARGUE (V744C) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she argues with him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVABURNFOOD (V744E) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she burns the food. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DVAGOOUT (V744A) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she goes out without telling him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVAIFNOSEX (V744D) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she refuses to have sex with him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVANEGKID (V744B) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she neglects the children. IPUMS Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESHUSB (V812) indicates whether the woman's husband or partner was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESOMALE (V813) indicates whether a male who is not the woman's husband or partner was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DVAPRESOFEM (V814) indicates whether another female was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESKIDS (V811) indicates whether any children under the age of ten were present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, accuses her of unfaithfulness 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCCHEAT (D101B) indicates whether their husband frequently accused them of being unfaithful. IPUMS Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, limits contact with her family 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCFAMILY (D101D) indicates whether their husband tried to limit their contact with family. IPUMS Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, jealous if she talks to men 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCJEALOUS (D101A) indicates whether their husband was jealous or angry when they talked to other men. IPUMS Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, insists on knowing where she is 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCLOCATION (D101E) indicates whether their husband insisted on knowing where they were at all times. IPUMS Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, doesn't let her meet girlfriends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCMEETFRND (D101C) indicates whether their husband did not allow them to meet their female friends. IPUMS Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, husband doesn't trust her with money 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCMONEY (D101F) indicates whether their husband didn't trust them with money. IPUMS Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCTOTAL (D102) reports the total number of control issues exhibited by their husband. Control issues include jealousy, limitations on contact with family and friends, accusations of cheating, insistence upon always knowing a woman's location, and, often, distrust with money. IPUMS Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEEVER (D104) indicates whether they ever experienced any emotional violence from their husband/partner. Emotional violence includes humiliation, insults, and threats of harm. IPUMS Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEHUMIL (D103A) indicates whether their husband/partner had ever said or done something to humiliate them in front of others. IPUMS Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation 00 Not humiliated 10 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 20 Yes, ever humiliated, know frequency 21 Often during last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 23 Yes, but not at all in the last 12 months 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEHUMILFQ reports how often their husband/partner said or did something to humiliate them in front of others in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEINSULT (D103C) indicates whether their husband/partner ever insulted them or made them feel bad about themselves. IPUMS Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 23 Not at all in last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 21 Often during last 12 months 20 Yes, ever insulted 10 Yes, but timing and frequency unknown 00 Not insulted/made feel bad For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEINSULTFQ reports how often the female respondent's husband/partner had insulted her or made her feel bad about herself in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVETHREAT (D103B) indicates whether their husband/partner ever threatened to hurt them or harm someone close to them. IPUMS Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 23 Yes, but not at all in last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 21 Often during last 12 months 20 Yes, ever threatened 10 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 00 Not threatened For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married, DVETHREATFQ reports how often the respondent's husband/partner had threatened to hurt or harm her or someone close to her in the past 12 months. IPUMS Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother No, father did not hit mother 1 Yes, father hit mother 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVPAHITMA (D121) indicates whether the woman's father ever beat her mother. IPUMS Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUSH (D105A) indicates whether her husband/partner ever pushed her, shook her, or threw something at her. IPUMS Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever pushed or shaken 00 Not pushed or shaken For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUSHFQ reports how often the woman had been pushed, shaken, or had something thrown at her by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSLAP (D105B) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever slapped her. IPUMS Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever slapped 00 Not ever slapped For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSLAPFQ reports how often the woman was slapped by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPTWIST (D105J) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair. IPUMS Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever arm twisted or hair pulled 00 Never had arm twisted or hair pulled For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPTWISTFQ reports how often the woman's arm was twisted or her hair was pulled by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUNCH (D105C) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever punched her with a fist or with something that could hurt her. IPUMS Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever punched, know frequency 00 Not punched For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUNCHFQ reports how often the woman was punched by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and ever married or lived with a man, DVPCHOKE (D105E) indicates whether the husband/partner ever tried to strangle or burn her on purpose. IPUMS Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn 00 Not attempted 10 Yes, husband ever tried to strangle or burn 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPCHOKEFQ reports how often the woman's husband/partner attempted to strangle or burn her in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKICK (D105D) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner had ever kicked her, dragged her, or beaten her up. IPUMS Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged 00 Not kicked or dragged 10 Yes, ever kicked or dragged 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKICKFQ reports how often the woman was kicked or dragged by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKNFTHUSE (D105F) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever threatened or attacked her with a knife, gun, or other weapon. IPUMS First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50+ 95 Before union 96 After separation/divorce 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVP1STTIME (D109) reports how long after marriage/cohabitation the abuse first happened. IPUMS Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPMSEVER (D107) indicates whether the woman ever experienced "more severe" violence from her husband/partner. The specific acts that are considered "more severe" vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. The complementary variable DVPLSEVER indicates a woman's experience with "less severe" violence from a husband or partner. IPUMS Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPLSEVER (D106) indicates whether the woman ever experienced "less severe" violence from her husband/partner. The specific acts that are considered "less severe" vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. The complementary variable DVPMSEVER indicates the woman's experience with "more severe" violence from a husband or partner. IPUMS Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRBRUISE (D110A) indicates whether the woman ever had bruises or aches because of her husband/partner's actions. IPUMS Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRINJURY (D110B) indicates whether, because of her husband's/partner's actions, the woman ever suffered some "other" injury not covered by the complementary variable DVRSERINJURY (D110D). The particular injuries covered by DVRINJURY vary across samples. Please consult the "Comparability" tab for more information. IPUMS Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRSERINJURY (D110D) indicates whether the woman ever suffered serious injury--such as deep wounds, broken bones, or broken teeth--because of her husband/partner's actions. IPUMS Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRANY (D111) indicates whether the woman ever had any physical results of her husband/partner's actions. The specific results vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. IPUMS Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEX (D105H) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever physically forced her to have sexual intercourse even when she did not want to. IPUMS Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex 00 Not physically forced sexually 10 Yes, ever forced sexually 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXFQ reports how often the woman was forced to have sexual intercourse by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXOTH (D105I) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever forced her to perform any sexual acts she did not want to. IPUMS Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act 00 Not physically forced other sex act 10 Yes, ever forced other sex act 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXOTHFQ reports how often the woman was forced to perform sex acts by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXEVER (D108) indicates whether the woman ever experienced any sexual violence from her husband/partner. IPUMS Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVDRINKS (D113) indicates whether their husband/partner drank alcohol. IPUMS Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had a husband/partner who drank alcohol, DVDRINKSFQ (D114) reports how often their husband/partner got drunk. IPUMS Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVHITHUSB (D112) indicates whether they ever physically hurt their husband/partner. IPUMS How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband Not at all 1 Sometimes 2 Often 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 3 Yes, but frequency and timing unknown For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and ever physically hurt their husband/partner, DVHITHUSBFQ (D112A) reports how often she physically hurt him in the past 12 months. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVINTERRHUS (D122A) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of the female respondent's husband/partner. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVINTERRMALE (D122B) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of an adult male other than the woman's own husband/partner. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DVINTERRFEM (D122C) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of another adult female. IPUMS First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted 1 Wanted 2 Forced 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DV1SEXFORCED (D123) indicates whether the respondent's first sexual intercourse was wanted or forced. IPUMS Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity 10 Husband/partner/boyfriend 11 Current husband/partner 12 Former husband/partner 13 Current/former boyfriend 20 Parent 21 Father 22 Father or step-father 23 Step-father 24 Father-in-law 30 Relative other than parent 31 Brother 32 Brother/step brother 33 Step-brother 34 In-law, unspecified 35 Grandfather 36 Other relative, unspecified 40 Friend 41 Own friend/acquaintance 42 Family friend 50 Other role 51 Teacher 52 Employer/someone at work 53 Neighbor 54 Police/soldier 55 Priest/religious leader 56 Stranger 57 Landlord 90 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been forced sexually, DV1SEXACTWHO (D127) reports who forced them to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts the first time. IPUMS Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 97 Don’t know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been forced sexually, DV1SEXACTAGE (D126) reports the respondent's age at the time they were first forced to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts. IPUMS Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months No 1 Yes 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVSEXFORCYR (D124) indicates whether anyone other than her husband or partner had forced the woman to have sexual intercourse in the past 12 months. IPUMS Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts No 1 Yes 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVSEXACTSEV (D125) indicates whether anyone had ever forced the woman in any way to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person No, not hurt during pregnancy 1 Yes, physically hurt by anyone during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGANY (D118Y) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by anyone during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband No 1 Yes, physically hurt by husband during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGHUSB (D118A) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current husband or partner during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former partner during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGEXPART (D118J) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former husband/partner during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by current boyfriend during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBFNOW (D118K) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current boyfriend during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former boyfriend during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBFEX (D118L) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former boyfriend during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother or step-mother during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGMABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother or step-mother during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother-in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGMALAW (D118O) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother-in-law during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father or step-father during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father or step-father during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father-in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPALAW (D118P) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father-in-law during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister No 1 Yes, physically hurt by sister or brother during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGSIBL (D118F) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their sister or brother during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son No 1 Yes, physically hurt by daughter or son during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGCHILD (D118D) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their daughter or son during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other relative during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTHFAM (D118G) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other relative during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" relative depends on the types of relatives specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTHLAW (D118Q) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other in-law during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in-law depends on the categories of in-laws specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer No 1 Yes, physically hurt by employer during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBOSS (D118W) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their employer during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police No 1 Yes, physically hurt by police during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPOL (D118XE) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a police officer or soldier during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher No 1 Yes, physically hurt by teacher during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGTCH (D118V) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a teacher (gender unspecified) during a pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other person during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTH (D118X) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other person during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Refused / no response 1 Yes, physically hurt by someone else No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOANY (D115Y) indicates whether anyone other than the woman's husband/partner had slapped, hit, kicked, or otherwise physically hurt her since age 15. IPUMS Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months 00 Not at all 10 Does occur 11 Seldom/once 12 Sometimes 13 Often 96 Widowed/separated/divorced, no info 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were physically attacked by someone other than their husband/partner since age 15, DVOFQ (D117A) reports the frequency of such attacks in the past 12 months. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former partner 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOEXPART (D115J) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former, but not most recent, husband/partner since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by current boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBFNOW (D115K) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current boyfriend since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBFPAST (D115L) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former boyfriend since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother or step-mother 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOMABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother or stepmother since age 15. Some samples separate "mother" and "step-mother" responses in this series. For a variable that includes only "mother" responses for this series, see DVOMA (D115B). For a variable that only includes "step-mother" responses for this series, see DVOMASTEP (D115M). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother-in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOMALAW (D115B) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother-in-law since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father or step-father 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father or stepfather since age 15. Some samples separate "father" and "step-father" responses in this series. For a variable that includes only "father" responses for this series, see DVOPA (D115C). For a variable that only includes "step-father" responses for this series, see DVOPASTEP (D115N). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father-in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPALAW (D115P) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father-in-law since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister No 1 Yes, physically hurt by sister or brother 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOSIBL (D115F) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their brother or sister since age 15. For samples with this series that separate brother and sister responses, see variables DVOBRO and DVOSIS. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son No 1 Yes, physically hurt by daughter or son 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOCHILD (D115D) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their daughter or son since age 15. For samples with this series that separate whether the respondent was hurt by their daughter or son, see variables DVODAU and DVOSON (D115E). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other relative 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTHFAM (D115G) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other relative since age 15. The meaning of "other" relative depends on the categories of relatives specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTHLAW (D115Q) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other in-law since age 15. The meaning of "other" in-law depends on the types of in-laws specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work No 1 Yes, physically hurt by employer or someone at work 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBOSS (D115W) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their employer or someone at work since age 15. The related variables DVOBOSSM and DVOBOSSF address physical abuse from a male and female employer, respectively. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPOL (D115XE) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a police officer or soldier since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTCH (D115V) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a teacher (gender unspecified) since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOOTH (D115X) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other person since age 15. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one No, did not seek help from anyone 1 Yes, sought help from someone 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHANY (D119Y) indicates whether they sought help from anyone to stop such abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner No 1 Yes, sought help from current/former husband/partner 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHHUSPART (D119J) indicates whether they sought help from their current/last/late husband or partner to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend No 1 Yes, sought help from current/former boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHBF (D119K) indicates whether they sought help from their boyfriend to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family No 1 Yes, sought help from own family 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFAMOWN (D119H) indicates whether they sought help from their own family to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family No 1 Yes, sought help from partner's family 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFAMPART (D119I) indicates whether they sought help from their husband's or partner's family to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend No 1 Yes, sought help from friend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFRND (D119XD) indicates whether they sought help from a friend (gender not specified) to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor No 1 Yes, sought help from neighbor 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHNHBR indicates whether they sought help from a neighbor to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor No 1 Yes, sought help from doctor 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHDOCTOR (D119XH) indicates whether they sought help from a doctor or other medical personnel to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer No 1 Yes, sought help from lawyer 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHLAWYER (D119XG) indicates whether they sought help from a lawyer to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police No 1 Yes, sought help from police 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHPOL (D119XE) indicates whether they sought help from the police to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader No 1 Yes, sought help from religious leader 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHCLERGY (D119XF) indicates whether they sought help from a religious leader to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes, sought help from social service organization No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHSSO (D119XB) indicates whether they sought help from a social service organization to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person No 1 Yes, sought help from other person 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHOTHER (D119X) indicates whether they sought help from some other person to stop that abuse. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories identified for help-seeking in a given sample. IPUMS Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence without seeking help, DVTOLD (D128) indicates whether the woman ever told anyone other than the interviewer about that violence. IPUMS Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, treated bednet 12 Yes, untreated bednet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETSLEPT (V461) indicates whether the respondent slept under a mosquito bed net the previous night. IPUMS Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don't know FSHEARD indicates whether the woman had heard of fistula. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FSEVHAD indicates whether the woman ever had fistula. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, after miscarriage 12 Yes, after delivery 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who experienced fistula, FSAFTDELIVER indicates whether the condition occurred after delivery or a stillbirth. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women with fistula that did not occur after delivery, FSAFTASSAULT indicates whether the condition occurred after sexual assault. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who experienced fistula for reasons other than delivery and sexual assault, FSAFTPELVIC indicates whether the condition occurred after pelvic surgery. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women with fistula, FSAFTOTH indicates whether the condition occurred after an event other than delivery, sexual assault, or pelvic surgery. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred 00 Same day 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDAYSAFTER reports how many days after the causal event (such as delivery) that urinary leakage from fistula occurred. IPUMS Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred 10 During normal labor/delivery 20 During difficult delivery 21 During difficult delivery, live birth 22 During difficult delivery, stillborn 30 During pelvic surgery 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVERTYP reports the characteristics (normal versus difficult delivery, live birth versus stillbirth outcome) of the delivery causing the female respondent's obstetric fistula. Question wording and response categories vary across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula 00 No, stillbirth 10 Yes, born alive 11 Yes, died in first 7 days 12 Yes, died after 7 days 13 Yes, still alive 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVALIVE indicates whether the delivery causing the female respondent's fistula resulted in a live birth. Similar information is included for some samples in FSDELIVERTYP. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVWHICH reports the number of the delivery (parity) in which the woman's obstetric fistula occurred. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FSSEEKTREAT indicates whether the woman sought treatment for fistula. Question wording varied across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment 10 Heath professional 11 Doctor/ clinical officer 12 Nurse/ midwife 13 Patient attendant 14 Nurse 15 Midwife 16 Auxiliary midwife 17 Health fieldworker 20 Other person 21 Traditional healer/untrained village doctor 22 Traditional birth attendent 23 Community health worker 30 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSTREATWHO reports the type of person (health care practitioner or other) whom the woman last saw for fistula treatment. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, no leakage at all 12 Yes, but still some leakage 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSTREATSUC indicates whether the fistula treatment for the woman was successful in curing the condition. Codes and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought 01 Did not know problem could be fixed 02 Do not know where to go 03 Too expensive 04 Too far to reach treatment facility 05 Poor quality of care at facility 06 Could not get permission to go 07 Embarrassment 08 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have experienced fistula that was not treated, FSNOTREATWHY reports the main reason that treatment was not sought. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision 98 Missing 10 Yes 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted FCKNOW (G100) indicates whether the woman had ever heard about female circumcision. Question wording and coding varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCKNOWPROBE (G101) indicates whether the woman acknowledged having heard about female circumcision, after being provided with a description of the practice. Women who did not answer "Yes" to FCKNOW (G100) were generally asked to provide a response to FCKNOWPROBE (G101). Some samples consolidate the simple question and the descriptive probing question on the woman's awareness of female circumcision into one variable (See FCKNOW). FCKNOWPROBE (G101) was designed for samples that instead separate the two questions into distinct variables, with FCKNOW (G100) relating to the non-probing question and FCKNOWPROBE (G101) pertaining to the probing descriptive question. IPUMS Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FCCIRC (G102) indicates whether the woman had been circumcised. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 00 0 or during infancy 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 93 Age 10+ 92 Age 5-9 91 Before age 5 90 Grouped numeric responses 96 Inconsistent For women who are circumcised, FCAGE (G106) reports their age at circumcision. IPUMS Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCFLESH (G103) indicates whether flesh was removed from the genital area during the procedure. IPUMS Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCNICK (G104) indicates whether their genital area was nicked without removing flesh during the procedure. IPUMS Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCINFIB (G105) indicates whether their genital area was sewn closed during the procedure. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision 999 NIU (not in universe) 998 Missing 997 Don't know 210 Traditional circumciser 200 TRADITIONAL 100 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 130 Birth attendant 110 Doctor/physician 111 Male doctor 112 Female doctor 120 Trained nurse/midwife 121 Nurse 122 Midwife 190 Other health professional 211 Traditional male circumciser 212 Traditional female circumciser 213 Excisioner 220 Traditional birth attendant 230 Matronne/older woman 240 Traditional healer 241 Barber 242 Ghagaria (gypsy) 290 Other traditional 995 OTHER For women who are circumcised, FCPERF (G107) reports who performed the procedure. Responses vary considerably across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped 1 Continue 2 Stop/Discontinue 3 Depends/Doctor recommends 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCCONTINU (G119) indicates whether the woman thinks female circumcision should continue or stop. IPUMS Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future No 1 Yes 2 All daughters circumcised 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCINTENDDAU (G116) indicates whether the woman intends to circumcise her daughter(s) in the future. The daughter(s) in question vary across samples, due to question wording and universe differences; see Comparability. IPUMS Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised 00 No daughters circumcised 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCTOTALDAU (G108) reports the total number of the woman's living daughters who were circumcised at the time of the interview. IPUMS Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter 96 Inconsistent 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCDLINENUM (G109) reports the line number in the household listing of the daughter who was the subject of questions about a single daughter's circumcision experience--most commonly, the most recently circumcised daughter. IPUMS Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCFLESHDAU (G110) indicates whether the woman's daughter had flesh removed from her genital area for her female circumcision. The related variable FCFLESH indicates whether the woman respondent had flesh removed from her genital area for her own female circumcision. IPUMS For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCNICKDAU (G111) indicates whether the woman's daughter had her genital area nicked without removing any flesh for her female circumcision. The related variable FCNICK indicates whether the woman respondent's own vaginal area was nicked without removing any flesh for her female circumcision. IPUMS Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCSEWNDAU (G112) indicates whether the woman's daughter had her genital area sewn closed for her female circumcision. The related variable FCINFIB (G105) indicates whether the woman respondent's own vaginal area was sewn closed for her female circumcision. IPUMS Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision 93 Age 10+ 92 Age 5-9 91 Before age 5 90 Grouped numeric responses 00 0 or during infancy 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCAGEDAU (G113) reports the age of the woman's eldest daughter when she was circumcised. The related variable FCAGE reports the age when the woman respondent was circumcised. IPUMS Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter 130 Birth attendant 995 OTHER 290 Other traditional 242 Ghagaria (gypsy) 241 Barber 240 Traditional healer 230 Matronne/older woman 220 Traditional birth attendant 213 Excisioner 212 Traditional female circumciser 190 Other health professional 122 Midwife 121 Nurse 120 Trained nurse/midwife 112 Female doctor 111 Male doctor 110 Doctor/physician 100 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 200 TRADITIONAL 210 Traditional circumciser 211 Traditional male circumciser 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FCPERFDAU (G114) reports who performed the daughter's circumcision. The related variable FCPERF reports who performed the woman respondent's own circumcision. IPUMS Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing No, smokes 1 Yes, does not smoke or use tobacco 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing TONOSMOKE (V463Z) indicates whether the woman does not smoke cigarettes or use any other form of tobacco. IPUMS Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOSMOKE (V463A) indicates whether the woman smokes cigarettes. IPUMS Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours 64 64 80 80+ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 63 63 62 62 61 61 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 For women who smoke, TOCIGDAYNO (V464) reports the number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24 hours. IPUMS Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOPIPE (V463B) indicates whether the woman smokes a pipe. IPUMS Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOCHEW (V463C) indicates whether the woman uses chewing tobacco. IPUMS Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOSNUFF (V463E) indicates whether the woman uses snuff, either by mouth or by nose. IPUMS Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOUSEOTH (V463X) indicates whether the woman uses some other form of tobacco, with the meaning of "other" dependent on the types of tobacco specified in each sample. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care 1 DELNURM_ALL available For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELNURM_ALL (M3B_x) indicates whether a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) assisted with the child's delivery. DELNURM_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELNURM_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELNURM_02, DELNURM_03, DELNURM_04, DELNURM_05, and DELNURM_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELNURM_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELNURM_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Some samples in the "DEL" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as DELNURM_ALL, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories in this variable. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELNURM_01 (M3B_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave delivery care (for the last birth). Some samples in the "DEL" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as DELNURM_01, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories in this variable. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care 1 DELTBA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELTBA_ALL (M3G_x) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave delivery care. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. DELTBA_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELTBA_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELTBA_02, DELTBA_03, DELTBA_04, DELTBA_05, and DELTBA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELTBA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELTBA_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELTBA_01 (M3G_1) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave delivery care (for the last birth). Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care 1 DELREL_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELREL_ALL (M3H_x) indicates whether a relative gave delivery care. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. DELREL_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELREL_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELREL_02, DELREL_03, DELREL_04, DELREL_05, and DELREL_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELREL_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELREL_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for last birth Relative gave delivery care for last birth Relative gave delivery care for last birth Relative gave delivery care for last birth Relative gave delivery care for last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELREL_01 (M3H_1) indicates whether a relative gave delivery care (for the last birth). Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care 1 DELOTH_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELOTH_ALL (M3K_x) indicates whether some other person gave delivery care. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. DELOTH_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELOTH_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELOTH_02, DELOTH_03, DELOTH_04, DELOTH_05, and DELOTH_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELOTH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELOTH_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for last birth Other person gave delivery care for last birth Other person gave delivery care for last birth Other person gave delivery care for last birth Other person gave delivery care for last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELOTH_01 (M3K_1) indicates whether some other person gave delivery care (for the last birth). The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care 1 DELNONE_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELNONE_ALL (M3N_x) indicates whether no one assisted with the delivery. DELNONE_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELNONE_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELNONE_02, DELNONE_03, DELNONE_04, DELNONE_05, and DELNONE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELNONE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELNONE_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS No one gave delivery care (last birth) No one gave delivery care (last birth) No one gave delivery care (last birth) No one gave delivery care (last birth) No one gave delivery care (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELNONE_01 (M3N_1) indicates whether no one assisted with delivery (for the last birth). IPUMS No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, DELCESRLAST (V401) indicates whether the last-born child was delivered by caesarean section. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes allchildren of the mother to be coded the same way. Question wording varies slightly across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section Delivery by caesarian section Delivery by caesarian section Delivery by caesarian section Delivery by caesarian section 1 DELCESR_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELCESR_ALL (M17_x) indicates whether their child was born by caesarian section. Question wording varied somewhat across samples; see Comparability. DELCESR_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELCESR_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELCESR_02, DELCESR_03, DELCESR_04, DELCESR_05, and DELCESR_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELCESR_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELCESR_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELCESR_01 (M17_1) indicates whether the child was born by caesarian section (for the last birth). Question wording varied somewhat across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Place of delivery Place of delivery Place of delivery Place of delivery Place of delivery 1 DELPL_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELPL_ALL (M15_x) reports where she delivered her child. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. DELPL_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELPL_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELPL_02, DELPL_03, DELPL_04, DELPL_05, and DELPL_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELPL_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELPL_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Place of delivery (last birth) Place of delivery (last birth) Place of delivery (last birth) Place of delivery (last birth) Place of delivery (last birth) 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2412 Sub-health post 2413 Outreach clinic 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2432 Field worker 2433 Community midwife 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3530 Private health post 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4130 Marie Stopes 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 5900 Other religious/mission 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) See DELPL_ALL. IPUMS Place of delivery (second to last birth) Place of delivery (second to last birth) Place of delivery (second to last birth) Place of delivery (second to last birth) Place of delivery (second to last birth) 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 5900 Othre religious/mission 3530 Private health post 4130 Marie Stopes 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2433 Community midwife IPUMS Place of delivery (third to last birth) Place of delivery (third to last birth) Place of delivery (third to last birth) Place of delivery (third to last birth) Place of delivery (third to last birth) 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 2433 Community midwife 5900 Other religious/mission 4130 Marie Stopes 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 2433 Community midwife 5900 Other religious/mission 3530 Private health post 4130 Marie Stopes 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 2433 Community midwife 4130 Marie Stopes 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 3530 Private health post 5900 Other religious/mission IPUMS Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 2433 Community midwife 4130 Marie Stopes 3530 Private health post 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOMES 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5900 Other religious/mission IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Cost (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Cost (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Cost (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Cost (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Cost (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DELHMCOST_01 (M65A_1) indicates whether cost was a reason why the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Facility not open (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Facility not open (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Facility not open (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Facility not open (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Facility not open (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DELHMHRS_01 (M65B_1) indicates whether the health facility not being open was a reason why the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Too far/no transport (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Too far/no transport (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Too far/no transport (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Too far/no transport (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Too far/no transport (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DELHMTRAN_01 (M65C_1) indicates whether the health facility being too far away or having no transportation was a reason why the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility. The two rationales were combined in a single response category ("Too far/no transportation") on the survey form when the interviewer recorded all reasons given to the open-ended inquiry. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Don't trust/poor service (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Don't trust/poor service (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Don't trust/poor service (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Don't trust/poor service (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Don't trust/poor service (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DELHMSERV_01 (M65D_1) indicates whether not trusting the health facility or poor quality service was a reason why the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility. The two rationales were combined in a single response category ("Don't trust facility/poor quality service") on the survey form when the interviewer recorded all reasons given to the open-ended inquiry. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: No female provider (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: No female provider (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: No female provider (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: No female provider (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: No female provider (last birth) 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) No 8 Missing DELHMFMD_01 (M65E_1) indicates whether the lack of a female provider was a reason why the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Husband/family won't allow (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Husband/family won't allow (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Husband/family won't allow (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Husband/family won't allow (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Husband/family won't allow (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DELHMPERM_01 (M65F_1) indicates whether her husband/family not allowing it was a reason why the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons given. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Not necessary (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Not necessary (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Not necessary (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Not necessary (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Not necessary (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DELHMNOND_01 (M65G_1) indicates whether it not being necessary was a reason why the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons given. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Not customary (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Not customary (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Not customary (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Not customary (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Not customary (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DELHMCUS_01 (M65H_1) indicates whether it not being customary to deliver in a health facility was a reason why the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason (last birth) Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DELHMOTH_01 (M65X_1) indicates whether the respondent did not deliver her most recent child in a health facility for some "other" reason than those specified in a given survey. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) 1 DELTZ1_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ1_ALL indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a doctor/medical assistant/assistant medical officer gave delivery care for a recent birth. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. DELTZ1_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELTZ1_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELTZ1_02, DELTZ1_03, DELTZ1_04, DELTZ1_05, and DELTZ1_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELTZ1_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ1_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a doctor/medical assistant/assistant medical officer gave delivery care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) 1 DELTZ3_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ3_ALL indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a Maternal and Child Health aide gave delivery care for a recent birth. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. DELTZ3_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELTZ3_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELTZ3_02, DELTZ3_03, DELTZ3_04, DELTZ3_05, and DELTZ3_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELTZ3_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ3_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a Maternal and Child Health aide gave delivery care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) 1 DELTZ4_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ4_ALL indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a clinical officer gave delivery care for a recent birth. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. DELTZ4_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELTZ4_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELTZ4_02, DELTZ4_03, DELTZ4_04, DELTZ4_05, and DELTZ4_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELTZ4_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ4_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a clinical officer gave delivery care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) 1 DELTZ5_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ5_ALL indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported an assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for a recent birth. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. DELTZ5_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELTZ5_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELTZ5_02, DELTZ5_03, DELTZ5_04, DELTZ5_05, and DELTZ5_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELTZ5_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ5_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported an assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) 1 DELTZ6_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ6_ALL indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a village health worker gave delivery care for a recent birth. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. DELTZ6_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELTZ6_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELTZ6_02, DELTZ6_03, DELTZ6_04, DELTZ6_05, and DELTZ6_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELTZ6_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Village health worker gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, DELTZ6_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a village health worker gave delivery care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Village health worker gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for second to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Village health worker gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for third to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Village health worker gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Village health worker gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Village health worker gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care for sixth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child has birth certificate Child has birth certificate Child has birth certificate Child has birth certificate Child has birth certificate 1 BIRTHCERT_ALL available BIRTHCERT_ALL indicates whether the respondent's child has a birth certificate. BIRTHCERT_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHCERT_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BIRTHCERT_02, BIRTHCERT_03, BIRTHCERT_04, BIRTHCERT_05, and BIRTHCERT_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BIRTHCERT_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHCERT_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child has birth certificate (last birth) Child has birth certificate (last birth) Child has birth certificate (last birth) Child has birth certificate (last birth) Child has birth certificate (last birth) 100 No 110 Never had certificate 120 Had certificate 121 Vaccination dates recorded 122 Vaccination dates not recorded 200 Yes 210 Yes, seen 211 Vaccination dates recorded 212 Vaccination dates not recorded 213 Short certificate 214 Long certificate 215 Both long and short certificate 220 Yes, not seen 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) See BIRTHCERT_ALL. IPUMS Child has birth certificate (second to last birth) Child has birth certificate (second to last birth) Child has birth certificate (second to last birth) Child has birth certificate (second to last birth) Child has birth certificate (second to last birth) 100 No 110 Never had certificate 120 Had certificate 121 Vaccination dates recorded 122 Vaccination dates not recorded 200 Yes 210 Yes, seen 211 Vaccination dates recorded 212 Vaccination dates not recorded 213 Short certificate 214 Long certificate 215 Both long and short certificate 220 Yes, not seen 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child has birth certificate (third to last birth) Child has birth certificate (third to last birth) Child has birth certificate (third to last birth) Child has birth certificate (third to last birth) Child has birth certificate (third to last birth) 100 No 110 Never had certificate 120 Had certificate 121 Vaccination dates recorded 122 Vaccination dates not recorded 200 Yes 210 Yes, seen 211 Vaccination dates recorded 212 Vaccination dates not recorded 213 Short certificate 214 Long certificate 215 Both long and short certificate 220 Yes, not seen 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child has birth certificate (fourth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (fourth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (fourth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (fourth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (fourth to last birth) 100 No 110 Never had certificate 120 Had certificate 121 Vaccination dates recorded 122 Vaccination dates not recorded 200 Yes 210 Yes, seen 211 Vaccination dates recorded 212 Vaccination dates not recorded 213 Short certificate 214 Long certificate 215 Both long and short certificate 220 Yes, not seen 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child has birth certificate (fifth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (fifth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (fifth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (fifth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (fifth to last birth) 100 No 110 Never had certificate 120 Had certificate 121 Vaccination dates recorded 122 Vaccination dates not recorded 200 Yes 210 Yes, seen 211 Vaccination dates recorded 212 Vaccination dates not recorded 213 Short certificate 214 Long certificate 215 Both long and short certificate 220 Yes, not seen 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child has birth certificate (sixth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (sixth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (sixth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (sixth to last birth) Child has birth certificate (sixth to last birth) 100 No 110 Never had certificate 120 Had certificate 121 Vaccination dates recorded 122 Vaccination dates not recorded 200 Yes 210 Yes, seen 211 Vaccination dates recorded 212 Vaccination dates not recorded 213 Short certificate 214 Long certificate 215 Both long and short certificate 220 Yes, not seen 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth 1 BNOTIFHF_ALL available For women who delivered in a health facility, BNOTIFHF_ALL indicates whether the health facility gave the mother a birth notification form or letter after the child was born. BNOTIFHF_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BNOTIFHF_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BNOTIFHF_02, BNOTIFHF_03, BNOTIFHF_04, BNOTIFHF_05, and BNOTIFHF_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BNOTIFHF_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BNOTIFHF_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (second to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (second to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (second to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (second to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (third to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (third to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (third to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (third to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (fourth to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (fourth to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (fourth to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (fourth to last birth) Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received birth notification from other place Received birth notification from other place Received birth notification from other place Received birth notification from other place Received birth notification from other place 1 BNOTIFOTH_ALL available BNOTIFOTH_ALL indicates whether the respondent received a birth notification from some other place. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. BNOTIFOTH_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BNOTIFOTH_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BNOTIFOTH_02, BNOTIFOTH_03, BNOTIFOTH_04, BNOTIFOTH_05, and BNOTIFOTH_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BNOTIFOTH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BNOTIFOTH_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Received birth notification from other place (last birth) Received birth notification from other place (last birth) Received birth notification from other place (last birth) Received birth notification from other place (last birth) Received birth notification from other place (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received birth notification from other place (second to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (second to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (second to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (second to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received birth notification from other place (third to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (third to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (third to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (third to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received birth notification from other place (fourth to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (fourth to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (fourth to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (fourth to last birth) Received birth notification from other place (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery 1 PPCHECK_ALL available For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and delivered their child at a health facility, PPCHECK_ALL (M62_x) indicates whether the woman received a postpartum health check before she was discharged from the facility. PPCHECK_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPCHECK_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPCHECK_02, PPCHECK_03, PPCHECK_04, PPCHECK_05, and PPCHECK_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPCHECK_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPCHECK_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and delivered their last child at a health facility, PPCHECK_01 (M62_1) indicates whether the woman received a postpartum health check before she was discharged from the facility. IPUMS Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (second to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (second to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (second to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (second to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (third to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (third to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (third to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (third to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fourth to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fourth to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fourth to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fourth to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fifth to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fifth to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fifth to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fifth to last birth) Woman's health checked before discharge after delivery (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of woman's postpartum health check before discharge (last birth) Timing of woman's postpartum health check before discharge (last birth) Timing of woman's postpartum health check before discharge (last birth) Timing of woman's postpartum health check before discharge (last birth) Timing of woman's postpartum health check before discharge (last birth) 100 100: 0 hours 101 101: 1 hour 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 199 Hours: number missing 201 201: 1 day 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 299 Days: number missing 301 301: 1 week 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 399 Weeks: number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, delivered their last child at a health facility, and received a health check before being discharged from the facility, PPCHECKTM_01 (M63_1) reports the amount of time in hours, days, or weeks between the woman's delivery and her postpartum health check. IPUMS Who checked respondent's health before discharge (last birth) Who checked respondent's health before discharge (last birth) Who checked respondent's health before discharge (last birth) Who checked respondent's health before discharge (last birth) Who checked respondent's health before discharge (last birth) 2600 Dispenser/compounder 2500 Family welfare worker 1927 Community midwife 1926 Lady health visitor 1913 Physician assistant 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1923 MCH aide/worker 1924 Assistant clinical officer 1925 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2300 Relative/friend 2400 Lady health worker 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1912 Health assistant 2220 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, delivered their last child at a health facility, and received a health check before being discharged from the facility, PPCHECKWHO_01 (M64_1) reports who conducted their postpartum health check. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery 1 DELPPCHKA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and delivered their child at home, away from a medical facility, or who delivered their child at a medical facility and did not receive a health check before being discharged from the health facility, DELPPCHKA_ALL (M66_x) indicates whether the woman received a postpartum health check sometime after the delivery of her child. DELPPCHKA_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELPPCHKA_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELPPCHKA_02, DELPPCHKA_03, DELPPCHKA_04, DELPPCHKA_05, and DELPPCHKA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELPPCHKA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELPPCHKA_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Many surveys, specified in the Comparability section, collected this information for the most recent birth only (DELPPCHKA_01). IPUMS Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for last birth No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey and delivered their last child at home, away from a medical facility, or who delivered their child at a medical facility and did not receive a health check before being discharged from the health facility, DELPPCHKA_01 (M66_1) indicates whether the woman received a postpartum health check sometime after the delivery of her last-born child. IPUMS Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for second to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for second to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for second to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for second to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for second to last birth No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for third to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for third to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for third to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for third to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for third to last birth No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fourth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fourth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fourth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fourth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fourth to last birth No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fifth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fifth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fifth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fifth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for fifth to last birth No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for sixth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for sixth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for sixth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for sixth to last birth Woman's health checked after discharge/home delivery for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS How long after delivery health check took place (last birth) How long after delivery health check took place (last birth) How long after delivery health check took place (last birth) How long after delivery health check took place (last birth) How long after delivery health check took place (last birth) 100 100: Immediately, in first hour 101 101: 1 hour 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 199 Hours, number missing 200 200: Same day 201 201: 1 day 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 299 Days, number missing 300 300: Same week 301 301: 1 week 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 399 Weeks, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 390 390 389 389 388 388 387 387 386 386 385 385 384 384 383 383 382 382 381 381 380 380 379 379 378 378 377 377 376 376 375 375 374 374 373 373 372 372 371 371 370 370 369 369 368 368 367 367 366 366 365 365 364 364 363 363 362 362 361 361 360 360 359 359 358 358 357 357 356 356 355 355 354 354 353 353 For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, who delivered their last child away from a health facility or did not receive a health check before being discharged from a health facility, and who received a health check later, DELPPCHKATM_01 (M67_1) reports the time in hours, days, or weeks between the delivery and the woman's postpartum health check. The related variable DELPPCHKA_01 (M66_1) indicates whether such women received postnatal health checks. IPUMS Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home 1 DELPPCHKAWHO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, who delivered their child away from a health facility or did not receive a health check before being discharged from a health facility, and who received a health check later, DELPPCHKAWHO_ALL (M68_X) reports who conducted the respondent's postpartum health check (for a recent birth). Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. DELPPCHKAWHO_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELPPCHKAWHO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELPPCHKAWHO_02, DELPPCHKAWHO_03, DELPPCHKAWHO_04, DELPPCHKAWHO_05, and DELPPCHKAWHO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELPPCHKAWHO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (last birth) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Health assistant 1913 Physician assistant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1923 MCH aide/worker 1924 Assistant clinical officer 1925 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1926 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1927 Community midwife 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2220 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 2300 Relative/friend 2400 Lady health worker 2500 Traditional practitioner 2510 Hakim 2520 Matron 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) See DELPPCHKAWHO_ALL (M68_X). IPUMS Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (second to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (second to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (second to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (second to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (second to last birth) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Health assistant 1913 Physician assistant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1923 MCH aide 1924 Assistant clinical officer 1925 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1926 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1927 Community midwife 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2220 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 2300 Relative/friend 2400 Lady health worker 2500 Traditional practitioner 2510 Hakim 2520 Matron 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (third to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (third to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (third to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (third to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (third to last birth) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Health assistant 1913 Physician assistant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1923 MCH aide 1924 Assistant clinical officer 1925 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1926 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1927 Community midwife 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2220 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 2300 Relative/friend 2400 Lady health worker 2500 Traditional practitioner 2510 Hakim 2520 Matron 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (fourth to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (fourth to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (fourth to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (fourth to last birth) Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home (fourth to last birth) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Health assistant 1913 Physician assistant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1923 MCH aide 1924 Assistant clinical officer 1925 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1926 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1927 Community midwife 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2220 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 2300 Relative/friend 2400 Lady health worker 2500 Traditional practitioner 2510 Hakim 2520 Matron 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place (last birth) Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place (last birth) Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place (last birth) Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place (last birth) Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place (last birth) 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 TBA home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Community health center 2220 Urban health center 2230 Rural health center 2240 Category I health center 2250 Category II health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2300 Government outreach 2310 Government health post 2311 Village health post 2312 Sub-health post 2313 Outreach clinic 2320 Government mobile clinic 2330 Government helath worker 2331 Community midwife 2400 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2500 Government pharmacy/dispensary 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health station/clinic 2902 Health office 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Specialty hospital 3120 Private clinic 3200 Private doctor 3210 Qualified doctor 3220 Unqualified doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private family planning clinic 3500 Private maternity home 3600 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3700 Private outreach 3710 Private health post 3720 Private mobile clinic 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 NGO static clinic 4120 NGO satellite clinic 4130 UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 CSI project 4202 BLM 4900 Other NGO facility 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center 5300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 5400 Religious health post 5900 Other religious/mission 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, who delivered their last child away from a health facility or did not receive a health check before being discharged from a health facility, and who received a health check later, DELPPCHKALOC_01 (M69_1) reports where the respondent's postpartum health check took place. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Baby postnatal check within 2 months Baby postnatal check within 2 months Baby postnatal check within 2 months Baby postnatal check within 2 months Baby postnatal check within 2 months 1 PNBABCK_ALL available For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, PNBABCK_ALL (M70_x) indicates whether the woman's baby had a postnatal check within 2 months of delivery. For most surveys, this information on postnatal checks for the child is collected for only the last-born child (PNBABCK_01). For a minority of samples, noted in the Comparability section, the information was collected for all births within the 3 to 5 years before the survey. To accommodate those surveys that collected this information on multiple births, PNBABCK_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PNBABCK_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PNBABCK_02, PNBABCK_03, PNBABCK_04, PNBABCK_05, and PNBABCK_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PNBABCK_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables--when available--are included in a researcher's data file. In some cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, in a survey that collected this information for more than the most recent birth, no woman had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PNBABCK_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Baby postnatal check within 2 months (last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, PNBABCK_01 (M70_1) indicates whether the woman's last-born baby had a postnatal check within 2 months of delivery. IPUMS Baby postnatal check within 2 months (second to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (second to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (second to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (second to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Baby postnatal check within 2 months (third to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (third to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (third to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (third to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fourth to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fourth to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fourth to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fourth to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fifth to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fifth to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fifth to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fifth to last birth) Baby postnatal check within 2 months (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS How long after delivery postnatal check took place (last birth) How long after delivery postnatal check took place (last birth) How long after delivery postnatal check took place (last birth) How long after delivery postnatal check took place (last birth) How long after delivery postnatal check took place (last birth) 100 100: Immediately, in first hour 101 101: 1 hour 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 Hours, number missing 200 200: Same day 201 201: 1 day 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 Days, number missing 301 301: 1 week 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 Weeks, number missing 997 Don't know 999 Missing For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, and whose last-born baby had a health check within 2 months of delivery, PNBABCKTM_01 (M71_1) reports the amount of time that passed before the baby's health check. See the related variable PNBABCK_01 (M70_1) for more information. IPUMS Who performed newborn's postnatal check Who performed newborn's postnatal check Who performed newborn's postnatal check Who performed newborn's postnatal check Who performed newborn's postnatal check 1 PNBABCKWHO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the five years before the survey, and whose child had a health check within two months of delivery, PNBABCKWHO_ALL (M72_X) reports who conducted the child's postpartum health check (for a recent birth). Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. PNBABCKWHO_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PNBABCKWHO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PNBABCKWHO_02, PNBABCKWHO_03, PNBABCKWHO_04, PNBABCKWHO_05, and PNBABCKWHO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PNBABCKWHO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Who performed newborn's postnatal check (last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (last birth) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Qualified doctor 1120 Unqualified doctor 1130 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1211 Nurse/clinical officer 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1240 Nurse/midwife/paramedic 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Community skilled birth attendant 1913 Physician assistant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Assistant clinical officer 1923 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1924 Health assistant 1925 Health extension worker 1926 MCH aide/worker 1927 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1928 Community midwife 1930 Family welfare center 1931 Family welfare visitor 1932 Family welfare assistant 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Community health mother and child 2220 Lady health worker 2230 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2240 Female communivy health volunteer (FCHV) 2300 Traditional practitioner 2310 Matron 2320 Village mother 2330 Homeopath 2340 Hakim 2400 NGO worker 2500 Relative/friend 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) See PNBABCKWHO_ALL. IPUMS Who performed newborn's postnatal check (second to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (second to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (second to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (second to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (second to last birth) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Qualified doctor 1120 Unqualified doctor 1130 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1211 Nurse/clinical officer 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1240 Nurse/midwife/paramedic 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Community skilled birth attendant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Assistant clinical officer 1923 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1924 Health assistant 1925 Health extension worker 1926 MCH aide 1927 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1928 Community midwife 1930 Family welfare center 1931 Family welfare visitor 1932 Family welfare assistant 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Community health mother and child 2220 Lady health worker 2300 Traditional practitioner 2310 Matron 2320 Village mother 2330 Homeopath 2340 Hakim 2400 NGO worker 2500 Relative/friend 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Who performed newborn's postnatal check (third to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (third to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (third to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (third to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (third to last birth) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Qualified doctor 1120 Unqualified doctor 1130 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1211 Nurse/clinical officer 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1240 Nurse/midwife/paramedic 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Community skilled birth attendant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Assistant clinical officer 1923 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1924 Health assistant 1925 Health extension worker 1926 MCH aide 1927 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1928 Community midwife 1930 Family welfare center 1931 Family welfare visitor 1932 Family welfare assistant 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Community health mother and child 2220 Lady health worker 2300 Traditional practitioner 2310 Matron 2320 Village mother 2330 Homeopath 2340 Hakim 2400 NGO worker 2500 Relative/friend 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fourth to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fourth to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fourth to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fourth to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fourth to last birth) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Qualified doctor 1120 Unqualified doctor 1130 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1211 Nurse/clinical officer 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1240 Nurse/midwife/paramedic 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Community skilled birth attendant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Assistant clinical officer 1923 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1924 Health assistant 1925 Health extension worker 1926 MCH aide 1927 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1928 Community midwife 1930 Family welfare center 1931 Family welfare visitor 1932 Family welfare assistant 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Community health mother and child 2220 Lady health worker 2300 Traditional practitioner 2310 Matron 2320 Village mother 2330 Homeopath 2340 Hakim 2400 NGO worker 2500 Relative/friend 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fifth to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fifth to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fifth to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fifth to last birth) Who performed newborn's postnatal check (fifth to last birth) 1928 Community midwife 1927 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Qualified doctor 1120 Unqualified doctor 1130 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1211 Nurse/clinical officer 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1240 Nurse/midwife/paramedic 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Community skilled birth attendant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Assistant clinical officer 1923 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1924 Health assistant 1925 Health extension worker 1926 MCH aide 1930 Family welfare center 1931 Family welfare visitor 1932 Family welfare assistant 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Community health mother and child 2220 Lady health worker 2300 Traditional practitioner 2310 Matron 2320 Village mother 2330 Homeopath 2340 Hakim 2400 NGO worker 2500 Relative/friend 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Where the baby's health check took place (last birth) Where the baby's health check took place (last birth) Where the baby's health check took place (last birth) Where the baby's health check took place (last birth) Where the baby's health check took place (last birth) 4160 UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) 2510 Government MCH 2331 Community midwife 2330 Government health worker 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 TBA home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2300 Government outreach 2310 Government health post 2311 Village health post 2320 Government mobile clinic 2400 Government family planning clinic 2500 Government maternity home 2600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health box 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 2905 Specialized medical school 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Specialty hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Polyclinic 3122 Clinic 3200 Private doctor 3210 Qualified doctor 3220 Unqualified doctor 3300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3400 Private health center 3500 Private family planning clinic 3600 Private maternity home 3700 Private outreach 3900 Other private medical 3901 Private medical school 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Satellite clinic 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 Egyptian FP association 4202 CSI project 4203 BLM 4900 Other NGO facility 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center 5300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 5400 Religious health post 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2312 Sub-center or sub-post 2313 Outreach point 3710 Private health post 3720 Private mobile clinic 4130 Red Cross 4140 Marie Stopes 5900 Other religious/mission 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 4150 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) For women who gave birth in the five years before the survey, and whose last-born child had a health check within two months of delivery, PNBABCKLOC_01 (M53_1) reports where the child's postnatal health check took place. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery 1 PPVITA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PPVITA_ALL (M54_x) indicates whether they received a vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery. PPVITA_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPVITA_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPVITA_02, PPVITA_03, PPVITA_04, PPVITA_05, and PPVITA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPVITA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For most surveys, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (PPVITA_01). Surveys in which the data were collected for additional births are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PPVITA_01 (M54_1) indicates whether they received a vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (for the last birth). IPUMS Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (second to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (second to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (second to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (second to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (third to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (third to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (third to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (third to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fourth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fourth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fourth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fourth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fifth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fifth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fifth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fifth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (sixth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (sixth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (sixth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (sixth to last birth) Received Vitamin A dose in first 2 months after delivery (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care 1 ANCARE_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARE_ALL indicates whether the woman received antenatal care. ANCARE_ALL variables are the inverse of the ANCARENONE_ALL (M2N_X) variables. ANCARE_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARE_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARE_02, ANCARE_03, ANCARE_04, ANCARE_05, and ANCARE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Received prenatal care (last birth) Received prenatal care (last birth) Received prenatal care (last birth) Received prenatal care (last birth) Received prenatal care (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (second to last birth) Received prenatal care (second to last birth) Received prenatal care (second to last birth) Received prenatal care (second to last birth) Received prenatal care (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (third to last birth) Received prenatal care (third to last birth) Received prenatal care (third to last birth) Received prenatal care (third to last birth) Received prenatal care (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months 1 ANVISMO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and saw someone for antenatal care (ANCARE_ALL), ANVISMO_ALL (M13_x) reports the timing of the first antenatal visit, in months from the start of the pregnancy. Women who did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. ANVISMO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANVISMO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANVISMO_02, ANVISMO_03, ANVISMO_04, ANVISMO_05, and ANVISMO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANVISMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANVISMO_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANVISMO_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANVISMO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See ANVISMO_ALL. IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy 1 ANVISNO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANVISNO_ALL (M14_x) reports the number of antenatal visits. Women who did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. ANVISNO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANVISNO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANVISNO_02, ANVISNO_03, ANVISNO_04, ANVISNO_05, and ANVISNO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANVISNO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANVISNO_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANVISNO_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANVISNO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 84 84 85 85 83 83 81 81 82 82 79 79 80 80 78 78 77 77 76 76 74 74 75 75 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See ANVISNO_ALL. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits Topcoded number of antenatal visits Topcoded number of antenatal visits Topcoded number of antenatal visits Topcoded number of antenatal visits 1 ANVISNOTOP20_ALL available For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, ANVISNOTOP20_ALL reports the number of antenatal visits, topcoded at 20+ visits. Women who did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. The related variables for ANVISNO_ALL supply the same material without imposing a consistent topcode. ANVISNOTOP20_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANVISNOTOP20_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANVISNOTOP20_02, ANVISNOTOP20_03, ANVISNOTOP20_04, ANVISNOTOP20_05, and ANVISNOTOP20_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANVISNOTOP20_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANVISNOTOP20_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANVISNOTOP20_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANVISNOTOP20_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See ANVISNOTOP20_ALL. IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken 1 ANCAREBLD_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREBLD_ALL (M42E_x) indicates whether a blood sample was taken at least once during antenatal care. ANCAREBLD_ALL consists of separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCAREBLD_01) and, in some cases, additional births, up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCAREBLD_02, ANCAREBLD_03, ANCAREBLD_04, ANCAREBLD_05, and ANCAREBLD_06). For most surveys, this information on taking a blood sample during the pregnancy was collected for only the most recent birth; exceptions are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREBLD_01 (M42E_1) indicates whether a blood sample was taken at least once during antenatal care (for the last birth). IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood sample taken (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken 1 ANCAREBP_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREBP_ALL (M42C_x) indicates whether blood pressure was taken at least once during antenatal care. ANCAREBP_ALL consists of separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCAREBP_01) and, in some cases, additional births, up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCAREBP_02, ANCAREBP_03, ANCAREBP_04, ANCAREBP_05, and ANCAREBP_6). For most surveys, this information on checking blood pressure during pregnancy was collected for only the most recent birth; exceptions are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREBP_01 (M42C_1) indicates whether blood pressure was taken at least once during antenatal care (for the last birth). IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Blood pressure taken (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken 1 ANCAREUR_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREUR_ALL (M42D_x) indicates whether a urine sample was taken at least once during antenatal care. ANCAREUR_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCAREUR_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCAREUR_02, ANCAREUR_03, ANCAREUR_04, ANCAREUR_05, and ANCAREUR_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCAREUR_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For most surveys, this information on taking a urine sample during pregnancy was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCAREUR_01). Surveys in which the data were collected for additional births are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREUR_01 (M42D_1) indicates whether a urine sample was taken at least once during antenatal care (for the last birth). IPUMS Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (second to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (third to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care 1 ANCARENURM_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENURM_ALL (M2B_x) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave antenatal care. ANCARENURM_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARENURM_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARENURM_02, ANCARENURM_03, ANCARENURM_04, ANCARENURM_05, and ANCARENURM_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARENURM_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCARENURM_01) and, in a few cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCARENURM_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARENURM_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Some samples in the "ANCARE" series, such as ANCARENURM_ALL, include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate response categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create the more comprehensive response category in ANCARENURM_ALL. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included in this variable for relevant samples. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENURM_01 (M2B_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave antenatal care (for the last birth). Some samples in the "ANCARE" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate response categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create the more comprehensive response category in ANCARENURM. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included in this variable for relevant samples. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care 1 ANCARETBA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARETBA_ALL (M2G_x) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave antenatal care. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. ANCARETBA_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARETBA_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARETBA_02, ANCARETBA_03, ANCARETBA_04, ANCARETBA_05, and ANCARETBA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARETBA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information on prenatal care from a traditional birth attendant was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCARETBA_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCARETBA_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARETBA_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARETBA_01 (M2G_1) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave antenatal care (for the last birth). Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Community/village health worker gave prenatal care Community/village health worker gave prenatal care Community/village health worker gave prenatal care Community/village health worker gave prenatal care Community/village health worker gave prenatal care 1 ANCAREHW_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREHW_ALL (M2H_x) indicates whether a community or village health worker gave antenatal care. Wording for this category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. ANCAREHW_ALL consists of separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCAREHW_01) and, in some cases, additional births, up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCAREHW_02, ANCAREHW_03, ANCAREHW_04, ANCAREHW_05, and ANCAREHW_06). For most surveys, this information on antenatal care from a community health worker was collected for only the most recent birth; exceptions are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREHW_01 (M2H_1) indicates whether a community or village health worker gave antenatal care (for the last birth). Wording for this category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Community/village health worker gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care 1 ANCAREOTH_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREOTH_ALL (M2K_x) indicates whether some other type of person gave antenatal care. The meaning of "other" depends on the types of providers of antenatal care specified in a given survey. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. ANCAREOTH_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCAREOTH_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCAREOTH_02, ANCAREOTH_03, ANCAREOTH_04, ANCAREOTH_05, and ANCAREOTH_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCAREOTH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information on prenatal care from some other person was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCAREOTH_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCAREOTH_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCAREOTH_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREOTH_01 (M2K_1) indicates whether some other person gave antenatal care (for the last birth). The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care 1 ANCARENONE_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENONE_ALL (M2N_x) indicates whether no one gave antenatal care. The structure of the question varied across samples. See Comparability. ANCARENONE_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARENONE_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARENONE_02, ANCARENONE_03, ANCARENONE_04, ANCARENONE_05, and ANCAaRENONE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARENONE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCARENONE_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCARENONE_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARENONE_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Received no prenatal care (last birth) Received no prenatal care (last birth) Received no prenatal care (last birth) Received no prenatal care (last birth) Received no prenatal care (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENONE_01 (M2N_1) indicates whether no one gave antenatal care (for the last birth). The structure of the question varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth Tetanus injection before birth Tetanus injection before birth Tetanus injection before birth Tetanus injection before birth 1 ANTETNUS_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANTETNUS_ALL indicates whether tetanus (toxicoid) injections were given during the pregnancy to avoid convulsions after birth. ANTETNUS_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANTETNUS_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANTETNUS_02, ANTETNUS_03, ANTETNUS_04, ANTETNUS_05, and ANTETNUS_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANTETNUS_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information on receipt of tetanus injections during pregnancy was collected for only the most recent birth (ANTETNUS_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANTETNUS_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANTETNUS_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANTETNUS_01 indicates whether tetanus (toxicoid) injections were given during the pregnancy to avoid convulsions after birth (for the last birth). IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy 1 ANTETNUSNO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANTETNUSNO_ALL (M1_x) indicates whether, and how many, tetanus (toxicoid) injections were given during the pregnancy to avoid convulsions after birth (for the last birth). For a similar variable that only reports whether a tetanus injection was received, see ANTETNUS_ALL. ANTETNUSNO_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANTETNUSNO_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANTETNUSNO_02, ANTETNUSNO_03, ANTETNUSNO_04, ANTETNUSNO_05, and ANTETNUSNO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANTETNUSNO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANTETNUSNO_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANTETNUSNO_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANTETNUSNO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See ANTETNUSNO_ALL. IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy ending in most recent birth Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy ending in most recent birth Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy ending in most recent birth Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy ending in most recent birth Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy ending in most recent birth 00 Received no injection 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey and who received fewer than 2 tetanus injections during the pregnancy ending in her most recent birth, PRETETNUSNO_01 (M1A_1) reports the number of tetanus injections received before that pregnancy (for the last birth). IPUMS Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy ending in last birth Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy ending in last birth Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy ending in last birth Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy ending in last birth Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy ending in last birth 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey and who received at least one tetanus injection prior to the pregnancy ending in her last birth, PRETETNUSAGO_01 (M1D_1) reports the number of years between that tetanus injection and the beginning of that pregnancy (for the last birth). IPUMS Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy 1 ANNITE_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANNITE_ALL (M48_x) indicates whether they had difficulty with night blindness. ANNITE_ALL consists of separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANNITE_01) and, in some cases, additional births, up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANNITE_02, ANNITE_03, ANNITE_04, ANNITE_05, and ANNITE_6). For most surveys, this information on night blindness during pregnancy was collected for only the most recent birth; exceptions are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (last birth) No 1 Yes 2 Already blind 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANNITE_01 (M48_1) indicates whether they had difficulty with night blindness (for the last birth). IPUMS Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (second to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (second to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (second to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (second to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 2 Already blind IPUMS Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (third to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (third to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (third to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (third to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 2 Already blind 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Had difficulty with night blindness during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 2 Already blind 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy (last birth) Had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy (last birth) Had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy (last birth) Had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy (last birth) Had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANVISION_01 (M47_1) indicates whether they had difficulty with daylight vision (for the last birth). IPUMS Took no drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took no drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took no drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took no drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took no drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, ANMALNONE_01 (M49Y_1) indicates whether she took no antimalarial drug while pregnant (for the last birth). IPUMS Took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, ANMALSP_01 (M49A_1) indicates whether she took the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP), also known as Fansidar, while pregnant (for the last birth). Other common trade names include Maloxine, Malafan, Metakelfin (sulphamethoxypyrazine/pyrimethamine), Novidar, and Amalar. IPUMS Took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, ANMALCHLOR_01 (M49B_1) indicates whether she took the antimalarial drug chloroquine while pregnant (for the last birth). IPUMS Took other drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took other drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took other drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took other drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) Took other drug for malaria during pregnancy (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey, ANMALOTH_01 (M49X_1) indicates whether she took some other antimalarial drug while pregnant (for the last birth). The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. IPUMS Times took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) Times took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) Times took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) Times took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) Times took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who recently gave birth and took SP/Fansidar while pregnant, ANMALSPNO_01 (ML1_01) reports the number of times the mother took SP/Fansidar during the pregnancy (for the last birth). IPUMS Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy (last birth) 1 Antenatal visit 2 Another facility visit 3 Other source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who took SP/Fansidar while the recently pregnant, ANMALSPSRC_01 (ML2_01) indicates whether the SP/Fansidar came from an antenatal care visit, another visit to a health facility, or from some other source (for the last birth). This drug is used to treat malaria. IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) 1 ANCARETZ1_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARETZ1_ALL indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a doctor, medical assistant, or assistant medical officer gave antenatal care for a birth. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. ANCARETZ1_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARETZ1_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARETZ1_02, ANCARETZ1_03, ANCARETZ1_04, ANCARETZ1_05, and ANCARETZ1_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARETZ1_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARETZ1_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a doctor, medical assistant, or assistant medical officer gave antenatal care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) 1 ANCARETZ3_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last five years, ANCARETZ3_ALL indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a Maternal and Child health aide gave antenatal care for a birth. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. ANCARETZ3_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARETZ3_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARETZ3_02, ANCARETZ3_03, ANCARETZ3_04, ANCARETZ3_05, and ANCARETZ3_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARETZ3_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, ANCARETZ3_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a Maternal and Child health aide gave antenatal care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for second to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for third to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fourth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care for fifth to last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, ANCARETZ4_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a clinical officer gave antenatal care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care for last birth (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, ANCARETZ5_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that an assistant clinical officer gave antenatal care (for the last birth). This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Home (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Home (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Home (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Home (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Home (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCHOME_01 (M57A_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at their home. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCHOME_01 may also be interested in ANCHOMEOTH_01 (received antenatal care at some "other" home). IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCPRIVHOS_01 (M57M_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a private hospital or clinic. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as ANCPRIVHOS_01, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission facility (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission facility (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission facility (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission facility (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission facility (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCPRIVMIS_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a faith-based health facility. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as ANCPRIVMIS_01, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Public health center (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public health center (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public health center (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public health center (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public health center (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCPUBHC_01 (M57F_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a public health center. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as ANCPUBHC_01, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Public hospital (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public hospital (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public hospital (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public hospital (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public hospital (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCPUBHOS_01 (M57E_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a public hospital. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as ANCPUBHOS_01, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Public health post (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public health post (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public health post (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public health post (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Public health post (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCPUBHP_01 (M57G_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a public health post. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Other (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Other (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Other (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Other (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Other (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCOTHER_01 (M57X) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at some "other" source. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish ANCOTHER_01 from ANCPUBOTH_01 ("other" under the public medical sector) and ANCPRIVOTH_01 ("other" under the private medical sector). ANCOTHER_01 includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last 5 years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCTZ1_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a public "referral/specialist hospital." This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ1_01 is combined with ANCTZ2_01 (public regional hospital) and ANCTZ3_01 (public district hospital) in ANCPUBHOS_01 (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, ANCTZ1_01 is combined with ANCTZ2_01, ANCTZ3_01, and ANCTZ4_01 (public regional referral hospital) in ANCPUBHOS_01 for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ1_01 are encouraged to review ANCPUBHOS_01 for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last 5 years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCTZ2_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a public "regional hospital." This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ2_01 is combined with ANCTZ1_01 (public referral/specialist hospital) and ANCTZ3_01 (public district hospital) in ANCPUBHOS_01 (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, ANCTZ2_01 is combined with ANCTZ1_01, ANCTZ3_01, and ANCTZ4_01 (public regional referral hospital) in ANCPUBHOS_01 for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ2_01 are encouraged to review ANCPUBHOS_01 for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last 5 years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCTZ3_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a public "district hospital." This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ3_01 is combined with ANCTZ1_01 (public referral/specialist hospital) and ANCTZ2_01 (public regional hospital) in ANCPUBHOS_01 (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, ANCTZ3_01 is combined with ANCTZ1_01, ANCTZ2_01, and ANCTZ4_01 (public regional referral hospital) in ANCPUBHOS_01 for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ3_01 are encouraged to review ANCPUBHOS_01 for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last 5 years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCTZ8_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a religious referral/specialist hospital. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ8_01 is combined with ANCTZ9_01 (religious district hospital), ANCTZ10_01 (religious health center), and ANCTZ11_01 (religious dispensary) in ANCPRIVMIS_01 (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004, 2010, 2015 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ8_01 are encouraged to review ANCPRIVMIS_01 for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last 5 years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCTZ9_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a religious district hospital. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ9_01 is combined with ANCTZ8_01 (religious referral/specialist hospital), ANCTZ10_01 (religious health center), and ANCTZ11_01 (religious dispensary) in ANCPRIVMIS_01 (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004, 2010, and 2015 Tanzanian samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ9_01 are encouraged to review ANCPRIVMIS_01 for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last 5 years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCTZ10_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a religious health center. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ10_01 is combined with ANCTZ8_01 (religious referral/specialist hospital), ANCTZ9_01 (religious district hospital), and ANCTZ11_01 (religious dispensary) in ANCPRIVMIS_01 (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004, 2010, and 2015 Tanzanian samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ10_01 are encouraged to review ANCPRIVMIS_01 for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) (last birth) Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last 5 years and who received antenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, ANCTZ11_01 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported receiving care at a religious dispensary. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ11_01 is combined with ANCTZ8_01 (religious referral/specialist hospital), ANCTZ9_01 (religious district hospital), and ANCTZ10_01 (religious health center) in ANCPRIVMIS_01 (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004, 2010, and 2015 Tanzanian samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ11_01 are encouraged to review ANCPRIVMIS_01 for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy 1 ANIRON_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANIRON_ALL (M45_x) indicates whether they took iron tablets or syrup during the pregnancy. ANIRON_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANIRON_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANIRON_02, ANIRON_03, ANIRON_04, ANIRON_05, and ANIRON_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANIRON_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For most surveys, this information on taking iron supplements during pregnancy was collected for only the most recent birth (ANIRON_01). Surveys in which the data were collected for additional births are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANIRON_01 (M45_1) indicates whether they took iron tablets or syrup during the pregnancy (for the last birth). IPUMS Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (second to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (second to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (second to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (second to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (third to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (third to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (third to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (third to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Antenatal care: Took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Days antenatal iron supplement taken Days antenatal iron supplement taken Days antenatal iron supplement taken Days antenatal iron supplement taken Days antenatal iron supplement taken 1 ANIROND_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANIROND_ALL (M46_x) indicates the number of days they took iron tablets or syrup during the pregnancy. ANIROND_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANIROND_01) up to, potentially, the sixth most recent birth (i.e., ANIROND_02, ANIROND_03, ANIROND_04, ANIROND_05, and ANIROND_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANIROND_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For most surveys, this information on days of taking iron supplements during pregnancy was collected for only the most recent birth (ANIROND_01). Surveys in which the data were collected for additional births are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Days antenatal iron supplement taken (last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (last birth) 000 Not taken 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANIROND_01 (M46_1) indicates the number of days they took iron tablets or syrup (for the last birth). IPUMS Days antenatal iron supplement taken (second to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (second to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (second to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (second to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (second to last birth) 000 Not taken 001 1 day 002 2 days 003 3 days 004 4 days 005 5 days 006 6 days 007 7 days 008 8 days 009 9 days 010 10 days 011 11 days 012 12 days 013 13 days 014 14 days 015 15 days 016 16 days 017 17 days 018 18 days 019 19 days 020 20 days 021 21 days 022 22 days 023 23 days 024 24 days 025 25 days 026 26 days 027 27 days 028 28 days 029 29 days 030 30 days 031 31 days 032 32 days 033 33 days 034 34 days 035 35 days 036 36 days 037 37 days 038 38 days 039 39 days 040 40 days 041 41 days 042 42 days 043 43 days 044 44 days 045 45 days 046 46 days 047 47 days 048 48 days 049 49 days 050 50 days 051 51 days 052 52 days 053 53 days 054 54 days 055 55 days 056 56 days 057 57 days 058 58 days 059 59 days 060 60 days 061 61 days 062 62 days 063 63 days 064 64 days 065 65 days 066 66 days 067 67 days 068 68 days 069 69 days 070 70 days 071 71 days 072 72 days 073 73 days 074 74 days 075 75 days 076 76 days 077 77 days 078 78 days 079 79 days 080 80 days 081 81 days 082 82 days 083 83 days 084 84 days 085 85 days 086 86 days 087 87 days 088 88 days 089 89 days 090 90 days 091 91 days 092 92 days 093 93 days 094 94 days 095 95 days 096 96 days 097 97 days 098 98 days 099 99 days 100 100 days 101 101 days 102 102 days 103 103 days 104 104 days 105 105 days 106 106 days 107 107 days 108 108 days 109 109 days 110 110 days 111 111 days 112 112 days 113 113 days 114 114 days 115 115 days 116 116 days 117 117 days 118 118 days 119 119 days 120 120 days 121 121 days 122 122 days 123 123 days 124 124 days 125 125 days 126 126 days 127 127 days 128 128 days 129 129 days 130 130 days 131 131 days 132 132 days 133 133 days 134 134 days 135 135 days 136 136 days 137 137 days 138 138 days 139 139 days 140 140 days 141 141 days 142 142 days 143 143 days 144 144 days 145 145 days 146 146 days 147 147 days 148 148 days 149 149 days 150 150 days 151 151 days 152 152 days 153 153 days 154 154 days 155 155 days 156 156 days 157 157 days 158 158 days 159 159 days 160 160 days 161 161 days 162 162 days 163 163 days 164 164 days 165 165 days 166 166 days 167 167 days 168 168 days 169 169 days 170 170 days 171 171 days 172 172 days 173 173 days 174 174 days 175 175 days 176 176 days 177 177 days 178 178 days 179 179 days 180 180 days 181 181 days 182 182 days 183 183 days 184 184 days 185 185 days 186 186 days 187 187 days 188 188 days 189 189 days 190 190 days 191 191 days 192 192 days 193 193 days 194 194 days 195 195 days 196 196 days 197 197 days 198 198 days 199 199 days 200 200 days 201 201 days 202 202 days 203 203 days 204 204 days 205 205 days 206 206 days 207 207 days 208 208 days 209 209 days 210 210 days 211 211 days 212 212 days 213 213 days 214 214 days 215 215 days 216 216 days 217 217 days 218 218 days 219 219 days 220 220 days 221 221 days 222 222 days 223 223 days 224 224 days 225 225 days 226 226 days 227 227 days 228 228 days 229 229 days 230 230 days 231 231 days 232 232 days 233 233 days 234 234 days 235 235 days 236 236 days 237 237 days 238 238 days 239 239 days 240 240 days 241 241 days 242 242 days 243 243 days 244 244 days 245 245 days 246 246 days 247 247 days 248 248 days 249 249 days 250 250 days 251 251 days 252 252 days 253 253 days 254 254 days 255 255 days 256 256 days 257 257 days 258 258 days 259 259 days 260 260 days 261 261 days 262 262 days 263 263 days 264 264 days 265 265 days 266 266 days 267 267 days 268 268 days 269 269 days 270 270 days 271 271 days 272 272 days 273 273 days 274 274 days 275 275 days 276 276 days 277 277 days 278 278 days 279 279 days 280 280 days 281 281 days 282 282 days 283 283 days 284 284 days 285 285 days 286 286 days 287 287 days 288 288 days 289 289 days 290 290 days 291 291 days 292 292 days 293 293 days 294 294 days 295 295 days 296 296 days 297 297 days 298 298 days 299 299 days 300 300 days 301 301 days 302 302 days 303 303 days 304 304 days 305 305 days 306 306 days 307 307 days 308 308 days 309 309 days 310 310 days 311 311 days 312 312 days 313 313 days 314 314 days 315 315 days 316 316 days 317 317 days 318 318 days 319 319 days 320 320 days 321 321 days 322 322 days 323 323 days 324 324 days 325 325 days 326 326 days 327 327 days 328 328 days 329 329 days 330 330 days 331 331 days 332 332 days 333 333 days 334 334 days 335 335 days 336 336 days 337 337 days 338 338 days 339 339 days 340 340 days 341 341 days 342 342 days 343 343 days 344 344 days 345 345 days 346 346 days 347 347 days 348 348 days 349 349 days 350 350 days 360 360 days 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Days antenatal iron supplement taken (third to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (third to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (third to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (third to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (third to last birth) 000 Not taken 001 1 day 002 2 days 003 3 days 004 4 days 005 5 days 006 6 days 007 7 days 008 8 days 009 9 days 010 10 days 011 11 days 012 12 days 013 13 days 014 14 days 015 15 days 016 16 days 017 17 days 018 18 days 019 19 days 020 20 days 021 21 days 022 22 days 023 23 days 024 24 days 025 25 days 026 26 days 027 27 days 028 28 days 029 29 days 030 30 days 031 31 days 032 32 days 033 33 days 034 34 days 035 35 days 036 36 days 037 37 days 038 38 days 039 39 days 040 40 days 041 41 days 042 42 days 043 43 days 044 44 days 045 45 days 046 46 days 047 47 days 048 48 days 049 49 days 050 50 days 051 51 days 052 52 days 053 53 days 054 54 days 055 55 days 056 56 days 057 57 days 058 58 days 059 59 days 060 60 days 061 61 days 062 62 days 063 63 days 064 64 days 065 65 days 066 66 days 067 67 days 068 68 days 069 69 days 070 70 days 071 71 days 072 72 days 073 73 days 074 74 days 075 75 days 076 76 days 077 77 days 078 78 days 079 79 days 080 80 days 081 81 days 082 82 days 083 83 days 084 84 days 085 85 days 086 86 days 087 87 days 088 88 days 089 89 days 090 90 days 091 91 days 092 92 days 093 93 days 094 94 days 095 95 days 096 96 days 097 97 days 098 98 days 099 99 days 100 100 days 101 101 days 102 102 days 103 103 days 104 104 days 105 105 days 106 106 days 107 107 days 108 108 days 109 109 days 110 110 days 111 111 days 112 112 days 113 113 days 114 114 days 115 115 days 116 116 days 117 117 days 118 118 days 119 119 days 120 120 days 121 121 days 122 122 days 123 123 days 124 124 days 125 125 days 126 126 days 127 127 days 128 128 days 129 129 days 130 130 days 131 131 days 132 132 days 133 133 days 134 134 days 135 135 days 136 136 days 137 137 days 138 138 days 139 139 days 140 140 days 141 141 days 142 142 days 143 143 days 144 144 days 145 145 days 146 146 days 147 147 days 148 148 days 149 149 days 150 150 days 151 151 days 152 152 days 153 153 days 154 154 days 155 155 days 156 156 days 157 157 days 158 158 days 159 159 days 160 160 days 161 161 days 162 162 days 163 163 days 164 164 days 165 165 days 166 166 days 167 167 days 168 168 days 169 169 days 170 170 days 171 171 days 172 172 days 173 173 days 174 174 days 175 175 days 176 176 days 177 177 days 178 178 days 179 179 days 180 180 days 181 181 days 182 182 days 183 183 days 184 184 days 185 185 days 186 186 days 187 187 days 188 188 days 189 189 days 190 190 days 191 191 days 192 192 days 193 193 days 194 194 days 195 195 days 196 196 days 197 197 days 198 198 days 199 199 days 200 200 days 201 201 days 202 202 days 203 203 days 204 204 days 205 205 days 206 206 days 207 207 days 208 208 days 209 209 days 210 210 days 211 211 days 212 212 days 213 213 days 214 214 days 215 215 days 216 216 days 217 217 days 218 218 days 219 219 days 220 220 days 221 221 days 222 222 days 223 223 days 224 224 days 225 225 days 226 226 days 227 227 days 228 228 days 229 229 days 230 230 days 231 231 days 232 232 days 233 233 days 234 234 days 235 235 days 236 236 days 237 237 days 238 238 days 239 239 days 240 240 days 241 241 days 242 242 days 243 243 days 244 244 days 245 245 days 246 246 days 247 247 days 248 248 days 249 249 days 250 250 days 251 251 days 252 252 days 253 253 days 254 254 days 255 255 days 256 256 days 257 257 days 258 258 days 259 259 days 260 260 days 261 261 days 262 262 days 263 263 days 264 264 days 265 265 days 266 266 days 267 267 days 268 268 days 269 269 days 270 270 days 271 271 days 272 272 days 273 273 days 274 274 days 275 275 days 276 276 days 277 277 days 278 278 days 279 279 days 280 280 days 281 281 days 282 282 days 283 283 days 284 284 days 285 285 days 286 286 days 287 287 days 288 288 days 289 289 days 290 290 days 291 291 days 292 292 days 293 293 days 294 294 days 295 295 days 296 296 days 297 297 days 298 298 days 299 299 days 300 300 days 301 301 days 302 302 days 303 303 days 304 304 days 305 305 days 306 306 days 307 307 days 308 308 days 309 309 days 310 310 days 311 311 days 312 312 days 313 313 days 314 314 days 315 315 days 316 316 days 317 317 days 318 318 days 319 319 days 320 320 days 321 321 days 322 322 days 323 323 days 324 324 days 325 325 days 326 326 days 327 327 days 328 328 days 329 329 days 330 330 days 331 331 days 332 332 days 333 333 days 334 334 days 335 335 days 336 336 days 337 337 days 338 338 days 339 339 days 340 340 days 341 341 days 342 342 days 343 343 days 344 344 days 345 345 days 346 346 days 347 347 days 348 348 days 349 349 days 350 350 days 360 360 days 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fourth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fourth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fourth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fourth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fourth to last birth) 000 Not taken 001 1 day 002 2 days 003 3 days 004 4 days 005 5 days 006 6 days 007 7 days 008 8 days 009 9 days 010 10 days 011 11 days 012 12 days 013 13 days 014 14 days 015 15 days 016 16 days 017 17 days 018 18 days 019 19 days 020 20 days 021 21 days 022 22 days 023 23 days 024 24 days 025 25 days 026 26 days 027 27 days 028 28 days 029 29 days 030 30 days 031 31 days 032 32 days 033 33 days 034 34 days 035 35 days 036 36 days 037 37 days 038 38 days 039 39 days 040 40 days 041 41 days 042 42 days 043 43 days 044 44 days 045 45 days 046 46 days 047 47 days 048 48 days 049 49 days 050 50 days 051 51 days 052 52 days 053 53 days 054 54 days 055 55 days 056 56 days 057 57 days 058 58 days 059 59 days 060 60 days 061 61 days 062 62 days 063 63 days 064 64 days 065 65 days 066 66 days 067 67 days 068 68 days 069 69 days 070 70 days 071 71 days 072 72 days 073 73 days 074 74 days 075 75 days 076 76 days 077 77 days 078 78 days 079 79 days 080 80 days 081 81 days 082 82 days 083 83 days 084 84 days 085 85 days 086 86 days 087 87 days 088 88 days 089 89 days 090 90 days 091 91 days 092 92 days 093 93 days 094 94 days 095 95 days 096 96 days 097 97 days 098 98 days 099 99 days 100 100 days 101 101 days 102 102 days 103 103 days 104 104 days 105 105 days 106 106 days 107 107 days 108 108 days 109 109 days 110 110 days 111 111 days 112 112 days 113 113 days 114 114 days 115 115 days 116 116 days 117 117 days 118 118 days 119 119 days 120 120 days 121 121 days 122 122 days 123 123 days 124 124 days 125 125 days 126 126 days 127 127 days 128 128 days 129 129 days 130 130 days 131 131 days 132 132 days 133 133 days 134 134 days 135 135 days 136 136 days 137 137 days 138 138 days 139 139 days 140 140 days 141 141 days 142 142 days 143 143 days 144 144 days 145 145 days 146 146 days 147 147 days 148 148 days 149 149 days 150 150 days 151 151 days 152 152 days 153 153 days 154 154 days 155 155 days 156 156 days 157 157 days 158 158 days 159 159 days 160 160 days 161 161 days 162 162 days 163 163 days 164 164 days 165 165 days 166 166 days 167 167 days 168 168 days 169 169 days 170 170 days 171 171 days 172 172 days 173 173 days 174 174 days 175 175 days 176 176 days 177 177 days 178 178 days 179 179 days 180 180 days 181 181 days 182 182 days 183 183 days 184 184 days 185 185 days 186 186 days 187 187 days 188 188 days 189 189 days 190 190 days 191 191 days 192 192 days 193 193 days 194 194 days 195 195 days 196 196 days 197 197 days 198 198 days 199 199 days 200 200 days 201 201 days 202 202 days 203 203 days 204 204 days 205 205 days 206 206 days 207 207 days 208 208 days 209 209 days 210 210 days 211 211 days 212 212 days 213 213 days 214 214 days 215 215 days 216 216 days 217 217 days 218 218 days 219 219 days 220 220 days 221 221 days 222 222 days 223 223 days 224 224 days 225 225 days 226 226 days 227 227 days 228 228 days 229 229 days 230 230 days 231 231 days 232 232 days 233 233 days 234 234 days 235 235 days 236 236 days 237 237 days 238 238 days 239 239 days 240 240 days 241 241 days 242 242 days 243 243 days 244 244 days 245 245 days 246 246 days 247 247 days 248 248 days 249 249 days 250 250 days 251 251 days 252 252 days 253 253 days 254 254 days 255 255 days 256 256 days 257 257 days 258 258 days 259 259 days 260 260 days 261 261 days 262 262 days 263 263 days 264 264 days 265 265 days 266 266 days 267 267 days 268 268 days 269 269 days 270 270 days 271 271 days 272 272 days 273 273 days 274 274 days 275 275 days 276 276 days 277 277 days 278 278 days 279 279 days 280 280 days 281 281 days 282 282 days 283 283 days 284 284 days 285 285 days 286 286 days 287 287 days 288 288 days 289 289 days 290 290 days 291 291 days 292 292 days 293 293 days 294 294 days 295 295 days 296 296 days 297 297 days 298 298 days 299 299 days 300 300 days 301 301 days 302 302 days 303 303 days 304 304 days 305 305 days 306 306 days 307 307 days 308 308 days 309 309 days 310 310 days 311 311 days 312 312 days 313 313 days 314 314 days 315 315 days 316 316 days 317 317 days 318 318 days 319 319 days 320 320 days 321 321 days 322 322 days 323 323 days 324 324 days 325 325 days 326 326 days 327 327 days 328 328 days 329 329 days 330 330 days 331 331 days 332 332 days 333 333 days 334 334 days 335 335 days 336 336 days 337 337 days 338 338 days 339 339 days 340 340 days 341 341 days 342 342 days 343 343 days 344 344 days 345 345 days 346 346 days 347 347 days 348 348 days 349 349 days 350 350 days 360 360 days 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fifth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fifth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fifth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fifth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (fifth to last birth) 000 Not taken 001 1 day 002 2 days 003 3 days 004 4 days 005 5 days 006 6 days 007 7 days 008 8 days 009 9 days 010 10 days 011 11 days 012 12 days 013 13 days 014 14 days 015 15 days 016 16 days 017 17 days 018 18 days 019 19 days 020 20 days 021 21 days 022 22 days 023 23 days 024 24 days 025 25 days 026 26 days 027 27 days 028 28 days 029 29 days 030 30 days 031 31 days 032 32 days 033 33 days 034 34 days 035 35 days 036 36 days 037 37 days 038 38 days 039 39 days 040 40 days 041 41 days 042 42 days 043 43 days 044 44 days 045 45 days 046 46 days 047 47 days 048 48 days 049 49 days 050 50 days 051 51 days 052 52 days 053 53 days 054 54 days 055 55 days 056 56 days 057 57 days 058 58 days 059 59 days 060 60 days 061 61 days 062 62 days 063 63 days 064 64 days 065 65 days 066 66 days 067 67 days 068 68 days 069 69 days 070 70 days 071 71 days 072 72 days 073 73 days 074 74 days 075 75 days 076 76 days 077 77 days 078 78 days 079 79 days 080 80 days 081 81 days 082 82 days 083 83 days 084 84 days 085 85 days 086 86 days 087 87 days 088 88 days 089 89 days 090 90 days 091 91 days 092 92 days 093 93 days 094 94 days 095 95 days 096 96 days 097 97 days 098 98 days 099 99 days 100 100 days 101 101 days 102 102 days 103 103 days 104 104 days 105 105 days 106 106 days 107 107 days 108 108 days 109 109 days 110 110 days 111 111 days 112 112 days 113 113 days 114 114 days 115 115 days 116 116 days 117 117 days 118 118 days 119 119 days 120 120 days 121 121 days 122 122 days 123 123 days 124 124 days 125 125 days 126 126 days 127 127 days 128 128 days 129 129 days 130 130 days 131 131 days 132 132 days 133 133 days 134 134 days 135 135 days 136 136 days 137 137 days 138 138 days 139 139 days 140 140 days 141 141 days 142 142 days 143 143 days 144 144 days 145 145 days 146 146 days 147 147 days 148 148 days 149 149 days 150 150 days 151 151 days 152 152 days 153 153 days 154 154 days 155 155 days 156 156 days 157 157 days 158 158 days 159 159 days 160 160 days 161 161 days 162 162 days 163 163 days 164 164 days 165 165 days 166 166 days 167 167 days 168 168 days 169 169 days 170 170 days 171 171 days 172 172 days 173 173 days 174 174 days 175 175 days 176 176 days 177 177 days 178 178 days 179 179 days 180 180 days 181 181 days 182 182 days 183 183 days 184 184 days 185 185 days 186 186 days 187 187 days 188 188 days 189 189 days 190 190 days 191 191 days 192 192 days 193 193 days 194 194 days 195 195 days 196 196 days 197 197 days 198 198 days 199 199 days 200 200 days 201 201 days 202 202 days 203 203 days 204 204 days 205 205 days 206 206 days 207 207 days 208 208 days 209 209 days 210 210 days 211 211 days 212 212 days 213 213 days 214 214 days 215 215 days 216 216 days 217 217 days 218 218 days 219 219 days 220 220 days 221 221 days 222 222 days 223 223 days 224 224 days 225 225 days 226 226 days 227 227 days 228 228 days 229 229 days 230 230 days 231 231 days 232 232 days 233 233 days 234 234 days 235 235 days 236 236 days 237 237 days 238 238 days 239 239 days 240 240 days 241 241 days 242 242 days 243 243 days 244 244 days 245 245 days 246 246 days 247 247 days 248 248 days 249 249 days 250 250 days 251 251 days 252 252 days 253 253 days 254 254 days 255 255 days 256 256 days 257 257 days 258 258 days 259 259 days 260 260 days 261 261 days 262 262 days 263 263 days 264 264 days 265 265 days 266 266 days 267 267 days 268 268 days 269 269 days 270 270 days 271 271 days 272 272 days 273 273 days 274 274 days 275 275 days 276 276 days 277 277 days 278 278 days 279 279 days 280 280 days 281 281 days 282 282 days 283 283 days 284 284 days 285 285 days 286 286 days 287 287 days 288 288 days 289 289 days 290 290 days 291 291 days 292 292 days 293 293 days 294 294 days 295 295 days 296 296 days 297 297 days 298 298 days 299 299 days 300 300 days 301 301 days 302 302 days 303 303 days 304 304 days 305 305 days 306 306 days 307 307 days 308 308 days 309 309 days 310 310 days 311 311 days 312 312 days 313 313 days 314 314 days 315 315 days 316 316 days 317 317 days 318 318 days 319 319 days 320 320 days 321 321 days 322 322 days 323 323 days 324 324 days 325 325 days 326 326 days 327 327 days 328 328 days 329 329 days 330 330 days 331 331 days 332 332 days 333 333 days 334 334 days 335 335 days 336 336 days 337 337 days 338 338 days 339 339 days 340 340 days 341 341 days 342 342 days 343 343 days 344 344 days 345 345 days 346 346 days 347 347 days 348 348 days 349 349 days 350 350 days 360 360 days 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Days antenatal iron supplement taken (sixth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (sixth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (sixth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (sixth to last birth) Days antenatal iron supplement taken (sixth to last birth) 000 Not taken 001 1 day 002 2 days 003 3 days 004 4 days 005 5 days 006 6 days 007 7 days 008 8 days 009 9 days 010 10 days 011 11 days 012 12 days 013 13 days 014 14 days 015 15 days 016 16 days 017 17 days 018 18 days 019 19 days 020 20 days 021 21 days 022 22 days 023 23 days 024 24 days 025 25 days 026 26 days 027 27 days 028 28 days 029 29 days 030 30 days 031 31 days 032 32 days 033 33 days 034 34 days 035 35 days 036 36 days 037 37 days 038 38 days 039 39 days 040 40 days 041 41 days 042 42 days 043 43 days 044 44 days 045 45 days 046 46 days 047 47 days 048 48 days 049 49 days 050 50 days 051 51 days 052 52 days 053 53 days 054 54 days 055 55 days 056 56 days 057 57 days 058 58 days 059 59 days 060 60 days 061 61 days 062 62 days 063 63 days 064 64 days 065 65 days 066 66 days 067 67 days 068 68 days 069 69 days 070 70 days 071 71 days 072 72 days 073 73 days 074 74 days 075 75 days 076 76 days 077 77 days 078 78 days 079 79 days 080 80 days 081 81 days 082 82 days 083 83 days 084 84 days 085 85 days 086 86 days 087 87 days 088 88 days 089 89 days 090 90 days 091 91 days 092 92 days 093 93 days 094 94 days 095 95 days 096 96 days 097 97 days 098 98 days 099 99 days 100 100 days 101 101 days 102 102 days 103 103 days 104 104 days 105 105 days 106 106 days 107 107 days 108 108 days 109 109 days 110 110 days 111 111 days 112 112 days 113 113 days 114 114 days 115 115 days 116 116 days 117 117 days 118 118 days 119 119 days 120 120 days 121 121 days 122 122 days 123 123 days 124 124 days 125 125 days 126 126 days 127 127 days 128 128 days 129 129 days 130 130 days 131 131 days 132 132 days 133 133 days 134 134 days 135 135 days 136 136 days 137 137 days 138 138 days 139 139 days 140 140 days 141 141 days 142 142 days 143 143 days 144 144 days 145 145 days 146 146 days 147 147 days 148 148 days 149 149 days 150 150 days 151 151 days 152 152 days 153 153 days 154 154 days 155 155 days 156 156 days 157 157 days 158 158 days 159 159 days 160 160 days 161 161 days 162 162 days 163 163 days 164 164 days 165 165 days 166 166 days 167 167 days 168 168 days 169 169 days 170 170 days 171 171 days 172 172 days 173 173 days 174 174 days 175 175 days 176 176 days 177 177 days 178 178 days 179 179 days 180 180 days 181 181 days 182 182 days 183 183 days 184 184 days 185 185 days 186 186 days 187 187 days 188 188 days 189 189 days 190 190 days 191 191 days 192 192 days 193 193 days 194 194 days 195 195 days 196 196 days 197 197 days 198 198 days 199 199 days 200 200 days 201 201 days 202 202 days 203 203 days 204 204 days 205 205 days 206 206 days 207 207 days 208 208 days 209 209 days 210 210 days 211 211 days 212 212 days 213 213 days 214 214 days 215 215 days 216 216 days 217 217 days 218 218 days 219 219 days 220 220 days 221 221 days 222 222 days 223 223 days 224 224 days 225 225 days 226 226 days 227 227 days 228 228 days 229 229 days 230 230 days 231 231 days 232 232 days 233 233 days 234 234 days 235 235 days 236 236 days 237 237 days 238 238 days 239 239 days 240 240 days 241 241 days 242 242 days 243 243 days 244 244 days 245 245 days 246 246 days 247 247 days 248 248 days 249 249 days 250 250 days 251 251 days 252 252 days 253 253 days 254 254 days 255 255 days 256 256 days 257 257 days 258 258 days 259 259 days 260 260 days 261 261 days 262 262 days 263 263 days 264 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341 days 342 342 days 343 343 days 344 344 days 345 345 days 346 346 days 347 347 days 348 348 days 349 349 days 350 350 days 360 360 days 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Told about pregnancy complications Told about pregnancy complications Told about pregnancy complications Told about pregnancy complications Told about pregnancy complications 1 ANCARECOM_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARECOM_ALL (M43_x) indicates whether the woman was told about the signs of pregnancy complications during an antenatal care visit. ANCARECOM_ALL consists of separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARECOM_01) and, in some cases, additional births, up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARECOM_02, ANCARECOM_03, ANCARECOM_04, ANCARECOM_05, and ANCARECOM_06). For most surveys, this information on informing the woman about pregnancy complications was collected for only the most recent birth; exceptions are noted in the comparability section. IPUMS Told about pregnancy complications (last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, ANCARECOM_01 (M43_1) indicates whether the woman was told about the signs of pregnancy complications during antenatal care (for the last birth). IPUMS Told about pregnancy complications (second to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (second to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (second to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (second to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Told about pregnancy complications (third to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (third to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (third to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (third to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Told about pregnancy complications (fourth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (fourth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (fourth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (fourth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Told about pregnancy complications (fifth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (fifth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (fifth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (fifth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Told about pregnancy complications (sixth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (sixth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (sixth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (sixth to last birth) Told about pregnancy complications (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMENNOW (V405) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum amenorrheic. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if menstruation resumed after birth. Women who are currently pregnant (irrespective of whether the woman's period returned after her last birth) and women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently amenorrheic, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining No 1 Yes PPABSTAINNOW (V406) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum abstaining from sex. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if the respondent has resumed sexual relations since her last birth. Women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently abstaining, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Birth index history number Birth index history number Birth index history number Birth index history number Birth index history number 1 BIDX_ALL available BIDX_ALL reports the index number of the child in the mother's birth history, from 1 to n, where the nth birth is the mother's first birth, and 1 is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. After saying "Now I would like to record the names of all your births, whether still alive or not, starting with the first one you had," the interviewer recorded each child's name in turn on successively numbered lines printed in the "Reproduction" section of the individual woman's questionnaire. When women are the unit of analysis, all of their children's characteristics are reported using the index number of the birth history. For example, variables ending with "_01" always refer to the most recent birth. This means that BIDX_01 will always equal "1," BIDX_02 will always equal "2," and so on. Combined with CASEID, BIDX_ALL uniquely identifies births within a sample. Combined with IDHSPID, BIDX_ALL uniquely identifies births across samples. Using these variables, data users can link IPUMS-DHS data to original DHS child-level (KR) and birth-level (BR) datasets. BIDX_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIDX_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (BIDX_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If BIDX_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIDX_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Birth index history number (last-born child) Birth index history number (last-born child) Birth index history number (last-born child) Birth index history number (last-born child) Birth index history number (last-born child) 01 1 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) 03 3 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) 04 4 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) 05 5 99 NIU (not in universe IPUMS Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) 06 6 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) 07 7 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) 08 8 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 14 14 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 15 15 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 16 16 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 17 17 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 19 19 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number 1 KIDBORD_ALL available KIDBORD_ALL (BORD_x) reports the birth order in which the child was born, from 1 to n, where 1 equals the first child born to a mother, and the nth birth is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. KIDBORD_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDBORD_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDBORD_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDBORD_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDBORD_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's birth order number (last-born child) Child's birth order number (last-born child) Child's birth order number (last-born child) Child's birth order number (last-born child) Child's birth order number (last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) 01 1 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth Child is a twin or single birth Child is a twin or single birth Child is a twin or single birth Child is a twin or single birth 1 KIDTWIN_ALL available KIDTWIN_ALL (B0_x) reports whether the child is a twin (or born in a multiple birth) or is a singleton (single) birth. KIDTWIN_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDTWIN_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDTWIN_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDTWIN_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDTWIN_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth 1 KIDBIRTHMO_ALL available KIDBIRTHMO_ALL (B1_x) reports the child's month of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. KIDBIRTHMO_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDBIRTHMO_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDBIRTHMO_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDBIRTHMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDBIRTHMO_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's month of birth (last-born child) Child's month of birth (last-born child) Child's month of birth (last-born child) Child's month of birth (last-born child) Child's month of birth (last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth 1 KIDBIRTHYR_ALL available KIDBIRTHYR_ALL (B2_x) reports the child's year of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. KIDBIRTHYR_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDBIRTHYR_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDBIRTHYR_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDBIRTHYR_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDBIRTHYR_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's year of birth (last-born child) Child's year of birth (last-born child) Child's year of birth (last-born child) Child's year of birth (last-born child) Child's year of birth (last-born child) 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) 1 KIDDOBCMC_ALL available KIDDOBCMC_ALL (B3_x) reports the century month code for the date of birth of the child. KIDDOBCMC_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDDOBCMC_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDDOBCMC_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDDOBCMC_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDDOBCMC_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child 1 KIDSEX_ALL available KIDSEX _ALL (B4_x) reports the sex of each birth reported by women of childbearing age. KIDSEX_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDSEX_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDSEX_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDSEX_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDSEX_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Sex of child (most recent birth) Sex of child (most recent birth) Sex of child (most recent birth) Sex of child (most recent birth) Sex of child (most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (second most recent birth) Sex of child (second most recent birth) Sex of child (second most recent birth) Sex of child (second most recent birth) Sex of child (second most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (third most recent birth) Sex of child (third most recent birth) Sex of child (third most recent birth) Sex of child (third most recent birth) Sex of child (third most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive 1 KIDALIVE_ALL available KIDALIVE _ALL (B5_x) indicates whether each birth reported by a woman of childbearing age is alive. KIDALIVE_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDALIVE_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDALIVE_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDALIVE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDALIVE_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child is alive (most recent birth) Child is alive (most recent birth) Child is alive (most recent birth) Child is alive (most recent birth) Child is alive (most recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (second most recent birth) Child is alive (second most recent birth) Child is alive (second most recent birth) Child is alive (second most recent birth) Child is alive (second most recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (third most recent birth) Child is alive (third most recent birth) Child is alive (third most recent birth) Child is alive (third most recent birth) Child is alive (third most recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (sixth recent birth) Child is alive (sixth recent birth) Child is alive (sixth recent birth) Child is alive (sixth recent birth) Child is alive (sixth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (seventh recent birth) Child is alive (seventh recent birth) Child is alive (seventh recent birth) Child is alive (seventh recent birth) Child is alive (seventh recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (eighth recent birth) Child is alive (eighth recent birth) Child is alive (eighth recent birth) Child is alive (eighth recent birth) Child is alive (eighth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (ninth recent birth) Child is alive (ninth recent birth) Child is alive (ninth recent birth) Child is alive (ninth recent birth) Child is alive (ninth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (tenth recent birth) Child is alive (tenth recent birth) Child is alive (tenth recent birth) Child is alive (tenth recent birth) Child is alive (tenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household 1 LINENOKID_ALL available LINENOKID_ALL (B16_x) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the child's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking the household survey respondent, "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. KIDCURAGE_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDCURAGE_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDCURAGE_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDCURAGE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDCURAGE_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Line number of child in household (last-born child) Line number of child in household (last-born child) Line number of child in household (last-born child) Line number of child in household (last-born child) Line number of child in household (last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (second-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (second-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (second-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (second-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (second-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (third-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (third-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (third-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (third-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (third-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (fourth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fourth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fourth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fourth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fourth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (fifth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fifth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fifth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fifth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fifth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (sixth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (sixth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (sixth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (sixth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (sixth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (seventh-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (seventh-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (seventh-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (seventh-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (seventh-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (eighth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eighth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eighth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eighth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eighth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (ninth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (ninth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (ninth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (ninth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (ninth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (tenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (tenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (tenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (tenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (tenth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (eleventh-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eleventh-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eleventh-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eleventh-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eleventh-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (twelfth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (twelfth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (twelfth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (twelfth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (twelfth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of child in household (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Line number of child in household (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Not listed in household 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) Child's age at death (non-imputed) Child's age at death (non-imputed) Child's age at death (non-imputed) Child's age at death (non-imputed) 1 KIDAGEDEATH_ALL available KIDAGEDEATH_ALL (B6_x) reports the age of the deceased child at death. The first digit of the codes indicates the time unit: 100: Days 200: Months 300: Years KIDAGEDEATH_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDAGEDEATH_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDAGEDEATH_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDAGEDEATH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDAGEDEATH_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 297 Months: Inconsistant 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistant 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) See KIDAGEDEATH_ALL. IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 259 59 months 297 Months: Inconsistant 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 339 39 years 340 40 years 397 Years: Inconsistant 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistant 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 297 Months: Inconsistant 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 397 Years: Inconsistant 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistant 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 197 Days: Inconsistant 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 259 59 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 397 Years: Inconsistant 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistant 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 197 Days: Inconsistant 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 297 Months: Inconsistant 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 339 39 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 297 Months: Inconsistent 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Monoths: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don’t know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 198 Days: Don’t know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) 1 KIDAGEDIEDIMP_ALL available KIDAGEDIEDIMP _ALL (B7_x) reports the age of the deceased child at death in months (including imputed ages). KIDAGEDIEDIMP_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDAGEDIEDIMP_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDAGEDIEDIMP_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDAGEDIEDIMP_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDAGEDIEDIMP_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child 1 KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_ALL available KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_ALL (B13_x) reports the type of problem, if any, found when editing responses about the child's age at death (in KIDAGEDEATH_ALL). A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years 1 KIDCURAGE_ALL available KIDCURAGE_ALL (B8_x) reports the current age of the living child, in years, at the time of the survey. KIDCURAGE_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDCURAGE_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDCURAGE_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDCURAGE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDCURAGE_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Current age of child in years (last-born child) Current age of child in years (last-born child) Current age of child in years (last-born child) Current age of child in years (last-born child) Current age of child in years (last-born child) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) 34 34 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others Child lives with female respondent or others Child lives with female respondent or others Child lives with female respondent or others Child lives with female respondent or others 1 KIDLIVESWITH_ALL available KIDLIVESWITH_ALL (B9_x) reports the person with whom the child usually lives (i.e., the child's mother or someone else). KIDLIVESWITH_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDLIVESWITH_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDLIVESWITH_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDLIVESWITH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDLIVESWITH_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth 1 KIDAGEINFO_ALL available KIDAGEINFO_ALL (B10_x) reports the completeness of information about the child's age and date of birth. KIDAGEINFO_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDAGEINFO_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDAGEINFO_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDAGEINFO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDAGEINFO_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all inputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year- age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months Length of preceeding birth interval, in months Length of preceeding birth interval, in months Length of preceeding birth interval, in months Length of preceeding birth interval, in months 1 BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL available BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL (B11_x) reports the preceding birth interval, or the length of time in months until the child was born, after the mother's previous birth (i.e., after the child's next oldest sibling). Because BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL relates to the child's older sibling, first-born children and twins of first-born children are not included in this variable set. BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHINTPREMO_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (BIRTHINTPREMO_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHINTPREMO_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months 1 BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL available BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL (B12_x) reports the succeeding birth interval, or the length of time in months, after the child was born, until the mother's next birth (i.e., before the child's next youngest sibling). Because BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL relates to the child's younger sibling, last-born children and twins of last-born children are not included in this variable set. BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL consists of a set of nineteen separate variables, covering the second-most-recent birth (BIRTHINTPOSTMO_02) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (BIRTHINTPOSTMO_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all but the most recent birth for a woman, up to a maximum of her twentieth birth. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to the twentieth births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had a 19th or 20th birth). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHINTPOSTMO_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth 1 OTHBIRTHININT_ALL available OTHBIRTHININT_ALL (B15_x) indicates whether there were any other live births in the interval between this birth and the previously reported birth. The survey form included the question, "Were there any other live births between (NAME OF PREVIOUS BIRTH) and (NAME), including any children who died?" For DHS Phase III only, OTHBIRTHININT_ALL (B15_x) is limited to "Births for which the interval between the birth and the previously reported birth was four or more years (B14 =1)," according to the Recode Manuals. For later Phases, the universe is all second- and higher-order births. The DHS Recode Manuals include the following explanatory note about this variable: Variables B14 and B15 are questions used in the interview to try and ascertain if the respondent had omitted any live births while reporting her birth history. The birth history may have been modified during the interviewing process, and the responses may not now correspond to the interval between the birth and the preceding birth recorded in this section. The data have been included to help indicate cases where the respondent may have omitted live births while originally reporting the birth history. The omitted births should be included in this final version of the birth history. OTHBIRTHININT_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (OTHBIRTHININT_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (OTHBIRTHININT_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If OTHBIRTHININT_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then OTHBIRTHININT_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (second-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (second-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (second-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (second-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (second-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (third-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (third-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (third-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (third-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (third-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventh-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (ninth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (tenth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) 1 BIRTHSZ_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHSZ_ALL (M18_x) indicates the size of child at birth, reported subjectively. BIRTHSZ_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHSZ_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BIRTHSZ_02, BIRTHSZ_03, BIRTHSZ_04, BIRTHSZ_05, and BIRTHSZ_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BIRTHSZ_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHSZ_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See BIRTHSZ_ALL. IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos 1 BIRTHWT_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHWT_ALL (M19_x) reports the child's birthweight in kilos with three implied decimal places (or, alternatively stated, in grams with no decimal places). Children who were not weighed are coded 9996. BIRTHWT_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHWT_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BIRTHWT_02, BIRTHWT_03, BIRTHWT_04, BIRTHWT_05, and BIRTHWT_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BIRTHWT_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHWT_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (last birth) Birthweight in kilos (last birth) Birthweight in kilos (last birth) Birthweight in kilos (last birth) Birthweight in kilos (last birth) 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHWT_01 (M19_1) reports the last-born child's birthweight in kilos with three implied decimal places (or, alternatively stated, in grams with no decimal places). Children who were not weighed are coded 9996. IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) 1 BIRTHWTREF_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHWTREF_ALL (M19A_x) indicates whether the child's reported weight at birth (BIRTHWT_ALL) was recorded from a health card or based on the mother's recall. Children who were not weighed are coded 9996. BIRTHWTREF_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHWTREF_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BIRTHWTREF_02, BIRTHWTREF_03, BIRTHWTREF_04, BIRTHWTREF_05, and BIRTHWTREF_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BIRTHWTREF_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHWTREF_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Source of birthweight info (health card or recall) (last birth) Source of birthweight info (health card or recall) (last birth) Source of birthweight info (health card or recall) (last birth) Source of birthweight info (health card or recall) (last birth) Source of birthweight info (health card or recall) (last birth) Not weighed 1 From written card 2 From mother's recall 3 Other answers 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHWTREF_01 (M19A_1) indicates whether the child's reported weight at birth (BIRTHWT_01) was recorded from a health card or based on the mother's recall. Children who were not weighed at birth are coded 0. IPUMS Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (second to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (second to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (second to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (second to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (second to last birth) Not weighed 1 From written card 2 From mother's recall 3 Other answers 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (third to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (third to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (third to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (third to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (third to last birth) Not weighed 1 From written card 2 From mother's recall 3 Other answers 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fourth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fourth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fourth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fourth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fourth to last birth) Not weighed 1 From written card 2 From mother's recall 3 Other answers 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fifth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fifth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fifth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fifth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (fifth to last birth) Not weighed 1 From written card 2 From mother's recall 3 Other answers 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (sixth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (sixth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (sixth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (sixth to last birth) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) (sixth to last birth) Not weighed 1 From written card 2 From mother's recall 3 Other answers 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy Time wanted pregnancy Time wanted pregnancy Time wanted pregnancy Time wanted pregnancy 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, CHDESIRE_ALL (M10_x) indicates whether the child was wanted at the time of pregnancy, was wanted but later, or was not wanted at all. CHDESIRE_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (CHDESIRE_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., CHDESIRE_02, CHDESIRE_03, CHDESIRE_04, CHDESIRE_05, and CHDESIRE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If CHDESIRE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then CHDESIRE_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, CHDESIRE_01 (M10_1) indicates whether the last-born child was wanted at the time of pregnancy, was wanted but later, or was not wanted at all. IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy 1 CHDESIREL_ALL available For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey and who wanted to become pregnant later, CHDESIREL_ALL (M11_x) reports the length of time they would have wanted to wait. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in weeks are coded with a "1" in the first digit, while intervals reported in years are coded with a "2" in the first digit. CHDESIREL_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (CHDESIREL_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., CHDESIREREL_02, CHDESIREL_03, CHDESIREREL_04, CHDESIREL_05, and CHDESIREL_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If CHDESIREL_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For nearly all samples, this information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. (See Comparability for information about exceptions.) In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then CHDESIREL_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) See CHDESIREL_ALL. IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Months, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months 1 PPAMHMO_ALL available PPAMHMO_ALL reports the duration, in months, of postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child, for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Women whose period had not returned at the time of interview were excluded from PPAMHMO_ALL, but women who were still amenorrheic were included in calculations for the similar variable PPAMHMOC_ALL. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. PPAMHMO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPAMHMO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPAMHMO_02, PPAMHMO_03, PPAMHMO_04, PPAMHMO_05, and PPAMHMO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMHMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPAMHMO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) PPAMHMO_01 reports the duration, in months, of postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child (for the last birth), for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Women whose period had not returned at the time of interview were excluded from PPAMHMO_01, but women who were still amenorrheic were included in calculations for the similar variable PPAMHMOC_01. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) 1 PPAMHMOC_ALL available PPAMHMOC_ALL (M9_x) reports the duration, in months, of postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child, for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Women whose period had not returned before the following birth or prior to the interview were included in PPAMHMOC_ALL. By contrast, only women whose menses had resumed were included in the similar variable PPAMHMO_ALL. PPAMHMOC_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPAMHMOC_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPAMHMOC_02, PPAMHMOC_03, PPAMHMOC_04, PPAMHMOC_05, and PPAMHMOC_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMHMOC_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original reporting of the duration of amenorrhea were recoded to "Inconsistent" (96 in IPUMS-DHS). In cases where the duration was one month longer than the interval, the duration was shortened by one month, consistent with Phase I. For Model "A" countries in Phase II only, if the duration of postpartum amenorrhea extended into the following pregnancy in the calendar, the duration was shortened to the start of the following pregnancy. IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) PPAMHMOC_01 (M9_1) reports the duration, in months, of postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child (for the last birth), for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Women whose period had not returned before the following birth or prior to the interview were included in PPAMHMOC_01. By contrast, only women whose menses had resumed were included in the similar variable PPAMHMO_01. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original reporting of the duration of amenorrhea were recoded to "Inconsistent" (96 in IPUMS-DHS). In cases where the duration was one month longer than the interval, the duration was shortened by one month, consistent with Phase I. For Model "A" countries in Phase II only, if the duration of postpartum amenorrhea extended into the following pregnancy in the calendar, the duration was shortened to the start of the following pregnancy. IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea 1 PPAMFLAG_ALL available PPAMFLAG_ALL (M28_x) reports the type of problem, if any, found in editing data on the duration of postpartum amenorrhea, for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Cases with no known problem are coded 0. PPAMFLAG_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPAMFLAG_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPAMFLAG_02, PPAMFLAG_03, PPAMFLAG_04, PPAMFLAG_05, and PPAMFLAG_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPAMFLAG_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. For discussion of the editing rules implemented (by the survey administrators) for data on postpartum amenorrhea, see PPAMHMO_ALL and PPAMHMOC_ALL, IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMFLAG_01 (M28_1) reports the type of problem, if any, found in editing data on the duration of postpartum amenorrhea (for the last birth), for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Cases with no known problem are coded 0. For discussion of the editing rules implemented (by the survey administrators) for data on postpartum amenorrhea, see PPAMHMO_01 and PPAMHMOC_01, IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) 1 PPABMO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PPABMO_ALL (M8_x) indicates the duration, in months, of postpartum abstinence. Women who were still abstaining at the time of interview were excluded from PPABMO_ALL, but they are included in the similar variable PPABMOC_ALL. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration were left with the original response, but are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG_ALL and are coded as "Inconsistent" on PPABMOC_ALL. PPABMO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPABMO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPABMO_02, PPABMO_03, PPABMO_04, PPABMO_05, and PPABMO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPABMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPABMO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See PPABMO_ALL. IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) 1 PPABMOC_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PPABMOC_ALL (M9_x) reports their calculated months of postpartum abstinence, including the duration for women who were still abstaining at the time of the interview. The similar variable PPABMO_ALL also reports the calculated months of postpartum abstinence but excludes women who were still abstaining when interviewed. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG_ALL and are coded as "Inconsistent" in PPABMOC_ALL. PPABMOC_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPABMOC_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPABMOC_02, PPABMOC_03, PPABMOC_04, PPABMOC_05, and PPABMOC_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPABMOC_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPABMOC_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PPABMOC_01 (M9_1) reports their calculated months of postpartum abstinence (after the last birth), including the duration for women who were still abstaining at the time of the interview. The similar variable PPABMO_01 also reports the calculated months of postpartum abstinence but excludes women who were still abstaining when interviewed. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG_01 and are coded as "Inconsistent" in PPABMOC_01. IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence Flag variable for postpartum abstinence Flag variable for postpartum abstinence Flag variable for postpartum abstinence Flag variable for postpartum abstinence 1 PPABFLAG_ALL available PPABFLAG_ALL (M29_x) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the duration of postpartum abstinence (in PPABMO_ALL), for women who had resumed sexual relations after a birth in the past three to five years. A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. PPABFLAG_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPABFLAG_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPABFLAG_02, PPABFLAG_03, PPABFLAG_04, PPABFLAG_05, and PPABFLAG_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPABFLAG_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) PPABFLAG_01 (M29_1) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the duration of postpartum abstinence (in PPABMO_01), for women who had resumed sexual relations after their last birth in the past three to five years. A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) 10 Always use toilet/latrine 20 Put/rinsed in place with water 21 Put/rinsed in toilet/latrine 22 Put/rinsed in drain or ditch 23 Rinsed away stools 30 Throw away somewhere 31 Throw outside the dwelling 32 Throw outside the yard 33 Throw into garbage 34 Left out in the open 40 Buried 50 Use disposable diapers 60 Use washable diapers 70 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DISPOSESTOOL (V465) reports how the respondent disposes of her youngest child's stools. IPUMS Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 MATERNITYIDX (V417) reports the number of entries in the pregnancy and postnatal care history for a female respondent. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, MATERNITYIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, MATERNITYIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 HEALTHIDX (V418) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the health or immunization history. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, HEALTHIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, HEALTHIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIOIDX (V419) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the height and weight table. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, BIOIDX is actually limited to the number of columns on the survey form that can be completed. In most cases, BIOIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only See specific questions 1 Last birth only 2 All births in last 5 years LASTBIRTHONLY (V468) indicates whether the column(s) on the women's questionnaire relating to pregnancy and postnatal care relate only to last-born children. In the standard questionnaire, some questions are asked about the last-born child only, while in some countries, these questions are asked about all children born in the last three or five years. LASTBIRTHONLY indicates whether the questionnaire followed the standard or was changed to include more children. IPUMS Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days 1 NBFEDANY_ALL available For women who gave birth in the three to five years preceding the survey and who ever breastfed, NBFEDANY_ALL (M55_x) indicates whether the child was given anything other than breast milk to drink in the first three days after delivery. NBFEDANY_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDANY_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDANY_02, NBFEDANY_03, NBFEDANY_04, NBFEDANY_05, and NBFEDANY_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDANY_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDANY_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDANY_01). IPUMS Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (last birth) 8 Missing No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey and who ever breastfed, NBFEDANY_01 (M55_1) indicates whether the child was given anything other than breast milk to drink in the first three days after delivery (for the last birth). IPUMS Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (second to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (second to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (second to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (second to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (second to last birth) No, given something 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (third to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (third to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (third to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (third to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fourth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fourth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fourth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fourth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fifth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fifth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fifth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fifth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (sixth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (sixth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (sixth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (sixth to last birth) Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk 1 NBFEDMILK_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDMILK_ALL (M55A_x) indicates whether the child was given milk in the first three days after birth. NBFEDMILK_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDMILK_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDMILK_02, NBFEDMILK_03, NBFEDMILK_04, NBFEDMILK_05, and NBFEDMILK_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDMILK_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDMILK_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDMILK_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDMILK_01 (M55A_1) indicates whether the child was given milk in the first three days (for the last birth). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water 1 NBFEDWAT_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDWAT_ALL (M55B_x) indicates whether the child was given plain water in the first three days after the birth. NBFEDWAT_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDWAT_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDWAT_02, NBFEDWAT_03, NBFEDWAT_04, NBFEDWAT_05, and NBFEDWAT_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDWAT_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDWAT_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDWAT_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDWAT_01 (M55B_1) indicates whether the child was given plain water in the first three days (for the last birth). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water 1 NBFEDSUG_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDSUG_ALL (M55C_x) indicates whether the child was given sugar or glucose water in the first three days after birth. NBFEDSUG_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDSUG_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDSUG_02, NBFEDSUG_03, NBFEDSUG_04, NBFEDSUG_05, and NBFEDSUG_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDSUG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDSUG_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDSUG_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDSUG_01 (M55C_1) indicates whether the child was given sugar or glucose water in the first three days (for the last birth). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water 1 NBFEDGP_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDGP_ALL (M55D_x) indicates whether the child was given gripe water in the first three days after the birth. Gripe water is liquid (whose ingredients vary) that is given to infants to treat colic and other stomach ailments. NBFEDGP_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDGP_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDGP_02, NBFEDGP_03, NBFEDGP_04, NBFEDGP_05, and NBFEDGP_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDGP_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDGP_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDGP_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDGP_01 (M55D_1) indicates whether the child was given gripe water in the first three days (for the last birth). Gripe water is liquid (whose ingredients vary) that is given to infants to treat colic and other stomach ailments. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution 1 NBFEDORT_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDORT_ALL (M55E_x) indicates whether the child was given a sugar-salt-water solution in the first three days after birth. NBFEDORT_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDORT_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDORT_02, NBFEDORT_03, NBFEDORT_04, NBFEDORT_05, and NBFEDORT_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDORT_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDORT_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDORT_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDORT_01 (M55E_1) indicates whether the child was given a sugar-salt-water solution in the first three days (for the last birth). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice 1 NBFEDJUI_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDJUI_ALL (M55F_x) indicates whether the child was given fruit juice in the first three days after birth. NBFEDJUI_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDJUI_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDJUI_02, NBFEDJUI_03, NBFEDJUI_04, NBFEDJUI_05, and NBFEDJUI_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDJUI_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDJUI_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDJUI_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDJUI_01 (M55F_1) indicates whether the child was given fruit juice in the first three days (for the last birth). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula 1 NBFEDFORM_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDFORM_ALL (M55G_x) indicates whether the child was given infant formula in the first three days after the birth. NBFEDFORM_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDFORM_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDFORM_02, NBFEDFORM_03, NBFEDFORM_04, NBFEDFORM_05, and NBFEDFORM_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDFORM_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDFORM_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDFORM_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDFORM_01 (M55G_1) indicates whether the child was given infant formula in the first three days (for the last birth). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions 1 NBFEDTEA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDTEA_ALL (M55H_x) indicates whether the child was given tea/infusions in the first three days after birth. Wording varied somewhat across samples. See Comparability. NBFEDTEA_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDTEA_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDTEA_02, NBFEDTEA_03, NBFEDTEA_04, NBFEDTEA_05, and NBFEDTEA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDTEA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDTEA_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDTEA_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDTEA_01 (M55H_1) indicates whether the child was given tea/infusions in the first three days (for the last birth). Wording varied somewhat across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey 1 NBFEDHON_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last five years, NBFEDHON_ALL (M55I_x) indicates whether the child was given honey in the first three days after the birth. NBFEDHON_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDHON_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDHON_02, NBFEDHON_03, NBFEDHON_04, NBFEDHON_05, and NBFEDHON_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDHON_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDHON_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDHON_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last five years, NBFEDHON_01 (M55H_1) indicates whether the child was given honey in the first three days (for the last birth). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other 1 NBFEDOTH_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDOTH_ALL (M55X_x) indicates whether the child was given some other liquid in the first three days after birth. The meaning of "other" is relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. NBFEDOTH_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDOTH_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDOTH_02, NBFEDOTH_03, NBFEDOTH_04, NBFEDOTH_05, and NBFEDOTH_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDOTH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDOTH_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDOTH_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDOTH_01 (M55X_1) indicates whether the child was given some other liquid in the first three days (for the last birth). The meaning of "other" is relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing 1 NBFEDNO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDNO_ALL (M55Z_x) indicates whether the child was given nothing (i.e., no supplemental fluids) to drink in the first three days after the birth. Some children may have been fed the mother's colostrum, a nourishing milky fluid that comes from the breast before true milk appears. NBFEDNO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (NBFEDNO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., NBFEDNO_02, NBFEDNO_03, NBFEDNO_04, NBFEDNO_05, and NBFEDNO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If NBFEDNO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then NBFEDNO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. As documented in the Comparability section, many surveys collected this information for the last-born child only (NBFEDNO_01). IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (last birth) No, given something 1 Yes, given nothing 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, NBFEDNO_01 (M55Z_1) indicates whether the child was given nothing (i.e., no supplemental fluids) to drink in the first three days (for the last birth). Some children may have been fed the mother's colostrum, a nourishing milky fluid that comes from the breast before true milk appears. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (second to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (second to last birth) No, given something 1 Yes, given nothing 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (third to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (third to last birth) No, given something 1 Yes, given nothing 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fourth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fourth to last birth) No, given something 1 Yes, given nothing 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fifth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (fifth to last birth) No, given something 1 Yes, given nothing 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (sixth to last birth) Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing (sixth to last birth) No, given something 1 Yes, given nothing 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours 1 FEDANY24HX_ALL available FEDANY24HX_ALL (M39_x) reports how many times the women gave her child any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. The related variable FEDANY24H_ALL (M39A_x) indicates whether the woman gave her child any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in the previous 24 hours. FEDANY24HX_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (FEDANY24HX_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., FEDANY24HX_02, FEDANY24HX_03, FEDANY24HX_04, FEDANY24HX_05, and FEDANY24HX_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If FEDANY24HX_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For Phase VI forward, information for this variable was collected on the youngest surviving child under age 2. If the respondent's last-born child had died but the second-to-last child was still alive, FEDANY24HX_02 would indicate whether the respondent's second-to-last child was given solid, semi-solid, or soft foods only if the last-born child had died. Data were hypothetically collected on up to the sixth-most-recent birth, but if no women in the survey had 6 births and the 5 most recent had died, FEDANY24HX_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. In previous phases, information was collected on all surviving children, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then FEDANY24HX_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous night Times mother breastfed child during previous night Times mother breastfed child during previous night Times mother breastfed child during previous night Times mother breastfed child during previous night 1 BRSFEDNITE_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose child is still breastfeeding, BRSFEDNITE_ALL (M35_x) reports how many times the mother breastfed the child the previous night between sunset and sunrise. BRSFEDNITE_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDNITE_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDNITE_02, BRSFEDNITE_03, BRSFEDNITE_04, BRSFEDNITE_05, and BRSFEDNITE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDNITE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in BRSFEDNITE_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDNITE_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Many surveys, specified in the Comparability section, collected this information for the last-born child only (BRSFEDNITE_01). IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous night (last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BRSFEDNITE_01 (M35_1) reports how many times the mother breastfed the child the previous night between sunset and sunrise (for the last birth). IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous night (second to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (second to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (second to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (second to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous night (third to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (third to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (third to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (third to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (third to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous night (fourth to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (fourth to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (fourth to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (fourth to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous night (fourth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous day Times mother breastfed child during previous day Times mother breastfed child during previous day Times mother breastfed child during previous day Times mother breastfed child during previous day 1 BRSFEDAY_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose young child is still breastfeeding, BRSFEDAY_ALL (M36_x) reports how many times she breastfed the child the previous day during daylight hours. BRSFEDAY_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDAY_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDAY_02, BRSFEDAY_03, BRSFEDAY_04, BRSFEDAY_05, and BRSFEDAY_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDAY_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in BRSFEDAY_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDAY_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Many surveys, specified in the Comparison section, collected this information for only the last-born child (BRSFEDAY_01). IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous day (last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See BRSFEDAY_ALL. IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous day (second to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (second to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (second to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (second to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (second to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous day (third to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (third to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (third to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (third to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (third to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times mother breastfed child during previous day (fourth to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (fourth to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (fourth to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (fourth to last birth) Times mother breastfed child during previous day (fourth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDNITE (V407) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous night between sunset and sunrise. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDNITE_01 (M35_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous night. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDNITE describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDNITE does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was breastfed that many times during the previous night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDNITE (M35) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous night. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDAY (V408) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous day during daylight hours. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDAY_01 (M36_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous day during daylight hours. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDAY describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDAY does not necessarily indicate that a child whose record is being analyzed was personally breastfed that many times during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDAY (M36) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous day. IPUMS Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night 1 BRSFEDBOT_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose young child was still alive, BRSFEDBOT_ALL (M38_x) indicates whether the child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. BRSFEDBOT_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDBOT_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDBOT_02, BRSFEDBOT_03, BRSFEDBOT_04, BRSFEDBOT_05, and BRSFEDBOT_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDBOT_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in BRSFEDBOT_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDBOT_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Some surveys, specified in the Comparison section, collected this information for only the last-born child (BRSFEDBOT_01). IPUMS Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last birth was still alive, BRSFEDBOT_01 (M38_01) indicates whether the last-born child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. IPUMS Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (second to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (second to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (second to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (second to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (second to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (third to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (third to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (third to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (third to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (third to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fourth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fourth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fourth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fourth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fourth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fifth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fifth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fifth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fifth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (fifth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (sixth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (sixth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (sixth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (sixth to last birth) Drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still alive, BOTTLE24H (V415) indicates whether the last-born child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDBOT_01 (M38_01), which also indicates whether the woman gave her last-born child anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When children are the unit of analysis, BOTTLE24H describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. If the mother reported that she fed her last-born child with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. When children are the unit of analysis, a positive response in BOTTLE24H thus does not necessarily indicate that a particular child was actually fed with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDBOT (M38) to determine whether the specific child in question actually drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. IPUMS Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) BFEEDANYNOW (V404) indicates whether the woman is currently breastfeeding. If no child was born in the last three to five years, the respondent is assumed to not be breastfeeding. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. This variable has some variation in how current breastfeeding is determined. See Comparability. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) 1 BRSFEDMO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BRSFEDMO_ALL (M5_x) reports the calculated months of breastfeeding for a birth, including cases where 1) the woman was still breastfeeding at the time of the interview or 2) the child had been breastfed until its death. Cases in these two categories were excluded from the related variable BRSFEDUR_ALL on the duration of breastfeeding. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original report of the duration of breastfeeding were coded as "Inconsistent." In cases where the reported duration was one month longer than the relevant interval, duration was shortened by one month. If the duration of breastfeeding exceeded the child's age at death, the duration of breastfeeding was changed to the age at death. BRSFEDMO_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDMO_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDMO_02, BRSFEDMO_03, BRSFEDMO_04, BRSFEDMO_05, and BRSFEDMO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in BRSFEDMO_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDMO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60(+) 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See BRSFEDMO_ALL. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months 1 BRSFEDUR_ALL available BRSFEDUR_ALL (M4_x) reports the calculated months of breastfeeding, for women who gave birth in the last three to five years and were no longer breastfeeding the child. BRSFEDUR_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDUR_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDUR_02, BRSFEDUR_03, BRSFEDUR_04, BRSFEDUR_05, and BRSFEDUR_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDUR_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDUR_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. The related variable BRSFEDMO_ALL differs by including women who were still breastfeeding at the time of the interview. The variable BRSFEDCAT_ALL provides categorical information about breastfeeding, reporting whether the woman ever breastfed, and, if so, whether she is still breastfeeding. The maximum period allowed for BRSFEDUR_ALL during the data editing (by survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of interview. For Phase I, cases that exceeded the allowed maximum period were set to "Inconsistent." For Phase II forward, inconsistent durations were left in place, but such cases were flagged in BRSFDFLAG_ALL and were set to "Inconsistent" in BRSFEDMO_ALL. In Phase II only, for Model "A" countries, the "breastfed until died" category was not used. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See BRSFEDUR_ALL. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration 1 BRSFDFLAG_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BRSFDFLAG_ALL (M27_x) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing the duration of breastfeeding. Cases without a problem are coded 0. BRSFDFLAG_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFDFLAG_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFDFLAG_02, BRSFDFLAG_03, BRSFDFLAG_04, BRSFDFLAG_05, and BRSFDFLAG_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFDFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in BRSFDFLAG_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFDFLAG_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. For duration of breastfeeding, see BRSFEDUR_ALL (M4_x). IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BRSFDFLAG_01 (M27_01) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing the duration of breastfeeding. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For duration of breastfeeding, see BRSFEDUR_01 (M4_01). IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed 1 BRSFEDST_ALL available For women who gave birth in the three to five years preceding the survey and who ever breastfed the infant, BRSFEDST_ALL (M34_x) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. BRSFEDST_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDST_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDST_02, BRSFEDST_03, BRSFEDST_04, BRSFEDST_05, and BRSFEDST_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDST_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDST_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Many surveys, noted in the Comparability section, collected this information for the last-born child only. IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years preceding the survey and who ever breastfed the infant, BRSFEDST_01 (M34_1) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child (for the last birth). Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 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breastfed (fifth to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 DAYS 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 DAYS 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast 000 Immediately 100 Within first hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 199 Hours: Number missing 200 Within first day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 299 Days: Number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and breastfed their last-born child, BFEEDST (V426) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her last-born child. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDST_01 (M34_1), which also reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child (for the last birth). When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDST describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of hours or days in BFEEDST does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was first breastfed after that amount of time. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDST (M34) to determine the length of time between the specific child's birth and when that child was first breastfed. IPUMS Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used ORS 22 Heard of ORS 23 Recognized ORS packet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DIATRORSHEARD (V416) indicates whether the woman ever heard of using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat diarrhea. ORS generally consists of drinking water with the addition of sugar and salt (in a homemade solution) or a commercial mixture of salt, glucose, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate added to clean water. IPUMS Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) 606. AGE: CHECK COLUMN 7. 15-17 YEARS 1 18-49 YEARS 2 (GO TO 609) 1 Under age 18 2 Age 18 or older 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFUNDER18 (V452A) indicates whether the respondent was under or over age 18 at the time of the interview, according to the household roster. The information in this variable was used by DHS personnel to determine whether a female household member needed consent from a parent/caretaker before conducting hemoglobin measurements. IPUMS Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) 608. RECORD LINE NUMBER OF PARENT/OTHER ADULT RESPONS IBLE FOR ADOLESCENT. RECORD '00' IF NOT LISTED. LINE NUMBER OF PARENT OR OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT _____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFLINENOPARENT (V452B) reports the line number, in the household listing, of the parent or caretaker of a respondent under age 18 whose hemoglobin levels were measured, based on blood drawn by DHS personnel. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant 613. PREGNANCY STATUS: CHECK 226 IN WOMAN'S QUESTIONNAIRE OR ASK: Are you pregnant? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No/don't know 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFPREGNANT (V454) indicates whether the respondent was pregnant at the time of the interview. A woman's pregnancy status is an important factor in interpreting hemoglobin/anemia level. See the following variables for more information: BIOFHEMOLEVEL (V453) BIOFHEMOLEVELALT (V456) BIOFANEMIALVL (V457) IPUMS Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the woman's weight as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the weight. Dividing WEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the woman's height as measured by DHS personnel. HEIGHTFEM values are reported in millimeters, to preserve one centimeter decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured height in centimeters. IPUMS Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTASDRM (V440) reports the difference between the respondent's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFHTASDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFHTASDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height, as measured by DHS personnel. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in BIOFHTASDRM. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status. IPUMS Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the DHS Program. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) uses Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standards BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses WHO reference standards IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses the WHO reference standard IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V444) uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTSDRM (V444A) reports the difference between the respondent's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. This variable uses a DHS reference standard. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFWTHTSDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFWTHTSDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The complementary DHS variable BIOFWTHTPCTDHS (V442) reports weight-for-height percentiles within the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature for further discussion. IPUMS Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFBMI (V445) reports the female respondent's body mass index (BMI). BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). Also known as the Quetelet Index, BMI is a measure of acute nutritional status, based on the Fogarty Metropolitan Life tables of ideal weight for height. The DHS Guide to Statistics offers the following guidelines for interpreting BMI scores for women age 15-49: Severely thin: less than 16.0 Moderately thin: 16.0 to 16.9 Mildly thin: 17.0 to 18.4 Normal: 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight: 25.0 to 29.9 Obese: 30.0 or more The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms, as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the person's length or height in centimeters, as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFROHRER (V446), which reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. This measure is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). IPUMS Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFROHRER (V446) reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. Rohrer's Index is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). Rohrer's Index is a measure of acute nutritional status, and may be used as an alternative to Body Mass Index. The original height and weight values used to calculate Rohrer's Index are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFBMI (V445), which reports the respondent's Body Mass Index (BMI), which is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). IPUMS Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Sick 12 Not present 13 Refused 14 Incapacitated 15 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWHYNOTMEAS (V447) indicates whether the respondent was measured for height and weight, or, if not, why she was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., sick, not present, refused). IPUMS Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHHAGE (V447A) reports the respondent's age in years, as recorded in the household roster. This age is used to determine eligibility for biometric measurements. IPUMS Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) 609. READ ANEMIA TEST CONSENT STATEMENT. FOR NEVER-IN-UNION WOMEN AGE 15-17, ASK CONSENT FROM PARENT/OTHER ADULT IDENTIFIED IN 608 BEFORE ASKING RESPOND ENT'S CONSENT. GRANTED 1(SIGN) _______ PARENT/OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT REFUSED 2 (SIGN) _______ (GO TO 610) RESPONDENT REFUSED 3 (SIGN) _______ (GO TO 610) 10 Permission granted 20 Permission refused 21 Parent/other refused 22 Respondent refused 30 Not read 40 Not present 41 Adult/parent not present 42 Minor not present 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOCONSENT (V452C) indicates whether permission was granted for the respondent's blood to be drawn and tested for hemoglobin level (as an indicator of anemia) or, if not, why not. Interviewers read a statement about hemoglobin testing and requested permission to draw and test the individual's blood for hemoglobin level. IPUMS Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 992 Not tested 993 Not present 994 Refused 995 Other 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOLEVEL (V453) reports the level of hemoglobin in the respondent's blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. BIOFHEMOLEVEL is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. For a summary statement of anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see BIOFANEMIALVL (V457). IPUMS Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Not present 12 Refused 13 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOTEST (V455) indicates whether the respondent's hemoglobin level was tested from a blood draw by DHS personnel, or, if not, why their hemoglobin level was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., not present, refused, technical problem). IPUMS Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 993 Not present 994 Refused 995 Other 996 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOLEVELALT (V456) reports the level of hemoglobin in the respondent's blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel, and adjusted for altitude. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. BIOFHEMOLEVELALT is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. The USAID publication Adjusting Hemoglobin Values in Program Surveys [URL omitted from DDI.] explains, "At elevations above 1000 m. hemoglobin concentrations increase as an adaptive response to the lower partial pressure of oxygen and reduced oxygen saturation of blood." The report further provides an equation for adjusting hemoglobin values in altitudes at 500-meter intervals, and explains that adjustment is important because "WHO hemoglobin cutoffs for anemia refer to sea-level values." For a summary statement of anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see BIOFANEMIALVL (V457). IPUMS Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 Not anemic 1 Mild 2 Moderate 3 Severe 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFANEMIALVL (V457) reports the respondent's level of anemia, from not anemic to severely anemic, based on hemoglobin levels in blood drawn by DHS personnel. According to the DHS Recode Manuals: [Hemoglobin] levels below 7.0 g/dl are considered as severe anemia, levels between 7.1g/dl and 9.9g/dl are considered as moderate anemia, and cases between 10.0 g/dl and 10.9 g/dl are considered as mild anemia for pregnant women and between 10.0 g/dl and 11.9 g/dl for all other adult women. IPUMS Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping 130. Does your household have any mosquito nets that can be used while sleeping? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 141) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETHAVE (V459) indicates whether the household had any bed nets that could be used while sleeping, to keep off mosquitoes and reduce the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses such as malaria. This information was collected via the household questionnaire and copied over to the woman's record. The complementary variable BEDNETNUM (HML1) reports the number of mosquito nets owned by the household. IPUMS Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INJRECENTANY indicates whether the woman received an injection for any reason in the 2 to 12 months preceding the survey. See Comparability for discussion of variations in the reference period for this variable. IPUMS Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months 00 0 injections 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 95 95+/daily 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INJRECENTNO (V477) reports how many injections, for any reason, the woman received in the 2 to 12 months preceding the survey. See Comparability for discussion of differences in the reference period for this variable. IPUMS Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker 00 0 injections 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who received any injections in the 6 to 12 months preceding the survey, INJHCWORKER (V478) reports the number of injections that were provided by a healthcare worker (including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentists or any other professional health worker). IPUMS Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have received an injection from a health professional in the last 6 to 12 months, INJNEWNEDL (V480) reports whether the person who gave them their last injection used a syringe and needle from a new, unopened package. There is some variation in how the "person who gave the last injection" is described. See Comparability. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCPERMIT (V467B) indicates whether the woman reported "obtaining permission to go to the doctor/seek treatment" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem only 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCMONEY (V467C) indicates whether the woman reported "getting money needed for treatment" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCDISTANCE (V467D) indicates whether the woman reported "the distance to the health facility" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem only 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCALONE (V467F) indicates whether the woman reported "not wanting to go alone" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSCOVERYN (V481) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance. IPUMS Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSORG (V481A) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through a mutual health organization (MHO) or community-based health insurance. IPUMS Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSEMPLOYER (V481B) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through an employer. IPUMS Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSSOCS (V481C) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through Social Security or another government program. IPUMS Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSPRIVATE (V481D) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through a private/commercially purchased health insurance provider. IPUMS Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSOTHER (V481X) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance from some other source. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series 1 NDVI available NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) consists of a set of 72 variables. These variables report the maximum NDVI value within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. NDVI is a numeric, normalized index that measures live greenness in an area and can be used as a proxy for vegetation. Hypothetically, NDVI values can range from -1.0 to 1.0. The IPUMS-DHS NDVI metric captures the maximum value of NDVI within the 10-kilometer buffer area (i.e., which pixel in the buffer has the maximum NDVI value for a given month), so the values in IPUMS-DHS for NDVI range from 0 to 1. By adding NDVI to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_01 is the maximum NDVI in the month before the survey start date; NDVI_60 is the maximum NDVI in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (NDVI_00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_A01 is the maximum NDVI in the month following the month of the survey start date) The source data for NDVI come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [URL omitted from DDI.]) dataset, which covers the period February 2000 to October 2018. Only IPUMS-DHS samples whose data collection period overlapped with February 2000 or later are included in the NDVI variable (e.g., Bangladesh 2000). Note, however, that a sample fielded beginning in February 2000 would have non-missing NDVI values for the survey start month and the 11 following months, but would have only missing data values for the 60 months preceding the survey start date. Researchers who need NDVI values for the full 5 years preceding the survey start--for example, to relate to health outcomes for children under age 5--should restrict their analysis to samples fielded from February 2005 forward. NDVI, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series 1 BATTLES available BATTLES consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which battles occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding BATTLES to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (BATTLES_1997 to BATTLES_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for BATTLES are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. According to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], data on BATTLES include: Battles with no change in territory (a battle between two violent armed groups where control of the contested location does not change); Battles in which a non-state actor overtakes territory (a battle where non-state actors win control of a location); Battles in which the government regains territory (a battle in which the government regains control of a location). Users should be aware that all three kinds of battles are included in the variable BATTLES. Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable BATTLES. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. BATTLES, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series 1 RIOTS available RIOTS consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which riots or protests occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding RIOTS to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (RIOTS_1997 to RIOTS_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for RIOTS are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The RIOTS variable counts incidents of organized demonstrations (against political entities, businesses, or private institutions) involving non-violent protestors or rioters (demonstrators employing violence), as well as spontaneous acts of violence by disorganized groups (targeting property or clashing with other groups or security institutions). Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable RIOTS. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. RIOTS, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series 1 CIV_VIOLENCE available CIV_VIOLENCE consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which violence against civilians occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding CIV_VIOLENCE to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (CIV_VIOLENCE_1997 to CIV_VIOLENCE_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for CIV_VIOLENCE are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) defines violence against civilians as deliberate acts perpetrated by an organized political group (such as rebel, militia, or government forces) against unarmed non-combatants who are unable to defend themselves or engage in violence. Such conflicts harm or kill civilians, through events resulting in significant harm (e.g., bombing, shooting, torture, rape, mutilation) or accosting victims (kidnapping and disappearances); however, no fatalities are required for inclusion of the event. Events in which only property damage occurs or people are relocated without physical harm do not count as incidents of violence against civilians. ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable CIV_VIOLENCE. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on their procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. CIV_VIOLENCE, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series 1 MALARIA available MALARIA consists of a set of 16 separate variables, covering each year from 2000 to 2015. The variables report, by year, the mean clinical Plasmodium falciparium malaria cases (across all ages) per person within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Alternatively, this statistic can be summarized as the mean clinical plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR), expressed as fractions of a case per person. MALARIA is available for a subset of the IPUMS-DHS samples with GPS data; see Comparability. By adding MALARIA to your data cart, you are in effect adding 16 separate variables (MALARIA_2000 to MALARIA_2015), one variable for each year. MALARIA, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier IDHSPID is an identifying number unique to person in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE and CASEID. IDHSPID is a 22-character string variable. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier CASEID is the unique identifier for each woman in a given sample year. Using CASEID and CLUSTERNO, analysts can link IPUMS-DHS data to the original DHS datasets to attach variables that are not currently available in IPUMS-DHS. For example, researchers can use CASEID and CLUSTERNO to link variables from the IPUMS-DHS with other variables from the Woman's Recode file to merge country-specific variables, or to the Household or Couples Recode file to attach variables that are not yet part of IPUMS-DHS. In most samples, users can identify women who are in the same household by using the first 12 characters of CASEID (and CLUSTERNO (V001)), as this indicates a unique household identifier. CASEID is generally created by The DHS Program using the variables CLUSTERNO (V001), HHNUM (V002), and LINENO (V003), with the last three characters indicating the respondent's line number in the household file. For instructions on how to create links between IPUMS-DHS data and DHS source data, see the User Note on "Merging IDHS and DHS Data." [URL omitted from DDI.] CASEID is a 18-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSU (V021) is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable DOMAIN (V023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe this variable as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSU (V021) is a 6-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata STRATA (V022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. STRATA is not the same as DOMAIN (V023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATA along with the variable PSU (V021) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATA (V022) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain DOMAIN (V023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAIN as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When national estimates are desired, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAIN (V023) and PSU (V021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., PERWEIGHT (V005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for DHS' sample design. In most countries, DOMAIN defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). DOMAIN is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUM (V002) is the number identifying the household in which the respondent was interviewed, within each sample. To identify unique households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUM with CLUSTERNO (V001). For most samples, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO can be used to merge IPUMS-DHS data from the women's file to DHS Household Recode files, to incorporate household variables not yet available in the IPUMS-DHS. However, in some household files, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO do not uniquely identify households in the DHS Household Recode file. For information about the IPUMS-DHS samples where HHNUM and CLUSTERNO are not sufficient to uniquely identify households, and for guidance on what further steps to take for linking files in such cases, please consult the User Note on Linking. [URL omitted from DDI.] HHNUM is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNO (V001) reports the cluster number for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNO is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable STRATA to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNO (V001) and HHNUM (V002) can be used to merge the women's individual recode file to the household recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNO is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit ULTAREAUNIT (V004) reports the ultimate area unit for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS recode manuals, ULTAREAUNIT is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units in the collection of data. It is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNO (V001)], but may be a sequentially numbered variable for samples with a more complicated structure. ULTAREAUNIT can be used to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNIT (V004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 LINENO (V003) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the woman's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 00 Husband not in the household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LINENOHUS (V034) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the name of the women's husband/partner, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number 07 7 08 8 09 9 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 BIDX reports the index number of the child in the mother's birth history, from 1 to n, where the nth birth is the mother's first birth, and 1 is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. After asking "Now I would like to record the names of all your births, whether still alive or not, with the first one you had," the interviewer recorded each child's name in turn on successively numbered lines printed in the "Reproduction" section of the individual woman's questionnaire. Combined with CASEID, BIDX uniquely identifies children within a sample. Combined with IDHSPID, BIDX uniquely identifies children across samples. Using these variables, data users can link IPUMS-DHS data to original DHS child-level and birth-level datasets. IPUMS Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons PERWEIGHT (V005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population. While the DHS Recode Manuals direct the researcher to divide the original weight variable by 1,000,000 before applying the weighting factor to the original DHS data files, it is not necessary to modify the value of PERWEIGHT before applying this weight to cases in IPUMS-DHS. PERWEIGHT should be used to weight nearly all tabulations made using IPUMS-DHS data. Occasionally, as with the domestic violence variables, a subset of respondents are randomly selected to answer questions from a survey module, and a specialized weight such as DVWEIGHT should be used instead. Note: The 6 implied decimal places in PERWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of PERWEIGHT. IPUMS All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population AWFACTT is a 5-digit variable (in IPUMS-DHS) with 2 implied decimal places that is used to create total population estimates for all women of childbearing age, for those samples interviewing only ever-married women. A post from DHS senior staff member Tom Pullum on the DHS Users Forum explains, The all-woman factors are needed when you are trying to estimate something for all women, but you have to work with ever-married women because that's all you have in the sample. An example is when you want to estimate a fertility rate for all women but you only have the births and exposure for ever-married women. You have to assume that (a) never-married women have no births and (b) awfact/100 is a multiplier to inflate exposure for ever-married women to exposure for all women. For surveys that used a sampling frame of all women of childbearing age, AWFACTT has a value of 100 (or 1.00, with two decimal places), and thus has no effect on the survey statistics when used as a multiplier. For samples that included only ever-married women, AWFACTT serves as a multiplier to create total population figures for all women of childbearing age, following the assumptions noted above. The width of AWFACTT ranges from a low of 3 to a high of 5 in the original DHS files; see Comparability for further discussion. AWFACTT is a 5-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of AWFACTT. IPUMS Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) HOUSEHOLD SELECTED FOR MEN'S SURVEY AND SALT TESTING YES=1 NO=2 Not selected 1 Selected for men's survey 2 Selected for husband's survey MENSELHH (HV027) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for the men's or husband's survey. Samples including neither a men's survey nor a husband's survey are excluded from this variable in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Woman not selected 1 Woman selected and interviewed 2 Woman selected, but privacy not possible 3 Woman selected, but not interviewed 9 NIU (not in universe) DVMODULE (V044) identifies female respondents who were selected to receive questions from the domestic violence module and, for those selected, indicates whether they were interviewed. For samples including the module, one woman of childbearing age per household was randomly selected for the interview, using a table included in the questionnaire. Some women who were selected for the domestic violence interview refused to participate; others were excluded because the woman could not be interviewed privately. IPUMS Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module DVWEIGHT (D005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor for the subset of women who were randomly selected and interviewed in privacy for the domestic violence module (as indicated by DVMODULE) (V044). For further information about using weights with the DHS data, see PERWEIGHT (V005). Note: The 6 implied decimal places in DVWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. DVWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. IPUMS Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements 1 Selected Not selected HEMOSELECT (V042) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for hemoglobin measurements of the household members. Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Low hemoglobin levels indicate the presence of anemia (which may be caused by inadequate nutrition or chronic disease). IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview INTYEAR (V007) reports the year the interview took place. The dates reported in INTYEAR are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December MONTHINT (V006) reports the month when the interview took place. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 INTDAY (V016) reports the day of the month on which the interview took place. INTDAY uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview INTDATECMC (V008) reports century month code for the date on which the interview took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC minus ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTDATECMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. INTDATECMC (V008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTSTART (V801) reports the time of the start of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview began at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTEND (V802) reports the time of the end of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview ended at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) 00 0 minutes 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 2+ visits 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTDURATION (V803) reports the duration of the female interview (in minutes). The duration is top-coded at 95 minutes. Interviews that required more than one visit (INTVISITNO (V804) are coded as "96" for "2+ visits." INTDURATION is calculated based on the interview's start and end times in INTSTART (V801) and INTEND (V802). IPUMS Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTVISITNO (V804) reports the number of visits required to complete the female interview. IPUMS Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview 7 Other 6 Respondent Incapacitated 5 Partly completed 4 Refused 3 Postponed 2 Not at home 1 Completed INTRESULT (V015) reports the result of the individual interview. Code 1 represents a completed interview. Only completed interview cases are included in the DHS women's individual recode files, which provide the source material for IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample 1 All women sample 2 Ever-married women sample EVMARALLSAMP (V020) indicates whether the sample includes only ever-married women or includes all women of childbearing age. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey INTERVIEWERIDIR (V028) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the individual women's interviews for women of childbearing age. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey INTERVIEWER VISITS FIRST VISIT (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD VISITS) DATE INTERVIEWER NAME RESULT* INTERVIEWERIDHH (HV018) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the household survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status 2 Rural 1 Urban URBAN (V025) indicates whether the person's de facto residence was in an urban or rural location. The definition of urban varies across countries. See Comparability. IPUMS De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence 10 City 11 Capital or other large city 12 Other city 20 Town or countryside 21 Town 22 Countryside DEFACTORES (V026) reports the type of place--city, town, or countryside--where the person was interviewed. IPUMS Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) DISTRICT (SDIST) is the geographic district where the person's household is located. This variable is country- and sample-specific. A district with a given numeric code in one sample for a country does not cover the same geographic area in a second sample for that country, even if the districts have the same numeric code. DISTRICT is a 3-digit variable. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] 6 Lindi, Mtwara, and Ruvuma (South) 5 Iringa, Myeba, Nijombe, Katavi, and Rukwa (Southern Highlands) 4 Dodoma and Singida (Central) 3 Geita, Kagera, Kigoma, Mara, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Tabora (Lake) 2 Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara (Northern Highlands) 1 Dar Es Salaam, Morogoro, Pemba, Pwani, Tanga, Town West, and Zanzibar (Coastal) GEO_ TZ1991_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (zones) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1996, 1999, 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1996_2015, does not include the 1991 Tanzania sample and is harmonized for different geographic units (regions). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] 50 Pemba, Town West, and Zanzibar 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar Es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma GEO_ TZ1996_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1991_2015, includes the 1991 Tanzania sample and has less geographic detail (zones). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] 01 Dodoma 02 Arusha 03 Kilimanjaro 04 Tanga 05 Morogoro 06 Pwani 07 Dar Es Salaam 08 Lindi 09 Mtwara 10 Ruvuma 11 Iringa 12 Mbeya 13 Singida 14 Tabora 15 Rukwa 16 Kigoma 17 Shinyanga 18 Kagera 19 Mwanza 20 Mara 21 Manyara 51 Zanzibar North 52 Zanzibar South 53 Town West 54 Pemba North 55 Pemba South GEO_TZ2010 (V101_TZ2010) indicates the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 2010 Tanzania survey are equivalent to regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There are also integrated variables GEO_TZ1991_2015 and GEO_TZ1996_2015, that provide spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_TZ2010 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 55 Pemba South 54 Pemba North 53 Zanzibar town or west 52 Zanzibar South 51 Zanzibar North 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma DHS_IPUMSI_ TZ provides geographic codes for Tanzania that match those in the DHS and IPUMS-International [URL omitted from DDI.] databases. This variable can be used to link contextual area data from IPUMS-DHS to IPUMS-International or vice versa. The codes in DHS_IPUMSI_TZ indicate the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated or surveyed. GIS shapefiles for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Age Age Age Age Age 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 AGE (V012) reports the woman's age. DHS surveys collect information about the woman's age through questions about age at last birthday and date of birth. DHS Recode Manuals provide the following information about how the AGE variable is calculated: Current age in completed years is calculated from the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent (V011) and the century month code of the date of interview (V008). In a few cases the age in the data file will be different from that reported by the respondent when the respondent's birthday was in the month of interview, but she had not yet had her birthday. If the respondent correctly reported her age at her last birthday (and not her age at her next birthday) then the calculated age was rounded up from the reported age, to avoid inconsistencies between the age and the century month code for the birth. IPUMS Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups 10 10 to 14 11 10 to 14 12 12 to 14 13 13 to 14 20 15-19 30 20-24 40 25-29 50 30-34 60 35-39 70 40-44 80 45-49 90 50+ 91 50-54 92 55-59 93 60-64 AGE5YEAR (V013) reports the woman's age in 5-year groups, based on data from the AGE (V012) variable. The age range of women interviewed varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December BIRTHMO (V009) reports the woman's month of birth. IPUMS Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1971 1971 1970 1970 1969 1969 1968 1968 1967 1967 1966 1966 1965 1965 1964 1964 1963 1963 1962 1962 1961 1961 1960 1960 1959 1959 1958 1958 1957 1957 1956 1956 1955 1955 1954 1954 1953 1953 1952 1952 1951 1951 1950 1950 1949 1949 1948 1948 1947 1947 1946 1946 1945 1945 1944 1944 1943 1943 1942 1942 1941 1941 1940 1940 1939 1939 1938 1938 1937 1937 1936 1936 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 BIRTHYEAR (V010) reports the woman's year of birth. IPUMS Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months DOBCMC (V011) reports the century month code (CMC) for the woman's date of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. DOBCMC (V011) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth 1 Month and year 2 Month and age, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year only, age and month imputed 6 Age only, year and month imputed 7 Month only, age and year imputed 8 Season and year 9 None reported, all imputed DOBINFORESP (V014) reports the completeness of information about the respondent's age and date of birth. A code of 0 indicates the month and the year were reported, and no data were imputed. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor (5) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) usually live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing RESIDENT (V135) indicates whether the woman was a usual resident of the household or was just visiting there. As defined by the RESIDENT variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head (3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the relationship of (NAME) to the head of the household? 01 = HEAD 02 = WIFE OR HUSBAND 03 = SON OR DAUGHTER 04 = SON-IN-LAW OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 05 = GRANDCHILD 06 = PARENT 07 = PARENT-IN-LAW 08 = BROTHER OR SISTER 09 = CO-WIFE 10 = OTHER RELATIVE 11 = ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEPCHILD 12 = NOT RELATED 98 = DON'T KNOW 01 Head 02 Wife 03 Daughter or son 04 Daughter- or son-in-law 05 Grandchild 06 Mother or father 07 Parent-in-law 08 Sister or brother 09 Co-spouse 10 Adopted/foster/step child 11 Adopted/foster child 12 Stepchild 20 Other relative 21 Niece or nephew by blood 22 Niece or nephew by marriage 23 Niece or nephew unspecified 24 Sibling-in-law 25 Aunt or uncle 26 Grandparent 30 Nonrelative 31 Domestic servant/employee 32 Herdboy 97 Don't know 98 Missing RELATE (V150) reports the woman's relationship to the head of the household, based on a question in the household questionnaire. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant No/unsure 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGNANT (V213) indicates whether the respondent is currently pregnant. IPUMS Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For currently pregnant women, DURCURPREG (V214) reports the imputed duration of the woman's current pregnancy. IPUMS Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 98 Missing TRIPSAWAYR (V167) reports the number of times the respondent has been away from home or from her home community for one or more nights in the last 12 months. IPUMS Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRIPAWAY1MO (V168) indicates whether the respondent has been away from home or from her home community for more than one month at a time in the last 12 months. IPUMS Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status 10 Never married 20 Married or living together 21 Married 22 Living together 30 Formerly in union 31 Widowed 32 Divorced 33 Separated/not living together 98 Missing 11 Unconsummated marriage 34 Deserted MARSTAT (V501) reports the woman's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married 00 No 10 Formerly married 11 Formerly married with certificate 12 Formerly married by custom 20 Lived with a man 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently married or living with a man, EVERMARRIED (V535) reports the woman's relationship history as "No [never married/in union]," "Formerly married," or "Lived with a man." IPUMS Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Never married 1 Currently married 2 Formerly married 8 Missing CURRMARR (V502) reports the woman's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes women who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes women who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes women who are widowed, divorced, or separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. For samples restricted to ever-married women, only women who are formally married (not cohabiting) are included as "married." IPUMS Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union One 1 More than one 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, UNION1MORE (V503) indicates whether the respondent had been in one or more than one marriage/union. IPUMS Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Inconsistent 98 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEFRSTMAR (V511) reports the woman's age at the start of her first marriage or union. This usually refers to when the woman first started to live with her first husband or partner. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "Age at start of first marriage or union is calculated from the century month code of the date of start of first marriage or union and the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent." IPUMS Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 96 Inconsistent 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 HUSAGE (V730) reports the age of the woman's husband or co-resident partner. IPUMS Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) 00 Never married 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 20 to 24 06 25 to 29 07 30+ 96 Marriage not consummated 98 Missing DURMARGRP (V513) reports the number of years elapsed since the woman's first marriage or cohabiting union until the date of the survey interview, in five-year groups. The duration is reported irrespective of whether the respondent is still married or in a union with her first partner. IPUMS Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STMO (V507) reports the month of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The year of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STYR (V508). IPUMS Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Marriage not consummated 9997 Inconsistent 9998 Don't know 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STYR (V508) reports the year of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The month of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STMO (V507). IPUMS Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 98 Marriage not consummated 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, YRSTO1STMAR (V512) reports the number of years from the start of the woman's first marriage/union to the date of the survey interview. The calculation is made using century month codes for both dates. For the month and year of first marriage/union, see MAR1STMO (V507) and MAR1STYR (V508) respectively. IPUMS Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) 9996 Not consummated 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STCMC (V509) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union 01 Month and year reported 02 Month and age reported, year imputed 03 Year and age reported, month imputed 05 Year reported, age and month imputed 06 Age reported, year and month imputed 08 Month reported, age and year imputed 09 Year and age reported, year ignored 10 Season and year reported 11 All values imputed 99 NIU (not in universe) 12 All reported, inconsistent MAR1STDATINFO (V510) reports the completeness of information for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. See Comparability. IPUMS Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth 998 First birth prior to first marriage 999 NIU (not in universe) MARTO1STBORNMO (V221) reports the number of months between the woman's first marriage (i.e., formal marriage or first episode of living with a man) and her first birth. For women whose first birth occurred before their first marriage, this variable is coded as '998.' IPUMS Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives 00 No other wives 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Has other wives, dk number 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, WIFENUM (V505) reports the number of other wives (or co-resident partners) their husband/partner had. Question wording varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women married to or living with a man who had more than one wife/partner, WIFERANK (V506) reports the woman's rank among her husband's/partner's wives/partners. IPUMS Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Living with woman 1 Staying elsewhere 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, HUSBINHOME (V504) indicates whether the husband/partner lived with the woman or stayed elsewhere. IPUMS Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent. The number reported in CHEB is the sum of a series of variables covering the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home, living away from home, or who have died (V202 to V207). The number of births reported in CHEB will match the number of entries in the birth history (V224) for up to 20 births. If the woman reported more than 20 births, then the number for CHEB will exceed the number of births in the birth history, but such cases are rare. IPUMS Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) TOTBIRTHIST (V224) reports the number of entries in the woman respondent's birth history. For up to 20 births, the birth history contains information for each of the respondent's births. In those rare cases when the respondent had more than 20 births, the birth history lists the last 19 births and the first birth. In cases where the women had fewer than 20 births, the number reported in TOTBIRTHIST will match the number reported in CHEB (V201), the total number of children ever born to the respondent. IPUMS Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSDIED (V206) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSDIED (V207) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 8 7 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) reports the number of births the woman had in the five years prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the 0 to 59 months prior to the month of the interview. IPUMS Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 BIRTHSIN1YR (V209) reports the number of births the woman had in the year prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the months 0 to 12 (not 0 to 11) prior to the month of the interview. For example, if the survey were given in January, BIRTHSIN1YR would report the number of births the woman had between the time of the survey and the previous January. IPUMS Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview 1 1 2 2 3 3 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSIN1MO (V210) reports the total number of births the woman had in the month of interview. IPUMS Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) DOB1STKIDCMC (V211) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first birth. The Guide to DHS Statistics (2003) explains the use and calculation of CMC values as follows: Century month codes (CMC) are particularly important to check consistency of dates, to calculate intervals between events, and to impute dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. That year was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 will be: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed since January 1900 to June 2002. Based on CMC it is possible to calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) IPUMS Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period 100 Day of Interview 101 Days: 1 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 98 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Weeks 201 201 Weeks: 1 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 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305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 98 months 399 Months: Number missing 400 Years 401 Years: 1 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 446 46 years 447 47 years 448 48 years 449 49+ years 499 Years: number missing 992 Currently pregnant 993 In menopause/had hysterectomy 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215) reports the time passed since the woman's last menstrual period, in days, weeks, months, or years. IPUMS Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) MENSTRUATE6WK (V216) indicates whether the woman menstruated in the 6 weeks prior to the interview, as calculated from TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely 1 During her period 2 After period ended 3 Middle of the cycle 4 Before period begins 5 At any time 6 Other/It depends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) OVCYCLE (V217) suggests the woman's knowledge of the ovulatory cycle by reporting when she believes a woman has the greatest chance of becoming pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVE (V218) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent who are currently living. The number reported in CHEBALIVE (V218) is the sum of a series of variables reporting the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home and who are living away from home (V202 to V205 - SONSATHOME, DAUSATHOME, SONSAWAYHOME, and DAUSAWAYHOME). The related variable CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent, regardless of survival status. IPUMS Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 18 18 CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) reports the woman's total number of living children, including her current pregnancy. CHSURVPLUSPG takes the value of CHEBALIVE (V218) and adds 1 if the respondent is pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6+ 9 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVETRUNC (V220) reports the woman's total number of living children (including current pregnancy), truncated at 6 or more children. This variable is a grouping of CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) truncated at 6+ children. IPUMS Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have ever given birth, LASTBIRTHTOINTMO (V222) reports the number of months between their last birth and the date of interview. IPUMS Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy 1 Month- exact date 2 Date missing, imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) For pregnant women, CONCEPTDATEFLAG (V223) indicates the completeness of information relating to the date of conception of their current pregnancy. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "This variable indicates whether the date of conception was exactly specified by the duration of the current pregnancy or the duration was imputed from other information." The related variable DURCURPREG reports the duration of the current pregnancy. IPUMS Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period 00 No flag 01 Number GT interval since birth 02 Number plus amenorrhea GT interval 03 Number reported, but period not returned 04 Reported before last birth, but no birth 05 Reported before last birth, but period since 06 Reported never menstruated, but period returned 07 Reported time during pregnancy 08 Reported never menstruated but had kids 09 Reported period before last birth 99 NIU (not in universe) MENSTIMFLAG (V227) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing responses on the time since the respondent's last menstrual period. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For time since last menstrual period, see TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No PREGTERMIN (V228) indicates whether the woman ever had a pregnancy that was terminated due to miscarriage, abortion, or stillbirth, and did not result in a live birth. IPUMS Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have had a pregnancy terminated through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage, PREGTERMINMO (V229) indicates the calendar month when the last pregnancy termination occurred, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination 2018 2018 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 For women who have had a pregnancy terminated through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage, PREGTERMINYR (V230) reports the year when the last pregnancy termination occurred, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had a pregnancy end without a live birth (through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage) 5 years before the survey, PREGTERMTIM (V233) indicates how many months pregnant the woman was when the pregnancy ended. IPUMS Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No For women who had a pregnancy end without a live birth (through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage) in the 5 years before the survey, PREGTERMPREV (V234) indicates whether the woman had any other pregnancies that ended without a live birth. IPUMS Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar No prior child 1 1 (or yes, prior child) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8+ 9 NIU (not in universe) PRECALBIDX (V235) provides the birth index number (see BIDX for more information) of the last child born to the woman before the start of the survey's birth calendar. For the majority of samples, PRECALBIDX reports the birth index number of the last child born prior to 5 years before the survey. For a minority of samples, the reference period is 3 or 4 years before the survey. See Sample Description [URL omitted from DDI.] information on the universes for children included in the surveys to learn the specific reference period for each survey. IPUMS Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No BIRTHSOTHER (V237) indicates whether the woman had any other live births in the interval between the last reported birth and the date of the interview. The question for this variable verifies whether the woman omitted any births when reporting her birth record. Omitted births should be included in the final version of the birth history in the variable CHEB (V201). IPUMS Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238) indicates the total number of births the woman had in the 3 years (0 to 35 months) prior to the interview (where 0 is the month of interview). Responses are based on the woman's birth history table, which records the month and year of her children's births. IPUMS Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No PRECALTERM (V239) indicates whether the respondent had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar. IPUMS Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMMO (V240) indicates the calendar month of the termination. IPUMS Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMYR (V241) indicates the calendar year of the termination. IPUMS Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMCMC (V242) reports the century month date of the last pregnancy termination before the start of the birth calendar. For information on how to interpret and calculate century month dates, see DOBCMC. All samples in PRECALTERMCMC use the Gregorian calendar. For similar data for Ethiopian samples using the Ethiopian calendar, see PRECALTERMCMC_ET. IPUMS Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 1 Month and year 2 From calendar 3 Year only 4 Month only 7 None 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMCOMP (V243) reports the completeness of information about the month and year of that pregnancy termination. IPUMS Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period 000 No time difference 991 In menopause/had hysterectomy 992 Pregnant, not asked 993 In menopause 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSCALC (V226) reports the computed time since the respondent's last menstrual period. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, this variable is computed from the response for V215, with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth (V227 = 7,9) recoded to the response "Before last birth" (code 995) and inconsistent responses flagged on variable 227 (codes 1-6) recoded to 997. Restated in terms of IPUMS-DHS variables and variable labels, TIMEMENSCALC is computed from the response for TIMEMENSTRUATE (Time since woman's last menstrual period). Cases with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth, when MENSTIMFLAG (Flag for reported time since last menstrual period) has values for "Reported time during pregnancy" or "Reported period before last birth," are recoded as "Before last birth" in TIMEMENSCALC. Cases with inconsistent or implausible responses according to MENSTIMFLAG (for example, the woman reportedly never menstruated but she has given birth) are recoded to "Inconsistent" for TIMEMENSCALC. IPUMS Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 99 NIU (not in universe) 02 2 05 5 03 3 04 4 AGEAT1STBIRTH (V212) reports the age of the woman at the time of her first birth. This variable is calculated by using the century month code (CMC) of the date of the woman's first birth (DOB1STKIDCMC) and the CMC of the woman's date of birth (DOBCMC). IPUMS Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) PREGTERMCMC (V231) reports the century month code of the respondent's last pregnancy termination, according to the Gregorian calendar. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "The CMC date of termination is calculated from the preceding questions [on month and year of last pregnancy termination], or from the calendar, if possible, in cases where an exact date was not given for the date of last pregnancy termination." For detailed discussion of the calculation and interpretation of century month codes, see DOBCMC (Respondent's date of birth, in century months). IPUMS Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy 1 Month and year 2 From calendar 3 Year 4 Month 5 None 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGTERMFLAG (V232) is a flag variable that indicates the type of information available on the date of the respondent's last terminated pregnancy. Survey forms supplied room to collect the month and year of the last terminated pregnancy, and cases for which both month and year are available are coded 1. IPUMS Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMTOTAL (V136) reports the total number of members of the woman's household. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, HHMEMTOTAL is calculated by summing "the number of usual residents and the number of visitors who slept in the house the previous night that were listed in the household schedule." "Usual residents" of the household are identified by the RESIDENT variable. IPUMS Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 HHKIDLT5 (V137) reports the number of children age 5 and under who reside in the household. Visiting children are not included in the count. IPUMS Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 36 99 No women age 15-49 HHELIGWOMEN (V138) reports the number of eligible women in the household, usually defined as women of childbearing age who slept in the household the previous night (regardless of whether they were usual residents or visitors). The age and marital status guidelines for defining eligible women varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head 98 Missing 97 97+ 96 96 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 HHEADAGE (V152) reports the age of the head of the household. IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head 8 Missing 2 Female 1 Male HHEADSEX (V151) reports the sex of the head of the household. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) (4) SEX Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 110. How many rooms in your household are used for sleeping? (INCLUDING ROOMS OUTSIDE THE MAIN DWELLING) ROOMS _______ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling 108. WALL MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS 01 POLES AND MUD 02 SUN-DRIED BRICKS 03 BAKED BRICKS 04 WOOD, TIMBER 05 CEMENT BLOCKS 06 STONES 07 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 376 Metal, unspecified 375 Corrugated asbestos 374 Iron or zinc sheets 292 Unburnt brick with cement 127 Animal dung 126 Hay with mud 241 Trunks with mud 000 No walls 100 NATURAL 110 Cane/palm/trunks/grass/sticks 111 Cane/palm/trunks 112 Cane/trunks 113 Cane/trunks/bamboo/reeds 114 Palm branches 115 Sticks 116 Shells 120 Earth/mud/dirt/dung 121 Unbaked brick, mud, or earth 122 Earth 123 Mud 124 Mud, dung 125 Dirt 130 Thatch/mat/leaves/straw/reeds 131 Grass 132 Thatch or straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Bamboo with mud 211 Bamboo/wood with mud 212 Bamboo 220 Stone with mud 230 Rough wood 231 Plywood 232 Reused wood 233 Timber 234 Wood/metal planks 240 Poles and mud 250 Tin/cardboard/paper/bags 251 Cardboard 252 Carton 260 Uncovered adobe 270 Corrugated metal 280 Canvas/tent 300 FINISHED 310 Cement/concrete 311 Semi-dur (cement and sand blocks) 320 Bricks 321 Finished/burnt bricks 322 Burnt bricks with mud 323 Burnt bricks with cement 324 Sundried bricks 330 Cement blocks 340 Wood planks/shingles 341 Wood and grass 350 Stone 351 Stone with lime/cement 360 Covered adobe 370 Other finished 371 Metal or asbestos sheets 400 OTHER 998 Missing 996 Non-resident 290 Unburnt bricks 373 T-iron/wood/brick 372 Tin 377 Prefab 291 Unburnt brick and plaster 999 NIU (not in universe) WALL (HV214) reports the main material of the outside walls of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 107. MAIN MATERIAL OF THE FLOOR RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. EARTH, SAND, DUNG 11 WOOD PLANKS, BAMBOO, PALM 21 PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL OR ASPHALT STRIPS 32 CERAMIC TILES, TERRAZZO 33 CEMENT 34 CARPET 35 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 109. ROOFING MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS / THATCH / MUD 01 IRON SHEETS 02 TILES . 03 CONCRETE 04 ASBESTOS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident ELECTRC (V119) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH 106. What is the main source of energy for lighting in the household? ELECTRICITY 01 BOTTLED GAS 02 PARAFFIN / KEROSENE 03 CHARCOAL 04 FIREWOOD 05 CROP RESIDUALS, STRAW, GRASS 06 ANIMAL DUNG 07 NO FOOD COOKED IN HOUSEHOLD 95 OTHER (SPECIFY) _______________ 96 96 Non-resident 75 Generator 74 Battery/solar flashlight or lamp 10 Electricity 20 Kerosene lamp 21 Kerosene lamps with glass shades 22 Kerosene/oil lamps without glass shades 23 Paraffin/hurricane lamp 24 Paraffin/pressure lamp 25 Paraffin wick lamp 30 Gas 31 Natural gas or LPG (liquified petroleum) 40 Oil 50 Wood-based 51 Charcoal 52 Firewood 53 Firewood, straw 60 Candles 70 Other, specified 71 Biogas 72 Solar 73 Dung 80 Other, unspecified 98 Missing 76 No light 11 Government electric 12 Coop electric 13 Private electric 41 Oil lamp or candles LIGHTSOURCE reports the main source of lighting in the household. The information in LIGHTSOURCE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking 105. What type of fuel does your household mainly use for cooking? ELECTRICITY 01 SOLAR 02 GAS 03 PARAFFIN-HURRICANE LAMP 04 PARAFFIN-PRESSURE LAMP 05 PARAFFIN-WICK LAMP 06 FIREWOOD 07 CANDLES 08 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 995 No food cooked in house 100 Electricity 200 Petroleum-based 210 Gasoline 220 LPG, natural gas 221 LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) 222 Natural gas 230 Bottled gas (butane or propane) 240 Kerosene 300 Biogas 400 Coal-based 410 Coal, lignite 411 Coal, coke, lignite 500 Wood- or grass-based 510 Wood 520 Charcoal 530 Firewood, straw 540 Straw, shrub, grass 600 Dung 700 Agricultural crop-based 710 Crop residues 720 Maize or other crop waste 800 Other 996 Non-resident 998 Missing 801 Jelly 802 Solar 804 Improved smokeless cook stove 999 NIU (not in universe) 803 Cardboard/paper COOKFUEL (HV226) reports the type of fuel the woman's household used for cooking. Response categories vary across surveys; see Comparability. The information in COOKFUEL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used 127. What kind of oil was it? SIMSIM/SESAME 01 GROUNT NUT 02 SUNFLOWER 03 COCONUT 04 RED PALM 05 COTTONSEED 06 COW FAT 07 GHEE 08 OTHER FAT (SPECIFY) _______96 99 NIU (Not in universe) 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 53 Ghee 52 Butter or margarine 51 Lard or suet 50 Other 40 Shea butter 35 Cottonseed oil 34 Sunflower oil 33 Coconut oil 32 Sesame oil 31 Peanut/ground nut oil 30 Other vegetable oil 20 Frytol/fortified vegetable oil 12 Yellow palm oil 11 Red palm oil 10 Palm oil COOKOILTYPE reports the type of oil the household used for cooking, either typically or within a recent reference period, such as the last seven days. The response "shea butter" refers to a fat extracted from the nut of the African shea tree. "Frytol" is the commercial brand name of a vegetable oil product used for deep frying. The information in COOKOILTYPE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers 115. How far is it to the nearest market place? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) KILOMETRES _________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MARKETKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest market, in kilometers. The information in MARKETKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 102. What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEWER SYSTEM 11 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEPTIC TANK 12 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIT LATRINE 13 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO ELSEWHERE 14 PIT LATRINE VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT LATRINE (VIP) 21 PIT LATRINE WITH SLAB 22 PIT LATRINE WITHOUT SLAB/OPEN PIT 23 COMPOSTING TOILET/ECOSAN 31 BUCKET 41 NO FACILITY/BUSH/FIELD 51 (GO TO 104) OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________________ 96 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility 103. Do you share this toilet facility with other households? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 104) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOILETSHAREYN (HV225) indicates whether the household has a toilet facility that is shared with at least one other household. A "no" response (code "0") indicates the household has a toilet that is not shared; a "yes" response (code "1") indicates the household shares a toilet facility; "not in universe" (code "9") means the household has no toilet facility. The information in TOILETSHAREYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded 103A. How many households share this toilet facility? NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS IF LESS THAN 10 _________ 10 OR MORE HOUSEHOLDS 95 DON'T KNOW 98 96 Non-resident 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For residents of households with shared toilet facilities, TOILSHARNUMT (HV238) reports the number of other households sharing their toilet, topcoded at 9 or more other households. Thus, in IPUMS-DHS, a value of 1 in TOILSHARNUMT means that 1 other household is using the household's toilet, for a total of 2 households using that facility. The information in TOILSHARNUMT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 101. What is the main source of drinking water for members of your household? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO DWELLING 11 PIPED INTO YARD/PLOT 12 PUBLIC TAP 13 NEIGHBOUR'S TAP 14 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM OPEN WELL OPEN WELL IN DWELLING 21 (GO TO 101B) OPEN WELL IN YARD/PLOT 22 (GO TO 101B) OPEN PUBLIC WELL 23 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S OPEN WELL 24 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM COVERED WELL OR BOREHOLE PROTECTED WELL IN DWELLING 31 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED WELL IN YARD/PLOT 32 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED PUBLIC WELL 33 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S BOREHOLE 34 (GO TO 101B) SURFACE WATER SPRING 41 (GO TO 101B) RIVER/STREAM 42 (GO TO 101B) POND/LAKE 43 (GO TO 101B) DAM 44 (GO TO 101B) RAINWATER 51 (GO TO 101B) TANKER TRUCK 61 (GO TO 101B) WATER VENDOR 71 (GO TO 101B) BOTTLED WATER 81 (GO TO 101B) OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 (GO TO 101B) 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) 101B. How long does it take you to go there, get water, and come back including waiting time? MINUTES ________ ON PREMISES 996 000 0 (on premises) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 994 One day or longer 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRIND (V115) reports the amount of time, in minutes, to get to the household's major source of water, top-coded at 360+ minutes. This information is taken from the individual woman's record. The complementary variable TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the same information, taken from the household record. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 101B. How long does it take you to go there, get water, and come back including waiting time? MINUTES ________ ON PREMISES 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water 101A. Who is providing water at your main source? AUTHORITY 1 CBO/NGO 2 PRIVATE OPERATOR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Government 20 Private source 21 NGO 22 Private operator 30 Obtained for free 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WTRPROVIDER reports the entity supplying (and paid for) the household's supply of drinking water. For most samples (see Comparability), the information in TOILETSHAREPRIV is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water 101C. Do you do anything to the water to make it safer to drink? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 102) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 102) 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TREATWTRYN (HV237) indicates whether the household used any treatment to make water safer to drink. The information in TREATWTRYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRBLEACH (HV237B) indicates whether the household added bleach or chlorine to make water safer to drink. The information in TRBLEACH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 12 Yes, some of the time 11 Yes, most of the time 00 No 96 Non-resident 10 Yes 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TRBOIL(HV237A) indicates whether the household boiled water to make it safer to drink. The information in TRBOIL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRCLOTH (HV237C) indicates whether the household strained water through cloth to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRCLOTH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRFILTER (HV237D) indicates whether the household used a water filter to make water safer to drink. The information in TRFILTER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSOLAR (HV237E) indicates whether the household used solar disinfection to make water safer to drink. The information in TRSOLAR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSTAND (HV237F) indicates whether the household let water stand to settle impurities, to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRSTAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TROTHER (HV237X) indicates whether the household used some "other" treatment to make water safer to drink. The meaning of other depends on the specific water treatment methods enumerated in a given survey. The information in TROTHER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRDK (HV237Z) indicates whether the respondent did not know what treatment, if any, the household used to make water safer to drink. The information in TRDK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing HHPHONE (V153) indicates whether the household has a telephone. How the question was worded changed over time. See Comparability. The related variable MOBPHONE covers the household's access to a mobile phone, specifically. IPUMS House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHPHONEHH (HV221) indicates whether any member of the household has a telephone (based on information from the household record). The information in HHPHONEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing MOBPHONE indicates whether the household had a mobile/cellular telephone. The related variable HHPHONE indicates whether the household had a telephone, regardless of the type of phone, or had a non-mobile phone. The information in MOBPHONE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing BIKE (V123) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown CAR (V125) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown MOTORCYCL (V124) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown FRIDGE (V122) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or must be owned by the household. See comparability. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Unknown 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident RADIO (V120) indicates whether the household has a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown TELEVISION (V121) indicates whether the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WATCHCLOCK indicates whether the household has access to a timepiece, either a watch or a clock. The related variable CLOCKONLY indicates whether the household has a clock. See Comparability. The information in WATCHCLOCK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing PARALAMPYN indicates whether the household has a lamp that uses paraffin (kerosene) as fuel. The information in PARALAMPYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing IRONYN indicates whether the household has an iron. The information in IRONYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing BANKACC (HV247) indicates whether any member of the household has a bank account. The information in BANKACC is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) 112. How many acres of land for farming or grazing does this household own? (PUT '0000.0' IF NONE AND 9999.8 IF DOESN'T KNOW) ACRES FOR FARMING ______.___ ACRES FOR GRAZING ______.___ No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AGLANDYN (HV244) indicates whether any member of the household owned (or had use of) agricultural land. Question wording varies across samples; see Comparability. The information in AGLANDYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 1 Never 2 Seldom 3 Sometimes 4 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FOODPROBYR reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FOODPROBYR is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally 116. Now I would like to ask you about the food your household eats? How many meals does your household usually have per day? MEALS ___________ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5+ 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 7 Don't know MEALSPERDAY reports the number of meals per day the members of the household have, either "usually" or during a recent reference period. The information in MEALSPERDAY is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FIPROBFQ reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FIPROBFQ is taken from the household record and applies to household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors (code "2") using: RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis; HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis; RESIDENTMN variable when men are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 96 Non-resident 10 Iodized salt in household 11 Packaged salt - iodized 20 Non-iodized salt in household 21 Packaged salt - noniodized 30 Salt not tested 31 Local salt 32 Loose salt 33 Salt for animals 34 Natron in block 35 Packaged salt - other 36 Other, n.e.c. 97 Doesn't cook 98 Missing/no salt available 99 NIU (not in universe) SALTBRIDGE serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on the presence of iodized salt in the household. Initially, respondents were asked, "What type of salt is usually used for cooking in your household?" Respondents were also asked to show their salt package to the interviewer. Beginning with Phase 4 of the standard DHS questionnaire, respondents were asked to provide the interviewer with a teaspoon of cooking salt, which the interviewer then tested. Iodine testing methods varied across phases and countries. SALTBRIDGE combines information from the first approach of asking about cooking salt (in SALTIODIZE (HV222)) and the second approach of testing the cooking salt for iodine (in SALTEST3 (HV234)). The information in SALTBRIDGE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT (V135) variable (with visitors coded "2"). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 0 ppm (No iodine) 10 1-25 ppm 11 7 ppm 12 LT 15 ppm 13 LE 15 ppm 14 15 ppm 15 GE 15 ppm 20 26-50 ppm 21 30 ppm 30 51-75 ppm 31 1-75 ppm 40 76-100 ppm 94 Salt not tested 95 No salt in the household 96 Non-resident 98 Missing SALTRESULT (V166) reports the results of the salt iodine test, with information recorded on the individual person's record. The following related variables, taken from the household record, report the results of the salt iodine test and are separated according to the type of test: SALTEST1 (HV234) reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values of 0 PPM, 7 PPM, 15 PPM or less, 15PPM or more, and 30 PPM. SALTEST2 reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values of 0 PPM, 1-25 PPM, 26-50 PPM, 51-75 PPM, and 76-100 PPM. SALTEST3 (HV234A) indicates whether the household's cooking salt tested positive for iodine. IPUMS Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 997 Don't know 000 0 PPM 070 7 PPM 071 Less than 15 PPM 150 15 PPM or more 151 30 PPM 994 Salt not tested 995 No salt in household 996 Non-resident 998 Missing SALTEST1 (HV234) reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values. The levels are grouped based on PPM (parts per million). Universal salt iodization is recommended (by the World Health Organization and UNICEF) to prevent and correct iodine deficiency disorders (including goiter, hypothyroidism, deaf-mutism, mental retardation, dwarfism, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities). However, unnecessarily high levels of iodine in salt may lead to occasional cases of hyperthyroidism. The information in SALTEST1 is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. The related variables SALTEST2 and SALTEST3 (HV234A) also report iodine levels in cooking salt, but with different groupings. IPUMS Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week 118. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat fish? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing FISHHHWK reports how many days the household ate fish, in the past week. The information in FISHHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week 117. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat meat? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MEATHHWK reports how many days the household ate meat, in the past week. The information in MEATHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased 125. What brand did you buy? SEMBA 1 DONA 2 NO BRAND SHOWN 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________6 DON'T KNOW 8 1 Semba 2 Dona 3 No brand shown 4 Other 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYBRAND reports the brand name of recently consumed maize flour that was purchased by the household. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYBRAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour 124. Where did you buy the maize flour? SHOP 1 MARKET 2 AT HAMMERMILL 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 1 Shop 2 Market 3 At hammermill 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYWHERE reports where the household bought recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour 123. Where did you get the maize flour? GROUND OWN MAIZE AT HOME 1 (GO TO 126) GROUND AT MAIZE MILL 2 (GO TO 126) BOUGHT FLOUR 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 (GO TO 126) 1 Ground own maize at home 2 Ground at maize mill 3 Bought flour 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZGOTWHERE reports where the household obtained recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZGOTWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days 122. Did anyone in the household prepare ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 126) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing MAIZUGALIWK indicates whether the household prepared ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days. Ugali is a starch dish, prepared from maize, millet, or sorghum, that is a staple food in much of Africa, eaten with a sauce or stew of vegetables or meat. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZUGALIWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping 130. Does your household have any mosquito nets that can be used while sleeping? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 141) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETHH (HV227) indicates whether the household has at least one mosquito bed net for use while household members are sleeping. The information in BEDNETHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 99 NIU (not in universe) 96 Non-resident 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing BEDNETNUM (HML1) reports how many mosquito nets were owned by the household. Responses were topcoded at 7+ bednets. Because of topcoding, the number of reported bednets cannot be meaningfully compared to the number of household members. The information in BEDNETNUM is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ No 1 All children 2 Some children 6 No net in household 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) indicates whether any, some, or all of the children in the household under age five slept under a bed net the previous night. Apart from universe differences, BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) has no comparability problems. Comparability - Standard DHS BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) is included in Phase IV forward of the standard DHS questionnaire. IPUMS Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 96 Non-resident 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDS (HML2) reports the number of children in the household who slept under a mosquito net the previous night. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information 132. ASK RESPONDENT TO SHOW YOU THE NET(S). IF MORE THAN 6 NETS, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). OBSERVED 1 NOT OBSERVED 2 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETWINF (HML1A) reports the number of mosquito nets with specific information the household has. Specific information can be related to the type (permanent/long-lasting insecticide-treated or pretreated) or the brand of the net. IPUMS Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers 120. How far is it to the nearest health facility? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) IF MORE THAN 95 KM, WRITE 95. KILOMETRES ________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing HCAREKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest health facility, in kilometers. The information in HCAREKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility 121. If you were to go to (NAME OF HOSPITAL, HEALTH CENTRE, or HEALTH POST), how would you go there? CAR/MOTORCYCLE 1 PUBLIC TRANSPORT (BUS, TAXI) 2 ANIMAL/ANIMAL CART 3 WALKING 4 BICYCLE 5 OTHER 6 96 Non-resident 98 Missing 10 Motorized transport 11 Car/motorcycle 12 Car/bus/taxi 13 Public transport (bus, taxi) 14 Motorcycle/scooter 15 Public transport plus walking 20 Animal or animal cart 21 Animal (horse, donkey, mule) 22 Animal drawn cart 30 Bicyle 40 Walking 90 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) HCARETRANSPORT reports the type of transportation the household members use (or hypothetically would use) to reach the nearest health facility. The information in HCARETRANSPORT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CURRWORK (V714) indicates whether the woman is currently working at a job or business. To distinguish employment from household labor, many surveys included a preface such as the following: "As you know, some women take up jobs for which they are paid in cash or in kind. Others sell things, have a small business or work on the family farm or in the family business." Women who have worked outside of their own housework in the last 12 months and been paid in cash, cash and in-kind, or only in-kind payments are included as working, although the survey questions vary in who receives an affirmative response. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who did not work in the past 7 days, JOBABSENT (V714A) indicates whether the woman had a job or business from which she was temporarily absent, due to leave, illness, vacation, maternity leave, or other reasons. IPUMS Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation 00 Not currently working 10 Professional, technical, or managerial worker 20 Clerical or Sales 21 Clerical worker 22 Sales worker 30 Agricultural 31 Self-employed agricultural worker 32 Agricultural employee 40 Household, domestic, and services 41 Household and domestic worker 42 Services worker 50 Skilled and unskilled manual 51 Skilled manual worker 52 Unskilled manual worker 60 Armed forces 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKCURRJOB (V717) reports the occupation of the respondent in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broad job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for 24 For someone else 23 For someone else (unpaid) 10 Works for self 11 Self-employed 12 Employer 20 Works for someone else 21 For family member (unpaid) 22 For family member 30 Works for self and someone else 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 40 Other WHOWORKFOR (V719) indicates whether the respondent works for a family member, for someone else, or is self-employed. IPUMS Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently 00 No 10 Yes 11 Worked in the past year 12 Currently working 13 Has a job, but on leave last 7 days 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKWORKLASTYR (V731) indicates whether the respondent worked recently (i.e., was currently working, was on leave from a job in the past 7 days, or worked in the past year). IPUMS Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally 10 All year 20 Less than all year 21 Most of the year 22 Part of the year 23 Seasonally 24 Occasionally 25 Temporary 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 29 Other WKEMPLOYWHEN (V732) indicates whether the woman works throughout the year, seasonally, or occasionally. IPUMS Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Not paid 1 Paid in cash only 2 Paid in cash and in kind 3 Paid in kind only 4 Other 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNTYPE (V741) reports the type of earnings for the respondent's work. IPUMS Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation 10 Did not work 11 Not working, student or applicant 12 Unemployed 13 Student 20 Prof., Tech., Manag. 30 Clerical or Sales 31 Clerical 32 Sales 40 Agricultural, breeding, fishing, forest 41 Agriculture, self-employed 42 Agriculture, employee 50 Household, domestic, and services 51 Household and domestic 52 Services 60 Skilled and unskilled manual 61 Skilled manual 62 Unskilled manual 70 Other 71 Army 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSJOB (V705) reports the occupation of the woman's husband/partner in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broader job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings 1 More than him 2 Less than him 3 About the same 4 Husband/partner has no earnings 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNSMORE (V746) indicates whether the woman earns more money, less money, or about the same amount of money as her husband/partner. IPUMS Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles 1 Poorest 2 Poorer 3 Middle 4 Richer 5 Richest 8 Missing WEALTHQ (V190) refers to the relative wealth of the household where the woman lives, divided into quintiles from the poorest (code 1) to the richest (code 5). The wealth index is defined in the DHS Recode Manuals as follows: The wealth index is a composite measure of a household's cumulative living standard. The wealth index is calculated using easy-to-use data on a household's ownership of selected assets, such as televisions and bicycles; materials used for housing construction; and types of water access and sanitation facilities. Generated with a statistical procedure known as principal components analysis, the wealth index places individual households on a continuous scale of relative wealth. DHS separates all interviewed households into five quintiles of wealth. For additional information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, users should consult the summary information about the wealth index on The DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on "The DHS Wealth Index" here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The complementary variable WEALTHS reports the wealth index factor score for the woman's household in a specific sample. WEALTHQ and WEALTHS are included on the woman's record for Phase 5 forward only. IPUMS-DHS has made available these variables for Phase 2 forward, by linking the wealth index files to the woman's individual recode files. The variables used to calculate wealth index quintiles and the level of wealth implied by a specific ranking are sample-specific. See Comparability. IPUMS Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) WEALTHS (V191) refers to the household's wealth index value generated by the product of standardized scores (z-scores) and factor coefficient scores (factor loadings) of wealth indicators. Most researchers will want to use instead the complementary variable WEALTHQ (V190), which reports quintile ranking (from poorest to richest) of the woman's household, in terms of wealth score, for a given sample. For further information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, see the description of WEALTHQ, the summary information about the wealth index on the DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on "The DHS Wealth Index" here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The variables used to calculate wealth index scores are sample-specific. See Comparability. WEALTHS (V191) is a 12-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly 10 Does not own 20 Owns alone only 30 Owns jointly 31 Owns jointly only 32 Owns both alone and jointly 40 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FEMOWNHOUSE (V745A) indicates whether the woman owns a house alone or jointly with someone else. IPUMS Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly 10 Does not own land 20 Owns alone only 30 Owns jointly 31 Owns jointly only 32 Owns both alone and jointly 40 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FEMOWNLAND (V745B) indicates whether the woman owns land alone or jointly with someone else. IPUMS Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage 00 Cannot read at all 10 Reads 11 Able to read only part of sentence 12 Able to read whole sentence 20 Not ascertained (blind, diff. language) 21 No card with required language 22 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing LIT2 (V155) indicates whether the woman could read. This variable is available beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS. Persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As with LIT1 (V108), those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. For Phases 1-3 of the DHS, information on literacy was collected using a different approach, by simply asking whether the person could read (LIT1). See LITBRIG for information about using the data on literacy across all phases of the DHS. IPUMS Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable 10 Yes, reads 11 Reads easily/whole sentence 12 Reads with difficulty/part of sentence 20 No, cannot read 30 Not ascertained (blind or diff. language) 31 No card with required language 32 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LITBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on literacy. Initially, respondents were asked, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS, persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As before, those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. LITBRIG combines information from the first approach of asking about literacy (in LIT1 [V108]) and the second approach of testing literacy based on reading a sentence aloud (in LIT2 [V155]). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 8 Missing For women who ever went to school, EDUCLVL (V106) reports the highest level of school they attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who ever attended school, YRSCHL (V107) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher), as reported in EDUCLVL (V106). See Comparability. For the woman's total years of education, see EDYRTOTAL (V133). IPUMS Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education 98 Missing 97 Don't know 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Inconsistent 27 27 EDYRTOTAL (V133) reports the woman's education level in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107) as follows: If EDUCLVL = "No education," EDYRTOTAL = "0" If EDUCLVL = "Primary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL If EDUCLVL = "Secondary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + x If EDUCLVL = "Higher," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + y If EDUCLVL = "Missing," EDYRTOTAL = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 8 Missing EDACHIEVER (V149) is a summary variable that reports the woman's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. EDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107). IPUMS Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) 00 No education 10 Pre-school 20 Primary 30 Post-primary training 40 Secondary 41 Secondary "O" level 42 Secondary "A" level 50 Post-secondary training 51 Post-secondary "O" level training 52 Post-secondary "A" level training 60 University 97 Don't know EDUCLVLTZ reports the highest level of school that the respondent attended, within the educational system of Tanzania. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania and reflects the educational system of that country. IPUMS Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) YRSCHLTZ reports the number of years of education the respondent completed at the highest level of schooling achieved, in the Tanzanian educational system and as reported in EDUCLVLTZ. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDLVL (V701) reports the highest level of school attended by their most recent husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDLVL is a standardized variable reporting the level of education in four categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women whose most recent husband/partner had ever attended school, HUSEDYR (V702) reports the number of years of schooling completed by their husband/partner at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in HUSEDLVL (V701). For the husband's total years of education, see HUSEDYRS (V715). IPUMS Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDYRS (V715) reports the education of the woman's most recent husband/partner in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) as follows: If HUSEDLVL = "No education," HUSEDYRS = "0" If HUSEDLVL = "Primary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR If HUSEDLVL = "Secondary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + x If HUSEDLVL = "Higher," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + y If HUSEDLVL = "Missing," HUSEDYRS = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HUSEDACHIEVER (V729) is a summary variable that reports the highest level of education in broad categories for the woman's husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. HUSEDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in the HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) variables. IPUMS Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSFQ (V157) reports how often the woman usually reads a newspaper or magazine (not at all, less than once a week, once a week or more often, or almost every day). For a potentially comparable variable asking whether the woman reads the newspaper or a magazine at least once a week, see NEWSWK (V109). For a variable bridging NEWSFQ and NEWSWK, see NEWSBRIG. IPUMS Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to newspapers and magazines. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they read a newspaper or magazine at least once a week (NEWSWK (V109)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they read newspapers or magazines (NEWSFQ (V157)). NEWSBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know TVFQ (V159) reports how often the woman usually watches television (not at all, less than once a week, at least once a week, or almost every day). For a comparable variable asking whether the woman watches television at least once a week, see TVWK (V110). For a variable bridging TVFQ and TVWK (V110), see TVBRIG. IPUMS Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know TVBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to television. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they watch television at least once a week (TVWK (V110)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they watch television (TVFQ (V159)). TVBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOFQ (V158) reports how often the woman usually listens to the radio (not at all, less than once a week, at least once a week, or almost every day). For a comparable variable that asks about whether the woman listens to the radio at least once a week, see RADIOWK (V112). For a variable bridging RADIOFQ and RADIOWK (V112), see RADIOBRIG. IPUMS Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable 00 No 01 Not at all 02 Less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to the radio. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they listen to the radio at least once a week (RADIOWK (V112)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they listen to the radio (RADIOFQ (V158)). RADIOBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases 10 Woman alone 20 Woman and husband/partner 30 Woman and someone else 40 Husband/partner 50 Someone else 51 Other senior male 52 Other senior female 60 Other or not applicable 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 53 Family elders/relatives DECBIGHH (V743B) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding large household purchases. IPUMS Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives 1 Woman alone 2 Woman and husband/partner 3 Woman and someone else 4 Husband/partner 5 Someone else 6 Other or not applicable 7 Family elders/relatives 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DECFAMVISIT (V743D) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding (the woman's) visits to family or relatives. IPUMS Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings 10 Woman alone 20 Woman and husband/partner 30 Woman and someone else 40 Husband/partner 50 Someone else 51 Mother or father 52 Aunt or uncle 53 Family elders 54 Someone else, unspecified 60 Other or not applciable 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have worked in the last 12 months and were paid in cash or in cash and in kind in the last 12 months, DECFEMEARN (V739) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding how the income she earns is spent. IPUMS Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care 1 Woman alone 2 Woman and husband/partner 3 Woman and someone else 4 Husband/partner 5 Someone else 6 Other/not applicable 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Family elders/relatives DECFEMHCARE (V743A) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding the woman's own healthcare. IPUMS Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 53 Never had sex 52 Declared infecund 51 Sterilized 50 Not at risk of pregnancy 40 Up to God 30 No more 20 Undecided 10 Have another For countries with low contraceptive prevalence, FERTPREF (V602) reports responses to the question, "Would you like to have a (another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children"? The standard response categories are "have another," "no more/none," "says she can't get pregnant," and "undecided or don't know." In Phase I, FERTPREF (V602), was constructed from two questions in countries with high contraceptive prevalence (Model "A" questionnaires). Women who responded that they want another child, but when asked when they would like the next child, respond that they cannot get pregnant, are classified in the "declared infecund category," and not in the "Wants another" category. Some samples also include the response "up to God." More detailed responses under the general category "says she can't get pregnant" are sometimes available. In IPUMS-DHS, all responses in the general category of "not at risk of pregnancy" share a common first digit of 5, while the second digit distinguishes between the specific reasons. In some countries, women who never had sexual intercourse (coded as "53" in IPUMS-DHS) were not asked the questions relating to their desire for future children. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 61 Desire birth in less than 2 years 60 No unmet need 53 Never had sex 52 Not in union, not sexually active 51 Infecund or menopausal 50 Not at risk 41 No sex, want to wait 40 Future need for FP 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Had FP failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED (V624) is a constructed variable that reports a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The following describes the constructed categories in more detail: Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was mistimed, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and say they want to wait two or more years for their next birth, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Unmet need for limiting includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was unwanted, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was unwanted, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and who want no more children. Met need for spacing includes women who are using some method of family planning and say they want to have another child, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Met need for limiting includes women who are using family planning and who want no more children. Note that the specific methods (modern or traditional) are not taken into account here. Met need describes women who have no need for contraceptive methods, either because they desire a child soon (within the next two years) or because they are menopausal or infecund. In high contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "A" countries), pregnant and postpartum amenorrheic women whose pregnancy was the result of a contraceptive failure are not included in the category of unmet need, but they are categorized as spacing failures or limiting failures. In low contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "B" countries), no such distinction is made, since information was not collected on contraceptive failure. Infecund women are also excluded from the unmet need categories. The "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" provides the following definitions: Fecundity: A woman is assumed to be fecund unless she declares that she is infecund, had a hysterectomy, or is menopausic. Women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic but who have not menstruated for six or more months, and married women who have not used contraception in the past five years but have not had a birth and are not pregnant, are also considered infecund. Failure to Space: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say they wanted the current pregnancy later. Failure to Limit: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say that they did not want another child before they became pregnant. Excluded from the unmet need category are women who became pregnant while using a method (these women are in need of a better method of contraception). The infecund or menopausal category on the UNMETNEED (V624) variable contains fewer cases than the EXPOSURE1 variable, because women who are categorized as infecund or menopausal, but are currently using a contraceptive method, are recorded in the two "met need" categories in UNMETNEED. UNMETNEED (V624) incorporates responses to the following variables: [EXPOSURE1/V623], which reports the woman's exposure to the risk of pregnancy, defined as pregnant, postpartum amenorrheic, menopausal or infecund, and fecund. [ V225], which reports whether a current pregnancy was wanted then, later or not at all (for women who were pregnant at the time of interview). [KIDDESIRE/V605] ,which reports whether the woman wants more children and when she would like them. [FPMETHNOW/V312] which reports the woman's current use of contraception. Users are also encouraged to see details of this variable provided in the "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 53 No sex, want to wait/not married and no sex in last 30 days 52 Never had sex 51 Infecund, menopausal 50 Not at risk for pregnancy 41 Desire birth in less than 2 yrs 40 No unmet need 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Family limitation failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED2 (V626) is a constructed variable that indicates a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. UNMETNEED2 is similar to UNMETNEED, but UNMETNEED2 differently categorizes women who are infecund or menopausal but are currently using a contraceptive method. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of UNMETNEED2 uses a definition of fecundity based on exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE2. UNMETNEED, by contrast, uses a definition of exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE1. See the descriptions of these two variables for discussion of their differences. IPUMS Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 63 Never had sex 62 Declared infecund 61 Sterilized 60 Not at risk of pregnancy 51 Up to God 50 Fatalistic response 40 Wants no more 30 Undecided 13 Wants, unsure timing 12 Wants after 2+ years 11 Wants within 2 years 10 Wants more children KIDDESIRE (V605) is a constructed variable that distinguishes between women who want another child soon (in less than two years), who want another child later (in 2+ years), who want no more children, and who aren't sure (about timing or about the number of children desired). When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of this variable has changed across phases of the DHS and varies across countries (only sometimes distinguishing between groups of women not at risk of pregnancy due to sterilization, infecundity, or virginity). To maximize comparability across samples, IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding. Women who want more children share a common first digit of 1, women not at risk of pregnancy share a common first digit of 6, and detail present in only some samples is specified in the code's second digit. IPUMS Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child 1 Wanted last child then 2 Wanted last child later 3 Wanted no more children 7 Unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLCHDESIRE (V367) reports whether the woman's last born child was wanted at the time she got pregnant, was wanted but at a later time, or was not wanted at all. The cutoff point for when the woman's last child was born varies across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy 1 Then 2 Later 3 Not at all 4 Up to God 7 Don't know/Not sure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently pregnant, PGDESIRE (V225) reports whether, at the time of becoming pregnant, the woman wanted her pregnancy then, later, or not at all. IPUMS Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 66 Number she has currently 65 Depends on husband 64 As many as possible 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 67 As many as can care for 68 Doesn't want children 99 NIU (not in universe) IDEALKID (V613) reports the ideal total number of children the woman would have liked to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing. The information is collected through hypothetical questions such as, "If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women with living children) or "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women without living children). If the woman responded with a range of values, IDEALKID reports the midpoint between those values. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "If the midpoint is not an exact number then the number is rounded up in half the cases and rounded down for the other half." The questionnaires included space for non-numeric "other" responses, such as "Up to God." When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) 8 Missing 7 Non-numeric response 6 6+ 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 [no label] 9 NIU (not in universe) Like IDEALKID, IDEALKIDGRP (V614) reports the total number of children the woman would hypothetically like to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing, but top-codes numeric responses at 6+ children and codes non-numeric responses as 7. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 99 NIU (not in universe) 66 Number she has currently 69 No sex preference Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALBOYS (V627) reports how many of these children would ideally be boys. Numeric responses to IDEALBOYS (V627), IDEALGIRLS (V628), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID (V613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 God's decision/Allah's will 60 Non-numeric response 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 99 NIU (not in universe) 66 Number she has currently 69 No sex preference Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALGIRLS reports how many of these children would ideally be girls. Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLS (V628), IDEALBOYS (V627), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID (V613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 66 Number she has currently 99 NIU (not in universe) Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALBOTH (V629) reports the ideal number of children of either sex (i.e., with no gender preference). Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLS (V628), IDEALBOYS (V627), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID. Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, number missing 989 Up to God 990 After finishing school 991 After marriage 992 When husband returns 993 After breastfeeding 994 At any time 995 Soon/now 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALBTHFUT (V616) reports how long the woman would like to wait before the birth of a/another child. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child 100 Less than one month (want now) 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, number unspecified 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years or more 299 Years, number unspecified 987 After weaning 989 After finishing school 990 When spouse returns 991 Up to God 992 After marriage 993 Any time 994 Soon or immediately 995 Other, non-numeric response 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECH (V603) reports the amount of time, in months or years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child (top-coded at 20 years). The complementary variable PREFTIMECH (V604) reports responses to the same question, but in terms of years only, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECH includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples, and the way this variable was asked and calculated also changed over time; see Comparability. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) 00 Less than 12 months 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 or more years 96 Non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECHGP (V604) reports the amount of time, in years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECHGP includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples; see Comparability. The related variable PREFTIMECH presents the same information in greater detail, in terms of months or years, top-coded at 20 years. IPUMS Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Mainly husband, partner 1 Mainly respondent 2 Joint decision 3 Other 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know For women using family planning, FPDECIDER (V632) reports who decided on the use of contraception (mainly the woman, mainly her partner, joint decision, or someone else). IPUMS Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children 01 Both want same 02 Husband wants more 03 Husband wants fewer 07 Don't Know 08 Missing 09 NIU (not in universe) 04 Both provided non-numeric response HUSFERTPREF (V621) reports whether the woman believes her partner wants the same number of children, more children, or fewer children than she wants. IPUMS Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FPHUSKNOUS (V634) indicates whether the woman's husband or partner knows that she is using a method of family planning. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund 3 Infecund, menopausal 2 Amenorrheic 1 Pregnant Fecund 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EXPOSURE1 (V623) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to differentiate between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, these categories are actualized as follows: Pregnant women Postpartum amenorrheic women are those whose period has not returned since the last birth in the three/five years preceding the survey. Women are defined as being menopausal if they are not pregnant and not postpartum amenorrheic, are not currently using a contraceptive method, and have not had a period in the six months preceding the survey or report they are in menopause. Women are defined as being infecund if they are not menopausal and not postpartum amenorrheic and not pregnant, have had no birth in the five years preceding the survey, and either (Model "A" countries) have been continuously married and have not used contraception in the five years preceding the survey, or (Model "B" countries) have been married one time and first married five or more years before the survey and have never used contraception. Fecund women are all women not included in the preceding categories. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund 1 Pregnant 2 Amenorrheic 3 Infecund, menopausal 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Like EXPOSURE1, EXPOSURE2 (V625) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to distinguish between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. EXPOSURE2 uses a more liberal definition of infecundity than EXPOSURE1, however. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The DHS Recode Manuals explain the differences between these two variables as follows: For Model "B" countries, it is only possible to say that a woman had been continuously married throughout the preceding five years if she was in her first union. This definition has been relaxed in V625 [EXPOSURE2], such that the respondent need only have been married at least five years ago, and not continuously married throughout the last five years. For Model "A" countries, there is no change to this part of the definition. [For EXPOSURE2] Two additional variables have been used to declare a woman infecund. If the respondent said that she cannot get pregnant when asked about preferences for additional children, or if she reported that she was menopausal or had a hysterectomy when giving the reason she was not currently using a contraceptive method, the respondent is coded as infecund. Model A countries and Model B countries are defined according to whether the country based its questionnaire on the Model A or Model B standard DHS questionnaire for DHS phases one through four. In general, the Model A questionnaire was designed for use in countries with high contraceptive prevalence. Nonetheless, countries with relatively low contraceptive prevalence sometimes modeled their own questionnaire on the Model A standard questionnaire. This was the case, for example, for the Kenyan samples for 1998 and 2003 and the Malawi samples for 2000 and 2004. IPUMS Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method 00 Knows no method 10 Knows only traditional or folkloric method 11 Knows only folkloric method 12 Knows only traditional method 20 Knows modern method 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOTYP (V301) is a summary (recoded) variable indicating whether the woman knew any family planning method and, if so, whether she knew a modern method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet) that vary across samples. IPUMS Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOPILL (V304_01) indicates whether the woman knew about the Pill as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIUD (V304_02) indicates whether the woman knew about the IUD (intra-uterine device) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probe questions, an IUD was often described as "a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse." IPUMS Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOINJ (V304_03) indicates whether the woman knew about injectables as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. For the probe question, injectables were typically defined as "an injection by a doctor or nurse, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several months." IPUMS Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNODIA (V304_04) indicates whether the woman knew about the diaphragm or spermicides, such as a foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOCON (V304_05) indicates whether the woman knew about male condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFST (V304_06) indicates whether the woman knew about female sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOMST (V304_07) indicates whether the woman knew about male sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFC (V304_14) indicates whether the woman knew about female condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIMP (V304_11) indicates whether the woman knew about implants (such as Norplant) as a method for family planning. Implants were generally described as "small rods placed in their arm by a doctor, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several years." Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOLAM (V304_13) indicates whether the woman knew about the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSLAM indicates whether the woman had ever used LAM as a means to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOEMRG (V304_16) indicates whether the woman knows about emergency contraception as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSEMRG indicates whether the woman had ever used emergency contraception to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, emergency contraception is often described by the following: As an emergency measure, within three days after they have unprotected sexual intercourse, women can take special pills to prevent pregnancy. IPUMS Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFJ (V304_15) indicates whether the woman knew about spermicide, such as foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSFJ indicates whether the woman had ever used a spermicide to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOWD (V304_09) indicates whether the woman knew about withdrawal as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP 10 Yes 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNORHY (V304_08) indicates whether the woman knew about the rhythm method (periodic abstinence at the high-fertility part of the woman's menstrual cycle) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOOM (V304_10) indicates whether the woman knew about any "other" method(s) as a method of family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSOM indicates whether the woman had ever used any "other" method(s) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in this case depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUREFF (V3A02) indicates whether the woman was told by anyone about potential side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCURDEAL indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with these side effects. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03), which indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by a health or family planning worker. IPUMS Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) FPCURDEAL (V3A04) indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with the side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCUREFF (V3A02) indicates whether the woman was told about the sides effects in general. FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03) indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by a health/family planning worker. IPUMS Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03) indicates whether the woman was told by a health or family planning worker about potential side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCURDEAL indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with these side effects. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUREFF (V3A02), which indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by anyone. IPUMS Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUROM (V3A05) indicates whether the woman was told by anyone about other potential contraceptive methods she could use when she first obtained her current method. Universes vary across samples; see Comparability. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUROMWKR (V3A06), which indicates whether the woman was told about other potential methods by a health or family planning worker. IPUMS Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUROMWKR (V3A06) indicates whether the woman was told by a health or family planning worker about other potential contraceptive methods she could use when she first obtained her current method. Universes vary across samples; see Comparability. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUROM (V3A05), which indicates whether the woman was told about other potential methods by anyone. IPUMS Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) 00 No method 10 Folkloric or traditional method 11 Folkloric method 12 Traditional method 20 Modern method 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPNOW (V313) indicates whether the woman is currently using a modern, traditional, or folkloric method of contraception. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method 10 Currently using 20 Ever used, but not currently using 21 Used since last birth 22 Used before last birth 30 Never used 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPATRN (V361) reports the woman's pattern of contraceptive use by indicating whether she is currently using, has used in the past, or has never used contraception. IPUMS Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP 000 Not using 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/Implants 104 Condom 105 Female Condom 106 Female Sterilization 107 Male Sterilization 110 Injections 111 Injection (3 monthly) 112 Injection (monthly) 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 121 Diaphragm 122 Diaphragm/Foam 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 124 Foam or Jelly 125 Foaming tablets 126 Vaginal methods 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 140 Emergency contraception 150 Other modern method 151 Contraceptive patch 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle Beads/Standard days method 213 Abstinence 214 Mucus method 215 Natural family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 230 Other traditional/folkloric 231 Herbs/Plants 232 Gris-Gris/Amulet 233 Astrology 234 Strings 300 OTHER METHOD, UNSPECIFIED 301 Other specific method 1 302 Other specific method 2 303 Other specific method 3 304 Other specific method 4 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FPMETHNOW (V312) reports the contraceptive method the woman is currently using. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. See FPEVUSE for more information on broad categories of contraception. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes No 7 Don't know For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant and who ever used the Pill, FPNOWUSPILL (V307_01) indicates whether the woman is now using the Pill. IPUMS FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSINJ (V307_03) indicates whether the woman is now using injectable contraception. IPUMS FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSIUD (V307_02) indicates whether the woman is now using an IUD. IPUMS FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSIMP (V307_11) indicates whether the woman is now using a contraceptive implant, such as Norplant, to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSFST (V307_06) indicates whether the woman is now using female sterilization. IPUMS FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSMST (V307_07) indicates whether the woman is now using male sterilization. IPUMS FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSDIA (V307_04) indicates whether the woman is now using the diaphragm. IPUMS FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSCON (V307_05) indicates whether the woman is now using the male condom. IPUMS FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSFC (V307_14) indicates whether the woman is now using the female condom to delay or avoid getting pregnant. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNOWUSCON, which refers to the male condom. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSFJ (V307_15) indicates whether the woman is now using a spermicide, such as foam or jelly, to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSLAM (V307_13) indicates whether the woman is now using the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSEMRG indicates whether the woman is now using a form of emergency contraception to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSRHY (V307_08) indicates whether the woman is now using rhythm (periodic abstinence). IPUMS FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSWD (V307_09) indicates whether the woman is now using withdrawal. IPUMS FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSOM (V307_10) indicates whether the woman is now using some "other" contraceptive method to delay or avoid getting pregnant. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method 98 Missing 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTMO (V315) reports the month of the calendar year when they first started using their current method. The year when the woman first started using her current method is reported in FPCURSTYR (V316). IPUMS Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 2013 2013 2012 2012 2011 2011 2010 2010 2009 2009 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006 2005 2005 2004 2004 2003 2003 2002 2002 2001 2001 2000 2000 1999 1999 1998 1998 1997 1997 1996 1996 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1970 1970 1971 1971 1960 1960 2017 2017 For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTYR (V316) reports the year when they first started using their current method. The calendar month when the woman first started using her current method is reported in FPCURSTMO (V315). IPUMS Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTCMC (V317) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date when the woman started using her current method. IPUMS Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method 1 Month and year given 5 Month imputed, year given 7 Month given, year imputed (date placed) 8 No information given (date placed) 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCURCOMP (V318) reports the completeness of information about the start date of the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method 000 0 months 001 1 month 002 2 months 003 3 months 004 4 months 005 5 months 006 6 months 007 7 months 008 8 months 009 9 months 010 10 months 011 11 months 012 12 months 013 13 months 014 14 months 015 15 months 016 16 months 017 17 months 018 18 months 019 19 months 020 20 months 021 21 months 022 22 months 023 23 months 024 24 months 025 25 months 026 26 months 027 27 months 028 28 months 029 29 months 030 30 months 031 31 months 032 32 months 033 33 months 034 34 months 035 35 months 036 36 months 037 37 months 038 38 months 039 39 months 040 40 months 041 41 months 042 42 months 043 43 months 044 44 months 045 45 months 046 46 months 047 47 months 048 48 months 049 49 months 050 50 months 051 51 months 052 52 months 053 53 months 054 54 months 055 55 months 056 56 months 057 57 months 058 58 months 059 59 months 060 60 months 061 61 months 062 62 months 063 63 months 064 64 months 065 65 months 066 66 months 067 67 months 068 68 months 069 69 months 070 70 months 071 71 months 072 72 months 073 73 months 074 74 months 075 75 months 076 76 months 077 77 months 078 78 months 079 79 months 080 80 months 081 81 months 082 82 months 083 83 months 084 84 months 085 85 months 086 86 months 087 87 months 088 88 months 089 89 months 090 90 months 091 91 months 092 92 months 093 93 months 094 94 months 095 95 months 096 96 or more months 995 All calendar years 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a contraceptive method, FPCURNOMO (V337) reports the number of months they have been continuously using their current method. Starting in Phase II, there are differences in the way these data are reported between Model "A" and Model "B" countries, due to the inclusion of a detailed calendar of events in the five years preceding the interview in Model "A" questionnaires. For Model "B" questionnaires, any response greater than 8 years is topcoded at "96." However, for Model "A" questionnaires, the maximum duration of use that could be recorded is the entire length of the calendar (i.e., 5 years). IPUMS First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method 5560 Community Center 4213 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3309 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3308 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA 3307 Family Planning Association of Nepal 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 2425 Homeopath 2330 Private Sangini outlet 1909 Condom box 1438 Primary health center outreach clinic 0000 No one 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Regional/provincial hospital 1140 Urban hospital 1150 District/rural hospital 1151 District hospital 1152 Rural hospital 1160 Category I hospital 1170 Category II hospital 1180 University/teaching hospital 1181 University hospital 1182 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Family welfare center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Category I health center 1290 Category II health center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planninc clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1430 Government health worker 1431 Fieldworker 1432 Lady health worker (LHW) 1433 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1434 Community-based distribution agent 1435 Community/village health worker 1436 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1437 Nurse 1500 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1600 Government maternity home 1610 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health box 1903 Health station/clinic 1904 Health office 1905 Community clinic 1906 Health insurance organization 1907 Curative care organization 1908 Youth facility 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Specialized hospital 2112 District hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Polyclinic 2122 Clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Qualified doctor 2220 Traditional doctor 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Fieldworker 2422 Community-based distribution agent 2423 Community/village health worker 2424 Nurse 2500 Private health center 2510 VCT center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Medical office 2902 Care room 2903 Tent 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Community-based outlet 3200 NGO health worker 3210 NGO community-based distributor 3220 NGO fieldworker 3230 NGO depot holder 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 AMO Congo 3302 Egypt FP association 3303 CSI project 3304 BLM 3305 MACRO 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious mobile clinic 4400 Religious door-to-door 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5111 General dealer 5112 Supermarket 5113 Tuck shop 5114 Service station 5120 Kiosk 5130 Gas station 5190 Other retail 5200 Relative/friend 5210 Partner 5300 Church/mosque 5400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 5410 Bar/nightclub 5411 Bar 5420 Hotel 5500 Other institution 5510 School 5520 Youth center 5530 Workplace 5600 Media 5610 Family planning campaign 5700 Traditional practitioner 5710 Hakim 5720 Traditional birth attendant (TBA) 5800 Informal channels 5810 Drug vendor 5820 Public toilet 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1190 Military hospital 1412 Sub-center or sub-post 1620 Rural maternity clinic 3140 Red Cross 3150 Marie Stopes 3160 Population Services International (PSI) 3170 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3306 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 4900 Other religious 5540 Charity/foundation 5550 Refugee camp FPKNOW1SRC (V3A07) reports the first source for the respondent's current method of contraception. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed 6903 Community center 3306 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 0000 NO ONE 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 National hospital 1111 Referral/specialty hospital 1112 National/central hospital 1113 Military hospital 1114 Day hospital 1120 Provincial/regional hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 University/teaching hospital 1171 University hospital 1172 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Basic health center 1260 Integrated health center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Family welfare center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1330 Family planning clinic CBD 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1412 Sub-center 1413 Sub-health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1421 Mobile PHC clinic 1430 Government health professional 1431 Doctor 1432 Nurse 1433 Paramedic 1440 Government health worker 1434 Community-based distributor (CBD) 1435 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1436 Male mobilizer 1437 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1438 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1450 Government outreach clinic 1451 Primary health care outreach clinic 1452 Satellite clinic/EPI outreach 1453 Community clinic 1454 Rural/municipal clinic 1460 Camp 1470 Household visit 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1520 Rural maternity 1530 Anganwadi/ICDS center 1600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1610 Government pharmacy 1611 Community pharmacy 1620 Government dispensary 1900 Other public 1901 Clinic 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Health home 1904 Health office 1905 Health insurance organization 1906 Parastatal health facility 1907 Youth center 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Private specialty hospital 2112 Private district hospital 2113 Private university hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Private polyclinic 2122 Private clinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary/drug store 2210 Private pharmacy 2220 Private dispensary 2230 Private chemist/drug store 2231 Private chemist 2232 Private drug store 2240 Private mobile drug vendor 2300 Private doctor's office 2310 Qualified doctor 2320 Traditional/unqualified doctor 2330 Private practice 2331 Private care room 2332 Private infirmiry 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Private field worker 2422 Private community/village health worker 2423 Private community-based distributor 2424 Private paramedic 2425 Private hakim/homeopath 2426 Private traditional healer 2427 Private traditional birth attendant (TBA) 2428 Private nurse 2500 Private health center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2610 Injectables outlet 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Tent 2902 VCT center 3000 NGO SECTOR 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Marie Stopes facility 3131 Banja la Mtsogolo (BLM) 3140 Red Cross facility 3150 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3160 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) 3170 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Field worker 3230 Community-based distributor 3300 Country-specific NGO 3301 Amo-Congo 3302 Clinical Services Improvement (CSI) 3303 Malawi AIDS Counselling and Resource Organization (MACRO) 3304 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 3305 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3900 Other NGO 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious outreach 4310 Religious health post 4320 Religious mobile clinic 4330 Religious health worker 4331 Religious field worker 4900 Other religious 5000 UNSPECIFIED MEDICAL SECTOR 5100 Pharmacy/dispensary 5110 Pharmacy 5120 Dispensary 5200 Outreach 5210 Mobile clinic 5220 Health worker 5221 Field worker 5222 Traditional healer 5223 Health educator 5224 Peer educators 5230 Outreach clinic 5900 Other unspecified medical sector 5901 Media campaign 6000 OTHER 6100 Shop/market 6110 Shop 6111 General dealer 6112 Supermarket/tuck shop 6113 Supermarket 6114 Tuck shop 6120 Market 6130 Kiosk 6140 Gas station 6150 Other retail 6200 Church/mosque 6300 Friend/relative 6310 Friend 6320 Relative 6321 Partner 6400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 6410 Bar/nightclub 6411 Bar 6420 Hotel 6500 Workplace 6510 Respondent's workplace 6520 Partner's workplace 6600 Informal channels 6610 Drug vendor 6620 Support group 6630 Women's sittings 6700 Location for adolescents 6710 Youth center 6720 School 6900 Other facility 6901 Refugee camp 6902 Charity/foundation 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCD (V326) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Church, Shop, friends, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Govt Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinic/Pharm For women using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCS (V327) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into a few standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) 1 Salama 2 MSD 3 Dume 4 Rough Rider 5 Familia 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using condoms, FPCONBRANDTZ (V323ATZ) reports the brand name of the condom that the respondent currently uses. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used 4203 Emkit 3112 Triella 2215 TriNovum 2114 Stediril 1241 Rigevidon 1240 Brevinor 1239 Lusiaf 1129 Yasmin 1128 Triquilar 1127 Trinordial 2113 " 1242 NewFem 1000 LOW-DOSE PILLS 1100 International brands 1101 Adepal 1102 Choice 1103 Cilest 1104 Combination-3 1105 Confidence 1106 Diane 1107 Duofem 1108 Eugynon 1109 Famila 28 1110 Femicon 1111 Gracial 1112 Lo-femenal 1113 Logynon 1114 Marvelon 1115 Microgynon 1116 Minidril 1117 Miniphase 1118 Nordette 1119 Norminest 1120 Norquest 1121 Novodol 1122 Oralcon F 1123 Ortho-Novum 1124 Pilplan 1125 Planif 1126 Planyl 1200 Country-specific brands 1201 Nogestol 1202 Desolon 1203 Femipill 1204 Maya 1205 Noret-28 1206 Ovacon 1207 Shuki 1208 Harmonie (PSI) 1209 Varnoline 1210 Microcept 1211 Microvlar 1212 Triocept 1213 Trivolar 1214 Style/Trigestrel 1215 Secure 1216 Microlite 1217 Apsara 1218 Ecroz 1219 Mala-D 1220 Mala-N 1221 Novelon 1222 Ovral L 1223 Pearl 1224 Anteovin 1225 Belara 1226 Gracial 1227 Loestrin 1228 Mawelon 1229 Norimin 1230 Femiplan 1231 Conova 30 1232 Trigynon 1233 OK pills 1234 Sure 1235 Feminyl 1236 Nilocon White 1237 Sunaulo Gulaf 1900 Unspecified low-dose pills 2000 HIGH-DOSE PILLS 2100 International brands 2101 Anovlar 2102 Gynovlar 2103 Lyndiol 2104 Microgynon 30 ED 2105 Milli Anovlar 2106 Neogynon 2107 Neogynon ED 2108 Nordiol 2109 Norquentiel 2110 Ovidon 2111 Ovral 2112 Ovulen 50 2200 Country-specific brands 2201 Combination-5 2202 Lynes 2203 Ovostat 2204 Regumen 2205 Novell-duo 2206 Gynera 2207 Primovlar 2208 Duoluton-L 2209 Ovral G 2210 Progyluton 2211 Gynovlane 2212 Ovanon 2213 Ovidon 2214 Triphasit 2900 Unspecified high-dose pill 3000 PROGESTIN-ONLY PILLS 3100 International brands 3101 Exluton/Lynestrenol 3102 Femulen 3103 Microlut 3104 Micronor 3105 Micronovum 3106 Microval 3107 " 3108 Minovlar 3109 Noriday 3110 Ovrette 3111 Safe Plan 3200 Country-specific brands 3201 Bredicon 3202 Minicon 3203 Levonor 3204 Hyan 3205 I-plan 3206 Primolut N 3207 Cerazette 3208 Planor 3209 Softsure 4000 EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION 4100 International brands 4200 Country-specific brands 4201 Gravistal 4202 Postinor 4900 Unspecified emergency contraception 5000 NON-HORMONAL PILLS 5100 International brands 5200 Country-specific brands 5201 Centron 5202 Saheli 6000 UNSPECIFIED/UNKNOWN PILLS 6100 International brands 6101 Today (sponge) 6200 Country-specific brands 6201 Khoshi 6202 Aco 6203 Cotrablan 6204 Microvior 30 6205 Stero 6206 Blue 6207 Hot 6208 Kamal (foam) 6209 N/M tablets 6210 Nofian 6211 Period oil 6212 Sacharin 6213 Skill 6214 Moti 6215 Subitha 6216 Fingers 6217 Sutura 6218 Menstrogen (injection) 6219 Norvolain 6220 Flexi P 6221 Marutton 6900 Other unspecified/unknown pills 6901 Unspecified private brand 6902 Unspecified public brand 6903 Unspecified social marketing brand 9995 Other 9996 Not able to show 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLBRAND (V323) reports the brand name of the Pill that the respondent currently uses. IPUMS FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention 1 Using modern method 2 Using traditional method 3 Non-user intending to use 4 Does not intend to use 9 NIU (not in universe) 5 Never had sex FPUSINTENT (V364) is a constructed variable drawing on responses to multiple survey questions that divides women into the following categories: those who are currently using a contraceptive method (either modern or traditional); those who are not now using contraception but intend to do so in the future; those who are neither using contraception now nor intend to do so in the future; and (in a minority of samples) those who never had sex. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review FPMETHNOW and FPUSPLAN for additional information on the variables used to construct FPUSINTENT. IPUMS Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future 10 Will use in future 11 Use in next 12 months 12 Use later 20 Unsure about future use 21 Unsure about timing 22 Unsure about use 30 Does not intend to use 40 Never had sex 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPLAN (V362) is a constructed variable based on multiple survey questions that reports, for women not currently using contraception, whether the woman intends to use contraception in the future and, if so, when she intends to begin use (in the next 12 months or later). Women uncertain about future contraceptive use are subdivided into those who are unsure about using a method and those unsure about the timing of planned future use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) 7 50 - 54 years old 1 Less than 25 years old 2 25 - 29 years old 3 30 - 34 years old 4 35 - 39 years old 5 40 - 44 years old 6 45 - 49 years old 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILAGE (V320) reports their age at the time of their sterilization operation. IPUMS Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 or more 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILPAR (V322) reports the parity of the women at the time of their sterilization, top-coded at 5+ children. IPUMS Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Single, before marriage 1 0 - 4 years 2 5 - 9 years 3 10 - 14 years 4 15 - 19 years 5 20 - 24 years 6 25 - 29 years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERMARDUR (V321) reports, in 5-year groups, the women's marital duration at the time of their sterilization. IPUMS Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization 1 Less than 2 years 2 2 - 3 years 3 4 - 5 years 4 6 - 7 years 5 8 - 9 years 6 10 or more years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERYRAGO (V319) reports the number of years since their sterilization operation, using 2-year groups, top-coded at 10+ years. IPUMS Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months 8 Missing 1 Yes No 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPHOMVISITY (V393) indicates whether the woman was visited by a health worker who talked to her about family planning in the 12 months preceding the interview. IPUMS Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months 8 Missing 1 Yes No 9 NIU (not in universe) FPHCVISITY (V394) indicates whether the woman visited a health facility for any reason in the past 12 months. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had visited a health facility in the past year, FPHCTALKFP (V395) indicates whether any staff there talked to them about family planning. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, only once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) FPRADIOHR (V384A) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on the radio in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPRADIOOK (V366A) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on the radio to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTVHR (V384B) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on television in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPTVOK (V366B) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on television to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNEWSHR (V384C) indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages in a newspaper or magazine. IPUMS Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPPOSTHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages on a poster. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPMDRNHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages from a doctor or nurse. The related variable FPHEALTHWKHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages from a health worker or health professional. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPHEALTHWKHR indicates whether the woman has recently heard family planning messages from a health worker or health professional. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCOMMHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages at a community event or meeting. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPPLAYHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages in a live drama, play, or theater performance. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPSIGNHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages on a sign, billboard, mural, or similar medium. IPUMS Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTMAR (V3A08A) indicates whether they reported "not married" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTNOSEX (V3A08B) indicates whether they reported "not having sex" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTINSEX (V3A08C) indicates whether they reported "infrequent sex" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTMENO (V3A08D) indicates whether they reported "menopausal or hysterectomy" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTINF (V3A08E) indicates whether they reported "subfecund or infecund" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTAMEN (V3A08F) indicates whether they reported "postpartum amenorrheic" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTBSTFD (V3A08G) indicates whether they reported "breastfeeding" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTFATE (V3A08H) indicates whether they reported "fatalistic" or "up to God" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPR (V3A08I) indicates whether the respondent herself reported being opposed to use in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPH (V3A08J) indicates whether they reported "husband/partner opposed" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPO (V3A08K) indicates whether they reported "others opposed" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTRELIG (V3A08L) indicates whether they reported "religious prohibition" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTKNO (V3A08M) indicates whether they reported not knowing a method in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSRC (V3A08N) indicates whether they reported not knowing a source in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTHLTH (V3A08O) indicates whether they reported "health concerns" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSIDEF (V3A08P) indicates whether they reported "fear of side effects" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSDHLTH indicates whether they reported "fear of side effects" and/or "health concerns" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTFAR (V3A08Q) indicates whether they reported "lack of access or too far" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTCOST (V3A08R) indicates whether they reported "costs too much" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTCONV (V3A08S) indicates whether they reported "inconvenient to use" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTBODY (V3A08T) indicates whether they reported "interferes with body's normal processes" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOTH (V3A08X) indicates whether they reported some other reason in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know No 1 Yes, does not know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTDK (V3A08Z) indicates whether they reported "don't know" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) reports whether the Pill is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) reports whether the intrauterine device (IUD) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) reports whether injectable contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) reports whether diaphragm or spermicides, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCON (V304A_05) reports whether the male condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPCON (V304A_05) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPFST (V304A_06) reports whether female sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPFST (V304A_06) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPMST (V304A_07) reports whether male sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPMST (V304A_07) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) reports whether the rhythm method (periodic abstinence) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPWD (V304A_09) reports whether withdrawal is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPWD (V304A_09) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPIMP (V304A_11) reports whether the contraceptive implant (such as Norplant) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIMP (V304A_11) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPLAM (V304A_13) reports whether the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. How lactational amenorrhea was characterized varies across samples; see Comparability and Codes. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPLAM (V304A_13) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFC (V304A_14) reports whether the female condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPFC (V304A_14) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFJ (V304A_15) reports whether spermicide, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPFJ (V304A_15) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPEMERG reports whether emergency contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPEMERG and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPOM (V304A_10) reports whether any "other" method reported by the woman is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPOM (V304A_10) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBHOS (V3A00A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public hospital as a source for family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBHC (V3A00B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public health center as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBFW (V3A00E) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "public fieldworker" as a source of family planning. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPRIVFW ("fieldworker" under the private medical sector category). IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVHOS (V3A00J) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a private hospital or clinic as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "private health center" as a source of family planning. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBHC ("health center" under the "Public Sector" header). IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVDRUG (V3A00K) indicates whether they reported, in response to an open-ended question, a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBDRUG and FPNONOTHDRUG, which refer to public drug sources and informal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONBAR indicates whether they reported a bar, nightclub, or hotel as a source of family planning in response to an open-ended question. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONFRND indicates whether they reported, in response to an open-ended question, a friend or relative as a source of family planning. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONSHOP (V3A00S) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a shop as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONOTHER (V3A00X) indicates whether they reported some "other" source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and FPNONPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). This variable includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source No, knows at least one source 1 Yes, knows no source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONDK (V3A00Y) indicates whether they did not know of any source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source No, knows no source 1 Yes, knows at least one source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONANY (V3A00Z) indicates whether they knew any source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public regional hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ1 is combined with FPNONTZ2 (district hospital), and FPNONTZ3 (referral hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ1 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public district hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ2 is combined with FPNONTZ1 (regional hospital), and FPNONTZ3 (referral hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ2 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public referral hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ3 is combined with FPNONTZ1 (regional hospital), and FPNONTZ2 (district hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ3 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ10 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a pharmacy as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ10 is combined with FPNONTZ11 (private dispensary) in FPNONPRIVDRUG for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ10 are encouraged to review FPNONPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ11 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "private dispensary" as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ11 is combined with FPNONTZ10 (private pharmacy) in FPNONPRIVDRUG for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ11 are encouraged to review FPNONPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDSHEARD (V751) indicates whether the woman has heard of AIDS. IPUMS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDHEALTHY (V756) indicates whether the woman thinks it is possible for a healthy-looking person to have HIV/AIDS. IPUMS Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes, keep it a secret No AIDFAMSECRET (V777) indicates whether the woman would want an HIV/AIDS infection in her family to remain a secret. IPUMS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS No 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes AIDCAREREL (V778) indicates whether the woman would be willing to care for a relative with AIDS in her own household. IPUMS Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDLETTCHF (V779) indicates whether the woman thinks a female teacher with HIV/AIDS should be allowed to continue teaching. See Comparability. IPUMS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETVENDOR (V825) indicates whether the woman would buy vegetables from a vendor with HIV/AIDS. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDGETWITCH (V823) indicates whether the woman believes AIDS can be contracted through witchcraft or supernatural means. Not all surveys specifically use the term "witchcraft" in the question. See Comparability. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETBITE (V754JP) indicates whether, in response to a yes/no question, the respondent believes that AIDS can be transmitted through mosquito bites. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in AIDTHRUBITE, which indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the respondent stated that AIDS can be transmitted through mosquito bites. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDGETFOOD (V754WP) indicates whether the woman believes AIDS can be transmitted through sharing food (or dining utensils) with an infected person. IPUMS Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AID1PARLOWRYN (V754DP) indicates whether the woman believes having sex with only one partner who has no other sex partners reduces the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. For a similar variable asked as an open-ended question, see AID1PARLOWR (V754D). IPUMS Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDCONLOWRYN (V754CP) indicates whether the woman believes using a condom during sex reduces risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. For a similar variable asked as an open-ended question, see AIDCONLOWR (V754C). IPUMS Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDKNOPREGDRG (V824) indicates whether the woman knows of medicine that helps prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS from mother to child during pregnancy. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANDELIV (V774B) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during delivery as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no question format, some surveys used an open-ended question instead. See Comparability. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANFEED (V774C) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during breastfeeding as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no format, some surveys used an open-ended question instead. See Comparability. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANPREG (V774A) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during pregnancy as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no question format, some surveys used an open-ended question. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don’t know AIDTESTEV (V781) indicates whether the respondent has ever been tested for HIV/AIDS. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDANTALK (V838A) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given information during antenatal care about HIV transmission from mother to child. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDANTALKPREV (V838B) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given any information during antenatal care about things to do to prevent getting the AIDS virus. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTANTALK (V838C) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given information during antenatal care about getting tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTANOFFER (V839) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) were offered a test for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care. IPUMS Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don't know AIDTANCARE (V840) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care. IPUMS Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No AIDTANGOTRES (V841) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) and were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care received the results of that test. IPUMS Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 Military hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Community health center 1220 Urban health center 1230 Rural health center 1240 Integrated health center 1250 Ambulatory treatment center 1260 Category I health center 1270 Category II health center 1280 Primary health center 1300 Government STI or HIV/AIDS center 1310 Government VCT center 1311 Government stand-alone VCT center 1312 Government mobile VCT/survey team 1320 Government screening center 1330 National AIDS Control Program (NACP) 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government outreach 1510 Government mobile clinic 1520 Government health post 1530 Government health worker 1531 Field worker 1532 Community health worker 1533 Trained government health worker 1534 Health surveillance assistant 1535 Door-to-door 1600 Government maternity home 1610 Prevention of vertical transmission (PVT) 1620 Rural maternity home 1700 Government school-based facility 1710 School clinic 1720 School dispensary 1730 Youth center 1800 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Blood donation center 1902 Health home 1903 Health clinic/polyclinic 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic or doctor 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private doctor/clinic 2130 Private polyclinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2300 Private STI or HIV/AIDS center 2310 Private VCT center 2311 Private stand-alone VCT center 2312 Private mobile VCT/survey team 2313 New Start center 2320 HIV/AIDS treatment center 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2522 Private field worker 2600 Private outreach 2610 Private mobile clinic 2620 Private health worker 2621 Private community health worker 2700 Private maternity home 2800 Private school-based facility 2810 School clinic 2820 School dispensary 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Private laboratory 2902 Private blood transfusion services 2903 Private youth center 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 International Red Cross 3120 Marie Stopes International 3130 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 BLM 3302 MACRO 3303 TASO 3304 AIC 3305 AMASOT (Chad) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS 4100 Religious hospital 4110 Referral/specialty hospital 4120 District hospital 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious outreach 4410 Religious health post 4420 Religious mobile clinic 4430 Religious door-to-door 4900 Other religious 5000 OTHER 5001 Home 5002 Workplace 5003 Correctional facility 5004 Fieldworker 5005 Friend/relative 5006 Military base 5007 Community support group 5008 Bar 5009 Church 5010 Shop 5011 Community pharmacy/health center 9000 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who recently gave birth and were tested for the HIV/AIDS virus as part of their antenatal care, AIDTLASTANTE (V842) indicates where they took the test. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. IPUMS Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTSINCEAN (V843) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) and were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care had been tested again since then. IPUMS Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who had been tested for the AIDS virus, AIDLTGOTRES indicates whether they received the result of their last AIDS test. IPUMS Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken 4900 Other religious 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Ambulatory treatment center 1270 Category I health center 1280 Category II health center 1290 Primary health center 1300 Government STI or HIV/AIDS center 1310 Government VCT center 1311 Government stand-alone VCT center 1312 Government mobile VCT/survey team 1320 Government screening center 1330 STI clinic 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government outreach 1510 Government mobile clinic 1520 Government health post 1530 Government health worker 1531 Field worker 1532 Community health worker 1533 Trained government health worker 1534 Health surveillance assistant 1535 Door-to-door 1540 Government outreach clinic 1541 Primary health care outreach clinic 1600 Government maternity home 1700 Government school-based clinic/dispensary 1800 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Blood donation center 1902 Government laboratory 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic or doctor 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private doctor/clinic 2130 Private polyclinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2300 Private STI or HIV/AIDS center 2310 Private VCT center 2311 Private stand-alone VCT center 2312 Private mobile VCT/survey team 2313 New Start center 2320 HIV/AIDS treatment center 2330 STI clinic 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2600 Private outreach 2610 Private mobile clinic 2620 Private health worker 2621 Private community health worker 2522 Private field worker 2700 Private maternity home 2800 Private school-based clinic/dispensary 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Private laboratory 2902 Private blood transfusion services 2903 Private youth center 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 International Red Cross 3120 Marie Stopes International 3200 NGO health worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 BLM 3302 MACRO 3303 TASO 3304 AIC 3305 Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA) 3306 International Nepal Fellowship (INF) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS 4100 Religious hospital 4110 Referral/specialty hospital 4120 District hospital 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious outreach 4410 Religious health post 4420 Religious mobile clinic 4430 Religious door-to-door 5000 OTHER 5001 Home 5002 School 5003 Workplace 5004 Correctional facility 5005 Fieldworker 5006 Friend/relative 5007 Military base 5008 Community support group 9000 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1521 Sub-center or sub-post 1903 Government health home 2530 Private health post 2904 Private diagnostic clinic 3130 Population Services International (PSI) 5009 Church 5010 Shop 1170 Military hospital 1340 National AIDS Control Program (NACP) 1610 Rural maternity home 1904 Government health clinic 1905 Polyclinic 2410 Private health center 2420 Corporate health center 3307 AMASOT (Chad) 5011 Community pharmacy/health center 5012 Community VCT For women ever been tested for HIV/AIDS, ATLWHERE (V829) reports where the woman's last HIV/AIDS test was taken. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 3 2 years or more ago 2 12-23 months ago 1 Less than 12 months ago 7 Don't know For women who had been tested for the AIDS virus, AIDLTWHEN (V826) reports the time since their last AIDS test in grouped months or years. IPUMS Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No HPLCAIDSTEST (V783) indicates whether the woman knew a place to get tested for the AIDS virus, based on a yes/no question. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital No 1 Yes 6 Responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHOS (V784A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public hospital as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined in ATPUBHOS to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHC (V784B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health center as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined in ATPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBFW (V784F) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private field worker as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable such as ATPUBFW while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish ATPUBFW from ATPRIVFW (private fieldworker). IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public formal, drug source as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish ATPUBDRUG from ATPRIVDRUG, which indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary or pharmacy as a source for AIDS testing. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHP indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health post as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVHOS (V784K) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private hospital, clinic, or doctor as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVVCT (V784L) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable such as ATPRIVVCT while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVDRUG (V784M) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined in ATPRIVDRUG to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVHC indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the woman reported a private health center as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from ATPUBHC (public health center). IPUMS Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATNGO indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a non-governmental organization (NGO) as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined in ATNGO to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATOTHER (V784X) indicates whether the woman reported some other place to be tested for the AIDS virus. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific places for AIDS testing included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from ATPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and ATPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). ATOTHER includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public referral/specialist hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ1 is combined with ATTZ2 (public regional hospital), and ATTZ3 (public district hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ1 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ2 is combined with ATTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital), and ATTZ3 (public district hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. For the 1996 Tanzania sample, ATTZ2 is combined with ATTZ3 in ATPUBHOS. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ2 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ3 is combined with ATTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital), and ATTZ2 (public regional hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. For the 1996 Tanzanian sample, ATTZ3 is combined with ATTZ2 in ATPUBHOS. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ3 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ5 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ5 is combined with ATTZ6 (private dispensary) in ATPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ5 are encouraged to review ATPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ6 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ6 is combined with ATTZ5 (private pharmacy) in ATPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ6 are encouraged to review ATPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse 154 54 days 153 53 days 152 52 days 151 51 days 150 50 days 149 49 days 148 48 days 147 47 days 146 46 days 145 45 days 144 44 days 143 43 days 142 42 days 141 41 days 140 40 days 139 39 days 138 38 days 137 37 days 136 36 days 135 35 days 134 34 days 133 33 days 132 32 days 131 31 days 130 30 days 129 29 days 128 28 days 127 27 days 126 26 days 125 25 days 124 24 days 123 23 days 122 22 days 121 21 days 120 20 days 119 19 days 118 18 days 117 17 days 116 16 days 115 15 days 114 14 days 113 13 days 112 12 days 111 11 days 110 10 days 109 9 days 108 8 days 107 7 days 106 6 days 105 5 days 104 4 days 103 3 days 102 2 days 101 1 day 100 Less than 1 day ago 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 Days, number inconsistent 199 Days, number missing 200 WEEKS 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 298 Weeks, inconsistent 299 Weeks, number missing 300 MONTHS 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 Months, inconsistent 399 Months, number missing 400 YEARS 401 1 year 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 448 48 years 449 49 years 450 50+ years 499 Years, number missing 993 With former husband 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 446 46 years 447 47 years TIMESINCESEX (V527) reports how many days, weeks, months or years had passed since the woman had sexual intercourse with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31+ days 92 Not married/no regular partner 93 Within last 4 weeks 94 Before last birth 95 With former husband 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXD (V528) reports the number of days that have passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. Durations of more than 30 days are grouped into "31+." If the respondent reported having sexual intercourse in the last 4 weeks but replied that her last sexual intercourse was one month before the interview (in TIMESINCESEX (V527), this response is recoded to "30" in TIMESINCESEXD. In all other cases, a response of "One month" in TIMESINCESEX is coded as "31+." IPUMS Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) 000 Less than 1 month 993 No partner 994 With former husband 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXM (V529) reports the computed time (in months) since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. This variable's value is computed from the responses in TIMESINCESEX (V527), with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth recoded as "Before last birth." IPUMS Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) 00 No flag 01 Duration greater than time since last birth and did not report pp abstinence 02 Duration plus abstinence after last birth greater than time since last birth 03 Reported, but did not resume sex after last birth 04 Before last birth, but no births 05 Before last birth, but currently pregnant 06 Before last birth, but resumed sex after last birth 07 Reported but before last pregnancy 08 Reported but inconsistent with times had sex in past 4 weeks 09 Reported but before last birth 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXFLAG (V530) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the time that has passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse (in TIMESINCESEXM (V529)). Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Duration reported is greater than the interval since the last birth, and the respondent did not say in the maternity section (PPABSTAINNOW (V406)) that she is still abstaining from sexual relations since her last birth 2 = Duration reported plus the duration of abstinence after the last birth (PPABMO_01 (M8_1)) is greater than the interval since the last birth 3 = Duration reported, but the respondent has not resumed sexual intercourse since the last birth 4 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she has never given birth 5 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she was currently pregnant (PREGNANT (V213). 6 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she reported in the maternity section that she had resumed sexual intercourse after her last birth 7 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this would place her last intercourse before her last pregnancy 8 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this response was inconsistent with her response concerning the number of times she had sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks preceding the survey (SX4WKX (V526)) 9 = Duration reported, but would place her last sexual intercourse before her last birth IPUMS Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner 100 Less than 1 day ago 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 190 190 199 Days: number missing 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 299 Weeks: number missing 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 399 Months: number missing 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 499 Years: Number missing 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the last 12 months, SXTIMETOPAR2 (V832B) indicates how many days, weeks, or months had passed since she had intercourse with her second most recent sex partner. For data on the most recent partner, see TIMESINCESEX (V527). IPUMS Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner 100 Less than 1 day ago 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 190 190 199 Days: number missing 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 299 Weeks: number missing 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 399 Months: number missing 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 499 Years: Number missing 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't Know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse with more than two partners in the last 12 months, SXTIMETOPAR3 (V832C) indicates how many days, weeks, or months had passed since she had intercourse with her third most recent sex partner. IPUMS Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ SXPARYRNO (V766B) reports the number of sex partners the woman had in the past 12 months, including her spouse. IPUMS Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPARYRNO2 (V766A) reports the number of sex partners the woman had in the past 12 months, excluding her spouse. IPUMS Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Never had intercourse 1 Sexually active in last 4 weeks 2 Not active in last 4 weeks (postpartum abs.) 3 Not active in last 4 weeks (not postpartum abs.) 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SEXACTIV4WK (V536) reports the respondent's recent sexual activity (never had intercourse, sexually active in the last 4 weeks, not active in the last 4 weeks because of postpartum abstinence, or not active in the last 4 weeks because of something other than postpartum abstinence). IPUMS Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) 00 Less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 95 Before last birth 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) DURABST (V537) reports the duration of the respondent's abstinence (in months). This time interval includes postpartum and non-postpartum abstinence. IPUMS Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/Not sure/Depends 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SXCANREFUSE (V850A) indicates whether the woman can refuse to have sex with her husband or partner. IPUMS Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR1NO (V853A) reports how many times the woman had sex with her most recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR2NO (V853B) reports the number of times women had sex with their second-most-recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR3NO (V853C) reports the number of times women had sex with their third-most-recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse 62 Formerly married/no partner 32 Someone just met SXPAR1REL (V767A) reports the woman's relationship to her most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse SXPAR2REL (V767B) reports the woman's relationship to her second most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse SXPAR3REL (V767C) reports the woman's relationship to her third most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 450 450 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 996 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR1TIMKNO (V768A) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her most recent sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 997 Don't know For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR2TIMKNO (V768B) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her second most recent sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 450 450 451 451 452 452 453 453 454 454 455 455 456 456 457 457 458 458 459 459 460 460 461 461 462 462 463 463 464 464 465 465 466 466 467 467 468 468 469 469 470 470 471 471 472 472 473 473 474 474 475 475 476 476 477 477 478 478 479 479 480 480 481 481 482 482 483 483 484 484 485 485 486 486 487 487 488 488 489 489 490 490 491 491 492 492 493 493 494 494 495 495 496 496 497 497 498 498 499 499 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 997 Don't know For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR3TIMKNO (V768C) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her third most recent sex partner. IPUMS Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse 00 Not had intercourse 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 94 Refused to respond 95 At first union 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEX (V525) indicates the woman's self-reported age for the first time she had sexual intercourse. IPUMS Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) 00 Not had sex 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 95 Refused to respond 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEXIMP (V531) reports the respondent's age at first sexual intercourse. This variable is the same as AGE1STSEX (V525), except for women who reported their first sexual intercourse was at the time of their union. For these women, the age at first sex is taken from the age at first union. In cases where the age at first sex was inconsistent with the age at conception of the first child, but only by one year, the age at first sex was reduced by one year. IPUMS Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse No flag 1 After interview 2 After conception by 1 year or more 3 After conception by less than 1 year 4 At marriage, but never married 5 At marriage, but after conception 6 After marriage AGE1STSEXFLAG (V532) is a flag variable reporting the type of inconsistency found when editing responses about when the respondent first had sexual intercourse. Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Respondent reported age at first sexual intercourse that exceeds her current age (AGE (V012)) 2 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring more than one year after the conception of her first child 3 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring up to one year after the conception of her first child 4 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but the respondent was never married (EVERMARRIED (V535)) 5 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but her first marriage occurred after the conception of her first child 6 = Respondent reported her first sexual intercourse as being some time after her first marriage IPUMS Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 00 SXPARLIFENO (V836) reports the woman's lifetime total number of sex partners. IPUMS When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) NOSEXSTD (V633A) indicates whether the woman believes a wife is justified in refusing to have sex with her husband if she knows he has a sexually transmittable infection. IPUMS Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONASKIFSTI (V822) indicates whether the woman believes a wife is justified in asking her husband to use a condom if he has an infection or disease that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. IPUMS Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/not sure/depends 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONASKPAR (V850B) indicates whether the woman can ask her husband or cohabiting partner to use a condom. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR1 (V833A) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR2 (V833B) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her second most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR3 (V833C) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her third most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN1 (V761) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN2 (V761B) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her second most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN3 (V761C) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her third most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONFCAN (V769A) indicates whether the woman can get a female condom for herself. IPUMS Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONMCAN (V769) indicates whether the woman can get a male condom for herself. IPUMS Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom No, respondent knows a source 1 Yes, do not know a source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMDK (V762AZ) indicates whether the woman did not know a source to obtain male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBHOS (V762AA) indicates whether the woman reported a "government hospital" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPUBHOS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBHC (V762AB) indicates whether the woman reported a public health center or health post as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCMPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. Due to variability in response category wording, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBFW (V762AE) indicates whether the woman reported a public fieldworker as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public field workers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPUBFW. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBDRUG indicates whether the woman reported a public dispensary or pharmacy as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVHOS (V762AJ) indicates whether the woman reported a "private hospital/clinic" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private hospitals/clinics that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVHOS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVDRUG (V762AK) indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVDRUG. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVMIS indicates whether the woman reported a faith-based health facility as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVMIS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMNGO indicates whether the woman reported an "NGO," or non-governmental organization, as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. HCMNGO is concerned with whether the woman reported any NGO as a source for male condoms. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMSHOP (V762AS) indicates whether the woman reported a "shop" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMSHOP. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMFRND (V762AU) indicates whether the woman reported "friends, acquaintances or relatives" as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) 9 NIU (not in universe) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMBAR indicates whether the woman reported a bar as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMOTHER (V762AX) indicates whether the woman reported some other (non-public or not private medical sector) facility as a source for male condoms. The meaning of "other" depends on the sources for male condoms specified in a given sample. See HCMPUBOTH (other public medical sector) and HCMPRIVOTH (other private medical sector) for similar variables. IPUMS Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom No, knows a source 1 Yes, don't know source for female condoms 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFDK (V762BZ) indicates whether the woman did not know a source to obtain female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBHOS (V762BA) indicates whether the woman reported a public hospital as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPUBHOS. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBHC (V762BB) indicates whether the woman reported a public health center or post as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCFPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See the Comparability section and Survey Text tab for more details. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFPUBFW (V762BE) indicates whether the woman reported a "public field worker" or "community-based distributor" as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCFPUBFW, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBDRUG (V762BG) indicates whether the woman reported a public dispensary as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVHOS (V762BJ) indicates whether the woman reported a private hospital or clinic as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVDRUG (V762BK) indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPRIVDRUG. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVMIS indicates whether the woman reported a mission or religious health facility as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPRIVMIS. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFNGO indicates whether the woman reported an "NGO," or non-governmental organization, as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. HCFNGO is concerned with whether the woman reported any NGO as a source for female condoms. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included for countries of interest. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFSHOP (V762BS) indicates whether the woman reported a "shop" as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFSHOP. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFFRND (V762BU) indicates whether the woman reported "friends or relatives" as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFBAR indicates whether the woman reported a bar as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFOTHER (V762BX) indicates whether the woman reported some other (non-public or not private medical sector) place as a source for female condoms. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific sources for female condoms identified in a given sample. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ1 indicates whether the woman reported a religious referral hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ1 is combined with HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), HCMTZ3 (religious health center), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ1 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ2 indicates whether the woman reported a religious district hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ2 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ3 (religious health center), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ2 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ3 indicates whether the woman reported a religious health center as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ3 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ3 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ4 indicates whether the woman reported a religious dispensary as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ4 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCMTZ3 (religious health center) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ4 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ5 indicates whether the woman reported a public referral hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ5 is combined with HCMTZ6 (public regional hospital) and HCMTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ5 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMTZ6 indicates whether the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ6 is combined with HCMTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCMTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCMTZ6 is combined with HCMTZ7 in HCMPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ6 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMTZ7 indicates whether the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ7 is combined with HCMTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCMTZ6 (public regional hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCMTZ7 is combined with HCMTZ6 in HCMPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ7 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ8 indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ8 is combined with HCMTZ9 (private dispensary) in HCMPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ8 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ9 indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ9 is combined with HCMTZ8 (private pharmacy) in HCMPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ9 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ1 indicates whether the woman reported a religious referral hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ1 is combined with HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), HCFTZ3 (religious health center), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ1 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ2 indicates whether the woman reported a religious district hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ2 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ3 (religious health center), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ2 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ3 indicates whether the woman reported a religious health center as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ3 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ3 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ4 indicates whether the woman reported a religious dispensary as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ4 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCFTZ3 (religious health center) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ4 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ5 indicates whether the woman reported a public referral hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ5 is combined with HCFTZ6 (public regional hospital) and HCFTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ5 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ6 indicates whether the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ6 is combined with HCFTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCFTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCFTZ6 is combined with HCFTZ7 in HCFPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ6 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ7 indicates whether the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ7 is combined with HCFTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCFTZ6 (public regional hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCFTZ7 is combined with HCFTZ6 in HCFPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ7 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ8 indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ8 is combined with HCFTZ9 (private dispensary) in HCFPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ8 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ9 indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ9 is combined with HCFTZ8 (private pharmacy) in HCFPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ9 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIHEARD (V750) indicates whether the woman had heard of AIDS or any other sexually transmitted infection (STI). For a variable that indicates whether the respondent had heard of STIs other than AIDS, see STIHEARDOTH (V785). For a variable that indicates whether the respondent had heard of AIDS specifically, see AIDSHEARD (V751). IPUMS Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No STIHEARDOTH (V785) indicates whether the woman has heard of any sexually transmitted infection other than AIDS. For a variable that records whether the respondent has heard of AIDS or any other STIs, see STIHEARD (V750). IPUMS Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIANYR (V763A) indicates whether the woman had any sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months. How this information was collected changed over time. See Comparability. IPUMS Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIDISCHGYR (V763C) indicates whether the woman had any bad smelling abnormal genital discharge in the last 12 months. IPUMS Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STISOREYR (V763B) indicates whether the woman had a sore or genital ulcer in the last 12 months. IPUMS Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who had a sexually-transmitted infection (STI), abnormal genital discharge, or genital sore/ulcer in the past 12 months, STIADVICE (V770) indicates whether they sought advice or treatment for this problem. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHOS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they repeated seeking advice or treatment from a public hospital for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPUBHOS. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public hospital for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPUBHC. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBFW indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public fieldworker for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPRIVFW (private fieldworker). IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public dispensary or pharmacy for this problem. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADOTHDRUG and STIADPRIVDRUG, which refer to other, informal drug sources and private, formal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHP indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public health post for this problem. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADHPDISP, a standard variable indicating whether the woman sought advice from a health post or a dispensary. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVHOS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private hospital, clinic, or doctor for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVVCT indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from private voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center for this problem. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPUBVCT (public VCT center). IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPRIVDRUG. Users should be careful to distinguish STIADPRIVDRUG from STIADOTHDRUG and STIADPUBDRUG, which refer to other, informal drug sources and public, formal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVMIS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a faith-based health facility for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPRIVMIS. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private health center for this problem. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADNGO indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a non-governmental organization (NGO) for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADOTHER indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from some "other" source for this problem. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and STIADPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). STIADOTHER includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public referral/specialist hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ1 is combined with STIADTZ2 (public regional hospital) and STIADTZ3 (public district hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ1 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public regional hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ2 is combined with STIADTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital) and STIADTZ3 (public district hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ2 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public district hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ3 is combined with STIADTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital) and STIADTZ2 (public regional hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ3 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ4 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious referral/specialist hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ4 is combined with STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), STIADTZ6 (religious health center), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ4 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ5 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious district hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ5 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ6 (religious health center), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ5 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ6 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious health center for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ6 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ6 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ7 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious dispensary for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ7 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), and STIADTZ6 (religious health center) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ7 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ8 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private pharmacy for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ8 is combined with STIADTZ9 (private dispensary) in STIADPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ8 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ9 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private dispensary for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ9 is combined with STIADTZ8 (private pharmacy) in STIADPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ9 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVAARGUE (V744C) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she argues with him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVABURNFOOD (V744E) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she burns the food. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DVAGOOUT (V744A) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she goes out without telling him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVAIFNOSEX (V744D) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she refuses to have sex with him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVANEGKID (V744B) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she neglects the children. IPUMS Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESHUSB (V812) indicates whether the woman's husband or partner was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESOMALE (V813) indicates whether a male who is not the woman's husband or partner was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DVAPRESOFEM (V814) indicates whether another female was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESKIDS (V811) indicates whether any children under the age of ten were present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, accuses her of unfaithfulness 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCCHEAT (D101B) indicates whether their husband frequently accused them of being unfaithful. IPUMS Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, limits contact with her family 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCFAMILY (D101D) indicates whether their husband tried to limit their contact with family. IPUMS Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, jealous if she talks to men 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCJEALOUS (D101A) indicates whether their husband was jealous or angry when they talked to other men. IPUMS Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, insists on knowing where she is 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCLOCATION (D101E) indicates whether their husband insisted on knowing where they were at all times. IPUMS Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, doesn't let her meet girlfriends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCMEETFRND (D101C) indicates whether their husband did not allow them to meet their female friends. IPUMS Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, husband doesn't trust her with money 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCMONEY (D101F) indicates whether their husband didn't trust them with money. IPUMS Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCTOTAL (D102) reports the total number of control issues exhibited by their husband. Control issues include jealousy, limitations on contact with family and friends, accusations of cheating, insistence upon always knowing a woman's location, and, often, distrust with money. IPUMS Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEEVER (D104) indicates whether they ever experienced any emotional violence from their husband/partner. Emotional violence includes humiliation, insults, and threats of harm. IPUMS Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEHUMIL (D103A) indicates whether their husband/partner had ever said or done something to humiliate them in front of others. IPUMS Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation 00 Not humiliated 10 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 20 Yes, ever humiliated, know frequency 21 Often during last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 23 Yes, but not at all in the last 12 months 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEHUMILFQ reports how often their husband/partner said or did something to humiliate them in front of others in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEINSULT (D103C) indicates whether their husband/partner ever insulted them or made them feel bad about themselves. IPUMS Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 23 Not at all in last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 21 Often during last 12 months 20 Yes, ever insulted 10 Yes, but timing and frequency unknown 00 Not insulted/made feel bad For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEINSULTFQ reports how often the female respondent's husband/partner had insulted her or made her feel bad about herself in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVETHREAT (D103B) indicates whether their husband/partner ever threatened to hurt them or harm someone close to them. IPUMS Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 23 Yes, but not at all in last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 21 Often during last 12 months 20 Yes, ever threatened 10 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 00 Not threatened For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married, DVETHREATFQ reports how often the respondent's husband/partner had threatened to hurt or harm her or someone close to her in the past 12 months. IPUMS Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother No, father did not hit mother 1 Yes, father hit mother 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVPAHITMA (D121) indicates whether the woman's father ever beat her mother. IPUMS Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUSH (D105A) indicates whether her husband/partner ever pushed her, shook her, or threw something at her. IPUMS Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever pushed or shaken 00 Not pushed or shaken For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUSHFQ reports how often the woman had been pushed, shaken, or had something thrown at her by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSLAP (D105B) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever slapped her. IPUMS Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever slapped 00 Not ever slapped For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSLAPFQ reports how often the woman was slapped by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPTWIST (D105J) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair. IPUMS Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever arm twisted or hair pulled 00 Never had arm twisted or hair pulled For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPTWISTFQ reports how often the woman's arm was twisted or her hair was pulled by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUNCH (D105C) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever punched her with a fist or with something that could hurt her. IPUMS Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever punched, know frequency 00 Not punched For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUNCHFQ reports how often the woman was punched by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and ever married or lived with a man, DVPCHOKE (D105E) indicates whether the husband/partner ever tried to strangle or burn her on purpose. IPUMS Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn 00 Not attempted 10 Yes, husband ever tried to strangle or burn 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPCHOKEFQ reports how often the woman's husband/partner attempted to strangle or burn her in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKICK (D105D) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner had ever kicked her, dragged her, or beaten her up. IPUMS Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged 00 Not kicked or dragged 10 Yes, ever kicked or dragged 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKICKFQ reports how often the woman was kicked or dragged by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKNFTHUSE (D105F) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever threatened or attacked her with a knife, gun, or other weapon. IPUMS First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50+ 95 Before union 96 After separation/divorce 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVP1STTIME (D109) reports how long after marriage/cohabitation the abuse first happened. IPUMS Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPMSEVER (D107) indicates whether the woman ever experienced "more severe" violence from her husband/partner. The specific acts that are considered "more severe" vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. The complementary variable DVPLSEVER indicates a woman's experience with "less severe" violence from a husband or partner. IPUMS Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPLSEVER (D106) indicates whether the woman ever experienced "less severe" violence from her husband/partner. The specific acts that are considered "less severe" vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. The complementary variable DVPMSEVER indicates the woman's experience with "more severe" violence from a husband or partner. IPUMS Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRBRUISE (D110A) indicates whether the woman ever had bruises or aches because of her husband/partner's actions. IPUMS Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRINJURY (D110B) indicates whether, because of her husband's/partner's actions, the woman ever suffered some "other" injury not covered by the complementary variable DVRSERINJURY (D110D). The particular injuries covered by DVRINJURY vary across samples. Please consult the "Comparability" tab for more information. IPUMS Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRSERINJURY (D110D) indicates whether the woman ever suffered serious injury--such as deep wounds, broken bones, or broken teeth--because of her husband/partner's actions. IPUMS Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRANY (D111) indicates whether the woman ever had any physical results of her husband/partner's actions. The specific results vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. IPUMS Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEX (D105H) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever physically forced her to have sexual intercourse even when she did not want to. IPUMS Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex 00 Not physically forced sexually 10 Yes, ever forced sexually 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXFQ reports how often the woman was forced to have sexual intercourse by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXOTH (D105I) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever forced her to perform any sexual acts she did not want to. IPUMS Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act 00 Not physically forced other sex act 10 Yes, ever forced other sex act 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXOTHFQ reports how often the woman was forced to perform sex acts by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXEVER (D108) indicates whether the woman ever experienced any sexual violence from her husband/partner. IPUMS Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVDRINKS (D113) indicates whether their husband/partner drank alcohol. IPUMS Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had a husband/partner who drank alcohol, DVDRINKSFQ (D114) reports how often their husband/partner got drunk. IPUMS Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVHITHUSB (D112) indicates whether they ever physically hurt their husband/partner. IPUMS How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband Not at all 1 Sometimes 2 Often 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 3 Yes, but frequency and timing unknown For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and ever physically hurt their husband/partner, DVHITHUSBFQ (D112A) reports how often she physically hurt him in the past 12 months. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVINTERRHUS (D122A) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of the female respondent's husband/partner. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVINTERRMALE (D122B) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of an adult male other than the woman's own husband/partner. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DVINTERRFEM (D122C) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of another adult female. IPUMS First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted 1 Wanted 2 Forced 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DV1SEXFORCED (D123) indicates whether the respondent's first sexual intercourse was wanted or forced. IPUMS Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity 10 Husband/partner/boyfriend 11 Current husband/partner 12 Former husband/partner 13 Current/former boyfriend 20 Parent 21 Father 22 Father or step-father 23 Step-father 24 Father-in-law 30 Relative other than parent 31 Brother 32 Brother/step brother 33 Step-brother 34 In-law, unspecified 35 Grandfather 36 Other relative, unspecified 40 Friend 41 Own friend/acquaintance 42 Family friend 50 Other role 51 Teacher 52 Employer/someone at work 53 Neighbor 54 Police/soldier 55 Priest/religious leader 56 Stranger 57 Landlord 90 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been forced sexually, DV1SEXACTWHO (D127) reports who forced them to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts the first time. IPUMS Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 97 Don’t know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been forced sexually, DV1SEXACTAGE (D126) reports the respondent's age at the time they were first forced to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts. IPUMS Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months No 1 Yes 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVSEXFORCYR (D124) indicates whether anyone other than her husband or partner had forced the woman to have sexual intercourse in the past 12 months. IPUMS Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts No 1 Yes 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVSEXACTSEV (D125) indicates whether anyone had ever forced the woman in any way to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person No, not hurt during pregnancy 1 Yes, physically hurt by anyone during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGANY (D118Y) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by anyone during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband No 1 Yes, physically hurt by husband during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGHUSB (D118A) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current husband or partner during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former partner during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGEXPART (D118J) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former husband/partner during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by current boyfriend during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBFNOW (D118K) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current boyfriend during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former boyfriend during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBFEX (D118L) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former boyfriend during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother or step-mother during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGMABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother or step-mother during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother-in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGMALAW (D118O) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother-in-law during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father or step-father during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father or step-father during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father-in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPALAW (D118P) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father-in-law during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister No 1 Yes, physically hurt by sister or brother during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGSIBL (D118F) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their sister or brother during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son No 1 Yes, physically hurt by daughter or son during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGCHILD (D118D) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their daughter or son during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other relative during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTHFAM (D118G) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other relative during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" relative depends on the types of relatives specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTHLAW (D118Q) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other in-law during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in-law depends on the categories of in-laws specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer No 1 Yes, physically hurt by employer during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBOSS (D118W) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their employer during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police No 1 Yes, physically hurt by police during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPOL (D118XE) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a police officer or soldier during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher No 1 Yes, physically hurt by teacher during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGTCH (D118V) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a teacher (gender unspecified) during a pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other person during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTH (D118X) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other person during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Refused / no response 1 Yes, physically hurt by someone else No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOANY (D115Y) indicates whether anyone other than the woman's husband/partner had slapped, hit, kicked, or otherwise physically hurt her since age 15. IPUMS Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months 00 Not at all 10 Does occur 11 Seldom/once 12 Sometimes 13 Often 96 Widowed/separated/divorced, no info 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were physically attacked by someone other than their husband/partner since age 15, DVOFQ (D117A) reports the frequency of such attacks in the past 12 months. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former partner 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOEXPART (D115J) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former, but not most recent, husband/partner since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by current boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBFNOW (D115K) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current boyfriend since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBFPAST (D115L) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former boyfriend since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother or step-mother 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOMABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother or stepmother since age 15. Some samples separate "mother" and "step-mother" responses in this series. For a variable that includes only "mother" responses for this series, see DVOMA (D115B). For a variable that only includes "step-mother" responses for this series, see DVOMASTEP (D115M). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother-in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOMALAW (D115B) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother-in-law since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father or step-father 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father or stepfather since age 15. Some samples separate "father" and "step-father" responses in this series. For a variable that includes only "father" responses for this series, see DVOPA (D115C). For a variable that only includes "step-father" responses for this series, see DVOPASTEP (D115N). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father-in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPALAW (D115P) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father-in-law since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister No 1 Yes, physically hurt by sister or brother 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOSIBL (D115F) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their brother or sister since age 15. For samples with this series that separate brother and sister responses, see variables DVOBRO and DVOSIS. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son No 1 Yes, physically hurt by daughter or son 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOCHILD (D115D) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their daughter or son since age 15. For samples with this series that separate whether the respondent was hurt by their daughter or son, see variables DVODAU and DVOSON (D115E). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other relative 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTHFAM (D115G) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other relative since age 15. The meaning of "other" relative depends on the categories of relatives specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTHLAW (D115Q) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other in-law since age 15. The meaning of "other" in-law depends on the types of in-laws specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work No 1 Yes, physically hurt by employer or someone at work 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBOSS (D115W) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their employer or someone at work since age 15. The related variables DVOBOSSM and DVOBOSSF address physical abuse from a male and female employer, respectively. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPOL (D115XE) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a police officer or soldier since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTCH (D115V) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a teacher (gender unspecified) since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOOTH (D115X) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other person since age 15. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one No, did not seek help from anyone 1 Yes, sought help from someone 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHANY (D119Y) indicates whether they sought help from anyone to stop such abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner No 1 Yes, sought help from current/former husband/partner 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHHUSPART (D119J) indicates whether they sought help from their current/last/late husband or partner to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend No 1 Yes, sought help from current/former boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHBF (D119K) indicates whether they sought help from their boyfriend to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family No 1 Yes, sought help from own family 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFAMOWN (D119H) indicates whether they sought help from their own family to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family No 1 Yes, sought help from partner's family 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFAMPART (D119I) indicates whether they sought help from their husband's or partner's family to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend No 1 Yes, sought help from friend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFRND (D119XD) indicates whether they sought help from a friend (gender not specified) to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor No 1 Yes, sought help from neighbor 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHNHBR indicates whether they sought help from a neighbor to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor No 1 Yes, sought help from doctor 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHDOCTOR (D119XH) indicates whether they sought help from a doctor or other medical personnel to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer No 1 Yes, sought help from lawyer 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHLAWYER (D119XG) indicates whether they sought help from a lawyer to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police No 1 Yes, sought help from police 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHPOL (D119XE) indicates whether they sought help from the police to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader No 1 Yes, sought help from religious leader 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHCLERGY (D119XF) indicates whether they sought help from a religious leader to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes, sought help from social service organization No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHSSO (D119XB) indicates whether they sought help from a social service organization to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person No 1 Yes, sought help from other person 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHOTHER (D119X) indicates whether they sought help from some other person to stop that abuse. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories identified for help-seeking in a given sample. IPUMS Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence without seeking help, DVTOLD (D128) indicates whether the woman ever told anyone other than the interviewer about that violence. IPUMS Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, treated bednet 12 Yes, untreated bednet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETSLEPT (V461) indicates whether the respondent slept under a mosquito bed net the previous night. IPUMS Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don't know FSHEARD indicates whether the woman had heard of fistula. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FSEVHAD indicates whether the woman ever had fistula. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, after miscarriage 12 Yes, after delivery 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who experienced fistula, FSAFTDELIVER indicates whether the condition occurred after delivery or a stillbirth. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women with fistula that did not occur after delivery, FSAFTASSAULT indicates whether the condition occurred after sexual assault. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who experienced fistula for reasons other than delivery and sexual assault, FSAFTPELVIC indicates whether the condition occurred after pelvic surgery. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women with fistula, FSAFTOTH indicates whether the condition occurred after an event other than delivery, sexual assault, or pelvic surgery. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred 00 Same day 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDAYSAFTER reports how many days after the causal event (such as delivery) that urinary leakage from fistula occurred. IPUMS Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred 10 During normal labor/delivery 20 During difficult delivery 21 During difficult delivery, live birth 22 During difficult delivery, stillborn 30 During pelvic surgery 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVERTYP reports the characteristics (normal versus difficult delivery, live birth versus stillbirth outcome) of the delivery causing the female respondent's obstetric fistula. Question wording and response categories vary across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula 00 No, stillbirth 10 Yes, born alive 11 Yes, died in first 7 days 12 Yes, died after 7 days 13 Yes, still alive 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVALIVE indicates whether the delivery causing the female respondent's fistula resulted in a live birth. Similar information is included for some samples in FSDELIVERTYP. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVWHICH reports the number of the delivery (parity) in which the woman's obstetric fistula occurred. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FSSEEKTREAT indicates whether the woman sought treatment for fistula. Question wording varied across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment 10 Heath professional 11 Doctor/ clinical officer 12 Nurse/ midwife 13 Patient attendant 14 Nurse 15 Midwife 16 Auxiliary midwife 17 Health fieldworker 20 Other person 21 Traditional healer/untrained village doctor 22 Traditional birth attendent 23 Community health worker 30 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSTREATWHO reports the type of person (health care practitioner or other) whom the woman last saw for fistula treatment. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, no leakage at all 12 Yes, but still some leakage 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSTREATSUC indicates whether the fistula treatment for the woman was successful in curing the condition. Codes and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought 01 Did not know problem could be fixed 02 Do not know where to go 03 Too expensive 04 Too far to reach treatment facility 05 Poor quality of care at facility 06 Could not get permission to go 07 Embarrassment 08 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have experienced fistula that was not treated, FSNOTREATWHY reports the main reason that treatment was not sought. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision 98 Missing 10 Yes 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted FCKNOW (G100) indicates whether the woman had ever heard about female circumcision. Question wording and coding varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCKNOWPROBE (G101) indicates whether the woman acknowledged having heard about female circumcision, after being provided with a description of the practice. Women who did not answer "Yes" to FCKNOW (G100) were generally asked to provide a response to FCKNOWPROBE (G101). Some samples consolidate the simple question and the descriptive probing question on the woman's awareness of female circumcision into one variable (See FCKNOW). FCKNOWPROBE (G101) was designed for samples that instead separate the two questions into distinct variables, with FCKNOW (G100) relating to the non-probing question and FCKNOWPROBE (G101) pertaining to the probing descriptive question. IPUMS Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FCCIRC (G102) indicates whether the woman had been circumcised. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 00 0 or during infancy 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 93 Age 10+ 92 Age 5-9 91 Before age 5 90 Grouped numeric responses 96 Inconsistent For women who are circumcised, FCAGE (G106) reports their age at circumcision. IPUMS Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCFLESH (G103) indicates whether flesh was removed from the genital area during the procedure. IPUMS Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCNICK (G104) indicates whether their genital area was nicked without removing flesh during the procedure. IPUMS Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCINFIB (G105) indicates whether their genital area was sewn closed during the procedure. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision 999 NIU (not in universe) 998 Missing 997 Don't know 210 Traditional circumciser 200 TRADITIONAL 100 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 130 Birth attendant 110 Doctor/physician 111 Male doctor 112 Female doctor 120 Trained nurse/midwife 121 Nurse 122 Midwife 190 Other health professional 211 Traditional male circumciser 212 Traditional female circumciser 213 Excisioner 220 Traditional birth attendant 230 Matronne/older woman 240 Traditional healer 241 Barber 242 Ghagaria (gypsy) 290 Other traditional 995 OTHER For women who are circumcised, FCPERF (G107) reports who performed the procedure. Responses vary considerably across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped 1 Continue 2 Stop/Discontinue 3 Depends/Doctor recommends 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCCONTINU (G119) indicates whether the woman thinks female circumcision should continue or stop. IPUMS Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future No 1 Yes 2 All daughters circumcised 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCINTENDDAU (G116) indicates whether the woman intends to circumcise her daughter(s) in the future. The daughter(s) in question vary across samples, due to question wording and universe differences; see Comparability. IPUMS Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised 00 No daughters circumcised 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCTOTALDAU (G108) reports the total number of the woman's living daughters who were circumcised at the time of the interview. IPUMS Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter 96 Inconsistent 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCDLINENUM (G109) reports the line number in the household listing of the daughter who was the subject of questions about a single daughter's circumcision experience--most commonly, the most recently circumcised daughter. IPUMS Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCFLESHDAU (G110) indicates whether the woman's daughter had flesh removed from her genital area for her female circumcision. The related variable FCFLESH indicates whether the woman respondent had flesh removed from her genital area for her own female circumcision. IPUMS For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCNICKDAU (G111) indicates whether the woman's daughter had her genital area nicked without removing any flesh for her female circumcision. The related variable FCNICK indicates whether the woman respondent's own vaginal area was nicked without removing any flesh for her female circumcision. IPUMS Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCSEWNDAU (G112) indicates whether the woman's daughter had her genital area sewn closed for her female circumcision. The related variable FCINFIB (G105) indicates whether the woman respondent's own vaginal area was sewn closed for her female circumcision. IPUMS Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision 93 Age 10+ 92 Age 5-9 91 Before age 5 90 Grouped numeric responses 00 0 or during infancy 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCAGEDAU (G113) reports the age of the woman's eldest daughter when she was circumcised. The related variable FCAGE reports the age when the woman respondent was circumcised. IPUMS Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter 130 Birth attendant 995 OTHER 290 Other traditional 242 Ghagaria (gypsy) 241 Barber 240 Traditional healer 230 Matronne/older woman 220 Traditional birth attendant 213 Excisioner 212 Traditional female circumciser 190 Other health professional 122 Midwife 121 Nurse 120 Trained nurse/midwife 112 Female doctor 111 Male doctor 110 Doctor/physician 100 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 200 TRADITIONAL 210 Traditional circumciser 211 Traditional male circumciser 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FCPERFDAU (G114) reports who performed the daughter's circumcision. The related variable FCPERF reports who performed the woman respondent's own circumcision. IPUMS Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing No, smokes 1 Yes, does not smoke or use tobacco 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing TONOSMOKE (V463Z) indicates whether the woman does not smoke cigarettes or use any other form of tobacco. IPUMS Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOSMOKE (V463A) indicates whether the woman smokes cigarettes. IPUMS Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours 64 64 80 80+ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 63 63 62 62 61 61 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 For women who smoke, TOCIGDAYNO (V464) reports the number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24 hours. IPUMS Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOPIPE (V463B) indicates whether the woman smokes a pipe. IPUMS Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOCHEW (V463C) indicates whether the woman uses chewing tobacco. IPUMS Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOSNUFF (V463E) indicates whether the woman uses snuff, either by mouth or by nose. IPUMS Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOUSEOTH (V463X) indicates whether the woman uses some other form of tobacco, with the meaning of "other" dependent on the types of tobacco specified in each sample. IPUMS Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, DELCESRLAST (V401) indicates whether the last-born child was delivered by caesarean section. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes allchildren of the mother to be coded the same way. Question wording varies slightly across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMENNOW (V405) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum amenorrheic. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if menstruation resumed after birth. Women who are currently pregnant (irrespective of whether the woman's period returned after her last birth) and women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently amenorrheic, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining No 1 Yes PPABSTAINNOW (V406) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum abstaining from sex. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if the respondent has resumed sexual relations since her last birth. Women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently abstaining, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) 10 Always use toilet/latrine 20 Put/rinsed in place with water 21 Put/rinsed in toilet/latrine 22 Put/rinsed in drain or ditch 23 Rinsed away stools 30 Throw away somewhere 31 Throw outside the dwelling 32 Throw outside the yard 33 Throw into garbage 34 Left out in the open 40 Buried 50 Use disposable diapers 60 Use washable diapers 70 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DISPOSESTOOL (V465) reports how the respondent disposes of her youngest child's stools. IPUMS Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 MATERNITYIDX (V417) reports the number of entries in the pregnancy and postnatal care history for a female respondent. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, MATERNITYIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, MATERNITYIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 HEALTHIDX (V418) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the health or immunization history. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, HEALTHIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, HEALTHIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIOIDX (V419) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the height and weight table. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, BIOIDX is actually limited to the number of columns on the survey form that can be completed. In most cases, BIOIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only See specific questions 1 Last birth only 2 All births in last 5 years LASTBIRTHONLY (V468) indicates whether the column(s) on the women's questionnaire relating to pregnancy and postnatal care relate only to last-born children. In the standard questionnaire, some questions are asked about the last-born child only, while in some countries, these questions are asked about all children born in the last three or five years. LASTBIRTHONLY indicates whether the questionnaire followed the standard or was changed to include more children. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDNITE (V407) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous night between sunset and sunrise. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDNITE_01 (M35_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous night. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDNITE describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDNITE does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was breastfed that many times during the previous night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDNITE (M35) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous night. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDAY (V408) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous day during daylight hours. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDAY_01 (M36_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous day during daylight hours. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDAY describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDAY does not necessarily indicate that a child whose record is being analyzed was personally breastfed that many times during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDAY (M36) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous day. IPUMS Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still alive, BOTTLE24H (V415) indicates whether the last-born child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDBOT_01 (M38_01), which also indicates whether the woman gave her last-born child anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When children are the unit of analysis, BOTTLE24H describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. If the mother reported that she fed her last-born child with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. When children are the unit of analysis, a positive response in BOTTLE24H thus does not necessarily indicate that a particular child was actually fed with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDBOT (M38) to determine whether the specific child in question actually drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. IPUMS Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) BFEEDANYNOW (V404) indicates whether the woman is currently breastfeeding. If no child was born in the last three to five years, the respondent is assumed to not be breastfeeding. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. This variable has some variation in how current breastfeeding is determined. See Comparability. IPUMS When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast 000 Immediately 100 Within first hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 199 Hours: Number missing 200 Within first day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 299 Days: Number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and breastfed their last-born child, BFEEDST (V426) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her last-born child. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDST_01 (M34_1), which also reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child (for the last birth). When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDST describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of hours or days in BFEEDST does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was first breastfed after that amount of time. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDST (M34) to determine the length of time between the specific child's birth and when that child was first breastfed. IPUMS Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used ORS 22 Heard of ORS 23 Recognized ORS packet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DIATRORSHEARD (V416) indicates whether the woman ever heard of using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat diarrhea. ORS generally consists of drinking water with the addition of sugar and salt (in a homemade solution) or a commercial mixture of salt, glucose, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate added to clean water. IPUMS Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) 606. AGE: CHECK COLUMN 7. 15-17 YEARS 1 18-49 YEARS 2 (GO TO 609) 1 Under age 18 2 Age 18 or older 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFUNDER18 (V452A) indicates whether the respondent was under or over age 18 at the time of the interview, according to the household roster. The information in this variable was used by DHS personnel to determine whether a female household member needed consent from a parent/caretaker before conducting hemoglobin measurements. IPUMS Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) 608. RECORD LINE NUMBER OF PARENT/OTHER ADULT RESPONS IBLE FOR ADOLESCENT. RECORD '00' IF NOT LISTED. LINE NUMBER OF PARENT OR OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT _____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFLINENOPARENT (V452B) reports the line number, in the household listing, of the parent or caretaker of a respondent under age 18 whose hemoglobin levels were measured, based on blood drawn by DHS personnel. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant 613. PREGNANCY STATUS: CHECK 226 IN WOMAN'S QUESTIONNAIRE OR ASK: Are you pregnant? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No/don't know 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFPREGNANT (V454) indicates whether the respondent was pregnant at the time of the interview. A woman's pregnancy status is an important factor in interpreting hemoglobin/anemia level. See the following variables for more information: BIOFHEMOLEVEL (V453) BIOFHEMOLEVELALT (V456) BIOFANEMIALVL (V457) IPUMS Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the woman's weight as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the weight. Dividing WEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the woman's height as measured by DHS personnel. HEIGHTFEM values are reported in millimeters, to preserve one centimeter decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured height in centimeters. IPUMS Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTASDRM (V440) reports the difference between the respondent's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFHTASDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFHTASDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height, as measured by DHS personnel. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in BIOFHTASDRM. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status. IPUMS Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the DHS Program. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) uses Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standards BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses WHO reference standards IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses the WHO reference standard IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V444) uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTSDRM (V444A) reports the difference between the respondent's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. This variable uses a DHS reference standard. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFWTHTSDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFWTHTSDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The complementary DHS variable BIOFWTHTPCTDHS (V442) reports weight-for-height percentiles within the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature for further discussion. IPUMS Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFBMI (V445) reports the female respondent's body mass index (BMI). BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). Also known as the Quetelet Index, BMI is a measure of acute nutritional status, based on the Fogarty Metropolitan Life tables of ideal weight for height. The DHS Guide to Statistics offers the following guidelines for interpreting BMI scores for women age 15-49: Severely thin: less than 16.0 Moderately thin: 16.0 to 16.9 Mildly thin: 17.0 to 18.4 Normal: 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight: 25.0 to 29.9 Obese: 30.0 or more The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms, as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the person's length or height in centimeters, as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFROHRER (V446), which reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. This measure is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). IPUMS Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFROHRER (V446) reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. Rohrer's Index is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). Rohrer's Index is a measure of acute nutritional status, and may be used as an alternative to Body Mass Index. The original height and weight values used to calculate Rohrer's Index are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFBMI (V445), which reports the respondent's Body Mass Index (BMI), which is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). IPUMS Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Sick 12 Not present 13 Refused 14 Incapacitated 15 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWHYNOTMEAS (V447) indicates whether the respondent was measured for height and weight, or, if not, why she was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., sick, not present, refused). IPUMS Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHHAGE (V447A) reports the respondent's age in years, as recorded in the household roster. This age is used to determine eligibility for biometric measurements. IPUMS Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) 609. READ ANEMIA TEST CONSENT STATEMENT. FOR NEVER-IN-UNION WOMEN AGE 15-17, ASK CONSENT FROM PARENT/OTHER ADULT IDENTIFIED IN 608 BEFORE ASKING RESPOND ENT'S CONSENT. GRANTED 1(SIGN) _______ PARENT/OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT REFUSED 2 (SIGN) _______ (GO TO 610) RESPONDENT REFUSED 3 (SIGN) _______ (GO TO 610) 10 Permission granted 20 Permission refused 21 Parent/other refused 22 Respondent refused 30 Not read 40 Not present 41 Adult/parent not present 42 Minor not present 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOCONSENT (V452C) indicates whether permission was granted for the respondent's blood to be drawn and tested for hemoglobin level (as an indicator of anemia) or, if not, why not. Interviewers read a statement about hemoglobin testing and requested permission to draw and test the individual's blood for hemoglobin level. IPUMS Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 992 Not tested 993 Not present 994 Refused 995 Other 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOLEVEL (V453) reports the level of hemoglobin in the respondent's blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. BIOFHEMOLEVEL is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. For a summary statement of anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see BIOFANEMIALVL (V457). IPUMS Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Not present 12 Refused 13 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOTEST (V455) indicates whether the respondent's hemoglobin level was tested from a blood draw by DHS personnel, or, if not, why their hemoglobin level was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., not present, refused, technical problem). IPUMS Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 993 Not present 994 Refused 995 Other 996 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOLEVELALT (V456) reports the level of hemoglobin in the respondent's blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel, and adjusted for altitude. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. BIOFHEMOLEVELALT is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. The USAID publication Adjusting Hemoglobin Values in Program Surveys [URL omitted from DDI.] explains, "At elevations above 1000 m. hemoglobin concentrations increase as an adaptive response to the lower partial pressure of oxygen and reduced oxygen saturation of blood." The report further provides an equation for adjusting hemoglobin values in altitudes at 500-meter intervals, and explains that adjustment is important because "WHO hemoglobin cutoffs for anemia refer to sea-level values." For a summary statement of anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see BIOFANEMIALVL (V457). IPUMS Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 Not anemic 1 Mild 2 Moderate 3 Severe 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFANEMIALVL (V457) reports the respondent's level of anemia, from not anemic to severely anemic, based on hemoglobin levels in blood drawn by DHS personnel. According to the DHS Recode Manuals: [Hemoglobin] levels below 7.0 g/dl are considered as severe anemia, levels between 7.1g/dl and 9.9g/dl are considered as moderate anemia, and cases between 10.0 g/dl and 10.9 g/dl are considered as mild anemia for pregnant women and between 10.0 g/dl and 11.9 g/dl for all other adult women. IPUMS Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping 130. Does your household have any mosquito nets that can be used while sleeping? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 141) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETHAVE (V459) indicates whether the household had any bed nets that could be used while sleeping, to keep off mosquitoes and reduce the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses such as malaria. This information was collected via the household questionnaire and copied over to the woman's record. The complementary variable BEDNETNUM (HML1) reports the number of mosquito nets owned by the household. IPUMS Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INJRECENTANY indicates whether the woman received an injection for any reason in the 2 to 12 months preceding the survey. See Comparability for discussion of variations in the reference period for this variable. IPUMS Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months 00 0 injections 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 95 95+/daily 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INJRECENTNO (V477) reports how many injections, for any reason, the woman received in the 2 to 12 months preceding the survey. See Comparability for discussion of differences in the reference period for this variable. IPUMS Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker 00 0 injections 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who received any injections in the 6 to 12 months preceding the survey, INJHCWORKER (V478) reports the number of injections that were provided by a healthcare worker (including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentists or any other professional health worker). IPUMS Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have received an injection from a health professional in the last 6 to 12 months, INJNEWNEDL (V480) reports whether the person who gave them their last injection used a syringe and needle from a new, unopened package. There is some variation in how the "person who gave the last injection" is described. See Comparability. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCPERMIT (V467B) indicates whether the woman reported "obtaining permission to go to the doctor/seek treatment" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem only 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCMONEY (V467C) indicates whether the woman reported "getting money needed for treatment" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCDISTANCE (V467D) indicates whether the woman reported "the distance to the health facility" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem only 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCALONE (V467F) indicates whether the woman reported "not wanting to go alone" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSCOVERYN (V481) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance. IPUMS Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSORG (V481A) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through a mutual health organization (MHO) or community-based health insurance. IPUMS Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSEMPLOYER (V481B) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through an employer. IPUMS Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSSOCS (V481C) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through Social Security or another government program. IPUMS Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSPRIVATE (V481D) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through a private/commercially purchased health insurance provider. IPUMS Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSOTHER (V481X) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance from some other source. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child 1 Male 2 Female KIDSEX (B4) reports the sex of the child. IPUMS Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive No 1 Yes KIDALIVE (B5) reports whether the child was alive or dead at the time of interview. IPUMS Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December KIDBIRTHMO (B1) reports the child's month of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 KIDBIRTHYR (B2) reports the child's year of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing KIDAGEINFO (B10) reports the completeness of information about the child's age and date of birth. IPUMS Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years 19 19 years 20 20 years 21 21 years 22 22 years 23 23 years 24 24 years 25 25 years 26 26 years 27 27 years 28 28 years 29 29 years 30 30 years 31 31 years 32 32 years 33 33 years 34 34 years 35 35 years 36 36 years 37 37 years 38 38 years 39 39 years 40 40 years 41 41 years 42 42 years 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDCURAGE (B8) reports the current age of the child, in years, at the time of the survey. IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) KIDDOBCMC (B3) reports the century month code for the date of birth of the child. KIDDOBCMC (B3) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 KIDBORD (BORD) reports the birth order in which the child was born, from 1 to n, where 1 = the first child born to a mother, and the nth birth is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. IPUMS Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth 10 Single birth/not a twin 20 Twin or multiple 21 1st of multiple births 22 2nd of multiple births 23 3rd of multiple births 24 4th of multiple births 25 5th of multiple births 26 6th of multiple births KIDTWIN (B0) reports whether the child is a twin (or born in a multiple birth) or is a single birth. IPUMS Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) 100 Days: Died on day of birth 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 198 Days, unknown 199 Days old, number missing 200 Months old: Month of birth 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 259 59 months 260 60 months 261 61 months 262 62 months 263 63 months 264 64 months 265 65 months 266 66 months 297 Months, inconsistent 298 Months, unknown 299 Months old, number missing 300 Years 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 339 39 years 340 40 years 397 Years old, number inconsistent 398 Years old, number unknown 399 Years old, number missing 997 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For deceased children, KIDAGEDEATH (B6) reports the age of the child at death in days, months or years. The first digit of the codes indicates the time unit: 1 for days, 2 for months, 3 for years. IPUMS Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) 999 NIU (not in universe) For deceased children, KIDAGEDIEDIMP (B7) reports the age of the child at death in months (including imputed ages). IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child No flag 1 Reported age places death after interview 2 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 3 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 4 Reported age less than age first breastfed 5 Reported age before last vaccination 6 Reported age outside expected range for units 7 Reported age was imputed, units given 8 Reported age was imputed, units not given 9 NIU (not in universe) KIDAGEDEATHFLAG (B13) reports the type of problem, if any, found when editing responses about the child's age at death (in KIDAGEDEATH). A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDLIVESWITH (B9) reports the person the child usually lives with (i.e., the child's mother or someone else). IPUMS Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LINENOKID (B16) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the child's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking the woman respondent, "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months 005 5 004 4 003 3 002 2 001 1 000 998 Missing 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey who are not the first-born, or the twin of the first-born, child, BIRTHINTPREMO (B11) indicates the preceding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born after the mother's previous birth (i.e., after the child's first older sibling). IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey who are not the last-born, or twin of the last-born, child, BIRTHINTPOSTMO (B12) indicates the succeeding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born before the mother's next birth (or before the child's first younger sibling). IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) OTHBIRTHININT (B15) indicates whether there were any other live births in the interval between this birth and the previously reported birth. The survey form included the question, "Were there any other live births between (NAME OF PREVIOUS BIRTH) and (NAME), including any children who died?" For DHS Phase III only, OTHBIRTHININT (B15) is limited to "Births for which the interval between the birth and the previously reported birth was four or more years (B14 =1)," according to the Recode Manuals. For later Phases, the universe is all second- and higher-order births. The DHS Recode Manuals include the following explanatory note about this variable: Variables B14 and B15 are questions used in the interview to try and ascertain if the respondent had omitted any live births while reporting her birth history. The birth history may have been modified during the interviewing process, and the responses may not now correspond to the interval between the birth and the preceding birth recorded in this section. The data have been included to help indicate cases where the respondent may have omitted live births while originally reporting the birth history. The omitted births should be included in this final version of the birth history. IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series 1 NDVI available NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) consists of a set of 72 variables. These variables report the maximum NDVI value within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. NDVI is a numeric, normalized index that measures live greenness in an area and can be used as a proxy for vegetation. Hypothetically, NDVI values can range from -1.0 to 1.0. The IPUMS-DHS NDVI metric captures the maximum value of NDVI within the 10-kilometer buffer area (i.e., which pixel in the buffer has the maximum NDVI value for a given month), so the values in IPUMS-DHS for NDVI range from 0 to 1. By adding NDVI to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_01 is the maximum NDVI in the month before the survey start date; NDVI_60 is the maximum NDVI in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (NDVI_00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_A01 is the maximum NDVI in the month following the month of the survey start date) The source data for NDVI come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [URL omitted from DDI.]) dataset, which covers the period February 2000 to October 2018. Only IPUMS-DHS samples whose data collection period overlapped with February 2000 or later are included in the NDVI variable (e.g., Bangladesh 2000). Note, however, that a sample fielded beginning in February 2000 would have non-missing NDVI values for the survey start month and the 11 following months, but would have only missing data values for the 60 months preceding the survey start date. Researchers who need NDVI values for the full 5 years preceding the survey start--for example, to relate to health outcomes for children under age 5--should restrict their analysis to samples fielded from February 2005 forward. NDVI, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series 1 BATTLES available BATTLES consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which battles occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding BATTLES to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (BATTLES_1997 to BATTLES_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for BATTLES are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. According to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], data on BATTLES include: Battles with no change in territory (a battle between two violent armed groups where control of the contested location does not change); Battles in which a non-state actor overtakes territory (a battle where non-state actors win control of a location); Battles in which the government regains territory (a battle in which the government regains control of a location). Users should be aware that all three kinds of battles are included in the variable BATTLES. Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable BATTLES. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. BATTLES, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series 1 RIOTS available RIOTS consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which riots or protests occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding RIOTS to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (RIOTS_1997 to RIOTS_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for RIOTS are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The RIOTS variable counts incidents of organized demonstrations (against political entities, businesses, or private institutions) involving non-violent protestors or rioters (demonstrators employing violence), as well as spontaneous acts of violence by disorganized groups (targeting property or clashing with other groups or security institutions). Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable RIOTS. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. RIOTS, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series 1 CIV_VIOLENCE available CIV_VIOLENCE consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which violence against civilians occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding CIV_VIOLENCE to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (CIV_VIOLENCE_1997 to CIV_VIOLENCE_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for CIV_VIOLENCE are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) defines violence against civilians as deliberate acts perpetrated by an organized political group (such as rebel, militia, or government forces) against unarmed non-combatants who are unable to defend themselves or engage in violence. Such conflicts harm or kill civilians, through events resulting in significant harm (e.g., bombing, shooting, torture, rape, mutilation) or accosting victims (kidnapping and disappearances); however, no fatalities are required for inclusion of the event. Events in which only property damage occurs or people are relocated without physical harm do not count as incidents of violence against civilians. ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable CIV_VIOLENCE. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on their procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. CIV_VIOLENCE, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series 1 MALARIA available MALARIA consists of a set of 16 separate variables, covering each year from 2000 to 2015. The variables report, by year, the mean clinical Plasmodium falciparium malaria cases (across all ages) per person within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Alternatively, this statistic can be summarized as the mean clinical plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR), expressed as fractions of a case per person. MALARIA is available for a subset of the IPUMS-DHS samples with GPS data; see Comparability. By adding MALARIA to your data cart, you are in effect adding 16 separate variables (MALARIA_2000 to MALARIA_2015), one variable for each year. MALARIA, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier IDHSPID is an identifying number unique to person in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE and CASEID. IDHSPID is a 22-character string variable. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier CASEID is the unique identifier for each woman in a given sample year. Using CASEID and CLUSTERNO, analysts can link IPUMS-DHS data to the original DHS datasets to attach variables that are not currently available in IPUMS-DHS. For example, researchers can use CASEID and CLUSTERNO to link variables from the IPUMS-DHS with other variables from the Woman's Recode file to merge country-specific variables, or to the Household or Couples Recode file to attach variables that are not yet part of IPUMS-DHS. In most samples, users can identify women who are in the same household by using the first 12 characters of CASEID (and CLUSTERNO (V001)), as this indicates a unique household identifier. CASEID is generally created by The DHS Program using the variables CLUSTERNO (V001), HHNUM (V002), and LINENO (V003), with the last three characters indicating the respondent's line number in the household file. For instructions on how to create links between IPUMS-DHS data and DHS source data, see the User Note on "Merging IDHS and DHS Data." [URL omitted from DDI.] CASEID is a 18-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSU (V021) is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable DOMAIN (V023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe this variable as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSU (V021) is a 6-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata STRATA (V022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. STRATA is not the same as DOMAIN (V023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATA along with the variable PSU (V021) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATA (V022) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain DOMAIN (V023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAIN as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When national estimates are desired, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAIN (V023) and PSU (V021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., PERWEIGHT (V005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for DHS' sample design. In most countries, DOMAIN defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). DOMAIN is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUM (V002) is the number identifying the household in which the respondent was interviewed, within each sample. To identify unique households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUM with CLUSTERNO (V001). For most samples, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO can be used to merge IPUMS-DHS data from the women's file to DHS Household Recode files, to incorporate household variables not yet available in the IPUMS-DHS. However, in some household files, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO do not uniquely identify households in the DHS Household Recode file. For information about the IPUMS-DHS samples where HHNUM and CLUSTERNO are not sufficient to uniquely identify households, and for guidance on what further steps to take for linking files in such cases, please consult the User Note on Linking. [URL omitted from DDI.] HHNUM is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNO (V001) reports the cluster number for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNO is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable STRATA to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNO (V001) and HHNUM (V002) can be used to merge the women's individual recode file to the household recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNO is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit ULTAREAUNIT (V004) reports the ultimate area unit for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS recode manuals, ULTAREAUNIT is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units in the collection of data. It is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNO (V001)], but may be a sequentially numbered variable for samples with a more complicated structure. ULTAREAUNIT can be used to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNIT (V004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 LINENO (V003) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the woman's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband Household line number of respondent's husband (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 00 Husband not in the household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LINENOHUS (V034) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the name of the women's husband/partner, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Maternity history index to birth history Maternity history index to birth history Maternity history index to birth history Maternity history index to birth history Maternity history index to birth history 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 9 NIU (not in universe) MIDX reports the young child's line number in the woman respondent's maternity history. For children who are included in the maternity history (pregnancy and postnatal care section of the questionnaire, normally children under age 3, 4, or 5), the value of MIDX is the same as the child's line number in the birth history (BIDX). According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "For twins, the information in their entries will be identical for all variables relating to prenatal care." IPUMS Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number 07 7 08 8 09 9 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 BIDX reports the index number of the child in the mother's birth history, from 1 to n, where the nth birth is the mother's first birth, and 1 is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. After asking "Now I would like to record the names of all your births, whether still alive or not, with the first one you had," the interviewer recorded each child's name in turn on successively numbered lines printed in the "Reproduction" section of the individual woman's questionnaire. Combined with CASEID, BIDX uniquely identifies children within a sample. Combined with IDHSPID, BIDX uniquely identifies children across samples. Using these variables, data users can link IPUMS-DHS data to original DHS child-level and birth-level datasets. IPUMS Health history index to birth history Health history index to birth history Health history index to birth history Health history index to birth history Health history index to birth history 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 HIDX reports the young child's line number in the woman respondent's health history section. For children who are included in the health history (normally, children under age 3, 4, or 5), the value of HIDX is the same as the child's line number in the birth history (BIDX). After asking, "Now I would like to record the names of all your births, whether still alive or not, with the first one you had," the interviewer recorded each child's name in turn on successively numbered lines printed in the "Reproduction" section of the individual woman's questionnaire. IPUMS Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons PERWEIGHT (V005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population. While the DHS Recode Manuals direct the researcher to divide the original weight variable by 1,000,000 before applying the weighting factor to the original DHS data files, it is not necessary to modify the value of PERWEIGHT before applying this weight to cases in IPUMS-DHS. PERWEIGHT should be used to weight nearly all tabulations made using IPUMS-DHS data. Occasionally, as with the domestic violence variables, a subset of respondents are randomly selected to answer questions from a survey module, and a specialized weight such as DVWEIGHT should be used instead. Note: The 6 implied decimal places in PERWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of PERWEIGHT. IPUMS All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population AWFACTT is a 5-digit variable (in IPUMS-DHS) with 2 implied decimal places that is used to create total population estimates for all women of childbearing age, for those samples interviewing only ever-married women. A post from DHS senior staff member Tom Pullum on the DHS Users Forum explains, The all-woman factors are needed when you are trying to estimate something for all women, but you have to work with ever-married women because that's all you have in the sample. An example is when you want to estimate a fertility rate for all women but you only have the births and exposure for ever-married women. You have to assume that (a) never-married women have no births and (b) awfact/100 is a multiplier to inflate exposure for ever-married women to exposure for all women. For surveys that used a sampling frame of all women of childbearing age, AWFACTT has a value of 100 (or 1.00, with two decimal places), and thus has no effect on the survey statistics when used as a multiplier. For samples that included only ever-married women, AWFACTT serves as a multiplier to create total population figures for all women of childbearing age, following the assumptions noted above. The width of AWFACTT ranges from a low of 3 to a high of 5 in the original DHS files; see Comparability for further discussion. AWFACTT is a 5-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of AWFACTT. IPUMS Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) HOUSEHOLD SELECTED FOR MEN'S SURVEY AND SALT TESTING YES=1 NO=2 Not selected 1 Selected for men's survey 2 Selected for husband's survey MENSELHH (HV027) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for the men's or husband's survey. Samples including neither a men's survey nor a husband's survey are excluded from this variable in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Selected for domestic violence module Woman not selected 1 Woman selected and interviewed 2 Woman selected, but privacy not possible 3 Woman selected, but not interviewed 9 NIU (not in universe) DVMODULE (V044) identifies female respondents who were selected to receive questions from the domestic violence module and, for those selected, indicates whether they were interviewed. For samples including the module, one woman of childbearing age per household was randomly selected for the interview, using a table included in the questionnaire. Some women who were selected for the domestic violence interview refused to participate; others were excluded because the woman could not be interviewed privately. IPUMS Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module Weight for domestic violence module DVWEIGHT (D005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor for the subset of women who were randomly selected and interviewed in privacy for the domestic violence module (as indicated by DVMODULE) (V044). For further information about using weights with the DHS data, see PERWEIGHT (V005). Note: The 6 implied decimal places in DVWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. DVWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. IPUMS Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements Household selected for hemoglobin measurements 1 Selected Not selected HEMOSELECT (V042) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for hemoglobin measurements of the household members. Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Low hemoglobin levels indicate the presence of anemia (which may be caused by inadequate nutrition or chronic disease). IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview INTYEAR (V007) reports the year the interview took place. The dates reported in INTYEAR are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December MONTHINT (V006) reports the month when the interview took place. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 INTDAY (V016) reports the day of the month on which the interview took place. INTDAY uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview INTDATECMC (V008) reports century month code for the date on which the interview took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC minus ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTDATECMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. INTDATECMC (V008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTSTART (V801) reports the time of the start of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview began at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTEND (V802) reports the time of the end of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview ended at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) 00 0 minutes 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 2+ visits 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTDURATION (V803) reports the duration of the female interview (in minutes). The duration is top-coded at 95 minutes. Interviews that required more than one visit (INTVISITNO (V804) are coded as "96" for "2+ visits." INTDURATION is calculated based on the interview's start and end times in INTSTART (V801) and INTEND (V802). IPUMS Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTVISITNO (V804) reports the number of visits required to complete the female interview. IPUMS Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview 7 Other 6 Respondent Incapacitated 5 Partly completed 4 Refused 3 Postponed 2 Not at home 1 Completed INTRESULT (V015) reports the result of the individual interview. Code 1 represents a completed interview. Only completed interview cases are included in the DHS women's individual recode files, which provide the source material for IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample 1 All women sample 2 Ever-married women sample EVMARALLSAMP (V020) indicates whether the sample includes only ever-married women or includes all women of childbearing age. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey INTERVIEWERIDIR (V028) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the individual women's interviews for women of childbearing age. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey INTERVIEWER VISITS FIRST VISIT (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD VISITS) DATE INTERVIEWER NAME RESULT* INTERVIEWERIDHH (HV018) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the household survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status 2 Rural 1 Urban URBAN (V025) indicates whether the person's de facto residence was in an urban or rural location. The definition of urban varies across countries. See Comparability. IPUMS De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence 10 City 11 Capital or other large city 12 Other city 20 Town or countryside 21 Town 22 Countryside DEFACTORES (V026) reports the type of place--city, town, or countryside--where the person was interviewed. IPUMS Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) Household district (sample-specific) DISTRICT (SDIST) is the geographic district where the person's household is located. This variable is country- and sample-specific. A district with a given numeric code in one sample for a country does not cover the same geographic area in a second sample for that country, even if the districts have the same numeric code. DISTRICT is a 3-digit variable. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] 6 Lindi, Mtwara, and Ruvuma (South) 5 Iringa, Myeba, Nijombe, Katavi, and Rukwa (Southern Highlands) 4 Dodoma and Singida (Central) 3 Geita, Kagera, Kigoma, Mara, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Tabora (Lake) 2 Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara (Northern Highlands) 1 Dar Es Salaam, Morogoro, Pemba, Pwani, Tanga, Town West, and Zanzibar (Coastal) GEO_ TZ1991_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (zones) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1996, 1999, 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1996_2015, does not include the 1991 Tanzania sample and is harmonized for different geographic units (regions). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] 50 Pemba, Town West, and Zanzibar 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar Es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma GEO_ TZ1996_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1991_2015, includes the 1991 Tanzania sample and has less geographic detail (zones). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] 01 Dodoma 02 Arusha 03 Kilimanjaro 04 Tanga 05 Morogoro 06 Pwani 07 Dar Es Salaam 08 Lindi 09 Mtwara 10 Ruvuma 11 Iringa 12 Mbeya 13 Singida 14 Tabora 15 Rukwa 16 Kigoma 17 Shinyanga 18 Kagera 19 Mwanza 20 Mara 21 Manyara 51 Zanzibar North 52 Zanzibar South 53 Town West 54 Pemba North 55 Pemba South GEO_TZ2010 (V101_TZ2010) indicates the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 2010 Tanzania survey are equivalent to regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There are also integrated variables GEO_TZ1991_2015 and GEO_TZ1996_2015, that provide spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_TZ2010 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 55 Pemba South 54 Pemba North 53 Zanzibar town or west 52 Zanzibar South 51 Zanzibar North 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma DHS_IPUMSI_ TZ provides geographic codes for Tanzania that match those in the DHS and IPUMS-International [URL omitted from DDI.] databases. This variable can be used to link contextual area data from IPUMS-DHS to IPUMS-International or vice versa. The codes in DHS_IPUMSI_TZ indicate the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated or surveyed. GIS shapefiles for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Age Age Age Age Age 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 AGE (V012) reports the woman's age. DHS surveys collect information about the woman's age through questions about age at last birthday and date of birth. DHS Recode Manuals provide the following information about how the AGE variable is calculated: Current age in completed years is calculated from the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent (V011) and the century month code of the date of interview (V008). In a few cases the age in the data file will be different from that reported by the respondent when the respondent's birthday was in the month of interview, but she had not yet had her birthday. If the respondent correctly reported her age at her last birthday (and not her age at her next birthday) then the calculated age was rounded up from the reported age, to avoid inconsistencies between the age and the century month code for the birth. IPUMS Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups 10 10 to 14 11 10 to 14 12 12 to 14 13 13 to 14 20 15-19 30 20-24 40 25-29 50 30-34 60 35-39 70 40-44 80 45-49 90 50+ 91 50-54 92 55-59 93 60-64 AGE5YEAR (V013) reports the woman's age in 5-year groups, based on data from the AGE (V012) variable. The age range of women interviewed varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December BIRTHMO (V009) reports the woman's month of birth. IPUMS Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1971 1971 1970 1970 1969 1969 1968 1968 1967 1967 1966 1966 1965 1965 1964 1964 1963 1963 1962 1962 1961 1961 1960 1960 1959 1959 1958 1958 1957 1957 1956 1956 1955 1955 1954 1954 1953 1953 1952 1952 1951 1951 1950 1950 1949 1949 1948 1948 1947 1947 1946 1946 1945 1945 1944 1944 1943 1943 1942 1942 1941 1941 1940 1940 1939 1939 1938 1938 1937 1937 1936 1936 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 BIRTHYEAR (V010) reports the woman's year of birth. IPUMS Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months DOBCMC (V011) reports the century month code (CMC) for the woman's date of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. DOBCMC (V011) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth 1 Month and year 2 Month and age, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year only, age and month imputed 6 Age only, year and month imputed 7 Month only, age and year imputed 8 Season and year 9 None reported, all imputed DOBINFORESP (V014) reports the completeness of information about the respondent's age and date of birth. A code of 0 indicates the month and the year were reported, and no data were imputed. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor (5) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) usually live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing RESIDENT (V135) indicates whether the woman was a usual resident of the household or was just visiting there. As defined by the RESIDENT variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head (3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the relationship of (NAME) to the head of the household? 01 = HEAD 02 = WIFE OR HUSBAND 03 = SON OR DAUGHTER 04 = SON-IN-LAW OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 05 = GRANDCHILD 06 = PARENT 07 = PARENT-IN-LAW 08 = BROTHER OR SISTER 09 = CO-WIFE 10 = OTHER RELATIVE 11 = ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEPCHILD 12 = NOT RELATED 98 = DON'T KNOW 01 Head 02 Wife 03 Daughter or son 04 Daughter- or son-in-law 05 Grandchild 06 Mother or father 07 Parent-in-law 08 Sister or brother 09 Co-spouse 10 Adopted/foster/step child 11 Adopted/foster child 12 Stepchild 20 Other relative 21 Niece or nephew by blood 22 Niece or nephew by marriage 23 Niece or nephew unspecified 24 Sibling-in-law 25 Aunt or uncle 26 Grandparent 30 Nonrelative 31 Domestic servant/employee 32 Herdboy 97 Don't know 98 Missing RELATE (V150) reports the woman's relationship to the head of the household, based on a question in the household questionnaire. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant No/unsure 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGNANT (V213) indicates whether the respondent is currently pregnant. IPUMS Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For currently pregnant women, DURCURPREG (V214) reports the imputed duration of the woman's current pregnancy. IPUMS Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 98 Missing TRIPSAWAYR (V167) reports the number of times the respondent has been away from home or from her home community for one or more nights in the last 12 months. IPUMS Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year Respondent away from home for over 1 month in last year No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRIPAWAY1MO (V168) indicates whether the respondent has been away from home or from her home community for more than one month at a time in the last 12 months. IPUMS Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status 10 Never married 20 Married or living together 21 Married 22 Living together 30 Formerly in union 31 Widowed 32 Divorced 33 Separated/not living together 98 Missing 11 Unconsummated marriage 34 Deserted MARSTAT (V501) reports the woman's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married Ever been married 00 No 10 Formerly married 11 Formerly married with certificate 12 Formerly married by custom 20 Lived with a man 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently married or living with a man, EVERMARRIED (V535) reports the woman's relationship history as "No [never married/in union]," "Formerly married," or "Lived with a man." IPUMS Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Never married 1 Currently married 2 Formerly married 8 Missing CURRMARR (V502) reports the woman's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes women who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes women who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes women who are widowed, divorced, or separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. For samples restricted to ever-married women, only women who are formally married (not cohabiting) are included as "married." IPUMS Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union One 1 More than one 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, UNION1MORE (V503) indicates whether the respondent had been in one or more than one marriage/union. IPUMS Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Inconsistent 98 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEFRSTMAR (V511) reports the woman's age at the start of her first marriage or union. This usually refers to when the woman first started to live with her first husband or partner. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "Age at start of first marriage or union is calculated from the century month code of the date of start of first marriage or union and the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent." IPUMS Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner Age of husband/partner 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 96 Inconsistent 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 HUSAGE (V730) reports the age of the woman's husband or co-resident partner. IPUMS Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) 00 Never married 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 20 to 24 06 25 to 29 07 30+ 96 Marriage not consummated 98 Missing DURMARGRP (V513) reports the number of years elapsed since the woman's first marriage or cohabiting union until the date of the survey interview, in five-year groups. The duration is reported irrespective of whether the respondent is still married or in a union with her first partner. IPUMS Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STMO (V507) reports the month of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The year of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STYR (V508). IPUMS Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Marriage not consummated 9997 Inconsistent 9998 Don't know 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STYR (V508) reports the year of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The month of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STMO (V507). IPUMS Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 98 Marriage not consummated 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, YRSTO1STMAR (V512) reports the number of years from the start of the woman's first marriage/union to the date of the survey interview. The calculation is made using century month codes for both dates. For the month and year of first marriage/union, see MAR1STMO (V507) and MAR1STYR (V508) respectively. IPUMS Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) 9996 Not consummated 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STCMC (V509) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union 01 Month and year reported 02 Month and age reported, year imputed 03 Year and age reported, month imputed 05 Year reported, age and month imputed 06 Age reported, year and month imputed 08 Month reported, age and year imputed 09 Year and age reported, year ignored 10 Season and year reported 11 All values imputed 99 NIU (not in universe) 12 All reported, inconsistent MAR1STDATINFO (V510) reports the completeness of information for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. See Comparability. IPUMS Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth 998 First birth prior to first marriage 999 NIU (not in universe) MARTO1STBORNMO (V221) reports the number of months between the woman's first marriage (i.e., formal marriage or first episode of living with a man) and her first birth. For women whose first birth occurred before their first marriage, this variable is coded as '998.' IPUMS Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives 00 No other wives 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Has other wives, dk number 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, WIFENUM (V505) reports the number of other wives (or co-resident partners) their husband/partner had. Question wording varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women married to or living with a man who had more than one wife/partner, WIFERANK (V506) reports the woman's rank among her husband's/partner's wives/partners. IPUMS Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Living with woman 1 Staying elsewhere 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, HUSBINHOME (V504) indicates whether the husband/partner lived with the woman or stayed elsewhere. IPUMS Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent. The number reported in CHEB is the sum of a series of variables covering the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home, living away from home, or who have died (V202 to V207). The number of births reported in CHEB will match the number of entries in the birth history (V224) for up to 20 births. If the woman reported more than 20 births, then the number for CHEB will exceed the number of births in the birth history, but such cases are rare. IPUMS Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) TOTBIRTHIST (V224) reports the number of entries in the woman respondent's birth history. For up to 20 births, the birth history contains information for each of the respondent's births. In those rare cases when the respondent had more than 20 births, the birth history lists the last 19 births and the first birth. In cases where the women had fewer than 20 births, the number reported in TOTBIRTHIST will match the number reported in CHEB (V201), the total number of children ever born to the respondent. IPUMS Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSDIED (V206) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSDIED (V207) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 8 7 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) reports the number of births the woman had in the five years prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the 0 to 59 months prior to the month of the interview. IPUMS Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 BIRTHSIN1YR (V209) reports the number of births the woman had in the year prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the months 0 to 12 (not 0 to 11) prior to the month of the interview. For example, if the survey were given in January, BIRTHSIN1YR would report the number of births the woman had between the time of the survey and the previous January. IPUMS Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview 1 1 2 2 3 3 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSIN1MO (V210) reports the total number of births the woman had in the month of interview. IPUMS Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) DOB1STKIDCMC (V211) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first birth. The Guide to DHS Statistics (2003) explains the use and calculation of CMC values as follows: Century month codes (CMC) are particularly important to check consistency of dates, to calculate intervals between events, and to impute dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. That year was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 will be: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed since January 1900 to June 2002. Based on CMC it is possible to calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) IPUMS Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period 100 Day of Interview 101 Days: 1 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 98 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Weeks 201 201 Weeks: 1 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 253 53 weeks 254 54 weeks 255 55 weeks 256 56 weeks 257 57 weeks 258 58 weeks 259 59 weeks 260 60 weeks 261 61 weeks 262 62 weeks 263 63 weeks 264 64 weeks 265 65 weeks 266 66 weeks 267 67 weeks 268 68 weeks 269 69 weeks 270 70 weeks 271 71 weeks 272 72 weeks 273 73 weeks 274 74 weeks 275 75 weeks 276 76 weeks 277 77 weeks 278 78 weeks 279 79 weeks 280 80 weeks 281 81 weeks 282 82 weeks 283 83 weeks 284 84 weeks 285 85 weeks 286 86 weeks 287 87 weeks 288 88 weeks 289 89 weeks 290 90 weeks 291 91 weeks 292 92 weeks 293 93 weeks 294 94 weeks 295 95 weeks 296 96 weeks 297 97 weeks 298 98 weeks 299 Weeks: Number missing 300 Months 301 301 Months: 1 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 98 months 399 Months: Number missing 400 Years 401 Years: 1 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 446 46 years 447 47 years 448 48 years 449 49+ years 499 Years: number missing 992 Currently pregnant 993 In menopause/had hysterectomy 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215) reports the time passed since the woman's last menstrual period, in days, weeks, months, or years. IPUMS Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) MENSTRUATE6WK (V216) indicates whether the woman menstruated in the 6 weeks prior to the interview, as calculated from TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely 1 During her period 2 After period ended 3 Middle of the cycle 4 Before period begins 5 At any time 6 Other/It depends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) OVCYCLE (V217) suggests the woman's knowledge of the ovulatory cycle by reporting when she believes a woman has the greatest chance of becoming pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVE (V218) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent who are currently living. The number reported in CHEBALIVE (V218) is the sum of a series of variables reporting the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home and who are living away from home (V202 to V205 - SONSATHOME, DAUSATHOME, SONSAWAYHOME, and DAUSAWAYHOME). The related variable CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent, regardless of survival status. IPUMS Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 18 18 CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) reports the woman's total number of living children, including her current pregnancy. CHSURVPLUSPG takes the value of CHEBALIVE (V218) and adds 1 if the respondent is pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6+ 9 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVETRUNC (V220) reports the woman's total number of living children (including current pregnancy), truncated at 6 or more children. This variable is a grouping of CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) truncated at 6+ children. IPUMS Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have ever given birth, LASTBIRTHTOINTMO (V222) reports the number of months between their last birth and the date of interview. IPUMS Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy 1 Month- exact date 2 Date missing, imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) For pregnant women, CONCEPTDATEFLAG (V223) indicates the completeness of information relating to the date of conception of their current pregnancy. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "This variable indicates whether the date of conception was exactly specified by the duration of the current pregnancy or the duration was imputed from other information." The related variable DURCURPREG reports the duration of the current pregnancy. IPUMS Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period 00 No flag 01 Number GT interval since birth 02 Number plus amenorrhea GT interval 03 Number reported, but period not returned 04 Reported before last birth, but no birth 05 Reported before last birth, but period since 06 Reported never menstruated, but period returned 07 Reported time during pregnancy 08 Reported never menstruated but had kids 09 Reported period before last birth 99 NIU (not in universe) MENSTIMFLAG (V227) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing responses on the time since the respondent's last menstrual period. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For time since last menstrual period, see TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth Ever had pregnancy terminate via abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No PREGTERMIN (V228) indicates whether the woman ever had a pregnancy that was terminated due to miscarriage, abortion, or stillbirth, and did not result in a live birth. IPUMS Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination Calendar month of pregnancy termination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have had a pregnancy terminated through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage, PREGTERMINMO (V229) indicates the calendar month when the last pregnancy termination occurred, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination Year of last pregnancy termination 2018 2018 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 For women who have had a pregnancy terminated through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage, PREGTERMINYR (V230) reports the year when the last pregnancy termination occurred, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated Months pregnant when pregnancy terminated 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had a pregnancy end without a live birth (through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage) 5 years before the survey, PREGTERMTIM (V233) indicates how many months pregnant the woman was when the pregnancy ended. IPUMS Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) Respondent had previous pregnancy terminations (prior to last 5 years) 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No For women who had a pregnancy end without a live birth (through abortion, stillbirth or miscarriage) in the 5 years before the survey, PREGTERMPREV (V234) indicates whether the woman had any other pregnancies that ended without a live birth. IPUMS Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar Birth history index for last child born prior to the start of the calendar No prior child 1 1 (or yes, prior child) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8+ 9 NIU (not in universe) PRECALBIDX (V235) provides the birth index number (see BIDX for more information) of the last child born to the woman before the start of the survey's birth calendar. For the majority of samples, PRECALBIDX reports the birth index number of the last child born prior to 5 years before the survey. For a minority of samples, the reference period is 3 or 4 years before the survey. See Sample Description [URL omitted from DDI.] information on the universes for children included in the surveys to learn the specific reference period for each survey. IPUMS Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview Other live births in interval between last birth reported and date of interview 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No BIRTHSOTHER (V237) indicates whether the woman had any other live births in the interval between the last reported birth and the date of the interview. The question for this variable verifies whether the woman omitted any births when reporting her birth record. Omitted births should be included in the final version of the birth history in the variable CHEB (V201). IPUMS Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview Total births in last 3 years prior to interview 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238) indicates the total number of births the woman had in the 3 years (0 to 35 months) prior to the interview (where 0 is the month of interview). Responses are based on the woman's birth history table, which records the month and year of her children's births. IPUMS Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning Had pregnancies ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth before calendar beginning 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No PRECALTERM (V239) indicates whether the respondent had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar. IPUMS Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Month of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMMO (V240) indicates the calendar month of the termination. IPUMS Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Year of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMYR (V241) indicates the calendar year of the termination. IPUMS Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Century month date of last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMCMC (V242) reports the century month date of the last pregnancy termination before the start of the birth calendar. For information on how to interpret and calculate century month dates, see DOBCMC. All samples in PRECALTERMCMC use the Gregorian calendar. For similar data for Ethiopian samples using the Ethiopian calendar, see PRECALTERMCMC_ET. IPUMS Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar Completeness of information for last pregnancy termination prior to calendar 1 Month and year 2 From calendar 3 Year only 4 Month only 7 None 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had any pregnancies terminated through abortion, miscarriage or stillbirth prior to the survey's birth calendar, PRECALTERMCOMP (V243) reports the completeness of information about the month and year of that pregnancy termination. IPUMS Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period 000 No time difference 991 In menopause/had hysterectomy 992 Pregnant, not asked 993 In menopause 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSCALC (V226) reports the computed time since the respondent's last menstrual period. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, this variable is computed from the response for V215, with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth (V227 = 7,9) recoded to the response "Before last birth" (code 995) and inconsistent responses flagged on variable 227 (codes 1-6) recoded to 997. Restated in terms of IPUMS-DHS variables and variable labels, TIMEMENSCALC is computed from the response for TIMEMENSTRUATE (Time since woman's last menstrual period). Cases with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth, when MENSTIMFLAG (Flag for reported time since last menstrual period) has values for "Reported time during pregnancy" or "Reported period before last birth," are recoded as "Before last birth" in TIMEMENSCALC. Cases with inconsistent or implausible responses according to MENSTIMFLAG (for example, the woman reportedly never menstruated but she has given birth) are recoded to "Inconsistent" for TIMEMENSCALC. IPUMS Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 99 NIU (not in universe) 02 2 05 5 03 3 04 4 AGEAT1STBIRTH (V212) reports the age of the woman at the time of her first birth. This variable is calculated by using the century month code (CMC) of the date of the woman's first birth (DOB1STKIDCMC) and the CMC of the woman's date of birth (DOBCMC). IPUMS Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination Century month date of last pregnancy termination 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) PREGTERMCMC (V231) reports the century month code of the respondent's last pregnancy termination, according to the Gregorian calendar. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "The CMC date of termination is calculated from the preceding questions [on month and year of last pregnancy termination], or from the calendar, if possible, in cases where an exact date was not given for the date of last pregnancy termination." For detailed discussion of the calculation and interpretation of century month codes, see DOBCMC (Respondent's date of birth, in century months). IPUMS Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy Date flag for last terminated pregnancy 1 Month and year 2 From calendar 3 Year 4 Month 5 None 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGTERMFLAG (V232) is a flag variable that indicates the type of information available on the date of the respondent's last terminated pregnancy. Survey forms supplied room to collect the month and year of the last terminated pregnancy, and cases for which both month and year are available are coded 1. IPUMS Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMTOTAL (V136) reports the total number of members of the woman's household. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, HHMEMTOTAL is calculated by summing "the number of usual residents and the number of visitors who slept in the house the previous night that were listed in the household schedule." "Usual residents" of the household are identified by the RESIDENT variable. IPUMS Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 HHKIDLT5 (V137) reports the number of children age 5 and under who reside in the household. Visiting children are not included in the count. IPUMS Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 36 99 No women age 15-49 HHELIGWOMEN (V138) reports the number of eligible women in the household, usually defined as women of childbearing age who slept in the household the previous night (regardless of whether they were usual residents or visitors). The age and marital status guidelines for defining eligible women varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head 98 Missing 97 97+ 96 96 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 HHEADAGE (V152) reports the age of the head of the household. IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head 8 Missing 2 Female 1 Male HHEADSEX (V151) reports the sex of the head of the household. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) (4) SEX Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 110. How many rooms in your household are used for sleeping? (INCLUDING ROOMS OUTSIDE THE MAIN DWELLING) ROOMS _______ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling 108. WALL MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS 01 POLES AND MUD 02 SUN-DRIED BRICKS 03 BAKED BRICKS 04 WOOD, TIMBER 05 CEMENT BLOCKS 06 STONES 07 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 376 Metal, unspecified 375 Corrugated asbestos 374 Iron or zinc sheets 292 Unburnt brick with cement 127 Animal dung 126 Hay with mud 241 Trunks with mud 000 No walls 100 NATURAL 110 Cane/palm/trunks/grass/sticks 111 Cane/palm/trunks 112 Cane/trunks 113 Cane/trunks/bamboo/reeds 114 Palm branches 115 Sticks 116 Shells 120 Earth/mud/dirt/dung 121 Unbaked brick, mud, or earth 122 Earth 123 Mud 124 Mud, dung 125 Dirt 130 Thatch/mat/leaves/straw/reeds 131 Grass 132 Thatch or straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Bamboo with mud 211 Bamboo/wood with mud 212 Bamboo 220 Stone with mud 230 Rough wood 231 Plywood 232 Reused wood 233 Timber 234 Wood/metal planks 240 Poles and mud 250 Tin/cardboard/paper/bags 251 Cardboard 252 Carton 260 Uncovered adobe 270 Corrugated metal 280 Canvas/tent 300 FINISHED 310 Cement/concrete 311 Semi-dur (cement and sand blocks) 320 Bricks 321 Finished/burnt bricks 322 Burnt bricks with mud 323 Burnt bricks with cement 324 Sundried bricks 330 Cement blocks 340 Wood planks/shingles 341 Wood and grass 350 Stone 351 Stone with lime/cement 360 Covered adobe 370 Other finished 371 Metal or asbestos sheets 400 OTHER 998 Missing 996 Non-resident 290 Unburnt bricks 373 T-iron/wood/brick 372 Tin 377 Prefab 291 Unburnt brick and plaster 999 NIU (not in universe) WALL (HV214) reports the main material of the outside walls of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 107. MAIN MATERIAL OF THE FLOOR RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. EARTH, SAND, DUNG 11 WOOD PLANKS, BAMBOO, PALM 21 PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL OR ASPHALT STRIPS 32 CERAMIC TILES, TERRAZZO 33 CEMENT 34 CARPET 35 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 109. ROOFING MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS / THATCH / MUD 01 IRON SHEETS 02 TILES . 03 CONCRETE 04 ASBESTOS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident ELECTRC (V119) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH 106. What is the main source of energy for lighting in the household? ELECTRICITY 01 BOTTLED GAS 02 PARAFFIN / KEROSENE 03 CHARCOAL 04 FIREWOOD 05 CROP RESIDUALS, STRAW, GRASS 06 ANIMAL DUNG 07 NO FOOD COOKED IN HOUSEHOLD 95 OTHER (SPECIFY) _______________ 96 96 Non-resident 75 Generator 74 Battery/solar flashlight or lamp 10 Electricity 20 Kerosene lamp 21 Kerosene lamps with glass shades 22 Kerosene/oil lamps without glass shades 23 Paraffin/hurricane lamp 24 Paraffin/pressure lamp 25 Paraffin wick lamp 30 Gas 31 Natural gas or LPG (liquified petroleum) 40 Oil 50 Wood-based 51 Charcoal 52 Firewood 53 Firewood, straw 60 Candles 70 Other, specified 71 Biogas 72 Solar 73 Dung 80 Other, unspecified 98 Missing 76 No light 11 Government electric 12 Coop electric 13 Private electric 41 Oil lamp or candles LIGHTSOURCE reports the main source of lighting in the household. The information in LIGHTSOURCE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking 105. What type of fuel does your household mainly use for cooking? ELECTRICITY 01 SOLAR 02 GAS 03 PARAFFIN-HURRICANE LAMP 04 PARAFFIN-PRESSURE LAMP 05 PARAFFIN-WICK LAMP 06 FIREWOOD 07 CANDLES 08 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 995 No food cooked in house 100 Electricity 200 Petroleum-based 210 Gasoline 220 LPG, natural gas 221 LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) 222 Natural gas 230 Bottled gas (butane or propane) 240 Kerosene 300 Biogas 400 Coal-based 410 Coal, lignite 411 Coal, coke, lignite 500 Wood- or grass-based 510 Wood 520 Charcoal 530 Firewood, straw 540 Straw, shrub, grass 600 Dung 700 Agricultural crop-based 710 Crop residues 720 Maize or other crop waste 800 Other 996 Non-resident 998 Missing 801 Jelly 802 Solar 804 Improved smokeless cook stove 999 NIU (not in universe) 803 Cardboard/paper COOKFUEL (HV226) reports the type of fuel the woman's household used for cooking. Response categories vary across surveys; see Comparability. The information in COOKFUEL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used 127. What kind of oil was it? SIMSIM/SESAME 01 GROUNT NUT 02 SUNFLOWER 03 COCONUT 04 RED PALM 05 COTTONSEED 06 COW FAT 07 GHEE 08 OTHER FAT (SPECIFY) _______96 99 NIU (Not in universe) 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 53 Ghee 52 Butter or margarine 51 Lard or suet 50 Other 40 Shea butter 35 Cottonseed oil 34 Sunflower oil 33 Coconut oil 32 Sesame oil 31 Peanut/ground nut oil 30 Other vegetable oil 20 Frytol/fortified vegetable oil 12 Yellow palm oil 11 Red palm oil 10 Palm oil COOKOILTYPE reports the type of oil the household used for cooking, either typically or within a recent reference period, such as the last seven days. The response "shea butter" refers to a fat extracted from the nut of the African shea tree. "Frytol" is the commercial brand name of a vegetable oil product used for deep frying. The information in COOKOILTYPE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers 115. How far is it to the nearest market place? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) KILOMETRES _________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MARKETKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest market, in kilometers. The information in MARKETKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 102. What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEWER SYSTEM 11 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEPTIC TANK 12 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIT LATRINE 13 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO ELSEWHERE 14 PIT LATRINE VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT LATRINE (VIP) 21 PIT LATRINE WITH SLAB 22 PIT LATRINE WITHOUT SLAB/OPEN PIT 23 COMPOSTING TOILET/ECOSAN 31 BUCKET 41 NO FACILITY/BUSH/FIELD 51 (GO TO 104) OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________________ 96 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility 103. Do you share this toilet facility with other households? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 104) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOILETSHAREYN (HV225) indicates whether the household has a toilet facility that is shared with at least one other household. A "no" response (code "0") indicates the household has a toilet that is not shared; a "yes" response (code "1") indicates the household shares a toilet facility; "not in universe" (code "9") means the household has no toilet facility. The information in TOILETSHAREYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded 103A. How many households share this toilet facility? NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS IF LESS THAN 10 _________ 10 OR MORE HOUSEHOLDS 95 DON'T KNOW 98 96 Non-resident 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For residents of households with shared toilet facilities, TOILSHARNUMT (HV238) reports the number of other households sharing their toilet, topcoded at 9 or more other households. Thus, in IPUMS-DHS, a value of 1 in TOILSHARNUMT means that 1 other household is using the household's toilet, for a total of 2 households using that facility. The information in TOILSHARNUMT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 101. What is the main source of drinking water for members of your household? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO DWELLING 11 PIPED INTO YARD/PLOT 12 PUBLIC TAP 13 NEIGHBOUR'S TAP 14 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM OPEN WELL OPEN WELL IN DWELLING 21 (GO TO 101B) OPEN WELL IN YARD/PLOT 22 (GO TO 101B) OPEN PUBLIC WELL 23 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S OPEN WELL 24 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM COVERED WELL OR BOREHOLE PROTECTED WELL IN DWELLING 31 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED WELL IN YARD/PLOT 32 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED PUBLIC WELL 33 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S BOREHOLE 34 (GO TO 101B) SURFACE WATER SPRING 41 (GO TO 101B) RIVER/STREAM 42 (GO TO 101B) POND/LAKE 43 (GO TO 101B) DAM 44 (GO TO 101B) RAINWATER 51 (GO TO 101B) TANKER TRUCK 61 (GO TO 101B) WATER VENDOR 71 (GO TO 101B) BOTTLED WATER 81 (GO TO 101B) OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 (GO TO 101B) 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) 101B. How long does it take you to go there, get water, and come back including waiting time? MINUTES ________ ON PREMISES 996 000 0 (on premises) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 994 One day or longer 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRIND (V115) reports the amount of time, in minutes, to get to the household's major source of water, top-coded at 360+ minutes. This information is taken from the individual woman's record. The complementary variable TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the same information, taken from the household record. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 101B. How long does it take you to go there, get water, and come back including waiting time? MINUTES ________ ON PREMISES 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water 101A. Who is providing water at your main source? AUTHORITY 1 CBO/NGO 2 PRIVATE OPERATOR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Government 20 Private source 21 NGO 22 Private operator 30 Obtained for free 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WTRPROVIDER reports the entity supplying (and paid for) the household's supply of drinking water. For most samples (see Comparability), the information in TOILETSHAREPRIV is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water 101C. Do you do anything to the water to make it safer to drink? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 102) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 102) 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TREATWTRYN (HV237) indicates whether the household used any treatment to make water safer to drink. The information in TREATWTRYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRBLEACH (HV237B) indicates whether the household added bleach or chlorine to make water safer to drink. The information in TRBLEACH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 12 Yes, some of the time 11 Yes, most of the time 00 No 96 Non-resident 10 Yes 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TRBOIL(HV237A) indicates whether the household boiled water to make it safer to drink. The information in TRBOIL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRCLOTH (HV237C) indicates whether the household strained water through cloth to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRCLOTH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRFILTER (HV237D) indicates whether the household used a water filter to make water safer to drink. The information in TRFILTER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSOLAR (HV237E) indicates whether the household used solar disinfection to make water safer to drink. The information in TRSOLAR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSTAND (HV237F) indicates whether the household let water stand to settle impurities, to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRSTAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TROTHER (HV237X) indicates whether the household used some "other" treatment to make water safer to drink. The meaning of other depends on the specific water treatment methods enumerated in a given survey. The information in TROTHER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRDK (HV237Z) indicates whether the respondent did not know what treatment, if any, the household used to make water safer to drink. The information in TRDK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone Household has telephone 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing HHPHONE (V153) indicates whether the household has a telephone. How the question was worded changed over time. See Comparability. The related variable MOBPHONE covers the household's access to a mobile phone, specifically. IPUMS House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHPHONEHH (HV221) indicates whether any member of the household has a telephone (based on information from the household record). The information in HHPHONEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing MOBPHONE indicates whether the household had a mobile/cellular telephone. The related variable HHPHONE indicates whether the household had a telephone, regardless of the type of phone, or had a non-mobile phone. The information in MOBPHONE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing BIKE (V123) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown CAR (V125) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown MOTORCYCL (V124) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown FRIDGE (V122) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or must be owned by the household. See comparability. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Unknown 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident RADIO (V120) indicates whether the household has a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown TELEVISION (V121) indicates whether the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WATCHCLOCK indicates whether the household has access to a timepiece, either a watch or a clock. The related variable CLOCKONLY indicates whether the household has a clock. See Comparability. The information in WATCHCLOCK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing PARALAMPYN indicates whether the household has a lamp that uses paraffin (kerosene) as fuel. The information in PARALAMPYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing IRONYN indicates whether the household has an iron. The information in IRONYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing BANKACC (HV247) indicates whether any member of the household has a bank account. The information in BANKACC is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) 112. How many acres of land for farming or grazing does this household own? (PUT '0000.0' IF NONE AND 9999.8 IF DOESN'T KNOW) ACRES FOR FARMING ______.___ ACRES FOR GRAZING ______.___ No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AGLANDYN (HV244) indicates whether any member of the household owned (or had use of) agricultural land. Question wording varies across samples; see Comparability. The information in AGLANDYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 1 Never 2 Seldom 3 Sometimes 4 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FOODPROBYR reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FOODPROBYR is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally 116. Now I would like to ask you about the food your household eats? How many meals does your household usually have per day? MEALS ___________ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5+ 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 7 Don't know MEALSPERDAY reports the number of meals per day the members of the household have, either "usually" or during a recent reference period. The information in MEALSPERDAY is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FIPROBFQ reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FIPROBFQ is taken from the household record and applies to household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors (code "2") using: RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis; HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis; RESIDENTMN variable when men are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 96 Non-resident 10 Iodized salt in household 11 Packaged salt - iodized 20 Non-iodized salt in household 21 Packaged salt - noniodized 30 Salt not tested 31 Local salt 32 Loose salt 33 Salt for animals 34 Natron in block 35 Packaged salt - other 36 Other, n.e.c. 97 Doesn't cook 98 Missing/no salt available 99 NIU (not in universe) SALTBRIDGE serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on the presence of iodized salt in the household. Initially, respondents were asked, "What type of salt is usually used for cooking in your household?" Respondents were also asked to show their salt package to the interviewer. Beginning with Phase 4 of the standard DHS questionnaire, respondents were asked to provide the interviewer with a teaspoon of cooking salt, which the interviewer then tested. Iodine testing methods varied across phases and countries. SALTBRIDGE combines information from the first approach of asking about cooking salt (in SALTIODIZE (HV222)) and the second approach of testing the cooking salt for iodine (in SALTEST3 (HV234)). The information in SALTBRIDGE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT (V135) variable (with visitors coded "2"). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) Results of salt iodine test (from individual record) 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 0 ppm (No iodine) 10 1-25 ppm 11 7 ppm 12 LT 15 ppm 13 LE 15 ppm 14 15 ppm 15 GE 15 ppm 20 26-50 ppm 21 30 ppm 30 51-75 ppm 31 1-75 ppm 40 76-100 ppm 94 Salt not tested 95 No salt in the household 96 Non-resident 98 Missing SALTRESULT (V166) reports the results of the salt iodine test, with information recorded on the individual person's record. The following related variables, taken from the household record, report the results of the salt iodine test and are separated according to the type of test: SALTEST1 (HV234) reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values of 0 PPM, 7 PPM, 15 PPM or less, 15PPM or more, and 30 PPM. SALTEST2 reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values of 0 PPM, 1-25 PPM, 26-50 PPM, 51-75 PPM, and 76-100 PPM. SALTEST3 (HV234A) indicates whether the household's cooking salt tested positive for iodine. IPUMS Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 997 Don't know 000 0 PPM 070 7 PPM 071 Less than 15 PPM 150 15 PPM or more 151 30 PPM 994 Salt not tested 995 No salt in household 996 Non-resident 998 Missing SALTEST1 (HV234) reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values. The levels are grouped based on PPM (parts per million). Universal salt iodization is recommended (by the World Health Organization and UNICEF) to prevent and correct iodine deficiency disorders (including goiter, hypothyroidism, deaf-mutism, mental retardation, dwarfism, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities). However, unnecessarily high levels of iodine in salt may lead to occasional cases of hyperthyroidism. The information in SALTEST1 is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. The related variables SALTEST2 and SALTEST3 (HV234A) also report iodine levels in cooking salt, but with different groupings. IPUMS Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week 118. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat fish? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing FISHHHWK reports how many days the household ate fish, in the past week. The information in FISHHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week 117. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat meat? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MEATHHWK reports how many days the household ate meat, in the past week. The information in MEATHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased 125. What brand did you buy? SEMBA 1 DONA 2 NO BRAND SHOWN 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________6 DON'T KNOW 8 1 Semba 2 Dona 3 No brand shown 4 Other 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYBRAND reports the brand name of recently consumed maize flour that was purchased by the household. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYBRAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour 124. Where did you buy the maize flour? SHOP 1 MARKET 2 AT HAMMERMILL 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 1 Shop 2 Market 3 At hammermill 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYWHERE reports where the household bought recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour 123. Where did you get the maize flour? GROUND OWN MAIZE AT HOME 1 (GO TO 126) GROUND AT MAIZE MILL 2 (GO TO 126) BOUGHT FLOUR 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 (GO TO 126) 1 Ground own maize at home 2 Ground at maize mill 3 Bought flour 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZGOTWHERE reports where the household obtained recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZGOTWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days 122. Did anyone in the household prepare ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 126) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing MAIZUGALIWK indicates whether the household prepared ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days. Ugali is a starch dish, prepared from maize, millet, or sorghum, that is a staple food in much of Africa, eaten with a sauce or stew of vegetables or meat. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZUGALIWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping 130. Does your household have any mosquito nets that can be used while sleeping? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 141) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETHH (HV227) indicates whether the household has at least one mosquito bed net for use while household members are sleeping. The information in BEDNETHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 99 NIU (not in universe) 96 Non-resident 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing BEDNETNUM (HML1) reports how many mosquito nets were owned by the household. Responses were topcoded at 7+ bednets. Because of topcoding, the number of reported bednets cannot be meaningfully compared to the number of household members. The information in BEDNETNUM is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ No 1 All children 2 Some children 6 No net in household 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) indicates whether any, some, or all of the children in the household under age five slept under a bed net the previous night. Apart from universe differences, BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) has no comparability problems. Comparability - Standard DHS BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) is included in Phase IV forward of the standard DHS questionnaire. IPUMS Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 96 Non-resident 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDS (HML2) reports the number of children in the household who slept under a mosquito net the previous night. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information 132. ASK RESPONDENT TO SHOW YOU THE NET(S). IF MORE THAN 6 NETS, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). OBSERVED 1 NOT OBSERVED 2 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETWINF (HML1A) reports the number of mosquito nets with specific information the household has. Specific information can be related to the type (permanent/long-lasting insecticide-treated or pretreated) or the brand of the net. IPUMS Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers 120. How far is it to the nearest health facility? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) IF MORE THAN 95 KM, WRITE 95. KILOMETRES ________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing HCAREKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest health facility, in kilometers. The information in HCAREKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility 121. If you were to go to (NAME OF HOSPITAL, HEALTH CENTRE, or HEALTH POST), how would you go there? CAR/MOTORCYCLE 1 PUBLIC TRANSPORT (BUS, TAXI) 2 ANIMAL/ANIMAL CART 3 WALKING 4 BICYCLE 5 OTHER 6 96 Non-resident 98 Missing 10 Motorized transport 11 Car/motorcycle 12 Car/bus/taxi 13 Public transport (bus, taxi) 14 Motorcycle/scooter 15 Public transport plus walking 20 Animal or animal cart 21 Animal (horse, donkey, mule) 22 Animal drawn cart 30 Bicyle 40 Walking 90 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) HCARETRANSPORT reports the type of transportation the household members use (or hypothetically would use) to reach the nearest health facility. The information in HCARETRANSPORT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CURRWORK (V714) indicates whether the woman is currently working at a job or business. To distinguish employment from household labor, many surveys included a preface such as the following: "As you know, some women take up jobs for which they are paid in cash or in kind. Others sell things, have a small business or work on the family farm or in the family business." Women who have worked outside of their own housework in the last 12 months and been paid in cash, cash and in-kind, or only in-kind payments are included as working, although the survey questions vary in who receives an affirmative response. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week Woman has job from which she was absent in past week No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who did not work in the past 7 days, JOBABSENT (V714A) indicates whether the woman had a job or business from which she was temporarily absent, due to leave, illness, vacation, maternity leave, or other reasons. IPUMS Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation 00 Not currently working 10 Professional, technical, or managerial worker 20 Clerical or Sales 21 Clerical worker 22 Sales worker 30 Agricultural 31 Self-employed agricultural worker 32 Agricultural employee 40 Household, domestic, and services 41 Household and domestic worker 42 Services worker 50 Skilled and unskilled manual 51 Skilled manual worker 52 Unskilled manual worker 60 Armed forces 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKCURRJOB (V717) reports the occupation of the respondent in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broad job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for 24 For someone else 23 For someone else (unpaid) 10 Works for self 11 Self-employed 12 Employer 20 Works for someone else 21 For family member (unpaid) 22 For family member 30 Works for self and someone else 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 40 Other WHOWORKFOR (V719) indicates whether the respondent works for a family member, for someone else, or is self-employed. IPUMS Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently 00 No 10 Yes 11 Worked in the past year 12 Currently working 13 Has a job, but on leave last 7 days 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKWORKLASTYR (V731) indicates whether the respondent worked recently (i.e., was currently working, was on leave from a job in the past 7 days, or worked in the past year). IPUMS Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally 10 All year 20 Less than all year 21 Most of the year 22 Part of the year 23 Seasonally 24 Occasionally 25 Temporary 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 29 Other WKEMPLOYWHEN (V732) indicates whether the woman works throughout the year, seasonally, or occasionally. IPUMS Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Type of earnings for respondent's work Not paid 1 Paid in cash only 2 Paid in cash and in kind 3 Paid in kind only 4 Other 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNTYPE (V741) reports the type of earnings for the respondent's work. IPUMS Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation 10 Did not work 11 Not working, student or applicant 12 Unemployed 13 Student 20 Prof., Tech., Manag. 30 Clerical or Sales 31 Clerical 32 Sales 40 Agricultural, breeding, fishing, forest 41 Agriculture, self-employed 42 Agriculture, employee 50 Household, domestic, and services 51 Household and domestic 52 Services 60 Skilled and unskilled manual 61 Skilled manual 62 Unskilled manual 70 Other 71 Army 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSJOB (V705) reports the occupation of the woman's husband/partner in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broader job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings Woman's earnings relative to husband/partner's earnings 1 More than him 2 Less than him 3 About the same 4 Husband/partner has no earnings 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNSMORE (V746) indicates whether the woman earns more money, less money, or about the same amount of money as her husband/partner. IPUMS Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles 1 Poorest 2 Poorer 3 Middle 4 Richer 5 Richest 8 Missing WEALTHQ (V190) refers to the relative wealth of the household where the woman lives, divided into quintiles from the poorest (code 1) to the richest (code 5). The wealth index is defined in the DHS Recode Manuals as follows: The wealth index is a composite measure of a household's cumulative living standard. The wealth index is calculated using easy-to-use data on a household's ownership of selected assets, such as televisions and bicycles; materials used for housing construction; and types of water access and sanitation facilities. Generated with a statistical procedure known as principal components analysis, the wealth index places individual households on a continuous scale of relative wealth. DHS separates all interviewed households into five quintiles of wealth. For additional information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, users should consult the summary information about the wealth index on The DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on "The DHS Wealth Index" here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The complementary variable WEALTHS reports the wealth index factor score for the woman's household in a specific sample. WEALTHQ and WEALTHS are included on the woman's record for Phase 5 forward only. IPUMS-DHS has made available these variables for Phase 2 forward, by linking the wealth index files to the woman's individual recode files. The variables used to calculate wealth index quintiles and the level of wealth implied by a specific ranking are sample-specific. See Comparability. IPUMS Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) WEALTHS (V191) refers to the household's wealth index value generated by the product of standardized scores (z-scores) and factor coefficient scores (factor loadings) of wealth indicators. Most researchers will want to use instead the complementary variable WEALTHQ (V190), which reports quintile ranking (from poorest to richest) of the woman's household, in terms of wealth score, for a given sample. For further information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, see the description of WEALTHQ, the summary information about the wealth index on the DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on "The DHS Wealth Index" here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The variables used to calculate wealth index scores are sample-specific. See Comparability. WEALTHS (V191) is a 12-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly Woman owns house alone or jointly 10 Does not own 20 Owns alone only 30 Owns jointly 31 Owns jointly only 32 Owns both alone and jointly 40 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FEMOWNHOUSE (V745A) indicates whether the woman owns a house alone or jointly with someone else. IPUMS Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly Woman owns land alone or jointly 10 Does not own land 20 Owns alone only 30 Owns jointly 31 Owns jointly only 32 Owns both alone and jointly 40 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FEMOWNLAND (V745B) indicates whether the woman owns land alone or jointly with someone else. IPUMS Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage Literacy, based on reading passage 00 Cannot read at all 10 Reads 11 Able to read only part of sentence 12 Able to read whole sentence 20 Not ascertained (blind, diff. language) 21 No card with required language 22 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing LIT2 (V155) indicates whether the woman could read. This variable is available beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS. Persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As with LIT1 (V108), those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. For Phases 1-3 of the DHS, information on literacy was collected using a different approach, by simply asking whether the person could read (LIT1). See LITBRIG for information about using the data on literacy across all phases of the DHS. IPUMS Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable 10 Yes, reads 11 Reads easily/whole sentence 12 Reads with difficulty/part of sentence 20 No, cannot read 30 Not ascertained (blind or diff. language) 31 No card with required language 32 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LITBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on literacy. Initially, respondents were asked, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS, persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As before, those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. LITBRIG combines information from the first approach of asking about literacy (in LIT1 [V108]) and the second approach of testing literacy based on reading a sentence aloud (in LIT2 [V155]). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 8 Missing For women who ever went to school, EDUCLVL (V106) reports the highest level of school they attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who ever attended school, YRSCHL (V107) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher), as reported in EDUCLVL (V106). See Comparability. For the woman's total years of education, see EDYRTOTAL (V133). IPUMS Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education 98 Missing 97 Don't know 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Inconsistent 27 27 EDYRTOTAL (V133) reports the woman's education level in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107) as follows: If EDUCLVL = "No education," EDYRTOTAL = "0" If EDUCLVL = "Primary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL If EDUCLVL = "Secondary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + x If EDUCLVL = "Higher," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + y If EDUCLVL = "Missing," EDYRTOTAL = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 8 Missing EDACHIEVER (V149) is a summary variable that reports the woman's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. EDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107). IPUMS Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) Highest educational level (Tanzania) 00 No education 10 Pre-school 20 Primary 30 Post-primary training 40 Secondary 41 Secondary "O" level 42 Secondary "A" level 50 Post-secondary training 51 Post-secondary "O" level training 52 Post-secondary "A" level training 60 University 97 Don't know EDUCLVLTZ reports the highest level of school that the respondent attended, within the educational system of Tanzania. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania and reflects the educational system of that country. IPUMS Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) Highest year of education in level (Tanzania) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) YRSCHLTZ reports the number of years of education the respondent completed at the highest level of schooling achieved, in the Tanzanian educational system and as reported in EDUCLVLTZ. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDLVL (V701) reports the highest level of school attended by their most recent husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDLVL is a standardized variable reporting the level of education in four categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women whose most recent husband/partner had ever attended school, HUSEDYR (V702) reports the number of years of schooling completed by their husband/partner at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in HUSEDLVL (V701). For the husband's total years of education, see HUSEDYRS (V715). IPUMS Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDYRS (V715) reports the education of the woman's most recent husband/partner in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) as follows: If HUSEDLVL = "No education," HUSEDYRS = "0" If HUSEDLVL = "Primary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR If HUSEDLVL = "Secondary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + x If HUSEDLVL = "Higher," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + y If HUSEDLVL = "Missing," HUSEDYRS = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HUSEDACHIEVER (V729) is a summary variable that reports the highest level of education in broad categories for the woman's husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. HUSEDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in the HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) variables. IPUMS Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSFQ (V157) reports how often the woman usually reads a newspaper or magazine (not at all, less than once a week, once a week or more often, or almost every day). For a potentially comparable variable asking whether the woman reads the newspaper or a magazine at least once a week, see NEWSWK (V109). For a variable bridging NEWSFQ and NEWSWK, see NEWSBRIG. IPUMS Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to newspapers and magazines. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they read a newspaper or magazine at least once a week (NEWSWK (V109)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they read newspapers or magazines (NEWSFQ (V157)). NEWSBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know TVFQ (V159) reports how often the woman usually watches television (not at all, less than once a week, at least once a week, or almost every day). For a comparable variable asking whether the woman watches television at least once a week, see TVWK (V110). For a variable bridging TVFQ and TVWK (V110), see TVBRIG. IPUMS Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know TVBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to television. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they watch television at least once a week (TVWK (V110)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they watch television (TVFQ (V159)). TVBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOFQ (V158) reports how often the woman usually listens to the radio (not at all, less than once a week, at least once a week, or almost every day). For a comparable variable that asks about whether the woman listens to the radio at least once a week, see RADIOWK (V112). For a variable bridging RADIOFQ and RADIOWK (V112), see RADIOBRIG. IPUMS Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable 00 No 01 Not at all 02 Less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to the radio. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they listen to the radio at least once a week (RADIOWK (V112)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they listen to the radio (RADIOFQ (V158)). RADIOBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases 10 Woman alone 20 Woman and husband/partner 30 Woman and someone else 40 Husband/partner 50 Someone else 51 Other senior male 52 Other senior female 60 Other or not applicable 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 53 Family elders/relatives DECBIGHH (V743B) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding large household purchases. IPUMS Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives Final say on visits to family or relatives 1 Woman alone 2 Woman and husband/partner 3 Woman and someone else 4 Husband/partner 5 Someone else 6 Other or not applicable 7 Family elders/relatives 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DECFAMVISIT (V743D) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding (the woman's) visits to family or relatives. IPUMS Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings Final say on spending woman's earnings 10 Woman alone 20 Woman and husband/partner 30 Woman and someone else 40 Husband/partner 50 Someone else 51 Mother or father 52 Aunt or uncle 53 Family elders 54 Someone else, unspecified 60 Other or not applciable 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have worked in the last 12 months and were paid in cash or in cash and in kind in the last 12 months, DECFEMEARN (V739) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding how the income she earns is spent. IPUMS Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care Final say on woman's health care 1 Woman alone 2 Woman and husband/partner 3 Woman and someone else 4 Husband/partner 5 Someone else 6 Other/not applicable 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Family elders/relatives DECFEMHCARE (V743A) indicates who in the woman's household usually makes decisions regarding the woman's own healthcare. IPUMS Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 53 Never had sex 52 Declared infecund 51 Sterilized 50 Not at risk of pregnancy 40 Up to God 30 No more 20 Undecided 10 Have another For countries with low contraceptive prevalence, FERTPREF (V602) reports responses to the question, "Would you like to have a (another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children"? The standard response categories are "have another," "no more/none," "says she can't get pregnant," and "undecided or don't know." In Phase I, FERTPREF (V602), was constructed from two questions in countries with high contraceptive prevalence (Model "A" questionnaires). Women who responded that they want another child, but when asked when they would like the next child, respond that they cannot get pregnant, are classified in the "declared infecund category," and not in the "Wants another" category. Some samples also include the response "up to God." More detailed responses under the general category "says she can't get pregnant" are sometimes available. In IPUMS-DHS, all responses in the general category of "not at risk of pregnancy" share a common first digit of 5, while the second digit distinguishes between the specific reasons. In some countries, women who never had sexual intercourse (coded as "53" in IPUMS-DHS) were not asked the questions relating to their desire for future children. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 61 Desire birth in less than 2 years 60 No unmet need 53 Never had sex 52 Not in union, not sexually active 51 Infecund or menopausal 50 Not at risk 41 No sex, want to wait 40 Future need for FP 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Had FP failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED (V624) is a constructed variable that reports a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The following describes the constructed categories in more detail: Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was mistimed, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and say they want to wait two or more years for their next birth, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Unmet need for limiting includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was unwanted, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was unwanted, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and who want no more children. Met need for spacing includes women who are using some method of family planning and say they want to have another child, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Met need for limiting includes women who are using family planning and who want no more children. Note that the specific methods (modern or traditional) are not taken into account here. Met need describes women who have no need for contraceptive methods, either because they desire a child soon (within the next two years) or because they are menopausal or infecund. In high contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "A" countries), pregnant and postpartum amenorrheic women whose pregnancy was the result of a contraceptive failure are not included in the category of unmet need, but they are categorized as spacing failures or limiting failures. In low contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "B" countries), no such distinction is made, since information was not collected on contraceptive failure. Infecund women are also excluded from the unmet need categories. The "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" provides the following definitions: Fecundity: A woman is assumed to be fecund unless she declares that she is infecund, had a hysterectomy, or is menopausic. Women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic but who have not menstruated for six or more months, and married women who have not used contraception in the past five years but have not had a birth and are not pregnant, are also considered infecund. Failure to Space: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say they wanted the current pregnancy later. Failure to Limit: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say that they did not want another child before they became pregnant. Excluded from the unmet need category are women who became pregnant while using a method (these women are in need of a better method of contraception). The infecund or menopausal category on the UNMETNEED (V624) variable contains fewer cases than the EXPOSURE1 variable, because women who are categorized as infecund or menopausal, but are currently using a contraceptive method, are recorded in the two "met need" categories in UNMETNEED. UNMETNEED (V624) incorporates responses to the following variables: [EXPOSURE1/V623], which reports the woman's exposure to the risk of pregnancy, defined as pregnant, postpartum amenorrheic, menopausal or infecund, and fecund. [ V225], which reports whether a current pregnancy was wanted then, later or not at all (for women who were pregnant at the time of interview). [KIDDESIRE/V605] ,which reports whether the woman wants more children and when she would like them. [FPMETHNOW/V312] which reports the woman's current use of contraception. Users are also encouraged to see details of this variable provided in the "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 53 No sex, want to wait/not married and no sex in last 30 days 52 Never had sex 51 Infecund, menopausal 50 Not at risk for pregnancy 41 Desire birth in less than 2 yrs 40 No unmet need 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Family limitation failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED2 (V626) is a constructed variable that indicates a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. UNMETNEED2 is similar to UNMETNEED, but UNMETNEED2 differently categorizes women who are infecund or menopausal but are currently using a contraceptive method. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of UNMETNEED2 uses a definition of fecundity based on exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE2. UNMETNEED, by contrast, uses a definition of exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE1. See the descriptions of these two variables for discussion of their differences. IPUMS Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 63 Never had sex 62 Declared infecund 61 Sterilized 60 Not at risk of pregnancy 51 Up to God 50 Fatalistic response 40 Wants no more 30 Undecided 13 Wants, unsure timing 12 Wants after 2+ years 11 Wants within 2 years 10 Wants more children KIDDESIRE (V605) is a constructed variable that distinguishes between women who want another child soon (in less than two years), who want another child later (in 2+ years), who want no more children, and who aren't sure (about timing or about the number of children desired). When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of this variable has changed across phases of the DHS and varies across countries (only sometimes distinguishing between groups of women not at risk of pregnancy due to sterilization, infecundity, or virginity). To maximize comparability across samples, IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding. Women who want more children share a common first digit of 1, women not at risk of pregnancy share a common first digit of 6, and detail present in only some samples is specified in the code's second digit. IPUMS Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child 1 Wanted last child then 2 Wanted last child later 3 Wanted no more children 7 Unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLCHDESIRE (V367) reports whether the woman's last born child was wanted at the time she got pregnant, was wanted but at a later time, or was not wanted at all. The cutoff point for when the woman's last child was born varies across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy 1 Then 2 Later 3 Not at all 4 Up to God 7 Don't know/Not sure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently pregnant, PGDESIRE (V225) reports whether, at the time of becoming pregnant, the woman wanted her pregnancy then, later, or not at all. IPUMS Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 66 Number she has currently 65 Depends on husband 64 As many as possible 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 67 As many as can care for 68 Doesn't want children 99 NIU (not in universe) IDEALKID (V613) reports the ideal total number of children the woman would have liked to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing. The information is collected through hypothetical questions such as, "If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women with living children) or "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women without living children). If the woman responded with a range of values, IDEALKID reports the midpoint between those values. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "If the midpoint is not an exact number then the number is rounded up in half the cases and rounded down for the other half." The questionnaires included space for non-numeric "other" responses, such as "Up to God." When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) 8 Missing 7 Non-numeric response 6 6+ 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 [no label] 9 NIU (not in universe) Like IDEALKID, IDEALKIDGRP (V614) reports the total number of children the woman would hypothetically like to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing, but top-codes numeric responses at 6+ children and codes non-numeric responses as 7. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children Ideal number of boy children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 99 NIU (not in universe) 66 Number she has currently 69 No sex preference Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALBOYS (V627) reports how many of these children would ideally be boys. Numeric responses to IDEALBOYS (V627), IDEALGIRLS (V628), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID (V613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children Ideal number of girl children 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 God's decision/Allah's will 60 Non-numeric response 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 99 NIU (not in universe) 66 Number she has currently 69 No sex preference Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALGIRLS reports how many of these children would ideally be girls. Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLS (V628), IDEALBOYS (V627), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID (V613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex 98 Missing 97 Don't know 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 64 As many as possible 65 Depends on husband 66 Number she has currently 99 NIU (not in universe) Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKID (V613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the woman would hypothetically want to have in her whole life, IDEALBOTH (V629) reports the ideal number of children of either sex (i.e., with no gender preference). Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLS (V628), IDEALBOYS (V627), and IDEALBOTH (V629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKID. Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, number missing 989 Up to God 990 After finishing school 991 After marriage 992 When husband returns 993 After breastfeeding 994 At any time 995 Soon/now 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALBTHFUT (V616) reports how long the woman would like to wait before the birth of a/another child. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child 100 Less than one month (want now) 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, number unspecified 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years or more 299 Years, number unspecified 987 After weaning 989 After finishing school 990 When spouse returns 991 Up to God 992 After marriage 993 Any time 994 Soon or immediately 995 Other, non-numeric response 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECH (V603) reports the amount of time, in months or years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child (top-coded at 20 years). The complementary variable PREFTIMECH (V604) reports responses to the same question, but in terms of years only, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECH includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples, and the way this variable was asked and calculated also changed over time; see Comparability. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) 00 Less than 12 months 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 or more years 96 Non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECHGP (V604) reports the amount of time, in years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECHGP includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples; see Comparability. The related variable PREFTIMECH presents the same information in greater detail, in terms of months or years, top-coded at 20 years. IPUMS Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Decision-maker for using FP Mainly husband, partner 1 Mainly respondent 2 Joint decision 3 Other 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know For women using family planning, FPDECIDER (V632) reports who decided on the use of contraception (mainly the woman, mainly her partner, joint decision, or someone else). IPUMS Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children 01 Both want same 02 Husband wants more 03 Husband wants fewer 07 Don't Know 08 Missing 09 NIU (not in universe) 04 Both provided non-numeric response HUSFERTPREF (V621) reports whether the woman believes her partner wants the same number of children, more children, or fewer children than she wants. IPUMS Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP Husband knows respondent is using FP 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FPHUSKNOUS (V634) indicates whether the woman's husband or partner knows that she is using a method of family planning. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund 3 Infecund, menopausal 2 Amenorrheic 1 Pregnant Fecund 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EXPOSURE1 (V623) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to differentiate between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, these categories are actualized as follows: Pregnant women Postpartum amenorrheic women are those whose period has not returned since the last birth in the three/five years preceding the survey. Women are defined as being menopausal if they are not pregnant and not postpartum amenorrheic, are not currently using a contraceptive method, and have not had a period in the six months preceding the survey or report they are in menopause. Women are defined as being infecund if they are not menopausal and not postpartum amenorrheic and not pregnant, have had no birth in the five years preceding the survey, and either (Model "A" countries) have been continuously married and have not used contraception in the five years preceding the survey, or (Model "B" countries) have been married one time and first married five or more years before the survey and have never used contraception. Fecund women are all women not included in the preceding categories. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund 1 Pregnant 2 Amenorrheic 3 Infecund, menopausal 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Like EXPOSURE1, EXPOSURE2 (V625) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to distinguish between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. EXPOSURE2 uses a more liberal definition of infecundity than EXPOSURE1, however. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The DHS Recode Manuals explain the differences between these two variables as follows: For Model "B" countries, it is only possible to say that a woman had been continuously married throughout the preceding five years if she was in her first union. This definition has been relaxed in V625 [EXPOSURE2], such that the respondent need only have been married at least five years ago, and not continuously married throughout the last five years. For Model "A" countries, there is no change to this part of the definition. [For EXPOSURE2] Two additional variables have been used to declare a woman infecund. If the respondent said that she cannot get pregnant when asked about preferences for additional children, or if she reported that she was menopausal or had a hysterectomy when giving the reason she was not currently using a contraceptive method, the respondent is coded as infecund. Model A countries and Model B countries are defined according to whether the country based its questionnaire on the Model A or Model B standard DHS questionnaire for DHS phases one through four. In general, the Model A questionnaire was designed for use in countries with high contraceptive prevalence. Nonetheless, countries with relatively low contraceptive prevalence sometimes modeled their own questionnaire on the Model A standard questionnaire. This was the case, for example, for the Kenyan samples for 1998 and 2003 and the Malawi samples for 2000 and 2004. IPUMS Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method 00 Knows no method 10 Knows only traditional or folkloric method 11 Knows only folkloric method 12 Knows only traditional method 20 Knows modern method 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOTYP (V301) is a summary (recoded) variable indicating whether the woman knew any family planning method and, if so, whether she knew a modern method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet) that vary across samples. IPUMS Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOPILL (V304_01) indicates whether the woman knew about the Pill as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIUD (V304_02) indicates whether the woman knew about the IUD (intra-uterine device) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probe questions, an IUD was often described as "a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse." IPUMS Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOINJ (V304_03) indicates whether the woman knew about injectables as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. For the probe question, injectables were typically defined as "an injection by a doctor or nurse, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several months." IPUMS Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNODIA (V304_04) indicates whether the woman knew about the diaphragm or spermicides, such as a foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOCON (V304_05) indicates whether the woman knew about male condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFST (V304_06) indicates whether the woman knew about female sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOMST (V304_07) indicates whether the woman knew about male sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP Know about female condom for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFC (V304_14) indicates whether the woman knew about female condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP Know about implants or Norplant for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIMP (V304_11) indicates whether the woman knew about implants (such as Norplant) as a method for family planning. Implants were generally described as "small rods placed in their arm by a doctor, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several years." Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning Knows about lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOLAM (V304_13) indicates whether the woman knew about the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSLAM indicates whether the woman had ever used LAM as a means to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning Knows about emergency contraception a as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOEMRG (V304_16) indicates whether the woman knows about emergency contraception as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSEMRG indicates whether the woman had ever used emergency contraception to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, emergency contraception is often described by the following: As an emergency measure, within three days after they have unprotected sexual intercourse, women can take special pills to prevent pregnancy. IPUMS Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning Knows about foam and jelly as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFJ (V304_15) indicates whether the woman knew about spermicide, such as foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSFJ indicates whether the woman had ever used a spermicide to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOWD (V304_09) indicates whether the woman knew about withdrawal as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP 10 Yes 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNORHY (V304_08) indicates whether the woman knew about the rhythm method (periodic abstinence at the high-fertility part of the woman's menstrual cycle) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOOM (V304_10) indicates whether the woman knew about any "other" method(s) as a method of family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSOM indicates whether the woman had ever used any "other" method(s) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in this case depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method Told about side effects of FP method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUREFF (V3A02) indicates whether the woman was told by anyone about potential side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCURDEAL indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with these side effects. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03), which indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by a health or family planning worker. IPUMS Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method Told how to deal with side effects of FP method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) FPCURDEAL (V3A04) indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with the side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCUREFF (V3A02) indicates whether the woman was told about the sides effects in general. FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03) indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by a health/family planning worker. IPUMS Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker Told about side effects by family planning worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUREFFWKR (V3A03) indicates whether the woman was told by a health or family planning worker about potential side effects of her current contraceptive method when she first obtained it. The related variable FPCURDEAL indicates whether the woman was told how to deal with these side effects. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUREFF (V3A02), which indicates whether the woman was told about side effects by anyone. IPUMS Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods Told about other FP methods No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUROM (V3A05) indicates whether the woman was told by anyone about other potential contraceptive methods she could use when she first obtained her current method. Universes vary across samples; see Comparability. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUROMWKR (V3A06), which indicates whether the woman was told about other potential methods by a health or family planning worker. IPUMS Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker Ever told about other family planning methods by FP worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCUROMWKR (V3A06) indicates whether the woman was told by a health or family planning worker about other potential contraceptive methods she could use when she first obtained her current method. Universes vary across samples; see Comparability. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPCUROM (V3A05), which indicates whether the woman was told about other potential methods by anyone. IPUMS Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) 00 No method 10 Folkloric or traditional method 11 Folkloric method 12 Traditional method 20 Modern method 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPNOW (V313) indicates whether the woman is currently using a modern, traditional, or folkloric method of contraception. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method 10 Currently using 20 Ever used, but not currently using 21 Used since last birth 22 Used before last birth 30 Never used 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPATRN (V361) reports the woman's pattern of contraceptive use by indicating whether she is currently using, has used in the past, or has never used contraception. IPUMS Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP 000 Not using 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/Implants 104 Condom 105 Female Condom 106 Female Sterilization 107 Male Sterilization 110 Injections 111 Injection (3 monthly) 112 Injection (monthly) 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 121 Diaphragm 122 Diaphragm/Foam 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 124 Foam or Jelly 125 Foaming tablets 126 Vaginal methods 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 140 Emergency contraception 150 Other modern method 151 Contraceptive patch 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle Beads/Standard days method 213 Abstinence 214 Mucus method 215 Natural family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 230 Other traditional/folkloric 231 Herbs/Plants 232 Gris-Gris/Amulet 233 Astrology 234 Strings 300 OTHER METHOD, UNSPECIFIED 301 Other specific method 1 302 Other specific method 2 303 Other specific method 3 304 Other specific method 4 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FPMETHNOW (V312) reports the contraceptive method the woman is currently using. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. See FPEVUSE for more information on broad categories of contraception. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill FP method currently used: Pill 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes No 7 Don't know For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant and who ever used the Pill, FPNOWUSPILL (V307_01) indicates whether the woman is now using the Pill. IPUMS FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections FP method currently used: Injections No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSINJ (V307_03) indicates whether the woman is now using injectable contraception. IPUMS FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSIUD (V307_02) indicates whether the woman is now using an IUD. IPUMS FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSIMP (V307_11) indicates whether the woman is now using a contraceptive implant, such as Norplant, to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSFST (V307_06) indicates whether the woman is now using female sterilization. IPUMS FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSMST (V307_07) indicates whether the woman is now using male sterilization. IPUMS FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSDIA (V307_04) indicates whether the woman is now using the diaphragm. IPUMS FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSCON (V307_05) indicates whether the woman is now using the male condom. IPUMS FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom FP method currently used: Female condom No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSFC (V307_14) indicates whether the woman is now using the female condom to delay or avoid getting pregnant. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNOWUSCON, which refers to the male condom. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly FP method currently used: Foam and jelly No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSFJ (V307_15) indicates whether the woman is now using a spermicide, such as foam or jelly, to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSLAM (V307_13) indicates whether the woman is now using the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSEMRG indicates whether the woman is now using a form of emergency contraception to delay or avoid getting pregnant. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm FP method currently used: Rhythm No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSRHY (V307_08) indicates whether the woman is now using rhythm (periodic abstinence). IPUMS FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently doing something to delay or avoid getting pregnant, FPNOWUSWD (V307_09) indicates whether the woman is now using withdrawal. IPUMS FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPNOWUSOM (V307_10) indicates whether the woman is now using some "other" contraceptive method to delay or avoid getting pregnant. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in FPMETHNOW (V312), which reports the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method Month of calendar year when started using current FP method 98 Missing 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTMO (V315) reports the month of the calendar year when they first started using their current method. The year when the woman first started using her current method is reported in FPCURSTYR (V316). IPUMS Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method Year when started using current FP method 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 2013 2013 2012 2012 2011 2011 2010 2010 2009 2009 2008 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006 2005 2005 2004 2004 2003 2003 2002 2002 2001 2001 2000 2000 1999 1999 1998 1998 1997 1997 1996 1996 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1970 1970 1971 1971 1960 1960 2017 2017 For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTYR (V316) reports the year when they first started using their current method. The calendar month when the woman first started using her current method is reported in FPCURSTMO (V315). IPUMS Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) Date when started using current FP method (CMC) 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using family planning, FPCURSTCMC (V317) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date when the woman started using her current method. IPUMS Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method Completeness of information: Start date of current method 1 Month and year given 5 Month imputed, year given 7 Month given, year imputed (date placed) 8 No information given (date placed) 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCURCOMP (V318) reports the completeness of information about the start date of the woman's current contraceptive method. IPUMS Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method 000 0 months 001 1 month 002 2 months 003 3 months 004 4 months 005 5 months 006 6 months 007 7 months 008 8 months 009 9 months 010 10 months 011 11 months 012 12 months 013 13 months 014 14 months 015 15 months 016 16 months 017 17 months 018 18 months 019 19 months 020 20 months 021 21 months 022 22 months 023 23 months 024 24 months 025 25 months 026 26 months 027 27 months 028 28 months 029 29 months 030 30 months 031 31 months 032 32 months 033 33 months 034 34 months 035 35 months 036 36 months 037 37 months 038 38 months 039 39 months 040 40 months 041 41 months 042 42 months 043 43 months 044 44 months 045 45 months 046 46 months 047 47 months 048 48 months 049 49 months 050 50 months 051 51 months 052 52 months 053 53 months 054 54 months 055 55 months 056 56 months 057 57 months 058 58 months 059 59 months 060 60 months 061 61 months 062 62 months 063 63 months 064 64 months 065 65 months 066 66 months 067 67 months 068 68 months 069 69 months 070 70 months 071 71 months 072 72 months 073 73 months 074 74 months 075 75 months 076 76 months 077 77 months 078 78 months 079 79 months 080 80 months 081 81 months 082 82 months 083 83 months 084 84 months 085 85 months 086 86 months 087 87 months 088 88 months 089 89 months 090 90 months 091 91 months 092 92 months 093 93 months 094 94 months 095 95 months 096 96 or more months 995 All calendar years 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a contraceptive method, FPCURNOMO (V337) reports the number of months they have been continuously using their current method. Starting in Phase II, there are differences in the way these data are reported between Model "A" and Model "B" countries, due to the inclusion of a detailed calendar of events in the five years preceding the interview in Model "A" questionnaires. For Model "B" questionnaires, any response greater than 8 years is topcoded at "96." However, for Model "A" questionnaires, the maximum duration of use that could be recorded is the entire length of the calendar (i.e., 5 years). IPUMS First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method First source for contraception for current method 5560 Community Center 4213 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3309 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3308 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA 3307 Family Planning Association of Nepal 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 2425 Homeopath 2330 Private Sangini outlet 1909 Condom box 1438 Primary health center outreach clinic 0000 No one 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Regional/provincial hospital 1140 Urban hospital 1150 District/rural hospital 1151 District hospital 1152 Rural hospital 1160 Category I hospital 1170 Category II hospital 1180 University/teaching hospital 1181 University hospital 1182 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Family welfare center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Category I health center 1290 Category II health center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planninc clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1430 Government health worker 1431 Fieldworker 1432 Lady health worker (LHW) 1433 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1434 Community-based distribution agent 1435 Community/village health worker 1436 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1437 Nurse 1500 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1600 Government maternity home 1610 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health box 1903 Health station/clinic 1904 Health office 1905 Community clinic 1906 Health insurance organization 1907 Curative care organization 1908 Youth facility 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Specialized hospital 2112 District hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Polyclinic 2122 Clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Qualified doctor 2220 Traditional doctor 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Fieldworker 2422 Community-based distribution agent 2423 Community/village health worker 2424 Nurse 2500 Private health center 2510 VCT center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Medical office 2902 Care room 2903 Tent 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Community-based outlet 3200 NGO health worker 3210 NGO community-based distributor 3220 NGO fieldworker 3230 NGO depot holder 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 AMO Congo 3302 Egypt FP association 3303 CSI project 3304 BLM 3305 MACRO 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious mobile clinic 4400 Religious door-to-door 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5111 General dealer 5112 Supermarket 5113 Tuck shop 5114 Service station 5120 Kiosk 5130 Gas station 5190 Other retail 5200 Relative/friend 5210 Partner 5300 Church/mosque 5400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 5410 Bar/nightclub 5411 Bar 5420 Hotel 5500 Other institution 5510 School 5520 Youth center 5530 Workplace 5600 Media 5610 Family planning campaign 5700 Traditional practitioner 5710 Hakim 5720 Traditional birth attendant (TBA) 5800 Informal channels 5810 Drug vendor 5820 Public toilet 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1190 Military hospital 1412 Sub-center or sub-post 1620 Rural maternity clinic 3140 Red Cross 3150 Marie Stopes 3160 Population Services International (PSI) 3170 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3306 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 4900 Other religious 5540 Charity/foundation 5550 Refugee camp FPKNOW1SRC (V3A07) reports the first source for the respondent's current method of contraception. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed 6903 Community center 3306 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 0000 NO ONE 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 National hospital 1111 Referral/specialty hospital 1112 National/central hospital 1113 Military hospital 1114 Day hospital 1120 Provincial/regional hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 University/teaching hospital 1171 University hospital 1172 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Basic health center 1260 Integrated health center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Family welfare center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1330 Family planning clinic CBD 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1412 Sub-center 1413 Sub-health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1421 Mobile PHC clinic 1430 Government health professional 1431 Doctor 1432 Nurse 1433 Paramedic 1440 Government health worker 1434 Community-based distributor (CBD) 1435 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1436 Male mobilizer 1437 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1438 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1450 Government outreach clinic 1451 Primary health care outreach clinic 1452 Satellite clinic/EPI outreach 1453 Community clinic 1454 Rural/municipal clinic 1460 Camp 1470 Household visit 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1520 Rural maternity 1530 Anganwadi/ICDS center 1600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1610 Government pharmacy 1611 Community pharmacy 1620 Government dispensary 1900 Other public 1901 Clinic 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Health home 1904 Health office 1905 Health insurance organization 1906 Parastatal health facility 1907 Youth center 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Private specialty hospital 2112 Private district hospital 2113 Private university hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Private polyclinic 2122 Private clinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary/drug store 2210 Private pharmacy 2220 Private dispensary 2230 Private chemist/drug store 2231 Private chemist 2232 Private drug store 2240 Private mobile drug vendor 2300 Private doctor's office 2310 Qualified doctor 2320 Traditional/unqualified doctor 2330 Private practice 2331 Private care room 2332 Private infirmiry 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Private field worker 2422 Private community/village health worker 2423 Private community-based distributor 2424 Private paramedic 2425 Private hakim/homeopath 2426 Private traditional healer 2427 Private traditional birth attendant (TBA) 2428 Private nurse 2500 Private health center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2610 Injectables outlet 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Tent 2902 VCT center 3000 NGO SECTOR 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Marie Stopes facility 3131 Banja la Mtsogolo (BLM) 3140 Red Cross facility 3150 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3160 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) 3170 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Field worker 3230 Community-based distributor 3300 Country-specific NGO 3301 Amo-Congo 3302 Clinical Services Improvement (CSI) 3303 Malawi AIDS Counselling and Resource Organization (MACRO) 3304 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 3305 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3900 Other NGO 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious outreach 4310 Religious health post 4320 Religious mobile clinic 4330 Religious health worker 4331 Religious field worker 4900 Other religious 5000 UNSPECIFIED MEDICAL SECTOR 5100 Pharmacy/dispensary 5110 Pharmacy 5120 Dispensary 5200 Outreach 5210 Mobile clinic 5220 Health worker 5221 Field worker 5222 Traditional healer 5223 Health educator 5224 Peer educators 5230 Outreach clinic 5900 Other unspecified medical sector 5901 Media campaign 6000 OTHER 6100 Shop/market 6110 Shop 6111 General dealer 6112 Supermarket/tuck shop 6113 Supermarket 6114 Tuck shop 6120 Market 6130 Kiosk 6140 Gas station 6150 Other retail 6200 Church/mosque 6300 Friend/relative 6310 Friend 6320 Relative 6321 Partner 6400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 6410 Bar/nightclub 6411 Bar 6420 Hotel 6500 Workplace 6510 Respondent's workplace 6520 Partner's workplace 6600 Informal channels 6610 Drug vendor 6620 Support group 6630 Women's sittings 6700 Location for adolescents 6710 Youth center 6720 School 6900 Other facility 6901 Refugee camp 6902 Charity/foundation 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCD (V326) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Church, Shop, friends, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Govt Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinic/Pharm For women using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCS (V327) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into a few standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) Brand of condom used (Tanzania) 1 Salama 2 MSD 3 Dume 4 Rough Rider 5 Familia 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using condoms, FPCONBRANDTZ (V323ATZ) reports the brand name of the condom that the respondent currently uses. This variable is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used 4203 Emkit 3112 Triella 2215 TriNovum 2114 Stediril 1241 Rigevidon 1240 Brevinor 1239 Lusiaf 1129 Yasmin 1128 Triquilar 1127 Trinordial 2113 " 1242 NewFem 1000 LOW-DOSE PILLS 1100 International brands 1101 Adepal 1102 Choice 1103 Cilest 1104 Combination-3 1105 Confidence 1106 Diane 1107 Duofem 1108 Eugynon 1109 Famila 28 1110 Femicon 1111 Gracial 1112 Lo-femenal 1113 Logynon 1114 Marvelon 1115 Microgynon 1116 Minidril 1117 Miniphase 1118 Nordette 1119 Norminest 1120 Norquest 1121 Novodol 1122 Oralcon F 1123 Ortho-Novum 1124 Pilplan 1125 Planif 1126 Planyl 1200 Country-specific brands 1201 Nogestol 1202 Desolon 1203 Femipill 1204 Maya 1205 Noret-28 1206 Ovacon 1207 Shuki 1208 Harmonie (PSI) 1209 Varnoline 1210 Microcept 1211 Microvlar 1212 Triocept 1213 Trivolar 1214 Style/Trigestrel 1215 Secure 1216 Microlite 1217 Apsara 1218 Ecroz 1219 Mala-D 1220 Mala-N 1221 Novelon 1222 Ovral L 1223 Pearl 1224 Anteovin 1225 Belara 1226 Gracial 1227 Loestrin 1228 Mawelon 1229 Norimin 1230 Femiplan 1231 Conova 30 1232 Trigynon 1233 OK pills 1234 Sure 1235 Feminyl 1236 Nilocon White 1237 Sunaulo Gulaf 1900 Unspecified low-dose pills 2000 HIGH-DOSE PILLS 2100 International brands 2101 Anovlar 2102 Gynovlar 2103 Lyndiol 2104 Microgynon 30 ED 2105 Milli Anovlar 2106 Neogynon 2107 Neogynon ED 2108 Nordiol 2109 Norquentiel 2110 Ovidon 2111 Ovral 2112 Ovulen 50 2200 Country-specific brands 2201 Combination-5 2202 Lynes 2203 Ovostat 2204 Regumen 2205 Novell-duo 2206 Gynera 2207 Primovlar 2208 Duoluton-L 2209 Ovral G 2210 Progyluton 2211 Gynovlane 2212 Ovanon 2213 Ovidon 2214 Triphasit 2900 Unspecified high-dose pill 3000 PROGESTIN-ONLY PILLS 3100 International brands 3101 Exluton/Lynestrenol 3102 Femulen 3103 Microlut 3104 Micronor 3105 Micronovum 3106 Microval 3107 " 3108 Minovlar 3109 Noriday 3110 Ovrette 3111 Safe Plan 3200 Country-specific brands 3201 Bredicon 3202 Minicon 3203 Levonor 3204 Hyan 3205 I-plan 3206 Primolut N 3207 Cerazette 3208 Planor 3209 Softsure 4000 EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION 4100 International brands 4200 Country-specific brands 4201 Gravistal 4202 Postinor 4900 Unspecified emergency contraception 5000 NON-HORMONAL PILLS 5100 International brands 5200 Country-specific brands 5201 Centron 5202 Saheli 6000 UNSPECIFIED/UNKNOWN PILLS 6100 International brands 6101 Today (sponge) 6200 Country-specific brands 6201 Khoshi 6202 Aco 6203 Cotrablan 6204 Microvior 30 6205 Stero 6206 Blue 6207 Hot 6208 Kamal (foam) 6209 N/M tablets 6210 Nofian 6211 Period oil 6212 Sacharin 6213 Skill 6214 Moti 6215 Subitha 6216 Fingers 6217 Sutura 6218 Menstrogen (injection) 6219 Norvolain 6220 Flexi P 6221 Marutton 6900 Other unspecified/unknown pills 6901 Unspecified private brand 6902 Unspecified public brand 6903 Unspecified social marketing brand 9995 Other 9996 Not able to show 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLBRAND (V323) reports the brand name of the Pill that the respondent currently uses. IPUMS FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention 1 Using modern method 2 Using traditional method 3 Non-user intending to use 4 Does not intend to use 9 NIU (not in universe) 5 Never had sex FPUSINTENT (V364) is a constructed variable drawing on responses to multiple survey questions that divides women into the following categories: those who are currently using a contraceptive method (either modern or traditional); those who are not now using contraception but intend to do so in the future; those who are neither using contraception now nor intend to do so in the future; and (in a minority of samples) those who never had sex. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review FPMETHNOW and FPUSPLAN for additional information on the variables used to construct FPUSINTENT. IPUMS Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future 10 Will use in future 11 Use in next 12 months 12 Use later 20 Unsure about future use 21 Unsure about timing 22 Unsure about use 30 Does not intend to use 40 Never had sex 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPLAN (V362) is a constructed variable based on multiple survey questions that reports, for women not currently using contraception, whether the woman intends to use contraception in the future and, if so, when she intends to begin use (in the next 12 months or later). Women uncertain about future contraceptive use are subdivided into those who are unsure about using a method and those unsure about the timing of planned future use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) 7 50 - 54 years old 1 Less than 25 years old 2 25 - 29 years old 3 30 - 34 years old 4 35 - 39 years old 5 40 - 44 years old 6 45 - 49 years old 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILAGE (V320) reports their age at the time of their sterilization operation. IPUMS Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 or more 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILPAR (V322) reports the parity of the women at the time of their sterilization, top-coded at 5+ children. IPUMS Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Single, before marriage 1 0 - 4 years 2 5 - 9 years 3 10 - 14 years 4 15 - 19 years 5 20 - 24 years 6 25 - 29 years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERMARDUR (V321) reports, in 5-year groups, the women's marital duration at the time of their sterilization. IPUMS Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization 1 Less than 2 years 2 2 - 3 years 3 4 - 5 years 4 6 - 7 years 5 8 - 9 years 6 10 or more years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERYRAGO (V319) reports the number of years since their sterilization operation, using 2-year groups, top-coded at 10+ years. IPUMS Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months 8 Missing 1 Yes No 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPHOMVISITY (V393) indicates whether the woman was visited by a health worker who talked to her about family planning in the 12 months preceding the interview. IPUMS Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months Visited health facility for any reason in past 12 months 8 Missing 1 Yes No 9 NIU (not in universe) FPHCVISITY (V394) indicates whether the woman visited a health facility for any reason in the past 12 months. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning At health facility told of family planning No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had visited a health facility in the past year, FPHCTALKFP (V395) indicates whether any staff there talked to them about family planning. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, only once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) FPRADIOHR (V384A) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on the radio in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Acceptability of FP message on radio Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPRADIOOK (V366A) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on the radio to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTVHR (V384B) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on television in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Acceptability of FP message on TV Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPTVOK (V366B) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on television to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNEWSHR (V384C) indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages in a newspaper or magazine. IPUMS Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet Seen FP message on poster or pamphlet No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPPOSTHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages on a poster. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse Heard about family planning: Doctor or nurse No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPMDRNHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages from a doctor or nurse. The related variable FPHEALTHWKHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages from a health worker or health professional. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker Heard about family planning: Health worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPHEALTHWKHR indicates whether the woman has recently heard family planning messages from a health worker or health professional. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings Heard about family planning: Community meetings No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPCOMMHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages at a community event or meeting. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama Heard about family planning: Theater/play/drama No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPPLAYHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen or heard family planning messages in a live drama, play, or theater performance. IPUMS Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard Heard about family planning: Sign/billboard No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPSIGNHR indicates whether the woman has recently seen family planning messages on a sign, billboard, mural, or similar medium. IPUMS Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married Reason not using method: Not married No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTMAR (V3A08A) indicates whether they reported "not married" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex Reason not using method: Not having sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTNOSEX (V3A08B) indicates whether they reported "not having sex" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex Reason not using method: Infrequent sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTINSEX (V3A08C) indicates whether they reported "infrequent sex" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy Reason not using method: Menopausal or hysterectomy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTMENO (V3A08D) indicates whether they reported "menopausal or hysterectomy" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund Reason not using method: Subfecund or infecund No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTINF (V3A08E) indicates whether they reported "subfecund or infecund" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic Reason not using method: Postpartum amenorrheic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTAMEN (V3A08F) indicates whether they reported "postpartum amenorrheic" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding Reason not using method: Breastfeeding No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTBSTFD (V3A08G) indicates whether they reported "breastfeeding" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic Reason not using method: Fatalistic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTFATE (V3A08H) indicates whether they reported "fatalistic" or "up to God" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed Reason not using method: Respondent opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPR (V3A08I) indicates whether the respondent herself reported being opposed to use in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed Reason not using method: Husband or partner opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPH (V3A08J) indicates whether they reported "husband/partner opposed" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed Reason not using method: Others opposed No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOPPO (V3A08K) indicates whether they reported "others opposed" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition Reason not using method: Religious prohibition No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTRELIG (V3A08L) indicates whether they reported "religious prohibition" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method Reason not using method: Knows no contraceptive method No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTKNO (V3A08M) indicates whether they reported not knowing a method in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives Reason not using method: Knows no source of contraceptives No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSRC (V3A08N) indicates whether they reported not knowing a source in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns Reason not using method: Health concerns No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTHLTH (V3A08O) indicates whether they reported "health concerns" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects Reason not using method: Fear of side effects No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSIDEF (V3A08P) indicates whether they reported "fear of side effects" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns Reason not using method: Fear of side effects or health concerns No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTSDHLTH indicates whether they reported "fear of side effects" and/or "health concerns" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far Reason not using method: Lack of access or too far No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTFAR (V3A08Q) indicates whether they reported "lack of access or too far" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much Reason not using method: Costs too much No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTCOST (V3A08R) indicates whether they reported "costs too much" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use Reason not using method: Inconvenient to use No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTCONV (V3A08S) indicates whether they reported "inconvenient to use" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes Reason not using method: Interferes with body's natural processes No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTBODY (V3A08T) indicates whether they reported "interferes with body's normal processes" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason Reason not using method: Other reason No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTOTH (V3A08X) indicates whether they reported some other reason in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know Reason not using method: Don't know No 1 Yes, does not know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception and are at risk of pregnancy, FPYNOTDK (V3A08Z) indicates whether they reported "don't know" in response to an open-ended question about reasons for not using contraception. Due to universe differences and the use of supplemental programming, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) reports whether the Pill is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) reports whether the intrauterine device (IUD) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) reports whether injectable contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) reports whether diaphragm or spermicides, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCON (V304A_05) reports whether the male condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPCON (V304A_05) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPFST (V304A_06) reports whether female sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPFST (V304A_06) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPMST (V304A_07) reports whether male sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPMST (V304A_07) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) reports whether the rhythm method (periodic abstinence) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPWD (V304A_09) reports whether withdrawal is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPWD (V304A_09) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants Type of method: Implants or norplants 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPIMP (V304A_11) reports whether the contraceptive implant (such as Norplant) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIMP (V304A_11) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea (prolonged breastfeeding) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPLAM (V304A_13) reports whether the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. How lactational amenorrhea was characterized varies across samples; see Comparability and Codes. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPLAM (V304A_13) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFC (V304A_14) reports whether the female condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPFC (V304A_14) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly Type of method: Foam and jelly 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFJ (V304A_15) reports whether spermicide, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPFJ (V304A_15) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPEMERG reports whether emergency contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPEMERG and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPOM (V304A_10) reports whether any "other" method reported by the woman is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPOM (V304A_10) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital Source of family planning for non-users: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBHOS (V3A00A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public hospital as a source for family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center Source of family planning for non-users: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBHC (V3A00B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public health center as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker Source of family planning for non-users: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPUBFW (V3A00E) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "public fieldworker" as a source of family planning. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPRIVFW ("fieldworker" under the private medical sector category). IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic Source of family planning for non-users: Private hospital or clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVHOS (V3A00J) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a private hospital or clinic as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center Source of family planning for non-users: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "private health center" as a source of family planning. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBHC ("health center" under the "Public Sector" header). IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of family planning for non-users: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONPRIVDRUG (V3A00K) indicates whether they reported, in response to an open-ended question, a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBDRUG and FPNONOTHDRUG, which refer to public drug sources and informal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel Source of family planning for non-users: Bar/nightclub or hotel No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONBAR indicates whether they reported a bar, nightclub, or hotel as a source of family planning in response to an open-ended question. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative Source of family planning for non-users: Friend or relative No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONFRND indicates whether they reported, in response to an open-ended question, a friend or relative as a source of family planning. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk Source of family planning for non-users: Shop or kiosk No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONSHOP (V3A00S) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a shop as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified Source of family planning for non-users: Other source, unspecified No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONOTHER (V3A00X) indicates whether they reported some "other" source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from FPNONPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and FPNONPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). This variable includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source Source of family planning for non-users: Does not know a source No, knows at least one source 1 Yes, knows no source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONDK (V3A00Y) indicates whether they did not know of any source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. IPUMS Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source Source of family planning for non-users: Knows any source No, knows no source 1 Yes, knows at least one source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using a method of contraception, FPNONANY (V3A00Z) indicates whether they knew any source when asked an open-ended question about where family planning can be obtained. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public regional hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public regional hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ1 is combined with FPNONTZ2 (district hospital), and FPNONTZ3 (referral hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ1 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public district hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ2 is combined with FPNONTZ1 (regional hospital), and FPNONTZ3 (referral hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ2 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Public referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a public referral hospital as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ3 is combined with FPNONTZ1 (regional hospital), and FPNONTZ2 (district hospital) in FPNONPUBHOS for the 2010 Tanzanian sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ3 are encouraged to review FPNONPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Pharmacy, unspecified (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ10 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a pharmacy as a source of family planning. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ10 is combined with FPNONTZ11 (private dispensary) in FPNONPRIVDRUG for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ10 are encouraged to review FPNONPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Source of FP for non-users: Private dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who are not currently using a contraceptive method, FPNONTZ11 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a "private dispensary" as a source of family planning. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FPNON" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FPNONTZ11 is combined with FPNONTZ10 (private pharmacy) in FPNONPRIVDRUG for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FPNONTZ11 are encouraged to review FPNONPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS Heard of AIDS No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDSHEARD (V751) indicates whether the woman has heard of AIDS. IPUMS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have AIDS No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDHEALTHY (V756) indicates whether the woman thinks it is possible for a healthy-looking person to have HIV/AIDS. IPUMS Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes, keep it a secret No AIDFAMSECRET (V777) indicates whether the woman would want an HIV/AIDS infection in her family to remain a secret. IPUMS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS Willing to care for relative who has AIDS No 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes AIDCAREREL (V778) indicates whether the woman would be willing to care for a relative with AIDS in her own household. IPUMS Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching Should female teacher with HIV, but not sick, continue teaching 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDLETTCHF (V779) indicates whether the woman thinks a female teacher with HIV/AIDS should be allowed to continue teaching. See Comparability. IPUMS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS Would buy vegetables from vendor with AIDS No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETVENDOR (V825) indicates whether the woman would buy vegetables from a vendor with HIV/AIDS. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means Get AIDS from: Witchcraft or supernatural means 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDGETWITCH (V823) indicates whether the woman believes AIDS can be contracted through witchcraft or supernatural means. Not all surveys specifically use the term "witchcraft" in the question. See Comparability. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites Get AIDS from: Mosquito bites No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETBITE (V754JP) indicates whether, in response to a yes/no question, the respondent believes that AIDS can be transmitted through mosquito bites. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in AIDTHRUBITE, which indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the respondent stated that AIDS can be transmitted through mosquito bites. IPUMS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS Get AIDS from: Sharing food with person with AIDS 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDGETFOOD (V754WP) indicates whether the woman believes AIDS can be transmitted through sharing food (or dining utensils) with an infected person. IPUMS Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks having only 1 sex partner reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AID1PARLOWRYN (V754DP) indicates whether the woman believes having sex with only one partner who has no other sex partners reduces the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. For a similar variable asked as an open-ended question, see AID1PARLOWR (V754D). IPUMS Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) Thinks always using a condom reduces AIDS risk (yes/no) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDCONLOWRYN (V754CP) indicates whether the woman believes using a condom during sex reduces risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. For a similar variable asked as an open-ended question, see AIDCONLOWR (V754C). IPUMS Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid AIDS transmission to baby during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDKNOPREGDRG (V824) indicates whether the woman knows of medicine that helps prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS from mother to child during pregnancy. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During delivery 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANDELIV (V774B) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during delivery as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no question format, some surveys used an open-ended question instead. See Comparability. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: Breastfeeding 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANFEED (V774C) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during breastfeeding as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no format, some surveys used an open-ended question instead. See Comparability. IPUMS How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy How AIDS transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTRANPREG (V774A) indicates whether the woman acknowledged transmission during pregnancy as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no question format, some surveys used an open-ended question. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS Ever been tested for AIDS 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don’t know AIDTESTEV (V781) indicates whether the respondent has ever been tested for HIV/AIDS. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child During antenatal visit talked about: HIV transmitted mother to child 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDANTALK (V838A) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given information during antenatal care about HIV transmission from mother to child. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Preventing getting HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDANTALKPREV (V838B) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given any information during antenatal care about things to do to prevent getting the AIDS virus. IPUMS During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV During antenatal visit talked about: Getting tested for HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No AIDTANTALK (V838C) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) talked to anyone or were given information during antenatal care about getting tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care Offered HIV test as part of antenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTANOFFER (V839) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) were offered a test for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care. IPUMS Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit Tested for HIV as part of antenatal visit 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don't know AIDTANCARE (V840) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care. IPUMS Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care Got results of HIV test as part of antenatal care 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No AIDTANGOTRES (V841) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last three to five years before the survey) and were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care received the results of that test. IPUMS Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care Place for last AIDS test as antenatal care 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 Military hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Community health center 1220 Urban health center 1230 Rural health center 1240 Integrated health center 1250 Ambulatory treatment center 1260 Category I health center 1270 Category II health center 1280 Primary health center 1300 Government STI or HIV/AIDS center 1310 Government VCT center 1311 Government stand-alone VCT center 1312 Government mobile VCT/survey team 1320 Government screening center 1330 National AIDS Control Program (NACP) 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government outreach 1510 Government mobile clinic 1520 Government health post 1530 Government health worker 1531 Field worker 1532 Community health worker 1533 Trained government health worker 1534 Health surveillance assistant 1535 Door-to-door 1600 Government maternity home 1610 Prevention of vertical transmission (PVT) 1620 Rural maternity home 1700 Government school-based facility 1710 School clinic 1720 School dispensary 1730 Youth center 1800 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Blood donation center 1902 Health home 1903 Health clinic/polyclinic 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic or doctor 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private doctor/clinic 2130 Private polyclinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2300 Private STI or HIV/AIDS center 2310 Private VCT center 2311 Private stand-alone VCT center 2312 Private mobile VCT/survey team 2313 New Start center 2320 HIV/AIDS treatment center 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2522 Private field worker 2600 Private outreach 2610 Private mobile clinic 2620 Private health worker 2621 Private community health worker 2700 Private maternity home 2800 Private school-based facility 2810 School clinic 2820 School dispensary 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Private laboratory 2902 Private blood transfusion services 2903 Private youth center 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 International Red Cross 3120 Marie Stopes International 3130 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 BLM 3302 MACRO 3303 TASO 3304 AIC 3305 AMASOT (Chad) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS 4100 Religious hospital 4110 Referral/specialty hospital 4120 District hospital 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious outreach 4410 Religious health post 4420 Religious mobile clinic 4430 Religious door-to-door 4900 Other religious 5000 OTHER 5001 Home 5002 Workplace 5003 Correctional facility 5004 Fieldworker 5005 Friend/relative 5006 Military base 5007 Community support group 5008 Bar 5009 Church 5010 Shop 5011 Community pharmacy/health center 9000 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who recently gave birth and were tested for the HIV/AIDS virus as part of their antenatal care, AIDTLASTANTE (V842) indicates where they took the test. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. IPUMS Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test Tested for HIV since antenatal visit test No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTSINCEAN (V843) indicates whether women who gave birth recently (last two to five years before the survey) and were tested for the AIDS virus as part of antenatal care had been tested again since then. IPUMS Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test Received results from last HIV test 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who had been tested for the AIDS virus, AIDLTGOTRES indicates whether they received the result of their last AIDS test. IPUMS Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken Place where last HIV/AIDS test was taken 4900 Other religious 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Ambulatory treatment center 1270 Category I health center 1280 Category II health center 1290 Primary health center 1300 Government STI or HIV/AIDS center 1310 Government VCT center 1311 Government stand-alone VCT center 1312 Government mobile VCT/survey team 1320 Government screening center 1330 STI clinic 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government outreach 1510 Government mobile clinic 1520 Government health post 1530 Government health worker 1531 Field worker 1532 Community health worker 1533 Trained government health worker 1534 Health surveillance assistant 1535 Door-to-door 1540 Government outreach clinic 1541 Primary health care outreach clinic 1600 Government maternity home 1700 Government school-based clinic/dispensary 1800 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Blood donation center 1902 Government laboratory 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic or doctor 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private doctor/clinic 2130 Private polyclinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2300 Private STI or HIV/AIDS center 2310 Private VCT center 2311 Private stand-alone VCT center 2312 Private mobile VCT/survey team 2313 New Start center 2320 HIV/AIDS treatment center 2330 STI clinic 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2600 Private outreach 2610 Private mobile clinic 2620 Private health worker 2621 Private community health worker 2522 Private field worker 2700 Private maternity home 2800 Private school-based clinic/dispensary 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Private laboratory 2902 Private blood transfusion services 2903 Private youth center 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 International Red Cross 3120 Marie Stopes International 3200 NGO health worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 BLM 3302 MACRO 3303 TASO 3304 AIC 3305 Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA) 3306 International Nepal Fellowship (INF) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS 4100 Religious hospital 4110 Referral/specialty hospital 4120 District hospital 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious outreach 4410 Religious health post 4420 Religious mobile clinic 4430 Religious door-to-door 5000 OTHER 5001 Home 5002 School 5003 Workplace 5004 Correctional facility 5005 Fieldworker 5006 Friend/relative 5007 Military base 5008 Community support group 9000 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1521 Sub-center or sub-post 1903 Government health home 2530 Private health post 2904 Private diagnostic clinic 3130 Population Services International (PSI) 5009 Church 5010 Shop 1170 Military hospital 1340 National AIDS Control Program (NACP) 1610 Rural maternity home 1904 Government health clinic 1905 Polyclinic 2410 Private health center 2420 Corporate health center 3307 AMASOT (Chad) 5011 Community pharmacy/health center 5012 Community VCT For women ever been tested for HIV/AIDS, ATLWHERE (V829) reports where the woman's last HIV/AIDS test was taken. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 3 2 years or more ago 2 12-23 months ago 1 Less than 12 months ago 7 Don't know For women who had been tested for the AIDS virus, AIDLTWHEN (V826) reports the time since their last AIDS test in grouped months or years. IPUMS Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test Knows of place to get AIDS test 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No HPLCAIDSTEST (V783) indicates whether the woman knew a place to get tested for the AIDS virus, based on a yes/no question. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital Place for HIV test: Public hospital No 1 Yes 6 Responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHOS (V784A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public hospital as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined in ATPUBHOS to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center Place for HIV test: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHC (V784B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health center as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined in ATPUBHC to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker Place for HIV test: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBFW (V784F) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private field worker as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable such as ATPUBFW while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish ATPUBFW from ATPRIVFW (private fieldworker). IPUMS Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary Place for HIV test: Public dispensary No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public formal, drug source as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish ATPUBDRUG from ATPRIVDRUG, which indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary or pharmacy as a source for AIDS testing. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) Place for HIV test: Health post (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPUBHP indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health post as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Place for HIV test: Private hospital/clinic/doctor No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVHOS (V784K) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private hospital, clinic, or doctor as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center Place for HIV test: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVVCT (V784L) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable such as ATPRIVVCT while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Place for HIV test: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVDRUG (V784M) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined in ATPRIVDRUG to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center Place for HIV test: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATPRIVHC indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the woman reported a private health center as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from ATPUBHC (public health center). IPUMS Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Place for HIV test: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATNGO indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a non-governmental organization (NGO) as a place to be tested for the AIDS virus. Some samples in the "AT" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined in ATNGO to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other Place for HIV test: Other No 1 Yes 6 Not identified, responded only to last HIV test 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATOTHER (V784X) indicates whether the woman reported some other place to be tested for the AIDS virus. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific places for AIDS testing included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from ATPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and ATPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). ATOTHER includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public referral/specialist hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ1 is combined with ATTZ2 (public regional hospital), and ATTZ3 (public district hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ1 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ2 is combined with ATTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital), and ATTZ3 (public district hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. For the 1996 Tanzania sample, ATTZ2 is combined with ATTZ3 in ATPUBHOS. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ2 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ3 is combined with ATTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital), and ATTZ2 (public regional hospital) in ATPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. For the 1996 Tanzanian sample, ATTZ3 is combined with ATTZ2 in ATPUBHOS. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ3 are encouraged to review ATPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ5 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ5 is combined with ATTZ6 (private dispensary) in ATPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ5 are encouraged to review ATPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) Place for HIV test: Dispenary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ATTZ6 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for testing for the AIDS virus. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "AT" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ATTZ6 is combined with ATTZ5 (private pharmacy) in ATPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2010 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ATTZ6 are encouraged to review ATPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse 154 54 days 153 53 days 152 52 days 151 51 days 150 50 days 149 49 days 148 48 days 147 47 days 146 46 days 145 45 days 144 44 days 143 43 days 142 42 days 141 41 days 140 40 days 139 39 days 138 38 days 137 37 days 136 36 days 135 35 days 134 34 days 133 33 days 132 32 days 131 31 days 130 30 days 129 29 days 128 28 days 127 27 days 126 26 days 125 25 days 124 24 days 123 23 days 122 22 days 121 21 days 120 20 days 119 19 days 118 18 days 117 17 days 116 16 days 115 15 days 114 14 days 113 13 days 112 12 days 111 11 days 110 10 days 109 9 days 108 8 days 107 7 days 106 6 days 105 5 days 104 4 days 103 3 days 102 2 days 101 1 day 100 Less than 1 day ago 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 Days, number inconsistent 199 Days, number missing 200 WEEKS 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 298 Weeks, inconsistent 299 Weeks, number missing 300 MONTHS 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 Months, inconsistent 399 Months, number missing 400 YEARS 401 1 year 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 448 48 years 449 49 years 450 50+ years 499 Years, number missing 993 With former husband 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 446 46 years 447 47 years TIMESINCESEX (V527) reports how many days, weeks, months or years had passed since the woman had sexual intercourse with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31+ days 92 Not married/no regular partner 93 Within last 4 weeks 94 Before last birth 95 With former husband 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXD (V528) reports the number of days that have passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. Durations of more than 30 days are grouped into "31+." If the respondent reported having sexual intercourse in the last 4 weeks but replied that her last sexual intercourse was one month before the interview (in TIMESINCESEX (V527), this response is recoded to "30" in TIMESINCESEXD. In all other cases, a response of "One month" in TIMESINCESEX is coded as "31+." IPUMS Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) 000 Less than 1 month 993 No partner 994 With former husband 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXM (V529) reports the computed time (in months) since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. This variable's value is computed from the responses in TIMESINCESEX (V527), with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth recoded as "Before last birth." IPUMS Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) 00 No flag 01 Duration greater than time since last birth and did not report pp abstinence 02 Duration plus abstinence after last birth greater than time since last birth 03 Reported, but did not resume sex after last birth 04 Before last birth, but no births 05 Before last birth, but currently pregnant 06 Before last birth, but resumed sex after last birth 07 Reported but before last pregnancy 08 Reported but inconsistent with times had sex in past 4 weeks 09 Reported but before last birth 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXFLAG (V530) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the time that has passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse (in TIMESINCESEXM (V529)). Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Duration reported is greater than the interval since the last birth, and the respondent did not say in the maternity section (PPABSTAINNOW (V406)) that she is still abstaining from sexual relations since her last birth 2 = Duration reported plus the duration of abstinence after the last birth (PPABMO_01 (M8_1)) is greater than the interval since the last birth 3 = Duration reported, but the respondent has not resumed sexual intercourse since the last birth 4 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she has never given birth 5 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she was currently pregnant (PREGNANT (V213). 6 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she reported in the maternity section that she had resumed sexual intercourse after her last birth 7 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this would place her last intercourse before her last pregnancy 8 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this response was inconsistent with her response concerning the number of times she had sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks preceding the survey (SX4WKX (V526)) 9 = Duration reported, but would place her last sexual intercourse before her last birth IPUMS Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 2nd to last sexual partner 100 Less than 1 day ago 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 190 190 199 Days: number missing 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 299 Weeks: number missing 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 399 Months: number missing 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 499 Years: Number missing 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the last 12 months, SXTIMETOPAR2 (V832B) indicates how many days, weeks, or months had passed since she had intercourse with her second most recent sex partner. For data on the most recent partner, see TIMESINCESEX (V527). IPUMS Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner Time since last intercourse: 3rd to last sexual partner 100 Less than 1 day ago 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 190 190 199 Days: number missing 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 299 Weeks: number missing 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 399 Months: number missing 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 499 Years: Number missing 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't Know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse with more than two partners in the last 12 months, SXTIMETOPAR3 (V832C) indicates how many days, weeks, or months had passed since she had intercourse with her third most recent sex partner. IPUMS Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ SXPARYRNO (V766B) reports the number of sex partners the woman had in the past 12 months, including her spouse. IPUMS Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in past 12 months 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPARYRNO2 (V766A) reports the number of sex partners the woman had in the past 12 months, excluding her spouse. IPUMS Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Never had intercourse 1 Sexually active in last 4 weeks 2 Not active in last 4 weeks (postpartum abs.) 3 Not active in last 4 weeks (not postpartum abs.) 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SEXACTIV4WK (V536) reports the respondent's recent sexual activity (never had intercourse, sexually active in the last 4 weeks, not active in the last 4 weeks because of postpartum abstinence, or not active in the last 4 weeks because of something other than postpartum abstinence). IPUMS Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) Duration of abstinence (months) 00 Less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 95 Before last birth 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) DURABST (V537) reports the duration of the respondent's abstinence (in months). This time interval includes postpartum and non-postpartum abstinence. IPUMS Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex Woman can refuse sex No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/Not sure/Depends 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SXCANREFUSE (V850A) indicates whether the woman can refuse to have sex with her husband or partner. IPUMS Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR1NO (V853A) reports how many times the woman had sex with her most recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Times had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR2NO (V853B) reports the number of times women had sex with their second-most-recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months Times had sex with third most recent partner in the last 12 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR3NO (V853C) reports the number of times women had sex with their third-most-recent partner in the 12 months prior to the interview, top-coded at 95+. IPUMS Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner Relationship with most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse 62 Formerly married/no partner 32 Someone just met SXPAR1REL (V767A) reports the woman's relationship to her most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse SXPAR2REL (V767B) reports the woman's relationship to her second most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sexual partner 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Boyfriend/fiance not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 Ex-spouse SXPAR3REL (V767C) reports the woman's relationship to her third most recent male sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner Length of time knew most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 450 450 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 996 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR1TIMKNO (V768A) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her most recent sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 2nd most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 997 Don't know For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR2TIMKNO (V768B) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her second most recent sex partner. IPUMS Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner Length of time knew 3rd most recent sexual partner 100 DAYS 101 101 (One day) 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 WEEKS 201 201 (One week) 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 MONTHS 301 301 (One month) 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 369 369 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 389 390 390 391 391 392 392 393 393 394 394 395 395 396 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 YEARS 401 401 (One year) 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 405 406 406 407 407 408 408 409 409 410 410 411 411 412 412 413 413 414 414 415 415 416 416 417 417 418 418 419 419 420 420 421 421 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 433 434 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 446 446 447 447 448 448 449 449 450 450 451 451 452 452 453 453 454 454 455 455 456 456 457 457 458 458 459 459 460 460 461 461 462 462 463 463 464 464 465 465 466 466 467 467 468 468 469 469 470 470 471 471 472 472 473 473 474 474 475 475 476 476 477 477 478 478 479 479 480 480 481 481 482 482 483 483 484 484 485 485 486 486 487 487 488 488 489 489 490 490 491 491 492 492 493 493 494 494 495 495 496 496 497 497 498 498 499 499 991 Days - Number missing 992 Weeks - Number missing 993 Months - Number missing 994 Years - Number missing 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 997 Don't know For women who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, SXPAR3TIMKNO (V768C) indicates how long (how many days, weeks, months or years) the woman had known her third most recent sex partner. IPUMS Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse 00 Not had intercourse 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 94 Refused to respond 95 At first union 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEX (V525) indicates the woman's self-reported age for the first time she had sexual intercourse. IPUMS Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) 00 Not had sex 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 95 Refused to respond 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEXIMP (V531) reports the respondent's age at first sexual intercourse. This variable is the same as AGE1STSEX (V525), except for women who reported their first sexual intercourse was at the time of their union. For these women, the age at first sex is taken from the age at first union. In cases where the age at first sex was inconsistent with the age at conception of the first child, but only by one year, the age at first sex was reduced by one year. IPUMS Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse No flag 1 After interview 2 After conception by 1 year or more 3 After conception by less than 1 year 4 At marriage, but never married 5 At marriage, but after conception 6 After marriage AGE1STSEXFLAG (V532) is a flag variable reporting the type of inconsistency found when editing responses about when the respondent first had sexual intercourse. Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Respondent reported age at first sexual intercourse that exceeds her current age (AGE (V012)) 2 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring more than one year after the conception of her first child 3 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring up to one year after the conception of her first child 4 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but the respondent was never married (EVERMARRIED (V535)) 5 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but her first marriage occurred after the conception of her first child 6 = Respondent reported her first sexual intercourse as being some time after her first marriage IPUMS Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners Lifetime total number of sexual partners 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 00 SXPARLIFENO (V836) reports the woman's lifetime total number of sex partners. IPUMS When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD When okay to refuse sex: Husband has STD No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) NOSEXSTD (V633A) indicates whether the woman believes a wife is justified in refusing to have sex with her husband if she knows he has a sexually transmittable infection. IPUMS Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask condom use if husband has STI No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONASKIFSTI (V822) indicates whether the woman believes a wife is justified in asking her husband to use a condom if he has an infection or disease that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. IPUMS Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom Woman can ask partner to use condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/not sure/depends 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONASKPAR (V850B) indicates whether the woman can ask her husband or cohabiting partner to use a condom. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR1 (V833A) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR2 (V833B) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her second most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner, past 12 months No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR3 (V833C) indicates whether the woman used a condom every time she had sex with her third most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse Condom used during woman's most recent intercourse 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN1 (V761) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN2 (V761B) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her second most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Condom used in woman's last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, male condom 12 Yes, female condom 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CONUSMAN3 (V761C) indicates whether the woman used a condom the last time she had sex with her third most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom Could get herself: Female condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONFCAN (V769A) indicates whether the woman can get a female condom for herself. IPUMS Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom Could get herself: Male condom No 1 Yes 7 Don't know/unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONMCAN (V769) indicates whether the woman can get a male condom for herself. IPUMS Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom Do not know a source for male condom No, respondent knows a source 1 Yes, do not know a source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMDK (V762AZ) indicates whether the woman did not know a source to obtain male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital Known source for male condoms: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBHOS (V762AA) indicates whether the woman reported a "government hospital" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPUBHOS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post Known source for male condoms: Public health center/post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBHC (V762AB) indicates whether the woman reported a public health center or health post as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCMPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. Due to variability in response category wording, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker Known source for male condoms: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBFW (V762AE) indicates whether the woman reported a public fieldworker as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public field workers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPUBFW. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for male condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPUBDRUG indicates whether the woman reported a public dispensary or pharmacy as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for male condoms: Private hospital, clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVHOS (V762AJ) indicates whether the woman reported a "private hospital/clinic" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private hospitals/clinics that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVHOS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVDRUG (V762AK) indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVDRUG. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for male condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMPRIVMIS indicates whether the woman reported a faith-based health facility as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMPRIVMIS. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for male condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMNGO indicates whether the woman reported an "NGO," or non-governmental organization, as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. HCMNGO is concerned with whether the woman reported any NGO as a source for male condoms. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) Known source for male condoms: Shop (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMSHOP (V762AS) indicates whether the woman reported a "shop" as a source for male condoms. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCMSHOP. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for male condoms: Friends/relatives (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMFRND (V762AU) indicates whether the woman reported "friends, acquaintances or relatives" as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) Known source for male condoms: Bar (other) 9 NIU (not in universe) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMBAR indicates whether the woman reported a bar as a source for male condoms. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other Known source for male condoms: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMOTHER (V762AX) indicates whether the woman reported some other (non-public or not private medical sector) facility as a source for male condoms. The meaning of "other" depends on the sources for male condoms specified in a given sample. See HCMPUBOTH (other public medical sector) and HCMPRIVOTH (other private medical sector) for similar variables. IPUMS Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom Do not know a source for female condom No, knows a source 1 Yes, don't know source for female condoms 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFDK (V762BZ) indicates whether the woman did not know a source to obtain female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital Known source for female condoms: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBHOS (V762BA) indicates whether the woman reported a public hospital as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPUBHOS. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post Known source for female condoms: Public health center/post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBHC (V762BB) indicates whether the woman reported a public health center or post as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCFPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. See the Comparability section and Survey Text tab for more details. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker Known source for female condoms: Public field worker No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFPUBFW (V762BE) indicates whether the woman reported a "public field worker" or "community-based distributor" as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as HCFPUBFW, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy Known source for female condoms: Public dispensary, pharmacy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPUBDRUG (V762BG) indicates whether the woman reported a public dispensary as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic Known source for female condoms: Private hospital, clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVHOS (V762BJ) indicates whether the woman reported a private hospital or clinic as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVDRUG (V762BK) indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPRIVDRUG. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary Known source for female condoms: Religious/mission hospital, health center, clinic, or dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFPRIVMIS indicates whether the woman reported a mission or religious health facility as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFPRIVMIS. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Known source for female condoms: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFNGO indicates whether the woman reported an "NGO," or non-governmental organization, as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. HCFNGO is concerned with whether the woman reported any NGO as a source for female condoms. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included for countries of interest. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) Known source for female condoms: Shop (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFSHOP (V762BS) indicates whether the woman reported a "shop" as a source for female condoms. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in HCFSHOP. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) Known source for female condoms: Friends/relatives (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFFRND (V762BU) indicates whether the woman reported "friends or relatives" as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) Known source for female condoms: Bar (other) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFBAR indicates whether the woman reported a bar as a source for female condoms. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other Known source for female condoms: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFOTHER (V762BX) indicates whether the woman reported some other (non-public or not private medical sector) place as a source for female condoms. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific sources for female condoms identified in a given sample. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ1 indicates whether the woman reported a religious referral hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ1 is combined with HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), HCMTZ3 (religious health center), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ1 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ2 indicates whether the woman reported a religious district hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ2 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ3 (religious health center), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ2 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ3 indicates whether the woman reported a religious health center as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ3 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCMTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ3 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ4 indicates whether the woman reported a religious dispensary as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ4 is combined with HCMTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCMTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCMTZ3 (religious health center) in HCMPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ4 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ5 indicates whether the woman reported a public referral hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ5 is combined with HCMTZ6 (public regional hospital) and HCMTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ5 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMTZ6 indicates whether the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ6 is combined with HCMTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCMTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCMTZ6 is combined with HCMTZ7 in HCMPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ6 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMTZ7 indicates whether the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ7 is combined with HCMTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCMTZ6 (public regional hospital) in HCMPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCMTZ7 is combined with HCMTZ6 in HCMPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ7 are encouraged to review HCMPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ8 indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ8 is combined with HCMTZ9 (private dispensary) in HCMPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ8 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for male condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCMTZ9 indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for male condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCM" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCMTZ9 is combined with HCMTZ8 (private pharmacy) in HCMPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCMTZ9 are encouraged to review HCMPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious referral hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ1 indicates whether the woman reported a religious referral hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ1 is combined with HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), HCFTZ3 (religious health center), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ1 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ2 indicates whether the woman reported a religious district hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ2 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ3 (religious health center), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ2 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ3 indicates whether the woman reported a religious health center as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ3 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCFTZ4 (religious dispensary) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ3 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ4 indicates whether the woman reported a religious dispensary as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ4 is combined with HCFTZ1 (religious referral hospital), HCFTZ2 (religious district hospital), and HCFTZ3 (religious health center) in HCFPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ4 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ5 indicates whether the woman reported a public referral hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ5 is combined with HCFTZ6 (public regional hospital) and HCFTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ5 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ6 indicates whether the woman reported a public regional hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ6 is combined with HCFTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCFTZ7 (public district hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCFTZ6 is combined with HCFTZ7 in HCFPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ6 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ7 indicates whether the woman reported a public district hospital as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ7 is combined with HCFTZ5 (public referral hospital) and HCFTZ6 (public regional hospital) in HCFPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, HCFTZ7 is combined with HCFTZ6 in HCFPUBHOS for the 1996 and 1999 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ7 are encouraged to review HCFPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ8 indicates whether the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ8 is combined with HCFTZ9 (private dispensary) in HCFPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ8 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Known source for female condoms: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing HCFTZ9 indicates whether the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for female condoms. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "HCF" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. HCFTZ9 is combined with HCFTZ8 (private pharmacy) in HCFPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using HCFTZ9 are encouraged to review HCFPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections Heard of AIDS or other sexually transmitted infections 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIHEARD (V750) indicates whether the woman had heard of AIDS or any other sexually transmitted infection (STI). For a variable that indicates whether the respondent had heard of STIs other than AIDS, see STIHEARDOTH (V785). For a variable that indicates whether the respondent had heard of AIDS specifically, see AIDSHEARD (V751). IPUMS Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs Heard about other STDs 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No STIHEARDOTH (V785) indicates whether the woman has heard of any sexually transmitted infection other than AIDS. For a variable that records whether the respondent has heard of AIDS or any other STIs, see STIHEARD (V750). IPUMS Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIANYR (V763A) indicates whether the woman had any sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months. How this information was collected changed over time. See Comparability. IPUMS Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months Had genital discharge in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STIDISCHGYR (V763C) indicates whether the woman had any bad smelling abnormal genital discharge in the last 12 months. IPUMS Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months Had genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No STISOREYR (V763B) indicates whether the woman had a sore or genital ulcer in the last 12 months. IPUMS Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who had a sexually-transmitted infection (STI), abnormal genital discharge, or genital sore/ulcer in the past 12 months, STIADVICE (V770) indicates whether they sought advice or treatment for this problem. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital Sought STI advice from: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHOS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they repeated seeking advice or treatment from a public hospital for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPUBHOS. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center Sought STI advice from: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public hospital for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPUBHC. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker Sought STI advice from: Public fieldworker No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBFW indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public fieldworker for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPRIVFW (private fieldworker). IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) Sought STI advice from: Dispensary (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public dispensary or pharmacy for this problem. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADOTHDRUG and STIADPRIVDRUG, which refer to other, informal drug sources and private, formal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post Sought STI advice from: Public health post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPUBHP indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public health post for this problem. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADHPDISP, a standard variable indicating whether the woman sought advice from a health post or a dispensary. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor Sought STI advice from: Private hospital/clinic/doctor No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVHOS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private hospital, clinic, or doctor for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) Sought STI advice from: Voluntary counseling testing (VCT) center (private) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVVCT indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from private voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center for this problem. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPUBVCT (public VCT center). IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVDRUG indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPRIVDRUG. Users should be careful to distinguish STIADPRIVDRUG from STIADOTHDRUG and STIADPUBDRUG, which refer to other, informal drug sources and public, formal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic Sought STI advice from: Religious/mission hospital, health center, or clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVMIS indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a faith-based health facility for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in STIADPRIVMIS. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center Sought STI advice from: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADPRIVHC indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private health center for this problem. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Sought STI advice from: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADNGO indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a non-governmental organization (NGO) for this problem. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other Sought STI advice from: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADOTHER indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from some "other" source for this problem. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from STIADPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and STIADPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). STIADOTHER includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public referral/specialist hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ1 is combined with STIADTZ2 (public regional hospital) and STIADTZ3 (public district hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ1 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public regional hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ2 is combined with STIADTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital) and STIADTZ3 (public district hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ2 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a public district hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ3 is combined with STIADTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital) and STIADTZ2 (public regional hospital) in STIADPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 1996, 2004, and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ3 are encouraged to review STIADPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ4 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious referral/specialist hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ4 is combined with STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), STIADTZ6 (religious health center), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ4 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ5 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious district hospital for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ5 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ6 (religious health center), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ5 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ6 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious health center for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ6 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), and STIADTZ7 (religious dispensary) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ6 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ7 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a religious dispensary for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ7 is combined with STIADTZ4 (religious referral/specialist hospital), STIADTZ5 (religious district hospital), and STIADTZ6 (religious health center) in STIADPRIVMIS (all faith-based health facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ7 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private pharmacy (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ8 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private pharmacy for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ8 is combined with STIADTZ9 (private dispensary) in STIADPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ8 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) Sought STI advice from: Private dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months, STIADTZ9 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported seeking advice or treatment from a private dispensary for this problem. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "STIAD" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. STIADTZ9 is combined with STIADTZ8 (private pharmacy) in STIADPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using STIADTZ9 are encouraged to review STIADPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman argues with him No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVAARGUE (V744C) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she argues with him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman burns food No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVABURNFOOD (V744E) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she burns the food. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman goes out without telling him No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DVAGOOUT (V744A) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she goes out without telling him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman refused to have sex No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVAIFNOSEX (V744D) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she refuses to have sex with him. IPUMS Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children Attitude to wife beating: Justified if woman neglects the children No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know DVANEGKID (V744B) indicates whether the woman believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she neglects the children. IPUMS Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions Husband present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESHUSB (V812) indicates whether the woman's husband or partner was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions Other males present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESOMALE (V813) indicates whether a male who is not the woman's husband or partner was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions Other females present during "wife beating justified" questions 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DVAPRESOFEM (V814) indicates whether another female was present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions Children present during "wife beating justified" questions 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, listening 22 Yes, not listening 98 Missing DVAPRESKIDS (V811) indicates whether any children under the age of ten were present when survey questions regarding the woman's attitudes on wife-beating were asked. This variable relates to the interviewer's observation and is not asked of the woman directly. IPUMS Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness Husband accuses her of unfaithfulness No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, accuses her of unfaithfulness 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCCHEAT (D101B) indicates whether their husband frequently accused them of being unfaithful. IPUMS Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family Husband tries to limit her contact with family No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, limits contact with her family 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCFAMILY (D101D) indicates whether their husband tried to limit their contact with family. IPUMS Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men Husband jealous if talking with other men No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, jealous if she talks to men 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCJEALOUS (D101A) indicates whether their husband was jealous or angry when they talked to other men. IPUMS Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is Husband insists on knowing where she is No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, insists on knowing where she is 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCLOCATION (D101E) indicates whether their husband insisted on knowing where they were at all times. IPUMS Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends Husband does not permit her to meet her girlfriends No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, doesn't let her meet girlfriends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCMEETFRND (D101C) indicates whether their husband did not allow them to meet their female friends. IPUMS Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money Husband doesn't trust her with money No, this is not a problem 1 Yes, husband doesn't trust her with money 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCMONEY (D101F) indicates whether their husband didn't trust them with money. IPUMS Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues Number of control issues 99 NIU (not in universe) 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been married, DVCTOTAL (D102) reports the total number of control issues exhibited by their husband. Control issues include jealousy, limitations on contact with family and friends, accusations of cheating, insistence upon always knowing a woman's location, and, often, distrust with money. IPUMS Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence Ever any emotional violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEEVER (D104) indicates whether they ever experienced any emotional violence from their husband/partner. Emotional violence includes humiliation, insults, and threats of harm. IPUMS Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her Spouse ever humiliated her No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEHUMIL (D103A) indicates whether their husband/partner had ever said or done something to humiliate them in front of others. IPUMS Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation Frequency of humiliation 00 Not humiliated 10 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 20 Yes, ever humiliated, know frequency 21 Often during last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 23 Yes, but not at all in the last 12 months 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEHUMILFQ reports how often their husband/partner said or did something to humiliate them in front of others in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad Spouse ever insulted or made feel bad No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEINSULT (D103C) indicates whether their husband/partner ever insulted them or made them feel bad about themselves. IPUMS Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad Frequency of insults or making feel bad 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 23 Not at all in last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 21 Often during last 12 months 20 Yes, ever insulted 10 Yes, but timing and frequency unknown 00 Not insulted/made feel bad For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVEINSULTFQ reports how often the female respondent's husband/partner had insulted her or made her feel bad about herself in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm Spouse ever threatened with harm No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVETHREAT (D103B) indicates whether their husband/partner ever threatened to hurt them or harm someone close to them. IPUMS Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months Frequency of threats of harm in last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 23 Yes, but not at all in last 12 months 22 Sometimes during last 12 months 21 Often during last 12 months 20 Yes, ever threatened 10 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 00 Not threatened For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married, DVETHREATFQ reports how often the respondent's husband/partner had threatened to hurt or harm her or someone close to her in the past 12 months. IPUMS Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother Did her father ever beat her mother No, father did not hit mother 1 Yes, father hit mother 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVPAHITMA (D121) indicates whether the woman's father ever beat her mother. IPUMS Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something Spouse ever pushed, shook, or threw something 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUSH (D105A) indicates whether her husband/partner ever pushed her, shook her, or threw something at her. IPUMS Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something Frequency spouse pushed, shook, or threw something 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever pushed or shaken 00 Not pushed or shaken For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUSHFQ reports how often the woman had been pushed, shaken, or had something thrown at her by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped Spouse ever slapped No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSLAP (D105B) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever slapped her. IPUMS Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months Frequency slapped by partner, last 12 months 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever slapped 00 Not ever slapped For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSLAPFQ reports how often the woman was slapped by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair Spouse ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPTWIST (D105J) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever twisted her arm or pulled her hair. IPUMS Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month Frequency arm twisted or hair pulled by partner in last 12 month 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever arm twisted or hair pulled 00 Never had arm twisted or hair pulled For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPTWISTFQ reports how often the woman's arm was twisted or her hair was pulled by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful Spouse ever punched with fist or something harmful No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUNCH (D105C) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever punched her with a fist or with something that could hurt her. IPUMS Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object Frequency of being punched or hit with object 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 13 Not at all in last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 11 Often during last 12 months 10 Yes, ever punched, know frequency 00 Not punched For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPPUNCHFQ reports how often the woman was punched by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn Spouse ever tried to strangle or burn No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and ever married or lived with a man, DVPCHOKE (D105E) indicates whether the husband/partner ever tried to strangle or burn her on purpose. IPUMS Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn Frequency of husband's attempts to strangle or burn 00 Not attempted 10 Yes, husband ever tried to strangle or burn 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPCHOKEFQ reports how often the woman's husband/partner attempted to strangle or burn her in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged Spouse ever kicked or dragged No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKICK (D105D) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner had ever kicked her, dragged her, or beaten her up. IPUMS Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged Frequency of being kicked or dragged 00 Not kicked or dragged 10 Yes, ever kicked or dragged 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKICKFQ reports how often the woman was kicked or dragged by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun Spouse ever threatened or attacked with knife/gun No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPKNFTHUSE (D105F) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever threatened or attacked her with a knife, gun, or other weapon. IPUMS First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage First time violence happened, in years after marriage 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50+ 95 Before union 96 After separation/divorce 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVP1STTIME (D109) reports how long after marriage/cohabitation the abuse first happened. IPUMS Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence Ever experienced any severe violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPMSEVER (D107) indicates whether the woman ever experienced "more severe" violence from her husband/partner. The specific acts that are considered "more severe" vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. The complementary variable DVPLSEVER indicates a woman's experience with "less severe" violence from a husband or partner. IPUMS Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence Ever experienced any less severe violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPLSEVER (D106) indicates whether the woman ever experienced "less severe" violence from her husband/partner. The specific acts that are considered "less severe" vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. The complementary variable DVPMSEVER indicates the woman's experience with "more severe" violence from a husband or partner. IPUMS Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions Ever had bruises because of husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRBRUISE (D110A) indicates whether the woman ever had bruises or aches because of her husband/partner's actions. IPUMS Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions Ever had injury, sprain, or burns from husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRINJURY (D110B) indicates whether, because of her husband's/partner's actions, the woman ever suffered some "other" injury not covered by the complementary variable DVRSERINJURY (D110D). The particular injuries covered by DVRINJURY vary across samples. Please consult the "Comparability" tab for more information. IPUMS Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions Ever had wounds, broken bones/teeth from husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRSERINJURY (D110D) indicates whether the woman ever suffered serious injury--such as deep wounds, broken bones, or broken teeth--because of her husband/partner's actions. IPUMS Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions Any physical results of husband's actions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence from their husband/partner, DVRANY (D111) indicates whether the woman ever had any physical results of her husband/partner's actions. The specific results vary across samples. See the "Comparability" tab for more information. IPUMS Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted Spouse ever physically forced sex when not wanted No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEX (D105H) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever physically forced her to have sexual intercourse even when she did not want to. IPUMS Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex Frequency spouse physically forced sex 00 Not physically forced sexually 10 Yes, ever forced sexually 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXFQ reports how often the woman was forced to have sexual intercourse by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted Spouse ever forced other sexual acts when not wanted No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXOTH (D105I) indicates whether the woman's husband/partner ever forced her to perform any sexual acts she did not want to. IPUMS Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act Frequency spouse forced other sex act 00 Not physically forced other sex act 10 Yes, ever forced other sex act 11 Often during last 12 months 12 Sometimes during last 12 months 13 Not at all in last 12 months 20 Yes, timing and frequency unknown 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXOTHFQ reports how often the woman was forced to perform sex acts by her husband/partner in the past 12 months. IPUMS Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner Ever experienced any sexual violence from partner No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVPSEXEVER (D108) indicates whether the woman ever experienced any sexual violence from her husband/partner. IPUMS Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol Partner drinks alcohol No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVDRINKS (D113) indicates whether their husband/partner drank alcohol. IPUMS Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Frequency partner gets drunk Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had a husband/partner who drank alcohol, DVDRINKSFQ (D114) reports how often their husband/partner got drunk. IPUMS Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her Ever physically hurt husband when he was not hurting her No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were ever married or lived with a man, DVHITHUSB (D112) indicates whether they ever physically hurt their husband/partner. IPUMS How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband How often physically hurt husband Not at all 1 Sometimes 2 Often 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 3 Yes, but frequency and timing unknown For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and ever physically hurt their husband/partner, DVHITHUSBFQ (D112A) reports how often she physically hurt him in the past 12 months. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other Husband 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVINTERRHUS (D122A) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of the female respondent's husband/partner. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other male 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVINTERRMALE (D122B) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of an adult male other than the woman's own husband/partner. IPUMS Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female Interview interruption due to presence of adult: Other female 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DVINTERRFEM (D122C) indicates whether the domestic violence interview was interrupted due to the presence of another adult female. IPUMS First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted First intercourse was forced or wanted 1 Wanted 2 Forced 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DV1SEXFORCED (D123) indicates whether the respondent's first sexual intercourse was wanted or forced. IPUMS Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity Person who forced woman to first sexual activity 10 Husband/partner/boyfriend 11 Current husband/partner 12 Former husband/partner 13 Current/former boyfriend 20 Parent 21 Father 22 Father or step-father 23 Step-father 24 Father-in-law 30 Relative other than parent 31 Brother 32 Brother/step brother 33 Step-brother 34 In-law, unspecified 35 Grandfather 36 Other relative, unspecified 40 Friend 41 Own friend/acquaintance 42 Family friend 50 Other role 51 Teacher 52 Employer/someone at work 53 Neighbor 54 Police/soldier 55 Priest/religious leader 56 Stranger 57 Landlord 90 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been forced sexually, DV1SEXACTWHO (D127) reports who forced them to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts the first time. IPUMS Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity Age at first forced sexual activity 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 97 Don’t know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been forced sexually, DV1SEXACTAGE (D126) reports the respondent's age at the time they were first forced to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts. IPUMS Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months Anyone other than partner forced sex in last 12 months No 1 Yes 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVSEXFORCYR (D124) indicates whether anyone other than her husband or partner had forced the woman to have sexual intercourse in the past 12 months. IPUMS Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts Anyone ever forced woman to perform sex acts No 1 Yes 7 Refused to answer/no response 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVSEXACTSEV (D125) indicates whether anyone had ever forced the woman in any way to have sexual intercourse or perform other sexual acts. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person Physical abuse while pregnant: Hurt by any person No, not hurt during pregnancy 1 Yes, physically hurt by anyone during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGANY (D118Y) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by anyone during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband Physical abuse while pregnant: Husband No 1 Yes, physically hurt by husband during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGHUSB (D118A) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current husband or partner during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner Physical abuse while pregnant: Former partner No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former partner during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGEXPART (D118J) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former husband/partner during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Current boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by current boyfriend during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBFNOW (D118K) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current boyfriend during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend Physical abuse while pregnant: Former boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former boyfriend during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBFEX (D118L) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former boyfriend during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother or stepmother No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother or step-mother during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGMABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother or step-mother during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Mother-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother-in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGMALAW (D118O) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother-in-law during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather Physical abuse while pregnant: Father or stepfather No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father or step-father during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father or step-father during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Father-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father-in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPALAW (D118P) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father-in-law during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister Physical abuse while pregnant: Brother or sister No 1 Yes, physically hurt by sister or brother during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGSIBL (D118F) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their sister or brother during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son Physical abuse while pregnant: Daughter or son No 1 Yes, physically hurt by daughter or son during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGCHILD (D118D) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their daughter or son during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative Physical abuse while pregnant: Other relative No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other relative during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTHFAM (D118G) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other relative during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" relative depends on the types of relatives specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law Physical abuse while pregnant: Other in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other in-law during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTHLAW (D118Q) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other in-law during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in-law depends on the categories of in-laws specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer Physical abuse while pregnant: Employer No 1 Yes, physically hurt by employer during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGBOSS (D118W) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their employer during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police Physical abuse while pregnant: Police No 1 Yes, physically hurt by police during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGPOL (D118XE) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a police officer or soldier during their pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher Physical abuse while pregnant: Teacher No 1 Yes, physically hurt by teacher during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGTCH (D118V) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a teacher (gender unspecified) during a pregnancy. IPUMS Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person Physical abuse while pregnant: Other person No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other person during pregnancy 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had ever been pregnant, DVPREGOTH (D118X) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other person during their pregnancy. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband Physically hurt by anyone other than husband 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Refused / no response 1 Yes, physically hurt by someone else No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOANY (D115Y) indicates whether anyone other than the woman's husband/partner had slapped, hit, kicked, or otherwise physically hurt her since age 15. IPUMS Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months Frequency hit by other than partner in last 12 months 00 Not at all 10 Does occur 11 Seldom/once 12 Sometimes 13 Often 96 Widowed/separated/divorced, no info 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and were physically attacked by someone other than their husband/partner since age 15, DVOFQ (D117A) reports the frequency of such attacks in the past 12 months. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner Physical abuse by others: Former partner No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former partner 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOEXPART (D115J) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former, but not most recent, husband/partner since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Current boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by current boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBFNOW (D115K) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their current boyfriend since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend Physical abuse by others: Former boyfriend No 1 Yes, physically hurt by former boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBFPAST (D115L) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their former boyfriend since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother Physical abuse by others: Mother or stepmother No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother or step-mother 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOMABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother or stepmother since age 15. Some samples separate "mother" and "step-mother" responses in this series. For a variable that includes only "mother" responses for this series, see DVOMA (D115B). For a variable that only includes "step-mother" responses for this series, see DVOMASTEP (D115M). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law Physical abuse by others: Mother-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by mother-in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOMALAW (D115B) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their mother-in-law since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather Physical abuse by others: Father or stepfather No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father or step-father 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPABOTH indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father or stepfather since age 15. Some samples separate "father" and "step-father" responses in this series. For a variable that includes only "father" responses for this series, see DVOPA (D115C). For a variable that only includes "step-father" responses for this series, see DVOPASTEP (D115N). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law Physical abuse by others: Father-in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by father-in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPALAW (D115P) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their father-in-law since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister Physical abuse by others: Brother or sister No 1 Yes, physically hurt by sister or brother 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOSIBL (D115F) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their brother or sister since age 15. For samples with this series that separate brother and sister responses, see variables DVOBRO and DVOSIS. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son Physical abuse by others: Daughter or son No 1 Yes, physically hurt by daughter or son 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOCHILD (D115D) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their daughter or son since age 15. For samples with this series that separate whether the respondent was hurt by their daughter or son, see variables DVODAU and DVOSON (D115E). IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative Physical abuse by others: Other relative No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other relative 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTHFAM (D115G) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other relative since age 15. The meaning of "other" relative depends on the categories of relatives specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law Physical abuse by others: Other in-law No 1 Yes, physically hurt by other in-law 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTHLAW (D115Q) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other in-law since age 15. The meaning of "other" in-law depends on the types of in-laws specified in a given sample. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work Physical abuse by others: Employer or someone at work No 1 Yes, physically hurt by employer or someone at work 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOBOSS (D115W) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by their employer or someone at work since age 15. The related variables DVOBOSSM and DVOBOSSF address physical abuse from a male and female employer, respectively. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police Physical abuse by others: Police No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOPOL (D115XE) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a police officer or soldier since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher Physical abuse by others: Teacher No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOTCH (D115V) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by a teacher (gender unspecified) since age 15. IPUMS Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person Physical abuse by others: Some other person No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module, DVOOTH (D115X) indicates whether they had been physically hurt by some other person since age 15. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one Sought help to stop violence: No one No, did not seek help from anyone 1 Yes, sought help from someone 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHANY (D119Y) indicates whether they sought help from anyone to stop such abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner Sought help to stop violence: Current/former husband/partner No 1 Yes, sought help from current/former husband/partner 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHHUSPART (D119J) indicates whether they sought help from their current/last/late husband or partner to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend Sought help to stop violence: Current/former boyfriend No 1 Yes, sought help from current/former boyfriend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHBF (D119K) indicates whether they sought help from their boyfriend to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family Sought help to stop violence: Own family No 1 Yes, sought help from own family 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFAMOWN (D119H) indicates whether they sought help from their own family to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family Sought help to stop violence: Partner's family No 1 Yes, sought help from partner's family 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFAMPART (D119I) indicates whether they sought help from their husband's or partner's family to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend Sought help to stop violence: Friend No 1 Yes, sought help from friend 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHFRND (D119XD) indicates whether they sought help from a friend (gender not specified) to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor Sought help to stop violence: Neighbor No 1 Yes, sought help from neighbor 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHNHBR indicates whether they sought help from a neighbor to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor Sought help to stop violence: Doctor No 1 Yes, sought help from doctor 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHDOCTOR (D119XH) indicates whether they sought help from a doctor or other medical personnel to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer Sought help to stop violence: Lawyer No 1 Yes, sought help from lawyer 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHLAWYER (D119XG) indicates whether they sought help from a lawyer to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police Sought help to stop violence: Police No 1 Yes, sought help from police 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHPOL (D119XE) indicates whether they sought help from the police to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader Sought help to stop violence: Religious leader No 1 Yes, sought help from religious leader 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHCLERGY (D119XF) indicates whether they sought help from a religious leader to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association Sought help to stop violence: Social service association 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes, sought help from social service organization No For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHSSO (D119XB) indicates whether they sought help from a social service organization to stop that abuse. IPUMS Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person Sought help to stop violence: Other person No 1 Yes, sought help from other person 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and had experienced physical or sexual abuse, DVHOTHER (D119X) indicates whether they sought help from some other person to stop that abuse. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories identified for help-seeking in a given sample. IPUMS Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence Told anyone else about violence No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were randomly selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module and who had experienced physical or sexual violence without seeking help, DVTOLD (D128) indicates whether the woman ever told anyone other than the interviewer about that violence. IPUMS Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night Woman slept under bednet last night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, treated bednet 12 Yes, untreated bednet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETSLEPT (V461) indicates whether the respondent slept under a mosquito bed net the previous night. IPUMS Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula Heard of fistula 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Don't know FSHEARD indicates whether the woman had heard of fistula. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula Ever had fistula 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FSEVHAD indicates whether the woman ever had fistula. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Delivery (yes/no) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, after miscarriage 12 Yes, after delivery 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who experienced fistula, FSAFTDELIVER indicates whether the condition occurred after delivery or a stillbirth. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Sexual assault (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women with fistula that did not occur after delivery, FSAFTASSAULT indicates whether the condition occurred after sexual assault. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Pelvic surgery (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who experienced fistula for reasons other than delivery and sexual assault, FSAFTPELVIC indicates whether the condition occurred after pelvic surgery. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) Experienced fistula after: Other event (yes/no) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women with fistula, FSAFTOTH indicates whether the condition occurred after an event other than delivery, sexual assault, or pelvic surgery. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred Days after causal event that leakage occurred 00 Same day 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDAYSAFTER reports how many days after the causal event (such as delivery) that urinary leakage from fistula occurred. IPUMS Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred Type of delivery where fistula occurred 10 During normal labor/delivery 20 During difficult delivery 21 During difficult delivery, live birth 22 During difficult delivery, stillborn 30 During pelvic surgery 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVERTYP reports the characteristics (normal versus difficult delivery, live birth versus stillbirth outcome) of the delivery causing the female respondent's obstetric fistula. Question wording and response categories vary across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula Baby born alive in birth causing fistula 00 No, stillbirth 10 Yes, born alive 11 Yes, died in first 7 days 12 Yes, died after 7 days 13 Yes, still alive 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVALIVE indicates whether the delivery causing the female respondent's fistula resulted in a live birth. Similar information is included for some samples in FSDELIVERTYP. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred After which delivery fistula occurred 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSDELIVWHICH reports the number of the delivery (parity) in which the woman's obstetric fistula occurred. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula Sought treatment for fistula No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FSSEEKTREAT indicates whether the woman sought treatment for fistula. Question wording varied across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment Person last seen for fistula treatment 10 Heath professional 11 Doctor/ clinical officer 12 Nurse/ midwife 13 Patient attendant 14 Nurse 15 Midwife 16 Auxiliary midwife 17 Health fieldworker 20 Other person 21 Traditional healer/untrained village doctor 22 Traditional birth attendent 23 Community health worker 30 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSTREATWHO reports the type of person (health care practitioner or other) whom the woman last saw for fistula treatment. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful Whether fistula treatment was successful 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, no leakage at all 12 Yes, but still some leakage 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FSTREATSUC indicates whether the fistula treatment for the woman was successful in curing the condition. Codes and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought Why treatment for fistula was not sought 01 Did not know problem could be fixed 02 Do not know where to go 03 Too expensive 04 Too far to reach treatment facility 05 Poor quality of care at facility 06 Could not get permission to go 07 Embarrassment 08 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have experienced fistula that was not treated, FSNOTREATWHY reports the main reason that treatment was not sought. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision Ever heard of female circumcision 98 Missing 10 Yes 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted FCKNOW (G100) indicates whether the woman had ever heard about female circumcision. Question wording and coding varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) Ever heard of female circumcision (probed) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCKNOWPROBE (G101) indicates whether the woman acknowledged having heard about female circumcision, after being provided with a description of the practice. Women who did not answer "Yes" to FCKNOW (G100) were generally asked to provide a response to FCKNOWPROBE (G101). Some samples consolidate the simple question and the descriptive probing question on the woman's awareness of female circumcision into one variable (See FCKNOW). FCKNOWPROBE (G101) was designed for samples that instead separate the two questions into distinct variables, with FCKNOW (G100) relating to the non-probing question and FCKNOWPROBE (G101) pertaining to the probing descriptive question. IPUMS Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised Ever circumcised 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FCCIRC (G102) indicates whether the woman had been circumcised. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision Age at own circumcision 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 00 0 or during infancy 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 93 Age 10+ 92 Age 5-9 91 Before age 5 90 Grouped numeric responses 96 Inconsistent For women who are circumcised, FCAGE (G106) reports their age at circumcision. IPUMS Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC Flesh removed from genital area for own FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCFLESH (G103) indicates whether flesh was removed from the genital area during the procedure. IPUMS Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh Genital area nicked w/out removing flesh No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCNICK (G104) indicates whether their genital area was nicked without removing flesh during the procedure. IPUMS Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC Vaginal area sewn closed for FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were circumcised, FCINFIB (G105) indicates whether their genital area was sewn closed during the procedure. Question wording varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision Who performed respondent's circumcision 999 NIU (not in universe) 998 Missing 997 Don't know 210 Traditional circumciser 200 TRADITIONAL 100 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 130 Birth attendant 110 Doctor/physician 111 Male doctor 112 Female doctor 120 Trained nurse/midwife 121 Nurse 122 Midwife 190 Other health professional 211 Traditional male circumciser 212 Traditional female circumciser 213 Excisioner 220 Traditional birth attendant 230 Matronne/older woman 240 Traditional healer 241 Barber 242 Ghagaria (gypsy) 290 Other traditional 995 OTHER For women who are circumcised, FCPERF (G107) reports who performed the procedure. Responses vary considerably across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped FC should continue or be stopped 1 Continue 2 Stop/Discontinue 3 Depends/Doctor recommends 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCCONTINU (G119) indicates whether the woman thinks female circumcision should continue or stop. IPUMS Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future Intends to have daughter(s) circumcised in future No 1 Yes 2 All daughters circumcised 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCINTENDDAU (G116) indicates whether the woman intends to circumcise her daughter(s) in the future. The daughter(s) in question vary across samples, due to question wording and universe differences; see Comparability. IPUMS Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised Total daughters circumcised 00 No daughters circumcised 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCTOTALDAU (G108) reports the total number of the woman's living daughters who were circumcised at the time of the interview. IPUMS Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter Line number of most recently circumcised daughter 96 Inconsistent 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCDLINENUM (G109) reports the line number in the household listing of the daughter who was the subject of questions about a single daughter's circumcision experience--most commonly, the most recently circumcised daughter. IPUMS Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC Flesh removed from genital area during daughter's FC No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCFLESHDAU (G110) indicates whether the woman's daughter had flesh removed from her genital area for her female circumcision. The related variable FCFLESH indicates whether the woman respondent had flesh removed from her genital area for her own female circumcision. IPUMS For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh For FC, daughter's genital area nicked without removing flesh No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCNICKDAU (G111) indicates whether the woman's daughter had her genital area nicked without removing any flesh for her female circumcision. The related variable FCNICK indicates whether the woman respondent's own vaginal area was nicked without removing any flesh for her female circumcision. IPUMS Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision Genital area sewn closed during daughter's circumcision No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FCSEWNDAU (G112) indicates whether the woman's daughter had her genital area sewn closed for her female circumcision. The related variable FCINFIB (G105) indicates whether the woman respondent's own vaginal area was sewn closed for her female circumcision. IPUMS Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision Age of daughter at circumcision 93 Age 10+ 92 Age 5-9 91 Before age 5 90 Grouped numeric responses 00 0 or during infancy 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FCAGEDAU (G113) reports the age of the woman's eldest daughter when she was circumcised. The related variable FCAGE reports the age when the woman respondent was circumcised. IPUMS Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter Who performed circumcision of daughter 130 Birth attendant 995 OTHER 290 Other traditional 242 Ghagaria (gypsy) 241 Barber 240 Traditional healer 230 Matronne/older woman 220 Traditional birth attendant 213 Excisioner 212 Traditional female circumciser 190 Other health professional 122 Midwife 121 Nurse 120 Trained nurse/midwife 112 Female doctor 111 Male doctor 110 Doctor/physician 100 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 200 TRADITIONAL 210 Traditional circumciser 211 Traditional male circumciser 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FCPERFDAU (G114) reports who performed the daughter's circumcision. The related variable FCPERF reports who performed the woman respondent's own circumcision. IPUMS Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing Smokes nothing No, smokes 1 Yes, does not smoke or use tobacco 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing TONOSMOKE (V463Z) indicates whether the woman does not smoke cigarettes or use any other form of tobacco. IPUMS Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes Smokes cigarettes No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOSMOKE (V463A) indicates whether the woman smokes cigarettes. IPUMS Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours 64 64 80 80+ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 63 63 62 62 61 61 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 For women who smoke, TOCIGDAYNO (V464) reports the number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24 hours. IPUMS Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe Smokes pipe No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOPIPE (V463B) indicates whether the woman smokes a pipe. IPUMS Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco Uses chewing tobacco No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOCHEW (V463C) indicates whether the woman uses chewing tobacco. IPUMS Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff Uses snuff No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOSNUFF (V463E) indicates whether the woman uses snuff, either by mouth or by nose. IPUMS Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco Uses other tobacco No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOUSEOTH (V463X) indicates whether the woman uses some other form of tobacco, with the meaning of "other" dependent on the types of tobacco specified in each sample. IPUMS Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, DELCESRLAST (V401) indicates whether the last-born child was delivered by caesarean section. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes allchildren of the mother to be coded the same way. Question wording varies slightly across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMENNOW (V405) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum amenorrheic. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if menstruation resumed after birth. Women who are currently pregnant (irrespective of whether the woman's period returned after her last birth) and women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently amenorrheic, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining No 1 Yes PPABSTAINNOW (V406) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum abstaining from sex. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if the respondent has resumed sexual relations since her last birth. Women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently abstaining, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) Disposal of youngest child's stools (when not using toilet) 10 Always use toilet/latrine 20 Put/rinsed in place with water 21 Put/rinsed in toilet/latrine 22 Put/rinsed in drain or ditch 23 Rinsed away stools 30 Throw away somewhere 31 Throw outside the dwelling 32 Throw outside the yard 33 Throw into garbage 34 Left out in the open 40 Buried 50 Use disposable diapers 60 Use washable diapers 70 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DISPOSESTOOL (V465) reports how the respondent disposes of her youngest child's stools. IPUMS Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 MATERNITYIDX (V417) reports the number of entries in the pregnancy and postnatal care history for a female respondent. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, MATERNITYIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, MATERNITYIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 HEALTHIDX (V418) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the health or immunization history. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, HEALTHIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, HEALTHIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIOIDX (V419) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the height and weight table. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, BIOIDX is actually limited to the number of columns on the survey form that can be completed. In most cases, BIOIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only Whether survey columns are used for last births only See specific questions 1 Last birth only 2 All births in last 5 years LASTBIRTHONLY (V468) indicates whether the column(s) on the women's questionnaire relating to pregnancy and postnatal care relate only to last-born children. In the standard questionnaire, some questions are asked about the last-born child only, while in some countries, these questions are asked about all children born in the last three or five years. LASTBIRTHONLY indicates whether the questionnaire followed the standard or was changed to include more children. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDNITE (V407) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous night between sunset and sunrise. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDNITE_01 (M35_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous night. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDNITE describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDNITE does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was breastfed that many times during the previous night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDNITE (M35) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous night. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDAY (V408) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous day during daylight hours. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDAY_01 (M36_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous day during daylight hours. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDAY describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDAY does not necessarily indicate that a child whose record is being analyzed was personally breastfed that many times during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDAY (M36) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous day. IPUMS Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still alive, BOTTLE24H (V415) indicates whether the last-born child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDBOT_01 (M38_01), which also indicates whether the woman gave her last-born child anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When children are the unit of analysis, BOTTLE24H describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. If the mother reported that she fed her last-born child with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. When children are the unit of analysis, a positive response in BOTTLE24H thus does not necessarily indicate that a particular child was actually fed with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDBOT (M38) to determine whether the specific child in question actually drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. IPUMS Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) BFEEDANYNOW (V404) indicates whether the woman is currently breastfeeding. If no child was born in the last three to five years, the respondent is assumed to not be breastfeeding. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. This variable has some variation in how current breastfeeding is determined. See Comparability. IPUMS When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast 000 Immediately 100 Within first hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 199 Hours: Number missing 200 Within first day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 299 Days: Number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and breastfed their last-born child, BFEEDST (V426) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her last-born child. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDST_01 (M34_1), which also reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child (for the last birth). When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDST describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of hours or days in BFEEDST does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was first breastfed after that amount of time. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDST (M34) to determine the length of time between the specific child's birth and when that child was first breastfed. IPUMS Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used ORS 22 Heard of ORS 23 Recognized ORS packet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DIATRORSHEARD (V416) indicates whether the woman ever heard of using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat diarrhea. ORS generally consists of drinking water with the addition of sugar and salt (in a homemade solution) or a commercial mixture of salt, glucose, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate added to clean water. IPUMS Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) Under age 18 (according to household questionnaire) (respondents to women's survey) 606. AGE: CHECK COLUMN 7. 15-17 YEARS 1 18-49 YEARS 2 (GO TO 609) 1 Under age 18 2 Age 18 or older 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFUNDER18 (V452A) indicates whether the respondent was under or over age 18 at the time of the interview, according to the household roster. The information in this variable was used by DHS personnel to determine whether a female household member needed consent from a parent/caretaker before conducting hemoglobin measurements. IPUMS Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) Line number of parent/responsible adult (non-adult respondents to women's survey) 608. RECORD LINE NUMBER OF PARENT/OTHER ADULT RESPONS IBLE FOR ADOLESCENT. RECORD '00' IF NOT LISTED. LINE NUMBER OF PARENT OR OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT _____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFLINENOPARENT (V452B) reports the line number, in the household listing, of the parent or caretaker of a respondent under age 18 whose hemoglobin levels were measured, based on blood drawn by DHS personnel. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant 613. PREGNANCY STATUS: CHECK 226 IN WOMAN'S QUESTIONNAIRE OR ASK: Are you pregnant? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No/don't know 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFPREGNANT (V454) indicates whether the respondent was pregnant at the time of the interview. A woman's pregnancy status is an important factor in interpreting hemoglobin/anemia level. See the following variables for more information: BIOFHEMOLEVEL (V453) BIOFHEMOLEVELALT (V456) BIOFANEMIALVL (V457) IPUMS Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the woman's weight as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the weight. Dividing WEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the woman's height as measured by DHS personnel. HEIGHTFEM values are reported in millimeters, to preserve one centimeter decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured height in centimeters. IPUMS Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTASDRM (V440) reports the difference between the respondent's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFHTASDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFHTASDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height, as measured by DHS personnel. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in BIOFHTASDRM. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status. IPUMS Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the DHS Program. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) uses Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standards BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses WHO reference standards IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses the WHO reference standard IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V444) uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (respondents to female survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTSDRM (V444A) reports the difference between the respondent's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. This variable uses a DHS reference standard. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFWTHTSDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFWTHTSDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The complementary DHS variable BIOFWTHTPCTDHS (V442) reports weight-for-height percentiles within the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature for further discussion. IPUMS Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFBMI (V445) reports the female respondent's body mass index (BMI). BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). Also known as the Quetelet Index, BMI is a measure of acute nutritional status, based on the Fogarty Metropolitan Life tables of ideal weight for height. The DHS Guide to Statistics offers the following guidelines for interpreting BMI scores for women age 15-49: Severely thin: less than 16.0 Moderately thin: 16.0 to 16.9 Mildly thin: 17.0 to 18.4 Normal: 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight: 25.0 to 29.9 Obese: 30.0 or more The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms, as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the person's length or height in centimeters, as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFROHRER (V446), which reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. This measure is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). IPUMS Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFROHRER (V446) reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. Rohrer's Index is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). Rohrer's Index is a measure of acute nutritional status, and may be used as an alternative to Body Mass Index. The original height and weight values used to calculate Rohrer's Index are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFBMI (V445), which reports the respondent's Body Mass Index (BMI), which is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). IPUMS Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Sick 12 Not present 13 Refused 14 Incapacitated 15 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWHYNOTMEAS (V447) indicates whether the respondent was measured for height and weight, or, if not, why she was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., sick, not present, refused). IPUMS Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record Woman's age in years from household record (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHHAGE (V447A) reports the respondent's age in years, as recorded in the household roster. This age is used to determine eligibility for biometric measurements. IPUMS Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) Result of consent statement for anemia testing (respondents for women's survey) 609. READ ANEMIA TEST CONSENT STATEMENT. FOR NEVER-IN-UNION WOMEN AGE 15-17, ASK CONSENT FROM PARENT/OTHER ADULT IDENTIFIED IN 608 BEFORE ASKING RESPOND ENT'S CONSENT. GRANTED 1(SIGN) _______ PARENT/OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT REFUSED 2 (SIGN) _______ (GO TO 610) RESPONDENT REFUSED 3 (SIGN) _______ (GO TO 610) 10 Permission granted 20 Permission refused 21 Parent/other refused 22 Respondent refused 30 Not read 40 Not present 41 Adult/parent not present 42 Minor not present 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOCONSENT (V452C) indicates whether permission was granted for the respondent's blood to be drawn and tested for hemoglobin level (as an indicator of anemia) or, if not, why not. Interviewers read a statement about hemoglobin testing and requested permission to draw and test the individual's blood for hemoglobin level. IPUMS Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (respondents for women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 992 Not tested 993 Not present 994 Refused 995 Other 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOLEVEL (V453) reports the level of hemoglobin in the respondent's blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. BIOFHEMOLEVEL is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. For a summary statement of anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see BIOFANEMIALVL (V457). IPUMS Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) Whether hemoglobin level tested (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Not present 12 Refused 13 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOTEST (V455) indicates whether the respondent's hemoglobin level was tested from a blood draw by DHS personnel, or, if not, why their hemoglobin level was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., not present, refused, technical problem). IPUMS Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) adjusted for altitude (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 993 Not present 994 Refused 995 Other 996 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHEMOLEVELALT (V456) reports the level of hemoglobin in the respondent's blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel, and adjusted for altitude. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. BIOFHEMOLEVELALT is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. The USAID publication Adjusting Hemoglobin Values in Program Surveys [URL omitted from DDI.] explains, "At elevations above 1000 m. hemoglobin concentrations increase as an adaptive response to the lower partial pressure of oxygen and reduced oxygen saturation of blood." The report further provides an equation for adjusting hemoglobin values in altitudes at 500-meter intervals, and explains that adjustment is important because "WHO hemoglobin cutoffs for anemia refer to sea-level values." For a summary statement of anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see BIOFANEMIALVL (V457). IPUMS Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) Anemia level (respondents to women's survey) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 Not anemic 1 Mild 2 Moderate 3 Severe 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIOFANEMIALVL (V457) reports the respondent's level of anemia, from not anemic to severely anemic, based on hemoglobin levels in blood drawn by DHS personnel. According to the DHS Recode Manuals: [Hemoglobin] levels below 7.0 g/dl are considered as severe anemia, levels between 7.1g/dl and 9.9g/dl are considered as moderate anemia, and cases between 10.0 g/dl and 10.9 g/dl are considered as mild anemia for pregnant women and between 10.0 g/dl and 11.9 g/dl for all other adult women. IPUMS Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping Woman's household has bednet for sleeping 130. Does your household have any mosquito nets that can be used while sleeping? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 141) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETHAVE (V459) indicates whether the household had any bed nets that could be used while sleeping, to keep off mosquitoes and reduce the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses such as malaria. This information was collected via the household questionnaire and copied over to the woman's record. The complementary variable BEDNETNUM (HML1) reports the number of mosquito nets owned by the household. IPUMS Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months Had any injection in recent months No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INJRECENTANY indicates whether the woman received an injection for any reason in the 2 to 12 months preceding the survey. See Comparability for discussion of variations in the reference period for this variable. IPUMS Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months Number of injections in recent months 00 0 injections 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 95 95+/daily 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INJRECENTNO (V477) reports how many injections, for any reason, the woman received in the 2 to 12 months preceding the survey. See Comparability for discussion of differences in the reference period for this variable. IPUMS Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker Number of recent injections from healthcare worker 00 0 injections 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who received any injections in the 6 to 12 months preceding the survey, INJHCWORKER (V478) reports the number of injections that were provided by a healthcare worker (including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentists or any other professional health worker). IPUMS Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle Last injection from new syringe and needle No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have received an injection from a health professional in the last 6 to 12 months, INJNEWNEDL (V480) reports whether the person who gave them their last injection used a syringe and needle from a new, unopened package. There is some variation in how the "person who gave the last injection" is described. See Comparability. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission Barrier to woman's health care: Getting permission 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCPERMIT (V467B) indicates whether the woman reported "obtaining permission to go to the doctor/seek treatment" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment Barrier to woman's health care: Lack money for treatment 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem only 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCMONEY (V467C) indicates whether the woman reported "getting money needed for treatment" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility Barrier to woman's health care: Distance to facility 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCDISTANCE (V467D) indicates whether the woman reported "the distance to the health facility" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone Barrier to woman's health care: Not want to go alone 10 Not a big problem 11 No problem at all 12 Small problem only 20 Is big problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BHCALONE (V467F) indicates whether the woman reported "not wanting to go alone" as a barrier to getting medical care for herself. IPUMS Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSCOVERYN (V481) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance. IPUMS Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization Has health insurance from mutual/community organization No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSORG (V481A) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through a mutual health organization (MHO) or community-based health insurance. IPUMS Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer Has health insurance through employer No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSEMPLOYER (V481B) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through an employer. IPUMS Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security Has health insurance from government/social security No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSSOCS (V481C) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through Social Security or another government program. IPUMS Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance Has private/commercially purchased health insurance No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSPRIVATE (V481D) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance through a private/commercially purchased health insurance provider. IPUMS Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source Has health insurance from other source No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSOTHER (V481X) indicates whether the woman is covered by health insurance from some other source. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted 1 Wanted then 2 Wanted later 3 No more wanted 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, CHDESIRE (M10) indicates whether the child was wanted at the time of pregnancy, was wanted but later, or was not wanted at all. IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Months, number unspecified 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey to women who wanted to become pregnant later, CHDESIREL (M11) reports the length of time the mother would have wanted to wait for that pregnancy. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in weeks are coded with a "1" in the first digit, while intervals reported in years are coded with a "2" in the first digit. IPUMS Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child 1 Male 2 Female KIDSEX (B4) reports the sex of the child. IPUMS Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive No 1 Yes KIDALIVE (B5) reports whether the child was alive or dead at the time of interview. IPUMS Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December KIDBIRTHMO (B1) reports the child's month of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 KIDBIRTHYR (B2) reports the child's year of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing KIDAGEINFO (B10) reports the completeness of information about the child's age and date of birth. IPUMS Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years 19 19 years 20 20 years 21 21 years 22 22 years 23 23 years 24 24 years 25 25 years 26 26 years 27 27 years 28 28 years 29 29 years 30 30 years 31 31 years 32 32 years 33 33 years 34 34 years 35 35 years 36 36 years 37 37 years 38 38 years 39 39 years 40 40 years 41 41 years 42 42 years 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDCURAGE (B8) reports the current age of the child, in years, at the time of the survey. IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) KIDDOBCMC (B3) reports the century month code for the date of birth of the child. KIDDOBCMC (B3) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 KIDBORD (BORD) reports the birth order in which the child was born, from 1 to n, where 1 = the first child born to a mother, and the nth birth is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. IPUMS Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth 10 Single birth/not a twin 20 Twin or multiple 21 1st of multiple births 22 2nd of multiple births 23 3rd of multiple births 24 4th of multiple births 25 5th of multiple births 26 6th of multiple births KIDTWIN (B0) reports whether the child is a twin (or born in a multiple birth) or is a single birth. IPUMS Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) 100 Days: Died on day of birth 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 198 Days, unknown 199 Days old, number missing 200 Months old: Month of birth 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 259 59 months 260 60 months 261 61 months 262 62 months 263 63 months 264 64 months 265 65 months 266 66 months 297 Months, inconsistent 298 Months, unknown 299 Months old, number missing 300 Years 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 339 39 years 340 40 years 397 Years old, number inconsistent 398 Years old, number unknown 399 Years old, number missing 997 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For deceased children, KIDAGEDEATH (B6) reports the age of the child at death in days, months or years. The first digit of the codes indicates the time unit: 1 for days, 2 for months, 3 for years. IPUMS Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) 999 NIU (not in universe) For deceased children, KIDAGEDIEDIMP (B7) reports the age of the child at death in months (including imputed ages). IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child No flag 1 Reported age places death after interview 2 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 3 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 4 Reported age less than age first breastfed 5 Reported age before last vaccination 6 Reported age outside expected range for units 7 Reported age was imputed, units given 8 Reported age was imputed, units not given 9 NIU (not in universe) KIDAGEDEATHFLAG (B13) reports the type of problem, if any, found when editing responses about the child's age at death (in KIDAGEDEATH). A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDLIVESWITH (B9) reports the person the child usually lives with (i.e., the child's mother or someone else). IPUMS Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household Line number of child in household 00 Not listed in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LINENOKID (B16) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the child's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking the woman respondent, "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Line number of child's parent or caretaker Line number of child's parent or caretaker Line number of child's parent or caretaker Line number of child's parent or caretaker Line number of child's parent or caretaker 510. RECORD LINE NUMBER OF PARENT/OTHER ADULT RESPONS IBLE FOR CHILD (COLUMN 1 HH SCHEDULE). RECORD '00' IF NOT LISTED. LINE NUMBER OF PARENT OR OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT ______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 LINENOPARENT (HW51) reports the line number, in the household listing, of the parent or caretaker of a child whose hemoglobin levels were measured, based on blood drawn by DHS personnel. IPUMS Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months 005 5 004 4 003 3 002 2 001 1 000 998 Missing 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey who are not the first-born, or the twin of the first-born, child, BIRTHINTPREMO (B11) indicates the preceding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born after the mother's previous birth (i.e., after the child's first older sibling). IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey who are not the last-born, or twin of the last-born, child, BIRTHINTPOSTMO (B12) indicates the succeeding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born before the mother's next birth (or before the child's first younger sibling). IPUMS Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth Any other live births in interval between birth and previous reported birth No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 NIU (not in universe) OTHBIRTHININT (B15) indicates whether there were any other live births in the interval between this birth and the previously reported birth. The survey form included the question, "Were there any other live births between (NAME OF PREVIOUS BIRTH) and (NAME), including any children who died?" For DHS Phase III only, OTHBIRTHININT (B15) is limited to "Births for which the interval between the birth and the previously reported birth was four or more years (B14 =1)," according to the Recode Manuals. For later Phases, the universe is all second- and higher-order births. The DHS Recode Manuals include the following explanatory note about this variable: Variables B14 and B15 are questions used in the interview to try and ascertain if the respondent had omitted any live births while reporting her birth history. The birth history may have been modified during the interviewing process, and the responses may not now correspond to the interval between the birth and the preceding birth recorded in this section. The data have been included to help indicate cases where the respondent may have omitted live births while originally reporting the birth history. The omitted births should be included in this final version of the birth history. IPUMS Type of bednet child slept under last night Type of bednet child slept under last night Type of bednet child slept under last night Type of bednet child slept under last night Type of bednet child slept under last night 135. Since you got the mosquito net, was it ever soaked or dipped in a liquid to repel mosquitos or bugs? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 138) NOT SURE 8 (GO TO 138) No bednet 1 Only treated bednets 2 Both treated and untreated nets 3 Only untreated bednets 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children under age five who are listed in the household schedule, MLKIDNETSL (ML0) indicates the type of bednet (treated, untreated, or both treated and untreated nets), if any, the child slept under the previous night. Apart from universe differences, MLKLIDNETSL (ML0) has no comparability problems. Comparability - Standard DHS MLKLIDNETSL (ML0) is included in Phase V forward of the standard DHS household questionnaire. IPUMS Age of child in months Age of child in months Age of child in months Age of child in months Age of child in months 503. What is (NAME'S) birth date? IF MOTHER INTERVIEWED, COPY MONTH AND YEAR FROM BIRTH HIST ORY AND ASK DAY OF BIRTH; IF MOTHER NOT INTERVIEWED, ASK DAY, MONTH AND YEAR OF BIRTH DAY ______ MONTH ______ YEAR ______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of the mother's interview (and at the time of the height and weight measurement of the child). This information is useful for calculating child malnutrition indicators such as height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight). The DHS Recode manuals report that the child's age in months is calculated from the century month code of the date of interview minus the century month code of the date of birth of the child. IPUMS Child's weight in kilograms Child's weight in kilograms Child's weight in kilograms Child's weight in kilograms Child's weight in kilograms 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Weight out of range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. HWWEIGHT values are reported in tenths of a kilogram, to preserve one kilogram decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing the HWWEIGHT value by 10 will yield the child's measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Child's height in centimeters Child's height in centimeters Child's height in centimeters Child's height in centimeters Child's height in centimeters 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's height as measured by DHS personnel. HWHEIGHT values are reported in millimeters, to preserve one centimeter decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWHEIGHT by 10 will yield the child's measured height in centimeters. In most surveys, HWHEIGHT was measured as a standing height for children at least 24 months old and as a recumbent length (with the child lying down) for children less than 24 months old, following WHO guidelines. As the DHS recode manuals note, however, there may be discrepancies between policy and practice with respect to this protocol. The related variable HWHTHOWMEAS indicates whether the child's height was measured as a recumbent length or a standing height, and is available for most surveys from Phase 2 forward. IPUMS Index to birth history, for child measurement Index to birth history, for child measurement Index to birth history, for child measurement Index to birth history, for child measurement Index to birth history, for child measurement WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HEMOGLOBIN, VITAMIN A AND IRON FOR CHILDREN 0-5 YEARS 501. CHECK COLUMN 11. RECORD THE LINE NUMBER, NAME AND AGE FOR ALL ELIGIBLE CHILDREN LESS THAN 5 YEARS OF AGE IN QUESTIONS 502-503. IF THERE ARE MORE THAN SIX CHILDREN, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). A FINAL OUTCOME FOR THE ANEMIA TEST PROCEDURE MUST BE RECORDED IN 513 AND FOR THE VITAMIN A TEST PROCEDURE IN 517 FOR EACH ELIGIBLE CHILD. IF NO ELIGIBLE CHILDREN, TICK HERE AND SKIP TO Q. 601 502. LINE NUMBER (COLUMN 11) NAME (COLUMN 2) LINE NUMBER _______ NAME ________ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 9 NIU (not in universe) HWINDEX (HWIDX) reports the line number, in the birth history, of children under age 5 who were included in the health history of the women's questionnaire and who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. The most recently born child would be coded 1, and the line number of the child should match the number in BIDX (index to birth history) and HIDX (index to children in health history). IPUMS Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWTHTPCT (HW10) reports the child's weight-for-height percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by height and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's measured height in centimeters. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of child wasting in terms of weight-for-height using the same reference population, see HWWHZNCHS (HW11). HWWHZNCHS reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWHZNCHS (HW11) reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWWHZNCHS values are provided in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWWHZNCHS by 100 will yield a child's weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) value. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate acute malnutrition, and WHZ below -3 to represent severe acute malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWWHZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has continued to release child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. The variable HWWHZWHO (HW72) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate weight-for-height Z-scores. This variable was generated for all DHS samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel, and HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See HWHEIGHT (HW3) and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The complementary DHS variable HWWTHTPCT (HW10) reports the child's weight-for-height percentile within the same reference population used in HWWHZNCHS. The complementary DHS variable HWWTHTPCTRM (HW12) reports the child's weight-for-height as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature [URL omitted from DDI.] for further discussion. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWTHTPCTRM (HW12) reports the child's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight in growth charts by height and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's measured height in centimeters. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of child wasting in terms of weight-for-height using the same reference population, see HWWHZNCHS (HW11). HWWHZNCHS reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWTAPCT (HW7) reports the child's weight-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is an indicator of chronic and/or acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of child wasting in terms of weight-for-age using the same reference population, see HWWAZNCHS (HW8). HWWAZNCHS reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWAZNCHS (HW8) reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWWAZNCHS values are provided in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWWAZNCHS by 100 will yield a child's weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) value. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is a composite indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate malnutrition, and WAZ below -3 to represent severe malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWWAZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. HWWAZWHO (HW71) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate weight-for-age Z-scores. This variable was generated for all samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel. KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) 99997 Flagged cases For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWTAPCTRM (HW9) reports the child's weight-for-age as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is an indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition, HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. The similar variable HWWTAPCT (HW7) reports the child's weight-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. For an alternative measure of child stunting in terms of weight-for-age and using the same reference population, see HWWAZNCHS (HW8). HWWAZNCHS reports the difference between the child's height and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHTAPCT (HW4) reports the child's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition, The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of child stunting in terms of height-for-age for the same reference population, see HWHAZNCHS (HW5). HWHAZNCHS reports the difference between the child's height and the median height of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHAZNCHS (HW5) reports the difference between the child's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWHAZNCHS values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWHAZNCHS by 100 will yield a child's height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate chronic malnutrition, and HAZ scores below -3 to represent severe chronic malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWHAZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has continued to release anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. The variable HWHAZWHO (HC70) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate height-for-age Z-scores. This variable was generated for all DHS samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. The complementary DHS variable HWHTAPCT (HW4) reports the child's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in HWHAZNCHS. The complementary DHS variable HWHTAPCTRM (HW9) reports the child's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature [URL omitted from DDI.] for further discussion. IPUMS Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHTAPCTRM (HW6) reports the child's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition, HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. The similar variable HWHTAPCT (HW4) reports the child's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. For an alternative measure of child stunting in terms of height-for-age, see HWHAZNCHS (HW5). HWHAZNCHS reports the difference between the child's height and the median height of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Whether child measured, and, if not, why not Whether child measured, and, if not, why not Whether child measured, and, if not, why not Whether child measured, and, if not, why not Whether child measured, and, if not, why not 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 10 Measured 20 Not measured 21 Dead 22 Sick 23 Not present 24 Refused 25 Mother refused 26 Child asleep 27 Other 97 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HWWHYNOTMEAS (HW13) indicates whether the child was measured for height and weight or, if not, why the child was not measured. All "no" responses have a common first digit of "2," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., consent refused, dead, sick). IPUMS Child's height measured lying down or standing up Child's height measured lying down or standing up Child's height measured lying down or standing up Child's height measured lying down or standing up Child's height measured lying down or standing up 507. MEASURED LYING DOWN OR STANDING UP? LYING DOWN 1 STANDING UP 2 NOT MEASURED 3 Not measured 1 Lying down 2 Standing up 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 6 Inconsistent HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) reports whether the height of children under age 5 was measured when they were lying down or standing up. According to the DHS Recode Manuals: In DHS surveys, children aged less than 24 months are to be measured lying down, children 24 months or older are to be measured standing up. There may, however, be a considerable discrepancy between policy and practice! IPUMS Child's day of birth Child's day of birth Child's day of birth Child's day of birth Child's day of birth 503. What is (NAME'S) birth date? IF MOTHER INTERVIEWED, COPY MONTH AND YEAR FROM BIRTH HIST ORY AND ASK DAY OF BIRTH; IF MOTHER NOT INTERVIEWED, ASK DAY, MONTH AND YEAR OF BIRTH DAY ______ MONTH ______ YEAR ______ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWDAYOFBIRTH (HW16) reports the day of the month on which the child was born. The DHS recode manuals for Phase 2 forward report that the day of birth of the child is used in conjunction with the date of measurement of the child to more finely calculate the age of the child in days when computing anthropometric measures. This level of accuracy can be important in very young children. The age of the child calculated from the day of birth information is not used as a background characteristic for tabulations, but purely to produce a more accurate set of anthropometric measures. DHS analysis thus uses HWDAYOFBIRTH and the date of the child's height and weight measurement to precisely calculate child malnutrition indicators such as height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight) Z-scores. IPUMS Day of measurement Day of measurement Day of measurement Day of measurement Day of measurement 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWDAYMEAS (HW17) indicates the day of the month on which the child's height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. The child's age in days on the day of measurement is used in DHS calculations of anthropometric Z-scores. The complementary variables HWMONTHMEAS and HWYEARMEAS report the month and the year, respectively, of the child's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Month of measurement Month of measurement Month of measurement Month of measurement Month of measurement 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWMONTHMEAS (HW18) reports the month of the year during which the child's height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. The complementary variables HWDAYMEAS and HWYEARMEAS report the day (of the month) and the year, respectively, of the child's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Year of measurement Year of measurement Year of measurement Year of measurement Year of measurement 2016 2016 2015 2015 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 2018 2018 For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWYEARMEAS (HW19) reports the year during which the child's height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. The complementary variables HWDAYMEAS and HWMONTHMEAS report the day and the month, respectively, of the child's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 9995 Height out of plausible limits 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHAZWHO (HW70) reports the difference between the child's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWHAZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWHAZWHO by 100 will yield a child's height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate chronic malnutrition, and HAZ below -3 to represent severe chronic malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWHAZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated height-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.], which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWHAZNCHS reports the child's height-for-age Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9995 Height out of plausible limits 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWAZWHO (HW71) reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWWAZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWWAZWHO by 100 will yield a child's weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) value. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is a composite indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate malnutrition, and WAZ below -3 to represent severe malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWWAZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated weight-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data, which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWWAZNCHS (HW8) reports the child's weight-for-age Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9995 Height out of plausible limits 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWHZWHO (HW72) reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWWHZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWWHZWHO by 100 will yield a child's weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) value. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate acute malnutrition, and WHZ below -3 to represent severe acute malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWWHZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated weight-for-height Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data, which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWWHZNCHS (H11) reports the child's weight-for-height Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. See HWHEIGHT and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. IPUMS Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9995 Height out of plausible limits 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWBMIZWHO (HW73) reports the difference between the child's body mass index (BMI) and the median BMI of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWBMIZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWBMIZWHO by 100 will yield a child's BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ) value. BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared. Considered in relation to a reference population, child BMI-for-age is valuable for assessing either underweight or overweight status, and particularly useful in settings where child malnutrition and child obesity coexist. Reference populations used to generate HWBMIZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated BMI-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. DHS does not calculate BMI-for-age measures using the reference populations that preceded WHO MGRS (the 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics International Growth Reference data). The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in the DHS. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. See HWHEIGHT and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Consent granted to draw blood for hemoglobin test Consent granted to draw blood for hemoglobin test Consent granted to draw blood for hemoglobin test Consent granted to draw blood for hemoglobin test Consent granted to draw blood for hemoglobin test 512. READ ANEMIATEST CONSENT STATEMENT TO PARENT/OTHER ADULT RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILD. CIRCLE CODE AND SIGN. GRANTED 1 (SIGN) _______ REFUSED 2 (SIGN) ________ 11 Granted, but no signature 10 Granted 20 Not granted 21 Refused 22 Not present 23 Consent statement not read 24 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HEMOCONSENT (HW52) indicates whether permission was granted for the person's blood to be drawn and tested for hemoglobin level (as an indicator of anemia) or, if not, why not. Interviewers read a statement about hemoglobin testing and requested permission to draw and test the individual's blood for hemoglobin level; blood was drawn only if consent was given by the persons themselves (if adults) or by a parent or guardian (if a minor). IPUMS Hemoglobin level (gram/deciliter) Hemoglobin level (gram/deciliter) Hemoglobin level (gram/deciliter) Hemoglobin level (gram/deciliter) Hemoglobin level (gram/deciliter) 513. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 994 Information not collected (CS) 995 Not present 996 Refused 997 Other 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) HEMOLEVEL (HW53) reports the level of hemoglobin in the child's blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. HEMOLEVEL is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. For a summary statement of the child's anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see ANEMIALVLKID (HW57). IPUMS Whether hemoglobin level tested Whether hemoglobin level tested Whether hemoglobin level tested Whether hemoglobin level tested Whether hemoglobin level tested 513. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 10 Measured 20 Not measured 21 Dead 22 Not present 23 Refused 24 Technical problem 25 Other 97 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HEMOTEST (HW55) indicates whether the person's hemoglobin level was tested from a blood draw by DHS personnel or, if not, why the person's hemoglobin level was not measured. All "no" responses have a common first digit of "2," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., consent refused versus technical problem). IPUMS Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude 513. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9997 Inconsistent 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) HEMOLEVELALT (HW56) reports the level of hemoglobin in the child's blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel, and adjusted for altitude. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. HEMOLEVELALT is a 4-digit numeric variable with 1 implied decimal place. The USAID publication Adjusting Hemoglobin Values in Program Surveys [URL omitted from DDI.] explains, "At elevations above 1000 m. hemoglobin concentrations increase as an adaptive response to the lower partial pressure of oxygen and reduced oxygen saturation of blood." The report further provides an equation for adjusting hemoglobin values in altitudes at 500-meter intervals, and explains that adjustment is important because "WHO hemoglobin cutoffs for anemia refer to sea-level values." For a summary statement of the child's anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see ANEMIALVLKID (HW57). IPUMS Anemia level of child Anemia level of child Anemia level of child Anemia level of child Anemia level of child 513. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 1 Severe 2 Moderate 3 Mild 4 Not anemic 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANEMIALVLKID (HW57) reports the child's level of anemia, from severely anemic to not anemic, based on hemoglobin levels in blood drawn by DHS personnel. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "[Hemoglobin] Levels below 7.0 g/dl are considered as severe anemia, levels between 7.1g/dl and 9.9g/dl are considered as moderate anemia, and cases between 10.0 g/dl and 10.9 g/dl are considered as mild anemia." IPUMS Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARE indicates whether the child's mother received any antenatal care while the child was in utero. This variable is the inverse of ANCARENONE (M2N). IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARENURM (M2B) indicates whether a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. Some samples in the "ANCARE" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category in ANCARENURM. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included in this variable by country. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARETBA (M2G) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Community/village health worker gave prenatal care Community/village health worker gave prenatal care Community/village health worker gave prenatal care Community/village health worker gave prenatal care Community/village health worker gave prenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCAREHW (M2H) indicates whether a community or village health worker gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. Wording for this category varies slightly across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCAREOTH (M2K) indicates whether some other (unspecified) person gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARENONE (M2N) indicates whether the child's mother did not receive antenatal care while the child was in utero. The structure of the question varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, and whose mothers received antenatal care while the child was in utero (ANCARE), ANVISMO (M13) indicates the timing of the mother's first antenatal visit during that pregnancy, in months from the start of the pregnancy. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero 00 0 visits 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 (or 20+) 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 (or 30+) 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 80 80 88 88 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, ANVISNO (M14) reports the number of antenatal visits the mother had while the child was in utero. Children whose mothers did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. The related variable ANVISNOTOP20 supplies the same material with a consistently applied top-code of 20+ visits. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 00 0 visits 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, ANVISNOTOP20 reports the number of antenatal visits the mother had while the child was in utero, with values topcoded at 20+ visits. Children whose mothers did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. The related variable ANVISNO supplies the same material without imposing a consistent topcode. IPUMS Antenatal care received: Mother's blood pressure taken Antenatal care received: Mother's blood pressure taken Antenatal care received: Mother's blood pressure taken Antenatal care received: Mother's blood pressure taken Antenatal care received: Mother's blood pressure taken No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care while the child was in utero, ANCAREBP (M42C) indicates whether the mother's blood pressure was taken at least once during antenatal care. IPUMS Antenatal care received: Mother's blood sample taken Antenatal care received: Mother's blood sample taken Antenatal care received: Mother's blood sample taken Antenatal care received: Mother's blood sample taken Antenatal care received: Mother's blood sample taken No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care while the child was in utero, ANCAREBLD (M42E) indicates whether a blood sample was taken at least once during antenatal care. IPUMS Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken Antenatal care received: Urine sample taken No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care while the child was in utero, ANCAREUR (M42D) indicates whether a urine sample was taken from the mother at least once during antenatal care. IPUMS Number of tetanus injections before birth Number of tetanus injections before birth Number of tetanus injections before birth Number of tetanus injections before birth Number of tetanus injections before birth 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, ANTETNUSNO (M1) indicates whether, and how many, tetanus (toxicoid) injections were given to the mother while the child was in utero, to avoid convulsions after birth. For a similar variable that only reports whether a tetanus injection was received, see ANTETNUS. IPUMS Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy Number of tetanus injections before pregnancy 00 Received no injection 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey to women who received fewer than 2 tetanus injections while the child was in utero, PRETETNUSNO (M1A) reports the number of tetanus injections the mother received before that pregnancy began. IPUMS Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy Years between prior tetanus injection and the pregnancy 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey to women who received at least one tetanus injection before the child was in utero, PRETETNUSAGO (M1D) reports the number of years between that tetanus injection and the beginning of that pregnancy. IPUMS Mother had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy Mother had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy Mother had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy Mother had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy Mother had difficulty with daylight vision during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANVISION (M47) indicates whether the child's mother had difficulty with daylight vision while the child was in utero. IPUMS Mother had difficulty with night vision during pregnancy Mother had difficulty with night vision during pregnancy Mother had difficulty with night vision during pregnancy Mother had difficulty with night vision during pregnancy Mother had difficulty with night vision during pregnancy No 1 Yes 2 Already blind 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANNITE (M48) indicates whether the child's mother had difficulty with night blindness while the child was in utero. IPUMS Mother took no drug for malaria during pregnancy Mother took no drug for malaria during pregnancy Mother took no drug for malaria during pregnancy Mother took no drug for malaria during pregnancy Mother took no drug for malaria during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANMALNONE (M49Y) indicates whether the child's mother took no antimalarial drug while the child was in utero. IPUMS Mother took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy Mother took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy Mother took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy Mother took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy Mother took SP/Fansidar for malaria during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANMALSP (M49A) indicates whether the child's mother took the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP), also known as Fansidar, while the child was in utero. Other common trade names include Maloxine, Malafan, Metakelfin (sulphamethoxypyrazine/pyrimethamine), Novidar, and Amalar. IPUMS Mother took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy Mother took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy Mother took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy Mother took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy Mother took chloroquine for malaria during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANMALCHLOR (M49B) indicates whether the child's mother took the antimalarial drug chloroquine while the child was in utero. IPUMS Mother took other drug for malaria during pregnancy Mother took other drug for malaria during pregnancy Mother took other drug for malaria during pregnancy Mother took other drug for malaria during pregnancy Mother took other drug for malaria during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANMALOTH (M49X) indicates whether the child's mother took some other antimalarial drug while the child was in utero. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. IPUMS Unknown which/whether antimalarial drug taken by mother during pregnancy Unknown which/whether antimalarial drug taken by mother during pregnancy Unknown which/whether antimalarial drug taken by mother during pregnancy Unknown which/whether antimalarial drug taken by mother during pregnancy Unknown which/whether antimalarial drug taken by mother during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANMALDK (M49Z) indicates whether it was unknown if the child's mother took an antimalarial drug while the child was in utero, or if she did not know the name of the drug taken. IPUMS Times mother took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy Times mother took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy Times mother took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy Times mother took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy Times mother took SP/Fansidar during pregnancy 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children born to women who took SP/Fansidar while the child was in utero, ANMALSPNO (ML1) reports the number of times the mother took SP/Fansidar during the pregnancy. IPUMS Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy Source for SP/Fansidar during pregnancy 1 Antenatal visit 2 Another facility visit 3 Other source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the five years before the survey to women who received antenatal care and took SP/Fansidar while the child was in utero, ANMALSPSRC (ML2) indicates whether the SP/Fansidar came from an antenatal care visit, another visit to a health facility, or from some other source. This drug is used to treat malaria. IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave prenatal care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARETZ1 indicates whether a doctor/medical assistant/assistant medical officer gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave prenatal care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARETZ3 indicates whether a Maternal and Child health aide gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARETZ4 indicates whether a clinical officer gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave prenatal care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARETZ5 indicates whether an assistant clinical officer gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Home Place for antenatal care: Home Place for antenatal care: Home Place for antenatal care: Home Place for antenatal care: Home No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCHOME (M57A) indicates whether the mothers received care at their own home. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCHOME may also be interested in ANCHOMEOTH (received antenatal care at some "other" home). IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Public hospital Place for antenatal care: Public hospital Place for antenatal care: Public hospital Place for antenatal care: Public hospital Place for antenatal care: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCPUBHOS (M57E) indicates whether the mothers received care at a public hospital. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as ANCPUBHOS, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ANCPUBHOS. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Public health center Place for antenatal care: Public health center Place for antenatal care: Public health center Place for antenatal care: Public health center Place for antenatal care: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCPUBHC (M57F) indicates whether the mothers received care at a public health center. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as ANCPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ANCPUBHC. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Public health post Place for antenatal care: Public health post Place for antenatal care: Public health post Place for antenatal care: Public health post Place for antenatal care: Public health post No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCPUBHP (M57G) indicates whether the mothers received care at a public health post. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic Place for antenatal care: Private hospital/clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCPRIVHOS (M57M) indicates whether the mothers received care at a private hospital or clinic. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as ANCPRIVHOS, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission hospital, health center, dispensary Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission hospital, health center, dispensary Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission hospital, health center, dispensary Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission hospital, health center, dispensary Place for antenatal care: Religious/mission hospital, health center, dispensary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCPRIVMIS indicates whether the mothers received care at a faith-based health facility. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as ANCPRIVMIS, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Other Place for antenatal care: Other Place for antenatal care: Other Place for antenatal care: Other Place for antenatal care: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCOTHER (M57X) indicates whether the mothers received care at some "other" source. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish ANCOTHER from ANCPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and ANCPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). ANCOTHER includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sectors. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCTZ1 indicates whether they received care at a public "regional hospital." This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ1 is combined with ANCTZ2 (public district hospital) and ANCTZ3 (public referral hospital) in ANCPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, ANCTZ1 is combined with ANCTZ2, ANCTZ3, and ANCTZ4 (public regional referral hospital) in ANCPUBHOS for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ1 are encouraged to review ANCPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCTZ2 indicates whether they received care at a public "district hospital." This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ2 is combined with ANCTZ1 (public regional hospital) and ANCTZ3 (public referral hospital) in ANCPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, ANCTZ2 is combined with ANCTZ1, ANCTZ3, and ANCTZ4 (public regional referral hospital) in ANCPUBHOS for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ2 are encouraged to review ANCPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Referral hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCTZ3 indicates whether they received care at a public "referral hospital." This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ3 is combined with ANCTZ1 (public regional hospital) and ANCTZ2 (public district hospital) in ANCPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, ANCTZ3 is combined with ANCTZ1, ANCTZ2, and ANCTZ4 (public regional referral hospital) in ANCPUBHOS for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ3 are encouraged to review ANCPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCTZ8 indicates whether they received care at a religious referral/specialist hospital. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ8 is combined with ANCTZ9 (religious district hospital), ANCTZ10 (religious health center), and ANCTZ11 (religious dispensary) in ANCPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004, 2010, 2015 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ8 are encouraged to review ANCPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious district hospital (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCTZ9 indicates whether they received care at a religious district hospital. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ9 is combined with ANCTZ8 (religious referral/specialist hospital), ANCTZ10 (religious health center), and ANCTZ11 (religious dispensary) in ANCPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004, 2010, 2015 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ9 are encouraged to review ANCPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious health center (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCTZ10 indicates whether they received care at a religious health center. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ10 is combined with ANCTZ8 (religious referral/specialist hospital), ANCTZ9 (religious district hospital), and ANCTZ11 (religious dispensary) in ANCPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004, 2010, 2015 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ10 are encouraged to review ANCPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) Place for antenatal care: Religious dispensary (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care, ANCTZ11 indicates whether they received care at a religious dispensary. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "ANC" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ANCTZ11 is combined with ANCTZ8 (religious referral/specialist hospital), ANCTZ9 (religious district hospital), and ANCTZ10 (religious health center) in ANCPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004, 2010, 2015 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ANCTZ11 are encouraged to review ANCPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Mother took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy Mother took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy Mother took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy Mother took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy Mother took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANIRON (M45) indicates whether the child's mother took iron tablets or syrup while the child was in utero. IPUMS Days mother took antenatal iron supplement Days mother took antenatal iron supplement Days mother took antenatal iron supplement Days mother took antenatal iron supplement Days mother took antenatal iron supplement 000 Not taken 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received or purchased an iron supplement while the child was in utero, ANIROND (M46) indicates the number of days the child's mother took iron tablets or syrup. IPUMS Mother told about pregnancy complications Mother told about pregnancy complications Mother told about pregnancy complications Mother told about pregnancy complications Mother told about pregnancy complications No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children whose mothers received antenatal care while the child was in utero, ANCARECOM (M43) indicates whether the child's mother was told about the signs of pregnancy complications during antenatal care. IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) 10 Larger than average 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Smaller than average 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the last three to five years, BIRTHSZ (M18) indicates the size of the child at birth, reported subjectively by the mother. IPUMS Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, BIRTHWT (M19) reports the child's birthweight in kilos with three implied decimal places (or, alternatively stated, in grams with no decimal places). Children who were not weighed are coded 9996. IPUMS Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Source of weight at birth (health card or recall) Not weighed 1 From written card 2 From mother's recall 3 Other answers 7 Don't know 8 Missing For children born in the three to five years before the survey, BIRTHWTREF (M19A) indicates whether the child's reported weight at birth (BIRTHWT) was recorded from a health card or based on the mother's recall. Children who were not weighed at birth are coded 0. IPUMS Child delivered by caesarian section Child delivered by caesarian section Child delivered by caesarian section Child delivered by caesarian section Child delivered by caesarian section No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELCESR (M17) indicates whether the child was born by caesarian section. Question wording varied somewhat across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Place child was delivered Place child was delivered Place child was delivered Place child was delivered Place child was delivered 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2412 Sub-health post 2413 Outreach clinic 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2432 Field worker 2433 Community midwife 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3530 Private health post 3600 Private family planning clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4130 Marie Stopes 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 5900 Other religious/mission 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, DELPL (M15) reports where the child was delivered. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELNURM (M3B) indicates whether a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) assisted with the child's delivery. Some samples in the "DEL" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as DELNURM, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories in this variable. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELTBA (M3G) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant assisted with the child's delivery. Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELREL (M3H) indicates whether a relative assisted with the child's delivery. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care 9 NIU (not in universe) No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELOTH (M3K) indicates whether some other person assisted with the child's delivery. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No, received care 1 Yes, received no care 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELNONE (M3N) indicates whether no one assisted with the child's delivery. IPUMS Why not delivered in health facility: Cost Why not delivered in health facility: Cost Why not delivered in health facility: Cost Why not delivered in health facility: Cost Why not delivered in health facility: Cost No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children born at home in the five years before the survey, DELHMCOST (M65A) indicates whether cost was a reason why the child was not delivered in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not delivered in health facility: Facility not open Why not delivered in health facility: Facility not open Why not delivered in health facility: Facility not open Why not delivered in health facility: Facility not open Why not delivered in health facility: Facility not open No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children born at home in the five years before the survey, DELHMHRS (M65B) indicates whether the health facility not being open was a reason why the child was not delivered in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not delivered in health facility: Too far/no transport Why not delivered in health facility: Too far/no transport Why not delivered in health facility: Too far/no transport Why not delivered in health facility: Too far/no transport Why not delivered in health facility: Too far/no transport No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children born at home in the five years before the survey, DELHMTRAN (M65C) indicates whether the facility being far away or having no transportation was a reason why the child was not delivered in a health facility. The two rationales were combined in a single response category ("Too far/no transportation") on the survey form when the interviewer recorded all reasons given to the open-ended inquiry. IPUMS Why not delivered in health facility: Don't trust/poor service Why not delivered in health facility: Don't trust/poor service Why not delivered in health facility: Don't trust/poor service Why not delivered in health facility: Don't trust/poor service Why not delivered in health facility: Don't trust/poor service No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children born at home in the five years before the survey, DELHMSERV (M65D) indicates whether not trusting the health facility or poor quality service was a reason why the child was not delivered in a health facility. The two rationales were combined in a single response category ("Don't trust facility/poor quality service") on the survey form when the interviewer recorded all reasons given to the open-ended inquiry. IPUMS Why not delivered in health facility: No female provider Why not delivered in health facility: No female provider Why not delivered in health facility: No female provider Why not delivered in health facility: No female provider Why not delivered in health facility: No female provider 8 Missing 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) No For last-born children born at home in the five years before the survey, DELHMFMD (M65E) indicates whether the lack of a female provider was a reason why the child was not delivered in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not delivered in health facility: Husband/family won't allow Why not delivered in health facility: Husband/family won't allow Why not delivered in health facility: Husband/family won't allow Why not delivered in health facility: Husband/family won't allow Why not delivered in health facility: Husband/family won't allow No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children born at home in the five years before the survey, DELHMPERM (M65F) indicates whether the mother's husband/family not giving permission was a reason why the child was not delivered in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not delivered in health facility: Not necessary Why not delivered in health facility: Not necessary Why not delivered in health facility: Not necessary Why not delivered in health facility: Not necessary Why not delivered in health facility: Not necessary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children born at home in the five years before the survey, DELHMNOND (M65G) indicates whether it being unnecessary was a reason why the child was not delivered in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not delivered in health facility: Not customary Why not delivered in health facility: Not customary Why not delivered in health facility: Not customary Why not delivered in health facility: Not customary Why not delivered in health facility: Not customary No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children born at home in the five years before the survey, DELHMCUS (M65H) indicates whether it not being customary was a reason why the child was not delivered in a health facility. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason Why not deliver in health facility: Other reason No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children under age 5, DELHMOTH (M65X) indicates whether the child was not delivered in a health facility for some "other" reason than those specified in a given survey. The interviewer recorded all reasons mentioned. IPUMS Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) Doctor/medical assistant/AMO gave delivery care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the five years preceding the survey, DELTZ1 indicates whether a doctor/medical assistant/assistant medical officer assisted with the child's delivery. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) Maternal and Child health aide gave delivery care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the five years preceding the survey, DELTZ3 indicates whether a Maternal and Child Health aide assisted with the child's delivery. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the five years preceding the survey, DELTZ4 indicates whether a clinical officer assisted with the child's delivery. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) Assistant clinical officer gave delivery care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the five years, DELTZ5 indicates whether an assistant clinical officer assisted with the child's delivery. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) Village health worker gave delivery care (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the five years preceding the survey, DELTZ6 indicates a village health worker assisted with the child's delivery. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. IPUMS Child has birth certificate Child has birth certificate Child has birth certificate Child has birth certificate Child has birth certificate 100 No 110 Never had certificate 120 Had certificate 121 Vaccination dates recorded 122 Vaccination dates not recorded 200 Yes 210 Yes, seen 211 Vaccination dates recorded 212 Vaccination dates not recorded 213 Short certificate 214 Long certificate 215 Both long and short certificate 220 Yes, not seen 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHCERT indicates whether the child has a birth certificate. IPUMS Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth Received birth notification from health facility of child's birth No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children who were born in a health facility, BNOTIFHF indicates whether the health facility gave the mother a birth notification form or letter after the child was born. IPUMS Received birth notification from other place Received birth notification from other place Received birth notification from other place Received birth notification from other place Received birth notification from other place No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BNOTIFOTH indicates whether the child's mother received a birth notification from some other place. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. IPUMS Mother's health checked after discharge/home delivery Mother's health checked after discharge/home delivery Mother's health checked after discharge/home delivery Mother's health checked after discharge/home delivery Mother's health checked after discharge/home delivery No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children under age 5 who were either a) delivered at home/away from a medical facility, or b) delivered at a medical facility where their mother did not receive a health check before being discharged, DELPPCHKA (M66) indicates whether the child's mother received a postpartum health check sometime after the delivery of the child. IPUMS How long after delivery mother's health check took place How long after delivery mother's health check took place How long after delivery mother's health check took place How long after delivery mother's health check took place How long after delivery mother's health check took place 100 Immediately/within first hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 199 Hours, number missing 200 Less than 1 day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 299 Days, number missing 300 Less than 1 week 301 1 week 302 2 weeks 303 3 weeks 304 4 weeks 305 5 weeks 306 6 weeks 307 7 weeks 308 8 weeks 309 9 weeks 310 10 weeks 311 11 weeks 312 12 weeks 313 13 weeks 314 14 weeks 315 15 weeks 316 16 weeks 317 17 weeks 318 18 weeks 319 19 weeks 320 20 weeks 321 21 weeks 322 22 weeks 323 23 weeks 324 24 weeks 325 25 weeks 326 26 weeks 327 27 weeks 328 28 weeks 329 29 weeks 330 30 weeks 331 31 weeks 332 32 weeks 333 33 weeks 334 34 weeks 335 35 weeks 336 36 weeks 337 37 weeks 338 38 weeks 339 39 weeks 340 40 weeks 341 41 weeks 342 42 weeks 343 43 weeks 344 44 weeks 345 45 weeks 346 46 weeks 347 47 weeks 348 48 weeks 349 49 weeks 350 50 weeks 351 51 weeks 352 52 weeks 353 53 weeks 354 54 weeks 355 55 weeks 356 56 weeks 357 57 weeks 358 58 weeks 359 59 weeks 360 60 weeks 361 61 weeks 362 62 weeks 363 63 weeks 364 64 weeks 365 65 weeks 366 66 weeks 367 67 weeks 368 68 weeks 369 69 weeks 370 70 weeks 371 71 weeks 372 72 weeks 373 73 weeks 374 74 weeks 375 75 weeks 376 76 weeks 377 77 weeks 378 78 weeks 379 79 weeks 380 80 weeks 381 81 weeks 382 82 weeks 383 83 weeks 384 84 weeks 385 85 weeks 386 86 weeks 387 87 weeks 388 88 weeks 389 89 weeks 390 90 weeks 399 Weeks, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children under age 5 who were either a) delivered away from a health facility or b) delivered at a health facility where their mother did not receive a health check before being discharged, DELPPCHKATM (M67) reports the time in hours, days, or weeks between the delivery and the mother's postpartum health check. The related variable DELPPCHKA (M66) indicates whether the child's mother received a postnatal health check. IPUMS Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home Person who checked respondent's health after discharge/delivery at home 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Health assistant 1913 Physician assistant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1923 MCH aide/worker 1924 Assistant clinical officer 1925 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1926 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1927 Community midwife 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2220 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 2300 Relative/friend 2400 Lady health worker 2500 Traditional practitioner 2510 Hakim 2520 Matron 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children under age five who were either a) delivered away from a health facility or b) delivered at a health facility where their mother did not receive a health check before being discharged, DELPPCHKAWHO (M68) reports who conducted their mother's postpartum health check. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place Where respondent's health check after discharge/delivery at home took place 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 TBA home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Community health center 2220 Urban health center 2230 Rural health center 2240 Category I health center 2250 Category II health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2300 Government outreach 2310 Government health post 2311 Village health post 2312 Sub-health post 2313 Outreach clinic 2320 Government mobile clinic 2330 Government health worker 2331 Community midwife 2400 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2500 Government pharmacy/dispensary 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health station/clinic 2902 Health office 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Specialty hospital 3120 Private clinic 3200 Private doctor 3210 Qualified doctor 3220 Unqualified doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private family planning clinic 3500 Private maternity home 3600 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3700 Private outreach 3710 Private health post 3720 Private mobile clinic 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 NGO static clinic 4120 NGO satellite clinic 4130 UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 CSI project 4202 BLM 4900 Other NGO facility 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center 5300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 5400 Religious health post 5900 Other religious/mission 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children under age five who were either a) delivered away from a health facility or b) delivered at a health facility where their mother did not receive a health check before being discharged, DELPPCHKALOC (M69) reports where the child's mother's postpartum health check took place. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Child's postnatal check within 2 months Child's postnatal check within 2 months Child's postnatal check within 2 months Child's postnatal check within 2 months Child's postnatal check within 2 months 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No For last-born children under age 5, PNBABCK (M70) indicates whether the child had a postnatal check within 2 months of delivery. IPUMS How long after delivery child's postnatal check took place How long after delivery child's postnatal check took place How long after delivery child's postnatal check took place How long after delivery child's postnatal check took place How long after delivery child's postnatal check took place 100 Immediately/within first hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 199 Hours, number missing 200 Less than 1 day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 299 Days, number missing 300 Less than 1 week 301 1 week 302 2 weeks 303 3 weeks 304 4 weeks 305 5 weeks 306 6 weeks 307 7 weeks 308 8 weeks 309 9 weeks 310 10 weeks 311 11 weeks 312 12 weeks 313 13 weeks 314 14 weeks 315 15 weeks 316 16 weeks 317 17 weeks 318 18 weeks 319 19 weeks 320 20 weeks 321 21 weeks 322 22 weeks 323 23 weeks 324 24 weeks 325 25 weeks 326 26 weeks 327 27 weeks 328 28 weeks 329 29 weeks 330 30 weeks 331 31 weeks 332 32 weeks 333 33 weeks 334 34 weeks 335 35 weeks 336 36 weeks 337 37 weeks 338 38 weeks 339 39 weeks 340 40 weeks 341 41 weeks 342 42 weeks 343 43 weeks 344 44 weeks 345 45 weeks 346 46 weeks 347 47 weeks 348 48 weeks 349 49 weeks 350 50 weeks 351 51 weeks 352 52 weeks 353 53 weeks 354 54 weeks 355 55 weeks 356 56 weeks 357 57 weeks 358 58 weeks 359 59 weeks 360 60 weeks 361 61 weeks 362 62 weeks 363 63 weeks 364 64 weeks 365 65 weeks 366 66 weeks 367 67 weeks 368 68 weeks 369 69 weeks 370 70 weeks 371 71 weeks 372 72 weeks 373 73 weeks 374 74 weeks 375 75 weeks 376 76 weeks 377 77 weeks 378 78 weeks 379 79 weeks 380 80 weeks 381 81 weeks 382 82 weeks 383 83 weeks 384 84 weeks 385 85 weeks 386 86 weeks 387 87 weeks 388 88 weeks 389 89 weeks 390 90 weeks 399 Weeks, number missing 997 Don't know 999 NIU (not in universe) 998 Missing For last-born children under age 5 who had a health check within 2 months of delivery, PNBABCKTM (M71) reports the amount of time that passed before the child's health check. See the related variable PNBABCK (M70) for more information. IPUMS Who performed newborn's postnatal check Who performed newborn's postnatal check Who performed newborn's postnatal check Who performed newborn's postnatal check Who performed newborn's postnatal check 1928 Community midwife 1927 Lady health visitor (LHV) 1913 Physician assistant 2240 Female communivy health volunteer (FCHV) 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Qualified doctor 1120 Unqualified doctor 1130 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1211 Nurse/clinical officer 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1240 Nurse/midwife/paramedic 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1912 Community skilled birth attendant 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Assistant clinical officer 1923 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 1924 Health assistant 1925 Health extension worker 1926 MCH aide/worker 1930 Family welfare center 1931 Family welfare visitor 1932 Family welfare assistant 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2130 TBA, unsure about training 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Community health mother and child 2220 Lady health worker 2230 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2300 Traditional practitioner 2310 Matron 2320 Village mother 2330 Homeopath 2340 Hakim 2400 NGO worker 2500 Relative/friend 2600 Dispenser/compounder 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children under age five who received a health check within two months of delivery, PNBABCKWHO (M72) reports who conducted the child's postpartum health check. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Where child's health check took place Where child's health check took place Where child's health check took place Where child's health check took place Where child's health check took place 4160 UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) 2510 Government MCH 2331 Community midwife 2330 Government healh worker 5900 Other religious/mission 4140 Marie Stopes 4130 Red Cross 3720 Private mobile clinic 3710 Private health post 2313 Outreach point 4150 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) 2170 Military hospital 2160 University hospital 2312 Sub-center or sub-post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 TBA home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2300 Government outreach 2310 Government health post 2311 Village health post 2320 Government mobile clinic 2400 Government family planning clinic 2500 Government maternity home 2600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health box 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 2905 Specialized medical school 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Specialty hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Polyclinic 3122 Clinic 3200 Private doctor 3210 Qualified doctor 3220 Unqualified doctor 3300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3400 Private health center 3500 Private family planning clinic 3600 Private maternity home 3700 Private outreach 3900 Other private medical 3901 Private medical school 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Satellite clinic 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 Egyptian FP association 4202 CSI project 4203 BLM 4900 Other NGO facility 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center 5300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 5400 Religious health post 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children under age five who received a health check within two months of delivery, PNBABCKLOC (M53) reports where the child's postnatal health check took place. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Mother's health checked before discharge Mother's health checked before discharge Mother's health checked before discharge Mother's health checked before discharge Mother's health checked before discharge 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) No For last-born children under age 5 who were delivered at a health facility, PPCHECK (M62) indicates whether the child's mother received a postpartum health check before she was discharged from the facility. IPUMS Timing of mother's health check before discharge Timing of mother's health check before discharge Timing of mother's health check before discharge Timing of mother's health check before discharge Timing of mother's health check before discharge 100 Zero hours 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 191 91 hours 192 92 hours 193 93 hours 194 94 hours 195 95 hours 196 96 hours 197 97 hours 198 98 hours 199 Hours: number missing 200 Days 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 291 91 days 292 92 days 293 93 days 294 94 days 295 95 days 296 96 days 297 97 days 298 98 days 299 Days: number missing 300 Weeks 301 1 week 302 2 weeks 303 3 weeks 304 4 weeks 305 5 weeks 306 6 weeks 307 7 weeks 308 8 weeks 309 9 weeks 310 10 weeks 311 11 weeks 312 12 weeks 313 13 weeks 314 14 weeks 315 15 weeks 316 16 weeks 317 17 weeks 318 18 weeks 319 19 weeks 320 20 weeks 321 21 weeks 322 22 weeks 323 23 weeks 324 24 weeks 325 25 weeks 326 26 weeks 327 27 weeks 328 28 weeks 329 29 weeks 330 30 weeks 331 31 weeks 332 32 weeks 333 33 weeks 334 34 weeks 335 35 weeks 336 36 weeks 337 37 weeks 338 38 weeks 339 39 weeks 340 40 weeks 341 41 weeks 342 42 weeks 343 43 weeks 344 44 weeks 345 45 weeks 346 46 weeks 347 47 weeks 348 48 weeks 349 49 weeks 350 50 weeks 351 51 weeks 352 52 weeks 353 53 weeks 354 54 weeks 355 55 weeks 356 56 weeks 357 57 weeks 358 58 weeks 359 59 weeks 360 60 weeks 361 61 weeks 362 62 weeks 363 63 weeks 364 64 weeks 365 65 weeks 366 66 weeks 367 67 weeks 368 68 weeks 369 69 weeks 370 70 weeks 371 71 weeks 372 72 weeks 373 73 weeks 374 74 weeks 375 75 weeks 376 76 weeks 377 77 weeks 378 78 weeks 379 79 weeks 380 80 weeks 381 81 weeks 382 82 weeks 383 83 weeks 384 84 weeks 385 85 weeks 386 86 weeks 387 87 weeks 388 88 weeks 389 89 weeks 390 90 weeks 391 91 weeks 392 92 weeks 393 93 weeks 394 94 weeks 395 95 weeks 396 96 weeks 397 97 weeks 398 98 weeks 399 Weeks: number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children under age 5 who were delivered at a health facility, and whose mothers received a health check before being discharged from the facility, PPCHECKTM (M63) reports the amount of time in hours, days, or weeks between the delivery and the mother's postpartum health check. IPUMS Person who checked respondent's health before discharge Person who checked respondent's health before discharge Person who checked respondent's health before discharge Person who checked respondent's health before discharge Person who checked respondent's health before discharge 2600 Dispenser/compounder 2500 Family welfare worker 1927 Community midwife 1926 Lady health visitor 1913 Physician assistant 2220 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 1912 Health assistant 1000 HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 1100 Doctor 1110 Doctor/clinical officer 1200 Nurse/midwife 1210 Nurse 1220 Midwife 1230 Nurse/midwife/LHV 1300 Auxiliary midwife 1900 Other health personnel 1910 Trained health personnel 1911 Clinical officer 1920 Limited training health personnel 1921 Patient attendant 1922 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1923 MCH aide/worker 1924 Assistant clinical officer 1925 Nursing aide/assistant nurse 2000 OTHER PERSON 2100 Traditional birth attendant 2110 Trained TBA 2120 Untrained TBA 2200 Community/village health worker 2210 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 2300 Relative/friend 2400 Lady health worker 9995 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For last-born children under age 5 who were delivered at a health facility, and whose mothers received a health check before being discharged from the facility, PPCHECKWHO (M64) reports who conducted their mother's postpartum health check. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Child's mother received Vitamin A does in first 2 months after delivery Child's mother received Vitamin A does in first 2 months after delivery Child's mother received Vitamin A does in first 2 months after delivery Child's mother received Vitamin A does in first 2 months after delivery Child's mother received Vitamin A does in first 2 months after delivery No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, PPVITA (M54) indicates whether the child's mother received a vitamin A dose in the first 2 months after delivery of the child in question. IPUMS Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence 93 Sex res/no duration 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, PPABMO (M8) indicates the duration, in months, of the mother's postpartum abstinence after the child was born. Children with mothers who were still abstaining at the time of interview were excluded from PPABMO, but they are included in the similar variable PPABMOC (M9). According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration were left with the original response, but are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG (M29) and are coded as "Inconsistent" on PPABMOC. IPUMS Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) 60 60+ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, PPABMOC (M9) reports the calculated months of the child's mother's postpartum abstinence, including the duration for mothers who were still abstaining at the time of the interview. The similar variable PPABMO also reports the calculated months of postpartum abstinence but excludes women who were still abstaining when interviewed. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG and are coded as "Inconsistent" in PPABMOC. IPUMS Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence 9 NIU (not in universe) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing PPABFLAG (M29) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the duration of mother's postpartum abstinence (in PPABMO), for mothers who had resumed sexual relations after the child was born (in the last three to five years). A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. IPUMS Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months 93 Pd. ret /no duration 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 For children born in the three to five years before the survey, PPAMHMO (M6) reports the duration, in months, of the mother's postpartum amenorrhea after delivery of the child. Children whose mothers' periods had not returned at the time of interview were excluded from PPAMHMO, but children whose mothers were still amenorrheic were included in calculations for the similar variable PPAMHMOC (M7). The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. IPUMS Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) PPAMHMOC (M9) reports the duration, in months, of mother's postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child, for children born in the three to five years preceding the survey. Mothers whose period had not returned before the following birth or prior to the interview were included in PPAMHMOC. By contrast, only children of women whose menses had resumed were included in the similar variable PPAMHMO. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the mother's following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original reporting of the duration of amenorrhea were recoded to "Inconsistent" (code "96" in IPUMS-DHS). In cases where the duration was one month longer than the interval, the duration was shortened by one month, consistent with Phase I. For Model "A" countries in Phase II only, if the duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea extended into her pregnancy in the calendar, the duration was shortened to the start of the following pregnancy. IPUMS Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea 1 No flag 2 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 4 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 6 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMFLAG (M28) reports the type of problem, if any, found in editing data on the duration of the child's mother's postpartum amenorrhea, for children born in the three to five years before the survey. Cases with no known problem are coded 0. For discussion of the editing rules implemented (by the survey administrators) for data on postpartum amenorrhea, see PPAMHMO and PPAMHMOC, IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, BRSFEDUR (M4) reports the calculated months of breastfeeding for those who are no longer being breastfed. The related variable BRSFEDMO (M5) differs by including children who were still breastfeeding at the time of the interview. The variable BRSFEDCAT provides categorical information about breastfeeding, by indicating whether children were ever breastfed, and, if so, whether they are still breastfeeding. The maximum period allowed for BRSFEDUR during the data editing (by survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of interview. See the "Comparability" tab for more information regarding comparability across phases. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, BRSFEDMO (M5) reports the calculated months of breastfeeding, including cases where 1) the child's mother was still breastfeeding at the time of the interview or 2) the child had been breastfed until his or her death. Cases in these two categories were excluded from the related variable BRSFEDUR on the duration of breastfeeding. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original report of the duration of breastfeeding were coded as "Inconsistent." In cases where the reported duration was one month longer than the relevant interval, the duration was shortened by one month. If the duration of breastfeeding exceeded the child's age at death, the duration of breastfeeding was changed to the child's age at death. IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration 9 NIU (not in universe) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, BRSFDFLAG (M27) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing responses on their duration of breastfeeding. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For duration of breastfeeding, see BRSFEDUR (M4). IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 160 60 hours 170 70 hours 180 80 hours 190 90 hours 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 291 91 days 292 92 days 293 93 days 294 94 days 295 95 days 296 96 days 297 97 days 298 98 days 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For children who were ever breastfed, BRSFEDST (M34) reports the length of time between the child's birth and when the child was first breastfed. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. IPUMS Times child breastfed during previous night Times child breastfed during previous night Times child breastfed during previous night Times child breastfed during previous night Times child breastfed during previous night 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey who are still breastfed, BRSFEDNITE (M35) reports how many times the child was breastfed the previous night between sunset and sunrise. IPUMS Times child breastfed during previous day Times child breastfed during previous day Times child breastfed during previous day Times child breastfed during previous day Times child breastfed during previous day 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey and who are still breastfeeding, BRSFEDAY (M36) reports how many times the child was breastfed the previous day during daylight hours. IPUMS Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours Times child fed any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in past 24 hours 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FEDANY24HX (M39) reports how many times the child ate any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The related variable FEDANY24H (M39A) indicates whether the child ate any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods in the previous 24 hours. IPUMS Child drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night Child drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night Child drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night Child drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night Child drank from bottle with nipple in last day or night No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For living children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, BRSFEDBOT (M38) indicates whether the child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. IPUMS Child taking iron pills, sprinkles, or syrup, past 7 days Child taking iron pills, sprinkles, or syrup, past 7 days Child taking iron pills, sprinkles, or syrup, past 7 days Child taking iron pills, sprinkles, or syrup, past 7 days Child taking iron pills, sprinkles, or syrup, past 7 days No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IRONSUPKID (H42) indicates whether the child took iron pills, sprinkles or syrup in the past 7 days. IPUMS Child was given Vitamin A in the last 6 months Child was given Vitamin A in the last 6 months Child was given Vitamin A in the last 6 months Child was given Vitamin A in the last 6 months Child was given Vitamin A in the last 6 months No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) VITA6MOKID (H34) indicates whether the child was given Vitamin A in the last 6 months. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child plain water in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child plain water in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child plain water in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child plain water in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child plain water in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDWATER24H (V409) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child plain water during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child plain water in the previous day, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDWATER24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother drank plain water during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDWATER24H (M37A) to determine whether the child drank plain water during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDWATER24HX (V469A) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child plain water during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDWATERWKD (V470A) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child plain water during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child coffee or tea in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child coffee or tea in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child coffee or tea in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child coffee or tea in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child coffee or tea in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDCOFTEA24H (V410A) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child coffee or tea during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child coffee or tea in the previous day, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDCOFTEA24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother drank coffee or tea during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDCOFTEA24H to determine whether the child drank coffee or tea during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDCOFTEA24HX reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child coffee or tea during the previous 24 hours. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child baby formula in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child baby formula in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child baby formula in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child baby formula in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child baby formula in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDFORM24H (V411F) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child infant formula during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child infant formula in the previous day, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDFORM24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother drank infant formula during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDFORM24H (M37F) to determine whether the child drank infant formula during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDFORM24HX (V469F) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child infant formula during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDFORMWKD (V470F) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child infant formula during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child tinned, powdered, or fresh milk in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child tinned, powdered, or fresh milk in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child tinned, powdered, or fresh milk in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child tinned, powdered, or fresh milk in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child tinned, powdered, or fresh milk in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDGENMILK24H (V411) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, in the previous day, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDGENMILK24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother drank any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDGENMILK24H to determine whether the child drank any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDGENMILK24HX (V469H) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDGENMILKWKD reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child fresh milk in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child fresh milk in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child fresh milk in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child fresh milk in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child fresh milk in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDFRMILK24H (V412) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child fresh animal milk during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. The complementary variable MAFEDTINMILK24H indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child tinned or powdered milk during the previous day. The complementary variable MAFEDGENMILK24H (V411) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, during the previous day. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child fresh animal milk in the previous day, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDFRMILK24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother drank fresh animal milk during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDFRMILK24H (M37G) to determine whether the child drank fresh animal milk during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDFRMILK24HX (V469G) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child fresh animal milk during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDFRMILKWKD (V470G) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child fresh animal milk during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child other liquid in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child other liquid in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child other liquid in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child other liquid in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child other liquid in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDOTHLIQ24H (V413) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child other liquids during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child other liquids in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDOTHLIQ24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother drank other liquids during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDOTHLIQ24H (M37L) to determine whether the child drank other liquids during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDOTHLIQ24HX (V469L) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child other liquids during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDOTHLIQWKD (V470L) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child other liquids during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child commerciall fortified baby food/cereal in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child commerciall fortified baby food/cereal in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child commerciall fortified baby food/cereal in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child commerciall fortified baby food/cereal in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child commerciall fortified baby food/cereal in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDCEREAL24H (V412A) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any commercially fortified baby food, such as Cerelac, during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child any commercially fortified baby food in the previous day, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDCEREAL24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate any commercially fortified baby food during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDCEREAL24H to determine whether the child ate any commercially fortified baby food during the previous day. See Comparability. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDPORR24H (V412B) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child porridge or gruel during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child porridge or gruel in the previous day, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDPORR24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate porridge or gruel during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDPORR24H to determine whether the child ate porridge or gruel during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDPORR24HX reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child porridge or gruel during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDPORRWKD reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child porridge or gruel during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child grain in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child grain in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child grain in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child grain in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child grain in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDGRAIN24H (V414E) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child bread, rice, noodles, porridge, or other foods made from grain during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child bread, rice, noodles, porridge, or other foods made from grain in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDGRAIN24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate bread, rice, noodles, porridge, or other foods made from grain during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDGRAIN24H (M37Q) to determine whether the child ate bread, rice, noodles, porridge, or other foods made from grain during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDGRAIN24HX (V469Q) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child bread, rice, noodles, porridge, or other foods made from grain during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDGRAINWKD (V470Q) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child bread, rice, noodles, porridge, or other foods made from grain during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child orange/yellow vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child orange/yellow vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child orange/yellow vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child orange/yellow vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child orange/yellow vegetables in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDYELVEG24H (V414I) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child pumpkin, carrots, squash, or sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange inside during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. Such yellow vegetables contain various essential nutrients, including vitamin A. MAFEDYELVEG24H describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child pumpkin, carrots, squash, or sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange inside in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDYELVEG24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate pumpkin, carrots, squash, or sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange inside during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDYELVEG24H (M37M) to determine whether the child ate pumpkin, carrots, squash, or sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange inside during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDYELVEG24HX (V469M) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child pumpkin, carrots, squash, or sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange inside during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDYELVEGWKD (V470M) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child pumpkin, carrots, squash, or sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange inside during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child local tubers in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child local tubers in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child local tubers in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child local tubers in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child local tubers in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDTUBER24H (V414F) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child white potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. These vegetables are a source of healthful nutrients but lack the vitamin A content of their yellow equivalents, such as sweet potatoes and orange yams. MAFEDTUBER24H describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. The complementary variable MAFEDYELVEG24H (V414I) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child pumpkin, carrots, squash, or sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange inside. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child white potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDTUBER24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate white potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDTUBER24H (M37R) to determine whether the child ate white potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDTUBER24HX (V469R) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child white potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDTUBERWKD (V470R) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child white potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child green leafy vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child green leafy vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child green leafy vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child green leafy vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child green leafy vegetables in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDGRNVEG24H (V414J) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any dark green, leafy vegetables during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child any dark green, leafy vegetables in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDGRNVEG24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate any dark green, leafy vegetables during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDGRNVEG24H (M37N) to determine whether the child ate any dark green, leafy vegetables during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDGRNVEG24HX (V469N) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any dark green, leafy vegetables during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDGRNVEGWKD (V470N) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any dark green, leafy vegetables during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child (other) fruits/vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child (other) fruits/vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child (other) fruits/vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child (other) fruits/vegetables in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child (other) fruits/vegetables in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDOFRTVEG24H (V414L) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child other fruits or vegetables during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific food categories included in a particular sample. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child other fruits or vegetables in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDOFRTVEG24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate other fruits or vegetables during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDOFRTVEG24H (M37U) to determine whether the child ate other fruits or vegetables during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDOFRTVEG24HX (V469U) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child other fruits or vegetables during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDOFRTVEGWKD (V470U) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child other fruits or vegetables during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child meat in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child meat in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child meat in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child meat in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child meat in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDMEAT24H (V414H) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any meat, such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, or duck, during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child meat in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDMEAT24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate meat during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDMEAT24H (M37T) to determine whether the child ate meat during the previous day. See Comparability. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child eggs in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child eggs in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child eggs in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child eggs in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child eggs in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDEGG24H (V414G) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child eggs during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child eggs in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDEGG24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate eggs during the previous day. See Comparability. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child legumes (beans, peas, nuts) in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child legumes (beans, peas, nuts) in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child legumes (beans, peas, nuts) in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child legumes (beans, peas, nuts) in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child legumes (beans, peas, nuts) in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDLEGUM24H (V414O) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child legumes (beans, peas, lentils, or nuts) during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. The related variable MAFEDNUTS24H indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child nuts during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. To maximize comparability, users may want to combine responses to MAFEDNUTS24H and MAFEDLEGUM24H. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child legumes in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDLEGUM24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate legumes during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDLEGUM24H (M37W) to determine whether the child ate legumes during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDLEGUM24HX (V469W) reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child legumes during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDLEGUMWKD (V470W) reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child legumes during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child sweets (candy, pastry) in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child sweets (candy, pastry) in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child sweets (candy, pastry) in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child sweets (candy, pastry) in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child sweets (candy, pastry) in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDSWEETS24H (V414R) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any sugary foods such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, cakes or biscuits during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child sugary foods in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDSWEETS24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate sugary foods during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDSWEETS24H, if available, to determine whether the child ate sugary food during the previous day. See Comparability. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child added sugar in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child added sugar in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child added sugar in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child added sugar in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child added sugar in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDADDSUG24H indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child food or drinks with added sugar during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child food or drinks with added sugar in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDADDSUG24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate food or drinks with added sugar during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDADDSUG24H (M56) to determine whether the child ate food or drinks with added sugar during the previous day. See Comparability. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child other solid, semi-solid, or soft food in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child other solid, semi-solid, or soft food in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child other solid, semi-solid, or soft food in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child other solid, semi-solid, or soft food in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child other solid, semi-solid, or soft food in past 24 hours No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDOTHER24H (V414S) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any other solid or semi-solid foods during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific food categories mentioned in a survey. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child any other solid or semi-solid foods in the previous day, all of her young children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDOTHER24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate any other solid or semi-solid foods during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDOTHER24H (M37P) to determine whether the child ate any other solid or semi-solid foods during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDOTHER24HX reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any other solid or semi-solid foods during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDOTHERWKD reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child any other solid or semi-solid foods during the past week. IPUMS Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days Any liquid other than breast milk given in first 3 days No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing For children born in the five years before the survey and who were ever breastfed, NBFEDANY (M55) indicates whether the child was given anything other than breast milk to drink in the first three days after delivery. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Milk No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDMILK (M55A) indicates whether the child was given milk in the first three days after delivery. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Formula No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDFORM (M55G) indicates whether the child was given infant formula in the first three days after delivery. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Fruit juice No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDJUI (M55F) indicates whether the child was given fruit juice in the first three days after delivery. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Gripe water No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDGP (M55D) indicates whether the child was given gripe water in the first three days after delivery. Gripe water is liquid (whose ingredients vary) that is given to infants to treat colic and other stomach ailments. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar and salt water solution No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDORT (M55E) indicates whether the child was given a sugar-salt-water solution in the first three days after delivery. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Sugar water No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDSUG (M55C) indicates whether the child was given sugar or glucose water in the first three days after delivery. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Plain water No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDWAT (M55B) indicates whether the child was given plain water in the first three days after delivery. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Tea/infusions No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDTEA (M55H) indicates whether the child was given tea/infusions in the first three days after delivery. Wording varied somewhat across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Honey No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the five years before the survey, NBFEDHON (M55I) indicates whether the child was given honey in the first three days after delivery. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDOTH (M55X) indicates whether the child was given some other liquid in the first three days after delivery. The meaning of "other" is relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing Liquids given before breastmilk, first 3 days: Nothing No 1 Yes, given nothing 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, NBFEDNO (M55Z) indicates whether the child was given nothing (i.e., no supplemental fluids) to drink in the first three days after delivery. Some children may have been fed the mother's colostrum, a nourishing milky fluid that comes from the breast before true milk appears. IPUMS Child given drugs for intestinal parasites in last 6 months Child given drugs for intestinal parasites in last 6 months Child given drugs for intestinal parasites in last 6 months Child given drugs for intestinal parasites in last 6 months Child given drugs for intestinal parasites in last 6 months No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WORMTREKID (H43) reports whether the child was given drugs for intestinal parasites in the last 6 months. IPUMS Child had cough/difficult breathing recently Child had cough/difficult breathing recently Child had cough/difficult breathing recently Child had cough/difficult breathing recently Child had cough/difficult breathing recently 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, past four weeks/month 22 Yes, last 24 hours 23 Yes, last 2 to 14 days 24 Yes, last two weeks 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5, COURECENT (H31) indicates whether the child experienced a cough in the past 2 weeks. Question wording differences may limit the comparability of COURECENT; see Comparability. IPUMS Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) COUSHORTBRE (H31B) indicates whether the child experienced fast, short, rapid breaths or difficulty breathing in the last 2 weeks. IPUMS Child with cough has problem in chest or sinuses only Child with cough has problem in chest or sinuses only Child with cough has problem in chest or sinuses only Child with cough has problem in chest or sinuses only Child with cough has problem in chest or sinuses only 1 Chest only 2 Nose only 3 Both 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who experienced fast or difficult breathing in the past 2 weeks, COUCHESTPROB (H31C) indicates whether the child's difficulty in breathing was due to a problem in the chest and/or a blocked or runny nose. IPUMS Amount offered child to drink when had cough Amount offered child to drink when had cough Amount offered child to drink when had cough Amount offered child to drink when had cough Amount offered child to drink when had cough Nothing to drink 2 Much less 3 Somewhat less 4 About the same 5 More 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had a cough in the past 2 weeks, COUFLUIDUPDN (H31D) indicates whether the child was given more, less, or the same amount of fluid as usual during the illness. Children receiving less fluid are further categorized into "somewhat less," "much less," and "nothing to drink." IPUMS Amount of food offered to child with cough Amount of food offered to child with cough Amount of food offered to child with cough Amount of food offered to child with cough Amount of food offered to child with cough Stopped food 1 Never gave food 2 Much less 3 Somewhat less 4 About the same 5 More 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had a cough in the past 2 weeks, COUFOODUPDN (H31E) indicates whether the child was given more, less, or the same amount of food as usual during the illness. Children receiving less food are further categorized into "somewhat less," "much less," and "stopped food." IPUMS Child had fever in last two/four weeks Child had fever in last two/four weeks Child had fever in last two/four weeks Child had fever in last two/four weeks Child had fever in last two/four weeks 10 No 20 Yes, fever 21 Yes, fever in last 2 weeks 22 Yes, fever in last 4 weeks 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, FEVRECENT (H22) indicates whether the child had a fever in recent weeks (most often in the previous two weeks). See Comparability. IPUMS Blood taken from child's finger or heel for testing Blood taken from child's finger or heel for testing Blood taken from child's finger or heel for testing Blood taken from child's finger or heel for testing Blood taken from child's finger or heel for testing No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had a fever in the past 2 weeks, FEVBLOODTEST (H47) indicates whether blood was taken from the child's finger or heel for testing. Such testing might have been done to determine whether malaria-causing parasites were in the blood. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: SP/Fansidar (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: SP/Fansidar (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: SP/Fansidar (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: SP/Fansidar (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: SP/Fansidar (antimalarial) 16 Given SP/Fansidar for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given SP/Fansidar 11 Given SP/Fansidar for fever 12 Given SP/Fansidar for cough 13 Given SP/Fansidar for fever or cough 14 Given SP/Fansidar for fever and cough 15 Given SP/Fansidar for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVSP (ML13A) indicates whether the child was given the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, also known as Fansidar. Other common trade names include Maloxine, Malafan, Metakelfin (sulphamethoxypyrazine/pyrimethamine), Novidar, and Amalar. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Chloroquine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Chloroquine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Chloroquine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Chloroquine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Chloroquine (antimalarial) 16 Given chloroquine for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given chloroquine 11 Given chloroquine for fever 12 Given chloroquine for cough 13 Given chloroquine for fever or cough 14 Given chloroquine for fever and cough 15 Given chloroquine for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVCHLOR (ML13B) indicates whether the child was given the antimalarial drug chloroquine. Chloroquine is also known as Nivaquine. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Amodiaquine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Amodiaquine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Amodiaquine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Amodiaquine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Amodiaquine (antimalarial) 16 Given amodiaquine for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given amodiaquine 11 Given amodiaquine for fever 12 Given amodiaquine for cough 13 Given amodiaquine for fever or cough 14 Given amodiaquine for fever and cough 15 Given amodiaquine for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVAMOQ (ML13C) indicates whether the child was given the antimalarial drug amodiaquine. Common trade names for amodiaquine include Camoquin and Flavoquine. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Quinine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Quinine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Quinine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Quinine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Quinine (antimalarial) 16 Given quinine for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given quinine 11 Given quinine for fever 12 Given quinine for cough 13 Given quinine for fever or cough 14 Given quinine for fever and cough 15 Given quinine for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVQUIN (ML13D) indicates whether the child was given the antimalarial drug quinine. A common trade name for quinine is Quinimax. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Artesunate (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Artesunate (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Artesunate (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Artesunate (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Artesunate (antimalarial) 16 Given artesunate for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given artesunate 11 Given artesunate for fever 12 Given artesunate for cough 13 Given artesunate for fever or cough 14 Given artesunate for fever and cough 15 Given artesunate for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVARTES indicates whether the child was given the antimalarial drug artesunate. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Artemether-lumefantrine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Artemether-lumefantrine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Artemether-lumefantrine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Artemether-lumefantrine (antimalarial) Child's fever/cough treated by: Artemether-lumefantrine (antimalarial) 00 No 10 Yes, child given artemether-lumefantrine 11 Given artemether-lumefantrine for fever 12 Given artemether-lumefantrine for cough 13 Given artemether-lumefantrine for fever or cough 14 Given artemether-lumefantrine for fever and cough 15 Given artemether-lumefantrine for fever or convulsions 16 Given artemether-lumefantrine for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVAL indicates whether the child was given the antimalarial drug artemether-lumefantrine (AL or LA), also known as Coartem. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Other antimalarial Child's fever/cough treated by: Other antimalarial Child's fever/cough treated by: Other antimalarial Child's fever/cough treated by: Other antimalarial Child's fever/cough treated by: Other antimalarial 16 Given other antimalarial for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given other antimalarial 11 Given other antimalarial for fever 12 Given other antimalarial for cough 13 Given other antimalarial for fever or cough 14 Given other antimalarial for fever and cough 15 Given other antimalarial for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVOTHMAL (ML13H) indicates whether the child was given some other antimalarial drug. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Aspirin Child's fever/cough treated by: Aspirin Child's fever/cough treated by: Aspirin Child's fever/cough treated by: Aspirin Child's fever/cough treated by: Aspirin 16 Given aspirin for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given aspirin 11 Given aspirin for fever 12 Given aspirin for cough 13 Given aspirin for fever or cough 14 Given aspirin for fever and cough 15 Given aspirin for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVASP (ML13K) indicates whether the child was given aspirin. The related variable FEVGIVASPARA indicates whether the child was given aspirin/paracetamol. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Ibuprofen/acetaminophen Child's fever/cough treated by: Ibuprofen/acetaminophen Child's fever/cough treated by: Ibuprofen/acetaminophen Child's fever/cough treated by: Ibuprofen/acetaminophen Child's fever/cough treated by: Ibuprofen/acetaminophen 16 Given ibuprofen/acetaminophen for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given ibuprofen/acetaminophen 11 Given ibuprofen/acetaminophen for fever 12 Given ibuprofen/acetaminophen for cough 13 Given ibuprofen/acetaminophen for fever or cough 14 Given ibuprofen/acetaminophen for fever and cough 15 Given ibuprofen/acetaminophen for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVIBACET indicates whether the child was given ibuprofen/acetaminophen. The following related variables contain medicines that overlap with this variable: Child given ibuprofen is listed as FEVGIVIBU (ML13M) Child given acetaminophen for fever/cough is listed as FEVGIVACET (ML13L) Child given aspirin/paracetamol for fever/cough is listed as FEVGIVASPARA A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Other Child's fever/cough treated by: Other Child's fever/cough treated by: Other Child's fever/cough treated by: Other Child's fever/cough treated by: Other 16 Given other medicine for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given other 11 Given other medicine for fever 12 Given other medicine for cough 13 Given other medicine for fever or cough 14 Given other medicine for fever and cough 15 Given other medicine for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVOTH (ML13X) indicates whether the child was given some other medicine. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in the sample. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing 16 Given nothing for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given nothing 11 Given nothing for fever 12 Given nothing for cough 13 Given nothing for fever or cough 14 Given nothing for fever and cough 15 Given nothing for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVNONE (ML13Y) indicates whether the child was given no medicine. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received no drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given no drug for a fever 12: The child was given no drug for a cough 13: The child was given no drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given no drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given no drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given no drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Don't know Child's fever/cough treated by: Don't know Child's fever/cough treated by: Don't know Child's fever/cough treated by: Don't know Child's fever/cough treated by: Don't know 16 Don't know if/what given for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, don't know if/what child given 11 Don't know if/what given for fever 12 Don't know if/what given for cough 13 Don't know if/what given for fever or cough 14 Don't know if/what given for fever and cough 15 Don't know if/what given for fever or convulsions 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVDK (ML13Z) indicates whether the child's mother did not know whether or what medicine was given to the child. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child's mother did not know whether or what medicine the child received, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child received unknown treatment for a fever 12: The child received unknown treatment for a cough 13: The child received unknown treatment for a fever or a cough 14: The child received unknown treatment for both a fever and a cough 15: The child received unknown treatment for a fever or convulsions 16: The child received unknown treatment for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Did not receive any treatment 1 Received treatment 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever and/or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTREMEDFAC (H32Z) indicates whether they were taken to a medical facility for treatment for this illness. According to the standard DHS recode manuals, a treatment source was considered a medical facility if it fell under the Public Sector or Medical Private Sector headers, except for Pharmacy. IPUMS Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough No, received treatment 1 Yes, no treatment or advice sought 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever and/or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRENONE (H32Y) indicates whether no treatment or advice was sought for this illness. This variable is constructed based on the responses to the standard DHS variables H32A-H32X. IPUMS Number of days after fever started SP/Fansidar first taken Number of days after fever started SP/Fansidar first taken Number of days after fever started SP/Fansidar first taken Number of days after fever started SP/Fansidar first taken Number of days after fever started SP/Fansidar first taken 00 Same day as fever/cough 10 Next day 20 2 days after 30 3(+) days after 31 4+ days after 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children who took SP/Fansidar (an antimalarial drug) for a fever in the past 2 weeks, FEVSP1ST (ML15A) reports how many days after the fever began that the child first started to take SP/Fansidar. IPUMS Number of days after fever started amodiaquine first taken Number of days after fever started amodiaquine first taken Number of days after fever started amodiaquine first taken Number of days after fever started amodiaquine first taken Number of days after fever started amodiaquine first taken 00 Same day as fever/cough 10 Next day 20 2 days after 30 3(+) days after 31 4+ days after 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children who took amodiaquine for a fever in the past 2 weeks, FEVAMOQ1ST (ML17A) reports how many days after the fever began that the child first started to take amodiaquine. The drug is generally prescribed to treat malaria. IPUMS Number of days after fever started quinine first taken Number of days after fever started quinine first taken Number of days after fever started quinine first taken Number of days after fever started quinine first taken Number of days after fever started quinine first taken 00 Same day as fever/cough 10 Next day 20 2 days after 30 3(+) days after 31 4+ days after 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children who took quinine for a fever in the past 2 weeks, FEVQUIN1ST (ML18A) reports how many days after the fever began that the child first started to take quinine. This drug is generally prescribed to treat malaria. IPUMS Number of days after fever started other antimalarial first taken Number of days after fever started other antimalarial first taken Number of days after fever started other antimalarial first taken Number of days after fever started other antimalarial first taken Number of days after fever started other antimalarial first taken 00 Same day as fever/cough 10 Next day 20 2 days after 30 3(+) days after 31 4+ days after 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children who took some other antimalarial drug for a fever in the past 2 weeks, FEVOTHMAL1ST (ML23A) reports how many days after the fever began that the child first started to take this other antimalarial drug. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. IPUMS Place first sought treatment for child's fever/cough Place first sought treatment for child's fever/cough Place first sought treatment for child's fever/cough Place first sought treatment for child's fever/cough Place first sought treatment for child's fever/cough 5221 Community midwife 1339 Lady health worker (LHV) 5240 First aid worker 2530 Health care center/infirmiry 2520 Corporate health center 2510 Private health center 1907 Polyclinic 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 Urban hospital 1150 District/rural hospital 1151 District hospital 1152 Rural hospital 1160 Category I hospital 1170 Category II hospital 1180 University hospital 1190 Military hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Category I health center 1270 Category II health center 1280 Family welfare center 1290 Primary health center 1300 Government outreach 1310 Government health post 1311 Village health post 1320 Government mobile clinic 1330 Government health worker 1331 Field worker 1332 Trained government health worker 1333 Community health worker 1334 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1335 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1336 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1337 Family welfare assistant (FWA) 1338 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 1340 Government outreach clinic 1341 Primary health care outreach clinic 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government maternity home 1600 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 1700 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health home 1903 Health station/clinic 1904 Health office 1905 Community clinic 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Specialty hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Polyclinic 2122 Clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Qualified doctor 2220 Unqualified doctor 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Field worker 2422 Traditional practitioner 2423 Paramedic 2424 Community health worker 2425 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 2426 Community-based distribution agent (CBD) 2500 Private health center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical sector 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3140 Red Cross 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Field worker 3220 Depot holder 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 Egyptian FP association 3302 BLM 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious health post 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5111 General dealer 5112 Supermarket 5113 Tuck shop 5120 Market 5130 Kiosk 5200 Health worker 5210 Field worker 5220 Community health worker 5230 Traditional practitioner 5231 Hakim 5232 Traditional birth attendant 5300 Friend/relative 5400 Mobile clinic 5500 Youth drop-in center 5600 Church 5700 Informal channels 5710 Drug vendor 5720 Community support group 5800 Home 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1312 Sub-center or sub-post 1906 Traditional medical clinic 3150 Marie Stopes 3160 Population Services International (PSI) 3303 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 5900 Charity/foundation For young children who received treatment for a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTR1SRC (H46A) reports where treatment or advice was first sought. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at public hospital 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBHOS (H32A) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public hospital for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPUBHOS, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at public health center 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBHC (H32B) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public health center for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at public health post 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBHP (H32C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public health post for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPUBHP, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health posts that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at private hospital/clinic 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPRIVHOS (H32J) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private hospital or clinic for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPRIVHOS, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. Additionally, a few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPRIVDRUG (H32K) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPRIVDRUG, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. Additionally, a few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Mission/religious hospital, clinic, health center, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Mission/religious hospital, clinic, health center, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Mission/religious hospital, clinic, health center, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Mission/religious hospital, clinic, health center, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Mission/religious hospital, clinic, health center, or dispensary 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at faith-based facility 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPRIVMIS indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a faith-based hospital, clinic, health center, or dispensary for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPRIVMIS, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of faith-based facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. Additionally, a few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Source of fever/cough treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Source of fever/cough treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Source of fever/cough treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Source of fever/cough treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at NGO 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRNGO indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from some non-governmental organization (NGO) for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRNGO, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGOs that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. Additionally, a few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Other Source of fever/cough treatment: Other Source of fever/cough treatment: Other Source of fever/cough treatment: Other Source of fever/cough treatment: Other 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at other source 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTROTH (H32X) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at some "other" source for this illness. The meaning of "other" varies depending on the specific categories included in a given sample. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish FEVTROTH from FEVTRPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector) and FEVTRPUBOTH ("other" under the public sector). IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at referral/specialist hospital 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ1 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public referral/specialist hospital for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ1 is combined with FEVTRTZ2 (public regional hospital) and FEVTRTZ3 (public district hospital) in FEVTRPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, FEVTRTZ1 is combined with FEVTRTZ2, FEVTRTZ3, and FEVTRTZ4 (public referral regional hospital) in FEVTRPUBHOS for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ1 are encouraged to review FEVTRPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at regional hospital 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ2 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public regional hospital for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ2 is combined with FEVTRTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital) and FEVTRTZ3 (public district hospital) in FEVTRPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, FEVTRTZ2 is combined with FEVTRTZ1, FEVTRTZ3, and FEVTRTZ4 (public referral regional hospital) in FEVTRPUBHOS for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ2 are encouraged to review FEVTRPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at district hospital 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ3 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public district hospital for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ3 is combined with FEVTRTZ1 (public referral/specialist hospital) and FEVTRTZ2 (public regional hospital) in FEVTRPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, FEVTRTZ3 is combined with FEVTRTZ1, FEVTRTZ2, and FEVTRTZ4 (public referral regional hospital) in FEVTRPUBHOS for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ3 are encouraged to review FEVTRPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary referral/specialist hospital (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at religious referral/specialist hospital 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ5 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a religious referral/specialist hospital for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ5 is combined with FEVTRTZ6 (religious district hospital), FEVTRTZ7 (religious health center), and FEVTRTZ8 (religious dispensary) in FEVTRPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ5 are encouraged to review FEVTRPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary district hospital (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary district hospital (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary district hospital (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary district hospital (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary district hospital (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at religious district hospital 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ6 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a religious district hospital for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ6 is combined with FEVTRTZ5 (religious referral/district hospital), FEVTRTZ7 (religious health center), and FEVTRTZ8 (religious dispensary) in FEVTRPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ6 are encouraged to review FEVTRPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary health center (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary health center (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary health center (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary health center (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary health center (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at religious health center 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ7 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a religious health center for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ7 is combined with FEVTRTZ5 (religious referral/district hospital), FEVTRTZ6 (religious district hospital), and FEVTRTZ8 (religious dispensary) in FEVTRPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ7 are encouraged to review FEVTRPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary dispensary (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary dispensary (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary dispensary (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary dispensary (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Religious/voluntary dispensary (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at religious dispensary 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ8 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a religious dispensary for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ8 is combined with FEVTRTZ5 (religious referral/district hospital), FEVTRTZ6 (religious district hospital), and FEVTRTZ7 (religious health center) in FEVTRPRIVMIS (all faith-based facilities) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ8 are encouraged to review FEVTRPRIVMIS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at pharmacy 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ12 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private pharmacy for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ12 is combined with FEVTRTZ13 (private dispensary) in FEVTRPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, FEVTRTZ12 is combined with FEVTRTZ14 (ADDO [accredited drug dispensing outlet]) in FEVTRPRIVDRUG for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ12 are encouraged to review FEVTRPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at dispensary 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRTZ13 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private dispensary for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRTZ13 is combined with FEVTRTZ12 (private pharmacy) in FEVTRPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. Additionally, FEVTRTZ13 is combined with FEVTRTZ12 and FEVTRTZ14 (ADDO) in FEVTRPRIVDRUG for the 2015 Tanzania sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRTZ13 are encouraged to review FEVTRPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Child had diarrhea recently Child had diarrhea recently Child had diarrhea recently Child had diarrhea recently Child had diarrhea recently 10 No 20 Yes, recently 21 Yes, last 24 hours 22 Yes, last 2-14 days 23 Yes, last two weeks 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5, DIARRECENT (H11) indicates whether the child had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks. Question wording differences affect the comparability of DIARRECENT; see Comparability. IPUMS Blood in child's stools during diarrhea Blood in child's stools during diarrhea Blood in child's stools during diarrhea Blood in child's stools during diarrhea Blood in child's stools during diarrhea No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age five who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIABLOODST (H11B) indicates whether there was blood in the child's stools. IPUMS Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea 10 Same 20 Increase 30 Decrease 31 Somewhat less 32 Much less 33 Nothing to drink 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAFLUIDUPDN (H38) reports whether the child was given more, less, or the same amount of fluid as usual during the illness. Question wording differences limit the comparability of DIAFLUIDUPDN across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea 10 Same 20 Increase 30 Decrease 31 Somewhat less 32 Much less 33 Stop entirely 40 Never gave food 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAFOODUPDN (H39) indicates whether the child was given more, less, or the same amount of food during the illness. Question wording differences limit the comparability of DIAFOODUPDN across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Child received any treatment for diarrhea Child received any treatment for diarrhea Child received any treatment for diarrhea Child received any treatment for diarrhea Child received any treatment for diarrhea No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATREANY (H21) is a summary variable indicating whether the child received any treatment for diarrhea. Based on standard DHS variables H11 to H21, DIATREANY indicates whether the child was taken to a public or private facility/practitioner for treatment and/or was given some medication (which could include a homemade sugar-salt-water solution) to treat the illness. IPUMS Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea No, received treatment 1 Yes, no treatment or advice sought 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRENONE (H12Y) indicates whether no treatment or advice was sought for the child's diarrhea. IPUMS Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment No 1 Yes, treatment at medical facility 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children with diarrhea in the last two weeks, DIATREMEDFAC (H12Z) indicates whether they were taken to a medical facility for treatment. Based on standard DHS variables H12A to H12X, DIATREMEDFAC indicates whether the child was taken to any of the facilities listed under the "Public Sector" and "Medical Private Sector" headers, except for Pharmacy. The exact sources of treatment included in this grouping may vary across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Child given zinc for diarrhea Child given zinc for diarrhea Child given zinc for diarrhea Child given zinc for diarrhea Child given zinc for diarrhea 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, probed 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVZINC (H15E) indicates whether the child was given zinc to treat this illness. The World Health Organization reports here [URL omitted from DDI.] that "Zinc supplementation has been found to reduce the duration and severity of diarrheal episodes and the likelihood of subsequent infections for 2-3 months." IPUMS Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVINJUNSPEC indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child was given an unknown injection to treat this illness. IPUMS Child given an IV for diarrhea Child given an IV for diarrhea Child given an IV for diarrhea Child given an IV for diarrhea Child given an IV for diarrhea No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVIV (H15C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child was given an IV (intravenous fluids) to treat this illness. The IV could have been used to deliver drugs and/or fluids to prevent dehydration and supply calories. IPUMS Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVPILSYR (H15) indicates whether the child was given some unspecified other pills or syrup to treat this illness. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific medications included in a given survey, For Phase 5 forward, the similar variable DIAGIVPILUNK reports whether the child was given an "unknown" type of pill or syrup to treat diarrhea. IPUMS Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVHERB (H15D) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child was given home remedies or herbal medicines to treat this illness. IPUMS Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, ORS - spontaneous 22 Yes, ORS - probed 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVORS (H13) indicates whether the child was given a sugar-salt-water solution or oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat this illness. IPUMS Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea 10 Yes 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, probed For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVSOLUT (H14) indicates whether the child was given a recommended homemade solution to treat this illness. IPUMS Child given other treatment for diarrhea Child given other treatment for diarrhea Child given other treatment for diarrhea Child given other treatment for diarrhea Child given other treatment for diarrhea No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVOTHER (H20) indicates whether they were given some "other" treatment for this illness. The meaning of "other" depends on the types of diarrhea treatment specified in a given sample. IPUMS Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea No, given some treatment 1 Yes, nothing given as treatment 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVNONE (H21A) indicates whether the child was given no treatment for this illness. IPUMS Place first sought treatment for child's diarrhea Place first sought treatment for child's diarrhea Place first sought treatment for child's diarrhea Place first sought treatment for child's diarrhea Place first sought treatment for child's diarrhea 5221 Community midwife 1338 Lady health worker (LHW) 5240 First aid worker 2530 Health care center/infirmiry 2520 Corporate health center 2510 Private health center 1906 Polyclinic 1337 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 1313 Outreach clinic 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 Urban hospital 1150 District/rural hospital 1151 District hospital 1152 Rural hospital 1160 Category I hospital 1170 Category II hospital 1180 University hospital 1190 Military hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Category I health center 1270 Category II health center 1280 Family welfare center 1290 Primary health center 1300 Government outreach 1310 Government health post 1311 Village health post 1320 Government mobile clinic 1330 Government health worker 1331 Field worker 1332 Trained government health worker 1333 Community health worker 1334 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1335 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1336 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government maternity home 1600 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 1700 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health home 1903 Health station/clinic 1904 Health office 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Specialty hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Private polyclinic 2122 Private clinic 2200 Private doctor 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Field worker 2422 Traditional practitioner 2423 Paramedic 2424 Community health worker 2425 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 2426 Community-based distribution agent (CBD) 2500 Private health center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical sector 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3200 NGO health worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 Egyptian FP Association 3302 BLM 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious health post 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5120 Market 5130 Kiosk 5200 Health worker 5210 Field worker 5220 Community health worker 5230 Traditional practitioner 5231 Hakim 5232 Traditional birth attendant 5300 Friend/relative 5400 Mobile clinic 5500 Youth drop-in center 5600 Church 5700 Informal channels 5710 Drug vendor 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1312 Sub-center or sub-post 1905 Traditional medical clinic 3140 Red Cross 3150 Marie Stopes 3160 Population Services International (PSI) For young children who received treatment for diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATR1SRC (H44A) reports where treatment or advice was first sought. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPRIVHOS (H12J) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private hospital or clinic. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in DIATRPRIVHOS. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Private health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Private health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Private health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Private health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Private health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPRIVHC indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private health center. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Source of diarrhea treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Source of diarrhea treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Source of diarrhea treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) Source of diarrhea treatment: Non-governmental organization (NGO) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRFRND indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a non-governmental organization (NGO). Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of NGO facilities that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPRIVDRUG (H12K) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in DIATPRIVDRUG. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPUBDRUG and DIATROTHDRUG, which refer to public drug sources and informal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBHOS (H12A) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public hospital for this illness. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBHC (H12B) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public health center for this illness. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBHP (H12C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public health post for this illness. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health posts that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBFW (H12E) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public fieldworker for this illness. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPRIVFW ("fieldworker" under the private medical sector category). Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public fieldworkers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBDRUG indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public pharmacy or dispensary for this illness. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPRIVDRUG and DIATROTHDRUG, which refer to private drug sources and informal drug sources, respectively. Some samples that included pharmacy or dispensary as a potential source of treatment were not added to DIATRPUBDRUG due to comparability issues. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab for more information on these samples. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Other Source of diarrhea treatment: Other Source of diarrhea treatment: Other Source of diarrhea treatment: Other Source of diarrhea treatment: Other No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATROTH (H12X) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at some "other" source. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Survey Text tab to better discern the exact meaning of "other" for samples of interest. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and DIATRPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). DIATROTH includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Referral/specialist hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRTZ3 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public referral/specialist hospital. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also p reserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. DIATRTZ3 is combined with DIATRTZ4 (Regional hospital) and DIATRTZ5 (District hospital) in DIATRPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using DIATRTZ3 are encouraged to review DIATRPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Regional hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRTZ4 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public regional hospital. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also p reserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. DIATRTZ4 is combined with DIATRTZ3 (Referral/specialist hospital) and DIATRTZ5 (District hospital) in DIATRPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using DIATRTZ4 are encouraged to review DIATRPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: District hospital (public) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRTZ5 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public district hospital. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also p reserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. DIATRTZ5 is combined with DIATRTZ3 (Referral/specialist hospital) and DIATRTZ4 (regional hospital) in DIATRPUBHOS (all public hospitals) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using DIATRTZ5 are encouraged to review DIATRPUBHOS for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRTZ10 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a private pharmacy. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. DIATRTZ10 is combined with DIATRTZ11 (Private dispensary) in DIATRPRIVDRUG (all private formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using DIATRTZ10 are encouraged to review DIATRPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Tanzania) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRTZ11 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a private dispensary. This response category is country-specific to Tanzania. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. DIATRTZ11 is combined with DIATRTZ10 (Private pharmacy) in DIATRPRIVDRUG (all private formal drug sources) for the 2004 and 2010 Tanzania samples. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using DIATRTZ11 are encouraged to review DIATRPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Child has health card Child has health card Child has health card Child has health card Child has health card 10 No card 11 No longer has card 20 Yes, currently has card 21 Yes, card seen 22 Yes, card not seen 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 23 Yes, card seen from health facility HEALTHCARDKID (H1) indicates whether the child had a health card and, if so, whether the card was seen by the interviewer. Child health cards were examined to determine whether and, if so, when, the child received specific vaccinations. IPUMS Child received any vaccination (if no health card) Child received any vaccination (if no health card) Child received any vaccination (if no health card) Child received any vaccination (if no health card) Child received any vaccination (if no health card) No 1 Yes 6 Less than 3 months 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACEV (H10) indicates whether the young child had received any vaccination. This variable generally relates to children who did not have a health card, the preferred source of documentation on vaccinations. If no health card was shown, the interviewer asked whether the child had any vaccinations (documented in VACEV), and, if the answer was yes, asked about specific types of vaccinations. Note that VACEV is not a summary variable for all questions relating to vaccinations; rather, VACEV serves as a filter variable during the interview for children lacking health cards. IPUMS Child received oral polio 0 vaccination Child received oral polio 0 vaccination Child received oral polio 0 vaccination Child received oral polio 0 vaccination Child received oral polio 0 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACOPV0 (H0) indicates whether the child has received an oral polio vaccine (OPV) dose at or near birth (sometimes called "polio 0"). The birth dose of the oral polio vaccine is administered as drops in the mouth. The oral polio vaccination primary series usually consists of a birth dose and 3 additional administrations. The complementary variables VACOPV1 (H4), VACOPV2 (H6), and VACOPV3 (H8) report the first, second, and third administrations, respectively. VACOPV0 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated, and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV0DAY (H0D) reports the day of the month that children received their birth dose of the oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose birth dose of the oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV0MO (H0M) and VACOPV0YR (H0Y) report the month and the year of the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV0 (H0). IPUMS Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV0MO (H0M) reports the month that children received their birth dose of the oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose birth dose of the oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV0DAY (H0D) and VACOPV0YR (H0Y) report the day of the month and the year of the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV0 (H0). IPUMS Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination 2018 2018 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 VACOPV0YR (H0Y) reports the year that children received their birth dose of the oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose birth dose of the oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV0DAY (H0D) and VACOPV0MO (H0M) report the day of the month and the month of the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV0 (H0). IPUMS Child received oral polio 1 vaccination Child received oral polio 1 vaccination Child received oral polio 1 vaccination Child received oral polio 1 vaccination Child received oral polio 1 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACOPV1 (H4) indicates whether the child has received the first in a series of oral polio vaccines. The oral polio vaccination primary series usually consists of a birth dose and 3 additional administrations. The complementary variables VACOPV0 (H0), VACOPV2 (H6), and VACOPV3 (H8) report the birth, second, and third administrations, respectively. VACOPV1 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV1DAY (H4D) reports the day of the month that children received their first oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV1MO (H4M) and VACOPV1YR (H4Y) report the month and the year of the first oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV1 (H4). IPUMS Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV1MO (H4M) reports the month that children received their first oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV1DAY (H4D) and VACOPV1YR (H4Y) report the day of the month and the year of the first oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV1 (H4). IPUMS Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination 2018 2018 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 1981 1981 VACOPV1YR (H4Y) reports the year that children received their first oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV1DAY (H4D) and VACOPV1MO (H4M) report the day of the month and the month of the first oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV1 (H4). IPUMS Child received oral polio 2 vaccination Child received oral polio 2 vaccination Child received oral polio 2 vaccination Child received oral polio 2 vaccination Child received oral polio 2 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACOPV2 (H6) indicates whether the child has received the second in a series of oral polio vaccines. The oral polio vaccination primary series usually consists of a birth dose and 3 additional administrations. The complementary variables VACOPV0 (H0), VACOPV1 (H4), and VACOPV3 (H8) report the birth, first, and third administrations, respectively. VACOPV2 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV2DAY (H6D) reports the day of the month that children received their second oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV2MO (H6M) and VACOPV2YR (H6Y) report the month and the year of the second oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV2 (H6). IPUMS Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV2MO (H6M) reports the month that children received their second oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV2DAY (H6D) and VACOPV2YR (H6Y) report the day of the month and the year of the second oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV2 (H6). IPUMS Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination 2018 2018 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 VACOPV2YR (H6Y) reports the year that children received their second oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV2DAY (H6D) and VACOPV2MO (H6M) report the day of the month and the month of the second oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV2 (H6). IPUMS Child received oral polio 3 vaccination Child received oral polio 3 vaccination Child received oral polio 3 vaccination Child received oral polio 3 vaccination Child received oral polio 3 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vaccination card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACOPV3 (H8) indicates whether the child has received the third in a series of oral polio vaccines. The oral polio vaccination primary series usually consists of a birth dose and 3 additional administrations. The complementary variables VACOPV0 (H0), VACOPV1 (H4), and VACOPV2 (H6) report the birth, first, and second administrations, respectively. VACOPV3 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received polio 3 vaccination Day child received polio 3 vaccination Day child received polio 3 vaccination Day child received polio 3 vaccination Day child received polio 3 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV3DAY (H8D) reports the day of the month that children received their third oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV3MO (H8M) and VACOPV3YR (H8Y) report the month and the year of the third oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV3 (H8). IPUMS Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV3MO (H8M) reports the month that children received their third oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV3DAY (H8D) and VACOPV3YR (H8Y) report the day of the month and the year of the third oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV3 (H8). IPUMS Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination 2018 2018 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 VACOPV3YR (H8Y) reports the year that children received their third oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV3DAY (H8D) and VACOPV3MO (H8M) report the day of the month and the month of the third oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV3 (H8). IPUMS Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACDPTHB1 indicates whether the child has received the first in a series of DPT-HepB vaccinations, which vaccinate against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. The DPT-HepB vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACDPTHB2 and VACDPTHB3 report the second and third administrations, respectively. VACDPTHB1 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB1DAY reports the day of the month that children received their first DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB1MO and VACDPTHB1YR report the month and the year of the first DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB1. IPUMS Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB1MO reports the month that children received their first DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB1DAY and VACDPTHB1YR report the day of the month and the year of the first DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB1. IPUMS Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 1 vaccination 2013 2013 2012 2012 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB1YR reports the year that children received their first DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB1DAY and VACDPTHB1MO report the day of the month and the month of the first DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB1. IPUMS Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACDPTHB2 indicates whether the child has received the second in a series of DPT-HepB vaccinations, which vaccinate against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. The DPT-HepB vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACDPTHB1 and VACDPTHB3 report the first and third administrations, respectively. VACDPTHB2 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB2DAY reports the day of the month that children received their second DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB2MO and VACDPTHB2YR report the month and the year of the second DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB2. IPUMS Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB2MO reports the month that children received their second DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB2DAY and VACDPTHB2YR report the day of the month and the year of the second DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB2. IPUMS Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 2 vaccination 2013 2013 2012 2012 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB2YR reports the year that children received their second DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB2DAY and VACDPTHB2MO report the day of the month and the month of the second DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB2. IPUMS Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACDPTHB3 indicates whether the child has received the third in a series of DPT-HepB vaccinations, which vaccinate against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. The DPT-HepB vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACDPTHB1 and VACDPTHB2 report the first and second administrations, respectively. VACDPTHB3 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Day child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB3DAY reports the day of the month that children received their third DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB3MO and VACDPTHB3YR report the month and the year of the third DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB3. IPUMS Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Month child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB3MO reports the month that children received their third DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB3DAY and VACDPTHB3YR report the day of the month and the year of the third DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB3. IPUMS Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination Year child received DPT-Hepatitis B 3 vaccination 2013 2013 2012 2012 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACDPTHB3YR reports the year that children received their third DPT-HepB vaccination, which vaccinates against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third DPT-HepB vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPTHB3DAY and VACDPTHB3MO report the day of the month and the month of the third DPT-HepB vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third DPT-HepB vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPTHB3. IPUMS Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACPENTA1 (H51) indicates whether the child has received the first in a series of DPT-HepB-Hib or pentavalent vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The pentavalent vaccination is often given as an injection in the thigh, sometimes at the same time as polio drops. The pentavalent vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACPENTA2 (H52) and VACPENTA3 (H53) report the second and third administrations, respectively. VACPENTA1 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA1DAY (H51D) reports the day of the month that children received their first pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA1MO (H51M) and VACPENTA1YR (H51Y) report the month and the year of the first pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA1 (H51). IPUMS Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA1MO (H51M) reports the month that children received their first pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA1DAY (H51D) and VACPENTA1YR (H51Y) report the day of the month and the year of the first pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA1 (H51). IPUMS Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination 2017 2017 2018 2018 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA1YR (H51Y) reports the year that children received their first pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA1DAY (H51D) and VACPENTA1MO (H51M) report the day of the month and the month of the first pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA1 (H51). IPUMS Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 1 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACPENTA2 (H52) indicates whether the child has received the second in a series of DPT-HepB-Hib or pentavalent vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The pentavalent vaccination is often given as an injection in the thigh, sometimes at the same time as polio drops. The pentavalent vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACPENTA1 (H51) and VACPENTA3 (H53) report the first and third administrations, respectively. VACPENTA2 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA2DAY (H52D) reports the day of the month that children received their second pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA2MO (H52M) and VACPENTA2YR (H52Y) report the month and the year of the second pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA2 (H52). IPUMS Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA2MO (H52M) reports the month that children received their second pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA2DAY (H52D) and VACPENTA2YR (H52Y) report the day of the month and the year of the second pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA2 (H52). IPUMS Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 2 vaccination 2017 2017 2018 2018 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA2YR (H52Y) reports the year that children received their second pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA2DAY (H52D) and VACPENTA2MO (H52M) report the day of the month and the month of the second pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA2 (H52). IPUMS Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACPENTA3 (H53) indicates whether the child has received the third in a series of DPT-HepB-Hib or pentavalent vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The pentavalent vaccination is often given as an injection in the thigh, sometimes at the same time as polio drops. The pentavalent vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACPENTA1 (H51) and VACPENTA2 (H52) report the first and second administrations, respectively. VACPENTA3 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Day child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA3DAY (H53D) reports the day of the month that children received their third pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA3MO (H53M) and VACPENTA3YR (H53Y) report the month and the year of the third pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA3 (H53). IPUMS Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Month child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA3MO (H53M) reports the month that children received their third pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA3DAY (H53D) and VACPENTA3YR (H53Y) report the day of the month and the year of the third pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA3 (H53). IPUMS Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination Year child received Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) 3 vaccination 2017 2017 2018 2018 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACPENTA3YR (H53Y) reports the year that children received their third pentavalent vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third pentavalent vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACPENTA3DAY (H53D) and VACPENTA3MO (H53M) report the day of the month and the month of the third pentavalent vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third pentavalent vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACPENTA3 (H53). IPUMS Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACMEAS1 (H9) indicates whether the child has received the first in a series of measles (or measles-containing) vaccinations. The measles vaccination primary series usually consists of either 1 or 2 administrations, and the complementary variable VACMEAS2 (H9A) reports the second administration. VACMEAS1 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received measles 1 vaccination Day child received measles 1 vaccination Day child received measles 1 vaccination Day child received measles 1 vaccination Day child received measles 1 vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACMEAS1DAY (H9D) reports the day of the month that children received their first measles or measles-containing vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first measles vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACMEAS1MO (H9M) and VACMEAS1YR (H9Y) report the month and the year of the first measles vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first measles vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACMEAS1 (H9). IPUMS Month child received measles 1 vaccination Month child received measles 1 vaccination Month child received measles 1 vaccination Month child received measles 1 vaccination Month child received measles 1 vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACMEAS1MO (H9M) reports the month that children received their first measles or measles-containing vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first measles vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACMEAS1DAY (H9D) and VACMEAS1YR (H9Y) report the day of the month and the year of the first measles vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first measles vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACMEAS1 (H9). IPUMS Year child received measles 1 vaccination Year child received measles 1 vaccination Year child received measles 1 vaccination Year child received measles 1 vaccination Year child received measles 1 vaccination 2017 2017 2018 2018 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACMEAS1YR (H9Y) reports the year that children received their first measles or measles-containing vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first measles vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACMEAS1DAY (H9D) and VACMEAS1MO (H9M) report the day of the month and the month of the first measles vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first measles vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACMEAS1 (H9). IPUMS Child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) No 1 Yes, vacc date on card 2 Yes, reported by mother 3 Yes, vacc marked on card 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACVITALAST (H33) indicates whether the child has received the most recent, or most recent reported, dose of vitamin A. Vitamin A vaccinations are typically made up of supplements given every 6 months. The complementary variable VACVITA2 (H40) reports the second most recent, or second most recent reported, administration. IPUMS Day child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Day child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Day child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Day child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Day child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACVITALASTDAY (H33D) reports the day of the month that children received their most recent, or most recent reported, vitamin A vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose most recent vitamin A vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACVITALASTMO (H33M) and VACVITALASTYR (H33Y) report the month and the year of the most recent vitamin A vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the most recent vitamin A vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACVITALAST (H33). IPUMS Month child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Month child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Month child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Month child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Month child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACVITALASTMO (H33M) reports the month that children received their most recent, or most recent reported, vitamin A vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose most recent vitamin A vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACVITALASTDAY (H33D) and VACVITALASTYR (H33Y) report the day of the month and the year of the most recent vitamin A vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the most recent vitamin A vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACVITALAST (H33). IPUMS Year child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Year child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Year child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Year child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) Year child received vitamin A vaccination (most recent) 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACVITALASTYR (H33Y) reports the year that children received their most recent, or most recent reported, vitamin A vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose most recent vitamin A vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACVITALASTDAY (H33D) and VACVITALASTMO (H33M) report the day of the month and the month of the most recent vitamin A vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the most recent vitamin A vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACVITALAST (H33). IPUMS Child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) No 1 Yes, vacc date on card 2 Yes, reported by mother 3 Yes, vacc marked on card 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACVITA2 (H40) indicates whether the child has received the second most recent, or second most recent reported, dose of vitamin A. Vitamin A vaccinations are typically made up of supplements given every 6 months. The complementary variable VACVITALAST (H33) reports the most recent, or most recent reported, administration of vitamin A. IPUMS Day child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Day child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Day child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Day child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Day child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACVITA2DAY (H40D) reports the day of the month that children received their second most recent, or second most recent reported, vitamin A vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second most recent vitamin A vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACVITA2MO (H40M) and VACVITA2YR (H40Y) report the month and the year of the second most recent vitamin A vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second most recent vitamin A vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACVITA2 (H40). IPUMS Month child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Month child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Month child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Month child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Month child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACVITA2MO (H40M) reports the month that children received their second most recent, or second most recent reported, vitamin A vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second most recent vitamin A vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACVITA2DAY (H40D) and VACVITA2YR (H40Y) report the day of the month and the year of the second most recent vitamin A vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second most recent vitamin A vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACVITA2 (H40). IPUMS Year child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Year child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Year child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Year child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) Year child received vitamin A vaccination (2nd most recent) 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACVITA2YR (H40Y) reports the year that children received their second most recent, or second most recent reported, vitamin A vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second most recent vitamin A vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACVITA2DAY (H40D) and VACVITA2MO (H40M) report the day of the month and the month of the second most recent vitamin A vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second most recent vitamin A vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACVITA2 (H40). IPUMS Child received BCG (TB) vaccination Child received BCG (TB) vaccination Child received BCG (TB) vaccination Child received BCG (TB) vaccination Child received BCG (TB) vaccination 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACBCG (H2) indicates whether the young child had received the BCG vaccination against tuberculosis. The BCG vaccination is typically given as in injection in the arm or shoulder, and it usually causes a scar. VACBCG uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child had been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACBCGDAY (H2D) reports the day of the month that children received the BCG vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose BCG vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACBCGMO (H2M) and VACBCGYR (H2Y) report the month and the year of the BCG vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the BCG vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACBCG (H2). IPUMS Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACBCGDAY (H2D) reports the month that children received the BCG vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose BCG vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACBCGDAY (H2D) and VACBCGYR (H2Y) report the day of the month and the year of the BCG vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the BCG vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACBCG (H2). IPUMS Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination 2016 2016 2015 2015 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2014 2014 1981 1981 2017 2017 2018 2018 VACBCGYR (H2Y) reports the year that children received the BCG vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose BCG vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACBCGDAY (H2D) and VACBCGMO (H2M) report the day of the month and the month of the BCG vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the BCG vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACBCG (H2). IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series 1 NDVI available NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) consists of a set of 72 variables. These variables report the maximum NDVI value within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. NDVI is a numeric, normalized index that measures live greenness in an area and can be used as a proxy for vegetation. Hypothetically, NDVI values can range from -1.0 to 1.0. The IPUMS-DHS NDVI metric captures the maximum value of NDVI within the 10-kilometer buffer area (i.e., which pixel in the buffer has the maximum NDVI value for a given month), so the values in IPUMS-DHS for NDVI range from 0 to 1. By adding NDVI to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_01 is the maximum NDVI in the month before the survey start date; NDVI_60 is the maximum NDVI in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (NDVI_00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_A01 is the maximum NDVI in the month following the month of the survey start date) The source data for NDVI come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [URL omitted from DDI.]) dataset, which covers the period February 2000 to October 2018. Only IPUMS-DHS samples whose data collection period overlapped with February 2000 or later are included in the NDVI variable (e.g., Bangladesh 2000). Note, however, that a sample fielded beginning in February 2000 would have non-missing NDVI values for the survey start month and the 11 following months, but would have only missing data values for the 60 months preceding the survey start date. Researchers who need NDVI values for the full 5 years preceding the survey start--for example, to relate to health outcomes for children under age 5--should restrict their analysis to samples fielded from February 2005 forward. NDVI, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series 1 BATTLES available BATTLES consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which battles occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding BATTLES to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (BATTLES_1997 to BATTLES_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for BATTLES are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. According to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], data on BATTLES include: Battles with no change in territory (a battle between two violent armed groups where control of the contested location does not change); Battles in which a non-state actor overtakes territory (a battle where non-state actors win control of a location); Battles in which the government regains territory (a battle in which the government regains control of a location). Users should be aware that all three kinds of battles are included in the variable BATTLES. Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable BATTLES. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. BATTLES, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series 1 RIOTS available RIOTS consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which riots or protests occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding RIOTS to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (RIOTS_1997 to RIOTS_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for RIOTS are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The RIOTS variable counts incidents of organized demonstrations (against political entities, businesses, or private institutions) involving non-violent protestors or rioters (demonstrators employing violence), as well as spontaneous acts of violence by disorganized groups (targeting property or clashing with other groups or security institutions). Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable RIOTS. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. RIOTS, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series 1 CIV_VIOLENCE available CIV_VIOLENCE consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which violence against civilians occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding CIV_VIOLENCE to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (CIV_VIOLENCE_1997 to CIV_VIOLENCE_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for CIV_VIOLENCE are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) defines violence against civilians as deliberate acts perpetrated by an organized political group (such as rebel, militia, or government forces) against unarmed non-combatants who are unable to defend themselves or engage in violence. Such conflicts harm or kill civilians, through events resulting in significant harm (e.g., bombing, shooting, torture, rape, mutilation) or accosting victims (kidnapping and disappearances); however, no fatalities are required for inclusion of the event. Events in which only property damage occurs or people are relocated without physical harm do not count as incidents of violence against civilians. ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable CIV_VIOLENCE. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on their procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. CIV_VIOLENCE, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series 1 MALARIA available MALARIA consists of a set of 16 separate variables, covering each year from 2000 to 2015. The variables report, by year, the mean clinical Plasmodium falciparium malaria cases (across all ages) per person within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Alternatively, this statistic can be summarized as the mean clinical plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR), expressed as fractions of a case per person. MALARIA is available for a subset of the IPUMS-DHS samples with GPS data; see Comparability. By adding MALARIA to your data cart, you are in effect adding 16 separate variables (MALARIA_2000 to MALARIA_2015), one variable for each year. MALARIA, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier IDHSPID is an identifying number unique to person in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE and CASEID. IDHSPID is a 22-character string variable. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier MCASEID is the unique identifier for each man in the men's sample for a given sample year. Using MCASEID and CLUSTERNOMN (MV001), analysts can link IPUMS-DHS data to the original DHS datasets to attach variables that are not currently available in IPUMS-DHS. For example, researchers can use MCASEID and CLUSTERNOMN (MV001) to link variables from the IPUMS-DHS with other variables from the men's file to merge country-specific variables, or to the Household or Couples Recode file to attach variables that are not yet part of IPUMS-DHS. In most samples, users can identify men who are in the same household by using the first 12 characters of MCASEID (and CLUSTERNOMN (MV001)), as this indicates a unique household identifier. MCASEID is created by The DHS Program using the variables CLUSTERNOMN (MV001), HHNUMMN (MV002), and LINENOMN (MV003). The last three characters indicate the male respondent's line number in the household file. For instructions on how to create links between IPUMS-DHS data and DHS source data, see the User Note on "Merging IDHS and DHS Data." [URL omitted from DDI.] MCASEID is a 18-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSUMN (MV021) is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU, for men's samples. It should be used along with the variable DOMAINMN (MV023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe this variable as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSUMN (MV021) is a 6-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata For men's samples, STRATAMN (MV022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. STRATAMN is not the same as DOMAINMN (MV023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATAMN along with the variable PSUMN (MV021) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors, for men's samples. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATAMN (MV022) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain 99999 NIU (not in universe) For men's samples, DOMAINMN (MV023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAIN as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When national estimates are desired and analyzing men's samples, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAINMN (MV023) and PSUMN (MV021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., PERWEIGHTMN (MV005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for DHS' sample design. In most countries, DOMAIN (or DOMAINMN for men's samples) defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster IDENTIFICATION REGION_______ DISTRICT_________ WARD________ ENUMERATION AREA_______ NAME OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD______ TDHS NUMBER______ HOUSEHOLD NUMBER______ HHNUMMN (MV002) is the number identifying the household in which the male respondent was interviewed, within each men's sample. To identify unique households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUMMN with CLUSTERNOMN (MV001). For most samples, HHNUMMN (MV002) and CLUSTERNOMN (MV001) can be used to merge IPUMS-DHS data from the men's file to DHS Household Recode files, to incorporate household variables not yet available in the IPUMS-DHS. However, in some household files, HHNUM (V002) and CLUSTERNO (V001) do not uniquely identify households in the DHS Household Recode file. For information about the IPUMS-DHS samples where HHNUM and CLUSTERNO are not sufficient to uniquely identify households, and for guidance on what further steps to take for linking files in such cases, please consult the User Note on Linking. [URL omitted from DDI.] HHNUMMN is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNOMN (MV001) reports the cluster number for de facto residence of the man in the men's sample. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNOMN is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable STRATAMN (MV022) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNOMN (MV001) and HHNUMMN (MV002) can be used to merge the men's sample file to the household recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNOMN is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit For men's samples, ULTAREAUNITMN (MV004) reports the ultimate area unit for the man's de facto residence. According to the DHS recode manuals, ULTAREAUNIT is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units in the collection of data. It is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNO (V001)], but may be a sequentially numbered variable for samples with a more complicated structure. ULTAREAUNITMN can be used to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNITMN (MV004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Household line number of man respondent Household line number of man respondent Household line number of man respondent Household line number of man respondent Household line number of man respondent NAME AND LINE NUMBER OF MAN_______ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 LINENOMN (MV003) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the man's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Men's sample weight Men's sample weight Men's sample weight Men's sample weight Men's sample weight PERWEIGHTMN (MV005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population in men's samples. While the DHS Recode Manuals direct the researcher to divide the original weight variable by 1,000,000 before applying the weighting factor to the original DHS data files, it is not necessary to modify the value of PERWEIGHTMN before applying this weight to cases in IPUMS-DHS. PERWEIGHTMN should be used to weight nearly all tabulations made using IPUMS-DHS data from the men's samples. Note: The 6 implied decimal places in PERWEIGHTMN mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWEIGHTMN is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of PERWEIGHTMN. IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview FINAL VISIT DAY MONTH YEAR INT. NUMBER RESULT NEXT VISIT (FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2) DATE TIME 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 INTYEARMN (MV007) reports the year when the interview with the male respondent took place. The dates reported in INTYEARMN are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview FINAL VISIT DAY MONTH YEAR INT. NUMBER RESULT NEXT VISIT (FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2) DATE TIME 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December MONTHINTMN (MV006) reports the month when the interview with the male respondent took place. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview FINAL VISIT DAY MONTH YEAR INT. NUMBER RESULT NEXT VISIT (FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2) DATE TIME 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 INTDAYMN (MV016) reports the day of the month on which the interview with the male respondent took place. INTDAYMN uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview INTDATECMCMN (MV008) reports century month code for the date on which the interview with the male respondent took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTDATECMCMN are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. INTDATECMCMN (V008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 101. RECORD THE TIME. HOUR _______ MINUTES _______ MORNING 1 AFTERNOON 2 EVENING, NIGHT 3 INTSTARTMN (MV801) reports the time of the start of the interview for the men's sample. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview began at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 820. RECORD THE TIME. HOUR ____ MINUTES _____ MORNING 1 AFTERNOON 2 EVENING, NIGHT 3 9998 Missing INTENDMN (MV802) reports the time of the end of the men's interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview ended at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Length of men's interview in minutes Length of men's interview in minutes Length of men's interview in minutes Length of men's interview in minutes Length of men's interview in minutes 00 0 minutes 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 2+ Visits 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTDURATIONMN (MV803) reports the duration of the interview for the male survey (in minutes). The duration is top-coded at 95 minutes. Interviews that required more than one visit (INTVISITNOMN (MV804) are coded as "96" for "2+ visits." INTDURATIONMN is calculated based on the interview's start and end times in INTSTARTMN (MV801) and INTENDMN (MV802). IPUMS Result of men's interview Result of men's interview Result of men's interview Result of men's interview Result of men's interview FINAL VISIT DAY MONTH YEAR INT. NUMBER RESULT NEXT VISIT (FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2) DATE TIME 1 Completed 2 Not at home 3 Postponed 4 Refused 5 Partly completed 6 Incapacitated 7 Other INTRESULTMN (MV015) reports the result of the interview for the men's sample. Code 1 represents a completed interview. Only completed interview cases are included in the DHS men's sample files, which provide the source material for men as a unit of analysis in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Number of visits for male interviews Number of visits for male interviews Number of visits for male interviews Number of visits for male interviews Number of visits for male interviews TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITS 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 98 Missing VISITNOMN (MV017) reports the number of visits by an interviewer required to complete the interview for the men's survey. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, men's survey Identification number of interviewer, men's survey Identification number of interviewer, men's survey Identification number of interviewer, men's survey Identification number of interviewer, men's survey FINAL VISIT DAY MONTH YEAR INT. NUMBER RESULT NEXT VISIT (FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2) DATE TIME 99998 Missing INTERVIEWERIDMR (MV028) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the interviews for a men's survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Type of place of residence Type of place of residence Type of place of residence Type of place of residence Type of place of residence LARGE CITY/SMALL CITY/TOWN/COUNTRYSIDE LARGE CITY=1 SMALL CITY=2 TOWN=3 COUNTRYSIDE=4 LARGE CITIES ARE : DAR ES SALAAM, MWANZA, MBEYA AND TANGA. SMALL CITIES ARE: MOROGORO, DODOMA, MOSHI, IRINGA, SHINYANGA, SINGIDA, SONGEA ,MTWARA, TABORA, MUSOMA, SUMBAWANGA, BUKOBA, KIGOMA NA MJINI MAGHARIBI . MIJI MINGINE NI MIJI MIDOGO 1 Urban 2 Rural For men's samples, URBANMN (MV025) indicates whether the man's de facto residence was in an urban or rural location. The definition of urban varies across countries. See Comparability. IPUMS De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence 10 City 11 Capital or other large city 12 Small city 20 Town or countryside 21 Town 22 Countryside DEFACTORESMN (MV026) reports the type of place--city, town, or countryside--where the man was interviewed. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] 6 Lindi, Mtwara, and Ruvuma (South) 5 Iringa, Myeba, Nijombe, Katavi, and Rukwa (Southern Highlands) 4 Dodoma and Singida (Central) 3 Geita, Kagera, Kigoma, Mara, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Tabora (Lake) 2 Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara (Northern Highlands) 1 Dar Es Salaam, Morogoro, Pemba, Pwani, Tanga, Town West, and Zanzibar (Coastal) GEO_ TZ1991_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (zones) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1996, 1999, 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1996_2015, does not include the 1991 Tanzania sample and is harmonized for different geographic units (regions). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] 50 Pemba, Town West, and Zanzibar 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar Es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma GEO_ TZ1996_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1991_2015, includes the 1991 Tanzania sample and has less geographic detail (zones). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] 01 Dodoma 02 Arusha 03 Kilimanjaro 04 Tanga 05 Morogoro 06 Pwani 07 Dar Es Salaam 08 Lindi 09 Mtwara 10 Ruvuma 11 Iringa 12 Mbeya 13 Singida 14 Tabora 15 Rukwa 16 Kigoma 17 Shinyanga 18 Kagera 19 Mwanza 20 Mara 21 Manyara 51 Zanzibar North 52 Zanzibar South 53 Town West 54 Pemba North 55 Pemba South GEO_TZ2010 (V101_TZ2010) indicates the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 2010 Tanzania survey are equivalent to regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There are also integrated variables GEO_TZ1991_2015 and GEO_TZ1996_2015, that provide spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_TZ2010 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 55 Pemba South 54 Pemba North 53 Zanzibar town or west 52 Zanzibar South 51 Zanzibar North 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma DHS_IPUMSI_ TZ provides geographic codes for Tanzania that match those in the DHS and IPUMS-International [URL omitted from DDI.] databases. This variable can be used to link contextual area data from IPUMS-DHS to IPUMS-International or vice versa. The codes in DHS_IPUMSI_TZ indicate the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated or surveyed. GIS shapefiles for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor (5) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) usually live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing RESIDENTMN (MV135) indicates whether the man, in a men's sample, was a usual resident of the household or was just visiting there. As defined by the RESIDENTMN variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Age Age Age Age Age 107. How old were you at your last birthday? COMPARE AND CORRECT 106 AND/OR 107 IF INCONSISTENT. AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS ________ 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97+ 98 Missing AGEMN (MV012) reports the man's age. DHS surveys collect information about the man's age through questions about age at last birthday and date of birth. DHS Recode Manuals provide the following information about how the AGE variable is calculated: Current age in completed years is calculated from the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent (MV011) and the century month code of the date of interview (MV008). In a few cases the age in the data file will be different from that reported by the respondent when the respondent's birthday was in the month of interview, but he had not yet had his birthday. If the respondent correctly reported his age at his last birthday (and not his age at his next birthday) then the calculated age was rounded up from the reported age, to avoid inconsistencies between the age and the century month code for the birth. IPUMS Age in 5-year groups Age in 5-year groups Age in 5-year groups Age in 5-year groups Age in 5-year groups 01 15-19 02 20-24 03 25-29 04 30-34 05 35-39 06 40-44 07 45-49 08 50-54 09 55-59 10 60+ 11 60-64 12 65+ AGE5YEARMN (MV013) reports the man's age in 5-year age groups, based on data from the AGEMN (MV012) variable. The age range of men interviewed varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Man's month of birth Man's month of birth Man's month of birth Man's month of birth Man's month of birth 106. In what month and year were you born? MONTH ______ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR ______ DON'T KNOW YEAR 9998 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 98 Missing BIRTHMOMN (MV009) reports the man's month of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Man's year of birth Man's year of birth Man's year of birth Man's year of birth Man's year of birth 106. In what month and year were you born? MONTH ______ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR ______ DON'T KNOW YEAR 9998 1899 1899 or earlier 1900 1900 1901 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 1904 1904 1905 1905 1906 1906 1907 1907 1908 1908 1909 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 1913 1914 1914 1915 1915 1916 1916 1917 1917 1918 1918 1919 1919 1920 1920 1921 1921 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1941 1942 1942 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing BIRTHYEARMN (MV010) reports the man's year of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Man's date of birth (century month code) Man's date of birth (century month code) Man's date of birth (century month code) Man's date of birth (century month code) Man's date of birth (century month code) DOBCMCMN (MV011) reports the century month code (CMC) for the man's date of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth 1 Month and year 2 Month and year, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year only, age and month imputed 6 Age only, year and month imputed 7 Month only, age and year imputed 8 None reported, all imputed DOBINFORESPMN (MV014) reports the completeness of information about the male respondent's age and date of birth. A code of 0 indicates the month and the year were reported, and no data were imputed. IPUMS Man's relationship to HH head Man's relationship to HH head Man's relationship to HH head Man's relationship to HH head Man's relationship to HH head (3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the relationship of (NAME) to the head of the household? 01 = HEAD 02 = WIFE OR HUSBAND 03 = SON OR DAUGHTER 04 = SON-IN-LAW OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 05 = GRANDCHILD 06 = PARENT 07 = PARENT-IN-LAW 08 = BROTHER OR SISTER 09 = CO-WIFE 10 = OTHER RELATIVE 11 = ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEPCHILD 12 = NOT RELATED 98 = DON'T KNOW 010 Head 020 Husband 030 Son 040 Son-in-law 050 Grandson 060 Father 070 Father-in-law 080 Brother 090 Adopted/foster son/stepson 100 Other relative 110 Nephew 111 Nephew by blood 112 Nephew by marriage 120 Brother-in-law 130 Uncle 200 Not related 210 Domestic servant 211 Herdboy 997 Don't know 998 Missing RELATEMN (MV150) reports the man's relationship to the head of the household, based on a question in the household questionnaire. IPUMS Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months Number of trips away from home in last 12 months 104. In the last 12 months, on how many separate occasions have you traveled away from your home community and slept away? NUMBER OF TRIPS _______ NONE 00 (GO TO 106) 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing TRIPSAWAYRMN (MV167) reports the number of times the respondent has been away from home or from his home community for one or more nights in the last 12 months. IPUMS Man away from home for over 1 month in last year Man away from home for over 1 month in last year Man away from home for over 1 month in last year Man away from home for over 1 month in last year Man away from home for over 1 month in last year 105. In the last 12 months, have you been away from your home community for more than one month at a time? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRIPAWAY1MOMN (MV168) indicates whether the respondent has been away from home or from his home community for more than one month at a time in the last 12 months. IPUMS Man's current marital or union status Man's current marital or union status Man's current marital or union status Man's current marital or union status Man's current marital or union status 403. What is your marital status now: are you widowed, divorced, or separated? WIDOWED 1 (GO TO 410) DIVORCED 2 (GO TO 410) SEPARATED 3 (GO TO 410) 00 Never married 10 Married or living together 11 Married 12 Living together 20 Formerly in union 21 Widowed 22 Divorced 23 Separated/not living together 98 Missing MARSTATMN (MV501) reports the man's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. IPUMS Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union 402. Have you ever been married or lived together with a woman as if married? YES, FORMERLY MARRIED 1 YES, LIVED WITH A WOMAN 2 NO 3 (GO TO 413) Never married 1 Currently married 2 Formerly married 8 Missing CURRMARRMN (MV502) reports the man's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes men who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes men who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes men who are widowed, divorced, or separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. For samples restricted to ever-married men, only men who are formally married (not cohabiting) are included as "married." IPUMS Man had one or more than one union Man had one or more than one union Man had one or more than one union Man had one or more than one union Man had one or more than one union 405. Do you have more than one wife or woman you live with as if married? YES (MORE THAN ONE) 1 NO (ONLY ONE) 2 (GO TO 407) 1 One 2 More than one 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men who have ever been married or lived with a woman, UNION1MOREMN (MV503) indicates whether the respondent had been in one or more than one marriage/union. IPUMS Wife/partner lives in man's household Wife/partner lives in man's household Wife/partner lives in man's household Wife/partner lives in man's household Wife/partner lives in man's household 404. Is your wife/partner living with you now or is she staying elsewhere? LIVING WITH HIM 1 STAYING ELSEWHERE 2 1 Living with woman 2 Staying elsewhere 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men who are currently married or living with a man, WIFEINHOME (MV504) indicates whether the wife/partner lives with the man or stays elsewhere. IPUMS Number of current wives/partners Number of current wives/partners Number of current wives/partners Number of current wives/partners Number of current wives/partners 406. Altogether, how many wives do you have or other partners you are living with as if married? TOTAL NUMBER OF WIVES AND LIVE-IN PARTNERS _________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 95 More than one wife/partner, number unspecified 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who are currently married or living with a woman, WIFENUMMN (MV505) reports the number of wives (or co-resident partners) he has. Question wording varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation 411. In what month and year did you start living with your (wife/partner)? 411A. Now I would like to ask about your first (wife/partner). In what month and year did you start living with her? MONTH ______ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR _______ DON'T KNOW YEAR 9998 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who have ever been married or lived with a woman, MAR1STMOMN (MV507) reports the month of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The year of the man's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STYRMN (MV508). IPUMS Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation 411. In what month and year did you start living with your (wife/partner)? 411A. Now I would like to ask about your first (wife/partner). In what month and year did you start living with her? MONTH ______ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR _______ DON'T KNOW YEAR 9998 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1941 1942 1942 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) For men who have ever been married or lived with a woman, MAR1STYRMN (MV508) reports the year of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The month of the man's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STMOMN (MV507). IPUMS Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) 9999 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STCMCMN (MV509) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the man's first marriage or cohabitation. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" [URL omitted from DDI.] (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). IPUMS Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union 1 Month and year reported 2 Month and age reported, year imputed 3 Year and age reported, month imputed 4 Year reported, age and month imputed 5 Age reported, year and month imputed 6 Month reported, age and year imputed 7 Year and age reported, year ignored 8 All values imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STDATINFOMN (MV510) reports the completeness of information for the date of the man's first marriage or cohabitation. See Comparability. IPUMS Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation 412. How old were you when you first started living with her? AGE ______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STMARMN (MV511) reports the man's age at the start of his first marriage or union. This usually refers to when the man first started to live with his first wife or partner. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "Age at start of first marriage or union is calculated from the century month code of the date of start of first marriage or union and the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent." IPUMS Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 96 Inconsistent 97 Don’t know 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who have ever been married or lived with a woman, YRSTO1STMARMN (MV512) reports the number of years from the start of the man's first marriage/union to the date of the survey interview. The calculation is made using century month codes for both dates. For the month and year of first marriage/union, see MAR1STMOMN (MV507) and MAR1STYRMN (MV508) respectively. IPUMS Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Never married 1 0 to 4 2 5 to 9 3 10 to 14 4 15 to 19 5 20 to 24 6 25 to 29 7 30+ DURMARGRPMN (MV513) reports the number of years elapsed since the man's first marriage or cohabiting union until the date of the survey interview, in five-year groups. The duration is reported irrespective of whether the respondent is still married or in a union with his first partner. IPUMS Ever been married or lived with a woman Ever been married or lived with a woman Ever been married or lived with a woman Ever been married or lived with a woman Ever been married or lived with a woman 402. Have you ever been married or lived together with a woman as if married? YES, FORMERLY MARRIED 1 YES, LIVED WITH A WOMAN 2 NO 3 (GO TO 413) No 1 Formerly married 2 Lived with a woman 3 Both formerly married and lived with a woman 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men who are not currently married or living with a woman, EVERMARRIEDMN (MV535) reports the man - s relationship history as "No [never married/in union]" or "Formerly married" or "Lived with a woman." IPUMS Number of wives/partners in man's household Number of wives/partners in man's household Number of wives/partners in man's household Number of wives/partners in man's household Number of wives/partners in man's household 406. Altogether, how many wives do you have or other partners you are living with as if married? TOTAL NUMBER OF WIVES AND LIVE-IN PARTNERS _________ 00 No wives or partners 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 98 Missing WIFEPARNUM (MV035) reports the number of wives or co-resident partners the man has for whom household line numbers are available or who are coded as "Not in household" (LINENOWIFE_ALL (MV034_x). The related variable WIFENUMMN (MV505) reports the number of wives or partners the man currently has. IPUMS Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH 407. CHECK 405: ONE WIFE/ PARTNER: Please tell me the name of your wife (the woman you are living with as if married). MORE THAN ONE WIFE/PARTNER: Please tell me the name of each of your wives or of each woman you are living with as if married. RECORD THE NAME AND THE LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EACH WIFE AND LIVE-IN PARTNER. IF A WOMAN IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, RECORD '00'. ASK 408 FOR EACH PERSON. NAME ________ LINE NUMBER ________ 1 LINENOWIFE_ALL available LINENOWIFE_ALL (MV034_x) reports the line number of the man's wives/partners. These variables can be used, in conjunction with HHID to match the men - s data with the women - s data, to allow for the analysis of couples. A value of "0" means the wife was not listed as a member of the household. LINENOWIFE_ALL consists of a set of eight separate variables, covering the man's first wife/partner (LINENOWIFE_01) up to his eighth wife/partner (LINENOWIFE_08). If LINENOWIFE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all of the man's wives/partners, up to a maximum of eight. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to eight wives/partners, but no men in the survey had so many wives/partners (e.g., no man had seven or eight wives/partners). If, for example, no man in a survey had eight wives/partners and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then LINENOWIFE_08 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH 407. CHECK 405: ONE WIFE/ PARTNER: Please tell me the name of your wife (the woman you are living with as if married). MORE THAN ONE WIFE/PARTNER: Please tell me the name of each of your wives or of each woman you are living with as if married. RECORD THE NAME AND THE LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EACH WIFE AND LIVE-IN PARTNER. IF A WOMAN IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, RECORD '00'. ASK 408 FOR EACH PERSON. NAME ________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH 407. CHECK 405: ONE WIFE/ PARTNER: Please tell me the name of your wife (the woman you are living with as if married). MORE THAN ONE WIFE/PARTNER: Please tell me the name of each of your wives or of each woman you are living with as if married. RECORD THE NAME AND THE LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EACH WIFE AND LIVE-IN PARTNER. IF A WOMAN IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, RECORD '00'. ASK 408 FOR EACH PERSON. NAME ________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH 407. CHECK 405: ONE WIFE/ PARTNER: Please tell me the name of your wife (the woman you are living with as if married). MORE THAN ONE WIFE/PARTNER: Please tell me the name of each of your wives or of each woman you are living with as if married. RECORD THE NAME AND THE LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EACH WIFE AND LIVE-IN PARTNER. IF A WOMAN IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, RECORD '00'. ASK 408 FOR EACH PERSON. NAME ________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH 407. CHECK 405: ONE WIFE/ PARTNER: Please tell me the name of your wife (the woman you are living with as if married). MORE THAN ONE WIFE/PARTNER: Please tell me the name of each of your wives or of each woman you are living with as if married. RECORD THE NAME AND THE LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EACH WIFE AND LIVE-IN PARTNER. IF A WOMAN IS NOT LISTED IN THE HOUSEHOLD, RECORD '00'. ASK 408 FOR EACH PERSON. NAME ________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age of wives/partners Age of wives/partners Age of wives/partners Age of wives/partners Age of wives/partners 408. How old was (NAME) on her last birthday? AGE _______ 1 WIFEAGE_ALL available WIFEAGE_ALL (MV034B_x) reports the age of the man's wives/partners WIFEAGE_ALL consists of a set of eight separate variables, covering the man's first wife/partner (WIFEAGE_01) up to his eighth wife/partner (WIFEAGE_08). If WIFEAGE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all of the man's wives/partners, up to a maximum of eight. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to eight wives/partners, but no men in the survey had so many wives/partners (e.g., no man had seven or eight wives/partners). If, for example, no man in a survey had eight wives/partners and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then WIFEAGE_08 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Age of 1st wife/partner Age of 1st wife/partner Age of 1st wife/partner Age of 1st wife/partner Age of 1st wife/partner 408. How old was (NAME) on her last birthday? AGE _______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age of 2nd wife/partner Age of 2nd wife/partner Age of 2nd wife/partner Age of 2nd wife/partner Age of 2nd wife/partner 408. How old was (NAME) on her last birthday? AGE _______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age of 3rd wife/partner Age of 3rd wife/partner Age of 3rd wife/partner Age of 3rd wife/partner Age of 3rd wife/partner 408. How old was (NAME) on her last birthday? AGE _______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age of 4th wife/partner Age of 4th wife/partner Age of 4th wife/partner Age of 4th wife/partner Age of 4th wife/partner 408. How old was (NAME) on her last birthday? AGE _______ 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age of 5th wife/partner Age of 5th wife/partner Age of 5th wife/partner Age of 5th wife/partner Age of 5th wife/partner 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age of 6th wife/partner Age of 6th wife/partner Age of 6th wife/partner Age of 6th wife/partner Age of 6th wife/partner 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age of 7th wife/partner Age of 7th wife/partner Age of 7th wife/partner Age of 7th wife/partner Age of 7th wife/partner 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age of 8th wife/partner Age of 8th wife/partner Age of 8th wife/partner Age of 8th wife/partner Age of 8th wife/partner 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Total children ever biologically fathered by male respondent Total children ever biologically fathered by male respondent Total children ever biologically fathered by male respondent Total children ever biologically fathered by male respondent Total children ever biologically fathered by male respondent 208. SUM ANSWERS TO 203, 205, AND 207, AND ENTER TOTAL. IF NONE, RECORD '00'. TOTAL CHILDREN ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBMN (MV201) reports the total number of children biologically fathered by the male respondent. The standard question wording asked about "all of the children that are biologically yours, even if they are not legally yours or do not have your last name." The number reported in CHEBMN is the sum of a series of variables covering the total number of biological sons and daughters who are living with their father, living elsewhere, or who have died (MV202 to MV207). While the related variable CHEB (V201) for women respondents is top-coded at 20 births, CHEBMN is not so limited, since the man's offspring could have been borne by more than one woman. IPUMS Biological sons living with their male respondent father Biological sons living with their male respondent father Biological sons living with their male respondent father Biological sons living with their male respondent father Biological sons living with their male respondent father 203. How many sons live with you? And how many daughters live with you? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. SONS AT HOME _________ DAUGHTERS AT HOME ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSATHOMEMN (MV202) reports how many of his biological sons are currently living with the male respondent. The related variable SONSAWAYHOMEMN (MV204) reports the number of the male respondent's surviving biological sons who are currently living apart from him. IPUMS Biological daughters living with their male respondent father Biological daughters living with their male respondent father Biological daughters living with their male respondent father Biological daughters living with their male respondent father Biological daughters living with their male respondent father 203. How many sons live with you? And how many daughters live with you? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. SONS AT HOME _________ DAUGHTERS AT HOME ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSATHOMEMN (MV203) reports how many of his biological daughters are currently living with the male respondent. The related variable DAUSAWAYHOMEMN (MV205) reports the number of the male respondent's surviving biological daughters who are currently living elsewhere. IPUMS Biological sons living apart from their male respondent father Biological sons living apart from their male respondent father Biological sons living apart from their male respondent father Biological sons living apart from their male respondent father Biological sons living apart from their male respondent father 205. How many sons are alive but do not live with you? And how many daughters are alive but do not live with you? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. SONS ELSEWHERE ______ DAUGHTERS ELSEWHERE __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSAWAYHOMEMN (MV204) reports how many of his biological sons are currently living apart from the male respondent. The related variable SONSATHOMEMN (MV202) reports the number of the male respondent's surviving biological sons who are currently living with their father. IPUMS Number of living biological children of male respondent Number of living biological children of male respondent Number of living biological children of male respondent Number of living biological children of male respondent Number of living biological children of male respondent 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVEMN (MV218) reports the total number of surviving biological children fathered by the male respondent. The number reported in CHEBALIVEMN (MV218) is the sum of a series of variables reporting the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home and who are living away from home (MV202 to MV205 - SONSATHOMEMN, DAUSATHOMEMN, SONSAWAYHOMEMN, and DAUSAWAYHOMEMN). The related variable CHEBMN (MV201) reports the total number of children ever fathered by the male respondent, regardless of survival status. IPUMS Biological daughters living apart from their male respondent father Biological daughters living apart from their male respondent father Biological daughters living apart from their male respondent father Biological daughters living apart from their male respondent father Biological daughters living apart from their male respondent father 205. How many sons are alive but do not live with you? And how many daughters are alive but do not live with you? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. SONS ELSEWHERE ______ DAUGHTERS ELSEWHERE __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSAWAYHOMEMN (MV205) reports how many of his biological daughters are currently living apart from the male respondent. The related variable DAUSATHOMEMN (MV203) reports the number of the male respondent's surviving biological daughters who are currently living with their father. IPUMS Number of biological sons of the male respondent who have died Number of biological sons of the male respondent who have died Number of biological sons of the male respondent who have died Number of biological sons of the male respondent who have died Number of biological sons of the male respondent who have died 207. How many boys have died? And how many girls have died? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. BOYS DEAD ________ GIRLS DEAD ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSDIEDMN (MV206) reports how many of the biological sons of the male respondent have died. IPUMS Number of biological daughters of the male respondent who have died Number of biological daughters of the male respondent who have died Number of biological daughters of the male respondent who have died Number of biological daughters of the male respondent who have died Number of biological daughters of the male respondent who have died 207. How many boys have died? And how many girls have died? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. BOYS DEAD ________ GIRLS DEAD ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSDIEDMN (MV207) reports how many of the biological daughters of the male respondent have died. IPUMS Age of male respondent at birth of 1st biological child Age of male respondent at birth of 1st biological child Age of male respondent at birth of 1st biological child Age of male respondent at birth of 1st biological child Age of male respondent at birth of 1st biological child 212. How old were you when your (first) child was born? AGE IN YEARS _________ 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEAT1STIRTHMN (MV212) reports the male respondent's age when his first biological child was born. This information was collected via a direct question: "How old were you when your (first) child was born?" IPUMS Partner of male respondent is currently pregnant Partner of male respondent is currently pregnant Partner of male respondent is currently pregnant Partner of male respondent is currently pregnant Partner of male respondent is currently pregnant 503. (Is your wife (partner)/Are any of your wives (partners)) currently pregnant? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Unsure or don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGNANTMN (MV213) indicates whether the male respondent's partner is currently pregnant. IPUMS When in ovulatory cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in ovulatory cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in ovulatory cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in ovulatory cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in ovulatory cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely 305. Now I would like to ask you about a woman's risk of pregnancy. From one menstrual period to the next, are there certain days when a woman is more likely to become pregnant if she has sexual relations? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 308) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 308) 1 During her period 2 After period ended 3 Middle of the cycle 4 Before period begins 5 At any time 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) OVCYCLEMN (MV217) suggests the man's knowledge of the female ovulatory cycle by reporting when he believes a woman has the greatest chance of becoming pregnant. Male respondents were first asked, "From one menstrual period to the next, are there certain days when a woman is more likely to become pregnant when she has sexual relations?" Men who responded "no" or "don't know" are coded as "Don't know" in OVCYCLEMN. Those who said "yes" were asked a follow-up question: "Is this time just before her period begins, during her period, right after her period has ended, or halfway between two periods?" IPUMS Number of women that male respondent fathered children with Number of women that male respondent fathered children with Number of women that male respondent fathered children with Number of women that male respondent fathered children with Number of women that male respondent fathered children with 211. In all, how many women have you fathered children with? NUMBER OF WOMEN ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 96 More than one woman, don't know number 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FATHERWNOMN (MV245) reports how many women the male respondent has fathered children with. Men who have never had children are coded "0." Information is collected through direct questions: "Did all of the children you have fathered have the same biological mother? and, if no, "In all, how many women have you fathered children with?" IPUMS Age of last-born biological child of male respondent Age of last-born biological child of male respondent Age of last-born biological child of male respondent Age of last-born biological child of male respondent Age of last-born biological child of male respondent 214. How many years old is your (youngest) child? AGE IN YEARS _________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 95 No living children 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGELBORNKIDMN (MV247) reports the age of the male respondent's youngest surviving biological child. This information was collected via a direct question: "How many years old is your (youngest) child?" IPUMS Antenatal check-ups for the mother of most recent child Antenatal check-ups for the mother of most recent child Antenatal check-ups for the mother of most recent child Antenatal check-ups for the mother of most recent child Antenatal check-ups for the mother of most recent child 217. When (NAME)'s mother was pregnant with (NAME), did she have any antenatal check-ups? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 219) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 219) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men with a young child (under age 3 or 4), LBORNANCARE (MV248) reports whether the child's mother had any antenatal check-up(s) while that child was in utero. IPUMS Man present during antenatal check-ups for most recent child Man present during antenatal check-ups for most recent child Man present during antenatal check-ups for most recent child Man present during antenatal check-ups for most recent child Man present during antenatal check-ups for most recent child 218. Were you ever present during any of those antenatal check-ups? PRESENT 1 NOT PRESENT 2 00 Not present 10 Yes, present 11 Present during checks 12 Only accompanied to checkup 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men with a young child (under age 3 or 4) whose mother had any antenatal check-up(s), LBORNANCAREGO (MV249) reports whether the man was present during the antenatal check-up(s). IPUMS Most recently born biological child born in health facility Most recently born biological child born in health facility Most recently born biological child born in health facility Most recently born biological child born in health facility Most recently born biological child born in health facility 219. Was (NAME) born in a hospital or health facility? HOSPITAL/HEALTH FACILITY 1 OTHER 6 DON'T KNOW 8 1 Hospital or health facility 2 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men with a young child (under age 3 or 4), LBORNDELHC (MV250) reports whether the child was delivered in a hospital/health facility or elsewhere. IPUMS Amount children with diarrhea should be given to drink Amount children with diarrhea should be given to drink Amount children with diarrhea should be given to drink Amount children with diarrhea should be given to drink Amount children with diarrhea should be given to drink 221. When a child has diarrhea, how much should he or she be given to drink: more than usual, the same amount as usual, less than usual, or should he or she not be given anything to drink at all? MORE THAN USUAL 1 ABOUT THE SAME 2 LESS THAN USUAL 3 NOTHING TO DRINK 4 DON'T KNOW 8 Nothing to drink 1 Less to drink 2 About the same 3 More to drink 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For male respondents with a young surviving child (usually under age 3 or 4), DIASHOULDRINKMN (MV252) reports answers to a question about how much a child should be given to drink when that child has diarrhea. IPUMS Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members TOTAL PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD TOTAL ELIGIBLE WOMEN 15-49 TOTAL ELIGIBLE MEN 15-49 LINE NO. OF RESPONDENT TO HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMTOTALMN (MV136) reports the total number of members of the male respondent's household. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, HHMEMTOTALMN is calculated by summing "the number of usual residents and the number of visitors who slept in the house the previous night that were listed in the household schedule." "Usual residents" of the household are identified by the RESIDENTMN variable when men are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of eligible men in household (de facto) Number of eligible men in household (de facto) Number of eligible men in household (de facto) Number of eligible men in household (de facto) Number of eligible men in household (de facto) TOTAL PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD TOTAL ELIGIBLE WOMEN 15-49 TOTAL ELIGIBLE MEN 15-49 LINE NO. OF RESPONDENT TO HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 HHELIGMENMN (MV138) reports the number of eligible men in the household, usually defined as males over age 15 who slept in the household the previous night (regardless of whether they were usual residents or visitors). The age and marital status guidelines for defining eligible men varies across samples. See the Universe tab for samples of interest. IPUMS Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing HHEADAGEMN (MV152) reports the age of the head of the household. IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head (4) SEX Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 8 Missing HHEADSEXMN (MV151) reports the sex of the head of the household. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) (4) SEX Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 110. How many rooms in your household are used for sleeping? (INCLUDING ROOMS OUTSIDE THE MAIN DWELLING) ROOMS _______ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling 108. WALL MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS 01 POLES AND MUD 02 SUN-DRIED BRICKS 03 BAKED BRICKS 04 WOOD, TIMBER 05 CEMENT BLOCKS 06 STONES 07 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 376 Metal, unspecified 375 Corrugated asbestos 374 Iron or zinc sheets 292 Unburnt brick with cement 127 Animal dung 126 Hay with mud 241 Trunks with mud 000 No walls 100 NATURAL 110 Cane/palm/trunks/grass/sticks 111 Cane/palm/trunks 112 Cane/trunks 113 Cane/trunks/bamboo/reeds 114 Palm branches 115 Sticks 116 Shells 120 Earth/mud/dirt/dung 121 Unbaked brick, mud, or earth 122 Earth 123 Mud 124 Mud, dung 125 Dirt 130 Thatch/mat/leaves/straw/reeds 131 Grass 132 Thatch or straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Bamboo with mud 211 Bamboo/wood with mud 212 Bamboo 220 Stone with mud 230 Rough wood 231 Plywood 232 Reused wood 233 Timber 234 Wood/metal planks 240 Poles and mud 250 Tin/cardboard/paper/bags 251 Cardboard 252 Carton 260 Uncovered adobe 270 Corrugated metal 280 Canvas/tent 300 FINISHED 310 Cement/concrete 311 Semi-dur (cement and sand blocks) 320 Bricks 321 Finished/burnt bricks 322 Burnt bricks with mud 323 Burnt bricks with cement 324 Sundried bricks 330 Cement blocks 340 Wood planks/shingles 341 Wood and grass 350 Stone 351 Stone with lime/cement 360 Covered adobe 370 Other finished 371 Metal or asbestos sheets 400 OTHER 998 Missing 996 Non-resident 290 Unburnt bricks 373 T-iron/wood/brick 372 Tin 377 Prefab 291 Unburnt brick and plaster 999 NIU (not in universe) WALL (HV214) reports the main material of the outside walls of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 107. MAIN MATERIAL OF THE FLOOR RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. EARTH, SAND, DUNG 11 WOOD PLANKS, BAMBOO, PALM 21 PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL OR ASPHALT STRIPS 32 CERAMIC TILES, TERRAZZO 33 CEMENT 34 CARPET 35 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 109. ROOFING MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS / THATCH / MUD 01 IRON SHEETS 02 TILES . 03 CONCRETE 04 ASBESTOS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH 106. What is the main source of energy for lighting in the household? ELECTRICITY 01 BOTTLED GAS 02 PARAFFIN / KEROSENE 03 CHARCOAL 04 FIREWOOD 05 CROP RESIDUALS, STRAW, GRASS 06 ANIMAL DUNG 07 NO FOOD COOKED IN HOUSEHOLD 95 OTHER (SPECIFY) _______________ 96 96 Non-resident 75 Generator 74 Battery/solar flashlight or lamp 10 Electricity 20 Kerosene lamp 21 Kerosene lamps with glass shades 22 Kerosene/oil lamps without glass shades 23 Paraffin/hurricane lamp 24 Paraffin/pressure lamp 25 Paraffin wick lamp 30 Gas 31 Natural gas or LPG (liquified petroleum) 40 Oil 50 Wood-based 51 Charcoal 52 Firewood 53 Firewood, straw 60 Candles 70 Other, specified 71 Biogas 72 Solar 73 Dung 80 Other, unspecified 98 Missing 76 No light 11 Government electric 12 Coop electric 13 Private electric 41 Oil lamp or candles LIGHTSOURCE reports the main source of lighting in the household. The information in LIGHTSOURCE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking 105. What type of fuel does your household mainly use for cooking? ELECTRICITY 01 SOLAR 02 GAS 03 PARAFFIN-HURRICANE LAMP 04 PARAFFIN-PRESSURE LAMP 05 PARAFFIN-WICK LAMP 06 FIREWOOD 07 CANDLES 08 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 995 No food cooked in house 100 Electricity 200 Petroleum-based 210 Gasoline 220 LPG, natural gas 221 LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) 222 Natural gas 230 Bottled gas (butane or propane) 240 Kerosene 300 Biogas 400 Coal-based 410 Coal, lignite 411 Coal, coke, lignite 500 Wood- or grass-based 510 Wood 520 Charcoal 530 Firewood, straw 540 Straw, shrub, grass 600 Dung 700 Agricultural crop-based 710 Crop residues 720 Maize or other crop waste 800 Other 996 Non-resident 998 Missing 801 Jelly 802 Solar 804 Improved smokeless cook stove 999 NIU (not in universe) 803 Cardboard/paper COOKFUEL (HV226) reports the type of fuel the woman's household used for cooking. Response categories vary across surveys; see Comparability. The information in COOKFUEL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used 127. What kind of oil was it? SIMSIM/SESAME 01 GROUNT NUT 02 SUNFLOWER 03 COCONUT 04 RED PALM 05 COTTONSEED 06 COW FAT 07 GHEE 08 OTHER FAT (SPECIFY) _______96 99 NIU (Not in universe) 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 53 Ghee 52 Butter or margarine 51 Lard or suet 50 Other 40 Shea butter 35 Cottonseed oil 34 Sunflower oil 33 Coconut oil 32 Sesame oil 31 Peanut/ground nut oil 30 Other vegetable oil 20 Frytol/fortified vegetable oil 12 Yellow palm oil 11 Red palm oil 10 Palm oil COOKOILTYPE reports the type of oil the household used for cooking, either typically or within a recent reference period, such as the last seven days. The response "shea butter" refers to a fat extracted from the nut of the African shea tree. "Frytol" is the commercial brand name of a vegetable oil product used for deep frying. The information in COOKOILTYPE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers 115. How far is it to the nearest market place? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) KILOMETRES _________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MARKETKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest market, in kilometers. The information in MARKETKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 102. What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEWER SYSTEM 11 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEPTIC TANK 12 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIT LATRINE 13 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO ELSEWHERE 14 PIT LATRINE VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT LATRINE (VIP) 21 PIT LATRINE WITH SLAB 22 PIT LATRINE WITHOUT SLAB/OPEN PIT 23 COMPOSTING TOILET/ECOSAN 31 BUCKET 41 NO FACILITY/BUSH/FIELD 51 (GO TO 104) OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________________ 96 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility 103. Do you share this toilet facility with other households? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 104) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOILETSHAREYN (HV225) indicates whether the household has a toilet facility that is shared with at least one other household. A "no" response (code "0") indicates the household has a toilet that is not shared; a "yes" response (code "1") indicates the household shares a toilet facility; "not in universe" (code "9") means the household has no toilet facility. The information in TOILETSHAREYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded 103A. How many households share this toilet facility? NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS IF LESS THAN 10 _________ 10 OR MORE HOUSEHOLDS 95 DON'T KNOW 98 96 Non-resident 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For residents of households with shared toilet facilities, TOILSHARNUMT (HV238) reports the number of other households sharing their toilet, topcoded at 9 or more other households. Thus, in IPUMS-DHS, a value of 1 in TOILSHARNUMT means that 1 other household is using the household's toilet, for a total of 2 households using that facility. The information in TOILSHARNUMT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 101. What is the main source of drinking water for members of your household? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO DWELLING 11 PIPED INTO YARD/PLOT 12 PUBLIC TAP 13 NEIGHBOUR'S TAP 14 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM OPEN WELL OPEN WELL IN DWELLING 21 (GO TO 101B) OPEN WELL IN YARD/PLOT 22 (GO TO 101B) OPEN PUBLIC WELL 23 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S OPEN WELL 24 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM COVERED WELL OR BOREHOLE PROTECTED WELL IN DWELLING 31 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED WELL IN YARD/PLOT 32 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED PUBLIC WELL 33 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S BOREHOLE 34 (GO TO 101B) SURFACE WATER SPRING 41 (GO TO 101B) RIVER/STREAM 42 (GO TO 101B) POND/LAKE 43 (GO TO 101B) DAM 44 (GO TO 101B) RAINWATER 51 (GO TO 101B) TANKER TRUCK 61 (GO TO 101B) WATER VENDOR 71 (GO TO 101B) BOTTLED WATER 81 (GO TO 101B) OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 (GO TO 101B) 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 101B. How long does it take you to go there, get water, and come back including waiting time? MINUTES ________ ON PREMISES 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water 101A. Who is providing water at your main source? AUTHORITY 1 CBO/NGO 2 PRIVATE OPERATOR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Government 20 Private source 21 NGO 22 Private operator 30 Obtained for free 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WTRPROVIDER reports the entity supplying (and paid for) the household's supply of drinking water. For most samples (see Comparability), the information in TOILETSHAREPRIV is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water 101C. Do you do anything to the water to make it safer to drink? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 102) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 102) 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TREATWTRYN (HV237) indicates whether the household used any treatment to make water safer to drink. The information in TREATWTRYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRBLEACH (HV237B) indicates whether the household added bleach or chlorine to make water safer to drink. The information in TRBLEACH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 12 Yes, some of the time 11 Yes, most of the time 00 No 96 Non-resident 10 Yes 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TRBOIL(HV237A) indicates whether the household boiled water to make it safer to drink. The information in TRBOIL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRCLOTH (HV237C) indicates whether the household strained water through cloth to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRCLOTH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRFILTER (HV237D) indicates whether the household used a water filter to make water safer to drink. The information in TRFILTER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSOLAR (HV237E) indicates whether the household used solar disinfection to make water safer to drink. The information in TRSOLAR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSTAND (HV237F) indicates whether the household let water stand to settle impurities, to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRSTAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TROTHER (HV237X) indicates whether the household used some "other" treatment to make water safer to drink. The meaning of other depends on the specific water treatment methods enumerated in a given survey. The information in TROTHER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRDK (HV237Z) indicates whether the respondent did not know what treatment, if any, the household used to make water safer to drink. The information in TRDK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHPHONEHH (HV221) indicates whether any member of the household has a telephone (based on information from the household record). The information in HHPHONEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing MOBPHONE indicates whether the household had a mobile/cellular telephone. The related variable HHPHONE indicates whether the household had a telephone, regardless of the type of phone, or had a non-mobile phone. The information in MOBPHONE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WATCHCLOCK indicates whether the household has access to a timepiece, either a watch or a clock. The related variable CLOCKONLY indicates whether the household has a clock. See Comparability. The information in WATCHCLOCK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing PARALAMPYN indicates whether the household has a lamp that uses paraffin (kerosene) as fuel. The information in PARALAMPYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing IRONYN indicates whether the household has an iron. The information in IRONYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing BANKACC (HV247) indicates whether any member of the household has a bank account. The information in BANKACC is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) 112. How many acres of land for farming or grazing does this household own? (PUT '0000.0' IF NONE AND 9999.8 IF DOESN'T KNOW) ACRES FOR FARMING ______.___ ACRES FOR GRAZING ______.___ No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AGLANDYN (HV244) indicates whether any member of the household owned (or had use of) agricultural land. Question wording varies across samples; see Comparability. The information in AGLANDYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 1 Never 2 Seldom 3 Sometimes 4 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FOODPROBYR reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FOODPROBYR is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally 116. Now I would like to ask you about the food your household eats? How many meals does your household usually have per day? MEALS ___________ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5+ 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 7 Don't know MEALSPERDAY reports the number of meals per day the members of the household have, either "usually" or during a recent reference period. The information in MEALSPERDAY is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FIPROBFQ reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FIPROBFQ is taken from the household record and applies to household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors (code "2") using: RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis; HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis; RESIDENTMN variable when men are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 96 Non-resident 10 Iodized salt in household 11 Packaged salt - iodized 20 Non-iodized salt in household 21 Packaged salt - noniodized 30 Salt not tested 31 Local salt 32 Loose salt 33 Salt for animals 34 Natron in block 35 Packaged salt - other 36 Other, n.e.c. 97 Doesn't cook 98 Missing/no salt available 99 NIU (not in universe) SALTBRIDGE serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on the presence of iodized salt in the household. Initially, respondents were asked, "What type of salt is usually used for cooking in your household?" Respondents were also asked to show their salt package to the interviewer. Beginning with Phase 4 of the standard DHS questionnaire, respondents were asked to provide the interviewer with a teaspoon of cooking salt, which the interviewer then tested. Iodine testing methods varied across phases and countries. SALTBRIDGE combines information from the first approach of asking about cooking salt (in SALTIODIZE (HV222)) and the second approach of testing the cooking salt for iodine (in SALTEST3 (HV234)). The information in SALTBRIDGE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT (V135) variable (with visitors coded "2"). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 997 Don't know 000 0 PPM 070 7 PPM 071 Less than 15 PPM 150 15 PPM or more 151 30 PPM 994 Salt not tested 995 No salt in household 996 Non-resident 998 Missing SALTEST1 (HV234) reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values. The levels are grouped based on PPM (parts per million). Universal salt iodization is recommended (by the World Health Organization and UNICEF) to prevent and correct iodine deficiency disorders (including goiter, hypothyroidism, deaf-mutism, mental retardation, dwarfism, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities). However, unnecessarily high levels of iodine in salt may lead to occasional cases of hyperthyroidism. The information in SALTEST1 is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. The related variables SALTEST2 and SALTEST3 (HV234A) also report iodine levels in cooking salt, but with different groupings. IPUMS Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week 118. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat fish? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing FISHHHWK reports how many days the household ate fish, in the past week. The information in FISHHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week 117. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat meat? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MEATHHWK reports how many days the household ate meat, in the past week. The information in MEATHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased 125. What brand did you buy? SEMBA 1 DONA 2 NO BRAND SHOWN 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________6 DON'T KNOW 8 1 Semba 2 Dona 3 No brand shown 4 Other 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYBRAND reports the brand name of recently consumed maize flour that was purchased by the household. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYBRAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour 124. Where did you buy the maize flour? SHOP 1 MARKET 2 AT HAMMERMILL 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 1 Shop 2 Market 3 At hammermill 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYWHERE reports where the household bought recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour 123. Where did you get the maize flour? GROUND OWN MAIZE AT HOME 1 (GO TO 126) GROUND AT MAIZE MILL 2 (GO TO 126) BOUGHT FLOUR 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 (GO TO 126) 1 Ground own maize at home 2 Ground at maize mill 3 Bought flour 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZGOTWHERE reports where the household obtained recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZGOTWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days 122. Did anyone in the household prepare ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 126) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing MAIZUGALIWK indicates whether the household prepared ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days. Ugali is a starch dish, prepared from maize, millet, or sorghum, that is a staple food in much of Africa, eaten with a sauce or stew of vegetables or meat. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZUGALIWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping 130. Does your household have any mosquito nets that can be used while sleeping? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 141) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETHH (HV227) indicates whether the household has at least one mosquito bed net for use while household members are sleeping. The information in BEDNETHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 99 NIU (not in universe) 96 Non-resident 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing BEDNETNUM (HML1) reports how many mosquito nets were owned by the household. Responses were topcoded at 7+ bednets. Because of topcoding, the number of reported bednets cannot be meaningfully compared to the number of household members. The information in BEDNETNUM is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ No 1 All children 2 Some children 6 No net in household 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) indicates whether any, some, or all of the children in the household under age five slept under a bed net the previous night. Apart from universe differences, BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) has no comparability problems. Comparability - Standard DHS BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) is included in Phase IV forward of the standard DHS questionnaire. IPUMS Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 96 Non-resident 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDS (HML2) reports the number of children in the household who slept under a mosquito net the previous night. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information 132. ASK RESPONDENT TO SHOW YOU THE NET(S). IF MORE THAN 6 NETS, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). OBSERVED 1 NOT OBSERVED 2 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETWINF (HML1A) reports the number of mosquito nets with specific information the household has. Specific information can be related to the type (permanent/long-lasting insecticide-treated or pretreated) or the brand of the net. IPUMS Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers 120. How far is it to the nearest health facility? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) IF MORE THAN 95 KM, WRITE 95. KILOMETRES ________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing HCAREKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest health facility, in kilometers. The information in HCAREKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility 121. If you were to go to (NAME OF HOSPITAL, HEALTH CENTRE, or HEALTH POST), how would you go there? CAR/MOTORCYCLE 1 PUBLIC TRANSPORT (BUS, TAXI) 2 ANIMAL/ANIMAL CART 3 WALKING 4 BICYCLE 5 OTHER 6 96 Non-resident 98 Missing 10 Motorized transport 11 Car/motorcycle 12 Car/bus/taxi 13 Public transport (bus, taxi) 14 Motorcycle/scooter 15 Public transport plus walking 20 Animal or animal cart 21 Animal (horse, donkey, mule) 22 Animal drawn cart 30 Bicyle 40 Walking 90 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) HCARETRANSPORT reports the type of transportation the household members use (or hypothetically would use) to reach the nearest health facility. The information in HCARETRANSPORT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working 601. Have you done any work in the last seven days? YES 1 (GO TO 604) NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing CURRWORKMN (MV714) indicates whether the man is currently working at a job or business. IPUMS Man has job from which he was absent in past week Man has job from which he was absent in past week Man has job from which he was absent in past week Man has job from which he was absent in past week Man has job from which he was absent in past week 602. Although you did not work in the last seven days, do you have any job or business from which you were absent for leave, illness, vacation, or any other such reason? YES 1 (GO TO 604) NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men who did not work in the past 7 days, JOBABSENTMN (MV714A) indicates whether the man had a job or business from which he was temporarily absent, due to leave, illness, vacation, or other reasons. IPUMS Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently Respondent worked recently 603. Have you done any work in the last 12 months? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 613A) 00 No 10 Yes 11 In the past year 12 Currently working 13 Has a job, but on leave last 7 days 98 Missing WKWORKLASTYRMN (MV731) indicates whether the male respondent worked recently (i.e., was currently working, was on leave from a job in the past 7 days, or worked in the past year). IPUMS Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally Respondent works all year, seasonally, or occasionally 608. Do you usually work throughout the year, or do you work seasonally, or only once in a while? THROUGHOUTTHEYEAR 1 SEASONALLY/PART OF THE YEAR 2 ONCE IN A WHILE 3 1 All year 2 Seasonal 3 Occasional 4 Temporary 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEMPLOYWHENMN (MV732) indicates whether the man works throughout the year, seasonally, or occasionally. IPUMS Man's occupation Man's occupation Man's occupation Man's occupation Man's occupation 604. What is your occupation, that is, what kind of work do you mainly do? OCCUPATION________________ 00 Not currently working 10 Professional, technical, or managerial 20 Clerical or sales 21 Clerical 22 Sales 30 Agricultural 31 Agricultural, self-employed 32 Agricultural, employee 40 Household, domestic, and services 41 Household and domestic 42 Services 50 Skilled and unskilled manual 51 Skilled manual 52 Unskilled manual 60 Armed forces 95 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKCURRJOBMN (MV717) reports the occupation of the male respondent in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broad job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Type of earnings from respondent's work Type of earnings from respondent's work Type of earnings from respondent's work Type of earnings from respondent's work Type of earnings from respondent's work 609. Are you paid in cash or kind for this work or are you not paid at all? CASH ONLY 1 CASH AND KIND 2 IN KIND ONLY 3 NOT PAID 4 Not paid 1 Paid in cash only 2 Paid in cash and in kind 3 Paid in kind only 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNTYPEMN (MV741) reports the type of earnings for the respondent's work. IPUMS Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles Household wealth index in quintiles 1 Poorest 2 Poorer 3 Middle 4 Richer 5 Richest 8 Missing WEALTHQMN (MV190) refers to the relative wealth of the household where the male respondent lives, divided into quintiles from the poorest (code 1) to the richest (code 5). The wealth index is defined in the DHS Recode Manuals as follows: The wealth index is a composite measure of a household's cumulative living standard. The wealth index is calculated using easy-to-use data on a household's ownership of selected assets, such as televisions and bicycles; materials used for housing construction; and types of water access and sanitation facilities. Generated with a statistical procedure known as principal components analysis, the wealth index places individual households on a continuous scale of relative wealth. DHS separates all interviewed households into five quintiles of wealth. For additional information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, users should consult the summary information about the wealth index on The DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on "The DHS Wealth Index" here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The complementary variable WEALTHSMN reports the wealth index factor score for the man's household in a specific sample. WEALTHQMN and WEALTHSMN are included on the man's record for Phase 5 forward only. IPUMS-DHS has made available these variables for Phase 2 forward, by linking the wealth index files to the men's data files. The variables used to calculate wealth index quintiles and the level of wealth implied by a specific ranking are sample-specific. See Comparability. IPUMS Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) WEALTHSMN (MV191) refers to the household's wealth index value generated by the product of standardized scores (z-scores) and factor coefficient scores (factor loadings) of wealth indicators. Most researchers will want to use instead the complementary variable WEALTHQMN (MV190), which reports quintile ranking (from poorest to richest) of the man's household, in terms of wealth score, for a given sample. For further information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, see the description of WEALTHQMN, the summary information about the wealth index on the DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on - The DHS Wealth Indexâ? here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The variables used to calculate wealth index scores are sample-specific. See Comparability. WEALTHSMN (MV191) is a 12-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level 109. What is the highest level of school you attended: primary, secondary, or higher? PREPRIMARY 0 PRIMARY 1 POST-PRIMARY TRAINING 2 SECONDARY 3 POST-SECONDAY TRAINING 4 UNIVERSITY 5 No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 6 Other 8 Missing EDUCLVLMN (MV106) reports the highest level of school the male respondent attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVLMN is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education Primary Secondary Higher The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level 110. What is the highest grade you completed at that level? IF COMPLETED LESS THAN ONE YEAR AT THAT LEVEL RECORD '00'. GRADE _________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who ever attended school, YRSCHLMN (MV107) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher), as reported in EDUCLVLMN (MV106). See Comparability. For the man's total years of education, see EDYRTOTALMN (MV133). IPUMS Man's total years of education Man's total years of education Man's total years of education Man's total years of education Man's total years of education 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing EDYRTOTALMN (MV133) reports the man's education level in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDUCLVLMN (MV106) and YRSCHLMN (MV107) as follows: If EDUCLVLMN = "No education," EDYRTOTALMN = "0" If EDUCLVLMN = "Primary," EDYRTOTALMN = YRSCHLMN If EDUCLVLMN = "Secondary," EDYRTOTALMN = YRSCHLMN + x If EDUCLVLMN = "Higher," EDYRTOTALMN = YRSCHLMN + y If EDUCLVLMN = "Missing," EDYRTOTALMN = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Man's summary educational achievement Man's summary educational achievement Man's summary educational achievement Man's summary educational achievement Man's summary educational achievement (17) What is the highest level of school (NAME) has attended? SEE CODES BELOW. What is the highest grade (NAME) completed at that level? SEE CODES BELOW. LEVEL 00=PREPRIMARY 01 = PRIMARY 02=POST PRIMARY TRAINING 03= SECONDARY O-LEVEL 04= SECONDARY A-LEVEL 05=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING 'O' LEVEL 06=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING'A' LEVEL 07=UNIVERSITY 98= DON'T KNOW GRADE 00=LESS THAN 1 YEAR COMPLETED 98 = DON'T KNOW No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 6 Other 8 Missing EDACHIEVERMN (MV149) is a summary variable that reports the man's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDACHIEVERMN is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary Complete primary Incomplete secondary Complete secondary Higher EDACHIEVERMN is constructed from information contained in EDUCLVLMN (MV106) and YRSCHLMN (MV107). IPUMS Literacy, based on reading passage) Literacy, based on reading passage) Literacy, based on reading passage) Literacy, based on reading passage) Literacy, based on reading passage) 112. Now I would like you to read this sentence to me. SHOW CARD TO RESPONDENT. IF RESPONDENT CANNOT READ WHOLE SENTENCE, PROBE: Can you read any part of the sentence to me? CANNOT READ AT ALL 1 ABLE TO READ ONLY PARTS OF SENTENCE 2 ABLE TO READ WHOLE SENTENCE 3 NO CARD WITH REQUIRED LANGUAGE (SPECIFY LANGUAGE) ________ 4 BLIND/VISUALLY IMPAIRED 5 00 Cannot read at all 10 Reads 11 Able to read only parts of sentence 12 Able to read whole sentence 20 Not ascertained (blind, different language) 21 No card with required language 22 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LIT2MN (MV155) indicates whether the man could read. Persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." Those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. IPUMS Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine 115. Do you read a newspaper or magazine at least once a week, less than once a week or not at all? ALMOST EVERYDAY 1 AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK 2 LESS THAN ONCE A WEEK 3 NOT AT ALL 4 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing NEWSFQMN (MV157) reports how often the male respondent usually reads a newspaper or magazine (not at all, less than once a week, once a week or more often, or almost every day). IPUMS Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio Frequency of listening to radio 116. Do you listen to the radio at least once a week, less than once a week or not at all? ALMOST EVERYDAY 1 AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK 2 LESS THAN ONCE A WEEK 3 NOT AT ALL 4 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) RADIOFQMN (MV158) reports how often the male respondent usually listens to the radio (not at all, less than once a week, at least once a week, or almost every day). IPUMS Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television Frequency of watching television 117. Do you watch television at least once a week, less than once a week or not at all? ALMOST EVERYDAY 1 AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK 2 LESS THAN ONCE A WEEK 3 NOT AT ALL 4 00 Not at all 10 Less than once a week 20 Once a week or more 21 At least once a week 22 Almost every day 98 Missing TVFQMN (MV159) reports how often the male respondent usually watches television (not at all, less than once a week, at least once a week, or almost every day). IPUMS Person who usually decides how to spend male respondent's earnings Person who usually decides how to spend male respondent's earnings Person who usually decides how to spend male respondent's earnings Person who usually decides how to spend male respondent's earnings Person who usually decides how to spend male respondent's earnings 612. Who usually decides how the money you earn will be used: mainly you, mainly your (wife (wives)/partner(s)), or you and your (wife (wives)/partner(s)) jointly? RESPONDENT 1 WIFE(WIVES)/PARTNER(S) 2 RESPONDENT AND WIFE (WIVES)/PARTNER(S)JOINTLY 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) _______ 6 10 Respondent alone 20 Respondent and wife/partner 30 Respondent and other person 40 Wife/partner alone 50 Someone else 51 Family elders 60 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DECMANEARN (MV739) indicates who in the man's household usually makes decisions regarding how the income the man earns is spent. IPUMS Final say on man's health care Final say on man's health care Final say on man's health care Final say on man's health care Final say on man's health care 613A. Who usually makes decisions about health care for yourself: you, your wife/partner, you and your wife/partner jointly, or someone else? RESPONDENT 1 WIFE(WIVES)/PARTNER(S) 2 RESPONDENT AND WIFE (WIVES)/PARTNER(S)JOINTLY 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) _______ 6 10 Man alone 20 Man and wife/partner 30 Man and someone else 40 Wife/partner alone 50 Someone else 51 Family elders 90 Other/not applicable 97 Don’t know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DECMANHCARE (MV743A) indicates who in the man's household usually makes decisions regarding the man's own healthcare. IPUMS Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases Final say on making large household purchases 613B. Who usually makes decisions about making major household purchases? RESPONDENT 1 WIFE(WIVES)/PARTNER(S) 2 RESPONDENT AND WIFE (WIVES)/PARTNER(S)JOINTLY 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) _______ 6 10 Man alone 20 Man and wife/partner 30 Man and someone else 40 Wife/partner alone 50 Someone else 51 Family elders 90 Other/not applicable 97 Don’t know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DECBIGHHMN (MV743B) indicates who in the man's household usually makes decisions regarding large household purchases. IPUMS Fertility preference Fertility preference Fertility preference Fertility preference Fertility preference SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES 10 Have another 20 Undecided 30 No more 40 Not at risk of having more children 41 Sterilized (respondent or partners) 42 Wife/partner declared infecund 43 Never had sex 44 Man declared infecund 45 No partner 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FERTPREFMN (MV602) reports responses to the question, "Would you like to have a (another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children"? The standard response categories are "have another," "no more/none," "undecided," and various categories related to not being at risk of having more children (such as sterilization, infecundity, and not having a partner). In IPUMS-DHS, all responses in the general category of "not at risk of having more children" share a common first digit of 4, while the second digit distinguishes between the specific reasons (for example, code "41" for "Sterilized [respondent or partners]"). IPUMS Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children 504. CHECK 503: NO WIFE/PARTNER PREGNANT OR DON'T KNOW: Now I have some questions about the future. Would you like to have (a/another) child, or would you prefer not to have any (more) children? WIFE(WIVES)/PARTNER(S) PREGNANT: Now I have some questions about the future. After the child(ren) you and your (wife(wives)/partner(s)) are expecting now, would you like to have another child, or would you prefer not to have any more children? HAVE (A/ANOTHER) CHILD 1 NO MORE/NONE 2 (GO TO 508) COUPLE CANT GET PREGNANT 3(GO TO 508) WIFE (WIVES)/PARTNER(S) STERILIZED 4(GO TO 508) UNDECIDED/DON'T KNOW 8(GO TO 508) 10 Wants more children 11 Wants within 2 years 12 Wants after 2+ years 13 Wants, unsure timing 20 Undecided 30 Wants no more 40 Not at risk of pregnancy 41 Sterilized 42 Declared infecuned 43 Never had sex 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDDESIREMN (MV605) is a constructed variable distinguishing between men who want another child soon (in less than two years), who want another child later (in 2+ years), who want no more children, and who aren't sure (about timing or about the number of children desired), This variable also identifies male respondents who are not at risk of having (more) children. IPUMS Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children 508. CHECK 203 AND 205: HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? PROBE FOR A NUMERIC RESPONSE. NONE 00 (GO TO 509A) NUMBER ______ OTHER 96 (GO TO 509A) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 94 God's will/ choice 95 As many as possible 96 Other non-numeric responses 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IDEALKIDMN (V613) reports the ideal total number of children the man would have liked to have in his whole life, regardless of how many children he had actually fathered. The information is collected through hypothetical questions such as, "If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for men with living children) or "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for men without living children). If the man responded with a range of values, IDEALKID reports the midpoint between those values. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "If the midpoint is not an exact number then the number is rounded up in half the cases and rounded down for the other half." The questionnaires included space for non-numeric "other" responses, such as "Up to God." IPUMS Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6+ 7 Non-numeric response 9 NIU (not in universe) Like IDEALKIDMN, IDEALKIDGRPMN (MV614) reports the total number of children the man would hypothetically like to have in his whole life, regardless of how many children he actually had, but top-codes numeric responses at 6+ children and codes non-numeric responses as 7. IPUMS Ideal number of boys Ideal number of boys Ideal number of boys Ideal number of boys Ideal number of boys 509. How many of these children would you like to be boys, how many would you like to be girls and for how many would the sex not matter? NUMBER OF BOYS_____ OTHER 96 NUMBER OF GIRLS_____ OTHER 96 NUMBER OF EITHER SEX_____ OTHER 96 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 90 Non-numeric responses 91 Up to God 92 As many as possible 93 It depends 94 No preference 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKIDMN (MV613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the man would hypothetically want to have in his whole life, IDEALBOYSMN reports how many of these children would ideally be boys. Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLSMN (MV628), IDEALBOYSMN (MV627), and IDEALBOTHMN (MV629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKIDMN (MV613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God" or simply "Other") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal number of girls Ideal number of girls Ideal number of girls Ideal number of girls Ideal number of girls 509. How many of these children would you like to be boys, how many would you like to be girls and for how many would the sex not matter? NUMBER OF BOYS_____ OTHER 96 NUMBER OF GIRLS_____ OTHER 96 NUMBER OF EITHER SEX_____ OTHER 96 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 90 Non-numeric responses 91 Up to God 92 As many as possible 93 It depends 94 No preference 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKIDMN (MV613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the man would hypothetically want to have in his whole life, IDEALGIRLSMN reports how many of these children would ideally be girls. Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLSMN (MV628), IDEALBOYSMN (MV627), and IDEALBOTHMN (MV629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKIDMN (MV613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God" or simply "Other") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex Ideal number of children of either sex 509. How many of these children would you like to be boys, how many would you like to be girls and for how many would the sex not matter? NUMBER OF BOYS_____ OTHER 96 NUMBER OF GIRLS_____ OTHER 96 NUMBER OF EITHER SEX_____ OTHER 96 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 90 Non-numeric responses 91 Up to God 92 As many as possible 93 It depends 94 No preference 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) Based on a follow-up question to IDEALKIDMN (MV613), which collects information about the ideal number of children the man would hypothetically want to have in his whole life, IDEALBOTHMN reports how many of these children could be of either sex. Numeric responses to IDEALGIRLSMN (MV628), IDEALBOYSMN (MV627), and IDEALBOTHMN (MV629) should sum to the total number of children in IDEALKIDMN (MV613). Non-numeric responses (such as "up to God" or simply "Other") are allowed for each of these variables. IPUMS Desired time for future birth Desired time for future birth Desired time for future birth Desired time for future birth Desired time for future birth 507. How long would you like to wait from now before the birth of (a/another) child? MONTHS 1 _____ YEARS 2 _____ SOON/NOW 993 HE/ALL HIS WIVES/PARTNERS CAN'T GET PREGNANT 994 OTHER 996 DON'T KNOW 998 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 199 Months, number missing 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35 years 236 36 years 237 37 years 238 38 years 239 39 years 240 40 years 241 41 years 242 42 years 243 43 years 244 44 years 245 45 years 246 46 years 247 47 years 248 48 years 249 49 years 250 50+ years 299 Years, number missing 993 Up to God 994 After marriage 995 Soon/now 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For men who want to have a(nother) child, IDEALBTHFUTMN (MV616) reports how long, in months or years, the man would ideally like to wait before the birth of a/another child. As with other standard DHS variables reporting time intervals, the first digit of the code specifies the time unit: 1 for months and 2 for years. The second and third digits specify the number of months or years--for example, code 112 for twelve months. IPUMS Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child 507. How long would you like to wait from now before the birth of (a/another) child? MONTHS 1 _____ YEARS 2 _____ SOON/NOW 993 HE/ALL HIS WIVES/PARTNERS CAN'T GET PREGNANT 994 OTHER 996 DON'T KNOW 998 100 Less than 1 month (wants now) 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 199 Months, number missing 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35 years 236 36 years 237 37 years 238 38 years 239 39 years 240 40 years 241 41 years 242 42 years 243 43 years 244 44 years 245 45 years 246 46 years 247 47 years 248 48 years 249 49 years 250 50 years 251 51 years 252 52 years 253 53 years 254 54 years 255 55 years 256 56 years 257 57 years 258 58 years 259 59 years 260 60 years 261 61 years 262 62 years 263 63 years 264 64 years 265 65 years 266 66 years 267 67 years 268 68 years 269 69 years 270 70 years 271 71 years 272 72 years 273 73 years 274 74 years 275 75 years 276 76 years 277 77 years 278 78 years 279 79 years 280 80 years 281 81 years 282 82 years 283 83 years 284 84 years 285 85 years 286 86 years 287 87 years 288 88 years 289 89 years 290 90 years 298 Years, don't know number 299 Years, number missing 992 Up to God 993 After marriage 995 Soon or immediately 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For men who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECHMN (MV603) reports the amount of time they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child, in months or years, top-coded at 20 years. The related variable PREFTIMECHGPMN (MV604) presents the same information in years only, top-coded at 6+ years. IPUMS Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child (grouped) Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child (grouped) Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child (grouped) Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child (grouped) Man's preferred waiting time for birth of a/another child (grouped) 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6+ years 96 Non-numeric 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECHGPMN (MV604) reports the amount of time, in years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child, top-coded at 6+ years. The related variable PREFTIMECHMN (MV603) presents the same information in more detail, in terms of months or years, top-coded at 20 years. IPUMS Thinks contraception is woman's business, man should not worry Thinks contraception is woman's business, man should not worry Thinks contraception is woman's business, man should not worry Thinks contraception is woman's business, man should not worry Thinks contraception is woman's business, man should not worry 308. I will now read you some statements about contraception. Please tell me if you agree or disagree with each one. a) Contraception is women's business and a man should not have to worry about it. b) Women who use contraception may become promiscuous. CONTRACEPTION IS WOMEN'S BUSINESS AGREE 1 DISAGREE 2 DON'T KNOW 8 WOMAN MAY BECOME PROMISCUOUS AGREE 1 DISAGREE 2 DON'T KNOW 8 Disagree 1 Agree 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPISFEMPROB (MV3B25A) indicates whether the man agrees with the statement that "Contraception is a woman's problem and a man should not have to worry about it." IPUMS Thinks women who use contraception become promiscuous Thinks women who use contraception become promiscuous Thinks women who use contraception become promiscuous Thinks women who use contraception become promiscuous Thinks women who use contraception become promiscuous 308. I will now read you some statements about contraception. Please tell me if you agree or disagree with each one. a) Contraception is women's business and a man should not have to worry about it. b) Women who use contraception may become promiscuous. CONTRACEPTION IS WOMEN'S BUSINESS AGREE 1 DISAGREE 2 DON'T KNOW 8 WOMAN MAY BECOME PROMISCUOUS AGREE 1 DISAGREE 2 DON'T KNOW 8 Disagree 1 Agree 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPMAKEFEMPROM (MV3B25B) indicates whether the man agrees with the statement that "Women who use contraception may become promiscuous." IPUMS Knows any type of FP method Knows any type of FP method Knows any type of FP method Knows any type of FP method Knows any type of FP method SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 Knows no method 1 Knows only folkloric method 2 Knows only traditional method 3 Knows modern method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOTYPMN (MV301) is a summary (recoded) variable indicating whether the man knows about any family planning method(s) and, if so, what type of method (modern method or only a traditional or folkloric method). In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUDs, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet) that vary across samples. IPUMS Knows about the Pill for FP Knows about the Pill for FP Knows about the Pill for FP Knows about the Pill for FP Knows about the Pill for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOPILLMN (MV304_01) indicates whether the man knows about the Pill as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, the Pill is often described by the following text: Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. IPUMS Knows about IUD for FP Knows about IUD for FP Knows about IUD for FP Knows about IUD for FP Knows about IUD for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIUDMN (MV304_02) indicates whether the man knows about IUDs (intra-uterine devices) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, an IUD is often described by the following text: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. IPUMS Knows about injectable FP Knows about injectable FP Knows about injectable FP Knows about injectable FP Knows about injectable FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOINJMN (MV304_03) indicates whether the man knows about injectables as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, injectables are often described by the following text: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. IPUMS Knows about condom for FP Knows about condom for FP Knows about condom for FP Knows about condom for FP Knows about condom for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOCONMN (MV304_05) indicates whether the man knows about male condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, male condoms are often described by the following text: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual intercourse. IPUMS Knows about female sterilization for FP Knows about female sterilization for FP Knows about female sterilization for FP Knows about female sterilization for FP Knows about female sterilization for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFSTMN (MV304_06) indicates whether the man knows about female sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, female sterilization is often described by the following text: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. IPUMS Knows about male sterilization for FP Knows about male sterilization for FP Knows about male sterilization for FP Knows about male sterilization for FP Knows about male sterilization for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOMSTMN (MV304_07) indicates whether the man knows about male sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, male sterilization is often described by the following text: Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. IPUMS Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNORHYMN (MV304_08) indicates whether the man knows about the rhythm method or periodic abstinence as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, the rhythm method or period abstinence is often described by the following text: To avoid pregnancy, women do not have sexual intercourse on the days of the month they think they can get pregnant. IPUMS Knows about withdrawal for FP Knows about withdrawal for FP Knows about withdrawal for FP Knows about withdrawal for FP Knows about withdrawal for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOWDMN (MV304_09) indicates whether the man knows about withdrawal as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, withdrawal is often described by the following text: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. IPUMS Knows about implants or Norplant for FP Knows about implants or Norplant for FP Knows about implants or Norplant for FP Knows about implants or Norplant for FP Knows about implants or Norplant for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIMPMN (MV304_11) indicates whether the man knows about implants (such as Norplant) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, implants are often described by the following text: Women can have one or more small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. IPUMS Knows about lactational amenorrhea for FP Knows about lactational amenorrhea for FP Knows about lactational amenorrhea for FP Knows about lactational amenorrhea for FP Knows about lactational amenorrhea for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOLAMMN (MV304_13) indicates whether the man knows about the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, LAM is often described by the following text: Up to six months after childbirth, before the menstrual period has returned, women use a method requiring frequent breastfeeding day and night. IPUMS Knows about female condom for FP Knows about female condom for FP Knows about female condom for FP Knows about female condom for FP Knows about female condom for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFCMN (MV304_14) indicates whether the man knows about female condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, female condoms are often described by the following text: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. IPUMS Knows about emergency contraception for FP Knows about emergency contraception for FP Knows about emergency contraception for FP Knows about emergency contraception for FP Knows about emergency contraception for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOEMRGMN (MV304_16) indicates whether the man knows about emergency contraception as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, emergency contraception is often described by the following text: As an emergency measure, within three days after they have unprotected sexual intercourse, women can take special pills to prevent pregnancy. IPUMS Knows about other method for FP Knows about other method for FP Knows about other method for FP Knows about other method for FP Knows about other method for FP SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOOMMN indicates whether the man knows about any other family planning methods. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific family planning methods included in a particular sample. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Current FP use by method type Current FP use by method type Current FP use by method type Current FP use by method type Current FP use by method type 441. What method did you or your partner use? PROBE: Did you or your partner use any other method to prevent pregnancy? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FEMALE STERILIZATION A MALE STERILIZATION B IUD C INJECTABLES D IMPLANTS E PILL F FEMALE CONDOM G DIAPHRAGM H FOAM/JELLY I LAM J RHYTHM METHOD K WITHDRAWAL L OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ X No method 1 Folkloric method 2 Traditional method 3 Modern method 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPNOWMN (MV313) indicates whether the man is currently using a modern, traditional, or folkloric method of contraception. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP 440. The last time you had sex did you or your partner use any method (other than a condom) to avoid or prevent a pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 501) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 501) 000 Not using 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/implants 104 Injections 110 Diaphragm/foam/jelly 111 Diaphragm 112 Foam or jelly 120 Condom 121 Male condom 122 Female condom 130 Sterilization 131 Female sterilization 132 Male sterilization 140 Lactional amenorrhea (LAM) 141 Prolonged breastfeeding 150 Emergency contraception 190 Other modern method 191 Contraceptive patch 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or period abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle beads/standard days method (SDM) 213 (Prolonged) abstinence 214 Cervical mucus method 219 National family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 290 Other traditional/folkloric 291 Herbs 292 Gris-gris/amulet 293 Tafo 294 Strings 300 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FPMETHNOWMN (MV312) reports the contraceptive method the man is currently using. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. See FPEVUSEMN (MV302) for more information on broad categories of contraceptive methods. IPUMS FP method currently used: The Pill FP method currently used: The Pill FP method currently used: The Pill FP method currently used: The Pill FP method currently used: The Pill No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSPILLMN (MV307_01) indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using the Pill as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD FP method currently used: IUD No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSIUDMN (MV307_02) indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using an IUD as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Injectables FP method currently used: Injectables FP method currently used: Injectables FP method currently used: Injectables FP method currently used: Injectables No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSINJMN (MV307_03) indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using injectables as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm FP method currently used: Diaphragm No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSDIAMN (MV307_04) indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using the diaphragm as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom FP method currently used: Condom No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSCONMN (MV307_05) indicates whether the man is currently using male condoms as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization FP method currently used: Female sterilization No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSFSTMN (MV307_06) indicates whether the man is currently using female sterilization as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization FP method currently used: Male sterilization No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSMSTMN (MV307_07) indicates whether the man is currently using male sterilization as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Rhythm/periodic abstinence FP method currently used: Rhythm/periodic abstinence FP method currently used: Rhythm/periodic abstinence FP method currently used: Rhythm/periodic abstinence FP method currently used: Rhythm/periodic abstinence No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSRHYMN (MV307_08) indicates whether the man is currently using periodic abstinence or the rhythm method as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal FP method currently used: Withdrawal No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSWDMN (MV307_09) indicates whether the man is currently using withdrawal as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants FP method currently used: Implants No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSIMPMN (MV307_11) indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using implants, such as Norplant, as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) FP method currently used: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSLAMMN (MV307_13) indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Female condoms FP method currently used: Female condoms FP method currently used: Female condoms FP method currently used: Female condoms FP method currently used: Female condoms No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSFCMN (MV307_14) indicates whether the man is currently using female condoms as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Foam or jelly FP method currently used: Foam or jelly FP method currently used: Foam or jelly FP method currently used: Foam or jelly FP method currently used: Foam or jelly No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSFJMN (MV307_15) indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using foam or jelly as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception FP method currently used: Emergency contraception No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSEMRGMN (MV307_16) indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using emergency contraception as a contraceptive method. IPUMS FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method FP method currently used: Other method No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNOWUSOMMN indicates whether the man (or his most recent sex partner) is currently using some other contraceptive method. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific family planning methods included in a particular sample. IPUMS Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio 509C. In the last six months have you heard about family planning: a) On the radio? b) On the television? c) In a newspaper or magazine? d) From a poster? e) From billboards? f) At community events? g) From live drama? h) From a doctor or nurse? i) From a community health worker? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE YES 1 NO 2 POSTER YES 1 NO 2 BILLBOARD YES 1 NO 2 COMMUNITY EVENT YES 1 NO 2 DRAMA YES 1 NO 2 DOCTOR/NURSE YES 1 NO 2 HEALTH WORKER YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPRADIOHRMN (MV384A) indicates whether the man heard family planning message(s) on the radio recently. IPUMS Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently 509C. In the last six months have you heard about family planning: a) On the radio? b) On the television? c) In a newspaper or magazine? d) From a poster? e) From billboards? f) At community events? g) From live drama? h) From a doctor or nurse? i) From a community health worker? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE YES 1 NO 2 POSTER YES 1 NO 2 BILLBOARD YES 1 NO 2 COMMUNITY EVENT YES 1 NO 2 DRAMA YES 1 NO 2 DOCTOR/NURSE YES 1 NO 2 HEALTH WORKER YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTVHRMN (MV384B) indicates whether the man heard family planning message(s) on television recently. IPUMS Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine Heard FP message in newspaper/magazine 509C. In the last six months have you heard about family planning: a) On the radio? b) On the television? c) In a newspaper or magazine? d) From a poster? e) From billboards? f) At community events? g) From live drama? h) From a doctor or nurse? i) From a community health worker? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE YES 1 NO 2 POSTER YES 1 NO 2 BILLBOARD YES 1 NO 2 COMMUNITY EVENT YES 1 NO 2 DRAMA YES 1 NO 2 DOCTOR/NURSE YES 1 NO 2 HEALTH WORKER YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPNEWSHRMN (MV384C) indicates whether the man has recently seen family planning messages in a newspaper or magazine. IPUMS Type of method: the Pill Type of method: the Pill Type of method: the Pill Type of method: the Pill Type of method: the Pill SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPPILLMN (M304A_01) reports whether the Pill is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPIUDMN (M304A_02) reports whether IUDs (intrauterine devices) are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPINJMN (M304A_03) reports whether injectables are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPCONMN (M304A_05) reports whether condoms are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFSTMN (M304A_06) reports whether female sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPMSTMN (M304A_07) reports whether male sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPRHYMN (M304A_08) reports whether the rhythm method or periodic abstinence is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPWDMN (M304A_09) reports whether withdrawal is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Implants or Norplant Type of method: Implants or Norplant Type of method: Implants or Norplant Type of method: Implants or Norplant Type of method: Implants or Norplant SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPIMPMN (M304A_11) reports whether implants or Norplant are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) Type of method: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPLAMMN (M304A_13) reports whether the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom Type of method: Female condom SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFCMN (M304A_14) reports whether female condoms are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception Type of method: Emergency contraception SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPEMRGMN (M304A_16) reports whether emergency contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Other method (unspecified) Type of method: Other method (unspecified) Type of method: Other method (unspecified) Type of method: Other method (unspecified) Type of method: Other method (unspecified) SECTION 3. CONTRACEPTION 301. Now I would like to talk about family planning -the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? PROCEED DOWN COLUMN 301, READING THE NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. CIRCLE CODE '1' IF METHOD IS RECOGNIZED, AND CODE 2 IF NOT RECOGNIZED. 01 Female Sterilization. PROBE: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 02 Male Sterilization. PROBE : Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. YES 1 NO 2 03 IUD. PROBE: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse. YES 1 NO 2 04 Injectables. PROBE: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. YES NO 05 Implants. PROBE: Women can have several small rods placed in their upper arm by a doctor or nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. YES 1 NO 2 06 PILL. PROBE : Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 07 Condom. PROBE: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual Intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 08 Female Condom . PROBE: Women can place a sheath in their vagina before sexual intercourse. YES 1 NO 2 09 Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) YES 1 NO 2 10 Rhythm Method. PROBE : Every month that a woman is sexually active she can avoid pregnancy by not having sexual intercourse on the days of the month she is most likely to get pregnant. YES 1 NO 2 11 Withdrawal. PROBE: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. YES 1 NO 2 12 Emergency Contraception. PROBE : As an emergency measure after sexual intercourse, women can take special pills at any time within 5 days to prevent pregnancy. YES 1 NO 2 13 Have you heard of any other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES (SPECIFY) _______ 1 NO 2 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPOMMN reports whether the unspecified "other" methods are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific family planning methods included in a particular sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Ever heard of HIV/AIDS Ever heard of HIV/AIDS Ever heard of HIV/AIDS Ever heard of HIV/AIDS Ever heard of HIV/AIDS 701. Now I would like to talk about something else. Have you ever heard of an illness called AIDS? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 733) No 1 Yes 8 Missing AIDSHEARDMN (MV751) indicates whether the man has heard of AIDS/HIV. IPUMS Thinks a healthy-looking person can have HIV Thinks a healthy-looking person can have HIV Thinks a healthy-looking person can have HIV Thinks a healthy-looking person can have HIV Thinks a healthy-looking person can have HIV 708. Is it possible for a healthy-looking person to have the AIDS virus? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDHEALTHYMN (MV756) indicates whether the man thinks it is possible for a healthy-looking person to have the AIDS virus/HIV. IPUMS Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret Would want HIV infection in family to remain secret No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDFAMSECRETMN (MV777) indicates whether the man would want an HIV/AIDS infection in his family to remain a secret. IPUMS Willing to care for relative with AIDS Willing to care for relative with AIDS Willing to care for relative with AIDS Willing to care for relative with AIDS Willing to care for relative with AIDS 722. If a member of your family became sick with AIDS, would you be willing to care for her or him in your own household? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW/NOT SURE/DEPENDS 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDCARERELMN (MV778) indicates whether the man would be willing to care for a relative with AIDS in his own household. IPUMS Should a female teacher with HIV (but not sick) continue teaching Should a female teacher with HIV (but not sick) continue teaching Should a female teacher with HIV (but not sick) continue teaching Should a female teacher with HIV (but not sick) continue teaching Should a female teacher with HIV (but not sick) continue teaching 723. In your opinion, if a female teacher has the AIDS virus but is not sick, should she be allowed to continue teaching in the school? SHOULD BE ALLOWED 1 SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED 2 DON'T KNOW/NOT SURE/DEPENDS 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDLETTCHFMN (MV779) indicates whether the man thinks that a female teacher with HIV/AIDS should be allowed to continue teaching. See Comparability. IPUMS Would buy vegetables from vendor with HIV Would buy vegetables from vendor with HIV Would buy vegetables from vendor with HIV Would buy vegetables from vendor with HIV Would buy vegetables from vendor with HIV 720. Would you buy fresh vegetables from a shopkeeper or vendor if you knew that this person had the AIDS virus? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETVENDORMN (MV825) indicates whether the man would buy vegetables from a vendor with the AIDS virus/HIV. IPUMS Having only 1 partner with no other partners reduces HIV/AIDS risk Having only 1 partner with no other partners reduces HIV/AIDS risk Having only 1 partner with no other partners reduces HIV/AIDS risk Having only 1 partner with no other partners reduces HIV/AIDS risk Having only 1 partner with no other partners reduces HIV/AIDS risk 702. Can people reduce their chances of getting the AIDS virus by having just one uninfected sex partner who has no other sex partners? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AID1PARLOWRYNMN (MV754DP) indicates whether the man believes having sex with only one (uninfected) partner who has no other sex partners reduces the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. IPUMS Always using condom during sex reduces HIV/AIDS risk Always using condom during sex reduces HIV/AIDS risk Always using condom during sex reduces HIV/AIDS risk Always using condom during sex reduces HIV/AIDS risk Always using condom during sex reduces HIV/AIDS risk 704. Can people reduce their chance of getting the AIDS virus by using a condom every time they have sex? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDCONLOWRYNMN (MV754CP) indicates whether the man believes using a condom during sex reduces risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. IPUMS Can get HIV from mosquito bites Can get HIV from mosquito bites Can get HIV from mosquito bites Can get HIV from mosquito bites Can get HIV from mosquito bites 703. Can people get the AIDS virus from mosquito bites? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETBITEMN (MV754JP) indicates whether, in response to a yes/no question, the male respondent believes that AIDS can be transmitted through mosquito bites. IPUMS Can get HIV by sharing food with a person who has AIDS Can get HIV by sharing food with a person who has AIDS Can get HIV by sharing food with a person who has AIDS Can get HIV by sharing food with a person who has AIDS Can get HIV by sharing food with a person who has AIDS 705. Can people get the AIDS virus by sharing food with a person who has AIDS? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETFOODMN (MV754WP) indicates whether the man believes AIDS/HIV can be transmitted through sharing food (or dining utensils) with an infected person. IPUMS Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means Can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means 707. Can people get the AIDS virus because of witchcraft or other supernatural means? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDGETWITCHMN (MV823) indicates whether the man believes the AIDS virus/HIV can be contracted through witchcraft or supernatural means. Not all surveys specifically use the term "witchcraft" in the question. See Comparability. IPUMS HIV transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy HIV transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy HIV transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy HIV transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy HIV transmitted from mother to child: During pregnancy 709. Can the virus that causes AIDS be transmitted from a mother to her baby: During pregnancy? During delivery? By breastfeeding? DURING PREG YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 DURING DELIVERY YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 BREASTFEEDING YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTRANPREGMN (MV774A) indicates whether the man acknowledged transmission during pregnancy as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no question format, some surveys used an open-ended question. See Comparability. IPUMS HIV transmitted from mother to child: During delivery HIV transmitted from mother to child: During delivery HIV transmitted from mother to child: During delivery HIV transmitted from mother to child: During delivery HIV transmitted from mother to child: During delivery 709. Can the virus that causes AIDS be transmitted from a mother to her baby: During pregnancy? During delivery? By breastfeeding? DURING PREG YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 DURING DELIVERY YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 BREASTFEEDING YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTRANDELIVMN (MV774B) indicates whether the man acknowledged transmission during delivery as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no question format, some surveys used an open-ended question instead. See Comparability. IPUMS HIV transmitted from mother to child: By breastfeeding HIV transmitted from mother to child: By breastfeeding HIV transmitted from mother to child: By breastfeeding HIV transmitted from mother to child: By breastfeeding HIV transmitted from mother to child: By breastfeeding 709. Can the virus that causes AIDS be transmitted from a mother to her baby: During pregnancy? During delivery? By breastfeeding? DURING PREG YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 DURING DELIVERY YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 BREASTFEEDING YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTRANFEEDMN (MV774C) indicates whether the man acknowledged transmission during breastfeeding as a way that AIDS can be passed from mother to child. While this information was generally collected using a yes/no format, some surveys used an open-ended question instead. See Comparability. IPUMS Know about drugs to avoid HIV transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid HIV transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid HIV transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid HIV transmission to baby during pregnancy Know about drugs to avoid HIV transmission to baby during pregnancy 711. Are there any special drugs that a doctor or a nurse can give to a woman infected with the AIDS virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDKNOPREGDRGMN (MV824) indicates whether the man knows of medicine that helps prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. IPUMS Ever been tested for HIV Ever been tested for HIV Ever been tested for HIV Ever been tested for HIV Ever been tested for HIV 713. I don't want to know the results, but have you ever been tested to see if you have the AIDS virus? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 718) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AIDTESTEVMN (MV781) indicates whether the male respondent has ever been tested for the AIDS virus/HIV. IPUMS Received result from last HIV test Received result from last HIV test Received result from last HIV test Received result from last HIV test Received result from last HIV test 716. I don't want to know the results, but did you get the results of the test? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men who had been tested for the AIDS virus, AIDLTGOTRESMN (MV828) indicates whether they received the result of their last AIDS test. IPUMS Place where last HIV test was taken Place where last HIV test was taken Place where last HIV test was taken Place where last HIV test was taken Place where last HIV test was taken 717. Where was the test done? PROBE TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SOURCE IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR, WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. (NAME OF PLACE) _________ GOVERNMENT/PARASTATAL REFERRAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL 11(GO TO 720) REGIONAL HOSPITAL 12(GO TO 720) DISTRICT HOSPITAL 13(GO TO 720) HEALTH CENTRE 14(GO TO 720) DISPENSARY 15(GO TO 720) VILLAGE HEALTH POST 16(GO TO 720) CBD WORKER 17(GO TO 720) RELIGIOUS/VOLUNTARY REFERAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL 21(GO TO 720) DISTRICT HOSPITAL 22(GO TO 720) GOVT.HEALTH CENTRE 23(GO TO 720) DISPENSARY 24(GO TO 720) PRIVATE DISTRICT HOSPITAL 31(GO TO 720) HEALTH CENTRE 32(GO TO 720) DISPENSARY 33(GO TO 720) OTHER PHARMACY 41(GO TO 720) NGO 42(GO TO 720) VCT CENTRE 43(GO TO 720) OTHER _________ 96(GO TO 720) 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Ambulatory treatment center 1270 Category I health center 1280 Category II health center 1290 Primary health center 1300 Government STI or HIV/AIDS center 1310 Government VCT center 1311 Government stand-alone VCT center 1312 Government mobile VCT/survey team 1320 Government screening center 1330 STI clinic 1400 Government family planning clinic 1500 Government outreach 1510 Government mobile clinic 1520 Government health post 1521 Village health post 1530 Government health worker 1531 Field worker 1532 Community health worker 1533 Trained government health worker 1534 Health surveillance assistant 1535 Door-to-door 1600 Government maternity home 1610 Rural maternity home 1700 Government school-based clinic/dispensary 1800 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Blood donation center 1902 Government laboratory 1903 Government health home 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic or doctor 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private doctor/clinic 2130 Private polyclinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2210 Private pharmacy 2220 Private dispensary 2230 Private chemist/drug shop 2300 Private STI or HIV/AIDS center 2310 Private VCT center 2311 Private stand-alone VCT center 2312 Private mobile VCT/survey team 2313 New Start center 2320 HIV/AIDS information/treatment center 2330 STI clinic 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2522 Private field worker 2530 Private health post 2600 Private outreach 2610 Private mobile clinic 2620 Private health worker 2621 Private community health worker 2700 Private maternity home 2800 Private school-based clinic/dispensary 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Private laboratory 2902 Private blood transfusion services 2903 Private youth center 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 International Red Cross 3120 Marie Stopes International 3130 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 BLM 3302 MACRO 3303 TASO 3304 Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS 4100 Religious hospital 4110 Referral/specialty hospital 4120 District hospital 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4400 Religious outreach 4410 Religious health post 4420 Religious mobile clinic 4430 Religious door-to-door 4900 Other religious 5000 OTHER 5001 Home 5002 Workplace 5003 Correctional facility 5004 Fieldworker 5005 Friend/relative 5006 Military base 5007 Community support group 5008 Church 5009 Shop/kiosk 5010 Bar 5011 Charity/foundation 5012 Refugee camp 5013 Traditional healer 9000 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For men ever been tested for HIV/AIDS, ATLWHEREMN (MV829) reports where the man's last HIV/AIDS test was taken. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV Time since last tested for HIV 714. When was the last time you were tested? LESS THAN 12 MONTHS AGO 1 12 -23 MONTHS AGO 2 2 OR MORE YEARS AGO 3 1 Less than 12 months 2 12-23 months 3 2 years or more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men who had been tested for the AIDS virus, AIDLTWHENMN (MV826) reports the time since their last AIDS test in grouped months or years. IPUMS Know a place to get HIV test Know a place to get HIV test Know a place to get HIV test Know a place to get HIV test Know a place to get HIV test 718. Do you know of a place where people can go to get tested for the AIDS virus? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 720) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HPLCAIDSTESTMN (MV783) indicates whether the man knew a place to get tested for the AIDS virus, based on a yes/no question. IPUMS Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse 419. When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? IF LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED IN DAYS, WEEKS OR MONTHS. IF 12 MONTHS (ONE YEAR) OR MORE, ANSWER MUST BE RECORDED IN YEARS. DAYS AGO 1 _____ WEEKS AGO 2 ______ MONTHS AGO 3 ______ YEARS AGO 4 ______ (GO TO 435) 100 Less than 1 day ago 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 Days, don't know number 199 Days, number missing 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 253 53 weeks 254 54 weeks 255 55 weeks 256 56 weeks 257 57 weeks 258 58 weeks 259 59 weeks 260 60 weeks 261 61 weeks 262 62 weeks 263 63 weeks 299 Weeks, number missing 300 Less than 1 month ago 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 398 Months, don't know number 399 Months, number missing 401 1 year 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 446 46 years 447 47 years 448 48 years 449 49 years 450 50 years 451 51 years 452 52 years 453 53 years 454 54 years 455 55 years 456 56 years 457 57 years 458 58 years 459 59 years 460 60 years 461 61 years 462 62 years 463 63 years 464 64 years 465 65 years 466 66 years 467 67 years 468 68 years 469 69 years 470 70 years 471 71 years 472 72 years 473 73 years 474 74 years 475 75 years 476 76 years 477 77 years 478 78 years 479 79 years 480 80 years 481 81 years 482 82 years 483 83 years 484 84 years 485 85 years 486 86 years 487 87 years 488 88 years 489 89 years 490 90 years 491 91 years 492 92 years 493 93 years 494 94 years 495 95 years 496 96 years 497 97 years 498 Year, don't know number 499 Years, number missing 992 With former partner 993 No partner 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXMN (MV527) reports how many days, weeks, months or years had passed since the man last had sexual intercourse with his most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days 421. When was the last time you had sexual intercourse with this person? DAYS____ 1 WEEKS____ 2 MONTHS____ 3 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31+ days 93 Within last 4 weeks 94 Before last birth 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXDMN (MV528) reports the number of days that have passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. Durations of more than 30 days are grouped into "31+." If the respondent reported having sexual intercourse in the last 4 weeks but replied that his last sexual intercourse was one month before the interview (in TIMESINCESEXMN (MV527), this response is recoded to "30" in TIMESINCESEXDMN. In all other cases, a response of "One month" in TIMESINCESEXMN is coded as "31+." IPUMS Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) 421. When was the last time you had sexual intercourse with this person? DAYS____ 1 WEEKS____ 2 MONTHS____ 3 000 Less than 1 month 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXMMN (MV529) reports the computed time (in months) since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. This variable's value is computed from the responses in TIMESINCESEXMN (MV527), with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth recoded as "Before last birth." IPUMS Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks Sexual activity in past 4 weeks 421. When was the last time you had sexual intercourse with this person? DAYS____ 1 WEEKS____ 2 MONTHS____ 3 Never had intercourse 1 Active in last 4 weeks 2 Not active in last 4 weeks 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SEXACTIV4WKMN (MV536) reports the respondent's recent sexual activity (never had intercourse, sexually active in the last 4 weeks, or not sexually active in the last 4 weeks). IPUMS Time since last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Time since last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Time since last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Time since last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner Time since last intercourse with 2nd most recent partner 421. When was the last time you had sexual intercourse with this person? DAYS____ 1 WEEKS____ 2 MONTHS____ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 199 Days, number missing 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 298 Weeks, don't know number 299 Weeks, number missing 300 Less than 1 month 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 398 Months, don't know number 399 Months, number missing 401 1 years 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 499 Years, number missing 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For men who had sexual intercourse with at least two partners in the last 12 months, SXTIMETOPAR2MN (MV832B) indicates how many days, weeks, or months had passed since he last had intercourse with his second-most-recent sex partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Time since last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Time since last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Time since last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner Time since last intercourse with 3rd most recent partner 421. When was the last time you had sexual intercourse with this person? DAYS____ 1 WEEKS____ 2 MONTHS____ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 198 Days, don't know number 199 Days, number missing 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 298 Weeks, don't know number 299 Weeks, number missing 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 398 Months, don't know number 399 Months, number missing 401 1 year 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 499 Years, number missing 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For men who had sexual intercourse with at least three partners in the last 12 months, SXTIMETOPAR3MN (MV832C) indicates how many days, weeks, or months had passed since he last had intercourse with his third-most-recent sex partner. IPUMS Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months Number of sex partners, including spouse, in past 12 months 429. In total, with how many different people have you had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months? IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS GREATER THAN 95, WRITE '95.' NUMBER OF PARTNERS LAST 12 MONTHS ______ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 90 90 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPARYRNOMN (MV766B) reports the number of sex partners the man had in the past 12 months, including his wife(wives)/partner(s). IPUMS Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in last 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in last 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in last 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in last 12 months Number of sex partners, excluding spouse, in last 12 months 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPARYRNO2MN (MV766A) reports the number of sex partners the man had in the past 12 months, excluding his wife(wives)/partner(s). IPUMS Paid for sex in last 12 months Paid for sex in last 12 months Paid for sex in last 12 months Paid for sex in last 12 months Paid for sex in last 12 months 432. In the last 12 months, did you pay anyone in exchange for having sexual intercourse? YES 1 (GO TO 433) NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MONEYFORSEXYRMN (MV793) indicates whether the man has paid anyone in in the last 12 months in exchange for having sexual intercourse. The related variable MONEYFORSEXMN (MV791) indicates whether the man has ever paid anyone in exchange for having sexual intercourse. IPUMS Relationship with most recent sex partner Relationship with most recent sex partner Relationship with most recent sex partner Relationship with most recent sex partner Relationship with most recent sex partner 424. What was your relationship to this (second/third) person with whom you had sexual intercourse? IF GIRLFRIEND: Were you living together as if married? IF YES, CIRCLE '2'. IF NO, CIRCLE '3'. WIFE 1 LIVE-IN PARTNER 2 GIRLFRIEND NOT LIVING WITH RESPONDENT 3 (GO TO 425) CASUAL ACQUAINTANCE 4 (GO TO 425) PROSTITUTE 5 (GO TO 425) OTHER 6 (GO TO 425) 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Girlfriend/fiancee not living with respondent 21 Regular partner 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 61 Transgender/male partner 95 Other, unspecified 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR1RELMN (MV767A) reports the man's relationship to his most recent sex partner. IPUMS Relationship with 2nd most recent sex partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sex partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sex partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sex partner Relationship with 2nd most recent sex partner 424. What was your relationship to this (second/third) person with whom you had sexual intercourse? IF GIRLFRIEND: Were you living together as if married? IF YES, CIRCLE '2'. IF NO, CIRCLE '3'. WIFE 1 LIVE-IN PARTNER 2 GIRLFRIEND NOT LIVING WITH RESPONDENT 3 (GO TO 425) CASUAL ACQUAINTANCE 4 (GO TO 425) PROSTITUTE 5 (GO TO 425) OTHER 6 (GO TO 425) 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Girlfriend/fiancee not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 61 Transgender/male partner 95 Other, unspecified 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR2RELMN (MV767B) reports the man's relationship to his second-most-recent sex partner. IPUMS Relationship with 3rd most recent sex partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sex partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sex partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sex partner Relationship with 3rd most recent sex partner 424. What was your relationship to this (second/third) person with whom you had sexual intercourse? IF GIRLFRIEND: Were you living together as if married? IF YES, CIRCLE '2'. IF NO, CIRCLE '3'. WIFE 1 LIVE-IN PARTNER 2 GIRLFRIEND NOT LIVING WITH RESPONDENT 3 (GO TO 425) CASUAL ACQUAINTANCE 4 (GO TO 425) PROSTITUTE 5 (GO TO 425) OTHER 6 (GO TO 425) 10 Spouse/cohabiting partner 11 Spouse 12 Live-in partner 20 Girlfriend/fiancee not living with respondent 30 Other friend 31 Casual acquaintance 40 Relative 50 Commercial sex worker/client 60 Other 61 Transgender/male partner 95 Other, unspecified 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPAR3RELMN (MV767C) reports the man's relationship to his third-most-recent sex partner. IPUMS Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse 414. Now I would like to ask you some questions about sexual activity in order to gain a better understanding of some important life issues. How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the very first time? NEVER HAD SEXUAL INTERCOURSE 00 (GO TO 501) AGE IN YEARS _______ FIRST TIME WHEN STARTED LIVING WITH (FIRST) WIFE/PARTNER 95 00 Not had intercourse 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 95 At first union 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing AGE1STSEXMN (MV525) indicates the man's self-reported age for the first time he had sexual intercourse. IPUMS Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) 414. Now I would like to ask you some questions about sexual activity in order to gain a better understanding of some important life issues. How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the very first time? NEVER HAD SEXUAL INTERCOURSE 00 (GO TO 501) AGE IN YEARS _______ FIRST TIME WHEN STARTED LIVING WITH (FIRST) WIFE/PARTNER 95 00 Not had sex 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing AGE1STSEXIMPMN (MV531) reports the respondent's age at first sexual intercourse. This variable is the same as AGE1STSEXMN (MV525), except for men who reported their first sexual intercourse was at the time of their first union. For these men, the age at first sex is taken from the age at first union. In cases where the age at first sex was inconsistent with the age at conception of the first child, but only by one year, the age at first sex was reduced by one year. IPUMS Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse No flag 1 After interview 2 After conception by 1 year or more 3 After conception by less than 1 year 4 At marriage, but never married 5 At marriage, but after conception 6 After marriage 8 Missing AGE1STSEXFLAGMN (MV532) is a flag variable reporting the type of inconsistency found when editing responses about when the respondent first had sexual intercourse. Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Respondent reported age at first sexual intercourse that exceeds his current age (AGEMN (MV012)) 2 = Respondent reported his age at first sexual intercourse as occurring more than one year after the conception of his first child 3 = Respondent reported his age at first sexual intercourse as occurring up to one year after the conception of his first child 4 = Respondent reported that his first sexual intercourse was at the time of his first marriage, but the respondent was never married (EVERMARRIEDMN (MV535)) 5 = Respondent reported that his first sexual intercourse was at the time of his first marriage, but his first marriage occurred after the conception of his first child 6 = Respondent reported his first sexual intercourse as being some time after his first marriage IPUMS Total lifetime number of sex partners Total lifetime number of sex partners Total lifetime number of sex partners Total lifetime number of sex partners Total lifetime number of sex partners 435. In total, with how many different people have you had sexual intercourse in your lifetime? IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. IF NUMBER OF PARTNERS IS GREATER THAN 95, WRITE '95.' NUMBER OF PARTNERS IN LIFETIME ______ DON'T KNOW 98 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SXPARLIFENOMN (MV836) reports the man's lifetime total number of sex partners. IPUMS Wife justified in refusing sex: Husband has an STI Wife justified in refusing sex: Husband has an STI Wife justified in refusing sex: Husband has an STI Wife justified in refusing sex: Husband has an STI Wife justified in refusing sex: Husband has an STI 742. If a wife knows her husband has a disease that she can get during sexual intercourse, is she justified in refusing to have sex with him? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 2 Not in union 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) NOSEXSTDMN (MV633A) indicates whether the man believes a wife is justified in refusing to have sex with her husband if she knows he has a sexually transmittable infection. IPUMS Wife justified to ask for condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask for condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask for condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask for condom use if husband has STI Wife justified to ask for condom use if husband has STI 743. If a wife knows her husband has a disease that she can get during sexual intercourse, is she justified in asking that they use a condom when they have sex? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONASKIFSTIMN (MV822) indicates whether the man believes a wife is justified in asking her husband to use a condom if he has an infection or disease that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. IPUMS Condom used during last sex with most recent partner Condom used during last sex with most recent partner Condom used during last sex with most recent partner Condom used during last sex with most recent partner Condom used during last sex with most recent partner 422. The last time you had sexual intercourse (with this second/third person), was a condom used? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 424) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONUSPAR1MN (MV761) indicates whether the man used a condom the last time he had sex with his most recent sex partner (from the last 12 months). IPUMS Condom used during last sex with 2nd most recent partner Condom used during last sex with 2nd most recent partner Condom used during last sex with 2nd most recent partner Condom used during last sex with 2nd most recent partner Condom used during last sex with 2nd most recent partner 422. The last time you had sexual intercourse (with this second/third person), was a condom used? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 424) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONUSPAR2MN (MV761B) indicates whether the man used a condom the last time he had sex with his second-most-recent sex partner (in the last 12 months). IPUMS Condom used during last sex with 3rd most recent partner Condom used during last sex with 3rd most recent partner Condom used during last sex with 3rd most recent partner Condom used during last sex with 3rd most recent partner Condom used during last sex with 3rd most recent partner 422. The last time you had sexual intercourse (with this second/third person), was a condom used? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 424) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONUSPAR3MN (MV761C) indicates whether the man used a condom the last time he had sex with his third-most-recent sex partner (in the last 12 months). IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with most recent partner in last 12 months 423. Was a condom used every time you had sexual intercourse with this person in the last 12 months? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR1MN (MV833A) indicates whether, over the past year, the man used a condom every time he had sex with his most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 2nd most recent partner in last 12 months 423. Was a condom used every time you had sexual intercourse with this person in the last 12 months? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR2MN (MV833B) indicates whether, over the past year, the man used a condom every time he had sex with his second-most-recent sexual partner. IPUMS Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner in last 12 months Used condom every time had sex with 3rd most recent partner in last 12 months 423. Was a condom used every time you had sexual intercourse with this person in the last 12 months? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONEVERYPAR3MN (MV833C) indicates whether, in the past year, the man used a condom every time he had sex with his third-most-recent sexual partner. IPUMS Condom used last time paid for sex in last 12 months Condom used last time paid for sex in last 12 months Condom used last time paid for sex in last 12 months Condom used last time paid for sex in last 12 months Condom used last time paid for sex in last 12 months 433. The last time you paid someone in exchange for having sexual intercourse, was a condom used? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 435) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONPAYSEXYR (MV793A) indicates whether the man used a condom the last time he paid for sex in the last 12 months. IPUMS Condom used every time paid for sex in last 12 months Condom used every time paid for sex in last 12 months Condom used every time paid for sex in last 12 months Condom used every time paid for sex in last 12 months Condom used every time paid for sex in last 12 months 434. Was a condom used during sexual intercourse every time you paid someone in exchange for having sexual intercourse in the last 12 months? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONPAYALLSEXYR (MV793B) indicates whether the man used a condom every time he paid for sex in the last 12 months. IPUMS Condom used at first sexual intercourse Condom used at first sexual intercourse Condom used at first sexual intercourse Condom used at first sexual intercourse Condom used at first sexual intercourse 418. The first time you had sexual intercourse, was a condom used? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW/DON'T REMEMBER 8 No 1 Yes 6 Refused 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CON1STSEXMN (MV820) indicates whether the man used a condom the first time he had sexual intercourse. IPUMS Source of last condom used during sex Source of last condom used during sex Source of last condom used during sex Source of last condom used during sex Source of last condom used during sex 438. From where did you obtain the condom the last time? PROBE TO IDENTIFY TYPE OF SOURCE. IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR, WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. (NAME OF PLACE) _________ GOVERNMENT/PARASTATAL REFERRAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL 11 REGIONAL HOSPITAL 12 DISTRICT HOSPITAL 13 HEALTH CENTRE 14 DISPENSARY 15 VILLAGE HEALTH POST 16 CBD WORKER 17 RELIGIOUS/VOLUNTARY REFERAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL 21 DISTRICT HOSPITAL 22 GOVT.HEALTH CENTRE 23 DISPENSARY 24 PRIVATE DISTRICT HOSPITAL 31 HEALTH CENTRE 32 DISPENSARY 33 OTHER PHARMACY 41 NGO 42 VCT CENTRE 43 SHOP/KIOSK 44 BAR 45 GUEST HOUSE/HOTEL 46 FRIEND/RELATIVE/NEIGHBOUR 47 OTHER (OTHER) _______ 96 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Provincial/regional hospital 1140 District hospital 1150 Rural hospital 1160 Category I hospital 1170 Category II hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Municipal health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Primary health center 1270 Basic health center 1280 Category I health center 1290 Category II health center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government mobile clinic 1420 Government health post 1421 Village health post 1422 Sub-center or sub-post 1423 Outreach clinic 1430 Government health worker 1431 Field worker 1432 Community health worker 1433 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 1434 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1435 Female community health volunteer (FCHV) 1436 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1437 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1500 Government maternity clinic 1510 Rural maternity 1600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1610 Government pharmacy 1611 Community pharmacy 1620 Government dispensary 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health station/clinic 1903 Youth center 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Specialized hospital 2112 District hospital 2120 Private clinic 2200 Private doctor 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2330 Private chemical/drug store 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Field worker 2422 Community/village health worker 2423 Community-based distribution agent (CBD) 2424 Paramedic 2425 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 2426 Traditional healer 2427 Traditional birth attendant 2500 Private family planning clinic 2510 Injectables outlet 2600 Private health center 2700 Private maternity/nursing home 2800 Private STI or HIV/AIDS center 2810 Private VCT center 2811 New Start center 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Anti-AIDS club 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3101 Red Cross 3102 Marie Stopes 3103 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Field worker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 Amo-Congo 3302 BLM 3303 MACRO 3304 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center 4300 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 4310 Religious dispensary 4400 Religious outreach 4410 Religious health post 4420 Religious mobile clinic 4430 Religious health worker 4431 Door-to-door 4900 Other religious 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5111 General dealer 5112 Supermarket 5113 Ration shop 5114 Tuck shop 5115 Gas station 5116 Betelnut shop 5117 Other shop 5120 Kiosk 5200 Other person 5210 Friend/relative 5220 Community volunteer 5230 Partner had condom 5300 Church 5400 School 5410 Youth center 5500 Bar/hotel 5510 Bar 5520 Hotel 5600 Informal channels 5610 Drug/street vendor 5620 Support group 5630 Peer educator 5640 Vending machine 5650 Public toilet 5700 Workplace 5800 Charity/foundation 5810 Condom campaign/box 9990 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For men who used a condom during last sex in the past year, FPCONRECSRCMN (MV3B17) reports the place where the man obtained that condom. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Does not know a source for male condoms Does not know a source for male condoms Does not know a source for male condoms Does not know a source for male condoms Does not know a source for male condoms 438. From where did you obtain the condom the last time? PROBE TO IDENTIFY TYPE OF SOURCE. IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR, WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. (NAME OF PLACE) _________ GOVERNMENT/PARASTATAL REFERRAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL 11 REGIONAL HOSPITAL 12 DISTRICT HOSPITAL 13 HEALTH CENTRE 14 DISPENSARY 15 VILLAGE HEALTH POST 16 CBD WORKER 17 RELIGIOUS/VOLUNTARY REFERAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL 21 DISTRICT HOSPITAL 22 GOVT.HEALTH CENTRE 23 DISPENSARY 24 PRIVATE DISTRICT HOSPITAL 31 HEALTH CENTRE 32 DISPENSARY 33 OTHER PHARMACY 41 NGO 42 VCT CENTRE 43 SHOP/KIOSK 44 BAR 45 GUEST HOUSE/HOTEL 46 FRIEND/RELATIVE/NEIGHBOUR 47 OTHER (OTHER) _______ 96 No, knows a source 1 Yes, does not know a source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCMMNDK (MV762AZ) indicates whether the man did not know of a source to obtain male condoms. IPUMS Could get a condom himself: Female condom Could get a condom himself: Female condom Could get a condom himself: Female condom Could get a condom himself: Female condom Could get a condom himself: Female condom 316. If you wanted to, could you yourself get a female condom? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONFCANMN (MV769A) indicates whether the man can get a female condom for himself. IPUMS Does not know a source for female condoms Does not know a source for female condoms Does not know a source for female condoms Does not know a source for female condoms Does not know a source for female condoms 315. Where is that? Any other place? PROBE TO IDENTIFY EACH TYPE OF SOURCE IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IS PUBLIC OR PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR , WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. (NAME OF PLACE(S)) _________ GOVERNMENT/PARASTATAL REFERRAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL A REGIONALHOSPITAL B DISTRICTHOSPITAL C HEALTHCENTRE D DISPENSARY E VILLAGEHEALTHPOST F CBDWORKER G RELIGIOUS/VOLUNTARY REFERAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL H DISTRICTHOSPITAL I GOVT.HEALTHCENTRE J DISPENSARY K PRIVATE DISTRICTHOSPITAL L HEALTHCENTRE M DISPENSARY N OTHER PHARMACY O NGO P VCTCENTRE Q SHOP/KIOSK R BAR S GUESTHOUSE/HOTEL T FRIEND/RELATIVE/NEIGHBOUR U OTHER (SPECIFY) _______ X No, knows a source 1 Yes, does not know a source 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HCFMNDK (MV762BZ) indicates whether the man did not know of a source to obtain female condoms. IPUMS Could get a condom himself: Male condom Could get a condom himself: Male condom Could get a condom himself: Male condom Could get a condom himself: Male condom Could get a condom himself: Male condom 312. If you wanted to, could you yourself get a condom? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) CONMCANMN (MV769) indicates whether the man can get a male condom for himself. IPUMS Ever heard of HIV/AIDS or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Ever heard of HIV/AIDS or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Ever heard of HIV/AIDS or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Ever heard of HIV/AIDS or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Ever heard of HIV/AIDS or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) 733. CHECK 701: HEARD ABOUT AIDS: Apart from AIDS, have you heard about other infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact? NOT HEARD ABOUT AIDS: Have you heard about infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing STIHEARDMN (MV750) indicates whether the man had heard of AIDS or any other sexually transmitted infection (STI). For a variable that indicates whether the male respondent had heard of STIs other than AIDS, see STIHEARDOTHMN (MV785). For a variable that indicates whether the male respondent had heard of AIDS specifically, see AIDSHEARDMN (MV751). IPUMS Heard about other STIs Heard about other STIs Heard about other STIs Heard about other STIs Heard about other STIs 733. CHECK 701: HEARD ABOUT AIDS: Apart from AIDS, have you heard about other infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact? NOT HEARD ABOUT AIDS: Have you heard about infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing STIHEARDOTHMN (MV785) indicates whether the man has heard of any sexually transmitted infection other than AIDS. For a variable that records whether the male respondent has heard of AIDS or any other STIs, see STIHEARDMN (MV750). IPUMS Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months Had any sexually transmitted infection in last 12 months 315. Where is that? Any other place? PROBE TO IDENTIFY EACH TYPE OF SOURCE IF UNABLE TO DETERMINE IS PUBLIC OR PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR , WRITE THE NAME OF THE PLACE. (NAME OF PLACE(S)) _________ GOVERNMENT/PARASTATAL REFERRAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL A REGIONALHOSPITAL B DISTRICTHOSPITAL C HEALTHCENTRE D DISPENSARY E VILLAGEHEALTHPOST F CBDWORKER G RELIGIOUS/VOLUNTARY REFERAL/SPEC.HOSPITAL H DISTRICTHOSPITAL I GOVT.HEALTHCENTRE J DISPENSARY K PRIVATE DISTRICTHOSPITAL L HEALTHCENTRE M DISPENSARY N OTHER PHARMACY O NGO P VCTCENTRE Q SHOP/KIOSK R BAR S GUESTHOUSE/HOTEL T FRIEND/RELATIVE/NEIGHBOUR U OTHER (SPECIFY) _______ X No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) STIANYRMN (MV763A) indicates whether the man had any sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months. How this information was collected changed over time. See Comparability. IPUMS Had genital sore/ulcer in last 12 months Had genital sore/ulcer in last 12 months Had genital sore/ulcer in last 12 months Had genital sore/ulcer in last 12 months Had genital sore/ulcer in last 12 months 738. Sometimes men have a sore or ulcer near their penis. During the last 12 months, have you had a sore or ulcer near your penis? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) STISOREYRMN (MV763B) indicates whether the man had a sore or genital ulcer in the last 12 months. IPUMS Had foul smelling genital discharge in last 12 months Had foul smelling genital discharge in last 12 months Had foul smelling genital discharge in last 12 months Had foul smelling genital discharge in last 12 months Had foul smelling genital discharge in last 12 months 737. Sometimes men experience an abnormal discharge from their penis. During the last 12 months, have you had an abnormal discharge from your penis? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) STIDISCHGYRMN (MV763C) indicates whether the man had any bad smelling abnormal genital discharge in the last 12 months. IPUMS Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI Sought advice for last STI 740. The last time you had (PROBLEM FROM 945/946/947), did you seek any kind of advice or treatment? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 742) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For men who had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or symptoms of such an infection in the past 12 months, STIADVICEMN (MV770) indicates whether the man sought advice or treatment for this problem. IPUMS Beating justified if: Wife goes out without telling husband Beating justified if: Wife goes out without telling husband Beating justified if: Wife goes out without telling husband Beating justified if: Wife goes out without telling husband Beating justified if: Wife goes out without telling husband 615. In your opinion, is a husband justified in hitting or beating his wife in the following situations: If she goes out without telling him? If she neglects the children? If she argues with him? If she refuses to have sex with him? If she burns the food? GOES OUT YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 NEGL. CHILDREN YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 ARGUES YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 REFUSES SEX YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 BURNS FOOD YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DVAGOOUTMN (MV744A) indicates whether the male respondent believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she goes out without telling him. IPUMS Beating justified if: Wife neglects the children Beating justified if: Wife neglects the children Beating justified if: Wife neglects the children Beating justified if: Wife neglects the children Beating justified if: Wife neglects the children 615. In your opinion, is a husband justified in hitting or beating his wife in the following situations: If she goes out without telling him? If she neglects the children? If she argues with him? If she refuses to have sex with him? If she burns the food? GOES OUT YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 NEGL. CHILDREN YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 ARGUES YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 REFUSES SEX YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 BURNS FOOD YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DVANEGKIDMN (MV744B) indicates whether the male respondent believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she neglects the children. IPUMS Beating justified if: Wife argues with husband Beating justified if: Wife argues with husband Beating justified if: Wife argues with husband Beating justified if: Wife argues with husband Beating justified if: Wife argues with husband 615. In your opinion, is a husband justified in hitting or beating his wife in the following situations: If she goes out without telling him? If she neglects the children? If she argues with him? If she refuses to have sex with him? If she burns the food? GOES OUT YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 NEGL. CHILDREN YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 ARGUES YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 REFUSES SEX YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 BURNS FOOD YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DVAARGUEMN (MV744C) indicates whether the male respondent believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she argues with him. IPUMS Beating justified if: Wife refuses to have sex with husband Beating justified if: Wife refuses to have sex with husband Beating justified if: Wife refuses to have sex with husband Beating justified if: Wife refuses to have sex with husband Beating justified if: Wife refuses to have sex with husband 615. In your opinion, is a husband justified in hitting or beating his wife in the following situations: If she goes out without telling him? If she neglects the children? If she argues with him? If she refuses to have sex with him? If she burns the food? GOES OUT YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 NEGL. CHILDREN YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 ARGUES YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 REFUSES SEX YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 BURNS FOOD YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DVAIFNOSEXMN (MV744D) indicates whether the male respondent believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she refuses to have sex with him. IPUMS Beating justified if: Wife burns food Beating justified if: Wife burns food Beating justified if: Wife burns food Beating justified if: Wife burns food Beating justified if: Wife burns food 615. In your opinion, is a husband justified in hitting or beating his wife in the following situations: If she goes out without telling him? If she neglects the children? If she argues with him? If she refuses to have sex with him? If she burns the food? GOES OUT YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 NEGL. CHILDREN YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 ARGUES YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 REFUSES SEX YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 BURNS FOOD YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DVABURNFOODMN (MV744E) indicates whether the male respondent believes a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she burns the food. IPUMS Man circumcised Man circumcised Man circumcised Man circumcised Man circumcised 801. Some men are circumcised. Are you circumcised? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 805) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 805) No 1 Yes 8 Don't know 9 Missing MCIRC (MV483) indicates whether the man had been circumcised. IPUMS Current tobacco use: Cigarettes Current tobacco use: Cigarettes Current tobacco use: Cigarettes Current tobacco use: Cigarettes Current tobacco use: Cigarettes 810. Do you currently smoke cigarettes? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 812) No 1 Yes 8 Missing TOSMOKEMN (MV463A) indicates whether the man smokes cigarettes. IPUMS Current tobacco use: Pipe Current tobacco use: Pipe Current tobacco use: Pipe Current tobacco use: Pipe Current tobacco use: Pipe 813. What (other) type of tobacco do you currently smoke or use? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PIPE A CHEWING TOBACCO B SNUFF C OTHER (OTHER) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing TOPIPEMN (MV463B) indicates whether the man smokes a pipe. IPUMS Current tobacco use: Chewing tobacco Current tobacco use: Chewing tobacco Current tobacco use: Chewing tobacco Current tobacco use: Chewing tobacco Current tobacco use: Chewing tobacco 813. What (other) type of tobacco do you currently smoke or use? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PIPE A CHEWING TOBACCO B SNUFF C OTHER (OTHER) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing TOCHEWMN (MV463C) indicates whether the man chews tobacco. IPUMS Current tobacco use: Snuff Current tobacco use: Snuff Current tobacco use: Snuff Current tobacco use: Snuff Current tobacco use: Snuff 813. What (other) type of tobacco do you currently smoke or use? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PIPE A CHEWING TOBACCO B SNUFF C OTHER (OTHER) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing TOSNUFFMN (MV463D) indicates whether the man uses snuff. IPUMS Current tobacco use: Other Current tobacco use: Other Current tobacco use: Other Current tobacco use: Other Current tobacco use: Other 813. What (other) type of tobacco do you currently smoke or use? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PIPE A CHEWING TOBACCO B SNUFF C OTHER (OTHER) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing TOUSEOTHMN (MV463X) indicates whether the man uses some other type of tobacco. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. IPUMS Current tobacco use: Does not smoke Current tobacco use: Does not smoke Current tobacco use: Does not smoke Current tobacco use: Does not smoke Current tobacco use: Does not smoke 813. What (other) type of tobacco do you currently smoke or use? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PIPE A CHEWING TOBACCO B SNUFF C OTHER (OTHER) ______ X No 1 Yes, smokes nothing 8 Missing TONOSMOKEMN (MV463Z) indicates whether the man does not smoke cigarettes or use any other form of tobacco. IPUMS Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours 811. In the last 24 hours, how many cigarettes did you smoke? CIGARETTES ______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who smoke cigarettes, TOCIGDAYNOMN (MV464) reports the number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24 hours. IPUMS Number of injections in last 12 months Number of injections in last 12 months Number of injections in last 12 months Number of injections in last 12 months Number of injections in last 12 months 806. Now I would like to ask you some other questions relating to health matters. Have you had an injection for any reason in the last 12 months? IF YES: How many injections have you had? IF NUMBER OF INJECTIONS IS GREATER THAN 90, OR DAILY FOR 3 MONTHS OR MORE, RECORD '90'. IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. NUMBER OF INJECTIONS ______ NONE 00 (GO TO 810) 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 95 Every day 97 Don't know 98 Missing INJRECENTNOMN (MV477) reports how many injections, for any reason, the man received in the 2 to 12 months preceding the survey. IPUMS Number of injections administered by a health worker Number of injections administered by a health worker Number of injections administered by a health worker Number of injections administered by a health worker Number of injections administered by a health worker 807. Among these injections, how many were administered by a doctor, a nurse, a pharmacist, a dentist, or any other health worker? IF NUMBER OF INJECTIONS IS GREATER THAN 90, OR DAILY FOR 3 MONTHS OR MORE, RECORD '90'. IF NON-NUMERIC ANSWER, PROBE TO GET AN ESTIMATE. NUMBER OF INJECTIONS ______ NONE 00 (GO TO 810) 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who received any injections in the year preceding the survey, INJHCWORKERMN (MV478) reports the number of injections that were provided by a healthcare worker (including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentists or any other professional health worker). IPUMS Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance Covered by health insurance 814. Are you covered by any health insurance? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 820) No 1 Yes 8 Missing INSCOVERYNMN (MV481) indicates whether the man is covered by health insurance. IPUMS Health insurance type: Mutual/community organization Health insurance type: Mutual/community organization Health insurance type: Mutual/community organization Health insurance type: Mutual/community organization Health insurance type: Mutual/community organization 815. What type of health insurance? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. MUTUAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION/COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH INSURANCE A HEALTH INSURANCE THROUGH EMPLOYER B SOCIAL SECURITY C OTHER PRIVATELY PURCHASED COMMERCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE D OTHER (SPECIFY) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing INSORGMN (MV481A) indicates whether the man is covered by health insurance through a mutual health organization (MHO) or community-based health insurance. IPUMS Health insurance type: Through employer Health insurance type: Through employer Health insurance type: Through employer Health insurance type: Through employer Health insurance type: Through employer 815. What type of health insurance? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. MUTUAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION/COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH INSURANCE A HEALTH INSURANCE THROUGH EMPLOYER B SOCIAL SECURITY C OTHER PRIVATELY PURCHASED COMMERCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE D OTHER (SPECIFY) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing INSEMPLOYERMN (MV481B) indicates whether the man is covered by health insurance through an employer. IPUMS Health insurance type: Government/social security Health insurance type: Government/social security Health insurance type: Government/social security Health insurance type: Government/social security Health insurance type: Government/social security 815. What type of health insurance? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. MUTUAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION/COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH INSURANCE A HEALTH INSURANCE THROUGH EMPLOYER B SOCIAL SECURITY C OTHER PRIVATELY PURCHASED COMMERCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE D OTHER (SPECIFY) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing INSSOCSMN (MV481C) indicates whether the man is covered by health insurance through Social Security or another government program. IPUMS Health insurance type: Private/commercially purchased Health insurance type: Private/commercially purchased Health insurance type: Private/commercially purchased Health insurance type: Private/commercially purchased Health insurance type: Private/commercially purchased 815. What type of health insurance? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. MUTUAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION/COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH INSURANCE A HEALTH INSURANCE THROUGH EMPLOYER B SOCIAL SECURITY C OTHER PRIVATELY PURCHASED COMMERCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE D OTHER (SPECIFY) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing INSPRIVATEMN (MV481D) indicates whether the man is covered by health insurance through a private/commercially purchased health insurance provider. IPUMS Health insurance type: Other Health insurance type: Other Health insurance type: Other Health insurance type: Other Health insurance type: Other 815. What type of health insurance? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. MUTUAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION/COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH INSURANCE A HEALTH INSURANCE THROUGH EMPLOYER B SOCIAL SECURITY C OTHER PRIVATELY PURCHASED COMMERCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE D OTHER (SPECIFY) ______ X No 1 Yes 8 Missing INSOTHERMN (MV481X) indicates whether the man is covered by health insurance from some other source. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific categories included in a given sample. IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series 1 NDVI available NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) consists of a set of 72 variables. These variables report the maximum NDVI value within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. NDVI is a numeric, normalized index that measures live greenness in an area and can be used as a proxy for vegetation. Hypothetically, NDVI values can range from -1.0 to 1.0. The IPUMS-DHS NDVI metric captures the maximum value of NDVI within the 10-kilometer buffer area (i.e., which pixel in the buffer has the maximum NDVI value for a given month), so the values in IPUMS-DHS for NDVI range from 0 to 1. By adding NDVI to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_01 is the maximum NDVI in the month before the survey start date; NDVI_60 is the maximum NDVI in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (NDVI_00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_A01 is the maximum NDVI in the month following the month of the survey start date) The source data for NDVI come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [URL omitted from DDI.]) dataset, which covers the period February 2000 to October 2018. Only IPUMS-DHS samples whose data collection period overlapped with February 2000 or later are included in the NDVI variable (e.g., Bangladesh 2000). Note, however, that a sample fielded beginning in February 2000 would have non-missing NDVI values for the survey start month and the 11 following months, but would have only missing data values for the 60 months preceding the survey start date. Researchers who need NDVI values for the full 5 years preceding the survey start--for example, to relate to health outcomes for children under age 5--should restrict their analysis to samples fielded from February 2005 forward. NDVI, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series 1 BATTLES available BATTLES consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which battles occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding BATTLES to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (BATTLES_1997 to BATTLES_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for BATTLES are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. According to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], data on BATTLES include: Battles with no change in territory (a battle between two violent armed groups where control of the contested location does not change); Battles in which a non-state actor overtakes territory (a battle where non-state actors win control of a location); Battles in which the government regains territory (a battle in which the government regains control of a location). Users should be aware that all three kinds of battles are included in the variable BATTLES. Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable BATTLES. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. BATTLES, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series 1 RIOTS available RIOTS consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which riots or protests occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding RIOTS to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (RIOTS_1997 to RIOTS_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for RIOTS are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The RIOTS variable counts incidents of organized demonstrations (against political entities, businesses, or private institutions) involving non-violent protestors or rioters (demonstrators employing violence), as well as spontaneous acts of violence by disorganized groups (targeting property or clashing with other groups or security institutions). Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable RIOTS. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. RIOTS, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series 1 CIV_VIOLENCE available CIV_VIOLENCE consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which violence against civilians occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding CIV_VIOLENCE to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (CIV_VIOLENCE_1997 to CIV_VIOLENCE_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for CIV_VIOLENCE are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) defines violence against civilians as deliberate acts perpetrated by an organized political group (such as rebel, militia, or government forces) against unarmed non-combatants who are unable to defend themselves or engage in violence. Such conflicts harm or kill civilians, through events resulting in significant harm (e.g., bombing, shooting, torture, rape, mutilation) or accosting victims (kidnapping and disappearances); however, no fatalities are required for inclusion of the event. Events in which only property damage occurs or people are relocated without physical harm do not count as incidents of violence against civilians. ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable CIV_VIOLENCE. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on their procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. CIV_VIOLENCE, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series 1 MALARIA available MALARIA consists of a set of 16 separate variables, covering each year from 2000 to 2015. The variables report, by year, the mean clinical Plasmodium falciparium malaria cases (across all ages) per person within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Alternatively, this statistic can be summarized as the mean clinical plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR), expressed as fractions of a case per person. MALARIA is available for a subset of the IPUMS-DHS samples with GPS data; see Comparability. By adding MALARIA to your data cart, you are in effect adding 16 separate variables (MALARIA_2000 to MALARIA_2015), one variable for each year. MALARIA, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSUHH (HV021) indicates the primary sampling unit for household members. This variable should be used along with the variable DOMAINHH (HV023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe the primary sampling unit as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSUHH (HV021) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata STRATAHH (HV022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. The STRATAHH variable is not the same as DOMAINHH (HV023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATAHH along with the variable PSUHH (HV021) to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on estimates of variance and standard errors. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATAHH (HV022) is a 3-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain DOMAINHH (HV023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAINHH as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When representative estimates are desired, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAINHH (HV023) and PSUHH (HV021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., HHWEIGHT (HV005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for the DHS Program's sample design. In most countries, DOMAINHH defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUMALL (HV002) is the number identifying the household within the cluster or sample point. In some cases, this variable may be the combination of the dwelling number and the household number within the dwelling. To uniquely identify households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUMALL with CLUSTERNOALL (HV001). HHNUMALL is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNOALL (HV001) reports the cluster number for the household member's de facto residence. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNOALL is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. CLUSTERNOALL should be used along with the variable STRATAHH (HV022) to account for the impact of sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNOALL (HV001) and HHNUMALL (HV002) can be used to merge the household member recode file to the women's individual recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNOALL is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit ULTAREAUNITALL (HV004) is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units used in the collection of data. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNOALL (HV001)], but it may be a sequentially-numbered variable for samples with a more complicated sampling structure. ULTAREAUNITALL can be used to account for the effects of sampling design clustering on variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNITALL (HV004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Line number in household Line number in household Line number in household Line number in household Line number in household (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHLINENO (HVIDX) reports the line number of the household member in the household schedule. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Household sample weight (6 decimals) Household sample weight (6 decimals) Household sample weight (6 decimals) Household sample weight (6 decimals) Household sample weight (6 decimals) HHWEIGHT (HV005) is an 8-digit numeric variable, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population, when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Population factor weight Population factor weight Population factor weight Population factor weight Population factor weight POPWT is a population adjustment factor created by IPUMS to generate count estimates of household members for samples that are nationally representative. See our documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about how POPWT was created. IPUMS Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 99 NIU (not in universe) ELIGFEMNO (HV010) reports the number of women in the household who are eligible for the individual survey (for women of childbearing age). The selection criteria for eligibility are usually women age 15 to 49. In some countries, the selection criteria are further restricted to ever-married women. IPUMS Eligibility for female interview Eligibility for female interview Eligibility for female interview Eligibility for female interview Eligibility for female interview (9) ELIGIBILITY: CIRCLE LINE NUMBER OF ALL WOMEN AGE 15-49 Not eligible 1 Eligible 9 NIU (not in universe) ELIGFEMINT (HV117) indicates whether the household member is eligible for the individual women's survey (i.e., those who could be part of the individual recode [IR] file). According to the DHS recode manuals: In most surveys, both de facto and non-de facto women are interviewed; however, women are included in the individual recode only if they were eligible for the interview and were de facto members of the household. (A few surveys use a de jure sample, and the above selection does not apply in those countries.) IPUMS Number of eligible men in household Number of eligible men in household Number of eligible men in household Number of eligible men in household Number of eligible men in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 ELIGMALNO (HV011) reports the number of men in the household who are eligible for the men's or husband's survey. The selection criteria for eligibility are country-specific. IPUMS Eligible for men's survey Eligible for men's survey Eligible for men's survey Eligible for men's survey Eligible for men's survey (10) ELIGIBILITY: CIRCLE LINE NUMBER OF ALL MEN AGE 15-49 Not eligible 1 Eligible 9 NIU (not in universe) ELIGMALEINT (HV118) indicates whether the household member is eligible for the individual men's survey. IPUMS Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) 00000000 HHMWEIGHT (HV028) is an 8-digit numeric variable, which should be used as a weighting factor for the subset of households that were randomly selected for the men's or husband's survey. HHMWEIGHT should be used to weight all estimates produced using the households selected for the men's or husband's survey. For households not included in the men's or husband's survey, HHMWEIGHT is set to zero. Note: For researchers using a flat data file (.dat), HHMWEIGHT contains 6 implied decimal places, and researchers should divide this variable by 1,000,000 before applying it as a weighting factor. For all other data formats, HHMWEIGHT has already been adjusted, and researchers do not need to make any changes before using this variable. IPUMS Total adults eligible for measurement Total adults eligible for measurement Total adults eligible for measurement Total adults eligible for measurement Total adults eligible for measurement 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 ADULTSMEASNO (HV041) reports the number of adults (women and men) in the household who are eligible for height and weight measurements. IPUMS Number of eligible children for height and weight Number of eligible children for height and weight Number of eligible children for height and weight Number of eligible children for height and weight Number of eligible children for height and weight (11) ELIGIBILITY: CIRCLE LINE NUMBER OF ALL CHILDREN UNDER AGE 5 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 ELIGKIDNO (HV035) reports the number of child household members under age 5 who are eligible for height and weight measurement. IPUMS Children eligibility for height/weight and hemoglobin Children eligibility for height/weight and hemoglobin Children eligibility for height/weight and hemoglobin Children eligibility for height/weight and hemoglobin Children eligibility for height/weight and hemoglobin (11) ELIGIBILITY: CIRCLE LINE NUMBER OF ALL CHILDREN UNDER AGE 5 00 Not eligible 10 Eligible 11 Eligible, child of interviewed mother 12 Eligible, de facto in household 99 NIU (not in universe) ELIGKIDHW (HV120) indicates whether the household member is eligible for the children's height, weight, and hemoglobin measurements. IPUMS Line number of the head of household Line number of the head of household Line number of the head of household Line number of the head of household Line number of the head of household (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 99 NIU (not in universe) HHEADLINENO (HV218) reports the line number of the head of the household. According to the DHS recode manual: This should always be 01; however, there are some households in certain surveys in which the head of household has not been listed as the first person in the household listing. To determine the proportion of households (rather than persons in households) with a given characteristic (e.g., the share of households with electricity), researchers should restrict the sample of household members to one representative per household. Such restriction can be done by selecting only persons with line number 01 in the household roster (using HHLINENO) or selecting only persons coded as head of household in HHRELATE). HHEADLINENO demonstrates that these two criteria usually but not always identify the same person as a representative of the household. IPUMS Household selected for hemoglobin Household selected for hemoglobin Household selected for hemoglobin Household selected for hemoglobin Household selected for hemoglobin Not selected 1 Selected HHEMOSELEC (HV042) indicates whether the household was selected for hemoglobin measurements of the household members. Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Low hemoglobin levels indicate the presence of anemia (which may be caused by inadequate nutrition or chronic disease). IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview 2018 2018 2017 2017 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 HHINTYR (HV007) reports the year the interview took place. The dates reported in HHINTYR are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December HHINTMO (HV006) reports the month when the interview took place, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 HHINTDAY (HV016) reports the day of the month on which the interview took place. HHINTDAY uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview HHINTCMC (HV008) reports the century month code for the date on which the interview took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in HHINTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. HHINTCMC (HV008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC minus 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC minus 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Number of visits by interviewer Number of visits by interviewer Number of visits by interviewer Number of visits by interviewer Number of visits by interviewer TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITS 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 VISITNO (HV017) reports the number of visits by an interviewer required to complete the interview. IPUMS Ever-married sample Ever-married sample Ever-married sample Ever-married sample Ever-married sample All woman sample 1 Ever-married sample EVMARHH (HV020) indicates whether the sample includes only ever-married women or includes all women of childbearing age. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey INTERVIEWER VISITS FIRST VISIT (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD VISITS) DATE INTERVIEWER NAME RESULT* INTERVIEWERIDHH (HV018) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the household survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status 1 Urban 2 Rural URBANHH (HV025) indicates whether the household member's de facto place of residence (i.e., where the person actually was at the time of the survey) was in an urban or rural location. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1991-2015 [integrated; GIS] 6 Lindi, Mtwara, and Ruvuma (South) 5 Iringa, Myeba, Nijombe, Katavi, and Rukwa (Southern Highlands) 4 Dodoma and Singida (Central) 3 Geita, Kagera, Kigoma, Mara, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Tabora (Lake) 2 Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara (Northern Highlands) 1 Dar Es Salaam, Morogoro, Pemba, Pwani, Tanga, Town West, and Zanzibar (Coastal) GEO_ TZ1991_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (zones) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1996, 1999, 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1996_2015, does not include the 1991 Tanzania sample and is harmonized for different geographic units (regions). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] Tanzania regions, 1996-2015 [integrated; GIS] 50 Pemba, Town West, and Zanzibar 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar Es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma GEO_ TZ1996_2015 reports the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 2004, 2010, and 2015 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An additional integrated variable, GEO_TZ1991_2015, includes the 1991 Tanzania sample and has less geographic detail (zones). An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] Tanzania regions, 2010 [GIS] 01 Dodoma 02 Arusha 03 Kilimanjaro 04 Tanga 05 Morogoro 06 Pwani 07 Dar Es Salaam 08 Lindi 09 Mtwara 10 Ruvuma 11 Iringa 12 Mbeya 13 Singida 14 Tabora 15 Rukwa 16 Kigoma 17 Shinyanga 18 Kagera 19 Mwanza 20 Mara 21 Manyara 51 Zanzibar North 52 Zanzibar South 53 Town West 54 Pemba North 55 Pemba South GEO_TZ2010 (V101_TZ2010) indicates the region of Tanzania where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 2010 Tanzania survey are equivalent to regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There are also integrated variables GEO_TZ1991_2015 and GEO_TZ1996_2015, that provide spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_TZ2010 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 DHS-IPUMS-I Tanzania regions, 1988 - 2015 55 Pemba South 54 Pemba North 53 Zanzibar town or west 52 Zanzibar South 51 Zanzibar North 20 Mara 19 Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu 16 Kigoma 15 Rukwa and Katavi 14 Tabora 13 Singida 12 Mbeya 11 Iringa and Njombe 10 Ruvuma 09 Mtwara 08 Lindi 07 Dar es Salaam 06 Pwani 05 Morogoro 04 Tanga 03 Kilimanjaro 02 Arusha and Manyara 01 Dodoma DHS_IPUMSI_ TZ provides geographic codes for Tanzania that match those in the DHS and IPUMS-International [URL omitted from DDI.] databases. This variable can be used to link contextual area data from IPUMS-DHS to IPUMS-International or vice versa. The codes in DHS_IPUMSI_TZ indicate the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated or surveyed. GIS shapefiles for Tanzania can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Sex of household member Sex of household member Sex of household member Sex of household member Sex of household member (4) SEX Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 8 Missing SEX (HV104) reports the sex of the household member, as given by the respondent for the household questionnaire. IPUMS Age of household member Age of household member Age of household member Age of household member Age of household member (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing HHAGE (HV105) reports the household member's age, as given by the respondent for the household questionnaire. IPUMS Corrected age from individual file Corrected age from individual file Corrected age from individual file Corrected age from individual file Corrected age from individual file 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEIND (HML16) reports the household member's age as reported in the individual questionnaire (for women of childbearing age) or the men's questionnaire. Reporting of one's own age or one's young children's ages is presumably more accurate than the age reporting for all household members done by the respondent for the household survey (whose results are given in HHAGE (HV105)). IPUMS Flag for age from individual data Flag for age from individual data Flag for age from individual data Flag for age from individual data Flag for age from individual data No data from individual questionnaire 1 Month and year 2 Month and age, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year, age and moth imputed 6 Age - year and month imputed 7 Month - age and year imputed 8 None - all imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) AGEFLAGIND (HML17) reports the completeness of the information about the household member's age, as collected on the individual, rather than household, questionnaire. Code 1 indicates that complete information was reported, and no imputation was required. Code 0 indicates that no information on the household member's age was available from an individual questionnaire (for example, for women past childbearing age). The complementary variable AGEIND (HML16) reports the age of the person, based on information collected through the individual questionnaire. The related variable HHAGE (HV105) reports age for all household members (including those not covered by an individual or men's questionnaire), as given by the respondent to the household survey. IPUMS Pregnancy status from individual file Pregnancy status from individual file Pregnancy status from individual file Pregnancy status from individual file Pregnancy status from individual file Not pregnant, don't know 1 Pregnant 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGNANTIND (HML18) indicates whether, according to the individual questionnaire, the household member is currently pregnant. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor (5) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) usually live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing HHRESIDENT (HV102) indicates whether the household member is a usual resident of the household or is just visiting. As defined by the HHRESIDENT variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place, but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Slept last night in HH Slept last night in HH Slept last night in HH Slept last night in HH Slept last night in HH (6) RESIDENCE: Did (NAME) stay here last night? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing HHSLEPT (HV103) indicates whether the household member is a de facto member of the household, in terms of whether the individual slept in the household the previous night. IPUMS Relationship to household head Relationship to household head Relationship to household head Relationship to household head Relationship to household head (3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the relationship of (NAME) to the head of the household? 01 = HEAD 02 = WIFE OR HUSBAND 03 = SON OR DAUGHTER 04 = SON-IN-LAW OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 05 = GRANDCHILD 06 = PARENT 07 = PARENT-IN-LAW 08 = BROTHER OR SISTER 09 = CO-WIFE 10 = OTHER RELATIVE 11 = ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEPCHILD 12 = NOT RELATED 98 = DON'T KNOW 42 Herdboy 14 Stepson/daughter 41 Domestic servant 01 Head 02 Wife or husband 03 Son/daughter 04 Son/daughter-in-law 05 Grandchild 06 Parent 07 Parent-in-law 08 Brother/sister 09 Co-spouse 10 Adopted/foster child 11 Brother/sister-in-law 12 Grandparent 13 Aunt/uncle 20 Niece/nephew 21 Niece/nephew by blood 22 Niece/nephew by marriage 30 Other relative 40 Not related 97 Don't know 98 Missing HHRELATE (HV101) reports the household member's relationship to the head of the household/householder. IPUMS Has a birth certificate Has a birth certificate Has a birth certificate Has a birth certificate Has a birth certificate (19) BIRTH REGISTRATION IF 0-4 YEARS: Does (NAME) have a birth certificate? IF NO, PROBE: Has (NAME'S) birth ever been registered with the civil authority? HAS CERTIFICATE 1 REGISTERED 2 NEITHER 3 DON'T KNOW 8 13 Has hospital card only 12 Registered 11 Has certificate 10 Either has certificate or registered birth 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 00 Neither certificate nor registered HHBIRTHCERT (HV140) indicates whether the household member's birth is registered or whether the person has a birth certificate. IPUMS Mother alive Mother alive Mother alive Mother alive Mother alive SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PARENTS IF AGE 0-17 YEARS (12) Is (NAME)'s natural mother alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 14) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 14) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For household members under a cut-off age (varying across samples), MOTHERALIVE (HV111) indicates whether the person's mother is still alive. IPUMS Mother's line number Mother's line number Mother's line number Mother's line number Mother's line number (13) Does (NAME)'s natural mother usually live in this household or was she a guest last night? IF YES: What is her name? RECORD MOTHER'S LINE NUMBER IF NO: RECORD '00'. LINE NUMBER_____________ 00 Mother not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under a cut-off age (varying across samples), MOTHERLINENO (HV112) reports the household line number of the person's (co-resident) mother. A code of zero indicates the mother does not live in the same household as the child. IPUMS Father alive Father alive Father alive Father alive Father alive (14) Is (NAME)'s natural father alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 16) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 16) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For household members under a cut-off age (varying across samples), FATHERALIVE (HV113) indicates whether the person's father is still alive. IPUMS Father's line number Father's line number Father's line number Father's line number Father's line number (15) Does (NAME)'s natural father usually live in this household or was he a guest last night? IF YES: What is his name? RECORD FATHER'S LINE NUMBER. IF NO: RECORD '00'. LINE NUMBER_____________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under a specified age (varying across samples), FATHERLINENO (HV114) reports the household line number of the person's (co-resident) father. A code of zero indicates the father does not live in the same household as the child. IPUMS Current marital status Current marital status Current marital status Current marital status Current marital status (8) MARITAL STATUS IF AGE 15 OR OLDER: What is (NAME'S) current marital status? 1 = MARRIED OR LIVING TOGETHER 2 = DIVORCED/SEPARATED 3 = WIDOWED 4 = NEVERM ARRIED AND NEVER LIVED TOGETHER 100 Never married/lived together 110 Unconsummated marriage 200 Married or living together 210 Married 220 Living together 300 Formerly married/lived together 310 Widowed 320 Divorced/separated 321 Divorced 322 Separated/not living together 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) HHMARSTAT (HV115) reports the household member's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys, as does the age range covered by this variable. See Comparability. IPUMS Currently, formerly, never married Currently, formerly, never married Currently, formerly, never married Currently, formerly, never married Currently, formerly, never married 00 Never married 10 Ever married 11 Currently married 12 Formerly married 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HHCURRMARR (HV116) reports the household member's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes household members who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes household members who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes household members who are widowed, divorced, separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. In samples where the only question asked relates to whether the household member has ever been married (not cohabiting), the responses are coded "10" for "Ever-married" and "0" for "Never married." IPUMS Number of household members Number of household members Number of household members Number of household members Number of household members 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMBERS (HV009) reports the number of household members in the household. IPUMS Number of de jure members Number of de jure members Number of de jure members Number of de jure members Number of de jure members 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 DEJURENO (HV012) reports the total number of de jure household members, or the number of household members who usually live in the household (i.e., excluding visitors). IPUMS Number of de facto members Number of de facto members Number of de facto members Number of de facto members Number of de facto members 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 DEFACTONO (HV013) reports the total number of de facto household members, or the number of household members who slept in the household the previous night, including visitors. IPUMS Number of children 5 and under (de jure) Number of children 5 and under (de jure) Number of children 5 and under (de jure) Number of children 5 and under (de jure) Number of children 5 and under (de jure) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 KIDLT5NO (HV014) reports the number of children under age 5 in the household (de jure). IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) (4) SEX Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 110. How many rooms in your household are used for sleeping? (INCLUDING ROOMS OUTSIDE THE MAIN DWELLING) ROOMS _______ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling Main material of outside walls of dwelling 108. WALL MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS 01 POLES AND MUD 02 SUN-DRIED BRICKS 03 BAKED BRICKS 04 WOOD, TIMBER 05 CEMENT BLOCKS 06 STONES 07 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 376 Metal, unspecified 375 Corrugated asbestos 374 Iron or zinc sheets 292 Unburnt brick with cement 127 Animal dung 126 Hay with mud 241 Trunks with mud 000 No walls 100 NATURAL 110 Cane/palm/trunks/grass/sticks 111 Cane/palm/trunks 112 Cane/trunks 113 Cane/trunks/bamboo/reeds 114 Palm branches 115 Sticks 116 Shells 120 Earth/mud/dirt/dung 121 Unbaked brick, mud, or earth 122 Earth 123 Mud 124 Mud, dung 125 Dirt 130 Thatch/mat/leaves/straw/reeds 131 Grass 132 Thatch or straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Bamboo with mud 211 Bamboo/wood with mud 212 Bamboo 220 Stone with mud 230 Rough wood 231 Plywood 232 Reused wood 233 Timber 234 Wood/metal planks 240 Poles and mud 250 Tin/cardboard/paper/bags 251 Cardboard 252 Carton 260 Uncovered adobe 270 Corrugated metal 280 Canvas/tent 300 FINISHED 310 Cement/concrete 311 Semi-dur (cement and sand blocks) 320 Bricks 321 Finished/burnt bricks 322 Burnt bricks with mud 323 Burnt bricks with cement 324 Sundried bricks 330 Cement blocks 340 Wood planks/shingles 341 Wood and grass 350 Stone 351 Stone with lime/cement 360 Covered adobe 370 Other finished 371 Metal or asbestos sheets 400 OTHER 998 Missing 996 Non-resident 290 Unburnt bricks 373 T-iron/wood/brick 372 Tin 377 Prefab 291 Unburnt brick and plaster 999 NIU (not in universe) WALL (HV214) reports the main material of the outside walls of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 107. MAIN MATERIAL OF THE FLOOR RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. EARTH, SAND, DUNG 11 WOOD PLANKS, BAMBOO, PALM 21 PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL OR ASPHALT STRIPS 32 CERAMIC TILES, TERRAZZO 33 CEMENT 34 CARPET 35 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 109. ROOFING MATERIAL RECORD OBSERVATION. MARK ONLY ONE. GRASS / THATCH / MUD 01 IRON SHEETS 02 TILES . 03 CONCRETE 04 ASBESTOS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH Main source of lighting in HH 106. What is the main source of energy for lighting in the household? ELECTRICITY 01 BOTTLED GAS 02 PARAFFIN / KEROSENE 03 CHARCOAL 04 FIREWOOD 05 CROP RESIDUALS, STRAW, GRASS 06 ANIMAL DUNG 07 NO FOOD COOKED IN HOUSEHOLD 95 OTHER (SPECIFY) _______________ 96 96 Non-resident 75 Generator 74 Battery/solar flashlight or lamp 10 Electricity 20 Kerosene lamp 21 Kerosene lamps with glass shades 22 Kerosene/oil lamps without glass shades 23 Paraffin/hurricane lamp 24 Paraffin/pressure lamp 25 Paraffin wick lamp 30 Gas 31 Natural gas or LPG (liquified petroleum) 40 Oil 50 Wood-based 51 Charcoal 52 Firewood 53 Firewood, straw 60 Candles 70 Other, specified 71 Biogas 72 Solar 73 Dung 80 Other, unspecified 98 Missing 76 No light 11 Government electric 12 Coop electric 13 Private electric 41 Oil lamp or candles LIGHTSOURCE reports the main source of lighting in the household. The information in LIGHTSOURCE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking Type of fuel household uses for cooking 105. What type of fuel does your household mainly use for cooking? ELECTRICITY 01 SOLAR 02 GAS 03 PARAFFIN-HURRICANE LAMP 04 PARAFFIN-PRESSURE LAMP 05 PARAFFIN-WICK LAMP 06 FIREWOOD 07 CANDLES 08 OTHER (SPECIFY) _____________________ 96 995 No food cooked in house 100 Electricity 200 Petroleum-based 210 Gasoline 220 LPG, natural gas 221 LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) 222 Natural gas 230 Bottled gas (butane or propane) 240 Kerosene 300 Biogas 400 Coal-based 410 Coal, lignite 411 Coal, coke, lignite 500 Wood- or grass-based 510 Wood 520 Charcoal 530 Firewood, straw 540 Straw, shrub, grass 600 Dung 700 Agricultural crop-based 710 Crop residues 720 Maize or other crop waste 800 Other 996 Non-resident 998 Missing 801 Jelly 802 Solar 804 Improved smokeless cook stove 999 NIU (not in universe) 803 Cardboard/paper COOKFUEL (HV226) reports the type of fuel the woman's household used for cooking. Response categories vary across surveys; see Comparability. The information in COOKFUEL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used Type of cooking oil mainly used 127. What kind of oil was it? SIMSIM/SESAME 01 GROUNT NUT 02 SUNFLOWER 03 COCONUT 04 RED PALM 05 COTTONSEED 06 COW FAT 07 GHEE 08 OTHER FAT (SPECIFY) _______96 99 NIU (Not in universe) 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 53 Ghee 52 Butter or margarine 51 Lard or suet 50 Other 40 Shea butter 35 Cottonseed oil 34 Sunflower oil 33 Coconut oil 32 Sesame oil 31 Peanut/ground nut oil 30 Other vegetable oil 20 Frytol/fortified vegetable oil 12 Yellow palm oil 11 Red palm oil 10 Palm oil COOKOILTYPE reports the type of oil the household used for cooking, either typically or within a recent reference period, such as the last seven days. The response "shea butter" refers to a fat extracted from the nut of the African shea tree. "Frytol" is the commercial brand name of a vegetable oil product used for deep frying. The information in COOKOILTYPE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers Distance to nearest market, in kilometers 115. How far is it to the nearest market place? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) KILOMETRES _________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MARKETKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest market, in kilometers. The information in MARKETKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 102. What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEWER SYSTEM 11 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIPED SEPTIC TANK 12 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO PIT LATRINE 13 FLUSH/ POUR FLUSH TO ELSEWHERE 14 PIT LATRINE VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT LATRINE (VIP) 21 PIT LATRINE WITH SLAB 22 PIT LATRINE WITHOUT SLAB/OPEN PIT 23 COMPOSTING TOILET/ECOSAN 31 BUCKET 41 NO FACILITY/BUSH/FIELD 51 (GO TO 104) OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________________ 96 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility Household shares toilet facility 103. Do you share this toilet facility with other households? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 104) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TOILETSHAREYN (HV225) indicates whether the household has a toilet facility that is shared with at least one other household. A "no" response (code "0") indicates the household has a toilet that is not shared; a "yes" response (code "1") indicates the household shares a toilet facility; "not in universe" (code "9") means the household has no toilet facility. The information in TOILETSHAREYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded Number of other households sharing hh's toilet, topcoded 103A. How many households share this toilet facility? NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS IF LESS THAN 10 _________ 10 OR MORE HOUSEHOLDS 95 DON'T KNOW 98 96 Non-resident 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For residents of households with shared toilet facilities, TOILSHARNUMT (HV238) reports the number of other households sharing their toilet, topcoded at 9 or more other households. Thus, in IPUMS-DHS, a value of 1 in TOILSHARNUMT means that 1 other household is using the household's toilet, for a total of 2 households using that facility. The information in TOILSHARNUMT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 101. What is the main source of drinking water for members of your household? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO DWELLING 11 PIPED INTO YARD/PLOT 12 PUBLIC TAP 13 NEIGHBOUR'S TAP 14 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM OPEN WELL OPEN WELL IN DWELLING 21 (GO TO 101B) OPEN WELL IN YARD/PLOT 22 (GO TO 101B) OPEN PUBLIC WELL 23 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S OPEN WELL 24 (GO TO 101B) WATER FROM COVERED WELL OR BOREHOLE PROTECTED WELL IN DWELLING 31 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED WELL IN YARD/PLOT 32 (GO TO 101B) PROTECTED PUBLIC WELL 33 (GO TO 101B) NEIGHBOUR'S BOREHOLE 34 (GO TO 101B) SURFACE WATER SPRING 41 (GO TO 101B) RIVER/STREAM 42 (GO TO 101B) POND/LAKE 43 (GO TO 101B) DAM 44 (GO TO 101B) RAINWATER 51 (GO TO 101B) TANKER TRUCK 61 (GO TO 101B) WATER VENDOR 71 (GO TO 101B) BOTTLED WATER 81 (GO TO 101B) OTHER (SPECIFY) ________________________ 96 (GO TO 101B) 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 101B. How long does it take you to go there, get water, and come back including waiting time? MINUTES ________ ON PREMISES 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water Source providing drinking water 101A. Who is providing water at your main source? AUTHORITY 1 CBO/NGO 2 PRIVATE OPERATOR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Government 20 Private source 21 NGO 22 Private operator 30 Obtained for free 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WTRPROVIDER reports the entity supplying (and paid for) the household's supply of drinking water. For most samples (see Comparability), the information in TOILETSHAREPRIV is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water Household uses any method to treat drinking water 101C. Do you do anything to the water to make it safer to drink? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 102) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 102) 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TREATWTRYN (HV237) indicates whether the household used any treatment to make water safer to drink. The information in TREATWTRYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine HH treats water by: Adding bleach/chlorine 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRBLEACH (HV237B) indicates whether the household added bleach or chlorine to make water safer to drink. The information in TRBLEACH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling HH treats water by: Boiling 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 12 Yes, some of the time 11 Yes, most of the time 00 No 96 Non-resident 10 Yes 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TRBOIL(HV237A) indicates whether the household boiled water to make it safer to drink. The information in TRBOIL is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth HH treats water by: Straining through cloth 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRCLOTH (HV237C) indicates whether the household strained water through cloth to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRCLOTH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters HH treats water by: Using water filters 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRFILTER (HV237D) indicates whether the household used a water filter to make water safer to drink. The information in TRFILTER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection HH treats water by: Solar disinfection 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSOLAR (HV237E) indicates whether the household used solar disinfection to make water safer to drink. The information in TRSOLAR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand HH treats water by: Letting it stand 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRSTAND (HV237F) indicates whether the household let water stand to settle impurities, to make the water safer to drink. The information in TRSTAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods HH treats water by: Other methods 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TROTHER (HV237X) indicates whether the household used some "other" treatment to make water safer to drink. The meaning of other depends on the specific water treatment methods enumerated in a given survey. The information in TROTHER is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know HH treats water by: Don't know 101D. What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. BOIL A ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE B STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH C USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMPOSITE/ETC.) D SOLAR DISINFECTION E LET IT STAND AND SETTLE F OTHER (SPECIFY) ___________ X DON'T KNOW Z 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TRDK (HV237Z) indicates whether the respondent did not know what treatment, if any, the household used to make water safer to drink. The information in TRDK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) House has telephone (household record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHPHONEHH (HV221) indicates whether any member of the household has a telephone (based on information from the household record). The information in HHPHONEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone HH has mobile phone 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing MOBPHONE indicates whether the household had a mobile/cellular telephone. The related variable HHPHONE indicates whether the household had a telephone, regardless of the type of phone, or had a non-mobile phone. The information in MOBPHONE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock HH has watch or clock 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WATCHCLOCK indicates whether the household has access to a timepiece, either a watch or a clock. The related variable CLOCKONLY indicates whether the household has a clock. See Comparability. The information in WATCHCLOCK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp HH has paraffin/kerosene lamp 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing PARALAMPYN indicates whether the household has a lamp that uses paraffin (kerosene) as fuel. The information in PARALAMPYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron HH has an iron 104. Does your household have: Electricity? A paraffin lamp? A radio? A television? A mobile telephone? A non-mobile telephone (land line)? An iron (charcoal or electric)? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 PARAFFIN LAMP YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 NON-MOBILE TELEPHONE YES 1 NO 2 IRON YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 6 Non-resident No 1 Yes 8 Missing IRONYN indicates whether the household has an iron. The information in IRONYN is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account HH has bank account 111. Does any member of your household own: A watch? A bicycle? A motorcycle or motor scooter? A car or truck? A bank account? WATCH YES 1 NO 2 BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 MOTORCYCLE/SCOOTER YES 1 NO 2 CAR/TRUCK YES 1 NO 2 BANK ACCOUNT YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing BANKACC (HV247) indicates whether any member of the household has a bank account. The information in BANKACC is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) HH owns land for agriculture (yes or no) 112. How many acres of land for farming or grazing does this household own? (PUT '0000.0' IF NONE AND 9999.8 IF DOESN'T KNOW) ACRES FOR FARMING ______.___ ACRES FOR GRAZING ______.___ No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) AGLANDYN (HV244) indicates whether any member of the household owned (or had use of) agricultural land. Question wording varies across samples; see Comparability. The information in AGLANDYN is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year Problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 1 Never 2 Seldom 3 Sometimes 4 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FOODPROBYR reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FOODPROBYR is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally Number of meals per day for HH, normally 116. Now I would like to ask you about the food your household eats? How many meals does your household usually have per day? MEALS ___________ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5+ 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 7 Don't know MEALSPERDAY reports the number of meals per day the members of the household have, either "usually" or during a recent reference period. The information in MEALSPERDAY is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2"). IPUMS Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year Frequency of problem meeting HH food needs, past year 119. How often in the last year did you have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household? NEVER 1 SELDOM 2 SOMETIMES 3 OFTEN 4 ALWAYS 5 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 5 Always 6 Non-resident 8 Missing FIPROBFQ reports how often the household had problems satisfying food needs in the last year (never, seldom, sometimes, often, or always). The information in FIPROBFQ is taken from the household record and applies to household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors (code "2") using: RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis; HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis; RESIDENTMN variable when men are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) Iodized salt in household (bridging variable) 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 96 Non-resident 10 Iodized salt in household 11 Packaged salt - iodized 20 Non-iodized salt in household 21 Packaged salt - noniodized 30 Salt not tested 31 Local salt 32 Loose salt 33 Salt for animals 34 Natron in block 35 Packaged salt - other 36 Other, n.e.c. 97 Doesn't cook 98 Missing/no salt available 99 NIU (not in universe) SALTBRIDGE serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on the presence of iodized salt in the household. Initially, respondents were asked, "What type of salt is usually used for cooking in your household?" Respondents were also asked to show their salt package to the interviewer. Beginning with Phase 4 of the standard DHS questionnaire, respondents were asked to provide the interviewer with a teaspoon of cooking salt, which the interviewer then tested. Iodine testing methods varied across phases and countries. SALTBRIDGE combines information from the first approach of asking about cooking salt (in SALTIODIZE (HV222)) and the second approach of testing the cooking salt for iodine (in SALTEST3 (HV234)). The information in SALTBRIDGE is taken from the household record, linked to the record of the woman respondent. This information applies to household residents, not temporary visitors, so researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT (V135) variable (with visitors coded "2"). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping Iodine level in HH salt, first grouping 141. ASK RESPONDENT FOR A TEASPOONFUL OF COOKING SALT. TEST SALT FOR IODINE. RECORD PPM (PARTS PER MILLION) 0 PPM (NO IODINE) 1 BELOW 15 PPM 2 15 PPM AND ABOVE 3 NO SALT IN HH 4 SALT NOT TESTED (SPECIFY REASON) __________ 6 997 Don't know 000 0 PPM 070 7 PPM 071 Less than 15 PPM 150 15 PPM or more 151 30 PPM 994 Salt not tested 995 No salt in household 996 Non-resident 998 Missing SALTEST1 (HV234) reports the iodine level in the household's cooking salt, using grouped values. The levels are grouped based on PPM (parts per million). Universal salt iodization is recommended (by the World Health Organization and UNICEF) to prevent and correct iodine deficiency disorders (including goiter, hypothyroidism, deaf-mutism, mental retardation, dwarfism, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities). However, unnecessarily high levels of iodine in salt may lead to occasional cases of hyperthyroidism. The information in SALTEST1 is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. The related variables SALTEST2 and SALTEST3 (HV234A) also report iodine levels in cooking salt, but with different groupings. IPUMS Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week Days fish eaten by HH, past week 118. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat fish? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing FISHHHWK reports how many days the household ate fish, in the past week. The information in FISHHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week Days meat eaten by HH, past week 117. In the past week, on how many days did the household eat meat? DAYS __________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing MEATHHWK reports how many days the household ate meat, in the past week. The information in MEATHHWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased Brand of maize flour purchased 125. What brand did you buy? SEMBA 1 DONA 2 NO BRAND SHOWN 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________6 DON'T KNOW 8 1 Semba 2 Dona 3 No brand shown 4 Other 6 Non-resident 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYBRAND reports the brand name of recently consumed maize flour that was purchased by the household. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYBRAND is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour Where bought maize flour 124. Where did you buy the maize flour? SHOP 1 MARKET 2 AT HAMMERMILL 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 1 Shop 2 Market 3 At hammermill 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZBUYWHERE reports where the household bought recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZBUYWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour Where got maize flour 123. Where did you get the maize flour? GROUND OWN MAIZE AT HOME 1 (GO TO 126) GROUND AT MAIZE MILL 2 (GO TO 126) BOUGHT FLOUR 3 OTHER (SPECIFY) ________ 6 (GO TO 126) 1 Ground own maize at home 2 Ground at maize mill 3 Bought flour 4 Other 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAIZGOTWHERE reports where the household obtained recently consumed maize flour. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZGOTWHERE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days HH prepared ugali with maize flour in past 7 days 122. Did anyone in the household prepare ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 126) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing MAIZUGALIWK indicates whether the household prepared ugali with maize flour in the past 7 days. Ugali is a starch dish, prepared from maize, millet, or sorghum, that is a staple food in much of Africa, eaten with a sauce or stew of vegetables or meat. This line of questioning was probably aimed at evaluating the frequency and effects of consuming of fortified maize flour. The information in MAIZUGALIWK is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping Household has bednet for sleeping 130. Does your household have any mosquito nets that can be used while sleeping? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 141) No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETHH (HV227) indicates whether the household has at least one mosquito bed net for use while household members are sleeping. The information in BEDNETHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH Number of mosquito nets owned by HH 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 99 NIU (not in universe) 96 Non-resident 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing BEDNETNUM (HML1) reports how many mosquito nets were owned by the household. Responses were topcoded at 7+ bednets. Because of topcoding, the number of reported bednets cannot be meaningfully compared to the number of household members. The information in BEDNETNUM is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night Children under 5 slept under bednet last night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ No 1 All children 2 Some children 6 No net in household 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) indicates whether any, some, or all of the children in the household under age five slept under a bed net the previous night. Apart from universe differences, BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) has no comparability problems. Comparability - Standard DHS BEDNETKIDLT5 (HV228) is included in Phase IV forward of the standard DHS questionnaire. IPUMS Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night Number of children under bednet previous night 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 96 Non-resident 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETKIDS (HML2) reports the number of children in the household who slept under a mosquito net the previous night. IPUMS Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information Number of mosquito nets with specific information 132. ASK RESPONDENT TO SHOW YOU THE NET(S). IF MORE THAN 6 NETS, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). OBSERVED 1 NOT OBSERVED 2 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDNETWINF (HML1A) reports the number of mosquito nets with specific information the household has. Specific information can be related to the type (permanent/long-lasting insecticide-treated or pretreated) or the brand of the net. IPUMS Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers Distance to nearest health facility, in kilometers 120. How far is it to the nearest health facility? (WRITE '00' IF LESS THAN ONE KILOMETRE) IF MORE THAN 95 KM, WRITE 95. KILOMETRES ________ 00 Less than 1 kilometer 01 1 kilometer 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Non-resident 97 Don't know 98 Missing HCAREKMAWAY reports the distance from the dwelling to the nearest health facility, in kilometers. The information in HCAREKMAWAY is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility Mode of transportation HH uses to reach health facility 121. If you were to go to (NAME OF HOSPITAL, HEALTH CENTRE, or HEALTH POST), how would you go there? CAR/MOTORCYCLE 1 PUBLIC TRANSPORT (BUS, TAXI) 2 ANIMAL/ANIMAL CART 3 WALKING 4 BICYCLE 5 OTHER 6 96 Non-resident 98 Missing 10 Motorized transport 11 Car/motorcycle 12 Car/bus/taxi 13 Public transport (bus, taxi) 14 Motorcycle/scooter 15 Public transport plus walking 20 Animal or animal cart 21 Animal (horse, donkey, mule) 22 Animal drawn cart 30 Bicyle 40 Walking 90 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) HCARETRANSPORT reports the type of transportation the household members use (or hypothetically would use) to reach the nearest health facility. The information in HCARETRANSPORT is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Household wealth index in quintiles, from HH form Household wealth index in quintiles, from HH form Household wealth index in quintiles, from HH form Household wealth index in quintiles, from HH form Household wealth index in quintiles, from HH form 1 Poorest 2 Poorer 3 Middle 4 Richer 5 Richest 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing WEALTHQHH (HV270) refers to the relative wealth of the household, divided into quintiles from the poorest (code 1) to the richest (code 5). The wealth index is defined in the DHS Recode Manuals as follows: The wealth index is a composite measure of a household's cumulative living standard. The wealth index is calculated using easy-to-use data on a household's ownership of selected assets, such as televisions and bicycles; materials used for housing construction; and types of water access and sanitation facilities. Generated with a statistical procedure known as principal components analysis, the wealth index places individual households on a continuous scale of relative wealth. DHS separates all interviewed households into five quintiles of wealth. For additional information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, users should consult the summary information about the wealth index on The DHS Program website here [URL omitted from DDI.] and/or the DHS Comparative Report on "The DHS Wealth Index" here [URL omitted from DDI.]. The variables used to calculate wealth index quintiles and the level of wealth implied by a specific ranking are sample-specific. See Comparability. IPUMS Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) Wealth index factor score (5 decimals) WEALTHSHH (HV271) refers to the household's wealth index value generated by the product of standardized scores (z-scores) and factor coefficient scores (factor loadings) of wealth indicators. Most researchers will want to use instead the complementary variable WEALTHQHH (HV270), which reports quintile ranking (from poorest to richest) of the household, in terms of wealth score, for a given sample. For additional information about the calculation and meaning of the wealth index, users should consult the summary information available on the DHS Program website, including The DHS Program - Research Topics - Wealth Index [URL omitted from DDI.] and The DHS Wealth Index [URL omitted from DDI.], a DHS Comparative Report. The variables used to calculate wealth index scores are sample-specific. See Comparability. WEALTHSHH (HV271) is an 8-digit numeric variable with 5 implied decimal places. 99999998 = Missing 99999999 = NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Highest education level attained Highest education level attained Highest education level attained Highest education level attained Highest education level attained (17) What is the highest level of school (NAME) has attended? SEE CODES BELOW. What is the highest grade (NAME) completed at that level? SEE CODES BELOW. LEVEL 00=PREPRIMARY 01 = PRIMARY 02=POST PRIMARY TRAINING 03= SECONDARY O-LEVEL 04= SECONDARY A-LEVEL 05=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING 'O' LEVEL 06=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING'A' LEVEL 07=UNIVERSITY 98= DON'T KNOW GRADE 00=LESS THAN 1 YEAR COMPLETED 98 = DON'T KNOW No education/primary 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EDLEVEL (HV106) reports the highest level of school the household member attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. Any household member below the lower age limit (usually 6 years) for the education questions is classified in the "No education" category. IPUMS Highest year of education completed in level Highest year of education completed in level Highest year of education completed in level Highest year of education completed in level Highest year of education completed in level (17) What is the highest level of school (NAME) has attended? SEE CODES BELOW. What is the highest grade (NAME) completed at that level? SEE CODES BELOW. LEVEL 00=PREPRIMARY 01 = PRIMARY 02=POST PRIMARY TRAINING 03= SECONDARY O-LEVEL 04= SECONDARY A-LEVEL 05=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING 'O' LEVEL 06=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING'A' LEVEL 07=UNIVERSITY 98= DON'T KNOW GRADE 00=LESS THAN 1 YEAR COMPLETED 98 = DON'T KNOW 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 90 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) EDLEVYR (HV107) reports the number of years of schooling completed by the household member at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in EDLEVEL (HV106). See Comparability for more information on how to correctly interpret values in EDLEVYR. For the household member's total years of education, see EDYEARS (HV108). IPUMS Education in completed years Education in completed years Education in completed years Education in completed years Education in completed years (17) What is the highest level of school (NAME) has attended? SEE CODES BELOW. What is the highest grade (NAME) completed at that level? SEE CODES BELOW. LEVEL 00=PREPRIMARY 01 = PRIMARY 02=POST PRIMARY TRAINING 03= SECONDARY O-LEVEL 04= SECONDARY A-LEVEL 05=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING 'O' LEVEL 06=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING'A' LEVEL 07=UNIVERSITY 98= DON'T KNOW GRADE 00=LESS THAN 1 YEAR COMPLETED 98 = DON'T KNOW 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 90 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) EDYEARS (HV108) reports the household member's education in single completed years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDLEVEL (HV106) and EDLEVYR (HV107), as follows: If EDLEVEL = "No education," EDYEARS = "0" If EDLEVEL = "Primary," EDYEARS = EDLEVYR If EDLEVEL = "Secondary," EDYEARS = EDLEVYR + x If EDLEVEL = "Higher," EDYEARS = EDLEVYR + y If EDLEVEL = "Missing," EDYEARS = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Educational attainment Educational attainment Educational attainment Educational attainment Educational attainment (17) What is the highest level of school (NAME) has attended? SEE CODES BELOW. What is the highest grade (NAME) completed at that level? SEE CODES BELOW. LEVEL 00=PREPRIMARY 01 = PRIMARY 02=POST PRIMARY TRAINING 03= SECONDARY O-LEVEL 04= SECONDARY A-LEVEL 05=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING 'O' LEVEL 06=POST-SECONDARY TRAINING'A' LEVEL 07=UNIVERSITY 98= DON'T KNOW GRADE 00=LESS THAN 1 YEAR COMPLETED 98 = DON'T KNOW No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing EDSUMM (HV109) is a summary variable that reports the household member's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDSUMM is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. EDSUMM is constructed from information contained in EDLEVEL (HV106) and EDLEVYR (HV107). IPUMS Member still in school Member still in school Member still in school Member still in school Member still in school (18) CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-24 YEARS: Is (NAME) currently attending school? YES 1 NO 2 (NEXT LINE) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EDINSCHOOL (HV110) indicates whether the household member is still in school. All members whose age is equal to or greater than the upper limit (usually age 25) for this question or who have never attended school are coded "0" for ("No," or not in school). IPUMS Member attended school during current school year Member attended school during current school year Member attended school during current school year Member attended school during current school year Member attended school during current school year (18) CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-24 YEARS: Is (NAME) currently attending school? YES 1 NO 2 (NEXT LINE) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, currently attending 12 Yes, ever attended during current school year 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SCHOOLNOW (HV121) indicates whether the household member has attended school during the current school year. IPUMS Educational level during current school year Educational level during current school year Educational level during current school year Educational level during current school year Educational level during current school year No education/preschool 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EDLEVELNOW (HV122) reports the level of school the household member attended during the current school year. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education/preschool, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. IPUMS Line number for malaria module Line number for malaria module Line number for malaria module Line number for malaria module Line number for malaria module (1) LINE NO. LINE NUMBER____ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 99 NIU (not in universe) MLLINENO (HMHIDX) reports the line number of the household member in the household questionnaire for the malaria module. In almost all cases, MLLINENO is equal to HHLINENO (HVIDX). IPUMS Mosquito bed net designation number Mosquito bed net designation number Mosquito bed net designation number Mosquito bed net designation number Mosquito bed net designation number 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 99 NIU (not in universe) MLNETINDX (HMLIDX) reports the net designation number of the net the household member slept under the previous night. The net designation numbering system allows the researcher to identify which net was used by which person, since nets may differ in important characteristics (e.g., whether they were treated with insecticide). For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETINDX reports the net designation number of one of the nets the household member slept under the previous night. IPUMS Net observed by interviewer Net observed by interviewer Net observed by interviewer Net observed by interviewer Net observed by interviewer 132. ASK RESPONDENT TO SHOW YOU THE NET(S). IF MORE THAN 6 NETS, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). OBSERVED 1 NOT OBSERVED 2 00 Not seen 10 Yes, seen 11 Yes, seen with holes 12 Yes, seen without holes 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a bed net the previous night, MLNETOBS (HML3) indicates whether the interviewer observed the net the person slept under. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETOBS refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Time since obtained mosquito net (months) Time since obtained mosquito net (months) Time since obtained mosquito net (months) Time since obtained mosquito net (months) Time since obtained mosquito net (months) 133. How many months ago did your household obtain the mosquito net? IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, WRITE '00'. MONTHS AGO _______ 37 OR MORE MONTHS AGO 95 NOT SURE 98 00 Less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 95 More than 3 years ago MLNETAGO (HML4) reports the number of months since the mosquito net the household member slept under the previous night was acquired. IPUMS Brand of net Brand of net Brand of net Brand of net Brand of net 134. OBSERVE BRAND OR TYPE OF MOSQUITO NET. FEEL TEXTURE OF NET IF STIFF/ROUGH CIRCLE 'OLYSET' 'PERMANENT' NET OLYSET 11 (GO TO 138) OTHER/DON'T KNOW BRAND 12 000 No brand 100 Long-lasting insecticide treated net (LLIN) 101 PermaNet 102 PermanNet 2.0 103 PermaNet 3.0 104 Olyset 105 Olyset Plus 106 DuraNET 107 NetProtect/Bestnet 108 Interceptor 109 DawaPlus 110 LifeNet 111 MAGNet 112 Royal Sentry 113 Yorkool LN 114 Serena 115 IconLife 116 Supanet Extra 117 Supermanet 118 Super moustiquaire 119 Milay 120 Smartnet 121 Siam 122 Joia 123 Tana Netting 186 Local 187 Imported 189 Government brand 190 Other/don't know brand LLIN 200 Pretreated net 201 Permethrin 202 Deltamethrin 203 Cyfulthrin 204 Safi net 205 K-Onet 206 Netto 207 Sentinelle 208 Kinga Net 209 Supanet 210 Kooper net 211 Ico net 212 Siam Dutch Thailand 213 Ironnet 214 Long duration 215 Short duration 216 Nigerian brand 289 Unbranded rural net 290 Other/don't know brand pretreated 300 Untreated net 301 Safi net 302 B52 303 Bamboo hut 304 Century 305 Lucky net 306 Victoria 390 Other untreated net 400 Locally/homemade net 500 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a bed net the previous night, MLNETBRAND (HML7) reports the brand of the bed net the person slept under. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETBRAND refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Net treated with insecticide since received Net treated with insecticide since received Net treated with insecticide since received Net treated with insecticide since received Net treated with insecticide since received 135. Since you got the mosquito net, was it ever soaked or dipped in a liquid to repel mosquitos or bugs? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 138) NOT SURE 8 (GO TO 138) No 1 Yes 2 Permanent net 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a bed net the previous night, MLNETSINCE (HML8) indicates whether the net the person slept under had been treated with insecticide since it was first received. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETSINCE refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Mosquito net treated with insecticide Mosquito net treated with insecticide Mosquito net treated with insecticide Mosquito net treated with insecticide Mosquito net treated with insecticide 00 No/don't know 10 Yes 11 Yes, treated in last 12 months 12 Yes, assumed (pre-treated) 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) MLNETITN (HML10) indicates whether the mosquito net the household member slept under the previous night has been treated with insecticide. IPUMS Number of persons who slept under this net Number of persons who slept under this net Number of persons who slept under this net Number of persons who slept under this net Number of persons who slept under this net 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5+ 9 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTNO (HML11) reports how many people slept under the net that the person used during the previous night. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTNO refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Type of mosquito bed net(s) person slept under last night Type of mosquito bed net(s) person slept under last night Type of mosquito bed net(s) person slept under last night Type of mosquito bed net(s) person slept under last night Type of mosquito bed net(s) person slept under last night 134. OBSERVE BRAND OR TYPE OF MOSQUITO NET. FEEL TEXTURE OF NET IF STIFF/ROUGH CIRCLE 'OLYSET' 'PERMANENT' NET OLYSET 11 (GO TO 138) OTHER/DON'T KNOW BRAND 12 Did not sleep under a net 1 Treated bednets only 2 Both treated and undtreated bednets 3 Untreated bednets only 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MLNSLEPTYPE (HML12) indicates whether the household member slept under a bed net the previous night, and, if so, the type of bed net (treated, untreated, or both treated and untreated). IPUMS Net designation number for 1st net person slept under last night Net designation number for 1st net person slept under last night Net designation number for 1st net person slept under last night Net designation number for 1st net person slept under last night Net designation number for 1st net person slept under last night 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 00 Did not sleep under net 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPT1 (HML13) reports the net designation number (MLNETINDX (HMLIDX)) of the first net the person slept under the previous night. IPUMS Net designation number for 2nd net person slept under last night Net designation number for 2nd net person slept under last night Net designation number for 2nd net person slept under last night Net designation number for 2nd net person slept under last night Net designation number for 2nd net person slept under last night 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under at least two bed nets the previous night, MLNETSLEPT2 (HML14) reports the net designation number (MLNETINDX (HMLIDX)) of the second net the person slept under the previous night. IPUMS Net designation number for 3rd net person slept under last night Net designation number for 3rd net person slept under last night Net designation number for 3rd net person slept under last night Net designation number for 3rd net person slept under last night Net designation number for 3rd net person slept under last night 131. How many mosquito nets does your household have? IF 7 OR MORE NETS, RECORD '7'. NUMBER OF NETS _________ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under at least three bed nets the previous night, MLNETSLEPT3 (HML15) reports the net designation number (MLNETINDX (HMLIDX)) of the third net the person slept under the previous night. IPUMS Person slept under an ever-treated net Person slept under an ever-treated net Person slept under an ever-treated net Person slept under an ever-treated net Person slept under an ever-treated net 134. OBSERVE BRAND OR TYPE OF MOSQUITO NET. FEEL TEXTURE OF NET IF STIFF/ROUGH CIRCLE 'OLYSET' 'PERMANENT' NET OLYSET 11 (GO TO 138) OTHER/DON'T KNOW BRAND 12 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MLNETEVERTR (HML19) indicates whether the household member slept the previous night under a bed net that had ever been treated with insecticide. IPUMS Line number of 1st person who slept in this net Line number of 1st person who slept in this net Line number of 1st person who slept in this net Line number of 1st person who slept in this net Line number of 1st person who slept in this net 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 No one 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTA (HMLA) reports the line number of the first household member to sleep under the net the person used during the previous night. If the net was not shared with others, MLNETSLEPTA will be the household member's own line number. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTA refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Line number of 2nd person who slept in this net Line number of 2nd person who slept in this net Line number of 2nd person who slept in this net Line number of 2nd person who slept in this net Line number of 2nd person who slept in this net 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 No one 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a shared bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTB (HMLB) reports the line number of the second household member who slept under the net used by the reference person during the previous night. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTB refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Line number of 3rd person who slept in this net Line number of 3rd person who slept in this net Line number of 3rd person who slept in this net Line number of 3rd person who slept in this net Line number of 3rd person who slept in this net 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 No one 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a shared (with at least 3 people) bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTC (HMLC) reports the line number of the third household member who slept under the net used by the reference person during the previous night. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTC refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Line number of 4th person who slept in this net Line number of 4th person who slept in this net Line number of 4th person who slept in this net Line number of 4th person who slept in this net Line number of 4th person who slept in this net 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 No one 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a shared (with at least four people) bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTD (HMLD) reports the line number of the fourth household member who slept under the net used by the reference person during the previous night. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTD refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Line number of 5th person who slept in this net Line number of 5th person who slept in this net Line number of 5th person who slept in this net Line number of 5th person who slept in this net Line number of 5th person who slept in this net 139. Who slept under this mosquito net last night? RECORD THE PERSON'S NAME AND LINE NUMBER FROM THE HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE NAME _________ LINE NUMBER ________ 00 No one 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members who slept under a shared (with at least five people) bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTE (HMLE) reports the line number of the fifth household member who slept under the net used by the reference person during the previous night. For household members who slept under more than one bed net the previous night, MLNETSLEPTE refers to the net numbered in MLNETINDX (HMLIDX). IPUMS Time since mosquito net last treated with insecticide (months) Time since mosquito net last treated with insecticide (months) Time since mosquito net last treated with insecticide (months) Time since mosquito net last treated with insecticide (months) Time since mosquito net last treated with insecticide (months) 137. How many months ago was the net last soaked or dipped? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. MONTHS AGO _________ 25 OR MORE MONTHS AGO 95 NOT SURE 98 00 Less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 94 More than 2 years ago 95 More than 3 years ago 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) MLNETREAGO (HML9) indicates how many months have passed since the net the household member slept under the previous night was last treated with insecticide. IPUMS Index to household schedule (Female household members) Index to household schedule (Female household members) Index to household schedule (Female household members) Index to household schedule (Female household members) Index to household schedule (Female household members) WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HEMOGLOBIN, VITAMIN A. IRON AND URINARY IODINE FOR WOMEN AGE 15-49 601. CHECK COLUMN 9. RECORD THE LINE NUMBER AND NAME FOR ALL ELIGIBLE WOMEN IN 602. IF THERE ARE MORE THAN THREE WOMEN, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). A FINAL OUTCOME FOR THE ANEMIA TEST PROCEDURE MUST BE RECORDED IN 610 AND FOR THE VITAMIN A TEST PROCEDURE IN 616 FOR EACH ELIGIBLE WOMAN. IF NO ELIGIBLE WOMEN, TICK HERE 602. LINE NUMBER (COLUMN 9) NAME (COLUMN 2) LINE NUMBER ________ NAME ________ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 99 NIU (not in universe) HWFINDEX (HA0) reports the line number, from the household record, of female household members of childbearing age who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. IPUMS Age in years (Female household members) Age in years (Female household members) Age in years (Female household members) Age in years (Female household members) Age in years (Female household members) (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 99 NIU (not in universe) For female household members who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWFAGE (HA1) reports their age in years at the time of the household interview, as reported in the household record (see HHAGE). IPUMS Date of birth (CMC) (Female household members) Date of birth (CMC) (Female household members) Date of birth (CMC) (Female household members) Date of birth (CMC) (Female household members) Date of birth (CMC) (Female household members) (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 9999 NIU (not in universe) HWFBIRTHCMC (HA32) reports the century month code for the date of birth of female household members (of childbearing age) who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. IPUMS Completeness of information: Date of birth (Female household members) Completeness of information: Date of birth (Female household members) Completeness of information: Date of birth (Female household members) Completeness of information: Date of birth (Female household members) Completeness of information: Date of birth (Female household members) (7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? IF 95 OR MORE, WRITE '95' IN YEARS _______ 00 Month, year and day 10 Month and year 20 Month and age (year imputed) 30 Year and age 31 Year and age (month imputed) 32 Year and age (year ignored) 40 Year (age/month imputed) 50 Age (year/month imputed) 60 Month (age/year imputed) 70 None (all imputed) 99 NIU (not in universe) HWFBIRTHDATECOMP (HA33) reports the completeness of information about the age and date of birth of female household members who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. IPUMS Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours (Female household members) Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours (Female household members) Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours (Female household members) Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours (Female household members) Number of cigarettes in last 24 hours (Female household members) 00 Does not smoke 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80+ 94 Smokes other tobacco 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age, CIGDAYNOFEM (HA35) reports the number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24 hours. IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in SMOKEFEM, which indicates whether the female household member smokes. IPUMS Under age 18 (Female household members) Under age 18 (Female household members) Under age 18 (Female household members) Under age 18 (Female household members) Under age 18 (Female household members) 606. AGE: CHECK COLUMN 7. 15-17 YEARS 1 18-49 YEARS 2 (GO TO 609) 1 Under age 18 2 Age 18 or older 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age who were potential subjects for height, weight, and hemoglobin measurement, HWFUNDER18 (HA50) indicates whether they were under or over age 18 at the time of the interview. The information in this variable was used by DHS personnel to determine whether a female household member needed consent from a parent/caretaker to conduct hemoglobin measurements. IPUMS Line number of parent/caretaker (Female household members) Line number of parent/caretaker (Female household members) Line number of parent/caretaker (Female household members) Line number of parent/caretaker (Female household members) Line number of parent/caretaker (Female household members) 608. RECORD LINE NUMBER OF PARENT/OTHER ADULT RESPONS IBLE FOR ADOLESCENT. RECORD '00' IF NOT LISTED. LINE NUMBER OF PARENT OR OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT _____ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 95 Previously married 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 HWFLINENOPARENT (HA51) reports the line number, in the household listing, of the parent or caretaker of female household members under age 18 whose hemoglobin levels were measured, based on blood drawn by DHS personnel. IPUMS Currently pregnant (Female household members) Currently pregnant (Female household members) Currently pregnant (Female household members) Currently pregnant (Female household members) Currently pregnant (Female household members) 613. PREGNANCY STATUS: CHECK 226 IN WOMAN'S QUESTIONNAIRE OR ASK: Are you pregnant? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No/unsure 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age who were potential subjects for height, weight, and hemoglobin measurement, HWFPREGNANT (HA54) indicates whether they were pregnant at the time of the interview. A woman's pregnancy status is an important factor in interpreting hemoglobin/anemia level (see HWFHEMOLEVEL, HWFHEMOLEVELALT, and HWFANEMIALVL). IPUMS Marital status (Female household members) Marital status (Female household members) Marital status (Female household members) Marital status (Female household members) Marital status (Female household members) 607. MARITAL STATUS: CHECK COLUMN 8. CODE 4 (NEVER IN UNION) 1 OTHER 2 (GO TO 609) Never in union 1 Ever-married 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For female household members who were potential subjects for height, weight, and hemoglobin measurement, HWFMARSTAT (HA60) indicates whether they had ever been married or in a union. This variable was typically used to assist DHS personnel determine from whom consent could be obtained in cases where the female household member was under age 18 and could not grant consent herself. IPUMS Result of woman's individual interview (female household members) Result of woman's individual interview (female household members) Result of woman's individual interview (female household members) Result of woman's individual interview (female household members) Result of woman's individual interview (female household members) 10 Complete 20 Incomplete 21 Not at home 22 Postponed 23 Refused 24 Partly completed 25 Incapacitated 26 Other 99 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFINDRESULT (HA65) indicates whether she completed the women's individual questionnaire. IPUMS Woman's highest educational level (female household members) Woman's highest educational level (female household members) Woman's highest educational level (female household members) Woman's highest educational level (female household members) Woman's highest educational level (female household members) 00 No education 10 Primary 20 Secondary 30 Higher 31 College 32 University 40 Other 41 Technical/vocational 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFEDUCLVL (HA66) reports the highest level of school they attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HWFEDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Woman's highest year of education in level (female household members) Woman's highest year of education in level (female household members) Woman's highest year of education in level (female household members) Woman's highest year of education in level (female household members) Woman's highest year of education in level (female household members) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFFEDUCLVLYR (HA67) reports the number of years of schooling completed at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in HWFEDUCLVL (HA66). See Comparability for more information on how to correctly interpret values in HWFEDUCLVLYR. IPUMS Woman's highest educational level, detailed (female household members) Woman's highest educational level, detailed (female household members) Woman's highest educational level, detailed (female household members) Woman's highest educational level, detailed (female household members) Woman's highest educational level, detailed (female household members) 000 No education 010 Pre-primary 100 Less than secondary 110 Primary 111 Incomplete primary 112 Complete primary 120 Elementary 130 Fundamental 140 Preparatory 150 Middle 160 Diploma before secondary 200 Secondary or higher 210 Secondary 211 Secondary 1st cycle 212 Secondary 2nd cycle 213 Incomplete secondary 214 Complete secondary 215 Complete secondary or higher 220 Higher 221 Diploma after secondary 222 University/higher 300 Other 310 Vocational 320 Community development/forming center 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFEDUCLVLCS (HA68) reports the highest level of school attended, according to the educational system of the country where they were interviewed. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems and the level of detail reported. HWFEDUCLVLCS reports the highest educational level, as recorded for preliminary and final reports. The related variable HWFEDUCLVL (HA66) reports the woman's highest level of education in standardized categories. IPUMS Weight in kilograms (Female household members) Weight in kilograms (Female household members) Weight in kilograms (Female household members) Weight in kilograms (Female household members) Weight in kilograms (Female household members) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of range (lt 15kg or gt 220 kg) 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWFWEIGHT (HA2) reports their weight as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the weight. Dividing HWFWEIGHT by 10 will yield the measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Height in centimeters (Female household members) Height in centimeters (Female household members) Height in centimeters (Female household members) Height in centimeters (Female household members) Height in centimeters (Female household members) 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWFHEIGHT (HA3) reports their height as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the height. Dividing HWFHEIGHT by 10 will yield the measured height in kilograms. IPUMS Height for age percentile (female household members) Height for age percentile (female household members) Height for age percentile (female household members) Height for age percentile (female household members) Height for age percentile (female household members) 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFHTAPCT (HA4) reports the woman's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HWFHEIGHT (HA3) reports the woman's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (female household members) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (female household members) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (female household members) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (female household members) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (female household members) 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 09997 Flagged cases 09998 Missing 09999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFHTASDRM (HA5) reports the difference between the woman's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWFHTASDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWFHTASDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HWFHEIGHT (HA3) reports the woman's height, as measured by DHS personnel. The complementary DHS variable HWFHTAPCT (HA4) reports the woman's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in HWFHTASDRM. The complementary DHS variable HWFHTAPCTRM (HA6) reports the woman's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status. IPUMS Height for age percent of reference median (female household members) Height for age percent of reference median (female household members) Height for age percent of reference median (female household members) Height for age percent of reference median (female household members) Height for age percent of reference median (female household members) 604. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM _____.___ NOT PRESENT 9994 REFUSED 9995 OTHER .9996 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFHTAPCTRM (HA6) reports the woman's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age18. HWFHEIGHT (HA3) reports the woman's height, as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable HWFHTAPCT (HA4) reports the woman's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (female household members) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (female household members) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (female household members) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (female household members) Weight for height standard deviations from the reference median (DHS) (female household members) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFWTHTSDRM (HA11) reports the difference between the woman's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. This variable uses a DHS reference standard. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWFWTHTSDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWFWTHTSDRM by 100 will yield the weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) value. The complementary DHS variable HWFWTHTPCTRMDHS (HA12) reports weight-for-height percentiles within the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature for further discussion. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (female household members) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFWTHTPCTRMDHS (HA12) reports the woman's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the DHS Program. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the woman's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: HWFWTHTPCTRMFOG (HA12A) uses Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standards HWFWTHTPCTRMWHO (HA12B) uses WHO reference standards IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (female household members) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFWTHTPCTRMFOG (HA12A) reports the woman's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the woman's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: HWFWTHTPCTRMDHS (HA12) uses a DHS reference standard HWFWTHTPCTRMWHO (HA12B) uses the WHO reference standard IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (female household members) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (female household members) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFWTHTPCTRMWHO (HA12B) reports the woman's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the woman's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: HWFWTHTPCTRMDHS (HA12) uses a DHS reference standard HWFWTHTPCTRMFOG (HA12A) uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard IPUMS Whether measured, and, if not, why not (Female household members) Whether measured, and, if not, why not (Female household members) Whether measured, and, if not, why not (Female household members) Whether measured, and, if not, why not (Female household members) Whether measured, and, if not, why not (Female household members) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 Measured 1 Not present 2 Refused 3 Technical problem 4 Incapacitated/sick 5 Other 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HWFWHYNOTMEAS (HA13) indicates whether the female household member of childbearing age was measured for height and weight, or, if not, why she was not measured. All "no" responses have a common first digit of "2," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., not present, refused). IPUMS Body mass index (BMI) (Female household members) Body mass index (BMI) (Female household members) Body mass index (BMI) (Female household members) Body mass index (BMI) (Female household members) Body mass index (BMI) (Female household members) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 9997 Flagged cases For female household members, HWFBMI (HA40) reports their body mass index (BMI). BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/H2). BMI is also known as the Quetelet Index, and it is a measure of acute nutritional status, based on the Fogarty Metropolitan Life tables of ideal weight for height. The DHS Guide to Statistics offers the following guidelines for interpreting BMI scores for women age 15-49: Normal: 18.5 to 24.9 Mildly thin: 17.0 to 18.4 Moderately thin: 16.0 to 16.9 Severely thin: less than 16.0 Overweight: 25.0 to 29.9 Obese: 30.0 or more The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in the DHS. HWFWEIGHT (HA2) reports the female household member's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HWFHEIGHT (HA3) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in HWFROHRER (the female household member's Rohrer's Index, which is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/H3)). IPUMS Rohrer's index (Female household members) Rohrer's index (Female household members) Rohrer's index (Female household members) Rohrer's index (Female household members) Rohrer's index (Female household members) 603. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG _____.__ NOT PRESENT 99994 REFUSED 99995 OTHER .99996 9998 Missing 9997 Flagged cases 9999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age, HWFROHRER (HA41) reports their Rohrer's Index. Rohrer's Index is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/H3). Rohrer's Index is a measure of acute nutritional status, and may be used as an alternative to Body Mass Index. The original height and weight values used to calculate Rohrer's Index are also included in the DHS. HWFWEIGHT (HA2) reports the female household member's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HWFHEIGHT (HA3) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in HWFBMI (the female household member's Body Mass Index (BMI), which is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/H2)). IPUMS Read consent statement - hemoglobin (Female household members) Read consent statement - hemoglobin (Female household members) Read consent statement - hemoglobin (Female household members) Read consent statement - hemoglobin (Female household members) Read consent statement - hemoglobin (Female household members) 609. READ ANEMIA TEST CONSENT STATEMENT. FOR NEVER-IN-UNION WOMEN AGE 15-17, ASK CONSENT FROM PARENT/OTHER ADULT IDENTIFIED IN 608 BEFORE ASKING RESPOND ENT'S CONSENT. GRANTED 1(SIGN) _______ PARENT/OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT REFUSED 2 (SIGN) _______ (GO TO 610) RESPONDENT REFUSED 3 (SIGN) _______ (GO TO 610) 10 Granted 20 Refused 21 Parent/caretaker refused 22 Respondent refused 23 Adolescent refused after parent granted 30 Not present 31 Respondent not present 32 Parent/caretaker not present 33 Minor not present 40 Not read 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For female household members, HWFHEMOCONSENT (HA52) indicates whether permission was granted for their blood to be drawn and tested for hemoglobin level (as an indicator of anemia) or, if not, why not. Interviewers read a statement about hemoglobin testing and requested permission to draw and test the individual's blood for hemoglobin level. IPUMS Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (Female household members) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (Female household members) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (Female household members) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (Female household members) Hemoglobin level (g/dl) (Female household members) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 994 Information not collected (CS) 995 Not present 996 Refused 997 Other 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age, HWFHEMOLEVEL (HA53) reports the level of hemoglobin in their blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. HWFHEMOLEVEL is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. For a summary statement of the female household member's anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see HWFANEMIALVL (HA57). IPUMS Whether hemoglobin level tested (Female household members) Whether hemoglobin level tested (Female household members) Whether hemoglobin level tested (Female household members) Whether hemoglobin level tested (Female household members) Whether hemoglobin level tested (Female household members) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 10 Measured 20 Not measured 21 Not present 22 Refused 23 Technical problems 24 Other 97 Information not collected (CS) 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age, HWFHEMOTEST (HA55) indicates whether their hemoglobin level was tested from a blood draw by DHS personnel, or, if not, why their hemoglobin level was not measured. All "no" responses have a common first digit of "2," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., not present, refused, technical problem). IPUMS Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude (Female household members) Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude (Female household members) Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude (Female household members) Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude (Female household members) Hemoglobin level adjusted by altitude (Female household members) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 992 Information not collected 993 Not present 994 Refused 995 Other 996 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age, HWFHEMOLEVELALT (HA56) reports the level of hemoglobin in their blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel, and adjusted for altitude. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. HWFHEMOLEVELALT is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. The USAID publication Adjusting Hemoglobin Values in Program Surveys [URL omitted from DDI.] explains, "At elevations above 1000 m. hemoglobin concentrations increase as an adaptive response to the lower partial pressure of oxygen and reduced oxygen saturation of blood." The report further provides an equation for adjusting hemoglobin values in altitudes at 500-meter intervals, and explains that adjustment is important because "WHO hemoglobin cutoffs for anemia refer to sea-level values." For a summary statement of the female household member's anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see HWFANEMIALVL (HA57). IPUMS Anemia level (Female household members) Anemia level (Female household members) Anemia level (Female household members) Anemia level (Female household members) Anemia level (Female household members) 610. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 1 Severe 2 Moderate 3 Mild 4 Not anemic 7 Information not collected 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For female household members of childbearing age, HWFANEMIALVL (HA57) reports their level of anemia, from severely anemic to not anemic, based on hemoglobin levels in blood drawn by DHS personnel. According to the DHS Recode Manuals: [Hemoglobin] Levels below 7.0 g/dl are considered as severe anemia, levels between 7.1g/dl and 9.9g/dl are considered as moderate anemia, and cases between 10.0 g/dl and 10.9 g/dl are considered as mild anemia for pregnant women and between 10.0 g/dl and 11.9 g/dl for all other adult women. IPUMS Index to household schedule (members under age 5) Index to household schedule (members under age 5) Index to household schedule (members under age 5) Index to household schedule (members under age 5) Index to household schedule (members under age 5) WEIGHT, HEIGHT, HEMOGLOBIN, VITAMIN A AND IRON FOR CHILDREN 0-5 YEARS 501. CHECK COLUMN 11. RECORD THE LINE NUMBER, NAME AND AGE FOR ALL ELIGIBLE CHILDREN LESS THAN 5 YEARS OF AGE IN QUESTIONS 502-503. IF THERE ARE MORE THAN SIX CHILDREN, USE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE(S). A FINAL OUTCOME FOR THE ANEMIA TEST PROCEDURE MUST BE RECORDED IN 513 AND FOR THE VITAMIN A TEST PROCEDURE IN 517 FOR EACH ELIGIBLE CHILD. IF NO ELIGIBLE CHILDREN, TICK HERE AND SKIP TO Q. 601 502. LINE NUMBER (COLUMN 11) NAME (COLUMN 2) LINE NUMBER _______ NAME ________ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 59 59 62 62 74 74 99 NIU (not in universe) HWCINDEX (HC0) reports the line number, from the household record, of household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. IPUMS Age in months (members under age 5) Age in months (members under age 5) Age in months (members under age 5) Age in months (members under age 5) Age in months (members under age 5) 503. What is (NAME'S) birth date? IF MOTHER INTERVIEWED, COPY MONTH AND YEAR FROM BIRTH HIST ORY AND ASK DAY OF BIRTH; IF MOTHER NOT INTERVIEWED, ASK DAY, MONTH AND YEAR OF BIRTH DAY ______ MONTH ______ YEAR ______ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports their age in months at the time of the household interview. This information is useful for calculating malnutrition indicators such as height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight). The DHS Recode manuals report that the age in months is calculated from the century month code of the date of interview minus the century month code of the date of birth of the young household member. IPUMS Date measured (day) (members under age 5) Date measured (day) (members under age 5) Date measured (day) (members under age 5) Date measured (day) (members under age 5) Date measured (day) (members under age 5) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCDAYMEAS (HC17) reports the day of the month on which their height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. Their age in days on the day of measurement is used in DHS calculations of anthropometric Z-scores. The complementary variables HWCMONTHMEAS (HC18) and HWCYEARMEAS (HC19) report the month and the year, respectively, of the young household member's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Date measured (month) (members under age 5) Date measured (month) (members under age 5) Date measured (month) (members under age 5) Date measured (month) (members under age 5) Date measured (month) (members under age 5) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCMONTHMEAS (HC18) reports the calendar month of the year during which their height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. The complementary variables HWCDAYMEAS (HC17) and HWCYEARMEAS (HC19) report the day (of the month) and the year, respectively, of the young household member's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Date measured (year) (members under age 5) Date measured (year) (members under age 5) Date measured (year) (members under age 5) Date measured (year) (members under age 5) Date measured (year) (members under age 5) 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCYEARMEAS (HC19) reports the year during which their height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. The complementary variables HWCDAYMEAS (HC17) and HWCMONTHMEAS (HC18) report the day and the month, respectively, of the young household member's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Sex (members under age 5) Sex (members under age 5) Sex (members under age 5) Sex (members under age 5) Sex (members under age 5) (4) SEX Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SEXHHLT5 (HC27) reports the sex of household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. The information in this variable is copied from SEX (HV104), which reports sex for all household members. IPUMS Day of birth (members under age 5) Day of birth (members under age 5) Day of birth (members under age 5) Day of birth (members under age 5) Day of birth (members under age 5) 503. What is (NAME'S) birth date? IF MOTHER INTERVIEWED, COPY MONTH AND YEAR FROM BIRTH HIST ORY AND ASK DAY OF BIRTH; IF MOTHER NOT INTERVIEWED, ASK DAY, MONTH AND YEAR OF BIRTH DAY ______ MONTH ______ YEAR ______ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCDAYOFBIRTH (HC16) reports the day of the month on which the child was born. The DHS recode manuals report that the day of birth of the child is used in conjunction with the date of measurement of the child to more finely calculate the age of the child in days when computing anthropometric measures. This level of accuracy can be important in very young children. The age of the child calculated from the day of birth information is not used as a background characteristic for tabulations, but purely to produce a more accurate set of anthropometric measures. DHS analysis thus uses HWCDAYOFBIRTH and the date of the child's height and weight measurement to precisely calculate child malnutrition indicators such as height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight) Z-scores. IPUMS Month of birth (members under age 5) Month of birth (members under age 5) Month of birth (members under age 5) Month of birth (members under age 5) Month of birth (members under age 5) 503. What is (NAME'S) birth date? IF MOTHER INTERVIEWED, COPY MONTH AND YEAR FROM BIRTH HIST ORY AND ASK DAY OF BIRTH; IF MOTHER NOT INTERVIEWED, ASK DAY, MONTH AND YEAR OF BIRTH DAY ______ MONTH ______ YEAR ______ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHMONTHLT5 (HC30) reports the calendar month of birth of household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. The complementary variable BIRTHYEARLT5 (HC31) reports the household member's calendar year of birth. BIRTHCMCLT5 (HC32) reports the century month code for the household member's date of birth. IPUMS Year of birth (members under age 5) Year of birth (members under age 5) Year of birth (members under age 5) Year of birth (members under age 5) Year of birth (members under age 5) 503. What is (NAME'S) birth date? IF MOTHER INTERVIEWED, COPY MONTH AND YEAR FROM BIRTH HIST ORY AND ASK DAY OF BIRTH; IF MOTHER NOT INTERVIEWED, ASK DAY, MONTH AND YEAR OF BIRTH DAY ______ MONTH ______ YEAR ______ 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHYEARLT5 (HC31) reports the calendar year of birth of household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. The complementary variable BIRTHMONTHLT5(HC30) reports the household member's calendar month of birth. BIRTHCMCLT5 (HC32) reports the century month code for the household member's date of birth. IPUMS Date of birth (CMC) (members under age 5) Date of birth (CMC) (members under age 5) Date of birth (CMC) (members under age 5) Date of birth (CMC) (members under age 5) Date of birth (CMC) (members under age 5) 503. What is (NAME'S) birth date? IF MOTHER INTERVIEWED, COPY MONTH AND YEAR FROM BIRTH HIST ORY AND ASK DAY OF BIRTH; IF MOTHER NOT INTERVIEWED, ASK DAY, MONTH AND YEAR OF BIRTH DAY ______ MONTH ______ YEAR ______ 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHCMCLT5 (HC32) reports the century month code for the date of birth of household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. The complementary variable BIRTHMONTHLT5 (HC30) reports the household member's calendar month of birth. BIRTHYEARLT5 (HC31) reports the household member's calendar year of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in BIRTHCMCLT5 are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Completeness of information: Date of birth (members under age 5) Completeness of information: Date of birth (members under age 5) Completeness of information: Date of birth (members under age 5) Completeness of information: Date of birth (members under age 5) Completeness of information: Date of birth (members under age 5) 503. What is (NAME'S) birth date? IF MOTHER INTERVIEWED, COPY MONTH AND YEAR FROM BIRTH HIST ORY AND ASK DAY OF BIRTH; IF MOTHER NOT INTERVIEWED, ASK DAY, MONTH AND YEAR OF BIRTH DAY ______ MONTH ______ YEAR ______ 01 Month, year, and day reported 02 Month and year reported 03 Month and age reported, year imputed 04 Year and age reported, month imputed 05 Year reported, age and month imputed 06 Age reported, year and month imputed 07 Month reported, age and year imputed 08 Year and age reported, year ignored 09 All values imputed 90 No data from individual questionnaire 99 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHDATECOMPLT5 (HC33) reports the completeness of information about the age and date of birth of household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. IPUMS Line number of parent/caretaker (members under age 5) Line number of parent/caretaker (members under age 5) Line number of parent/caretaker (members under age 5) Line number of parent/caretaker (members under age 5) Line number of parent/caretaker (members under age 5) 510. RECORD LINE NUMBER OF PARENT/OTHER ADULT RESPONS IBLE FOR CHILD (COLUMN 1 HH SCHEDULE). RECORD '00' IF NOT LISTED. LINE NUMBER OF PARENT OR OTHER RESPONSIBLE ADULT ______ 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LINENOPARENTHHLT5 (HC51) reports the line number, in the household listing, of the parent or caretaker of household members under age 5 whose hemoglobin levels were measured, based on blood drawn by DHS personnel. IPUMS Mother's line number (woman's questionnaire) (members under age 5) Mother's line number (woman's questionnaire) (members under age 5) Mother's line number (woman's questionnaire) (members under age 5) Mother's line number (woman's questionnaire) (members under age 5) Mother's line number (woman's questionnaire) (members under age 5) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 061 61 995 Mother not de facto member of HH 996 Incomplete woman's interview 997 Not in household 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, LINENOMOMHHLT5 (HC60) reports the line number, as reported in the woman's questionnaire, of their mothers. IPUMS Mother's highest educational level (members under age 5) Mother's highest educational level (members under age 5) Mother's highest educational level (members under age 5) Mother's highest educational level (members under age 5) Mother's highest educational level (members under age 5) 00 No education 10 Primary 11 Reformed primary 12 Post-primary 20 Secondary 21 Secondary 1st cycle 22 Secondary 2nd cycle 30 Higher 31 College 32 University 40 Other 41 Technical/vocational 42 Professional 1st cycle 43 Professional 2nd cycle 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCMOMEDUCLVL (HC61) reports the highest level of school their mothers attended, as reported in the woman's questionnaire. The related variable HWCMOMEDUCLVLCS (HC68) reports the highest level of school their mothers attended, as included in the final report. IPUMS Mother's highest year of education (members under age 5) Mother's highest year of education (members under age 5) Mother's highest year of education (members under age 5) Mother's highest year of education (members under age 5) Mother's highest year of education (members under age 5) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 97 Don’t know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, EDYRMOMLT5 (HC62) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher) by their mothers, as reported in the woman's questionnaire. IPUMS Preceding birth interval in months (members under age 5) Preceding birth interval in months (members under age 5) Preceding birth interval in months (members under age 5) Preceding birth interval in months (members under age 5) Preceding birth interval in months (members under age 5) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement and were not a first-born child, HWCBIRTHINTPREMO (HC63) indicates the preceding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born after the mother's previous birth (i.e., after the child's first older sibling). IPUMS Child's birth order number (members under age 5) Child's birth order number (members under age 5) Child's birth order number (members under age 5) Child's birth order number (members under age 5) Child's birth order number (members under age 5) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCBORD (HC64) reports the birth order in which the child was born, from 1 to n, where 1 is the first child born to a mother, and the nth birth is the most recently born child. IPUMS Mother's highest educational level, detailed (members under age 5) Mother's highest educational level, detailed (members under age 5) Mother's highest educational level, detailed (members under age 5) Mother's highest educational level, detailed (members under age 5) Mother's highest educational level, detailed (members under age 5) 0000 NO EDUCATION 0100 Pre-primary 1000 LESS THAN SECONDARY 1100 Primary 1110 Incomplete primary 1120 Complete primary 1200 Elementary 1300 Fundamental 1400 Preparatory 1500 Middle 1600 Diploma before secondary 1610 Vocational, after primary 2000 SECONDARY OR HIGHER 2100 Secondary 2110 Secondary 1st cycle 2120 Secondary 2nd cycle 2130 Technical secondary 2140 Professional secondary 2150 Incomplete secondary 2160 Complete secondary 2170 Complete secondary or higher 2200 Higher 2210 Diploma after secondary 2211 Vocational, after secondary 2220 University/higher 2221 College 2222 Graduate/post-graduate 2300 Higher, professional 3000 OTHER 3100 Vocational 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCMOMEDUCLVLCS (HC68) reports the highest level of school their mothers attended, as included in the final report. Educational levels specified in DHS final reports reflect country-specific educational systems and include more detailed levels than the broad categories of no education, primary, secondary, and higher schooling. The related variable HWCMOMEDUCLVL (HC61) reports the highest level of school their mothers attended, as indicated in the women's questionnaire and using broad general categories only (e.g., primary, secondary, higher education). IPUMS Weight in kilograms (1 decimal) (members under age 5) Weight in kilograms (1 decimal) (members under age 5) Weight in kilograms (1 decimal) (members under age 5) Weight in kilograms (1 decimal) (members under age 5) Weight in kilograms (1 decimal) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports their weight as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the weight. Dividing HWCWEIGHT by 10 will yield the measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Height in centimeters (1 decimal) (members under age 5) Height in centimeters (1 decimal) (members under age 5) Height in centimeters (1 decimal) (members under age 5) Height in centimeters (1 decimal) (members under age 5) Height in centimeters (1 decimal) (members under age 5) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports their height as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the height. Dividing HWCHEIGHT by 10 will yield the measured height in kilograms. IPUMS Height for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCHTAPCT (HC4) reports their height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition, The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports the young household member's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWCHTHOWMEAS (HC15) for specifics on length/height measurement. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports the young household member's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of stunting in terms of height-for-age for the same reference population, see HWCHAZNCHS (HC5). HWCHAZNCHS reports the difference between the young household member's height and the median height of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, HWCHAZNCHS (HC5) reports the difference between their height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWCHAZNCHS values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWCHAZNCHS by 100 will yield height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. Low height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate chronic malnutrition, and HAZ scores below -3 to represent severe chronic malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWCHAZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has continued to release anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. The variable HWCHAZWHO (HC70) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate height-for-age Z-scores. This variable was generated for all DHS samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports the young household member's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWCHTHOWMEAS (HC15) for specifics on length/height measurement. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports the young household member's age in months at the time of measurement. The complementary DHS variable HWCHTAPCT (HC4) reports the height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in HWCHAZNCHS. The complementary DHS variable HWCWTAPCTRM (HC9) reports the height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature [URL omitted from DDI.] for further discussion. IPUMS Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) 99997 Flagged cases For household members under age 5, HWCHTAPCTRM (HC6) reports their height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition, HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports the young household member's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWCHTHOWMEAS (HC15) for specifics on length/height measurement. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports the young household member's age in months at the time of measurement. The similar variable HWCHTAPCT (HC4) reports the height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. For an alternative measure of stunting in terms of height-for-age, see HWCHAZNCHS (HC5). HWCHAZNCHS reports the difference between the young household member's height and the median height of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, HWCWTAPCT (HC7) reports their weight-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low weight-for-age, or "underweight," is an indicator of chronic and/or acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of wasting in terms of weight-for-age using the same reference population, see HWCWAZNCHS (HC8). HWCWAZNCHS reports the difference between the young household member's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, HWCWAZNCHS (HC8) reports the difference between their weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWCWAZNCHS values are provided in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWCWAZNCHS by 100 will yield a weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) value. Low weight-for-age, or "underweight," is a composite indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate malnutrition, and WAZ below -3 to represent severe malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWCWAZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. HWCWAZWHO (HC71) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate weight-for-age Z-scores. This variable was generated for all samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel. AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports the age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) 99997 Flagged cases For household members under age 5, HWCWTAPCTRM (HC9) reports their weight-for-age as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low weight-for-age, or "underweight," is an indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition, HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports age in months at the time of measurement. The similar variable HWCWTAPCT (HC7) reports the young household member's weight-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. For an alternative measure of stunting in terms of weight-for-age and using the same reference population, see HWCWAZNCHS (HC8). HWCWAZNCHS reports the difference between the height and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 9997 Flagged cases For household members under age 5, HWCWTHTPCT (HC10) reports their weight-for-height percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by height and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight as measured by DHS personnel. HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports their measured height in centimeters. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of wasting in terms of weight-for-height using the same reference population, see HWCWHZNCHS (HC11). HWCWHZNCHS reports the difference between the young household member's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) (members under age 5) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) (members under age 5) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) (members under age 5) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) (members under age 5) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under the age of 5, HWCWHZNCHS (HC11) reports the difference between their weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWCWHZNCHS values are provided in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWCWHZNCHS by 100 will yield a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) value. Low weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate acute malnutrition, and WHZ below -3 to represent severe acute malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWCWHZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has continued to release anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. The variable HWCWHZWHO (HC72) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate weight-for-height Z-scores. This variable was generated for all DHS samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight as measured by DHS personnel, and HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports their length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See HWCHEIGHT and HWCHTHOWMEAS (HC15) for specifics on length/height measurement. The complementary DHS variable HWCWTHTPCT (HC10) reports the young household member's weight-for-height percentile within the same reference population used in HWCWHZNCHS. The complementary DHS variable HWCWTHTPCTRM (HC12) reports the weight-for-height as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature [URL omitted from DDI.] for further discussion. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, HWCWTHTPCTRM (HC12) reports their weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight in growth charts by height and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight as measured by DHS personnel. HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports their measured height in centimeters. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of wasting in terms of weight-for-height using the same reference population, see HWCWHZNCHS (HC11). HWCWHZNCHS reports the difference between the young household member's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Whether household member under age 5 measured, and, if not, why not Whether household member under age 5 measured, and, if not, why not Whether household member under age 5 measured, and, if not, why not Whether household member under age 5 measured, and, if not, why not Whether household member under age 5 measured, and, if not, why not 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 10 Measured 20 Not measured 21 Sick 22 Not present 23 Refused 24 Technical problems 25 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCWHYNOTMEAS (HC13) reports whether they were measured, or, if not, why they were not measured. All "no" responses have a common first digit of "2," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., consent refused, not present). IPUMS Child's height measured lying down or standing up (members under age 5) Child's height measured lying down or standing up (members under age 5) Child's height measured lying down or standing up (members under age 5) Child's height measured lying down or standing up (members under age 5) Child's height measured lying down or standing up (members under age 5) 507. MEASURED LYING DOWN OR STANDING UP? LYING DOWN 1 STANDING UP 2 NOT MEASURED 3 Not measured 1 Lying down 2 Standing up 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5 who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement, HWCHOWMEAS (HC15) reports whether their height was measured when they were lying down or standing up. According to the DHS Recode Manuals: In DHS surveys, children aged less than 24 months are to be measured lying down, children 24 months or older are to be measured standing up. There may, however, be a considerable discrepancy between policy and practice! IPUMS Height for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Height for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Height for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Height for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Height for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) 506. HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS CM ___.__ NOT PRESENT 9994 RESFUED 9995 OTHER 9996 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 9995 Height out of plausible limits For household members under age 5, HWCHAZWHO (HC70) reports the difference between their height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWCHAZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWCHAZWHO by 100 will yield a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. Low height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate chronic malnutrition, and HAZ below -3 to represent severe chronic malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWCHAZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated height-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.], which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWCHAZNCHS (HC5) reports the young household member's height-for-age Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports the young household member's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWCHTHOWMEAS (HC15) for specifics on length/height measurement. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Weight for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Weight for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Weight for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Weight for age standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 9995 Height out of plausible limits For household members under the age of 5, HWCWAZWHO (HC71) reports the difference between their weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWCWAZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWCWAZWHO by 100 will yield a weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) value. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is a composite indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate malnutrition, and WAZ below -3 to represent severe malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWCWAZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated weight-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data, which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWCWAZNCHS (HC8) reports the young household member's weight-for-age Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight as measured by DHS personnel. AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Weight for height standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Weight for height standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Weight for height standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) Weight for height standard deviations (new WHO) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 9995 Height out of plausible limits For household members under the age of 5, HWCWHZWHO (HC72) reports the difference between their weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWCWHZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWCWHZWHO by 100 will yield a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) value. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate acute malnutrition, and WHZ below -3 to represent severe acute malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWCWHZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated weight-for-height Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data, which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWCWHZNCHS (HC11) reports the young household member's weight-for-height Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel. HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. See HWCHEIGHT and HWCHTHOWMEAS (HC15) for specifics on length/height measurement. IPUMS BMI standard deviation (new WHO) (members under age 5) BMI standard deviation (new WHO) (members under age 5) BMI standard deviation (new WHO) (members under age 5) BMI standard deviation (new WHO) (members under age 5) BMI standard deviation (new WHO) (members under age 5) 505. WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS KG ____.__ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 9995 Height out of plausible limits For household members under the age of 5, HWCBMIZWHO (HC73) reports the difference between their body mass index (BMI) and the median BMI of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWCBMIZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWCBMIZWHO by 100 will yield a BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ) value. BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared. Considered in relation to a reference population, BMI-for-age is valuable for assessing either underweight or overweight status, and particularly useful in settings where malnutrition and obesity coexist. Reference populations used to generate HWCBMIZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated BMI-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. DHS does not calculate BMI-for-age measures using the reference populations that preceded WHO MGRS (the 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics International Growth Reference data). The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in the DHS. HWCWEIGHT (HC2) reports the young household member's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HWCHEIGHT (HC3) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. See HWCHEIGHT and HWCHTHOWMEAS (HC15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable AGEMOHHLT5 (HC1) reports age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Read consent statement - hemoglobin (members under age 5) Read consent statement - hemoglobin (members under age 5) Read consent statement - hemoglobin (members under age 5) Read consent statement - hemoglobin (members under age 5) Read consent statement - hemoglobin (members under age 5) 512. READ ANEMIATEST CONSENT STATEMENT TO PARENT/OTHER ADULT RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILD. CIRCLE CODE AND SIGN. GRANTED 1 (SIGN) _______ REFUSED 2 (SIGN) ________ 10 Granted 20 Not granted 21 Refused 22 Not present 23 Consent statement not read 24 Consent form not signed 25 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, HEMOCONSENTHHLT5 (HC52) indicates whether permission was granted for their blood to be drawn and tested for hemoglobin level (as an indicator of anemia) or, if not, why not. Interviewers read a statement about hemoglobin testing and requested permission to draw and test the individual's blood for hemoglobin level; blood was drawn only if consent was given by a parent or guardian. IPUMS Whether hemoglobin level tested (members under age 5) Whether hemoglobin level tested (members under age 5) Whether hemoglobin level tested (members under age 5) Whether hemoglobin level tested (members under age 5) Whether hemoglobin level tested (members under age 5) 513. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 10 Measured 20 Not measured 21 Not present 22 Refused 23 Technical problem 24 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, HEMOTESTHHLT5 (HC55) indicates whether their hemoglobin level was tested from a blood draw by DHS personnel or, if not, why not. All "no" responses have a common first digit of "2," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., consent refused versus technical problem). IPUMS Hemoglobin level (g/dl - 1 decimal) (members under age 5) Hemoglobin level (g/dl - 1 decimal) (members under age 5) Hemoglobin level (g/dl - 1 decimal) (members under age 5) Hemoglobin level (g/dl - 1 decimal) (members under age 5) Hemoglobin level (g/dl - 1 decimal) (members under age 5) 513. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 994 Information not collected (CS) 995 Not present 996 Refused 997 Other 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, HEMOLEVELHHLT5 (HC53) reports the level of hemoglobin in their blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. HEMOLEVELHHLT5 is a 3-digit variable with 1 implied decimal place. For a summary statement of the young household member's anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see ANEMIALVLHHLT5 (HC57). IPUMS Hemoglobin level adjusted for altitude (members under age 5) Hemoglobin level adjusted for altitude (members under age 5) Hemoglobin level adjusted for altitude (members under age 5) Hemoglobin level adjusted for altitude (members under age 5) Hemoglobin level adjusted for altitude (members under age 5) 513. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 9996 Inconsistent 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, HEMOLEVELALTHHLT5 (HC56) reports the level of hemoglobin in their blood, in terms of grams per deciliter (g/dl), based on testing of blood drawn by DHS personnel, and adjusted for altitude. Hemoglobin levels are tested to determine the presence and severity of anemia. HEMOLEVELALTHHLT5 is a 4-digit numeric variable with 1 implied decimal place. The USAID publication Adjusting Hemoglobin Values in Program Surveys [URL omitted from DDI.] explains, "At elevations above 1000 m. hemoglobin concentrations increase as an adaptive response to the lower partial pressure of oxygen and reduced oxygen saturation of blood." The report further provides an equation for adjusting hemoglobin values in altitudes at 500-meter intervals, and explains that adjustment is important because "WHO hemoglobin cutoffs for anemia refer to sea-level values." For a summary statement of the young household member's anemia status, based on grouped hemoglobin level results, see ANEMIALVLHHLT5 (HC57). IPUMS Anemia level (members under age 5) Anemia level (members under age 5) Anemia level (members under age 5) Anemia level (members under age 5) Anemia level (members under age 5) 513. RECORD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL HERE AND IN ANEMIA PAMPHLET G/DL ______ NOT PRESENT 994 REFUSED 995 OTHER 996 1 Severe 2 Moderate 3 Mild 4 Not anemic 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For household members under age 5, ANEMIALVLHHLT5 (HC57) reports their level of anemia, from severely anemic to not anemic, based on hemoglobin levels in blood drawn by DHS personnel. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "[Hemoglobin] Levels below 7.0 g/dl are considered as severe anemia, levels between 7.1g/dl and 9.9g/dl are considered as moderate anemia, and cases between 10.0 g/dl and 10.9 g/dl are considered as mild anemia." IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series NDVI monthly time-series 1 NDVI available NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) consists of a set of 72 variables. These variables report the maximum NDVI value within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. NDVI is a numeric, normalized index that measures live greenness in an area and can be used as a proxy for vegetation. Hypothetically, NDVI values can range from -1.0 to 1.0. The IPUMS-DHS NDVI metric captures the maximum value of NDVI within the 10-kilometer buffer area (i.e., which pixel in the buffer has the maximum NDVI value for a given month), so the values in IPUMS-DHS for NDVI range from 0 to 1. By adding NDVI to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_01 is the maximum NDVI in the month before the survey start date; NDVI_60 is the maximum NDVI in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (NDVI_00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., NDVI_A01 is the maximum NDVI in the month following the month of the survey start date) The source data for NDVI come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [URL omitted from DDI.]) dataset, which covers the period February 2000 to October 2018. Only IPUMS-DHS samples whose data collection period overlapped with February 2000 or later are included in the NDVI variable (e.g., Bangladesh 2000). Note, however, that a sample fielded beginning in February 2000 would have non-missing NDVI values for the survey start month and the 11 following months, but would have only missing data values for the 60 months preceding the survey start date. Researchers who need NDVI values for the full 5 years preceding the survey start--for example, to relate to health outcomes for children under age 5--should restrict their analysis to samples fielded from February 2005 forward. NDVI, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date NDVI 60 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date NDVI 59 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date NDVI 58 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date NDVI 57 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date NDVI 56 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date NDVI 55 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date NDVI 54 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date NDVI 53 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date NDVI 52 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date NDVI 51 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date NDVI 50 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date NDVI 49 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date NDVI 48 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date NDVI 47 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date NDVI 46 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date NDVI 45 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date NDVI 44 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date NDVI 43 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date NDVI 42 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date NDVI 41 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date NDVI 40 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date NDVI 39 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date NDVI 38 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date NDVI 37 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date NDVI 36 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date NDVI 35 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date NDVI 34 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date NDVI 33 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date NDVI 32 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date NDVI 31 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date NDVI 30 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date NDVI 29 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date NDVI 28 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date NDVI 27 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date NDVI 26 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date NDVI 25 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date NDVI 24 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date NDVI 23 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date NDVI 22 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date NDVI 21 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date NDVI 20 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date NDVI 19 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date NDVI 18 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date NDVI 17 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date NDVI 16 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date NDVI 15 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date NDVI 14 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date NDVI 13 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date NDVI 12 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date NDVI 11 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date NDVI 10 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date NDVI 9 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date NDVI 8 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date NDVI 7 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date NDVI 6 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date NDVI 5 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date NDVI 4 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date NDVI 3 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date NDVI 2 months before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date NDVI 1 month before survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date NDVI month of survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date NDVI 1 month after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date NDVI 2 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date NDVI 3 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date NDVI 4 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date NDVI 5 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date NDVI 6 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date NDVI 7 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date NDVI 8 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date NDVI 9 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date NDVI 10 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date NDVI 11 months after survey start date -00998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series Battles annual time-series 1 BATTLES available BATTLES consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which battles occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding BATTLES to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (BATTLES_1997 to BATTLES_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for BATTLES are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. According to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], data on BATTLES include: Battles with no change in territory (a battle between two violent armed groups where control of the contested location does not change); Battles in which a non-state actor overtakes territory (a battle where non-state actors win control of a location); Battles in which the government regains territory (a battle in which the government regains control of a location). Users should be aware that all three kinds of battles are included in the variable BATTLES. Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable BATTLES. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. BATTLES, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 Number of battles in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 Number of battles in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 Number of battles in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 Number of battles in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 Number of battles in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 Number of battles in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 Number of battles in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 Number of battles in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 Number of battles in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 Number of battles in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 Number of battles in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 Number of battles in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 Number of battles in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 Number of battles in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 Number of battles in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 Number of battles in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 Number of battles in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 Number of battles in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 Number of battles in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 Number of battles in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 Number of battles in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 Number of battles in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series Riots annual time-series 1 RIOTS available RIOTS consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which riots or protests occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding RIOTS to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (RIOTS_1997 to RIOTS_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for RIOTS are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The RIOTS variable counts incidents of organized demonstrations (against political entities, businesses, or private institutions) involving non-violent protestors or rioters (demonstrators employing violence), as well as spontaneous acts of violence by disorganized groups (targeting property or clashing with other groups or security institutions). Also, ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable RIOTS. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on ACLED's procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. RIOTS, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 Number of riots in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 Number of riots in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 Number of riots in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 Number of riots in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 Number of riots in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 Number of riots in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 Number of riots in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 Number of riots in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 Number of riots in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 Number of riots in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 Number of riots in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 Number of riots in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 Number of riots in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 Number of riots in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 Number of riots in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 Number of riots in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 Number of riots in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 Number of riots in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 Number of riots in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 Number of riots in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 Number of riots in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 Number of riots in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series Violence against civilians annual time-series 1 CIV_VIOLENCE available CIV_VIOLENCE consists of a set of 22 separate variables, each covering one year from 1997 to 2018. The variables report the number of days, within the specified year, in which violence against civilians occurred within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. By adding CIV_VIOLENCE to your data cart, you are in effect adding 22 separate variables (CIV_VIOLENCE_1997 to CIV_VIOLENCE_2018), one variable for each year. The 2018 data in IPUMS-DHS end on September 15, 2018. Data for CIV_VIOLENCE are obtained from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.], downloaded on September 15, 2018. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) defines violence against civilians as deliberate acts perpetrated by an organized political group (such as rebel, militia, or government forces) against unarmed non-combatants who are unable to defend themselves or engage in violence. Such conflicts harm or kill civilians, through events resulting in significant harm (e.g., bombing, shooting, torture, rape, mutilation) or accosting victims (kidnapping and disappearances); however, no fatalities are required for inclusion of the event. Events in which only property damage occurs or people are relocated without physical harm do not count as incidents of violence against civilians. ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] data provide differing levels of "geo-precision" or locational accuracy. IPUMS-DHS includes all levels of locational accuracy in its variable CIV_VIOLENCE. Please refer to ACLED [URL omitted from DDI.] for additional details on their procedures, methods of data collection, and data revision. CIV_VIOLENCE, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1997 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1998 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 1999 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2016 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2017 -0998 Missing IPUMS Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 Number of acts of violence against civilians in 2018 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series Malaria incidence rate annual time-series 1 MALARIA available MALARIA consists of a set of 16 separate variables, covering each year from 2000 to 2015. The variables report, by year, the mean clinical Plasmodium falciparium malaria cases (across all ages) per person within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Alternatively, this statistic can be summarized as the mean clinical plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR), expressed as fractions of a case per person. MALARIA is available for a subset of the IPUMS-DHS samples with GPS data; see Comparability. By adding MALARIA to your data cart, you are in effect adding 16 separate variables (MALARIA_2000 to MALARIA_2015), one variable for each year. MALARIA, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 Malaria incidence rate in 2000 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 Malaria incidence rate in 2001 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 Malaria incidence rate in 2002 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 Malaria incidence rate in 2003 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 Malaria incidence rate in 2004 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 Malaria incidence rate in 2005 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 Malaria incidence rate in 2006 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 Malaria incidence rate in 2007 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 Malaria incidence rate in 2008 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 Malaria incidence rate in 2009 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 Malaria incidence rate in 2010 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 Malaria incidence rate in 2011 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 Malaria incidence rate in 2012 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 Malaria incidence rate in 2013 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 Malaria incidence rate in 2014 -0998 Missing IPUMS Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 Malaria incidence rate in 2015 -0998 Missing IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS